{"id":5729,"date":"2025-12-22T07:38:25","date_gmt":"2025-12-22T07:38:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/?page_id=5729"},"modified":"2026-07-27T08:41:22","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T08:41:22","slug":"previous-year-papers-parliamentary-procedures","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/?page_id=5729","title":{"rendered":"Previous Year Papers-Parliamentary Procedures"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5729\" class=\"elementor elementor-5729\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17ae6c0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"17ae6c0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-328a2ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"328a2ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!--\r\n============================================================\r\nCSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com\r\nREUSABLE PYQ QUIZ TEMPLATE \u2014 PRACTICE + ANALYTICS + AI COACH\r\n------------------------------------------------------------\r\nHOW TO REUSE FOR A NEW QUIZ (3 steps):\r\n  1. 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var(--line);margin-top:4px}\r\n.legend-title{font-weight:700;font-size:11.7px;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:8px}\r\n.legend-items{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px}\r\n.legend-item{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;font-size:10.9px;color:var(--mut)}\r\n.legend-color{width:14px;height:14px;border-radius:3px}\r\n.legend-color.unattempted{background:var(--navy)}\r\n.legend-color.attempted{background:#f7ce6b}\r\n.legend-color.correct{background:var(--green)}\r\n.legend-color.incorrect{background:var(--red)}\r\n.stat-row{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding:8px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line)}\r\n.stat-row:last-child{border-bottom:none}\r\n.stat-label{color:var(--mut);font-size:13.1px}\r\n.stat-value{font-weight:700;font-size:15.2px;color:var(--ink)}\r\n.stat-value.correct{color:var(--green)}\r\n.stat-value.incorrect{color:var(--red)}\r\n.action-buttons{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px}\r\n.action-btn{width:100%;padding:12px;min-height:46px;border:none;border-radius:var(--r-md);font-size:13.6px;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:7px;transition:all .3s;font-family:var(--sans)}\r\n.action-btn.submit{background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--green) 0%,var(--green-d) 100%);color:#fff;box-shadow:var(--sh-md)}\r\n.action-btn.submit:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:var(--sh-lg)}\r\n.action-btn.reset{background:#F8FAFC;color:var(--mut);border:2px solid var(--line)}\r\n.action-btn.reset:hover{border-color:var(--red);color:var(--red)}\r\n.action-btn.danger{background:#fff;color:var(--red-d);border:2px solid #f3c1c1}\r\n.action-btn.danger:hover{background:var(--red);border-color:var(--red);color:#fff}\r\n.reset-note{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--faint);text-align:center;margin-top:6px;line-height:1.45}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- TOAST & MODAL ---------- *\/\r\n.warning-toast{position:fixed;bottom:30px;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);background:var(--red);color:#fff;padding:12px 24px;border-radius:var(--r-md);font-weight:600;box-shadow:var(--sh-lg);z-index:10000;display:none;animation:gpUp .3s ease;font-size:14.1px}\r\n.warning-toast.show{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}\r\n.warning-toast.success{background:var(--green)}\r\n@keyframes gpUp{from{opacity:0;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(20px)}to{opacity:1;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(0)}}\r\n.result-modal{position:fixed;inset:0;background:rgba(9,20,45,.72);display:none;justify-content:center;align-items:center;z-index:10000;padding:20px}\r\n.result-modal.show{display:flex}\r\n.result-content{background:#fff;padding:32px;border-radius:var(--r-lg);text-align:center;max-width:440px;width:100%;box-shadow:var(--sh-lg);animation:gpModal .3s ease;max-height:90vh;overflow-y:auto}\r\n@keyframes gpModal{from{opacity:0;transform:scale(.92)}to{opacity:1;transform:scale(1)}}\r\n.result-icon{font-size:50px;margin-bottom:16px}\r\n.result-title{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:24px;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:8px}\r\n.result-message{color:var(--mut);margin-bottom:20px;font-size:14.4px}\r\n.result-stats{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:10px;margin-bottom:20px}\r\n.result-stat{background:#F8FAFC;padding:12px;border-radius:var(--r-md)}\r\n.result-stat-value{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:22.4px;font-weight:600;color:var(--navy)}\r\n.result-stat-label{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--mut)}\r\n.result-buttons{display:flex;gap:10px;justify-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n.result-btn{padding:10px 20px;border:none;border-radius:var(--r-md);font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;transition:all .3s;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;font-size:13.1px;font-family:var(--sans)}\r\n.result-btn.primary{background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--navy) 0%,var(--navy-d) 100%);color:#fff}\r\n.result-btn.secondary{background:#F8FAFC;color:var(--mut)}\r\n.result-btn.weak{background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--red) 0%,var(--red-d) 100%);color:#fff}\r\n.result-btn:hover{transform:translateY(-2px)}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================\r\n   TAB 2 \u2014 EXAM ANALYTICS\r\n===================================================== *\/\r\n.an-wrap{padding:6px 28px 40px;max-width:1080px;margin:0 auto}\r\n.an-card{padding:22px 22px}\r\n.bar-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:34px minmax(190px,1.5fr) 2.3fr auto;align-items:center;gap:12px;padding:6px 0}\r\n.bar-row+.bar-row{border-top:1px dashed #eef1f6}\r\n.bar-rank{font-family:var(--serif);color:var(--mut);font-size:14.4px;text-align:right}\r\n\/* WRAP FIX: long chapter names wrap onto multiple lines instead of overflowing *\/\r\n.bar-name{font-size:13.8px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.35;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word}\r\n.bar-track{background:#eef1f6;border-radius:8px;height:20px;overflow:hidden}\r\n.bar-fill{height:100%;border-radius:8px;transition:width .8s ease}\r\n.bar-val{font-weight:700;font-size:14.7px;min-width:64px;text-align:right}\r\n.bar-val .pct{display:inline-block;font-weight:500;color:var(--mut);font-size:11.5px;margin-left:6px}\r\n.tbl-scroll{overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:14px;background:#fff}\r\ntable.matrix{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:12.6px;min-width:900px}\r\ntable.matrix th,table.matrix td{text-align:center;padding:8px 5px;border-bottom:1px solid #eef1f6}\r\ntable.matrix thead th{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;font-weight:600;font-size:11.7px}\r\ntable.matrix thead th:first-child{text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\r\n\/* WRAP FIX: heatmap row-header wraps; bounded so year columns stay visible *\/\r\n.rn{text-align:left!important;padding-left:14px!important;font-weight:500;white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;min-width:160px;max-width:300px;line-height:1.4;background:#fbfcfe}\r\n.rt{font-weight:700;background:#f2f4f8;border-left:2px solid var(--gold)}\r\ntable.matrix tbody tr:hover td{outline:1px solid rgba(201,153,42,.25)}\r\ntable.matrix tfoot td{background:var(--navy-d);color:#fff;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none}\r\ntable.matrix tfoot td:first-child{text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\r\n.hm-legend{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin-top:14px;font-size:12.8px;color:var(--mut)}\r\n.hm-legend .sw{width:22px;height:14px;border-radius:3px;display:inline-block}\r\n.year-chart{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;gap:8px;height:180px;padding-top:14px}\r\n.yb{flex:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;height:100%;justify-content:flex-end}\r\n.yb-bar{width:100%;max-width:52px;background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold-l),var(--gold));border-radius:6px 6px 0 0;position:relative;min-height:14px;transition:height .8s ease}\r\n.yb-bar span{position:absolute;top:-20px;left:0;right:0;text-align:center;font-weight:700;font-size:12.8px;color:var(--navy)}\r\n.yb-lab{margin-top:8px;font-size:10.6px;color:var(--mut);text-align:center}\r\n.insight{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:14px}\r\n.ins{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--gold);border-radius:10px;padding:15px 17px}\r\n.ins h4{font-size:13.1px;color:var(--navy-d);margin-bottom:6px}\r\n.ins p{font-size:13.9px;color:#3a4453}\r\n.ins b{color:var(--gold-d)}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================\r\n   TAB 3 \u2014 MY PERFORMANCE (AI COACH)\r\n===================================================== *\/\r\n.ai-wrap{padding:6px 28px 40px;max-width:1080px;margin:0 auto}\r\n.ai-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:280px 1fr;gap:18px;align-items:stretch}\r\n.ai-ring-card{background:linear-gradient(150deg,var(--navy-ink) 0%,var(--navy-d) 70%,#2f5fe0 100%);border-radius:var(--r-lg);padding:26px 20px;color:#fff;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;box-shadow:var(--sh-md)}\r\n.ai-ring{position:relative;width:150px;height:150px}\r\n.ai-ring svg{transform:rotate(-90deg)}\r\n.ai-ring .bg{fill:none;stroke:rgba(255,255,255,.14);stroke-width:11}\r\n.ai-ring .fg{fill:none;stroke:var(--gold-l);stroke-width:11;stroke-linecap:round;transition:stroke-dashoffset 1s ease}\r\n.ai-ring-txt{position:absolute;inset:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\r\n.ai-ring-txt .n{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:40px;font-weight:600;color:var(--gold-l);line-height:1}\r\n.ai-ring-txt .l{font-size:9.9px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#bfdbfe;margin-top:4px}\r\n.ai-verdict{margin-top:14px;font-size:13.8px;color:#dbeafe;line-height:1.5}\r\n.ai-verdict b{color:#fff}\r\n.ai-coach-card{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-lg);padding:22px;box-shadow:var(--sh-sm)}\r\n.ai-coach-card h3{font-size:15.2px;color:var(--navy-ink);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin-bottom:12px}\r\n.ai-coach-card h3 i{color:var(--gold)}\r\n.ai-reco{display:flex;gap:12px;padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line);align-items:flex-start}\r\n.ai-reco:last-child{border-bottom:none}\r\n.ai-reco .ic{width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:8px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-size:12.8px;flex-shrink:0;margin-top:2px}\r\n.ai-reco .ic.hot{background:var(--red-bg);color:var(--red-d)}\r\n.ai-reco .ic.warm{background:#fef7e6;color:var(--amber-d)}\r\n.ai-reco .ic.cool{background:#eff6ff;color:var(--navy)}\r\n.ai-reco .ic.good{background:var(--green-bg);color:var(--green-d)}\r\n.ai-reco p{font-size:13.9px;color:#37414f}\r\n.ai-reco p b{color:var(--navy-ink)}\r\n.ai-reco .go{margin-left:auto;flex-shrink:0;background:#EFF6FF;color:var(--navy-d);border:1px solid #d4e2fb;border-radius:8px;padding:6px 12px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;transition:all .25s;font-family:var(--sans);white-space:nowrap}\r\n.ai-reco .go:hover{background:var(--navy);color:#fff}\r\n\r\n.ai-kpis{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(150px,1fr));gap:12px;margin-top:18px}\r\n.ai-kpi{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-md);padding:14px 16px;box-shadow:var(--sh-sm)}\r\n.ai-kpi .n{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:25.6px;font-weight:600;color:var(--navy-d)}\r\n.ai-kpi .n.g{color:var(--green-d)} .ai-kpi .n.r{color:var(--red-d)} .ai-kpi .n.a{color:var(--amber-d)}\r\n.ai-kpi .l{font-size:10.9px;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--mut);margin-top:2px}\r\n\r\ntable.perf{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:13.1px;min-width:760px}\r\ntable.perf th,table.perf td{padding:10px 10px;border-bottom:1px solid #eef1f6;text-align:center}\r\ntable.perf thead th{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;font-weight:600;font-size:11.5px}\r\ntable.perf th:first-child,table.perf td:first-child{text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\r\n\/* WRAP FIX: chapter column wraps; bounded so metric columns stay visible *\/\r\ntable.perf td:first-child{font-weight:500;background:#fbfcfe;white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;min-width:150px;max-width:260px;line-height:1.4}\r\n.mini-track{background:#eef1f6;border-radius:6px;height:9px;overflow:hidden;min-width:80px}\r\n.mini-fill{height:100%;border-radius:6px}\r\n.tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10.6px;font-weight:700;padding:3px 9px;border-radius:20px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.03em}\r\n.tag.hot{background:var(--red-bg);color:var(--red-d)}\r\n.tag.warm{background:#fef7e6;color:var(--amber-d)}\r\n.tag.ok{background:#eff6ff;color:var(--navy-d)}\r\n.tag.good{background:var(--green-bg);color:var(--green-d)}\r\n.tag.na{background:#f1f5f9;color:var(--faint)}\r\n.mini-go{background:none;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;padding:5px 10px;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:700;color:var(--navy-d);cursor:pointer;transition:all .25s;font-family:var(--sans)}\r\n.mini-go:hover{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;border-color:var(--navy)}\r\n\r\n.rev-item{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;background:#F8FAFC;border-left:3px solid var(--amber);border-radius:var(--r-sm);padding:10px 12px;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:12.6px;cursor:pointer;transition:all .25s}\r\n.rev-item:hover{background:#fef7e6;transform:translateX(3px)}\r\n.rev-item .q-num{font-weight:700;color:var(--amber-d);flex-shrink:0}\r\n.rev-item .q-text{flex:1;color:var(--mut);white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}\r\n.rev-item .days{background:var(--amber);color:#fff;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:20px;font-size:10.2px;font-weight:700;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.ai-empty{text-align:center;padding:34px 20px;color:var(--mut)}\r\n.ai-empty i{font-size:32px;color:var(--gold);margin-bottom:12px;display:block}\r\n.ai-empty .big{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:19.2px;color:var(--navy-ink);margin-bottom:6px}\r\n.ai-empty p{font-size:13.9px;max-width:52ch;margin:0 auto}\r\n.ai-two{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:18px}\r\n.perf-reset-wrap{margin-top:34px;padding:18px;border:1px dashed #f3c1c1;border-radius:var(--r-lg);background:#fffafa;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n.perf-reset-wrap p{font-size:13.1px;color:var(--mut);flex:1;min-width:220px}\r\n.perf-reset-wrap p b{color:var(--red-d)}\r\n.perf-reset-btn{padding:11px 20px;background:#fff;border:2px solid #f3c1c1;border-radius:var(--r-md);color:var(--red-d);font-size:13.1px;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;transition:all .25s;font-family:var(--sans);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.perf-reset-btn:hover{background:var(--red);border-color:var(--red);color:#fff}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- RESPONSIVE ---------- *\/\r\n@media(max-width:1024px){.quiz-container{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 270px;gap:14px}}\r\n@media(max-width:900px){\r\n  \/* MOBILE: question first, everything else stacks below *\/\r\n  .quiz-container{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:0 12px 12px;gap:14px}\r\n  .filter-bar{padding:12px 12px 0}\r\n  .filter-list{flex-wrap:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;padding-bottom:6px;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .question-panel{order:1}\r\n  .dashboard-sidebar{order:2}\r\n  .gp-head-top{flex-direction:column;gap:12px}\r\n  .gp-stats{width:100%;flex-wrap:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;padding-bottom:4px;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .gp-stat{min-width:84px;padding:7px 12px;flex:0 0 auto}\r\n  .gp-stat .n{font-size:19.2px}\r\n  .gp-tabs{overflow-x:auto;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .gp-tab{flex:0 0 auto;white-space:nowrap}\r\n  .mode-selector{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;padding:10px 12px}\r\n  .mode-tabs{overflow-x:auto;flex-wrap:nowrap;padding-bottom:4px;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .mode-tab{flex:0 0 auto;white-space:nowrap}\r\n  .session-info{justify-content:center}\r\n  \/* navigator becomes a horizontal strip *\/\r\n  .question-grid{display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;max-height:none;padding-bottom:6px;gap:7px;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .grid-item{flex:0 0 40px;height:40px;aspect-ratio:auto}\r\n  .weak-question-list{max-height:150px}\r\n  .ai-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr}\r\n  .ai-two{grid-template-columns:1fr}\r\n}\r\n@media(max-width:600px){\r\n  .gp-header{padding:18px 14px 0}\r\n  .gp-brand h1{font-size:20.5px}\r\n  .gp-brand p{font-size:12.5px}\r\n  .gp-tabs{overflow-x:auto;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .gp-tab{padding:9px 13px;font-size:12px;flex:0 0 auto;white-space:nowrap}\r\n  .an-wrap,.ai-wrap{padding:6px 12px 30px}\r\n  .question-header{padding:11px 14px}\r\n  .question-number{font-size:15px}\r\n  .question-body{padding:14px}\r\n  .question-text{font-size:17px !important;padding:15px 16px;line-height:1.68}\r\n  .q-stmt{margin-left:6px;grid-template-columns:26px 1fr}\r\n  .option-item{padding:11px 12px;gap:9px}\r\n  .option-letter{min-width:30px;font-size:16.3px !important}\r\n  .option-text{font-size:16.3px !important}\r\n  .option-item:hover:not(.disabled){transform:none}\r\n  .question-nav{flex-wrap:wrap;padding:12px;gap:9px}\r\n  .nav-btn{padding:11px 16px;font-size:12.8px;flex:1;justify-content:center}\r\n  .nav-btn.check{order:-1;width:100%;max-width:none;flex-basis:100%}\r\n  .progress-combo{grid-template-columns:auto 1fr}\r\n  .result-stats{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:7px}\r\n  .result-content{padding:22px}\r\n  .result-buttons{flex-direction:column}\r\n  .bar-row{grid-template-columns:28px 1fr;row-gap:4px}\r\n  .bar-track{grid-column:1\/-1}\r\n  .bar-name,.bar-val{grid-column:2;text-align:left}\r\n  .sec-head{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px}\r\n  .sec-head .hint{margin-left:0;flex-basis:100%}\r\n  .sec-head h2{font-size:16px}\r\n  .year-chart{height:140px;gap:5px}\r\n  .yb-bar span{font-size:10.9px;top:-17px}\r\n  .yb-lab{font-size:9.3px}\r\n  .ai-ring{transform:scale(.85);margin:-8px}\r\n  .ai-ring-txt .n{font-size:33.6px}\r\n  .ai-kpis{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}\r\n  .ai-kpi .n{font-size:20.8px}\r\n  .ai-reco{flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n  .ai-reco .go{margin-left:42px}\r\n  .insight{grid-template-columns:1fr}\r\n  .progress-combo{gap:10px}\r\n  .warning-toast{width:calc(100% - 32px);justify-content:center;font-size:12.8px}\r\n  .gp-stat{min-width:76px}\r\n  .perf-reset-wrap{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch}\r\n  .perf-reset-btn{justify-content:center}\r\n}\r\n\/* very small phones *\/\r\n@media(max-width:380px){\r\n  .gp-header{padding:14px 10px 0}\r\n  .gp-tab{padding:8px 10px;font-size:11.2px}\r\n  .mode-tab{padding:8px 11px;font-size:11.7px}\r\n  .question-text{font-size:16px !important;padding:12px}\r\n  .option-text,.option-letter{font-size:15.5px !important}\r\n  .an-wrap,.ai-wrap{padding:6px 8px 24px}\r\n  .quiz-container{padding:0 8px 8px}\r\n  .filter-bar{padding:10px 8px 0}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"gfr-portal\" id=\"quizWrapper\">\r\n    <!-- Warning Toast -->\r\n    <div class=\"warning-toast\" id=\"warningToast\">\r\n        <span class=\"ic\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>\r\n        <span id=\"toastMessage\">Message<\/span>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- Result Modal -->\r\n    <div class=\"result-modal\" id=\"resultModal\">\r\n        <div class=\"result-content\">\r\n            <div class=\"result-icon\" id=\"resultIcon\">\ud83c\udf89<\/div>\r\n            <h2 class=\"result-title\" id=\"resultTitle\">Great Job!<\/h2>\r\n            <p class=\"result-message\" id=\"resultMessage\">You have completed the quiz.<\/p>\r\n            <div class=\"result-stats\">\r\n                <div class=\"result-stat\">\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-value\" id=\"resultCorrect\">0<\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-label\">Correct<\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"result-stat\">\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-value\" id=\"resultIncorrect\">0<\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-label\">Incorrect<\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"result-stat\">\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-value\" id=\"resultScore\">0%<\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-label\">Score<\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"result-buttons\">\r\n                <button class=\"result-btn secondary\" id=\"reviewBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udc41<\/span> Review<\/button>\r\n                <button class=\"result-btn weak\" id=\"practiceWeakBtn\" style=\"display:none;\"><span class=\"ic\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span> Practice Weak<\/button>\r\n                <button class=\"result-btn primary\" id=\"retryBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u21bb<\/span> Try Again<\/button>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- ================= HEADER ================= -->\r\n    <header class=\"gp-header\">\r\n        <div class=\"gp-head-top\">\r\n            <div class=\"gp-brand\">\r\n                <div class=\"eyebrow\">CSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com \u00b7 Paper 1<\/div>\r\n                <h1 id=\"topicName\">Parliamentary Procedures-PYQs<\/h1>\r\n                <p id=\"topicSubtitle\">Combined SO\/Steno LDCE Previous Year Questions \u00b7 2009\u20132025 \u00b7 Smart Practice &amp; Analytics<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"gp-stats\">\r\n                <div class=\"gp-stat\"><div class=\"n\" id=\"hdrTotalQ\">0<\/div><div class=\"l\">PYQs<\/div><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"gp-stat\"><div class=\"n\" id=\"hdrCycles\">0<\/div><div class=\"l\">Exam Cycles<\/div><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"gp-stat\"><div class=\"n\" id=\"hdrMastered\">0%<\/div><div class=\"l\">Mastered<\/div><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"gp-stat clickable\" id=\"weakBadgeHeader\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"n\" id=\"weakCountHeader\">0<\/div><div class=\"l\">Weak Areas<\/div><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"gp-stat\"><div class=\"n\" id=\"hdrReadiness\">\u2014<\/div><div class=\"l\">Readiness<\/div><\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <nav class=\"gp-tabs\">\r\n            <button class=\"gp-tab active\" data-view=\"practice\"><span class=\"ic\">\u270d\ufe0f<\/span> Practice Quiz<\/button>\r\n            <button class=\"gp-tab\" data-view=\"analytics\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udcca<\/span> Exam Analytics<\/button>\r\n            <button class=\"gp-tab\" data-view=\"performance\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83e\udde0<\/span> My Performance <span class=\"pill\" id=\"perfPill\" style=\"display:none;\">!<\/span><\/button>\r\n        <\/nav>\r\n    <\/header>\r\n\r\n    <!-- ================= VIEW 1 : PRACTICE QUIZ ================= -->\r\n    <div class=\"gp-view active\" id=\"view-practice\">\r\n\r\n    <!-- Mode Selector -->\r\n    <div class=\"mode-selector\">\r\n        <div class=\"mode-tabs\">\r\n            <button class=\"mode-tab active\" data-mode=\"all\" id=\"modeAll\">\r\n                <span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udccb<\/span> All Questions <span class=\"badge\" id=\"allCount\">0<\/span>\r\n            <\/button>\r\n            <button class=\"mode-tab\" data-mode=\"year\" id=\"modeYear\">\r\n                <span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udcc5<\/span> By Year\r\n            <\/button>\r\n            <button class=\"mode-tab\" data-mode=\"chapter\" id=\"modeChapter\">\r\n                <span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udcda<\/span> By Chapter\r\n            <\/button>\r\n            <button class=\"mode-tab weak-mode\" data-mode=\"weak\" id=\"modeWeak\">\r\n                <span class=\"ic\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span> Weak Areas <span class=\"badge\" id=\"weakModeCount\">0<\/span>\r\n            <\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"session-info\" id=\"sessionInfo\" style=\"display:none;\">\r\n            <span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udd58<\/span>\r\n            <span id=\"sessionText\">Last session: Q5<\/span>\r\n            <button class=\"resume-btn\" id=\"resumeBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u25b6<\/span> Resume<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- FILTER BAR (before the MCQ content) -->\r\n    <div class=\"filter-bar\">\r\n        <div class=\"filter-bar-row\">\r\n            <div class=\"quiz-card\" id=\"yearFilterCard\">\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-header light\"><h3><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udcc5<\/span> Filter by Year<\/h3><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-body\" style=\"padding:10px 14px\"><div class=\"filter-list\" id=\"yearList\"><\/div><\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"quiz-card\" id=\"chapterFilterCard\">\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-header light\"><h3><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udcda<\/span> Filter by Chapter<\/h3><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-body\" style=\"padding:10px 14px\"><div class=\"filter-list\" id=\"chapterList\"><\/div><\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"quiz-card weak-areas-card\" id=\"weakAreasCard\" style=\"display:none;\">\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-header\"><h3><span class=\"ic\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span> Weak Areas<\/h3><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-body\" style=\"padding:10px 14px\">\r\n                    <div class=\"weak-question-list\" id=\"weakQuestionList\"><\/div>\r\n                    <button class=\"practice-weak-btn\" id=\"practiceWeakAreasBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u21bb<\/span> Practice All Weak Areas<\/button>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- Main Container -->\r\n    <div class=\"quiz-container\">\r\n        <!-- Question Panel (primary) -->\r\n        <main class=\"question-panel\">\r\n            <div class=\"question-header\">\r\n                <span class=\"question-number\" id=\"questionNumber\">Question 1 of 20<\/span>\r\n                <div class=\"question-meta\">\r\n                    <div class=\"meta-badge year\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udcc5<\/span> <span id=\"currentQuestionYear\">\u2014<\/span><\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"meta-badge chapter\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> <span id=\"currentQuestionChapter\">\u2014<\/span><\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"meta-badge weak\" id=\"weakBadge\" style=\"display:none;\"><span class=\"ic\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span> <span>Weak<\/span><\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"question-body\">\r\n                <div class=\"question-text\" id=\"questionText\">Loading question...<\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"options-list\" id=\"optionsList\"><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"explanation-box\" id=\"explanationBox\">\r\n                    <div class=\"explanation-title\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udca1<\/span> Explanation<\/div>\r\n                    <p class=\"explanation-text\" id=\"explanationText\"><\/p>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"mastery-indicator\" id=\"masteryIndicator\">\r\n                    <span class=\"mastery-label\"><span class=\"ic\">\u2b50<\/span> Mastery:<\/span>\r\n                    <div class=\"mastery-stars\" id=\"masteryStars\">\r\n                        <i>\u2605<\/i><i>\u2605<\/i><i>\u2605<\/i><i>\u2605<\/i><i>\u2605<\/i>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"question-nav\">\r\n                    <button class=\"nav-btn prev\" id=\"prevBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u2190<\/span> Previous<\/button>\r\n                    <button class=\"nav-btn check\" id=\"checkBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u2713<\/span> Check Answer<\/button>\r\n                    <button class=\"nav-btn next\" id=\"nextBtn\">Next <span class=\"ic\">\u2192<\/span><\/button>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/main>\r\n\r\n        <!-- Right Rail: navigator \u2192 progress \u2192 actions -->\r\n        <aside class=\"dashboard-sidebar\">\r\n            <div class=\"quiz-card\">\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-header light\"><h3><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\uddc2\ufe0f<\/span> Question Navigator<\/h3><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-body\">\r\n                    <div class=\"question-grid\" id=\"questionGrid\"><\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"legend\">\r\n                        <div class=\"legend-items\">\r\n                            <div class=\"legend-item\"><div class=\"legend-color unattempted\"><\/div><span>New<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"legend-item\"><div class=\"legend-color attempted\"><\/div><span>Seen<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"legend-item\"><div class=\"legend-color correct\"><\/div><span>Correct<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"legend-item\"><div class=\"legend-color incorrect\"><\/div><span>Incorrect<\/span><\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"quiz-card\">\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-header\"><h3><span class=\"ic\">\ud83c\udfc6<\/span> Progress &amp; Session<\/h3><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-body\">\r\n                    <div class=\"progress-combo\">\r\n                        <div class=\"progress-ring-container\">\r\n                            <div class=\"progress-ring\">\r\n                                <svg width=\"100\" height=\"100\">\r\n                                    <circle class=\"progress-ring-bg\" cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"42\"><\/circle>\r\n                                    <circle class=\"progress-ring-fill\" cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"42\" stroke-dasharray=\"264\" stroke-dashoffset=\"264\" id=\"progressRingFill\"><\/circle>\r\n                                <\/svg>\r\n                                <div class=\"progress-ring-text\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"progress-ring-percentage\" id=\"progressPercentage\">0%<\/span>\r\n                                    <span class=\"progress-ring-label\">Mastered<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"stat-col\">\r\n                            <div class=\"stat-row\"><span class=\"stat-label\">Questions<\/span><span class=\"stat-value\" id=\"totalQuestions\">0<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"stat-row\"><span class=\"stat-label\">Attempted<\/span><span class=\"stat-value\" id=\"attemptedCount\">0<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"stat-row\"><span class=\"stat-label\">Correct<\/span><span class=\"stat-value correct\" id=\"correctCount\">0<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"stat-row\"><span class=\"stat-label\">Incorrect<\/span><span class=\"stat-value incorrect\" id=\"incorrectCount\">0<\/span><\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"progress-stats-mini\" style=\"margin-top:10px\">\r\n                        <div class=\"progress-stat-mini\"><div class=\"value correct\" id=\"totalCorrectProgress\">0<\/div><div class=\"label\">Lifetime Correct<\/div><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"progress-stat-mini\"><div class=\"value incorrect\" id=\"totalWeakProgress\">0<\/div><div class=\"label\">Weak Areas<\/div><\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"action-buttons\">\r\n                <button class=\"action-btn submit\" id=\"submitBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udce4<\/span> Submit &amp; View Results<\/button>\r\n                <button class=\"action-btn reset\" id=\"resetBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u21ba<\/span> Reset Session<\/button>\r\n                <p class=\"reset-note\">Resets only this session's answers.<br>Lifetime performance &amp; mastery are kept.<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/aside>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <\/div><!-- \/view-practice -->\r\n\r\n    <!-- ================= VIEW 2 : EXAM ANALYTICS ================= -->\r\n    <div class=\"gp-view\" id=\"view-analytics\">\r\n        <div class=\"an-wrap\">\r\n            <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"num\">01<\/span><h2>Ranked \u2014 Total MCQs per Chapter<\/h2><span class=\"hint\">gold = high-yield (15+ Qs)<\/span><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"an-card\" id=\"rankedBars\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"num\">02<\/span><h2>Heatmap Matrix \u2014 Chapter \u00d7 Exam Year<\/h2><span class=\"hint\">darker gold = more questions<\/span><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"tbl-scroll\" id=\"heatmapContainer\"><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"hm-legend\"><span>Low<\/span><span class=\"sw\" style=\"background:#fdf6e3\"><\/span><span class=\"sw\" style=\"background:#f6e7b8\"><\/span><span class=\"sw\" style=\"background:#e9cf7f\"><\/span><span class=\"sw\" style=\"background:#d8b23f\"><\/span><span class=\"sw\" style=\"background:#c9992a\"><\/span><span>High<\/span><\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"num\">03<\/span><h2>Questions per Exam Cycle<\/h2><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"an-card\"><div class=\"year-chart\" id=\"cycleChart\"><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"num\">04<\/span><h2>Takeaways for Preparation<\/h2><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"insight\" id=\"takeaways\"><\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div><!-- \/view-analytics -->\r\n\r\n    <!-- ================= VIEW 3 : MY PERFORMANCE (AI COACH) ================= -->\r\n    <div class=\"gp-view\" id=\"view-performance\">\r\n        <div class=\"ai-wrap\">\r\n            <div id=\"aiEmptyState\" class=\"an-card ai-empty\" style=\"display:none;margin-top:24px;\">\r\n                <span class=\"ic\" style=\"font-size:32px\">\ud83e\udde0<\/span>\r\n                <div class=\"big\">Your AI coach is waiting for data<\/div>\r\n                <p>Attempt a few questions in the Practice tab. The coach will then compute your exam-readiness score, detect weak chapters weighted by their real exam frequency, and build a personalised study plan.<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div id=\"aiContent\">\r\n                <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-top:24px;\"><span class=\"num\">01<\/span><h2>Exam Readiness \u2014 AI Assessment<\/h2><span class=\"hint\">weighted by real PYQ frequency<\/span><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"ai-hero\">\r\n                    <div class=\"ai-ring-card\">\r\n                        <div class=\"ai-ring\">\r\n                            <svg width=\"150\" height=\"150\">\r\n                                <circle class=\"bg\" cx=\"75\" cy=\"75\" r=\"64\"><\/circle>\r\n                                <circle class=\"fg\" cx=\"75\" cy=\"75\" r=\"64\" stroke-dasharray=\"402\" stroke-dashoffset=\"402\" id=\"aiRingFill\"><\/circle>\r\n                            <\/svg>\r\n                            <div class=\"ai-ring-txt\"><span class=\"n\" id=\"aiScore\">0<\/span><span class=\"l\">Readiness \/ 100<\/span><\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"ai-verdict\" id=\"aiVerdict\"><\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"ai-coach-card\">\r\n                        <h3><span class=\"ic\">\ud83e\ude84<\/span> Smart Study Plan \u2014 What to do next<\/h3>\r\n                        <div id=\"aiRecoList\"><\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"ai-kpis\" id=\"aiKpis\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"num\">02<\/span><h2>Chapter Performance vs Exam Weight<\/h2><span class=\"hint\">priority = high weight \u00d7 low accuracy<\/span><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"tbl-scroll\"><table class=\"perf\">\r\n                    <thead><tr><th>Chapter<\/th><th>Exam Weight<\/th><th>Coverage<\/th><th>Accuracy<\/th><th>Status<\/th><th>Action<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n                    <tbody id=\"perfTableBody\"><\/tbody>\r\n                <\/table><\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"ai-two\" style=\"margin-top:34px;\">\r\n                    <div>\r\n                        <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-top:0;\"><span class=\"num\">03<\/span><h2>Revision Queue<\/h2><span class=\"hint\">spaced repetition<\/span><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"an-card\" id=\"revisionQueue\"><\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                    <div>\r\n                        <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-top:0;\"><span class=\"num\">04<\/span><h2>Mastery Distribution<\/h2><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"an-card\" id=\"masteryDist\"><\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <!-- Performance reset (lifetime data) -->\r\n                <div class=\"perf-reset-wrap\">\r\n                    <p><b>Danger zone:<\/b> this permanently erases your lifetime performance for this quiz \u2014 mastery stars, weak areas, accuracy history and the readiness score. Session reset on the Practice tab does <b>not<\/b> touch this data.<\/p>\r\n                    <button class=\"perf-reset-btn\" id=\"resetPerfBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\uddd1\ufe0f<\/span> Reset My Performance<\/button>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div><!-- \/view-performance -->\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ QUIZ CONFIGURATION  \u2190 EDIT PER QUIZ\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nconst quizConfig = {\r\n    \/\/ UNIQUE id per quiz. Progress is stored in localStorage under this key,\r\n    \/\/ so two quizzes MUST NOT share the same quizId.\r\n    quizId: 'CHANGE-ME-unique-quiz-id',\r\n    topic: 'Parliamentary Procedures-PYQs',                       \/\/ header H1\r\n    subtitle: 'Combined SO\/Steno LDCE Previous Year Questions \u00b7 Smart Practice & Analytics',\r\n    paper: 'Paper 2',\r\n    wpAjaxUrl: '\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php',\r\n    useWordPressSync: true,\r\n    masteryThreshold: 3,   \/\/ consecutive\/total correct needed for \"mastered\"\r\n    weakThreshold: 1,      \/\/ wrong attempts before a question is flagged weak\r\n    revisionGapDays: 7     \/\/ days after which a mastered Q re-enters revision\r\n};\r\n\r\n\/* ============================================================================\r\n   UPSC SO \/ STENO LDCE  \u2014  PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE  \u2014  PYQ MCQ BANK\r\n   Chapter-categorised + verbatim rule explanations\r\n   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n   SOURCES (authorised texts):\r\n     \u2022 Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, 16th Edn, 2019\r\n       (Lok Sabha Secretariat) \u2014 27 Chapters, Rules 1-389\r\n     \u2022 Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Council of States\r\n       (Rajya Sabha), 9th Edn \u2014 for RS-specific devices (Special Mention, etc.)\r\n     \u2022 Constitution of India \u2014 where the point is constitutional, not a Rule.\r\n\r\n   CANONICAL CHAPTER MAP (Lok Sabha Rules, 16th Edn):\r\n     Ch 1  Short Title and Definitions ...................... Rr. 1-2\r\n     Ch 2  Summons, Seating, Oath\/Affirmation, Roll ......... Rr. 3-6\r\n     Ch 3  Election of Speaker\/Deputy Speaker & Panel ....... Rr. 7-10\r\n     Ch 4  Sittings of the House ......................... .. Rr. 11-15\r\n     Ch 5  President's Address and Messages to the House .... Rr. 16-24\r\n     Ch 6  Arrangement of Business and List of Business ..... Rr. 25-31\r\n     Ch 7  Questions ........................................ Rr. 32-54\r\n     Ch 8  Half-an-Hour Discussions ......................... R. 55\r\n     Ch 9  Adjournment Motions .............................. Rr. 56-63\r\n     Ch 10 Legislation ...................................... Rr. 64-154\r\n     Ch 11 Bills seeking to amend the Constitution .......... Rr. 155-159\r\n     Ch 12 Petitions ........................................ Rr. 160-169\r\n     Ch 13 Resolutions ...................................... Rr. 170-183\r\n     Ch 14 Motions .......................................... Rr. 184-192\r\n     Ch 15 Short Duration Discussions ....................... Rr. 193-196\r\n     Ch 16 Calling Attention ................................ R. 197\r\n     Ch 17 No-Confidence & Statement by Minister resigned ... Rr. 198-199\r\n     Ch 18 Removal of Speaker\/Deputy Speaker ................ Rr. 200-203\r\n     Ch 19 Financial Business ............................... Rr. 204-221\r\n     Ch 20 Privileges ....................................... Rr. 222-233\r\n     Ch 20A Procedure for Ethics Complaints ................. Rr. 233A-233B\r\n     Ch 21 Subordinate Legislation .......................... Rr. 234-239\r\n     Ch 22 Resignation and Vacation of Seats ............... Rr. 240-241\r\n     Ch 23 Leave of Absence from the Sittings .............. Rr. 242-245\r\n     Ch 24 Communications between President and House ...... Rr. 246-247\r\n     Ch 25 Secret Sitting of the House ..................... Rr. 248-252\r\n     Ch 26 Parliamentary Committees ........................ Rr. 253-331Q\r\n     Ch 27 General Rules of Procedure ...................... Rr. 332-389\r\n\r\n   NOTE: Rule text below is quoted verbatim from the 16th Edn. Where the\r\n   answer rests on the Constitution or on settled parliamentary practice\r\n   (Zero Hour, Whip, Well of the House, etc.) that is stated explicitly.\r\n\r\n   CHAPTER-LABEL CONVENTION (the \"chapter\" field):\r\n     \u2022 \"Ch N: Title\"  \u2014 answerable from that chapter of the Lok Sabha Rules.\r\n     \u2022 \"Rajya Sabha\"  \u2014 sourced in the Rajya Sabha Rules \/ RS-specific\r\n                        procedure (e.g. Special Mention). RS chapter not named.\r\n     \u2022 \"Misc.\"        \u2014 constitutional-only, cross-chapter\/general, or\r\n                        informal devices (Zero Hour, Joint Sitting, effect of\r\n                        dissolution, etc.) not tied to a single LS chapter.\r\n   ============================================================================ *\/\r\n\r\nconst allQuestions = [\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2009-11 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 1,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 9: Adjournment Motions',\r\n    question: \"Which one among the following statements regarding adjournment motion is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not more than one matter can be discussed on the same motion\",\r\n      \"The motion may be on any general matter\",\r\n      \"The motion may raise a question of privilege\",\r\n      \"The motion may anticipate a matter which has been previously appointed for consideration\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Not more than one matter can be discussed on the same motion<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 58 (Restrictions on right to move motion):<\/b> \"The right to move the adjournment of the House for the purpose of discussing a definite matter of urgent public importance shall be subject to the following restrictions, namely:\u2014<br>\r\n<i>(i) not more than one such motion shall be made at the same sitting;<\/i><br>\r\n<i>(ii) not more than one matter shall be discussed on the same motion;<\/i><br>\r\n<i>(iii) the motion shall be restricted to a specific matter of recent occurrence involving responsibility of the Government of India;<\/i><br>\r\n<i>(iv) the motion shall not raise a question of privilege;<\/i><br>\r\n<i>(v) the motion shall not revive discussion on a matter which has been discussed in the same session;<\/i><br>\r\n<i>(vi) the motion shall not anticipate a matter, which has been previously appointed for consideration...<\/i>\"<br><br>\r\nOption A restates clause (ii). Options B, C and D are each barred by clauses (iii), (iv) and (vi) respectively.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 2,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business',\r\n    question: \"Which of the statements given below is\/are correct?<br>1. A private member in Parliament may be from the ruling party also<br>2. Private members bills\/resolutions is discussed in the Parliament from 3.30 pm to 6.00 pm everyday during session period<br>3. Money bills cannot be initiated by a private member\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> <b>Rule 2 (Definitions):<\/b> <i>\"'private member' means a member other than a Minister\"<\/i> \u2014 so a member of the ruling party who is not a Minister is also a private member.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT.<\/b> <b>Rule 26:<\/b> <i>\"The last two and a half hours of a sitting on Friday shall be allotted for the transaction of private members' business...\"<\/i> \u2014 it is the last 2\u00bd hours of a Friday sitting, not 3:30-6:00 pm every day.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT.<\/b> A Money Bill needs the President's recommendation and can be introduced only on that recommendation (Article 117(1) \/ Article 110); a private member cannot initiate it.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 4,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure',\r\n    question: \"In which among the following situations division in the House is essential?<br>1. Passing of a money bill<br>2. Passing of any resolution of national importance<br>3. Amending the Constitution<br>4. Passing no confidence motion\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"3 and 4 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 3 and 4 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>3. Constitutional Amendment \u2014 division ESSENTIAL.<\/b> A special majority must be verified. <b>Rule 158(1):<\/b> <i>\"Voting shall be by division whenever a motion has to be carried by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>4. No-Confidence Motion \u2014 division ESSENTIAL<\/b> by convention, so the vote is recorded.<br><br>\r\n<b>1 & 2. NOT essential.<\/b> An ordinary decision is taken first by voice vote. <b>Rule 367(1)-(2):<\/b> <i>\"On the conclusion of a debate, the Speaker shall put the question and invite those who are in favour of the motion to say 'Aye' and those against the motion to say 'No'. The Speaker shall then say: 'I think the Ayes (or the Noes...) have it'. If the opinion of the Speaker as to the decision of a question is not challenged, the Speaker shall say twice: 'The Ayes (or the Noes...) have it' and the question before the House shall be determined accordingly.\"<\/i> Division follows only if the voices are challenged (Rule 367(3)).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 5,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: Questions',\r\n    question: \"Which one among the following statements about raising of questions by Member of Parliament in the House is not correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Only those questions which were listed for the day can be asked by the members of the House\",\r\n      \"Every member whose name appears in the list can ask two supplementary questions\",\r\n      \"Starred questions are printed in white paper and replies are always given in writing\",\r\n      \"Reply to the Unstarred questions are not discussed in the House\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nA starred question requires an <i>oral<\/i> answer (and is printed on green paper), not a written one. <b>Rule 36 (Starred questions):<\/b> <i>\"A member who desires an oral answer to one's question shall distinguish it by an asterisk. If the member does not distinguish it by an asterisk, the question shall be placed on the list of questions for written answer.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe other statements are correct:<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 46:<\/b> <i>\"Questions for oral answers shall be called ... in the order in which they stand on the list ...\"<\/i><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 50(1):<\/b> <i>\"The member in whose name a question is listed for oral answer or any other member, when called by the Speaker, may ask a supplementary question for the purpose of further elucidating any matter of fact regarding which an answer has been given.\"<\/i><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 39(1):<\/b> an unstarred (written-answer) question's answer <i>\"shall be deemed to have been laid on the Table at the end of the Question Hour\"<\/i> \u2014 there is no discussion on it.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 6,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure',\r\n    question: \"Which among the following actions may be initiated by the Speaker in the event of grave disorder occasioned by a member coming into the Well of the House or abusing the rules of the House persistently and wilfully obstructing the business by shouting slogans or otherwise?<br>1. Such member may be suspended from the House for five consecutive sittings or for the remainder of the session, whichever is less<br>2. The Speaker may adjourn or suspend the business of the House in case of grave disorder<br>3. The Speaker may direct the member to withdraw from the House<br>4. The Speaker may send the member to judicial custody\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>1. Automatic suspension \u2014 CORRECT. Rule 374A(1):<\/b> <i>\"Notwithstanding anything contained in rules 373 and 374, in the event of grave disorder occasioned by a member coming into the well of the House or abusing the Rules of the House persistently and wilfully obstructing its business by shouting slogans or otherwise, such member shall, on being named by the Speaker, stand automatically suspended from the service of the House for five consecutive sittings or the remainder of the session, whichever is less...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>2. Adjournment\/suspension of sitting \u2014 CORRECT. Rule 375:<\/b> <i>\"In the case of a grave disorder arising in the House, the Speaker, may if thinks it necessary to do so, adjourn the House or suspend any sitting for a time to be named by the Speaker.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>3. Direction to withdraw \u2014 CORRECT. Rule 373:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker, if is of the opinion that the conduct of any member is grossly disorderly, may direct such member to withdraw immediately from the House...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>4. Judicial custody \u2014 INCORRECT.<\/b> The Speaker has no such power; committing a person to judicial custody is a judicial function.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 7,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: Half-an-Hour Discussions',\r\n    question: \"Which one among the following statements regarding Half-an-hour discussions in Lok Sabha is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Speaker may allot half-an-hour every day during the session\",\r\n      \"A member wishing to raise a matter shall give notice to the Secretary General in writing\",\r\n      \"There shall be a formal motion before the House\",\r\n      \"Notice for Half-an-hour discussion can be given on any matter whether it is a subject of a recent occurrence or not\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Written notice to the Secretary-General.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(2):<\/b> <i>\"A member wishing to raise a matter shall give notice in writing to the Secretary-General three days in advance of the day on which the matter is desired to be raised, and shall shortly specify the point or points such member wishes to raise...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe others are wrong:<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 55(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may allot half an hour on three sittings in a week ...\"<\/i> \u2014 not every day.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 55(5):<\/b> <i>\"There shall be no formal motion before the House nor voting ...\"<\/i><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 55(1)<\/b> requires a matter <i>\"of sufficient public importance which has been the subject of a recent question ...\"<\/i> \u2014 not any matter.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 8,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements is\/are correct?<br>1. All communications from Ministers and all suggestions, memoranda and representations received from various quarters in respect of matters pending before a Parliamentary Committee are addressed to the Speaker<br>2. The Secretary General of Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha is empowered to fix the date and time of a sitting of a Parliamentary Committee if the Chairman of that Committee is not readily available\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT.<\/b> Communications on matters pending before a Committee are addressed to the Chairperson of that Committee, not to the Speaker.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 264:<\/b> <i>\"The sittings of a Committee shall be held on such days and at such hour as the Chairperson of the Committee may fix: Provided that if the Chairperson of the Committee is not readily available, the Secretary-General may fix the date and time of a sitting ...\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 9,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following is the order of precedence with respect to Private Members' Bills?<br>1. Bills which have been passed by Council of States and transmitted to Lok Sabha<br>2. Bills which have been passed by the Lok Sabha and returned by the Council of States with amendment<br>3. Bills returned by the President with a message under Article 111 of the Constitution<br>4. Bills in respect of which the motion is that leave be granted to introduce the Bill\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1-2-3-4\",\r\n      \"4-3-2-1\",\r\n      \"2-1-3-4\",\r\n      \"4-2-3-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 4-3-2-1<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 27(1):<\/b> <i>\"On a day allotted for the disposal of private members' Bills, such Bills shall have relative precedence in the following order, namely:\u2014<br>\r\n(a) Bills in respect of which the motion is that leave be granted to introduce the Bill;<br>\r\n(b) Bills returned by the President with a message under article 111 of the Constitution;<br>\r\n(c) Bills which have been passed by the House and returned by the Council with amendments;<br>\r\n(d) Bills which have been passed by the Council and transmitted to the House; ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo: Item 4 \u2192 (a); Item 3 \u2192 (b); Item 2 \u2192 (c); Item 1 \u2192 (d), giving the order <b>4-3-2-1<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 10,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: Sittings of the House',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements regarding Quorum during the sitting of Lok Sabha is not correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Quorum to constitute a sitting of the House is one-fifth of the total number of members of the House\",\r\n      \"The Speaker presumes that there is Quorum throughout the sitting until his attention is invited to the lack of Quorum\",\r\n      \"Objection to lack of Quorum once raised by a member cannot be withdrawn\",\r\n      \"Due to lack of Quorum the Speaker may adjourn the House\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe quorum is one-<b>tenth<\/b>, not one-fifth. <b>Article 100(3) of the Constitution:<\/b> <i>\"Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the quorum to constitute a meeting of either House of Parliament shall be one-tenth of the total number of members of the House.\"<\/i> (\u2248 55 members for the Lok Sabha, not 110.)<br><br>\r\nThe other statements reflect settled practice: the Speaker presumes quorum unless attention is drawn to its absence, the objection once raised is not withdrawn, and the Speaker may adjourn\/suspend the sitting for want of quorum.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 11,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements is\/are correct?<br>1. The Speaker holds office from the date of his election till immediately before the first meeting of Lok Sabha after the dissolution of the one to which he was elected<br>2. The Speaker cannot delegate his functions to the Deputy Speaker during his absence from the station or during his illness<br>3. The Speaker may resign his office by writing under his hand to the President\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Article 94(a):<\/b> the Speaker vacates office <i>\"immediately before the first meeting of the House of the People after the dissolution\"<\/i> \u2014 ensuring continuity.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> The Speaker does not \"delegate\"; the Deputy Speaker (or a Panel member) presides in the Speaker's absence and, while presiding, has the Speaker's powers. <b>Rule 10:<\/b> <i>\"The Deputy Speaker or any other member competent to preside over a sitting of the House under the Constitution or these rules shall, when so presiding, have the same powers as the Speaker when so presiding ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT. Article 94(b):<\/b> the Speaker resigns <i>\"by writing under his hand addressed to the Deputy Speaker\"<\/i> \u2014 not to the President.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 12,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 25: Secret Sitting of the House',\r\n    question: \"Which one among the following statements regarding secret sitting of Parliament is true?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"It is a constitutional provision\",\r\n      \"The provision for secret sitting is available only for Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"The secret sitting is fixed by the President of India\",\r\n      \"In the history of independent India no secret sitting was held in Lok Sabha\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) No secret sitting has been held in the Lok Sabha.<\/b><br><br>\r\nSince 1947 no secret sitting has been held in either House.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 248(1):<\/b> <i>\"On a request made by the Leader of the House, the Speaker shall fix a day or part thereof for sitting of the House in secret.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 249:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may cause a report of the proceedings of a secret sitting to be issued in such manner as the Speaker thinks fit, but no other person present shall keep a note or record of any proceedings or decisions of a secret sitting ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nHence B is wrong (available to both Houses) and C is wrong (fixed by the Speaker on the Leader of the House's request, not the President).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 13,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 20: Privileges',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following are the essential conditions which govern the right of a Member to raise a question of privilege in Parliament?<br>1. Not more than one question shall be raised at same sitting<br>2. The question shall be restricted to specific matter of recent occurrence<br>3. The matter requires the intervention of the House\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 224 (Admissibility of questions of privilege):<\/b> <i>\"The right to raise a question of privilege shall be governed by the following conditions, namely:\u2014<br>\r\n(i) not more than one question shall be raised at the same sitting;<br>\r\n(ii) the question shall be restricted to a specific matter of recent occurrence; and<br>\r\n(iii) the matter requires the intervention of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSupporting rules: <b>Rule 222:<\/b> <i>\"A member may, with the consent of the Speaker, raise a question involving a breach of privilege ...\"<\/i>; <b>Rule 223:<\/b> <i>\"A member wishing to raise a question of privilege shall give notice in writing to the Secretary-General by 10.00 hours on the day the question is proposed to be raised ...\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 14,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: Summons to Members, Seating, Oath or Affirmation and Roll of Members',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. A member of Parliament becomes eligible for remuneration from the date of taking the oath\/affirmation<br>2. A member of Parliament can take part in the proceedings of the House only after taking the oath\/affirmation<br>3. A member of Parliament becomes eligible for parliamentary privileges from the date of taking the oath\/affirmation<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT.<\/b> Salary is payable from the date of election (Salary, Allowances and Pension of Members of Parliament Act, 1954), not from the date of oath.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Article 99:<\/b> <i>\"Every member of either House of Parliament shall, before taking his seat, make and subscribe before the President, or some person appointed in that behalf by him, an oath or affirmation ...\"<\/i>; and <b>Rule 5:<\/b> <i>\"A member who has not already made and subscribed an oath or affirmation, in pursuance of article 99 of the Constitution, may do so at the commencement of a sitting of the House, or at any other time of the sitting of the House, as the Speaker may direct ...\"<\/i> A member may take his seat and participate only after the oath.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT.<\/b> Privileges attach from the date of election (Article 105), not from oath.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2012-13 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 19,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 13: Resolutions',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements regarding resolutions in the Lok Sabha is\/are correct?<br>1. A private member who wishes to move a resolution on a day allotted for private members' resolution shall give notice at least three days before the date of ballot.<br>2. Notice of the resolution shall be clearly and precisely expressed.<br>3. A member cannot authorize any other member to move the resolution on his behalf.<br>4. A member may raise substantially any number of issues.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT. Rule 170:<\/b> <i>\"A member other than a Minister who wishes to move a resolution on a day allotted for private members' resolutions, shall give a notice to that effect at least two days before the date of ballot ...\"<\/i> \u2014 two days, not three.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 173:<\/b> <i>\"In order that a resolution may be admissible, it shall satisfy the following conditions, namely:\u2014 (i) it shall be clearly and precisely expressed; (ii) it shall raise substantially one definite issue; ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT. Rule 176(2):<\/b> <i>\"A member may, with the permission of the Speaker, authorise any other member, in whose name the same resolution stands lower in the list of business, to move it on her or his behalf ...\"<\/i> \u2014 a member CAN authorise another.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4: INCORRECT. Rule 173(ii):<\/b> a resolution <i>\"shall raise substantially one definite issue\"<\/i> \u2014 only one, not any number.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 20,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following items in the List of Business of the Lok Sabha and arrange them as per approved order:<br>1. Obituary reference of sitting\/ex MPs<br>2. Oath\/Affirmation by newly elected members<br>3. Introduction of new members in the Council of Ministers to the House<br>4. Question Hour\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1-2-3-4\",\r\n      \"2-3-1-4\",\r\n      \"2-1-3-4\",\r\n      \"4-1-2-3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2-3-1-4<\/b><br><br>\r\nApproved order of business: Oath\/Affirmation \u2192 Introduction of Ministers \u2192 Obituary references \u2192 Question Hour.<br><br>\r\n<b>1st: Oath\/Affirmation (Item 2). Rule 5:<\/b> <i>\"A member who has not already made and subscribed an oath or affirmation, in pursuance of article 99 of the Constitution, may do so at the commencement of a sitting of the House ...\"<\/i> \u2014 this precedes taking the seat and all other business.<br><br>\r\n<b>2nd: Introduction of Ministers (Item 3)<\/b> \u2014 by convention, immediately after oaths.<br><br>\r\n<b>3rd: Obituary references (Item 1)<\/b> \u2014 condolence references as a mark of respect.<br><br>\r\n<b>4th: Question Hour (Item 4). Rule 32:<\/b> <i>\"Unless the Speaker otherwise directs, the first hour of every sitting shall be available for the asking and answering of questions.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 21,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding 'zero hour' in the Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha:<br>1. This term does not find any mention in the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business or in the Constitution of India.<br>2. A number of members raise their matters of urgent public importance at 12:00 noon in the House which has been termed as zero hour.<br>3. Proceedings of zero hour are not recorded in the House.<br>4. A written reply is given to the member by the concerned Minister for the matter raised during zero hour.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2\",\r\n      \"3 and 4\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> \"Zero Hour\" is not defined in the Rules of Procedure or in the Constitution; it is an informal device evolved through practice. The nearest codified device for raising a matter is <b>Rule 377:<\/b> <i>\"A member who wishes to bring to the notice of the House a matter which is not a point of order, shall give notice in writing to the Secretary-General ... The member shall be permitted to raise it only after the Speaker has given the consent ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> It begins around 12:00 noon, after the Question Hour ends.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT.<\/b> Zero Hour proceedings ARE recorded in the official debates.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4: INCORRECT.<\/b> A Minister is under no obligation to reply; there is no formal reply mechanism (unlike Questions or Calling Attention).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 22,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: Half-an-Hour Discussions',\r\n    question: \"Which one among the following statements regarding Half-an-Hour Discussion in the Lok Sabha is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Speaker may allot half-an-hour on three sittings in a week for raising discussions on matter of sufficient public importance\",\r\n      \"Half-an-hour discussion is held everyday in the House followed by a statement by the concerned Minister\",\r\n      \"Half-an-hour discussion has to be completed by voting\",\r\n      \"Half-an-hour discussion is taken up at 2:00 PM in the House\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) The Speaker may allot half-an-hour on three sittings in a week.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may allot half an hour on three sittings in a week, for raising discussion on a matter of sufficient public importance which has been the subject of a recent question, oral or written, and the answer to which needs elucidation on a matter of fact.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(5):<\/b> <i>\"There shall be no formal motion before the House nor voting. The member who has given notice may make a short statement and the members who have previously intimated to the Speaker may ask a question for the purpose of further elucidating any matter of fact. Thereafter, the Minister shall reply shortly ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTherefore B (not every day), C (no voting) and D (no fixed 2:00 pm slot \u2014 it is taken at the end of the sitting) are wrong.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 23,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 9: Adjournment Motions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements on adjournment motion in the Lok Sabha:<br>1. If objection to leave being granted is taken, the Speaker shall ensure that not less than fifty members rise to support the motion for leave of the House being granted.<br>2. The motion that 'the House do now adjourn' shall be taken up at 16:00 hours or earlier if the Speaker so directs.<br>3. The Speaker shall prescribe the time limit for speeches.<br>4. If the motion is withdrawn after its discussion, the House shall adjourn immediately.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 60(2):<\/b> <i>\"If objection to leave being granted is taken, the Speaker shall request those members who are in favour of leave being granted to rise in their places, and if not less than fifty members rise accordingly, the Speaker shall intimate that leave is granted ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 61:<\/b> <i>\"The motion 'that the House do now adjourn' shall be taken up at 16.00 hours or at an earlier hour if the Speaker, after considering the state of business in the House, so directs.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT. Rule 63:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall prescribe a time limit for speeches.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4: INCORRECT.<\/b> A withdrawn adjournment motion does not cause the House to adjourn; the House adjourns only if the motion is carried.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 24,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 23: Leave of Absence from the Sittings of the House',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements on leave of absence from the sittings of the Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha:<br>1. A member who intends to take leave of absence from the sittings of the House has to give an application in this regard addressed to the Secretary General of the Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha.<br>2. In case of the Lok Sabha, all applications under Rule 242, shall stand referred to the Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT. Rule 242(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member desiring permission of the House to remain absent from the sittings thereof under clause (4) of article 101 of the Constitution shall make an application in writing to the Speaker.\"<\/i> \u2014 addressed to the Speaker, not the Secretary-General.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 243:<\/b> <i>\"All applications under rule 242 shall stand referred to the Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n(Also, <b>Rule 242(2)<\/b> proviso: <i>\"... leave of absence applied for at any one time shall not exceed a period of sixty days.\"<\/i>)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 27,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons',\r\n    question: \"What is meant by the term 'Panel of Chairmen' in the Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The members selected as Chairmen of various Parliamentary Committees\",\r\n      \"Members nominated by the Speaker\/Chairman to preside over the House, when required to do so\",\r\n      \"Chairmen of Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n      \"Selected few to send as heads of parliamentary delegations abroad\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Members nominated to preside over the House when required.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 9(1):<\/b> <i>\"At the commencement of the House or from time to time, as the case may be, the Speaker shall nominate from amongst the members a panel of not more than ten Chairpersons, anyone of whom may preside over the House in the absence of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker when so requested by the Speaker or, in the absence of the Speaker, by the Deputy Speaker.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 10:<\/b> a Panel member, when presiding, <i>\"shall ... have the same powers as the Speaker when so presiding ...\"<\/i> The Panel is for presiding over sittings \u2014 not for chairing Committees or leading delegations.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 28,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 16: Calling Attention',\r\n    question: \"What is meant by 'Calling Attention Notice' in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A notice given by a Member to call the attention of the Speaker to a matter of urgent public importance\",\r\n      \"A notice given by a Member to call the attention of the Minister concerned to a matter of urgent public importance\",\r\n      \"A notice given by a Member to call the attention of the Union Government on a matter of national importance\",\r\n      \"A notice given by a Member to call the attention of the Prime Minister on a matter in the Concurrent List\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) A notice to call the Minister's attention to a matter of urgent public importance.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 197(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member may, with the previous permission of the Speaker, call the attention of a Minister to any matter of urgent public importance and the Minister may make a brief statement or ask for time to make a statement at a later hour or date: Provided that no member shall give more than two such notices for any one sitting.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 197(2):<\/b> <i>\"There shall be no debate on such statement at the time it is made but each member in whose name the item stands in the list of business may, with the permission of the Speaker, ask a clarificatory question and the Minister shall reply at the end to all such questions: Provided that names of not more than five members shall be shown in the list of business.\"<\/i> The attention is that of the Minister, with the Speaker's prior permission \u2014 no debate, only clarificatory questions.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 29,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Rajya Sabha',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements on 'special mention' in the Rajya Sabha:<br>1. Unless the Chairman otherwise directs, no member shall make more than one special mention during a week.<br>2. The total number of special mentions to be admitted for a day shall not ordinarily exceed seven.<br>3. Unless the Chairman otherwise directs, no member shall make two special mentions per day.<br>4. The total number of special mentions to be admitted for a day shall not ordinarily exceed twenty.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\nSpecial Mention is now codified in the Rajya Sabha Rules (9th Edn) at Rules 180A-180E.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. RS Rule 180D(1):<\/b> <i>\"Unless the Chairman otherwise directs, no member shall make more than one Special Mention during a week.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. RS Rule 180D(2):<\/b> <i>\"Total number of Special Mentions to be admitted for a day shall not ordinarily exceed seven.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT.<\/b> The limit is one per week (not two per day).<br>\r\n<b>Statement 4: INCORRECT.<\/b> The daily ceiling is seven, not twenty.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 30,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 22: Resignation and Vacation of Seats in the House',\r\n    question: \"Under Article 101(3)(b) of the Constitution of India, an MP can resign his seat in the Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha. Which of the following statements are true about the resignation?<br>1. An MP has to resign by writing under his hand addressed to the Speaker\/Chairman.<br>2. No reason may be appended to such resignation.<br>3. The Speaker\/Chairman after making enquiry and satisfied that the resignation is voluntary and genuine shall accept the resignation.<br>4. A resignation cannot be withdrawn by the Member after it is accepted by the Speaker\/Chairman.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Article 101(3)(b):<\/b> a member may resign <i>\"by writing under his hand addressed to the Chairman or the Speaker, as the case may be.\"<\/i> <b>Rule 240(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member who desires to resign one's seat in the House shall intimate in writing under one's own hand addressed to the Speaker, such intention to resign the seat ... and shall not give any reason for the resignation ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> Same Rule 240(1) proviso: <i>\"Provided that where any member gives any reason or introduces any extraneous matter the Speaker may while exercising discretion omit such words, phrases or matter ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT.<\/b> Where the letter is received by post or through another person, the Speaker may make a summary enquiry and, if not satisfied that it is voluntary and genuine, shall not accept it (Rule 240(1B)).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4: CORRECT.<\/b> A member may withdraw the letter only before it is accepted (Rule 240(1C)); once accepted, it is final.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 31,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements on Parliamentary Committees:<br>1. The quorum of a Committee shall be five.<br>2. The report of a Committee may be either preliminary or final.<br>3. Provided that where the Rajya Sabha has not fixed any time for the presentation of the report, the report shall be presented within one month of the date on which reference to the Committee was made.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT. Rule 259(1):<\/b> <i>\"The quorum to constitute a sitting of a Committee shall be, as near as may be, one-third of the total number of members of the Committee.\"<\/i> \u2014 one-third, not a fixed five.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> A Committee may present a preliminary (interim) or a final report.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT.<\/b> Where no time has been fixed for presentation, the report is to be presented within one month of the date of reference.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 34,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"What is meant by the term 'Well of the House' in parliamentary parlance?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The place around the Table of the Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha Chamber\",\r\n      \"Members' Lobbies in the Parliament House\",\r\n      \"The Central Hall in the Parliament House\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) The place around the Table of the Chamber.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe \"Well of the House\" is the open space between the front benches and the Table of the House in the Chamber. Members are not to enter it; entering the Well is treated as grave disorder and can attract automatic suspension under <b>Rule 374A(1)<\/b>, which speaks of <i>\"a member coming into the well of the House ...\"<\/i> This is a term of parliamentary usage rather than a defined term in Rule 2.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 35,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 20: Privileges',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. A Member of the Parliament committing a criminal offence and taking asylum in the precincts of the Parliament House can be arrested with the permission of the Speaker.<br>2. A Member of the Parliament's arrest has to be communicated to the Speaker\/Chairman immediately.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 232:<\/b> <i>\"No arrest shall be made within the precincts of the House without obtaining the permission of the Speaker.\"<\/i> (and <b>Rule 233:<\/b> <i>\"A legal process, civil or criminal, shall not be served within the precincts of the House without obtaining the permission of Speaker.\"<\/i>) Privilege does not shield a criminal act, but arrest within the precincts needs the Speaker's permission.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 229:<\/b> <i>\"When a member is arrested on a criminal charge or for a criminal offence or is sentenced to imprisonment by a court or is detained under an executive order, the committing judge, magistrate or executive authority, as the case may be, shall immediately intimate such fact to the Speaker ...\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 36,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements relating to Business Advisory Committee of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. The Speaker acts as its Chairman.<br>2. The Deputy Speaker acts as its Chairman.<br>3. It allocates time for various Bills and determines priority of items to be discussed in the House.<br>4. Its Chairman is nominated by the Speaker.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 287:<\/b> <i>\"... the Speaker may nominate a Committee called the Business Advisory Committee consisting of not more than fifteen members including the Speaker who shall be the Chairperson of the Committee.\"<\/i> \u2014 the Speaker is ex-officio Chairperson.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT.<\/b> Not the Deputy Speaker.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT. Rule 288(1)-(2):<\/b> <i>\"It shall be the function of the Committee to recommend the time that should be allocated for the discussion of the stage or stages of such Government Bills and other business ... The Committee shall have the power to indicate in the proposed time-table the different hours at which the various stages of the Bill or other business shall be completed.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4: INCORRECT.<\/b> The Chairperson is the Speaker ex-officio; not separately nominated.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 37,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Which one among the following statements relating to Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House in the Lok Sabha is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Committee examines the case where a Member has been absent for a period of sixty days without permission\",\r\n      \"The Committee can recommend leave for less than seventy-five days\",\r\n      \"The Committee can grant leave on the verbal request of a Member\",\r\n      \"The Committee meeting is held in camera\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) It examines a case of 60 days' absence without permission.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 326(1):<\/b> <i>\"The functions of the Committee shall be:\u2014 (i) to consider all applications from members for leave of absence from the sittings of the House; and (ii) to examine every case where a member has been absent for a period of sixty days or more, without permission, from the sittings of the House and to report whether the absence should be condoned or circumstances of the case justify that the House should declare the seat of the member vacant.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis tracks <b>Article 101(4):<\/b> <i>\"If for a period of sixty days a member of either House of Parliament is without permission of the House absent from all meetings thereof, the House may declare his seat vacant ...\"<\/i> A written application (Rule 242(1)) is required, not a verbal request.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 39,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding powers of the Speaker\/Chairman:<br>1. He can suspend a member if he willfully disrupts and impedes the proceedings of the House.<br>2. He can adjourn the sitting of the House.<br>3. He can summon and prorogue the House.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 374A(1):<\/b> <i>\"... in the event of grave disorder ... such member shall, on being named by the Speaker, stand automatically suspended from the service of the House for five consecutive sittings or the remainder of the session, whichever is less ...\"<\/i> (also Rule 374 for suspension on a motion).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 375:<\/b> <i>\"In the case of a grave disorder arising in the House, the Speaker, may if thinks it necessary to do so, adjourn the House or suspend any sitting ...\"<\/i> (and Rule 15 for ordinary adjournment).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT. Article 85(1):<\/b> <i>\"The President shall from time to time summon each House of Parliament ...\"<\/i> and <b>Article 85(2)(a):<\/b> <i>\"The President may from time to time prorogue the Houses ...\"<\/i> \u2014 summoning and prorogation are the President's functions, not the Speaker's.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2014 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 74,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements relating to the Committee on Absence of Members from the sittings of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. The Committee recommends to the House the period of leave to be granted to the Member.<br>2. The Committee grants leave to the Member.<br>3. This is a Standing Parliamentary Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 326(1):<\/b> <i>\"The functions of the Committee shall be:\u2014 (i) to consider all applications from members for leave of absence from the sittings of the House; and (ii) to examine every case where a member has been absent for a period of sixty days or more, without permission ... and to report whether the absence should be condoned ...\"<\/i>; and <b>Rule 327<\/b> takes the pleasure of the House where leave is recommended \u2014 the Committee only recommends.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT.<\/b> The Committee does not grant leave; the House does, on the Committee's recommendation.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT. Rule 325:<\/b> <i>\"The Committee on Absence of Members from the sittings of the House shall consist of fifteen members nominated by the Speaker and shall hold office for a term not exceeding one year.\"<\/i> \u2014 a Standing Committee.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 75,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"The term of office of members of the Committee on Public Accounts of the Parliament is for\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"five years\",\r\n      \"one year\",\r\n      \"two years\",\r\n      \"three years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) one year<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 309(2):<\/b> <i>\"The term of office of members of the Committee shall not exceed one year.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n(Constitution \u2014 <b>Rule 309(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Committee shall consist of not more than 22 members comprising 15 members who shall be elected by the House every year ... and not more than 7 members of Rajya Sabha to be nominated by that House ...\"<\/i>)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 77,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Public Accounts consists of\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"15 members from the Lok Sabha and 7 members from the Rajya Sabha\",\r\n      \"20 members from the Lok Sabha and 20 members from the Rajya Sabha\",\r\n      \"20 members from the Lok Sabha and 10 members from the Rajya Sabha\",\r\n      \"30 members from the Lok Sabha and 15 members from the Rajya Sabha\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 15 from the Lok Sabha and 7 from the Rajya Sabha.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 309(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Committee shall consist of not more than 22 members comprising 15 members who shall be elected by the House every year from amongst its members according to the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote and not more than 7 members of Rajya Sabha to be nominated by that House for being associated with the Committee ...\"<\/i> (15 elected by Lok Sabha + 7 nominated by Rajya Sabha = 22).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 78,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements about Departmentally Related Standing Committees of the Parliament is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"They are chaired by the Minister-in-Charge of the Department concerned\",\r\n      \"Some of these Committees are serviced by the Lok Sabha Secretariat, while others are serviced by the Rajya Sabha Secretariat\",\r\n      \"The term of the members of these Committees is coterminous with their term as a Member of the Parliament\",\r\n      \"The Demands for Grants of a Ministry\/Department must be examined by the related Committee before it is presented to the Parliament\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Some are serviced by the Lok Sabha Secretariat, others by the Rajya Sabha Secretariat.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 331J:<\/b> <i>\"Except for matters for which special provision is made ... the general rules applicable to other Parliamentary Committees in Rajya Sabha shall apply mutatis mutandis to the Standing Committees specified in Part-I of the Fifth Schedule and the general rules applicable to other Parliamentary Committees in Lok Sabha shall apply to Standing Committees as specified in Part-II of the Schedule.\"<\/i> (Part-I committees are chaired\/serviced on the Rajya Sabha side, Part-II on the Lok Sabha side.)<br><br>\r\nOthers wrong: <b>Rule 331D(2):<\/b> <i>\"A Minister shall not be nominated as a member of the Committee ...\"<\/i> (so not chaired by a Minister); <b>Rule 331D(4):<\/b> <i>\"The term of office of the members of the Committees shall not exceed one year.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 80,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"The Chairman of the Committee on Public Accounts is\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"appointed by the Speaker from amongst the members of the Lok Sabha elected to the Committee\",\r\n      \"appointed by the Vice President from amongst the members of the Rajya Sabha only appointed by the President\",\r\n      \"from amongst the members of either the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha\",\r\n      \"elected by the members of the Committee\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Appointed by the Speaker from amongst the Lok Sabha members elected to the Committee.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 258(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Chairperson of a Committee shall be appointed by the Speaker from amongst members of the Committee: Provided that the Deputy Speaker, in case is a member of the Committee, shall be appointed as Chairperson of the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nBy convention the PAC Chairperson is drawn from the Opposition, appointed by the Speaker from amongst the Lok Sabha members of the Committee.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 82,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements about Motion of Thanks to President's Address to the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha:<br>1. Notices of amendments to Motion of Thanks to President's Address can be tabled after the motion has been moved in the House.<br>2. Amendments may refer to matters which the Address has failed to mention.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT.<\/b> Notice of amendments must be given in advance, before the Motion is moved \u2014 not after.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 18:<\/b> <i>\"Amendments may be moved to such Motion of Thanks in such form as may be considered appropriate by the Speaker.\"<\/i> The wide form permitted allows amendments to point to matters the Address omitted. (<b>Rule 17:<\/b> <i>\"... the House shall be at liberty to discuss the matters referred to in such Address on a Motion of Thanks moved by a member and seconded by another member.\"<\/i>)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 83,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements about Private Members' Business in the Lok Sabha:<br>1. Every Member of the Parliament other than a Minister is called a Private Member and he can introduce Private Members' Bill.<br>2. The last two and half hours of a sitting of every Friday during session are generally allotted for transaction of Private Members' Business.<br>3. A Private Member cannot introduce Constitutional Amendment Bill.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 2:<\/b> <i>\"'private member' means a member other than a Minister\"<\/i> \u2014 any non-Minister MP may introduce a private member's Bill.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 26:<\/b> <i>\"The last two and a half hours of a sitting on Friday shall be allotted for the transaction of private members' business ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT.<\/b> A private member CAN introduce a Constitution Amendment Bill \u2014 <b>Rule 294(1)(a):<\/b> <i>\"to examine every Bill seeking to amend the Constitution notice of which has been given by a private member, before a motion for leave to introduce the Bill is included in the list of business\"<\/i> \u2014 which presumes private members may bring such Bills (subject to Committee examination).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 84,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Who is the Chairman of the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Speaker\",\r\n      \"The Deputy Speaker\",\r\n      \"A Member elected by the members of the Committee from amongst its members\",\r\n      \"A Member appointed by the Deputy Speaker\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) The Deputy Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 258(1)<\/b> proviso: <i>\"Provided that the Deputy Speaker, in case is a member of the Committee, shall be appointed as Chairperson of the Committee.\"<\/i> The Deputy Speaker is invariably nominated to this Committee (<b>Rule 293:<\/b> <i>\"There shall be a Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions consisting of not more than fifteen members ... nominated by the Speaker ...\"<\/i>) and therefore chairs it.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 85,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Public Accounts cannot call for evidence of\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Representatives of the Ministries\",\r\n      \"Ministers\",\r\n      \"NGOs\",\r\n      \"Experts\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Ministers.<\/b><br><br>\r\nBy a settled convention the Public Accounts Committee does not summon Ministers as witnesses (they are collectively responsible to the House); it examines officials\/Secretaries as departmental witnesses. The general power to take evidence exists \u2014 <b>Rule 302:<\/b> <i>\"A Select Committee may hear expert evidence and representatives of special interests affected by the measure before them.\"<\/i> \u2014 and applies to experts, interest-groups and departmental representatives, but not to calling Ministers before the PAC.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 86,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business',\r\n    question: \"The relative precedence of the Private Members' Bill in a particular category is determined by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Deputy Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Committee on Private Members' Bill\",\r\n      \"ballot\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) ballot.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 27(2):<\/b> <i>\"The relative precedence of Bills falling under the same clause of sub-rule (1) shall be determined by ballot to be held in accordance with the orders made by the Speaker and on such day and in such manner as the Speaker may direct ...\"<\/i> (with provisos for category A \/ category B Bills, whose relative precedence within each category is again determined by ballot).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 89,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements about the Committee on Estimates:<br>1. Members of the Committee are drawn from both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.<br>2. The maximum number of members of the Committee is 30.<br>3. The members are nominated by the Speaker and the Chairman.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 311(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Committee shall consist of not more than thirty members who shall be elected by the House every year from amongst its members according to the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT<\/b> \u2014 Estimates Committee has only Lok Sabha members.<br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT<\/b> \u2014 not more than 30.<br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT<\/b> \u2014 members are elected by the House, not nominated.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 90,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure',\r\n    question: \"In the event of grave disorder occasioned by a member coming to the well of the House or abusing the Rules of the House persistently and willfully obstructing its business, such member shall, on being named by the Speaker, stand automatically suspended from the service of the House for\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"ten consecutive sittings\",\r\n      \"the day\",\r\n      \"two weeks or the remainder of the session whichever is less\",\r\n      \"five consecutive sittings or the remainder of the session whichever is less\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) five consecutive sittings or the remainder of the session, whichever is less.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 374A(1):<\/b> <i>\"... such member shall, on being named by the Speaker, stand automatically suspended from the service of the House for five consecutive sittings or the remainder of the session, whichever is less ...\"<\/i>; <b>Rule 374A(2):<\/b> <i>\"On the Speaker announcing the suspension under this rule, the member shall forthwith withdraw from the precincts of the House.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 91,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"The quorum required to constitute the sittings of a Parliamentary Committee is\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"one-half of the total membership\",\r\n      \"one-third of the total membership\",\r\n      \"one-fourth of the total membership\",\r\n      \"two-third of the total membership\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) one-third of the total membership.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 259(1):<\/b> <i>\"The quorum to constitute a sitting of a Committee shall be, as near as may be, one-third of the total number of members of the Committee.\"<\/i> (Rule 259(2): if there is no quorum, the Chairperson shall suspend the sitting until there is a quorum or adjourn it to a future day.)`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2015 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 94,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements with regard to Business Advisory Committee of Lok Sabha is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Minutes of the Committee are not laid on the Table of the House.\",\r\n      \"Minutes of the Committee are laid on the Table of the House.\",\r\n      \"The Deputy Speaker is the Chairman of the Committee.\",\r\n      \"The Committee undertakes study visits.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Minutes of the Committee are not laid on the Table of the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe BAC works by consensus; only its recommendations (report) are placed before the House, not its minutes. <b>Rule 289:<\/b> <i>\"The recommendations of the Committee shall be presented to the House in the form of a report.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOthers wrong: the <b>Speaker<\/b> chairs it \u2014 <b>Rule 287:<\/b> <i>\"... consisting of not more than fifteen members including the Speaker who shall be the Chairperson of the Committee.\"<\/i> The BAC allocates time for business; it does not undertake study visits.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 95,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. When the report of a Parliamentary Committee is to be presented to the House, an entry is made in the List of Business.<br>2. The Chairman presents the report of a Parliamentary Committee to the Speaker when Lok Sabha is in session.<br>3. The Chairman presents the report of a Parliamentary Committee to the House when Lok Sabha is in session.<br>4. The report of the Public Accounts Committee of Parliament is laid on the Tables of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"3 and 4 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 3 and 4<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> An entry is made in the List of Business on the day of presentation.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT<\/b> and <b>Statement 3: CORRECT. Rule 279(1):<\/b> <i>\"The report of a Committee shall be presented to the House by the Chairperson or in the absence of the Chairperson by any member of the Committee.\"<\/i> \u2014 presented to the House, not to the Speaker (when the House is in session).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4: CORRECT.<\/b> Since the PAC draws members from both Houses (Rule 309(1): 15 Lok Sabha + 7 Rajya Sabha), its report is laid on the Table of both Houses.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 96,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements with regard to the private members' business in Lok Sabha is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The last two and a half hours on every Friday is allotted to private members' business in Lok Sabha.\",\r\n      \"During private members' business, members can seek clarificatory statement from the ministers on questions raised during question hour.\",\r\n      \"The time for various private members' business is allotted by the Business Advisory Committee.\",\r\n      \"Private members' business is taken up everyday after 3:30 p.m. in Lok Sabha.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) The last two and a half hours on Friday.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 26:<\/b> <i>\"The last two and a half hours of a sitting on Friday shall be allotted for the transaction of private members' business ...\"<\/i> (with provisos allowing the Speaker to allot a different day, or another day if there is no Friday sitting).<br><br>\r\nOthers wrong: option B describes Half-an-Hour Discussion (Rule 55); the time for private members' Bills\/Resolutions is allocated by the <b>Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions<\/b> (Rule 294), not the BAC; and it is on Fridays, not every day after 3:30 pm.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 97,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure',\r\n    question: \"While according permission to treat a paper\/document as laid on the Table of Lok Sabha, the Speaker is not guided by which one of the following?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"That matter contained in the paper or document was in some way connected with business then before the Houses\",\r\n      \"That the document contained facts and was propagandist in nature\",\r\n      \"That the document was original and authentic\",\r\n      \"That the document contained nothing which was against the wider interest of the nation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) That the document contained facts and was propagandist in nature \u2014 NOT a guiding criterion.<\/b><br><br>\r\nWhen permitting a paper to be laid, the Speaker looks to whether it is connected with the business before the House, whether it is original and authentic, and whether it is against the wider national interest. A propagandist document would be refused \u2014 so \"propagandist in nature\" is not a criterion that guides the Speaker (it is a ground for rejection).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 382(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may authorise printing, publication, distribution or sale of any paper, document or report in connection with the business of the House or any paper, document or report laid on the table or presented to the House or a Committee thereof.\"<\/i> (See also Rules 368-370 on papers laid on the Table.)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 98,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 15: Short Duration Discussions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding short duration discussion in Lok Sabha:<br>1. Notice to raise a short duration discussion can be given in writing, addressed to the Prime Minister.<br>2. Notice to raise a short duration discussion is to be given in writing, addressed to the Secretary General.<br>3. Notices for raising short duration discussion can be laid on the Table of the House.<br>4. Notice for short duration discussion should be accompanied by an explanatory note.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4\",\r\n      \"2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 2 and 4 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 193:<\/b> <i>\"Any member desirous of raising discussion on a matter of urgent public importance may give notice in writing to the Secretary-General specifying clearly and precisely the matter to be raised: Provided that the notice shall be accompanied by an explanatory note stating reasons for raising discussion on the matter in question: Provided further that the notice shall be supported by the signatures of at least two other members.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo the notice is to the Secretary-General (Statement 2 \u2713) and must carry an explanatory note (Statement 4 \u2713). Statement 1 (Prime Minister) and Statement 3 (laid on the Table) are wrong.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 99,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\",\r\n    question: \"After the Motion of Thanks is adopted in Lok Sabha, it is conveyed to the President directly by the\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Speaker\",\r\n      \"Vice President\",\r\n      \"Prime Minister\",\r\n      \"Minister of Parliamentary Affairs\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\nBy parliamentary practice, once the Motion of Thanks on the President's Address (delivered under <b>Article 87(1)<\/b>) is adopted, the Speaker \u2014 as the constitutional head of the House \u2014 conveys the House's gratitude directly to the President. (Chapter V, Rules 16-18, governs the Address and the Motion of Thanks.)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 100,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 14: Motions',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements with regard to Motions in Lok Sabha is not correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Subsidiary Motions do not depend upon or relate to other motions or emerge from some proceedings in the House.\",\r\n      \"Subsidiary Motions are divided into Ancillary Motions, Superseding Motions and Amendments.\",\r\n      \"Ancillary Motions are motions which are recognized by the practice of the House as the regular way of proceedings with various kinds of business.\",\r\n      \"Superseding Motions are moved in the course of the debate on another question and seek to supersede that question.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nBy definition a Subsidiary Motion DOES depend upon, or relate to, another motion or emerge from a proceeding of the House; option A reverses this. Classification of motions (recognised by the practice of the House and Chapter XIV, Rules 184-192): <b>Substantive<\/b> (self-contained), <b>Substitute<\/b>, and <b>Subsidiary<\/b> motions \u2014 the last comprising Ancillary, Superseding and Amendment motions. Options B, C and D correctly describe these categories.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 101,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 14: Motions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements relating to Amendments in Lok Sabha:<br>1. An amendment is a Subsidiary Motion.<br>2. An amendment may relate to a clause of a bill, resolution or motion.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> An amendment is a Subsidiary Motion \u2014 it cannot stand on its own and attaches to the original proposition.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> Amendments may be moved to clauses\/schedules of a Bill (<b>Rule 79<\/b>), to resolutions (<b>Rule 177(1):<\/b> <i>\"After a resolution has been moved any member may, subject to the rules relating to resolutions, move an amendment to the resolution.\"<\/i>) and to motions (Chapter XXVII, Rules 344-347).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 102,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements relating to Lok Sabha:<br>1. A Motion of No-Confidence can be moved only against the Council of Ministers as a whole but not against any individual minister.<br>2. There is nothing in the rule either for or against a Censure Motion being moved against a single minister under rules relating to motions in general.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 198(1):<\/b> <i>\"A motion expressing want of confidence in the Council of Ministers may be made subject to the following restrictions ...\"<\/i> \u2014 it lies only against the Council of Ministers as a whole.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> A Censure Motion is governed by the general rules on motions (Rules 184-192); nothing bars it from being directed at an individual Minister, a group of Ministers or the whole Council.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 103,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 14: Motions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements about No-Day-Yet-Named Motions in Lok Sabha:<br>1. Where notices of a Government motion and a private members' motion are received on the same subject, the Government motion is admitted and the private members' motion is disallowed.<br>2. A copy of the motion is forwarded to the Minister concerned as well as the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> On the same subject, the Government motion is admitted and the private member's motion disallowed (Government business has priority).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT. Rule 189:<\/b> <i>\"If the Speaker admits notice of a motion and no date is fixed for the discussion of such motion, it shall be notified in the Bulletin with the heading: 'No-Day-Yet-Named Motions'.\"<\/i> \u2014 it is merely notified in the Bulletin; it is not forwarded to the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 104,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 14: Motions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements about Censure Motion:<br>1. No leave of the House is required to move a Censure Motion.<br>2. It is in the discretion of the Government to find time and to fix a date for its discussion.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> A Censure Motion needs no leave of the House (unlike a No-Confidence Motion, which needs 50 members to rise under Rule 198(2)); it follows the general rules on motions.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 190:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may, after considering the state of business in the House and in consultation with the Leader of the House or on the recommendation of the Business Advisory Committee allot a day or days or part of a day for the discussion of any such motion.\"<\/i> \u2014 being a No-Day-Yet-Named Motion, the Government (through the Leader of the House) effectively decides when to take it up.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 105,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements relating to grant of leave of the House of the People for moving a No-Confidence Motion:<br>1. The Speaker calls upon members who are in favour of leave being granted to rise in their seats.<br>2. Leave is deemed to be granted by the House if not less than fifty-five members rise.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(2):<\/b> <i>\"If the Speaker is of opinion that the motion is in order, the Speaker shall read the motion to the House and shall request those members who are in favour of leave being granted to rise in their places, and if not less than fifty members rise accordingly, the Speaker shall declare that leave is granted and that the motion will be taken up on such day, not being more than ten days from the date on which the leave is asked for as the Speaker may appoint. If less than fifty members rise, the Speaker shall inform that the member has not the leave of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nStatement 1 matches the rule (members rise in their places). Statement 2 is wrong \u2014 the number is <b>fifty<\/b>, not fifty-five.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 106,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements about statement by a minister who has resigned:<br>1. A member who has resigned the office of minister may, with the consent of the Speaker, make a personal statement in the House in explanation of his resignation.<br>2. No such statement can be made in the House by a minister who is not a Member of Lok Sabha.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 199(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member who has resigned the office of Minister may, with the consent of the Speaker, make a personal statement in explanation of her or his resignation on any day during the session in which the resignation has been accepted by the President ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> The rule speaks of \"a member who has resigned the office of Minister\"; a resigned Minister who is not a member of the Lok Sabha cannot make such a statement in the Lok Sabha.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 107,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements relating to the Chief Whip of Lok Sabha is\/are correct?<br>1. Chief Whip of the Government Party in Lok Sabha is the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs.<br>2. Chief Whip of the Government Party in Lok Sabha is directly responsible to the Speaker.<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 only<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe office of Whip is not a creature of the Rules of Procedure; it is a matter of party organisation and parliamentary practice.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> The Minister of Parliamentary Affairs functions as the Chief Whip of the Government party in the Lok Sabha.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT.<\/b> The Chief Whip is answerable to the party leadership (Prime Minister \/ Leader of the party), not to the Speaker, who is impartial.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 108,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements relating to the Speaker of Lok Sabha are correct?<br>1. He determines whether there is a prima facie case for a matter relating to breach of privilege or contempt of the House.<br>2. He uses his discretion to allot the days and to fix the duration for which the Budget, the Appropriation Bill and the Finance Bill are to be discussed by the House.<br>3. He is the supreme controller of all Parliamentary committees.<br>4. He decides on the admissibility of resolutions and motions.<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 3 and 4 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 222<\/b> (consent of Speaker to raise a privilege question) and <b>Rule 227<\/b> (Speaker may refer a question of privilege to the Committee of Privileges) \u2014 the Speaker decides the prima facie case.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT.<\/b> For financial business the Speaker acts in consultation, not at sole discretion \u2014 cf. <b>Rule 16:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall, in consultation with the Leader of the House, allot time ...\"<\/i> (the same consultative approach governs Budget\/Appropriation\/Finance Bill timetabling).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT. Rule 258(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Chairperson of a Committee shall be appointed by the Speaker from amongst members of the Committee ...\"<\/i> \u2014 the Speaker superintends the Committee system.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4: CORRECT. Rule 187<\/b> (Speaker decides admissibility of motions) and <b>Rule 174<\/b> (Speaker decides admissibility of resolutions).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 111,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is not correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A member who protests against the ruling of the Speaker commits contempt of the House and the Speaker.\",\r\n      \"The Speaker is bound to give reasons for his decisions.\",\r\n      \"Observations made by the Speaker in the House cannot be interpreted in private correspondence.\",\r\n      \"The Speaker is not bound to lay on the Table of the House any communication or representation received by him.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Speaker is not bound to give reasons; the Speaker's decision is final and not open to appeal. <b>Rule 376(3):<\/b> <i>\"... a member may formulate a point of order and the Speaker shall decide whether the point raised is a point of order and if so, the decision of the Speaker thereon, shall be final.\"<\/i>; <b>Rule 378:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall preserve order and shall have all powers necessary for the purpose of enforcing own decisions.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe other statements reflect settled practice and are correct.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2016-17 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 112,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is not correct with regard to quorum of Lok Sabha Parliamentary Committees?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Quorum of the House is one-tenth of the total members of the House.\",\r\n      \"Quorum of a Parliamentary Committee is, as near as may be, one-third of its total members.\",\r\n      \"The House\/Committee cannot commence its sitting without ensuring quorum.\",\r\n      \"Quorum is ensured only when it is pointed out by a member.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nQuorum must exist to constitute the sitting; it is not something \"ensured only when a member points it out.\" <b>Article 100(3):<\/b> <i>\"... the quorum to constitute a meeting of either House of Parliament shall be one-tenth of the total number of members of the House.\"<\/i> (Option A \u2713)<br>\r\n<b>Rule 259(1):<\/b> <i>\"The quorum to constitute a sitting of a Committee shall be, as near as may be, one-third of the total number of members of the Committee.\"<\/i> (Option B \u2713)<br>\r\n<b>Rule 259(2):<\/b> <i>\"If at any time fixed for any sitting of the Committee, or if at any time during any such sitting, there is no quorum, the Chairperson of the Committee shall either suspend the sitting until there is a quorum or adjourn the sitting to some future day.\"<\/i> (Option C \u2713)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 114,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements is\/are correct with regard to the effect of dissolution of Lok Sabha?<br>1. Supplementary Demands for grants do not lapse.<br>2. A motion given in pursuance of Section 3(1) of Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968 for presenting an address to the President praying for removal of a Judge, if admitted, will not lapse on the dissolution of the Lok Sabha.<br>3. Anything said or done during the existence of a House, can be raised as a privilege issue after that House has been dissolved.<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe general rule (Article 107(5)) is that a Bill pending in the Lok Sabha, or passed by the Lok Sabha but pending in the Rajya Sabha, lapses on dissolution; established parliamentary practice (Kaul & Shakdher) settles the rest.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT.<\/b> Supplementary Demands for Grants (financial business) pending at dissolution lapse; they do not survive it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> A motion under Section 3(1) of the Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968 for an address praying for a Judge's removal, once admitted, does not lapse on dissolution \u2014 a special feature of that statutory process, so removal proceedings are not defeated merely by dissolution.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT.<\/b> A breach of privilege relating to a House cannot be raised as a privilege issue once that House has been dissolved. (Note: <b>Rule 336<\/b> preserves a motion\/resolution\/amendment \"moved\" only against <i>prorogation<\/i>, and <b>Rule 284<\/b> protects Committee business only against <i>prorogation<\/i> \u2014 not dissolution.)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 115,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements is\/are correct with regard to Lok Sabha?<br>1. The procedure for summoning of Lok Sabha for an emergency session is generally not same as for a regular session.<br>2. The assurances given by Ministers on the floor of the House, which are pending for implementation are deemed not to lapse on the dissolution of the Lok Sabha.<br>3. Business pending before parliamentary committees of the Lok Sabha do not lapse on dissolution of Lok Sabha.<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT.<\/b> The procedure for summoning the House for an emergency\/special session is essentially the same as for a regular session \u2014 the President summons it under <b>Article 85(1):<\/b> <i>\"The President shall from time to time summon each House of Parliament to meet at such time and place as he thinks fit ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> Assurances given by Ministers that are pending implementation are, by settled practice, deemed not to lapse on dissolution; they carry over and are pursued by the Committee on Government Assurances of the new House.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT.<\/b> Business pending before Parliamentary Committees lapses on dissolution. <b>Rule 284:<\/b> <i>\"Business before Committee not to lapse on prorogation of House\"<\/i> \u2014 the protection is against <i>prorogation<\/i>, not dissolution.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 118,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements with regard to suspension of Members from Lok Sabha is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"In the event of grave disorder occasioned by a Member coming to the well of the House or abusing the rule of the House persistently and willfully obstructing its business he\/she shall stand automatically suspended from the service of the House.\",\r\n      \"In the event of grave disorder occasioned by a Member coming to the well of the House or abusing the rule of the House persistently and willfully obstructing its business he\/she shall stand automatically suspended from the service of the House only after being named by the Speaker.\",\r\n      \"A Member stands automatically suspended from the service of Lok Sabha for a period of 25 days if he\/she comes to the well of the House and willfully and persistently obstructs the business of the House.\",\r\n      \"A Member cannot be suspended automatically from the service of the House even in the event of grave disorder by shouting slogans in the well and obstructing the business of the House.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Automatically suspended only after being named by the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 374A(1):<\/b> <i>\"Notwithstanding anything contained in rules 373 and 374, in the event of grave disorder occasioned by a member coming into the well of the House or abusing the Rules of the House persistently and wilfully obstructing its business by shouting slogans or otherwise, such member shall, on being named by the Speaker, stand automatically suspended from the service of the House for five consecutive sittings or the remainder of the session, whichever is less ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe key words are \"on being named by the Speaker\" \u2014 the automatic suspension is triggered by the naming (so A is incomplete). Option C is wrong (it is five sittings\/remainder of session, not 25 days) and D is wrong (a member can be suspended automatically).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 119,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements regarding Panel of Speaker\/Chairman, Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"It is from the list of Panel of Chairman, Speaker\/Vice President appoints the Chairman of various Parliamentary Committees.\",\r\n      \"Panel of Speaker\/Chairman of Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha is constituted by the President.\",\r\n      \"A member of the Panel of Speaker who presides over the House while both the Speaker and Deputy Speaker are absent has the same powers of the Speaker while presiding over the House.\",\r\n      \"A Panel of Speaker is constituted for each session of Lok Sabha.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) A Panel member presiding has the same powers as the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 10:<\/b> <i>\"The Deputy Speaker or any other member competent to preside over a sitting of the House under the Constitution or these rules shall, when so presiding, have the same powers as the Speaker when so presiding and all references to the Speaker in these rules shall in these circumstances be deemed to be references to any such person so presiding.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOthers wrong: <b>Rule 9(1)<\/b> shows the Panel is nominated by the <b>Speaker<\/b> (not the President), for presiding over the House (not for chairing Committees), <i>\"At the commencement of the House or from time to time\"<\/i> \u2014 not for each session.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 120,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: Summons to Members, Seating, Oath or Affirmation and Roll of Members',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is correct with regard to right of Members before taking oath in Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A Member can resign and seek leave of absence.\",\r\n      \"A Member is entitled to sit and vote in the House.\",\r\n      \"He is not entitled to receive salary.\",\r\n      \"He can be elected or nominated as a Member of a Committee and can function as a Member of such committee.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) A member can resign and seek leave of absence.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>KEY-CONFLICT NOTE:<\/b> This question is identical to Q127 (2016-17). The rule-based correct answer is <b>A<\/b> (as marked for Q127). The original key for this item showed option C; that appears to be an error and has been aligned to A here.<br><br>\r\nBefore oath a member has become a member from the date the result is declared, and may resign (<b>Rule 240(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member who desires to resign one's seat in the House shall intimate in writing under one's own hand addressed to the Speaker ...\"<\/i>) and seek leave of absence (<b>Rule 242(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member desiring permission of the House to remain absent from the sittings thereof under clause (4) of article 101 of the Constitution shall make an application in writing to the Speaker.\"<\/i>).<br><br>\r\nThe others are wrong: before oath a member cannot sit\/vote (<b>Article 99<\/b> bars taking the seat before oath), cannot function on a Committee, and IS entitled to salary (from the date of election) \u2014 so \"not entitled to receive salary\" is a false statement.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 121,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 23: Leave of Absence from the Sittings of the House',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is not correct with regard to leave of absence by MPs?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"If for a period of 60 days, an MP remains absent, without permission of the House, from all meetings thereof, his seat may be declared vacant by the House.\",\r\n      \"In computing the period of sixty days, account is taken of any period during which the House is prorogued or is adjourned.\",\r\n      \"The period of sixty days means a single unbroken period of sixty days.\",\r\n      \"The constitutional provisions are only directory and not mandatory and seat may be declared vacant unless there is a contumacious disregard of duty as an MP.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Article 101(4):<\/b> <i>\"If for a period of sixty days a member of either House of Parliament is without permission of the House absent from all meetings thereof, the House may declare his seat vacant: Provided that in computing the said period of sixty days no account shall be taken of any period during which the House is prorogued or is adjourned for more than four consecutive days.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo in computing the 60 days, <b>no<\/b> account is taken of prorogation or of an adjournment for more than four consecutive days \u2014 option B says the opposite and is therefore incorrect. Options A, C and D correctly state the position.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 122,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: Sittings of the House',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is not correct with regard to Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"President has the power to summon\/prorogue Lok Sabha.\",\r\n      \"Lok Sabha sits on such days as the Speaker may direct from time to time.\",\r\n      \"Presence of Minister(s) is necessary for constituting a sitting of the House.\",\r\n      \"A sitting of the House cannot be commenced unless there is quorum.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe presence of a Minister is not required to constitute a sitting. <b>Rule 11:<\/b> <i>\"A sitting of the House is duly constituted when it is presided over by the Speaker or any other member competent to preside over a sitting of the House under the Constitution or these rules.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe other three are correct: <b>Article 85(1)\/(2)<\/b> \u2014 summoning and prorogation are the President's powers; <b>Rule 13:<\/b> <i>\"The House shall sit on such days as the Speaker, having regard to the state of business of the House, may from time to time direct.\"<\/i>; and a sitting requires quorum (Article 100(3)).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 123,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: Sittings of the House',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is not correct with regard to adjournment in Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Speaker can call a sitting of the House before the date or hour to which it has been adjourned or at any time after the House has been adjourned sine die.\",\r\n      \"When the motion \\\"that the House now adjourn\\\" is being discussed, that is, from the hour the discussion on adjournment motion has commenced to the time the motion is disposed of, the Speaker cannot adjourn the House for the day.\",\r\n      \"The Speaker can extend the time of the House after taking sense of the House.\",\r\n      \"The Speaker cannot adjourn the House sine die without taking the approval of the President.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nAdjournment (including adjournment sine die) is the Speaker's own power; the President's approval is not needed (only prorogation is the President's act under Article 85). <b>Rule 15(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall determine the time when a sitting of the House shall be adjourned sine die or to a particular day, or to an hour or part of the same day: Provided that the Speaker, if thinks fit, may call a sitting of the House before the date or time to which it has been adjourned or at any time after the House has been adjourned sine die.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis also confirms option A. Options B and C reflect settled practice and are correct.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 124,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is not correct with regard to the Railway Convention Committee?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"It is a Committee constituted by the Minister of Railways.\",\r\n      \"It is an ad hoc Committee of Parliament to review the rate of dividend which is payable by the Railways to the general revenues.\",\r\n      \"It suggests the level of appropriation to various Railway funds.\",\r\n      \"Minister of Finance is a nominated member of the Railway Convention Committee.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Railway Convention Committee is an ad hoc Committee constituted by <b>Parliament<\/b> (through a motion), not by the Minister of Railways. It is not a Committee provided for by the Rules of Procedure; it is set up by motion and its functions are those recognised by practice: to review the rate of dividend payable by the Railways to the General Revenues and to advise on appropriations to Railway funds. The Ministers of Railways and of Finance are associated with it. Options B, C and D are correct.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 125,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: Summons to Members, Seating, Oath or Affirmation and Roll of Members',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. Making and subscribing oath is not a proceeding of the House if the person administering the oath is other than a Presiding officer.<br>2. Oath administered in a sitting is a part of the proceedings of the House.<br>3. Oath cannot be taken by a member outside the Chamber of Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> Oath made before a person other than a Presiding Officer (e.g., a person appointed by the President under Article 99) is an individual act, not a proceeding of the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 5:<\/b> <i>\"A member who has not already made and subscribed an oath or affirmation, in pursuance of article 99 of the Constitution, may do so at the commencement of a sitting of the House, or at any other time of the sitting of the House, as the Speaker may direct ...\"<\/i> \u2014 when administered during a sitting, it forms part of the proceedings.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT. Article 99:<\/b> oath may be made <i>\"before the President, or some person appointed in that behalf by him\"<\/i> \u2014 so it can be taken outside the Chamber in appropriate cases.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 126,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: Summons to Members, Seating, Oath or Affirmation and Roll of Members',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. A person becomes a Member of the House from the date on which the person is declared elected by the Returning Officer.<br>2. A person becomes a Member of the House only from the date on which the person makes and subscribes oath or affirmation.<br>3. A Member cannot ask a question in the House unless he has taken oath and signed the Roll of Members in the House.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> Membership begins from the date the result is declared by the Returning Officer (hence salary and privileges run from election).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT.<\/b> Oath is a pre-condition to taking the seat and voting, not to becoming a member.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT. Article 99<\/b> (oath before taking the seat) with <b>Rule 6:<\/b> <i>\"There shall be a Roll of Members of the House which shall be signed in the presence of the Secretary-General by every member, before taking one's own seat.\"<\/i> \u2014 without oath and signing the Roll a member cannot ask questions or participate.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 127,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 22: Resignation and Vacation of Seats in the House',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is correct with regard to right of Members before taking oath in Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A member can resign and seek leave of absence.\",\r\n      \"A Member is entitled to sit and vote in the House\",\r\n      \"He is not entitled to receive salary\",\r\n      \"He can be elected or nominated as a Member of Committee and can function as a Member of such committee.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) A member can resign and seek leave of absence.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 240(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member who desires to resign one's seat in the House shall intimate in writing under one's own hand addressed to the Speaker, such intention to resign the seat ...\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 242(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member desiring permission of the House to remain absent from the sittings thereof under clause (4) of article 101 of the Constitution shall make an application in writing to the Speaker.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nBoth acts (resignation and leave of absence) are addressed to the Speaker and do not require the oath to have been taken first. Before oath a member cannot sit\/vote (Article 99) or serve on a Committee, but is entitled to salary from the date of election.<br>\r\n(See Q120 \u2014 an identical item whose original key differed.)`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2018 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 128,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the election of the Deputy Speaker of the House:<br>1. The election of a Deputy Speaker shall be held on such date as the Speaker may fix, and the Secretary-General shall send to every member notice of this date.<br>2. At any time before noon on the day preceding the date so fixed, any member may give notice in writing, addressed to the Secretary-General, of a motion that another member be chosen as the Deputy Speaker of the House.<br>3. The notice shall be seconded by a third member and shall be accompanied by a statement by the member whose name is proposed in the notice that the member proposed is willing to serve as Deputy Speaker.<br>Which of the following statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three reproduce <b>Rule 8:<\/b> <i>\"(1) The election of a Deputy Speaker shall be held on such date as the Speaker may fix, and the Secretary-General shall send to every member notice of this date. (2) At any time before noon on the day preceding the date so fixed, any member may give notice in writing, addressed to the Secretary-General, of a motion that another member be chosen as the Deputy Speaker of the House and the notice shall be seconded by a third member and shall be accompanied by a statement by the member whose name is proposed in the notice that the member proposed is willing to serve as Deputy Speaker, if elected ...\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 129,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker of the House may allot time for the discussion of the matters referred to in the President's address under which one of the following Articles of the Constitution of India?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Article 82(1)\",\r\n      \"Article 84(1)\",\r\n      \"Article 86(1)\",\r\n      \"Article 88(1)\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Answer as per official key: C) Article 86(1).<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>SOURCE NOTE:<\/b> The Rule that empowers the Speaker to allot this time is <b>Rule 16:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall, in consultation with the Leader of the House, allot time for the discussion of the matters referred to in the President's Address to the Houses under article 87(1) of the Constitution.\"<\/i> The authorised text thus references <b>Article 87(1)<\/b> (the President's special address at the commencement of the first session after each general election and the first session of each year). Article 87(1) is not among the given options; the official key marks 86(1). Article 86(1) is the President's general right to address either House. Retained the key's answer but flagged the discrepancy with Rule 16.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 130,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>In the House of the People, the last two and a half hours of a sitting on Friday shall be allotted for the transaction of private members' business:<br>1. Provided that the Speaker may allot different Fridays for the disposal of different classes of such business and on Fridays so allotted for any particular class of business, business of that class shall have precedence.<br>2. Provided further that the Speaker may, in consultation with the Leader of the House, allot any day other than a Friday for the transaction of private members' business.<br>3. Provided further that if there is no sitting of the House on a Friday, the Speaker may direct that two and a half hours on any other day in the week may be allotted for private members business.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three are the provisos to <b>Rule 26:<\/b> <i>\"The last two and a half hours of a sitting on Friday shall be allotted for the transaction of private members' business: Provided that the Speaker may allot different Fridays for the disposal of different classes of such business and on Fridays so allotted for any particular class of business, business of that class shall have precedence: Provided further that the Speaker may, in consultation with the Leader of the House, allot any day other than a Friday for the transaction of private members' business: Provided further that if there is no sitting of the House on a Friday, the Speaker may direct that two and a half hours on any other day in the week may be allotted for private members' business.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 131,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: Questions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the limit of number of starred questions in the House of the People:<br>1. Not more than one question distinguished by an asterisk by the same member and not more than twenty questions in all shall be placed on the list of questions for oral answer on any one day.<br>2. When a question is postponed or transferred from one list of questions for oral answer to another, more than one question may stand in the name of one member and the total number of questions may exceed by such postponed or transferred question.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 37(1):<\/b> <i>\"Not more than one question distinguished by an asterisk by the same member and not more than twenty questions in all shall be placed on the list of questions for oral answer on any one day: Provided that when a question is postponed or transferred from one list of questions for oral answer to another, more than one question may stand in the name of one member and the total number of questions may exceed by such postponed or transferred question.\"<\/i> \u2014 the two statements are the main provision and its proviso.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 132,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: Questions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Speaker's decision on the admissibility of questions under the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the House of the People:<br>1. The Speaker shall decide whether a question, or a part thereof, is or is not admissible under these rules and may disallow any question, or a part thereof, when in the opinion of the Speaker, it is an abuse of the right of questioning or is calculated to obstruct or prejudicially affect the procedure of the House or is in contravention of these rules.<br>2. Subject to the provisions of Rule 38, the Speaker may direct that a question be placed on the list of questions for answer on a date later than that specified by a member in the notice if the Speaker is of the opinion that a longer period is necessary to decide whether the question is or is not admissible.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\nBoth statements reproduce <b>Rule 43:<\/b> <i>\"(1) The Speaker shall decide whether a question, or a part thereof, is or is not admissible under these rules and may disallow any question, or a part thereof, when in the opinion of the Speaker, it is an abuse of the right of questioning or is calculated to obstruct or prejudicially affect the procedure of the House or is in contravention of these rules. (2) Subject to the provisions of rule 38, the Speaker may direct that a question be placed on the list of questions for answer on a date later than that specified by a member in the notice if the Speaker is of the opinion that a longer period is necessary to decide whether the question is or is not admissible.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 133,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 9: Adjournment Motions',\r\n    question: \"Notice of an adjournment motion shall be given by 10.00 hours on the day on which the motion is proposed to be made to the Secretary-General and copies thereof shall be endorsed among others, to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the President of India\",\r\n      \"the Prime Minister\",\r\n      \"the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs\",\r\n      \"the Vice President of India\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 57:<\/b> <i>\"Notice of an adjournment motion shall be given by 10.00 hours on the day on which the motion is proposed to be made to the Secretary-General and copies thereof shall be endorsed to:\u2014 (i) the Speaker; (ii) the Minister concerned; (iii) the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs ...\"<\/i> Of the options, only the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs figures in the list.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 134,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements: After the presentation of the final report of a Select Committee of the House or a Joint Committee of the House, as the case may be, on a Bill, the member in charge may move that the Bill as reported by the Select Committee of the House or the Joint Committee of the Houses, as the case may be, be re-committed to the same Select Committee or to a new Select Committee, or to the same Joint Committee or to a new Joint Committee with the concurrence of the Council:<br>1. with limitation.<br>2. with respect to particular clauses or amendments only.<br>3. without instructions to the Committee to make some particular or additional provision in the Bill.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 77(1)(b):<\/b> the member in charge may move that the Bill be re-committed <i>\"... either\u2014 (i) without limitation, or (ii) with respect to particular clauses or amendments only, or (iii) with instructions to the Committee to make some particular or additional provision in the Bill ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOnly statement 2 matches clause (ii). Statement 1 is wrong (the rule says \"without limitation\") and statement 3 is wrong (the rule says \"with instructions\", not \"without instructions\").`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 135,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"If any member desires to move an amendment to a Bill, no previous sanction or recommendation of the President shall be required, if an amendment seeks to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"abolish or reduce the limits of the tax proposed in the bill or amendment\",\r\n      \"decrease such tax up to the limits of an existing tax\",\r\n      \"increase such tax up to the limits of a proposed tax\",\r\n      \"decrease such tax up to the limits of a proposed tax\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) abolish or reduce the limits of the tax proposed in the Bill or amendment.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 81<\/b> proviso: <i>\"Provided that no previous sanction or recommendation of the President shall be required, if an amendment seeks to\u2014 (a) abolish or reduce the limits of the tax proposed in the Bill or amendment, or (b) increase such tax upto the limits of an existing tax.\"<\/i> Option A is clause (a); the other options misstate clause (b).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 136,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the voting on group of Clauses and Schedules: The Speaker, if thinks fit, may put, as one question, clauses and\/or schedules, or clauses and\/or schedules as amended, as the case may be, together to the vote of the House provided that:<br>1. If the Secretary-General requests that any clause or schedule, or any clause or schedule as amended, as the case may be, be put separately, the Speaker shall put that clause or schedule, or clause or schedule as amended, as the case may be, separately.<br>2. If a member requests that any clause or schedule, or any clause or schedule as amended, as the case may be, be put separately, the Speaker shall put that clause or schedule, or clause or schedule as amended, as the case may be, separately.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 91:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker, if thinks fit, may put as one question clauses and or schedules, or clauses and or schedules as amended, as the case may be, together to the vote of the House: Provided that if a member requests that any clause or schedule, or any clause or schedule as amended, as the case may be, be put separately, the Speaker shall put that clause or schedule, or clause or schedule as amended, as the case may be, separately.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe right to demand a separate vote lies with a <b>member<\/b> (Statement 2), not the Secretary-General (Statement 1).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 137,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"If a bill other than a money bill passed by the House and transmitted to the Council is passed by the Council without amendment, the message received from the Council to that effect shall be reported by:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker of the House if in session or published in the bulletin for the information of the members if the House is not in session.\",\r\n      \"the concerned Minister if the House is in session or published in the bulletin for the information of the members if the House is not in session.\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General to the House if in session or published in the bulletin for the information of the members if the House is not in session.\",\r\n      \"the Prime Minister if the House is in session or published in the bulletin for the information of the members if the House is not in session.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the Secretary-General.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 97:<\/b> <i>\"If a Bill other than a Money Bill passed by the House and transmitted to the Council is passed by the Council without amendment, the message received from the Council to that effect shall be reported by the Secretary-General to the House if in session or published in the Bulletin for the information of the members if the House is not in session.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 138,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 11: Bills seeking to amend the Constitution',\r\n    question: \"In the Lok Sabha, the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business make certain specific provisions with regard to bills for amendment of the Constitution. They relate to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"voting procedure in the house at various stages of such bills, in the light of the requirements of Article 368.\",\r\n      \"the procedure before introduction in case of such bills, if assent is given by the President of India.\",\r\n      \"the voting procedure in the house at various stages of such bills, in the light of the requirements of Article 372.\",\r\n      \"the procedure before introduction in the case of such bills, if assent is given by concerned State Governor.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) voting procedure at various stages, in the light of Article 368.<\/b><br><br>\r\nChapter XI (Rules 155-159) is devoted to the special voting requirements of Constitution amendment Bills flowing from Article 368. <b>Rule 155:<\/b> <i>\"Each clause or schedule or clause, or schedule as amended, as the case may be, of a Bill seeking to amend the Constitution shall be put to the vote of the House separately and shall form part of the Bill if it is passed by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two thirds of the members present and voting ...\"<\/i>; and <b>Rule 158(1):<\/b> <i>\"Voting shall be by division whenever a motion has to be carried by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 139,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"A private member's Bill pending before the House shall also be removed from the register of Bills pending in the House in case the member in charge\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"changes party from elected party\",\r\n      \"is appointed a minister\",\r\n      \"is involved in criminal cases\",\r\n      \"applied for leave during the session\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) is appointed a Minister.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 113:<\/b> <i>\"A private member's Bill pending before the House shall also be removed from the Register of Bills pending in the House in case\u2014 (a) the member in charge ceases to be a member of the House; (b) the member in charge is appointed a Minister.\"<\/i> (On becoming a Minister the member ceases to be a \"private member\".)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 140,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"After the amended Bill has been laid on the table, any minister in the case of a Government Bill, or, in any other case, any member may, after giving\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"one day notice or with the consent of the Speaker without notice, move that the amendments be taken into consideration.\",\r\n      \"two days' notice or with the consent of the Speaker without notice, move that the amendments be taken into consideration.\",\r\n      \"three days' notice or with the consent of the Speaker without notice, move that the amendments be taken into consideration.\",\r\n      \"four days' notice or with the consent of the Speaker without notice, move that the amendments be taken into consideration.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) two days' notice.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 123:<\/b> <i>\"After the amended Bill has been laid on the Table, any Minister in the case of a Government Bill, or in any other case, any member may, after giving two days' notice or with the consent of the Speaker without notice, move that the amendments be taken into consideration.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 141,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"When any of the following motions moved in the House with reference to a Bill originating in the Council and transmitted to the House is negatived by the House, the Bill shall be deemed to have been rejected by the House\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"that the Bill not be taken into consideration\",\r\n      \"that the Bill not be referred to a Select Committee\",\r\n      \"that the Bill as reported by Select Committee be taken into consideration\",\r\n      \"that the Bill be directly forwarded to the President of India.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) that the Bill as reported by Select Committee be taken into consideration.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 127:<\/b> <i>\"When any of the following motions moved in the House with reference to a Bill originating in the Council and transmitted to the House is negatived by the House, the Bill shall be deemed to have been rejected by the House: (i) that the Bill be taken into consideration; (ii) that the Bill be referred to a Select Committee; (iii) that the Bill as reported by Select Committee be taken into consideration; and (iv) that the Bill (or, that the Bill as amended...) be passed.\"<\/i> Option C is clause (iii); the other options do not appear in the list.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 142,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"If the Bill is returned to the House with a message that the Council insists on an amendment or amendments to which the House has disagreed, the Houses shall be\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"deemed to have finally disagreed as to the amendment or amendments.\",\r\n      \"insisted to vote for majority\",\r\n      \"recommended for Select Committee\",\r\n      \"recommended for legal opinion\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) deemed to have finally disagreed as to the amendments.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 126:<\/b> <i>\"If a Bill is returned with a message intimating that the House insists on amendments to which the Council is unable to agree, the Houses shall be deemed to have finally disagreed as to the amendments.\"<\/i> (Such final disagreement is what may lead to a joint sitting under Article 108.)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 143,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 12: Petitions',\r\n    question: \"A petition, dealing with any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (f) of Clause (1) of Article 110 of the Constitution of India or involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India, shall not be presented to the House unless recommended by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Prime Minister\",\r\n      \"the Vice President\",\r\n      \"the President\",\r\n      \"the Finance Minister\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the President.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 160A:<\/b> <i>\"A petition, dealing with any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (f) of clause (1) of article 110 or involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India, shall not be presented to the House unless recommended by the President.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 144,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 14: Motions',\r\n    question: \"In order that a motion may be admissible, it shall satisfy which one of the following conditions?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"It shall not raise substantially one definite issue.\",\r\n      \"It shall not contain arguments, inferences, ironical expressions, imputations or defamatory statements.\",\r\n      \"It shall refer to the conduct or character of persons.\",\r\n      \"It shall not be restricted to a matter of recent occurrence.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B).<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 186:<\/b> <i>\"In order that a motion may be admissible it shall satisfy the following conditions, namely:\u2014 (i) it shall raise substantially one definite issue; (ii) it shall not contain arguments, inferences, ironical expressions, imputations or defamatory statements; (iii) it shall not refer to the conduct or character of persons except in their public capacity; (iv) it shall be restricted to a matter of recent occurrence ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOption B is clause (ii). The other options invert clauses (i), (iii) and (iv).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 145,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 15: Short Duration Discussions',\r\n    question: \"If the Speaker is satisfied, after calling for such information from the member who has given notice and from the Minister as the Speaker may consider necessary, that the matter is urgent and is of sufficient importance to be raised in the House at an early date, the Speaker may admit the notice provided that\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"if an early opportunity is otherwise available for the discussion of the matter, the Speaker may admit the notice.\",\r\n      \"if an early opportunity is otherwise available for the discussion of the matter, the Speaker may refuse to admit the notice.\",\r\n      \"allow such time for discussion not exceeding four hours at or before the end of the sitting.\",\r\n      \"allow such time for discussion not exceeding three hours at or before the end of the sitting.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the Speaker may refuse to admit the notice.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 194(1):<\/b> <i>\"If the Speaker is satisfied ... that the matter is urgent and is of sufficient importance to be raised in the House at an early date, the Speaker may admit the notice: Provided that if an early opportunity is otherwise available for the discussion of the matter the Speaker may refuse to admit the notice.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOptions C and D are wrong on time as well \u2014 <b>Rule 194(2):<\/b> the Speaker may allow discussion <i>\"not exceeding two hours at or before the end of the sitting ...\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 146,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned',\r\n    question: \"A motion expressing want of confidence in the Council of Ministers may be made subject to which one of the following restrictions?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Leave to make the motion shall be asked for by the member when called by the Speaker.\",\r\n      \"Leave to make the motion shall not be asked for by the member when called by the Speaker.\",\r\n      \"Leave to make the motion shall be asked for by the concerned Minister when called by the Speaker.\",\r\n      \"Leave to make the motion shall not be asked for by the concerned Minister when called by the Speaker.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Leave shall be asked for by the member when called by the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(1):<\/b> <i>\"A motion expressing want of confidence in the Council of Ministers may be made subject to the following restrictions, namely:\u2014 (a) leave to make the motion shall be asked for by the member when called by the Speaker; (b) the member asking for leave shall, by 10.00 hours on that day give to the Secretary-General a written notice of the motion which such member proposes to move ...\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 147,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned',\r\n    question: \"A member who has resigned the office of Minister may, with the consent of the Speaker, make a personal statement in explanation of her or his resignation on any day during the session in which the resignation has been accepted by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Prime Minister\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"the Vice President\",\r\n      \"the President\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) the President.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 199(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member who has resigned the office of Minister may, with the consent of the Speaker, make a personal statement in explanation of her or his resignation on any day during the session in which the resignation has been accepted by the President ...\"<\/i> (A Minister's resignation is tendered to and accepted by the President.)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 148,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 18: Resolution for Removal of Speaker or Deputy Speaker from Office',\r\n    question: \"A member wishing to give notice of a resolution, under Clause (c) of Article 94 of the Constitution, for the removal of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker shall do so in writing to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"the Prime Minister\",\r\n      \"the Vice President\",\r\n      \"the President\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the Secretary-General.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 200(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member wishing to give notice of a resolution, under clause (c) of article 94 of the Constitution, for the removal of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker shall do so in writing to the Secretary-General and shall furnish the full text of such resolution.\"<\/i> (Rule 200(2): the day fixed for the motion for leave must be after fourteen days from receipt of the notice \u2014 the constitutional 14 days' notice.)`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2019-20 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 149,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is correct about the Zero Hour in the Rajya Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"It is mentioned in the Rules of Procedure.\",\r\n      \"It is the first hour of the sitting.\",\r\n      \"It is the last hour of the sitting.\",\r\n      \"It is an informal opportunity for raising matters of urgent public importance.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) An informal opportunity for raising matters of urgent public importance.<\/b><br><br>\r\n\"Zero Hour\" is not defined in the Rules of Procedure of either House or in the Constitution; it is an informal device developed by practice, taken up immediately after the Question Hour (hence it is not the first hour). In the Lok Sabha the nearest codified device is <b>Rule 377:<\/b> <i>\"A member who wishes to bring to the notice of the House a matter which is not a point of order, shall give notice in writing to the Secretary-General ...\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 150,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons',\r\n    question: \"The Speaker of the Lok Sabha can resign by addressing his\/her resignation to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the President of India\",\r\n      \"the Prime Minister of India\",\r\n      \"the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"the Chief Justice of India\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Article 94(b):<\/b> the Speaker <i>\"may at any time ... resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the Deputy Speaker.\"<\/i> (Correspondingly, the Deputy Speaker resigns by writing addressed to the Speaker.)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 151,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"What is the minimum quorum required for holding a sitting of the Rajya Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"One-third of the total membership\",\r\n      \"One-half of the total membership\",\r\n      \"One-fourth of the total membership\",\r\n      \"One-tenth of the total membership\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) One-tenth of the total membership.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Article 100(3):<\/b> <i>\"Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the quorum to constitute a meeting of either House of Parliament shall be one-tenth of the total number of members of the House.\"<\/i> This applies equally to the Rajya Sabha.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 152,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned',\r\n    question: \"Which motion is moved to express want of confidence in the Council of Ministers?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"No-Confidence Motion\",\r\n      \"Confidence Motion\",\r\n      \"Censure Motion\",\r\n      \"Adjournment Motion\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) No-Confidence Motion.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(1):<\/b> <i>\"A motion expressing want of confidence in the Council of Ministers may be made subject to the following restrictions ...\"<\/i> It lies only against the Council of Ministers as a whole and, if carried, obliges the Government to resign.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 153,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 9: Adjournment Motions',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following motions is used to adjourn the House to discuss a definite matter of urgent public importance?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Adjournment Motion\",\r\n      \"Calling Attention Motion\",\r\n      \"Privilege Motion\",\r\n      \"No-Confidence Motion\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Adjournment Motion.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 58:<\/b> <i>\"The right to move the adjournment of the House for the purpose of discussing a definite matter of urgent public importance shall be subject to the following restrictions ...\"<\/i> The Adjournment Motion interrupts normal business to debate such a matter and carries an element of censure of the Government.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 154,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Who can ask for a joint sitting of both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha to resolve a deadlock over a Bill?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The President of India\",\r\n      \"The Prime Minister of India\",\r\n      \"The Speaker of the Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"The Chairman of the Rajya Sabha\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the President of India.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Article 108(1):<\/b> where a Bill has been passed by one House and rejected by the other (or the Houses have finally disagreed on amendments, or six months have elapsed), <i>\"the President may, unless the Bill has elapsed by reason of a dissolution of the House of the People, notify to the Houses ... his intention to summon them to meet in a joint sitting ...\"<\/i> The Speaker of the Lok Sabha presides over the joint sitting (Article 118(4)).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 155,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"A Bill that has been rejected by either House of the Parliament cannot be reintroduced during the same\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"session\",\r\n      \"calendar year\",\r\n      \"parliamentary year\",\r\n      \"budget session\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) session.<\/b><br><br>\r\nBy the rule against repetition, a Bill once rejected by the House cannot be reintroduced in the same session \u2014 the same principle that <b>Rule 338<\/b> applies to motions: <i>\"When a motion has been moved, no motion or amendment shall be moved which raises substantially the same question during the same session ...\"<\/i> A fresh session is required.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 156,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 19: Financial Business',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding Money Bill:<br>1. It can be introduced in either the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha.<br>2. It can be returned by the President for reconsideration.<br>3. It requires the consent of the President before introduction.<br>4. It cannot be introduced in the Rajya Sabha.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"3 and 4 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 3 and 4 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT. Article 117(1):<\/b> a Bill dealing with Article 110 matters <i>\"shall not be introduced or moved except on the recommendation of the President ...\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4: CORRECT. Article 109(1):<\/b> <i>\"A Money Bill shall not be introduced in the Council of States.\"<\/i> (so it can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha \u2014 Statement 1 is wrong.)<br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT. Article 111<\/b> proviso: the President cannot return a Money Bill for reconsideration; the President must either assent or withhold assent.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 157,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"The committee responsible for scrutinizing the Annual Budget of the Government is known as the\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Committee on Public Accounts\",\r\n      \"Committee on Estimates\",\r\n      \"Committee on Subordinate Legislation\",\r\n      \"Committee on Rules\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Committee on Estimates.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 310:<\/b> <i>\"There shall be a Committee on Estimates for the examination of such of the estimates as may seem fit to the Committee or are specifically referred to it by the House or the Speaker ...\"<\/i> \u2014 it scrutinises the estimates (Budget) and suggests economies. (The PAC, by contrast, examines accounts of expenditure already incurred.)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 158,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Which constitutional body is responsible for conducting enquiries and taking appropriate action in cases of violation of the Code of Conduct by MPs?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Election Commission of India\",\r\n      \"The Lok Sabha Speaker\",\r\n      \"The Rajya Sabha Chairman\",\r\n      \"The Ethics Committee of the Parliament\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) the Ethics Committee of Parliament.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 316B<\/b> (Committee on Ethics): among its functions is <i>\"to examine cases concerning the alleged breach of the Code of Conduct by members ...\"<\/i> read with <b>Rule 316C<\/b> on its procedure. (The Committee is set up under Rules 316A-316F; complaints of ethical misconduct may also be referred by the Speaker under Chapter XXA, Rule 233B.)`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2021-22 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 159,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"The time when the Members of Parliament can raise issues of urgent public importance is called\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Notice period\",\r\n      \"Cooling-off period\",\r\n      \"Stipulated interval\",\r\n      \"Zero hour\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Zero hour.<\/b><br><br>\r\nZero Hour \u2014 an informal device (not found in the Rules of Procedure) that begins at 12:00 noon, immediately after the Question Hour \u2014 is used by members to raise matters of urgent public importance without prior notice. The nearest codified mechanism is <b>Rule 377<\/b> (matters which are not points of order).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 160,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following motions is moved after the President's address to both the Houses of Parliament at the beginning of the Budget session?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Motion of Thanks\",\r\n      \"Motion of Confidence\",\r\n      \"Motion of No-Confidence\",\r\n      \"Motion of Withdrawal\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Motion of Thanks.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 17:<\/b> <i>\"On such day or days or part of any day, the House shall be at liberty to discuss the matters referred to in such Address on a Motion of Thanks moved by a member and seconded by another member.\"<\/i> The President addresses both Houses under Article 87(1); the discussion takes place on the Motion of Thanks.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 161,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 22: Resignation and Vacation of Seats in the House',\r\n    question: \"In Lok Sabha, the resignation of a Member is addressed to the\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Speaker of Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"Prime Minister of India\",\r\n      \"President of India\",\r\n      \"Leader of the Opposition party\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Speaker of Lok Sabha.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Article 101(3)(b)<\/b> (resign by writing addressed to the Speaker) read with <b>Rule 240(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member who desires to resign one's seat in the House shall intimate in writing under one's own hand addressed to the Speaker, such intention to resign the seat ...\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 162,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"In Rajya Sabha, a money bill passed by the Lok Sabha is returned to the Lower House with the Rajya Sabha's recommendations. If the Lok Sabha does not accept any of the recommendations, it is deemed to be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Passed by both the Houses of Parliament\",\r\n      \"Rejected by both the Houses of Parliament\",\r\n      \"Passed by the Lok Sabha alone\",\r\n      \"Passed by the Rajya Sabha alone\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Passed by both the Houses of Parliament.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 108:<\/b> <i>\"If the House does not accept any of the recommendations of the Council, the Bill shall be deemed to have been passed by both the Houses in the form in which it was passed by the House without any of the amendments recommended by the Council and a message to that effect shall be sent to the Council.\"<\/i> (This mirrors Article 109(4).)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 163,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Who among the following determines the functions of the committees in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Speaker of Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"President of India\",\r\n      \"Council of Ministers\",\r\n      \"Rules Committee of Lok Sabha\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Speaker of Lok Sabha.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Committees work under the direction of the Speaker, who constitutes them, appoints their Chairpersons and gives them directions. <b>Rule 253:<\/b> a Parliamentary Committee is one which <i>\"works under the direction of the Speaker ...\"<\/i>; <b>Rule 283:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker ... may issue such directions to the Chairperson or members of a Committee ...\"<\/i> (and Rule 258 on appointment of Chairpersons).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 164,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'Rajya Sabha',\r\n    question: \"In Rajya Sabha, what is the maximum time limit for a discussion on a motion of thanks to the President for his\/her address?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"6 hours\",\r\n      \"10 hours\",\r\n      \"12 hours\",\r\n      \"16 hours\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Answer as per official key: C) 12 hours.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>SOURCE NOTE:<\/b> This is a figure of Rajya Sabha practice, not a verbatim provision of the Rules. Time for the Motion of Thanks is allotted by the House on the recommendation of the Business Advisory Committee; the RS convention cited by the exam sets the ceiling at 12 hours. (The Rules of Procedure prescribe no fixed number of hours, so verify against the current BAC\/House allocation.)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 165,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned',\r\n    question: \"What is the minimum number of members required to table a \\\"No-Confidence Motion\\\" in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"10\",\r\n      \"20\",\r\n      \"30\",\r\n      \"50\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 50.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(2):<\/b> <i>\"... the Speaker shall ... request those members who are in favour of leave being granted to rise in their places, and if not less than fifty members rise accordingly, the Speaker shall declare that leave is granted ...\"<\/i> \u2014 the motion needs the support of at least 50 members to be admitted.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 166,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"The Public Accounts Committee consists of not more than:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"22 Members, 15 Members elected by Lok Sabha and not more than 7 Members elected by Rajya Sabha.\",\r\n      \"23 Members, 16 Members elected by Lok Sabha and not more than 7 Members elected by Rajya Sabha.\",\r\n      \"22 Members, 7 Members elected by Lok Sabha and not more than 15 Members elected by Rajya Sabha.\",\r\n      \"23 Members, 7 Members elected by Lok Sabha and not more than 16 Members elected by Rajya Sabha.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 22 Members \u2014 15 (Lok Sabha) + not more than 7 (Rajya Sabha).<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 309(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Committee shall consist of not more than 22 members comprising 15 members who shall be elected by the House every year ... and not more than 7 members of Rajya Sabha to be nominated by that House for being associated with the Committee ...\"<\/i> (Rajya Sabha members are nominated by that House.)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 167,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure',\r\n    question: \"The term \\\"point of order\\\" in the context of parliamentary proceedings refers to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a request by a member to make a formal statement\",\r\n      \"a request by a member to ask a question out of turn\",\r\n      \"a member's objection regarding the violation of parliamentary rules\",\r\n      \"a member's request for an extension of time for a debate\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) a member's objection regarding the violation of parliamentary rules.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 376(1):<\/b> <i>\"A point of order shall relate to the interpretation or enforcement of these rules or such Articles of the Constitution as regulate the business of the House and shall raise a question which is within the cognizance of the Speaker.\"<\/i> The Speaker's decision on it is final (Rule 376(3)).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2023 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 168,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: Questions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the \\\"starred questions\\\" asked during Question Hour of Parliament:<br>1. Oral Answer is required to be given by the minister on the floor of the house and supplementary questions may be asked on Minister's reply.<br>2. Oral Answer is required to be given by the minister on the floor of the house and supplementary questions may not be asked on Minister's reply.<br>3. Written Answer is to be given by the minister after 10 days' notice and no supplementary question may be asked.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 only<\/b><br><br>\r\nA starred question is answered orally and supplementaries may follow. <b>Rule 36:<\/b> <i>\"A member who desires an oral answer to one's question shall distinguish it by an asterisk ...\"<\/i>; <b>Rule 50(1):<\/b> <i>\"The member in whose name a question is listed for oral answer or any other member, when called by the Speaker, may ask a supplementary question for the purpose of further elucidating any matter of fact regarding which an answer has been given.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nStatement 2 is wrong (supplementaries ARE allowed); Statement 3 describes an unstarred (written-answer) question, not a starred one.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 169,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 23: Leave of Absence from the Sittings of the House',\r\n    question: \"In the Indian Parliament, under which condition can a house declare the seat of a member vacant?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"If the member is absent from all meetings of the house for 60 days continuously\",\r\n      \"If the member is absent from all meetings of the house for 45 days continuously\",\r\n      \"If the member is absent from all meetings of the house for 30 days continuously\",\r\n      \"If the member is absent from all meetings of the house for 21 days continuously\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 60 days.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Article 101(4):<\/b> <i>\"If for a period of sixty days a member of either House of Parliament is without permission of the House absent from all meetings thereof, the House may declare his seat vacant ...\"<\/i> (in computing which, periods of prorogation or of adjournment for more than four consecutive days are excluded). See also <b>Rule 326(1)(ii).<\/b>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 170,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"The Chairperson of Public Accounts Committee is appointed by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Speaker of Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"President of India\",\r\n      \"Chief Justice of India\",\r\n      \"Chairman of Rajya Sabha\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Speaker of Lok Sabha.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 258(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Chairperson of a Committee shall be appointed by the Speaker from amongst members of the Committee ...\"<\/i> By convention the PAC Chairperson is chosen from the Opposition, and is appointed by the Speaker.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 171,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 19: Financial Business',\r\n    question: \"A money bill in the House of the People can be introduced on the recommendation of\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Prime Minister of India\",\r\n      \"President of India\",\r\n      \"Speaker of Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"Finance Minister\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) President of India.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Article 117(1):<\/b> a Bill dealing with any of the matters specified in Article 110 <i>\"shall not be introduced or moved except on the recommendation of the President ...\"<\/i> A Money Bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha (Article 109(1)) and only on the President's recommendation.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 172,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: Questions',\r\n    question: \"In which type of question in the Parliament is a written answer desired?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Starred question\",\r\n      \"Unstarred question\",\r\n      \"Short notice question\",\r\n      \"Long notice question\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Unstarred question.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 36:<\/b> <i>\"... If the member does not distinguish it by an asterisk, the question shall be placed on the list of questions for written answer.\"<\/i> Such an unstarred question receives a written answer, which under <b>Rule 39(1)<\/b> is <i>\"deemed to have been laid on the Table at the end of the Question Hour ...\"<\/i> \u2014 with no supplementaries.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 173,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Which among the following Bill will not lapse in the event of dissolution of Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Any Bill pending in Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"Any Bill passed by the Lok Sabha but pending in Rajya Sabha\",\r\n      \"Any Bill passed by the Rajya Sabha and pending in Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"Any Bill pending in Rajya Sabha and not passed by Lok Sabha\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Answer as per official key: B.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>KEY-CONFLICT NOTE:<\/b> Under the settled constitutional position (Article 107(5) read with the dissolution doctrine), a Bill <i>passed by the Lok Sabha and pending in the Rajya Sabha<\/i> (option B) actually <b>lapses<\/b> on dissolution. The only Bill among these that does <b>not<\/b> lapse is <i>a Bill pending in the Rajya Sabha and not passed by the Lok Sabha<\/i> (option D) \u2014 because the Rajya Sabha is a permanent House. Bills that lapse: (i) a Bill pending in the Lok Sabha, and (ii) a Bill passed by the Lok Sabha but pending in the Rajya Sabha. Bills that do not lapse include one originating and pending in the Rajya Sabha (not passed by the Lok Sabha). The official key here (B) is inconsistent with that doctrine \u2014 the doctrinally correct answer is <b>D<\/b>. Verify against the department's answer key.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2024 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 58,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. The Joint Chairman of the Rajya Sabha heads a sitting of both Houses when the Speaker, Deputy Speaker, and the panel of Speakers are absent.<br>2. Only the President can summon a joint sitting of both Houses.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT.<\/b> The Speaker presides over a joint sitting; in the Speaker's absence the order of presiding officers is the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha, then the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, and then such other person as may be determined by the members present (Article 118(4) with the Joint Sittings Rules). The Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (Vice-President) does not preside.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Article 108(1):<\/b> only the President may notify his intention to summon the Houses to meet in a joint sitting to resolve a legislative deadlock.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 59,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 19: Financial Business',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. Article 117 deals with all three types of financial bills.<br>2. A Financial Bill (I) can be amended or rejected by the Rajya Sabha.<br>3. All financial bills are not money bills.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT.<\/b> Money Bills are dealt with primarily by <b>Article 110<\/b> (with Article 109 on their procedure); Article 117 deals with Financial Bills \u2014 Category I under Article 117(1) and Category II under Article 117(3). So Article 117 does not deal with \"all three types\".<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> A Financial Bill (Category I), once introduced, is treated as an ordinary Bill for later stages \u2014 the Rajya Sabha can amend or reject it (unlike a Money Bill).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT.<\/b> All Money Bills are Financial Bills, but not all Financial Bills are Money Bills \u2014 the Money Bill is a narrow sub-set (only Article 110 matters, certified by the Speaker).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 60,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 19: Financial Business',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding Money Bills:<br>1. They can only be introduced after the President's recommendation.<br>2. Money bill can be introduced only by a Minister.<br>3. Speaker's decision to decide whether a bill is a money bill or not cannot be questioned in the courts.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Article 117(1):<\/b> a Money Bill cannot be introduced except on the President's recommendation.<br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> Because it needs the President's recommendation (conveyed through a Minister) and can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha, it is moved by a Minister.<br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT. Article 110(3):<\/b> <i>\"If any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, the decision of the Speaker of the House of the People thereon shall be final\"<\/i>; and Article 110(4) shields it with the Speaker's certificate.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 61,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 19: Financial Business',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. Money bills cannot be sent back for reconsideration by the President.<br>2. Money bills have no provision for joint sittings.<br>3. Defeat of an ordinary bill, when introduced by a minister, may lead to the resignation of the Government.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Article 111<\/b> proviso: the President cannot return a Money Bill for reconsideration.<br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> There is no joint sitting for a Money Bill \u2014 the Rajya Sabha can only recommend, and the Lok Sabha may accept or reject the recommendations (Article 109); a deadlock cannot arise, so Article 108 does not apply.<br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT.<\/b> Defeat of a Government Bill can be treated as a loss of confidence and may lead the Government to resign (a matter of convention).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 62,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding public and private bills:<br>1. Passing of public bill and private bill is governed by the same process.<br>2. Minister cannot introduce a private bill.<br>3. One-month notice is needed to introduce a private bill in the House.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT.<\/b> Public (Government) and private members' Bills are not handled by an identical process \u2014 private members' Bills have their own precedence, ballot and Committee classification (Rules 26-30, 293-297), and a distinct time allocation, so the processes differ.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 65(1):<\/b> <i>\"Any member, other than a Minister, desiring to move for leave to introduce a Bill ...\"<\/i> \u2014 a Minister's Bill is a Government Bill; a Minister cannot introduce a private members' Bill.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT.<\/b> A private members' Bill requires one month's notice for leave to introduce (the notice period under Rule 65).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 63,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 13: Resolutions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding resolutions in Parliament:<br>1. All resolutions are motions.<br>2. Not all resolutions need to be voted.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> A resolution is a particular form of motion \u2014 every resolution is a motion (though not every motion is a resolution). It is moved and disposed of under the rules for motions\/resolutions (Chapter XIII, Rules 170-183).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> Not every resolution reaches a vote \u2014 a private member's resolution not disposed of at the appointed hour lapses, and a resolution may be withdrawn (<b>Rule 180:<\/b> withdrawal of resolution) without being put to the vote.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 64,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Rajya Sabha',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. The Rajya Sabha does not have a device called Special Mention.<br>2. Short-duration discussion was introduced in Parliament post-1991.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Neither 1 nor 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT.<\/b> Special Mention is a Rajya Sabha device, now codified in <b>RS Rules 180A-180E<\/b> \u2014 e.g., <b>Rule 180D(1):<\/b> <i>\"Unless the Chairman otherwise directs, no member shall make more than one Special Mention during a week.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT.<\/b> The Short Duration Discussion (the \"two-hour discussion\") is a long-standing device that predates 1991; it was not introduced post-1991.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 65,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding censure and no-confidence motions:<br>1. No-confidence motion needs the support of 50 members to be admitted.<br>2. There is a need to state the reason for moving a no-confidence motion.<br>3. A censure motion can be moved against an individual minister.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 198(2):<\/b> leave is granted <i>\"if not less than fifty members rise ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT.<\/b> No reasons need be stated for a no-confidence motion (it simply expresses want of confidence in the Council of Ministers).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT.<\/b> A censure motion (governed by the general rules on motions) may be directed at an individual Minister, a group of Ministers, or the whole Council \u2014 unlike a no-confidence motion, which lies only against the Council as a whole.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 66,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding various motions in Parliament:<br>1. Calling Attention Motion is an Indian innovation.<br>2. The Rajya Sabha can make use of the Adjournment Motion.<br>3. Motion of Thanks is voted.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> Calling Attention (<b>Rule 197<\/b>) is an Indian innovation with no exact British parallel, combining an element of a question with a short comment.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT.<\/b> The Adjournment Motion is available only in the Lok Sabha; the Rajya Sabha has no such device.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT.<\/b> The Motion of Thanks on the President's Address is put to the vote of the House (and its defeat would amount to a Government defeat).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 67,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 14: Motions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. Subsidiary motion, by itself, has no meaning.<br>2. In Kangaroo closure motion, only important clauses are debated and voted.<br>3. Removal of the President of India comes under a substantive motion.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> A subsidiary motion depends on the original motion and has no meaning by itself.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> In Kangaroo Closure the presiding officer selects only certain (important) clauses for debate and voting, the rest being treated as passed \u2014 a form of closure under Chapter XXVII (Rule 362).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT.<\/b> Removal of the President (impeachment under Article 61) is a self-contained proposition and is a substantive motion.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 68,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: Questions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding Question Hour and Zero Hour:<br>1. Zero Hour is not mentioned in the Rules of Procedure.<br>2. Unstarred questions cannot have supplementary questions.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> Zero Hour is an informal device not mentioned in the Rules of Procedure (the codified device closest to it is Rule 377).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> An unstarred question gets a written answer only. <b>Rule 39(1):<\/b> such an answer <i>\"shall be deemed to have been laid on the Table at the end of the Question Hour ...\"<\/i> \u2014 there is no oral reply and therefore no supplementary (which under Rule 50(1) can be asked only where an oral answer \"has been given\").`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 69,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. The Presiding Officer of a House does not vote in the first instance.<br>2. The Presiding Officer can permit a member to address the House in his\/her mother tongue.<br>3. The Attorney General can take part in the proceedings as well as vote in both Houses due to constitutional nature of the post.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Article 100(1):<\/b> the presiding officer <i>\"shall not vote in the first instance, but shall have and exercise a casting vote in the case of an equality of votes.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> A member may address the House in Hindi or English, or in a mother tongue with the permission of the Chair (Article 120).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT. Article 88:<\/b> the Attorney-General has the right to speak in, and take part in the proceedings of, either House and any Committee \u2014 <i>\"but shall not by virtue of this article be entitled to vote.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 70,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is correct regarding the lapse of bills on the dissolution of the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Pending assurances that are to be examined by the Committee on Government Assurances do not lapse.\",\r\n      \"A bill passed by the Lok Sabha but pending in the Rajya Sabha does not lapse.\",\r\n      \"A bill pending in the Rajya Sabha but not passed by the Lok Sabha lapses.\",\r\n      \"All pending assurances that are to be examined by the Committee on Government Assurances lapse on the dissolution of the Lok Sabha.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Answer as per official key: C.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>KEY-CONFLICT NOTE:<\/b> On the settled position, option <b>A<\/b> is the correct statement \u2014 pending assurances before the Committee on Government Assurances do <b>not<\/b> lapse on dissolution (this is exactly what Q115 (2016-17) established). By the same doctrine: option B is wrong (a Bill passed by the Lok Sabha but pending in the Rajya Sabha <b>does<\/b> lapse), and option C is wrong (a Bill pending in the Rajya Sabha but not passed by the Lok Sabha does <b>not<\/b> lapse). The official key (C) is inconsistent with that doctrine \u2014 the doctrinally correct answer is <b>A<\/b>. Verify against the department's answer key.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 71,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: Sittings of the House',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. The maximum gap between two sessions of Parliament cannot be more than four months.<br>2. The Presiding Officer can call a sitting of the House at any time after the House has been adjourned sine die.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT. Article 85(1):<\/b> <i>\"... six months shall not intervene between its last sitting in one session and the date appointed for its first sitting in the next session.\"<\/i> \u2014 the maximum gap is six months, not four.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 15(1)<\/b> proviso: <i>\"Provided that the Speaker, if thinks fit, may call a sitting of the House before the date or time to which it has been adjourned or at any time after the House has been adjourned sine die.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 72,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 19: Financial Business',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. An Economy Cut Motion asks the demand for a grant be reduced by \u20b9100.<br>2. The Rajya Sabha cannot move cut motions.<br>3. Disapproval of Policy Cut Motion states that the amount of the demand be reduced to \u20b91.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT. Rule 209(b):<\/b> an Economy Cut is <i>\"'that the amount of the demand be reduced by a specified amount' representing the economy that can be effected ...\"<\/i> \u2014 a specified amount, not a fixed \u20b9100 (the \u20b9100 figure belongs to the Token Cut, Rule 217).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> Demands for Grants are voted only in the Lok Sabha (Article 113), so cut motions cannot be moved in the Rajya Sabha.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT. Rule 209(a):<\/b> a Disapproval of Policy Cut is <i>\"'that the amount of the demand be reduced to Re. 1\/-' representing disapproval of the policy underlying the demand ...\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 73,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 19: Financial Business',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the enactment of the budget in Parliament:<br>1. The Railway Budget used to be presented before the General Budget.<br>2. The Finance Bill must be enacted within 75 days of its introduction.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> Until the two Budgets were merged in 2017, the Railway Budget was presented separately, a few days before the General Budget.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> The Finance Bill must be passed by Parliament (and receive assent) within 75 days of its introduction \u2014 the deadline flowing from the Provisional Collection of Taxes framework and the annual financial-business timetable. (Rule 219 governs the procedure for the Financial Bill; Rule 221 requires timely completion of financial business.)`\r\n  }\r\n,\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2025 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 201,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons',\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 8(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Lok Sabha, who fixes the date for the election of the Deputy Speaker?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Speaker\",\r\n      \"Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"Leader of Opposition\",\r\n      \"Vice President\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 8(1):<\/b> <i>\"The election of a Deputy Speaker shall be held on such date as the Speaker may fix, and the Secretary-General shall send to every member notice of this date.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the division of roles: the <b>Speaker fixes<\/b> the date; the <b>Secretary-General only notifies<\/b> members of it. That is the distinction the question tests.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 202,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business',\r\n    question: \"What is the time allotted for the Private Members' Business sitting on Friday in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The last one hour\",\r\n      \"The last one and a half hours\",\r\n      \"The last two hours\",\r\n      \"The last two and a half hours\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) The last two and a half hours.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 26:<\/b> <i>\"The last two and a half hours of a sitting on Friday shall be allotted for the transaction of private members' business ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe provisos allow the Speaker to allot different Fridays to different classes of such business, to allot a day other than Friday in consultation with the Leader of the House, and \u2014 if there is no sitting on a Friday \u2014 to allot two and a half hours on any other day of the week.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 203,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: Questions',\r\n    question: \"Unless the Speaker otherwise directs, normally which hour of every sitting shall be available for asking and answering questions under Rule 32 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"One hour during any time of every sitting\",\r\n      \"The first hour of every sitting\",\r\n      \"The last hour of every sitting\",\r\n      \"The last two hours of every sitting\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) The first hour of every sitting.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 32:<\/b> <i>\"Unless the Speaker otherwise directs, the first hour of every sitting shall be available for the asking and answering of questions.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis is the \"Question Hour\". The words \"unless the Speaker otherwise directs\" mean it is the norm, not an absolute \u2014 the Speaker may vary it.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 204,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: Questions',\r\n    question: \"The Speaker of the House may disallow any question, or a part thereof, when in the opinion of the Speaker:<br>1. It is an abuse of the right of questioning.<br>2. It is calculated to obstruct or prejudicially affect the procedure of the House.<br>3. It is in contravention of these Rules.<br>4. It is a matter of public importance.<br>Choose the correct answer:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 43(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall decide whether a question, or a part thereof, is or is not admissible under these rules and may disallow any question, or a part thereof, when in the opinion of the Speaker, it is an abuse of the right of questioning or is calculated to obstruct or prejudicially affect the procedure of the House or is in contravention of these rules.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule lists exactly three grounds \u2014 statements 1, 2 and 3. <b>Statement 4 is INCORRECT<\/b>: being a matter of public importance is a reason to <i>admit<\/i> a question, never a ground to disallow it.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 205,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: Questions',\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 50(3), what is the procedure regarding discussion during Question Hour in respect of any question or answer?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"No discussion\",\r\n      \"Partial discussion\",\r\n      \"Full discussion\",\r\n      \"Short Notice Discussion\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) No discussion.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 50(3):<\/b> <i>\"No discussion shall be permitted during the time for questions under rule 32 in respect of any question or of any answer given to a question.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOnly supplementary questions are allowed during the Question Hour (Rule 50(1)) \u2014 and a supplementary must seek information, not give it (Rule 50(2)(ii)). Debate on the answer is barred; a matter needing elucidation must be pursued through a Half-an-Hour Discussion under Rule 55.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 206,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: Half-an-Hour Discussions',\r\n    question: \"How much time may the Speaker allot on three sittings in a week for a Half-an-Hour Discussion on a matter of sufficient public importance requiring further elucidation?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"15 minutes\",\r\n      \"Half an hour\",\r\n      \"45 minutes\",\r\n      \"One hour\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Half an hour.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may allot half an hour on three sittings in a week, for raising discussion on a matter of sufficient public importance which has been the subject of a recent question, oral or written, and the answer to which needs elucidation on a matter of fact.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the two limbs the question combines: <b>half an hour<\/b> of time, on <b>three sittings<\/b> in a week.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 207,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: Half-an-Hour Discussions',\r\n    question: \"How many Members are permitted in the Lok Sabha to ask one question each for the purpose of further elucidating any matter of fact?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not more than 4 Members\",\r\n      \"Not more than 5 Members\",\r\n      \"Not more than 6 Members\",\r\n      \"Not more than 7 Members\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Not more than 4 Members.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(5)<\/b> proviso: <i>\"Provided that not more than four members who have previously intimated to the Secretary-General may be permitted to ask a question each for the purpose of further elucidating any matter of fact.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe Explanation to Rule 55(5) adds that the request must be made in writing before the sitting commences, and if more than four members apply, <i>\"a ballot shall be held to determine the names of first four members who may be permitted to ask a question each.\"<\/i> There is no formal motion and no voting in a Half-an-Hour Discussion.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 208,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 9: Adjournment Motions',\r\n    question: \"How many notices under Rule 57 can a Member give for any one sitting?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not more than one notice\",\r\n      \"Not more than two notices\",\r\n      \"Not more than three notices\",\r\n      \"Not more than four notices\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Not more than one notice.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 57<\/b> second proviso: <i>\"Provided further that no member shall give more than one such notice for any one sitting.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nRule 57 also requires the notice of an adjournment motion to be given by 10.00 hours to the Secretary-General, with copies endorsed to the Speaker, the Minister concerned and the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs. Where a notice is signed by several members it is deemed given by the first signatory only, and a ballot determines priority among notices on the same subject.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 209,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"When a Bill is introduced or on some subsequent occasion, the Member-in-charge may make motions regarding his\/her own Bill. Which of the following motions is NOT correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"That it be taken into consideration\",\r\n      \"That it be referred to a Select Committee of the House\",\r\n      \"That it be referred to a Joint Committee of the Houses with the concurrence of the Council\",\r\n      \"That it be circulated merely for information without obtaining opinion thereon\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) \u2014 this motion is NOT among those permitted.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 74:<\/b> <i>\"When a Bill is introduced or on some subsequent occasion, the member in charge may make one of the following motions in regard to one's own Bill, namely:\u2014 (i) that it be taken into consideration; or (ii) that it be referred to a Select Committee of the House; or (iii) that it be referred to a Joint Committee of the Houses with the concurrence of the Council; or (iv) that it be circulated for the purpose of eliciting opinion thereon ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nClause (iv) is circulation <b>for the purpose of eliciting opinion<\/b> \u2014 not circulation \"merely for information without obtaining opinion\". Options A, B and C reproduce clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) correctly.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 210,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 11: Bills seeking to amend the Constitution',\r\n    question: \"Each clause or Schedule of a Constitution Amendment Bill shall form part of the Bill if passed by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not less than one-third of the Members present and voting\",\r\n      \"Not less than two-thirds of the Members present and voting\",\r\n      \"Not less than fifty percent of the Members present and voting\",\r\n      \"Not less than forty percent of the Members present and voting\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Not less than two-thirds of the Members present and voting.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 155:<\/b> <i>\"Each clause or schedule or clause, or schedule as amended, as the case may be, of a Bill seeking to amend the Constitution shall be put to the vote of the House separately and shall form part of the Bill if it is passed by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two thirds of the members present and voting ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis mirrors <b>Article 368(2)<\/b>. Note the last proviso: <i>\"the Short Title, the Enacting Formula and the Long Title may be adopted by a simple majority.\"<\/i> Voting must be by division (Rule 158(1)).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 211,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 12: Petitions',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following petitions cannot be presented by a Member to the House unless recommended by the President of India?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Petition dealing with financial matters\",\r\n      \"Petition dealing with a Bill published under Rule 64 or introduced in the House\",\r\n      \"Petition dealing with any matter connected with business pending before the House\",\r\n      \"Petition dealing with any matter of general public interest not covered under Rule 160(iii)\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Petition dealing with financial matters.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 160A:<\/b> <i>\"A petition, dealing with any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (f) of clause (1) of article 110 or involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India, shall not be presented to the House unless recommended by the President.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nArticle 110(1)(a)-(f) covers taxation, borrowing, the Consolidated\/Contingency Fund, appropriation and charged expenditure \u2014 i.e. financial matters. The other three options are the ordinary categories of petition presentable with the <b>Speaker's<\/b> consent under <b>Rule 160<\/b>, needing no Presidential recommendation.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 212,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 13: Resolutions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following conditions for admitting a Resolution in the Lok Sabha:<br>1. It shall be clearly and precisely expressed.<br>2. It shall raise substantially one definite issue.<br>3. It shall contain arguments and inferences.<br>4. It shall relate to any matter under adjudication by a court.<br>Which of the above conditions is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 173:<\/b> <i>\"In order that a resolution may be admissible, it shall satisfy the following conditions, namely:\u2014 (i) it shall be clearly and precisely expressed; (ii) it shall raise substantially one definite issue; (iii) it shall not contain arguments, inferences, ironical expressions, imputations or defamatory statements; (iv) it shall not refer to the conduct or character of persons except in their official or public capacity; and (v) it shall not relate to any matter which is under adjudication by a court of law having jurisdiction in any part of India.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nStatements 1 and 2 match clauses (i) and (ii). <b>Statements 3 and 4 invert clauses (iii) and (v)<\/b> \u2014 a resolution must <i>not<\/i> contain arguments\/inferences, and must <i>not<\/i> relate to a matter under judicial adjudication (the sub judice bar).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 213,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 13: Resolutions',\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 178 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Lok Sabha, what is the maximum time permitted for a speech on a Resolution?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"5 minutes\",\r\n      \"10 minutes\",\r\n      \"15 minutes\",\r\n      \"20 minutes\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 15 minutes.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 178:<\/b> <i>\"No speech on a resolution shall, except with the permission of the Speaker, exceed fifteen minutes in duration: Provided that the mover of a resolution, when moving the same and the Minister concerned when speaking for the first time, may speak for thirty minutes or for such longer time as the Speaker may permit.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo: <b>15 minutes<\/b> for an ordinary speech, <b>30 minutes<\/b> for the mover and for the Minister speaking first \u2014 both extendable by the Speaker.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 214,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 14: Motions',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following conditions applies for the admissibility of Motions in the House?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"It shall raise substantially one definite issue.\",\r\n      \"It shall refer to the conduct or character of persons except in their public capacity.\",\r\n      \"It shall not be restricted to a matter of recent occurrence.\",\r\n      \"It shall raise a question of privilege.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) It shall raise substantially one definite issue.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 186:<\/b> <i>\"In order that a motion may be admissible it shall satisfy the following conditions, namely:\u2014 (i) it shall raise substantially one definite issue; (ii) it shall not contain arguments, inferences, ironical expressions, imputations or defamatory statements; (iii) it shall not refer to the conduct or character of persons except in their public capacity; (iv) it shall be restricted to a matter of recent occurrence; (v) it shall not raise a question of privilege ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOption A is clause (i) stated correctly. Options B, C and D each drop or insert a negative and thereby reverse clauses (iii), (iv) and (v) respectively.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 215,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 14: Motions',\r\n    question: \"Who decides whether a Motion or a part thereof is admissible under the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Speaker\",\r\n      \"Leader of Opposition\",\r\n      \"Concerned Minister\",\r\n      \"Secretary-General\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 187:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall decide whether a motion or a part thereof is or is not admissible under these rules and disallow any motion or a part thereof when the Speaker is of the opinion that it is an abuse of the right of moving a motion or is calculated to obstruct or prejudicially affects the procedure of the House or is in contravention of these rules.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nCompare <b>Rule 43(1)<\/b>, which vests the identical power in the Speaker for questions.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 216,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned',\r\n    question: \"With reference to a No-Confidence Motion in the Lok Sabha, leave is granted if:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not less than 50 Members rise in their places.\",\r\n      \"Less than 45 Members rise in their places.\",\r\n      \"Less than 40 Members rise in their places.\",\r\n      \"Minimum 35 Members rise in their places.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Not less than 50 Members rise in their places.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(2):<\/b> <i>\"If the Speaker is of opinion that the motion is in order, the Speaker shall read the motion to the House and shall request those members who are in favour of leave being granted to rise in their places, and if not less than fifty members rise accordingly, the Speaker shall declare that leave is granted and that the motion will be taken up on such day, not being more than ten days from the date on which the leave is asked for as the Speaker may appoint. If less than fifty members rise, the Speaker shall inform that the member has not the leave of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nAlso note the two allied limits: notice by <b>10.00 hours<\/b> (Rule 198(1)(b)) and discussion within <b>ten days<\/b> of leave being asked for.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 217,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 19: Financial Business',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is correct regarding discussion on the Budget on the day it is presented to the House?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Discussion with the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"Discussion with the permission of the Deputy Speaker\",\r\n      \"Discussion with the consent of the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"No discussion on the day it is presented\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) No discussion on the day it is presented.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 205:<\/b> <i>\"There shall be no discussion of the Budget on the day on which it is presented to the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe general discussion comes later \u2014 <b>Rule 207(1):<\/b> <i>\"On a day to be appointed by the Speaker subsequent to the day on which the Budget is presented ... the House shall be at liberty to discuss the Budget as a whole or any question of principle involved therein, but no motion shall be moved nor shall the Budget be submitted to the vote of the House.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 218,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 20: Privileges',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is NOT correct regarding the right to raise a Question of Privilege?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not more than one question shall be raised at the same sitting.\",\r\n      \"Not less than five questions shall be raised at the same sitting.\",\r\n      \"The question shall be restricted to a specific matter of recent occurrence.\",\r\n      \"The matter requires the intervention of the House.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 224:<\/b> <i>\"The right to raise a question of privilege shall be governed by the following conditions, namely:\u2014 (i) not more than one question shall be raised at the same sitting; (ii) the question shall be restricted to a specific matter of recent occurrence; and (iii) the matter requires the intervention of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOptions A, C and D are clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) verbatim. Option B contradicts clause (i) \u2014 the cap is <b>one<\/b> question per sitting, not a floor of five. See also <b>Rule 222<\/b> (consent of the Speaker) and <b>Rule 223<\/b> (written notice by 10.00 hours).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 219,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 20: Privileges',\r\n    question: \"Under which Rule of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Lok Sabha is the Speaker empowered to give directions regarding Questions of Privilege?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rule 225\",\r\n      \"Rule 226\",\r\n      \"Rule 227\",\r\n      \"Rule 228\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Rule 228.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 228<\/b> (marginal note: \"Power of Speaker to give directions\"): <i>\"The Speaker may issue such directions as may be necessary for regulating the procedure in connection with all matters connected with the consideration of the question of privilege either in the Committee of Privileges or in the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nDistinguish the neighbouring rules: <b>Rule 225<\/b> \u2014 mode of raising questions of privilege; <b>Rule 226<\/b> \u2014 the House may consider the question or refer it to the Committee of Privileges on a motion; <b>Rule 227<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"Notwithstanding anything contained in these rules, the Speaker may refer any question of privilege to the Committee of Privileges for examination, investigation or report.\"<\/i>`\r\n  }\r\n\r\n];\r\n\r\n\/\/ End of allQuestions\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ STATE\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nlet initDone = false;\r\nlet currentMode = 'all';\r\nlet currentFilter = null;\r\nlet filteredQuestions = [...allQuestions];\r\nlet currentQuestionIndex = 0;\r\nlet selectedOption = null;\r\nlet answerChecked = false;\r\nlet sessionStats = { attempted: 0, correct: 0, incorrect: 0 };\r\nlet sessionStartTs = Date.now();\r\nlet sessionAnswers = {};\r\nlet progress = { questionStats: {}, weakAreas: [], lastQuestionId: null, lastMode: 'all', lastFilter: null, attemptLog: [] };\r\n\r\nconst $id = (x) => document.getElementById(x);\r\nconst CHAPTERS = [...new Set(allQuestions.map(q => q.chapter))];\r\nconst YEARS = [...new Set(allQuestions.map(q => q.year))];\r\n\/\/ Case-insensitive helpers: work for \"Ch 1:\", \"CH 1:\", \"ch 1:\" alike.\r\nconst chShort = (c) => c.replace(\/^CH\\s*(\\d+):.*$\/i, 'CH $1').replace('ANNEXURE\/Appendices', 'Annexures').replace('Manual of Procurement', 'Manual of Proc.');\r\nconst chFull = (c) => { const m = c.match(\/^CH\\s*\\d+:\\s*(.+)$\/i); return m ? m[1] : c; };\r\n\/\/ One label, printed once (fixes the earlier \"name: name\" doubling).\r\nconst chLabel = (c) => \/^CH\\s*\\d+:\/i.test(c) ? (chShort(c) + ': ' + chFull(c)) : c;\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ PERSISTENCE (localStorage)\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction loadProgress() {\r\n    try {\r\n        const saved = localStorage.getItem('quiz_progress_' + quizConfig.quizId);\r\n        if (saved) {\r\n            const p = JSON.parse(saved);\r\n            progress = Object.assign(progress, p);\r\n            if (!progress.questionStats) progress.questionStats = {};\r\n            if (!Array.isArray(progress.weakAreas)) progress.weakAreas = [];\r\n            if (!Array.isArray(progress.attemptLog)) progress.attemptLog = [];\r\n        }\r\n    } catch (e) { console.warn('Progress load failed', e); }\r\n}\r\nfunction saveProgress() {\r\n    try {\r\n        if (progress.attemptLog.length > 500) progress.attemptLog = progress.attemptLog.slice(-500);\r\n        localStorage.setItem('quiz_progress_' + quizConfig.quizId, JSON.stringify(progress));\r\n    } catch (e) { console.warn('Progress save failed', e); }\r\n}\r\nfunction getQStat(qid) {\r\n    if (!progress.questionStats[qid]) progress.questionStats[qid] = { correct: 0, incorrect: 0, lastAttempt: null, lastCorrect: null };\r\n    return progress.questionStats[qid];\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ TOAST\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nlet toastTimer = null;\r\nfunction showToast(msg, type) {\r\n    const t = $id('warningToast');\r\n    $id('toastMessage').textContent = msg;\r\n    t.classList.toggle('success', type === 'success');\r\n    t.classList.add('show');\r\n    clearTimeout(toastTimer);\r\n    toastTimer = setTimeout(() => t.classList.remove('show'), 2600);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ TAB NAVIGATION\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction switchView(view) {\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('.gfr-portal .gp-tab').forEach(b => b.classList.toggle('active', b.dataset.view === view));\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('.gfr-portal .gp-view').forEach(v => v.classList.toggle('active', v.id === 'view-' + view));\r\n    if (view === 'analytics') renderAnalytics();\r\n    if (view === 'performance') renderAI();\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ MODE \/ FILTERS\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction setMode(mode, filter) {\r\n    currentMode = mode;\r\n    currentFilter = filter || null;\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('.gfr-portal .mode-tab').forEach(t => t.classList.toggle('active', t.dataset.mode === mode));\r\n    $id('yearFilterCard').style.display = (mode === 'year') ? '' : 'none';\r\n    $id('chapterFilterCard').style.display = (mode === 'chapter') ? '' : 'none';\r\n    $id('weakAreasCard').style.display = (mode === 'weak') ? '' : 'none';\r\n    applyFilters();\r\n    progress.lastMode = mode; progress.lastFilter = currentFilter; saveProgress();\r\n}\r\nfunction applyFilters() {\r\n    if (currentMode === 'all') filteredQuestions = [...allQuestions];\r\n    else if (currentMode === 'year') filteredQuestions = currentFilter ? allQuestions.filter(q => q.year === currentFilter) : [...allQuestions];\r\n    else if (currentMode === 'chapter') filteredQuestions = currentFilter ? allQuestions.filter(q => q.chapter === currentFilter) : [...allQuestions];\r\n    else if (currentMode === 'weak') {\r\n        filteredQuestions = allQuestions.filter(q => progress.weakAreas.includes(q.id));\r\n        if (!filteredQuestions.length) { showToast('No weak areas yet \u2014 great going!', 'success'); filteredQuestions = [...allQuestions]; setMode('all'); return; }\r\n    }\r\n    currentQuestionIndex = 0;\r\n    sessionStats = { attempted: 0, correct: 0, incorrect: 0 };\r\n    sessionStartTs = Date.now();\r\n    sessionAnswers = {};\r\n    renderFilters(); renderGrid(); loadQuestion(); updateStats();\r\n}\r\nfunction renderFilters() {\r\n    $id('yearList').innerHTML = YEARS.map(y => {\r\n        const n = allQuestions.filter(q => q.year === y).length;\r\n        return '<div class=\"filter-item' + (currentMode === 'year' && currentFilter === y ? ' active' : '') + '\" data-year=\"' + y + '\"><span class=\"filter-text\">' + y + '<\/span><span class=\"filter-count\">' + n + '<\/span><\/div>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n    $id('chapterList').innerHTML = CHAPTERS.map(c => {\r\n        const n = allQuestions.filter(q => q.chapter === c).length;\r\n        return '<div class=\"filter-item' + (currentMode === 'chapter' && currentFilter === c ? ' active' : '') + '\" data-chapter=\"' + encodeURIComponent(c) + '\" title=\"' + c + '\"><span class=\"filter-text\">' + chLabel(c) + '<\/span><span class=\"filter-count\">' + n + '<\/span><\/div>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n    renderWeakList();\r\n}\r\nfunction renderWeakList() {\r\n    const list = $id('weakQuestionList');\r\n    const weak = allQuestions.filter(q => progress.weakAreas.includes(q.id));\r\n    list.innerHTML = weak.length ? weak.map(q => {\r\n        const s = getQStat(q.id);\r\n        return '<div class=\"weak-question-item\" data-goto=\"' + q.id + '\"><span class=\"q-num\">Q' + q.id + '<\/span><span class=\"q-text\">' + q.question.replace(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/gi, ' ').substring(0, 60) + '\u2026<\/span><span class=\"wrong-count\">' + s.incorrect + '\u2717<\/span><\/div>';\r\n    }).join('') : '<p style=\"font-size:12.5px;color:var(--mut);text-align:center;padding:14px 4px;\">No weak areas. Keep practising!<\/p>';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ QUESTION RENDERING\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction loadQuestion() {\r\n    const q = filteredQuestions[currentQuestionIndex];\r\n    if (!q) {\r\n        $id('questionText').innerHTML = '<b>No questions loaded yet.<\/b> Paste your MCQ objects into the <code>allQuestions<\/code> array in this file (format documented at the array) and reload.';\r\n        $id('optionsList').innerHTML = '';\r\n        $id('questionNumber').textContent = 'Question 0 of 0';\r\n        return;\r\n    }\r\n    selectedOption = null; answerChecked = false;\r\n    $id('questionNumber').textContent = 'Question ' + (currentQuestionIndex + 1) + ' of ' + filteredQuestions.length;\r\n    $id('currentQuestionYear').textContent = q.year;\r\n    $id('currentQuestionChapter').textContent = chLabel(q.chapter);\r\n    $id('weakBadge').style.display = progress.weakAreas.includes(q.id) ? '' : 'none';\r\n    $id('questionText').innerHTML = formatQuestion(q);\r\n    $id('explanationBox').classList.remove('show');\r\n    renderOptions(q);\r\n    renderMastery(q);\r\n    const prior = sessionAnswers[q.id];\r\n    if (prior !== undefined) revealAnswer(q, prior, true);\r\n    $id('prevBtn').disabled = currentQuestionIndex === 0;\r\n    $id('nextBtn').disabled = currentQuestionIndex === filteredQuestions.length - 1;\r\n    $id('checkBtn').disabled = prior !== undefined;\r\n    renderGrid();\r\n    progress.lastQuestionId = q.id; saveProgress();\r\n    if (initDone && window.innerWidth <= 900) {\r\n        const p = document.querySelector('.gfr-portal .question-panel');\r\n        if (p) p.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start' });\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\/\/ UPSC exam-paper formatting: numbered statements get their own spaced rows,\r\n\/\/ the \"Select the correct answer \/ Which of the above\" lead sits on its own line.\r\n\/\/ Splits on BOTH \"\\n\" and \"<br>\" so either style works in pasted data.\r\nfunction formatQuestion(q) {\r\n    const parts = q.question.split(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/i);\r\n    let html = '<span class=\"q-stem\"><b>Q' + q.id + '.<\/b> ' + (parts[0] || '') + '<\/span>';\r\n    for (let i = 1; i < parts.length; i++) {\r\n        const seg = parts[i].trim();\r\n        if (!seg) continue;\r\n        const m = seg.match(\/^(\\d+)\\.\\s*(.*)$\/s);\r\n        if (m) html += '<span class=\"q-stmt\"><span class=\"sn\">' + m[1] + '.<\/span><span>' + m[2] + '<\/span><\/span>';\r\n        else if (\/^(select the correct|which of the (above|following|statements)|choose the correct|consider the following)\/i.test(seg))\r\n            html += '<span class=\"q-lead\">' + seg + '<\/span>';\r\n        else html += '<span class=\"q-lead\" style=\"font-style:normal\">' + seg + '<\/span>';\r\n    }\r\n    return html;\r\n}\r\nfunction renderOptions(q) {\r\n    $id('optionsList').innerHTML = q.options.map((opt, i) =>\r\n        '<div class=\"option-item\" data-opt=\"' + i + '\"><span class=\"option-letter\">(' + String.fromCharCode(97 + i) + ')<\/span><span class=\"option-text\">' + opt + '<\/span><i class=\"option-icon\" style=\"margin-top:4px\"><\/i><\/div>'\r\n    ).join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction renderMastery(q) {\r\n    const s = getQStat(q.id);\r\n    const mi = $id('masteryIndicator');\r\n    if (s.correct + s.incorrect === 0) { mi.classList.remove('show'); return; }\r\n    mi.classList.add('show');\r\n    const stars = $id('masteryStars').querySelectorAll('i');\r\n    stars.forEach((st, i) => st.classList.toggle('filled', i < Math.min(s.correct, 5)));\r\n}\r\nfunction checkAnswer() {\r\n    if (answerChecked || selectedOption === null) { if (selectedOption === null) showToast('Select an option first'); return; }\r\n    const q = filteredQuestions[currentQuestionIndex];\r\n    const isCorrect = selectedOption === q.correct;\r\n    sessionAnswers[q.id] = selectedOption;\r\n    sessionStats.attempted++; isCorrect ? sessionStats.correct++ : sessionStats.incorrect++;\r\n    updateQuestionStats(q, isCorrect);\r\n    revealAnswer(q, selectedOption, false);\r\n    updateStats(); renderGrid(); renderWeakList(); updateHeader();\r\n}\r\nfunction revealAnswer(q, chosen, restoring) {\r\n    answerChecked = true;\r\n    const items = $id('optionsList').querySelectorAll('.option-item');\r\n    items.forEach((it, i) => {\r\n        it.classList.add('disabled');\r\n        if (i === q.correct) { it.classList.add('correct'); const oi=it.querySelector('.option-icon'); oi.textContent='\\u2713'; oi.style.fontStyle='normal'; }\r\n        else if (i === chosen) { it.classList.add('incorrect'); const oj=it.querySelector('.option-icon'); oj.textContent='\\u2717'; oj.style.fontStyle='normal'; }\r\n    });\r\n    $id('explanationText').innerHTML = q.explanation;\r\n    $id('explanationBox').classList.add('show');\r\n    $id('checkBtn').disabled = true;\r\n    renderMastery(q);\r\n    if (!restoring) showToast(chosen === q.correct ? 'Correct! Well done.' : 'Incorrect \u2014 read the explanation.', chosen === q.correct ? 'success' : '');\r\n}\r\nfunction updateQuestionStats(q, isCorrect) {\r\n    const s = getQStat(q.id);\r\n    isCorrect ? s.correct++ : s.incorrect++;\r\n    s.lastAttempt = Date.now(); s.lastCorrect = isCorrect;\r\n    progress.attemptLog.push({ qid: q.id, correct: isCorrect, ts: Date.now() });\r\n    const isWeak = progress.weakAreas.includes(q.id);\r\n    if (!isCorrect && s.incorrect >= quizConfig.weakThreshold && !isWeak) progress.weakAreas.push(q.id);\r\n    if (isCorrect && isWeak && s.correct >= quizConfig.masteryThreshold) progress.weakAreas = progress.weakAreas.filter(id => id !== q.id);\r\n    saveProgress();\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ GRID + STATS\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction renderGrid() {\r\n    $id('questionGrid').innerHTML = filteredQuestions.map((q, i) => {\r\n        let cls = 'unattempted';\r\n        const ans = sessionAnswers[q.id];\r\n        if (ans !== undefined) cls = (ans === q.correct) ? 'correct-answered' : 'incorrect-answered';\r\n        else { const s = progress.questionStats[q.id]; if (s && (s.correct + s.incorrect) > 0) cls = 'attempted'; }\r\n        if (i === currentQuestionIndex) cls = 'current';\r\n        const weak = progress.weakAreas.includes(q.id) ? ' weak-marked' : '';\r\n        return '<div class=\"grid-item ' + cls + weak + '\" data-idx=\"' + i + '\" title=\"Q' + q.id + '\">' + (i + 1) + '<\/div>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction masteredCount() { return allQuestions.filter(q => { const s = progress.questionStats[q.id]; return s && s.correct >= quizConfig.masteryThreshold; }).length; }\r\nfunction updateStats() {\r\n    $id('totalQuestions').textContent = filteredQuestions.length;\r\n    $id('attemptedCount').textContent = sessionStats.attempted;\r\n    $id('correctCount').textContent = sessionStats.correct;\r\n    $id('incorrectCount').textContent = sessionStats.incorrect;\r\n    const mastered = masteredCount();\r\n    const pct = allQuestions.length ? Math.round(mastered \/ allQuestions.length * 100) : 0;\r\n    $id('progressPercentage').textContent = pct + '%';\r\n    $id('progressRingFill').style.strokeDashoffset = 264 - (264 * pct \/ 100);\r\n    $id('totalCorrectProgress').textContent = Object.values(progress.questionStats).reduce((a, s) => a + s.correct, 0);\r\n    $id('totalWeakProgress').textContent = progress.weakAreas.length;\r\n    $id('allCount').textContent = allQuestions.length;\r\n    $id('weakModeCount').textContent = progress.weakAreas.length;\r\n}\r\nfunction updateHeader() {\r\n    $id('hdrTotalQ').textContent = allQuestions.length;\r\n    $id('hdrCycles').textContent = YEARS.length;\r\n    const pct = allQuestions.length ? Math.round(masteredCount() \/ allQuestions.length * 100) : 0;\r\n    $id('hdrMastered').textContent = pct + '%';\r\n    const w = progress.weakAreas.length;\r\n    $id('weakBadgeHeader').style.display = w ? '' : 'none';\r\n    $id('weakCountHeader').textContent = w;\r\n    const r = computeReadiness();\r\n    $id('hdrReadiness').textContent = r.attempted ? r.score + '%' : '\u2014';\r\n    $id('perfPill').style.display = w >= 5 ? '' : 'none';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ SUBMIT \/ RESULT \/ RESETS\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction submitExam() {\r\n    if (!sessionStats.attempted) { showToast('Attempt at least one question first'); return; }\r\n    const pct = Math.round(sessionStats.correct \/ sessionStats.attempted * 100);\r\n    $id('resultCorrect').textContent = sessionStats.correct;\r\n    $id('resultIncorrect').textContent = sessionStats.incorrect;\r\n    $id('resultScore').textContent = pct + '%';\r\n    $id('resultIcon').textContent = pct >= 80 ? '\ud83c\udfc6' : pct >= 60 ? '\ud83c\udf89' : pct >= 40 ? '\ud83d\udcd6' : '\ud83d\udcaa';\r\n    $id('resultTitle').textContent = pct >= 80 ? 'Outstanding!' : pct >= 60 ? 'Great Job!' : pct >= 40 ? 'Keep Practising!' : 'Needs Revision';\r\n    $id('resultMessage').textContent = 'You attempted ' + sessionStats.attempted + ' of ' + filteredQuestions.length + ' questions in this session.';\r\n    $id('practiceWeakBtn').style.display = progress.weakAreas.length ? '' : 'none';\r\n    $id('resultModal').classList.add('show');\r\n    if (quizConfig.useWordPressSync && typeof window.cssaddaSaveQuizResult === 'function') {\r\n        window.cssaddaSaveQuizResult({\r\n            quiz_id: quizConfig.quizId,\r\n            score: sessionStats.correct,\r\n            total_questions: sessionStats.attempted,\r\n            percentage: pct,\r\n            time_taken: Math.round((Date.now() - sessionStartTs) \/ 1000),\r\n            answers: sessionAnswers\r\n        });\r\n    }\r\n}\r\nfunction reviewAnswers() { $id('resultModal').classList.remove('show'); currentQuestionIndex = 0; loadQuestion(); }\r\nfunction retryQuiz() { $id('resultModal').classList.remove('show'); sessionStats = { attempted: 0, correct: 0, incorrect: 0 }; sessionAnswers = {}; currentQuestionIndex = 0; loadQuestion(); updateStats(); }\r\n\/\/ SESSION RESET (Practice tab): clears ONLY this session's answers\/score.\r\n\/\/ Lifetime performance (mastery, weak areas, attempt history) is preserved.\r\nfunction resetSession() {\r\n    if (!confirm('Reset this session? Only the current answers and session score are cleared \u2014 your lifetime performance and mastery are kept.')) return;\r\n    sessionStats = { attempted: 0, correct: 0, incorrect: 0 };\r\n    sessionAnswers = {};\r\n    sessionStartTs = Date.now();\r\n    currentQuestionIndex = 0;\r\n    loadQuestion(); updateStats(); renderGrid();\r\n    showToast('Session reset \u2014 performance data kept', 'success');\r\n}\r\n\/\/ PERFORMANCE RESET (My Performance tab): wipes lifetime data after confirm.\r\nfunction resetPerformance() {\r\n    if (!confirm('Permanently erase ALL lifetime performance for this quiz?\\n\\nThis clears mastery stars, weak areas, accuracy history and the readiness score. This cannot be undone.')) return;\r\n    progress = { questionStats: {}, weakAreas: [], lastQuestionId: null, lastMode: 'all', lastFilter: null, attemptLog: [] };\r\n    saveProgress();\r\n    sessionStats = { attempted: 0, correct: 0, incorrect: 0 };\r\n    sessionAnswers = {};\r\n    sessionStartTs = Date.now();\r\n    setMode('all');\r\n    updateHeader();\r\n    renderAI();\r\n    showToast('Lifetime performance erased', 'success');\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ TAB 2 \u2014 DYNAMIC EXAM ANALYTICS\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction chapterCounts() {\r\n    const map = {};\r\n    allQuestions.forEach(q => { map[q.chapter] = (map[q.chapter] || 0) + 1; });\r\n    return Object.entries(map).sort((a, b) => b[1] - a[1]);\r\n}\r\nlet analyticsRendered = false;\r\nfunction renderAnalytics() {\r\n    if (analyticsRendered) return; analyticsRendered = true;\r\n    const total = allQuestions.length;\r\n    if (!total) {\r\n        $id('rankedBars').innerHTML = '<div class=\"ai-empty\"><div class=\"big\">No questions loaded yet<\/div><p>Paste your MCQs into the <b>allQuestions<\/b> array and reload \u2014 the analytics build themselves from the data.<\/p><\/div>';\r\n        return;\r\n    }\r\n    const ranked = chapterCounts();\r\n    const max = ranked[0][1];\r\n    \/\/ FIXED: chapter name printed ONCE (was chShort + ': ' + chFull which doubled\r\n    \/\/ the name whenever the helpers couldn't parse the prefix). Wraps via CSS.\r\n    $id('rankedBars').innerHTML = ranked.map(([c, n], i) => {\r\n        const pct = (n \/ total * 100).toFixed(1);\r\n        const grad = n >= 15 ? 'linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold-l),var(--gold))' : 'linear-gradient(90deg,#93c5fd,var(--navy))';\r\n        return '<div class=\"bar-row\"><span class=\"bar-rank\">' + (i + 1) + '<\/span><span class=\"bar-name\" title=\"' + c + '\">' + chLabel(c) + '<\/span><div class=\"bar-track\"><div class=\"bar-fill\" style=\"width:' + (n \/ max * 100) + '%;background:' + grad + '\"><\/div><\/div><span class=\"bar-val\">' + n + '<span class=\"pct\">' + pct + '%<\/span><\/span><\/div>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Heatmap\r\n    const shade = (n) => n === 0 ? '#fff' : n === 1 ? '#fdf6e3' : n === 2 ? '#f6e7b8' : n <= 4 ? '#e9cf7f' : n <= 6 ? '#d8b23f' : '#c9992a';\r\n    const fg = (n) => n >= 5 ? '#fff' : 'inherit';\r\n    let thead = '<tr><th>Chapter<\/th>' + YEARS.map(y => '<th>' + y + '<\/th>').join('') + '<th>Total<\/th><\/tr>';\r\n    let tbody = chapterCounts().map(([c]) => {\r\n        const cells = YEARS.map(y => {\r\n            const n = allQuestions.filter(q => q.chapter === c && q.year === y).length;\r\n            return '<td style=\"background:' + shade(n) + ';color:' + fg(n) + ';font-weight:' + (n ? '600' : '400') + '\">' + (n || '\u00b7') + '<\/td>';\r\n        }).join('');\r\n        const tot = allQuestions.filter(q => q.chapter === c).length;\r\n        return '<tr><td class=\"rn\" title=\"' + c + '\">' + chLabel(c) + '<\/td>' + cells + '<td class=\"rt\">' + tot + '<\/td><\/tr>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n    let tfoot = '<tr><td>Total<\/td>' + YEARS.map(y => '<td>' + allQuestions.filter(q => q.year === y).length + '<\/td>').join('') + '<td>' + total + '<\/td><\/tr>';\r\n    $id('heatmapContainer').innerHTML = '<table class=\"matrix\"><thead>' + thead + '<\/thead><tbody>' + tbody + '<\/tbody><tfoot>' + tfoot + '<\/tfoot><\/table>';\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Cycle chart\r\n    const yMax = Math.max(...YEARS.map(y => allQuestions.filter(q => q.year === y).length));\r\n    $id('cycleChart').innerHTML = YEARS.map(y => {\r\n        const n = allQuestions.filter(q => q.year === y).length;\r\n        return '<div class=\"yb\"><div class=\"yb-bar\" style=\"height:' + Math.max(8, n \/ yMax * 100) + '%\"><span>' + n + '<\/span><\/div><div class=\"yb-lab\">' + y + '<\/div><\/div>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Takeaways (guarded for quizzes with fewer than 3 chapters)\r\n    const [c1, n1] = ranked[0];\r\n    const second = ranked[1], third = ranked[2];\r\n    const latest = YEARS[YEARS.length - 1];\r\n    const latestN = allQuestions.filter(q => q.year === latest).length;\r\n    let takeaways = '<div class=\"ins\"><h4><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udd25<\/span> Highest-Yield Chapter<\/h4><p><b>' + chLabel(c1) + '<\/b> alone contributes <b>' + n1 + ' questions (' + (n1 \/ total * 100).toFixed(1) + '%)<\/b> \u2014 master it first.<\/p><\/div>';\r\n    if (second && third) {\r\n        const top3pct = Math.round((n1 + second[1] + third[1]) \/ total * 100);\r\n        takeaways += '<div class=\"ins\"><h4><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\uddc2\ufe0f<\/span> Top-3 Concentration<\/h4><p><b>' + chShort(c1) + ', ' + chShort(second[0]) + ' &amp; ' + chShort(third[0]) + '<\/b> together cover <b>' + top3pct + '%<\/b> of all PYQs \u2014 prioritise these before anything else.<\/p><\/div>';\r\n    }\r\n    takeaways += \r\n        '<div class=\"ins\"><h4><span class=\"ic\">\ud83c\udfaf<\/span> Strategy<\/h4><p>Use <b>By Chapter<\/b> mode for high-weight chapters, then switch to <b>Weak Areas<\/b> mode until every question shows <b>' + quizConfig.masteryThreshold + '\u2605 mastery<\/b>.<\/p><\/div>';\r\n    $id('takeaways').innerHTML = takeaways;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ TAB 3 \u2014 AI COACH ENGINE (rule-based, client-side)\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction chapterStats() {\r\n    const total = allQuestions.length;\r\n    return chapterCounts().map(([c, n]) => {\r\n        const qs = allQuestions.filter(q => q.chapter === c);\r\n        let attempted = 0, correct = 0, incorrect = 0, scoreSum = 0;\r\n        qs.forEach(q => {\r\n            const s = progress.questionStats[q.id];\r\n            if (s && (s.correct + s.incorrect) > 0) { attempted++; correct += s.correct; incorrect += s.incorrect; }\r\n            scoreSum += s ? Math.min(s.correct \/ quizConfig.masteryThreshold, 1) : 0;\r\n        });\r\n        const acc = (correct + incorrect) ? correct \/ (correct + incorrect) : null;\r\n        const weight = n \/ total;\r\n        const coverage = attempted \/ n;\r\n        const mastery = scoreSum \/ n;\r\n        const priority = weight * (acc === null ? 0.85 : (1 - acc)) * (0.5 + 0.5 * (1 - coverage));\r\n        return { chapter: c, count: n, weight, attempted, coverage, acc, mastery, priority };\r\n    });\r\n}\r\nfunction computeReadiness() {\r\n    const stats = chapterStats();\r\n    const score = Math.round(stats.reduce((a, s) => a + s.weight * s.mastery, 0) * 100);\r\n    const attempted = Object.values(progress.questionStats).some(s => (s.correct + s.incorrect) > 0);\r\n    return { score, attempted, stats };\r\n}\r\nfunction renderAI() {\r\n    if (!allQuestions.length) {\r\n        $id('aiEmptyState').style.display = '';\r\n        $id('aiContent').style.display = 'none';\r\n        return;\r\n    }\r\n    const { score, attempted, stats } = computeReadiness();\r\n    $id('aiEmptyState').style.display = attempted ? 'none' : '';\r\n    $id('aiContent').style.display = attempted ? '' : 'none';\r\n    if (!attempted) return;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Readiness ring\r\n    $id('aiScore').textContent = score;\r\n    $id('aiRingFill').style.strokeDashoffset = 402 - (402 * score \/ 100);\r\n    const verdict = score >= 80 ? '<b>Exam-ready.<\/b> Maintain with the revision queue and weak-area drills.'\r\n        : score >= 60 ? '<b>Strong base.<\/b> Close the gaps in your top-weight chapters to cross 80.'\r\n        : score >= 35 ? '<b>Building up.<\/b> Focus on the priority chapters below \u2014 they move your score fastest.'\r\n        : '<b>Early stage.<\/b> Start with the highest-weight chapters; every mastered question compounds.';\r\n    $id('aiVerdict').innerHTML = verdict + '<br><span style=\"font-size:11.8px;opacity:.8\">Score = \u03a3 (chapter exam-weight \u00d7 your mastery), computed from ' + YEARS.length + ' cycles of PYQ data.<\/span>';\r\n\r\n    \/\/ KPIs\r\n    const totalAttempted = allQuestions.filter(q => { const s = progress.questionStats[q.id]; return s && (s.correct + s.incorrect) > 0; }).length;\r\n    const allC = Object.values(progress.questionStats).reduce((a, s) => a + s.correct, 0);\r\n    const allI = Object.values(progress.questionStats).reduce((a, s) => a + s.incorrect, 0);\r\n    const accAll = (allC + allI) ? Math.round(allC \/ (allC + allI) * 100) : 0;\r\n    const recent = progress.attemptLog.slice(-20);\r\n    const accRecent = recent.length ? Math.round(recent.filter(a => a.correct).length \/ recent.length * 100) : 0;\r\n    const trendArrow = recent.length >= 5 ? (accRecent > accAll ? ' <span style=\"color:var(--green)\">\\u2197<\/span>' : accRecent < accAll ? ' <span style=\"color:var(--red)\">\\u2198<\/span>' : '') : '';\r\n    $id('aiKpis').innerHTML =\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-kpi\"><div class=\"n\">' + totalAttempted + '\/' + allQuestions.length + '<\/div><div class=\"l\">Coverage<\/div><\/div>' +\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-kpi\"><div class=\"n ' + (accAll >= 70 ? 'g' : accAll >= 45 ? 'a' : 'r') + '\">' + accAll + '%<\/div><div class=\"l\">Lifetime Accuracy<\/div><\/div>' +\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-kpi\"><div class=\"n ' + (accRecent >= 70 ? 'g' : accRecent >= 45 ? 'a' : 'r') + '\">' + accRecent + '%' + trendArrow + '<\/div><div class=\"l\">Last 20 Attempts<\/div><\/div>' +\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-kpi\"><div class=\"n g\">' + masteredCount() + '<\/div><div class=\"l\">Mastered (' + quizConfig.masteryThreshold + '\u2605)<\/div><\/div>' +\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-kpi\"><div class=\"n r\">' + progress.weakAreas.length + '<\/div><div class=\"l\">Weak Questions<\/div><\/div>';\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Smart study plan\r\n    const byPriority = [...stats].sort((a, b) => b.priority - a.priority);\r\n    const recos = [];\r\n    byPriority.slice(0, 3).forEach(s => {\r\n        if (s.acc === null) recos.push({ ic: 'warm', icon: '\ud83e\udded', txt: '<b>' + chShort(s.chapter) + '<\/b> carries <b>' + Math.round(s.weight * 100) + '%<\/b> of the paper but you haven\\u2019t attempted it yet \u2014 begin here.', ch: s.chapter });\r\n        else if (s.acc < 0.6) recos.push({ ic: 'hot', icon: '\ud83d\udd25', txt: '<b>' + chShort(s.chapter) + '<\/b>: exam weight <b>' + Math.round(s.weight * 100) + '%<\/b>, your accuracy only <b>' + Math.round(s.acc * 100) + '%<\/b> \u2014 highest payoff zone right now.', ch: s.chapter });\r\n        else if (s.coverage < 0.6) recos.push({ ic: 'cool', icon: '\ud83d\udd0d', txt: '<b>' + chShort(s.chapter) + '<\/b>: accuracy is fine (' + Math.round(s.acc * 100) + '%) but you\\u2019ve only covered <b>' + Math.round(s.coverage * 100) + '%<\/b> of its PYQs \u2014 finish the set.', ch: s.chapter });\r\n    });\r\n    if (progress.weakAreas.length >= 3) recos.push({ ic: 'hot', icon: '\u26a0\ufe0f', txt: 'You have <b>' + progress.weakAreas.length + ' weak questions<\/b> flagged. One focused Weak-Areas session will clear the backlog.', weak: true });\r\n    const due = revisionDue();\r\n    if (due.length) recos.push({ ic: 'warm', icon: '\ud83d\udd01', txt: '<b>' + due.length + ' mastered questions<\/b> haven\\u2019t been touched in over ' + quizConfig.revisionGapDays + ' days \u2014 revise before they fade.' });\r\n    const best = [...stats].filter(s => s.acc !== null).sort((a, b) => b.acc - a.acc)[0];\r\n    if (best && best.acc >= 0.75) recos.push({ ic: 'good', icon: '\ud83c\udfc5', txt: 'Strongest area: <b>' + chShort(best.chapter) + '<\/b> at <b>' + Math.round(best.acc * 100) + '%<\/b> accuracy \u2014 bank these marks on exam day.' });\r\n    $id('aiRecoList').innerHTML = recos.map(r =>\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-reco\"><span class=\"ic ' + r.ic + '\">' + r.icon + '<\/span><p>' + r.txt + '<\/p>' +\r\n        (r.ch ? '<button class=\"go\" data-practice-ch=\"' + encodeURIComponent(r.ch) + '\">Practice \\u2192<\/button>' : r.weak ? '<button class=\"go\" data-practice-weak=\"1\">Start \\u2192<\/button>' : '') + '<\/div>'\r\n    ).join('');\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Performance table\r\n    $id('perfTableBody').innerHTML = byPriority.map(s => {\r\n        const accPct = s.acc === null ? null : Math.round(s.acc * 100);\r\n        const tag = s.acc === null ? '<span class=\"tag na\">Not started<\/span>'\r\n            : accPct < 45 ? '<span class=\"tag hot\">Critical<\/span>'\r\n            : accPct < 65 ? '<span class=\"tag warm\">Needs work<\/span>'\r\n            : accPct < 85 ? '<span class=\"tag ok\">On track<\/span>'\r\n            : '<span class=\"tag good\">Strong<\/span>';\r\n        const accBar = s.acc === null ? '\u2014' : '<div class=\"mini-track\"><div class=\"mini-fill\" style=\"width:' + accPct + '%;background:' + (accPct < 45 ? 'var(--red)' : accPct < 65 ? 'var(--amber)' : 'var(--green)') + '\"><\/div><\/div><span style=\"font-size:11.5px\">' + accPct + '%<\/span>';\r\n        return '<tr><td title=\"' + s.chapter + '\">' + chLabel(s.chapter) + '<\/td><td><b>' + Math.round(s.weight * 100) + '%<\/b> <span style=\"color:var(--faint);font-size:11.2px\">(' + s.count + ' Qs)<\/span><\/td><td>' + s.attempted + '\/' + s.count + '<\/td><td>' + accBar + '<\/td><td>' + tag + '<\/td><td><button class=\"mini-go\" data-practice-ch=\"' + encodeURIComponent(s.chapter) + '\">Practice<\/button><\/td><\/tr>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Revision queue\r\n    $id('revisionQueue').innerHTML = due.length ? due.slice(0, 8).map(({ q, days }) =>\r\n        '<div class=\"rev-item\" data-goto=\"' + q.id + '\"><span class=\"q-num\">Q' + q.id + '<\/span><span class=\"q-text\">' + q.question.replace(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/gi, ' ').substring(0, 55) + '\u2026<\/span><span class=\"days\">' + days + 'd ago<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    ).join('') : '<div class=\"ai-empty\" style=\"padding:18px\"><p style=\"font-size:13.3px\">Nothing due for revision. Mastered questions reappear here after ' + quizConfig.revisionGapDays + ' days.<\/p><\/div>';\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Mastery distribution\r\n    const buckets = [0, 0, 0, 0]; \/\/ untouched, learning, close, mastered\r\n    allQuestions.forEach(q => {\r\n        const s = progress.questionStats[q.id];\r\n        if (!s || (s.correct + s.incorrect) === 0) buckets[0]++;\r\n        else if (s.correct >= quizConfig.masteryThreshold) buckets[3]++;\r\n        else if (s.correct >= 2) buckets[2]++;\r\n        else buckets[1]++;\r\n    });\r\n    const labels = ['Untouched', 'Learning (0\u20131\u2605)', 'Almost there (2\u2605)', 'Mastered (' + quizConfig.masteryThreshold + '\u2605+)'];\r\n    const colors = ['#cbd5e1', 'var(--amber)', 'var(--navy-l)', 'var(--green)'];\r\n    $id('masteryDist').innerHTML = buckets.map((n, i) =>\r\n        '<div class=\"bar-row\" style=\"grid-template-columns:minmax(130px,1fr) 2fr auto\"><span class=\"bar-name\">' + labels[i] + '<\/span><div class=\"bar-track\"><div class=\"bar-fill\" style=\"width:' + (allQuestions.length ? n \/ allQuestions.length * 100 : 0) + '%;background:' + colors[i] + '\"><\/div><\/div><span class=\"bar-val\">' + n + '<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    ).join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction revisionDue() {\r\n    const now = Date.now(), gap = quizConfig.revisionGapDays * 86400000;\r\n    return allQuestions.map(q => {\r\n        const s = progress.questionStats[q.id];\r\n        if (s && s.correct >= quizConfig.masteryThreshold && s.lastAttempt && (now - s.lastAttempt) > gap)\r\n            return { q, days: Math.floor((now - s.lastAttempt) \/ 86400000) };\r\n        return null;\r\n    }).filter(Boolean).sort((a, b) => b.days - a.days);\r\n}\r\nfunction gotoQuestion(qid) {\r\n    switchView('practice');\r\n    let idx = filteredQuestions.findIndex(q => q.id === qid);\r\n    if (idx === -1) { setMode('all'); idx = filteredQuestions.findIndex(q => q.id === qid); }\r\n    if (idx !== -1) { currentQuestionIndex = idx; loadQuestion(); }\r\n}\r\nfunction practiceChapter(ch) {\r\n    switchView('practice');\r\n    setMode('chapter', ch);\r\n    showToast('Filtered to ' + chShort(ch), 'success');\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ EVENT DELEGATION (single listener)\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\ndocument.addEventListener('click', function (e) {\r\n    const w = e.target.closest('.gfr-portal');\r\n    if (!w) return;\r\n    const tab = e.target.closest('.gp-tab'); if (tab) { switchView(tab.dataset.view); return; }\r\n    const mode = e.target.closest('.mode-tab'); if (mode) { setMode(mode.dataset.mode); return; }\r\n    const yf = e.target.closest('.filter-item[data-year]'); if (yf) { setMode('year', currentFilter === yf.dataset.year ? null : yf.dataset.year); return; }\r\n    const cf = e.target.closest('.filter-item[data-chapter]'); if (cf) { const c = decodeURIComponent(cf.dataset.chapter); setMode('chapter', currentFilter === c ? null : c); return; }\r\n    const gi = e.target.closest('.grid-item'); if (gi) { currentQuestionIndex = parseInt(gi.dataset.idx, 10); loadQuestion(); return; }\r\n    const go = e.target.closest('[data-goto]'); if (go) { gotoQuestion(parseInt(go.dataset.goto, 10)); return; }\r\n    const pc = e.target.closest('[data-practice-ch]'); if (pc) { practiceChapter(decodeURIComponent(pc.dataset.practiceCh)); return; }\r\n    const pw = e.target.closest('[data-practice-weak]'); if (pw) { switchView('practice'); setMode('weak'); return; }\r\n    const opt = e.target.closest('.option-item'); if (opt && !answerChecked) {\r\n        $id('optionsList').querySelectorAll('.option-item').forEach(o => o.classList.remove('selected'));\r\n        opt.classList.add('selected'); selectedOption = parseInt(opt.dataset.opt, 10); return;\r\n    }\r\n    switch (e.target.closest('button') ? e.target.closest('button').id : '') {\r\n        case 'checkBtn': checkAnswer(); break;\r\n        case 'prevBtn': if (currentQuestionIndex > 0) { currentQuestionIndex--; loadQuestion(); } break;\r\n        case 'nextBtn': if (currentQuestionIndex < filteredQuestions.length - 1) { currentQuestionIndex++; loadQuestion(); } break;\r\n        case 'submitBtn': submitExam(); break;\r\n        case 'resetBtn': resetSession(); break;\r\n        case 'resetPerfBtn': resetPerformance(); break;\r\n        case 'reviewBtn': reviewAnswers(); break;\r\n        case 'retryBtn': retryQuiz(); break;\r\n        case 'practiceWeakBtn': $id('resultModal').classList.remove('show'); setMode('weak'); break;\r\n        case 'practiceWeakAreasBtn': setMode('weak'); break;\r\n        case 'resumeBtn': {\r\n            const qid = progress.lastQuestionId;\r\n            if (progress.lastMode) setMode(progress.lastMode, progress.lastFilter);\r\n            if (qid) gotoQuestion(qid);\r\n            $id('sessionInfo').style.display = 'none';\r\n            break;\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n});\r\n\r\n\/\/ Screenshot \/ copy deterrents (as in original)\r\ndocument.addEventListener('contextmenu', function (e) { if (e.target.closest('.gfr-portal')) { e.preventDefault(); showToast('Right-click is disabled to protect content'); } });\r\ndocument.addEventListener('keydown', function (e) {\r\n    if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && ['c', 's', 'p', 'u'].includes(e.key.toLowerCase()) && document.querySelector('.gfr-portal')) {\r\n        e.preventDefault(); showToast('Copying is disabled to protect content');\r\n    }\r\n    if (e.key === 'PrintScreen') showToast('Screenshots are discouraged \u2014 content is protected');\r\n});\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ INIT\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {\r\n    $id('topicName').textContent = quizConfig.topic;\r\n    $id('topicSubtitle').textContent = quizConfig.subtitle;\r\n    loadProgress();\r\n    renderFilters();\r\n    setMode(progress.lastMode || 'all', progress.lastFilter || null);\r\n    updateHeader();\r\n    if (progress.lastQuestionId) {\r\n        const q = allQuestions.find(x => x.id === progress.lastQuestionId);\r\n        if (q) { $id('sessionInfo').style.display = ''; $id('sessionText').textContent = 'Last session: Q' + q.id + ' (' + q.year + ')'; }\r\n    }\r\n    initDone = true;\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u26a0\ufe0f Message \ud83c\udf89 Great Job! You have completed the quiz. 0 Correct 0 Incorrect 0% Score \ud83d\udc41 Review \u26a0\ufe0f Practice [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"disabled","ast-banner-title-visibility":"disabled","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"disabled","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5729","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-pyq"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5729","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5729"}],"version-history":[{"count":196,"href":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5729\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14537,"href":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5729\/revisions\/14537"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5729"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5729"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5729"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}