{"id":4090,"date":"2025-12-15T09:13:32","date_gmt":"2025-12-15T09:13:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/?page_id=4090"},"modified":"2026-07-16T13:07:21","modified_gmt":"2026-07-16T13:07:21","slug":"rti-pyq-quiz","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/?page_id=4090","title":{"rendered":"Previous Year Papers- Right to Information Act, 2005"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4090\" class=\"elementor elementor-4090\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10b6e42 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10b6e42\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-005d7f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"005d7f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!--\r\n============================================================\r\nCSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com\r\nREUSABLE PYQ QUIZ TEMPLATE \u2014 PRACTICE + ANALYTICS + AI COACH\r\n------------------------------------------------------------\r\nHOW TO REUSE FOR A NEW QUIZ (3 steps):\r\n  1. In quizConfig below, change:\r\n       quizId   -> a UNIQUE id per quiz (e.g. 'pension-pyq-quiz').\r\n                   This keys localStorage; two quizzes sharing an id\r\n                   will share\/overwrite each other's progress!\r\n       topic    -> heading shown in the header\r\n       subtitle -> small line under the heading\r\n  2. Paste your MCQ objects inside  const allQuestions = [ ... ]\r\n     (format documented at the array).\r\n  3. Nothing else needs editing.\r\n\r\nTABS:\r\n  1. Practice Quiz   \u2014 quiz with progress, weak areas, filters\r\n  2. Exam Analytics  \u2014 distribution analysis AUTO-COMPUTED from data\r\n  3. My Performance  \u2014 AI coach: readiness score, focus areas,\r\n                       study plan, spaced-repetition revision queue\r\n\r\nRESET BEHAVIOUR:\r\n  \u2022 \"Reset Session\" (Practice tab)   -> clears ONLY the current\r\n    session's answers\/score. Lifetime mastery, weak areas and the\r\n    My Performance data are KEPT.\r\n  \u2022 \"Reset My Performance\" (My Performance tab) -> wipes lifetime\r\n    stats, mastery, weak areas and attempt history (with confirm).\r\n\r\nAll progress persists in localStorage (per quizId).\r\n============================================================\r\n-->\r\n\r\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover\">\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\r\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Crimson+Pro:wght@500;600;700&family=DM+Sans:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n\/* =====================================================\r\n   CSS ADDA \u2014 INTEGRATED PORTAL DESIGN SYSTEM\r\n   NOTE ON FONT STABILITY: all font sizes are in px (not\r\n   rem) so the widget looks identical on every 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1fr;gap:8px}\r\n.progress-stat-mini{background:#F8FAFC;padding:10px;border-radius:var(--r-sm);text-align:center}\r\n.progress-stat-mini .value{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:19.2px;font-weight:600}\r\n.progress-stat-mini .value.correct{color:var(--green)}\r\n.progress-stat-mini .value.incorrect{color:var(--red)}\r\n.progress-stat-mini .label{font-size:10.1px;color:var(--mut);margin-top:2px}\r\n.question-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr);gap:6px;max-height:200px;overflow-y:auto;padding:2px}\r\n.grid-item{width:100%;aspect-ratio:1;border-radius:var(--r-sm);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-weight:600;font-size:11.7px;cursor:pointer;transition:all .3s;border:2px solid transparent;position:relative}\r\n.grid-item.unattempted{background:var(--navy);color:#fff}\r\n.grid-item.current{background:var(--gold);color:#fff;transform:scale(1.1);box-shadow:var(--sh-md);z-index:1}\r\n.grid-item.attempted{background:#f7ce6b;color:var(--ink)}\r\n.grid-item.correct-answered{background:var(--green);color:#fff}\r\n.grid-item.incorrect-answered{background:var(--red);color:#fff}\r\n.grid-item.weak-marked::after{content:'!';position:absolute;top:-3px;right:-3px;width:12px;height:12px;background:var(--red);border-radius:50%;font-size:8.8px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:#fff;font-weight:700}\r\n.grid-item:hover:not(.current){transform:scale(1.05)}\r\n.legend{padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:4px}\r\n.legend-title{font-weight:700;font-size:11.7px;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:8px}\r\n.legend-items{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px}\r\n.legend-item{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;font-size:10.9px;color:var(--mut)}\r\n.legend-color{width:14px;height:14px;border-radius:3px}\r\n.legend-color.unattempted{background:var(--navy)}\r\n.legend-color.attempted{background:#f7ce6b}\r\n.legend-color.correct{background:var(--green)}\r\n.legend-color.incorrect{background:var(--red)}\r\n.stat-row{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding:8px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line)}\r\n.stat-row:last-child{border-bottom:none}\r\n.stat-label{color:var(--mut);font-size:13.1px}\r\n.stat-value{font-weight:700;font-size:15.2px;color:var(--ink)}\r\n.stat-value.correct{color:var(--green)}\r\n.stat-value.incorrect{color:var(--red)}\r\n.action-buttons{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px}\r\n.action-btn{width:100%;padding:12px;min-height:46px;border:none;border-radius:var(--r-md);font-size:13.6px;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:7px;transition:all .3s;font-family:var(--sans)}\r\n.action-btn.submit{background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--green) 0%,var(--green-d) 100%);color:#fff;box-shadow:var(--sh-md)}\r\n.action-btn.submit:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:var(--sh-lg)}\r\n.action-btn.reset{background:#F8FAFC;color:var(--mut);border:2px solid var(--line)}\r\n.action-btn.reset:hover{border-color:var(--red);color:var(--red)}\r\n.action-btn.danger{background:#fff;color:var(--red-d);border:2px solid #f3c1c1}\r\n.action-btn.danger:hover{background:var(--red);border-color:var(--red);color:#fff}\r\n.reset-note{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--faint);text-align:center;margin-top:6px;line-height:1.45}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- TOAST & MODAL ---------- *\/\r\n.warning-toast{position:fixed;bottom:30px;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);background:var(--red);color:#fff;padding:12px 24px;border-radius:var(--r-md);font-weight:600;box-shadow:var(--sh-lg);z-index:10000;display:none;animation:gpUp .3s ease;font-size:14.1px}\r\n.warning-toast.show{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}\r\n.warning-toast.success{background:var(--green)}\r\n@keyframes gpUp{from{opacity:0;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(20px)}to{opacity:1;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(0)}}\r\n.result-modal{position:fixed;inset:0;background:rgba(9,20,45,.72);display:none;justify-content:center;align-items:center;z-index:10000;padding:20px}\r\n.result-modal.show{display:flex}\r\n.result-content{background:#fff;padding:32px;border-radius:var(--r-lg);text-align:center;max-width:440px;width:100%;box-shadow:var(--sh-lg);animation:gpModal .3s ease;max-height:90vh;overflow-y:auto}\r\n@keyframes gpModal{from{opacity:0;transform:scale(.92)}to{opacity:1;transform:scale(1)}}\r\n.result-icon{font-size:50px;margin-bottom:16px}\r\n.result-title{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:24px;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:8px}\r\n.result-message{color:var(--mut);margin-bottom:20px;font-size:14.4px}\r\n.result-stats{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:10px;margin-bottom:20px}\r\n.result-stat{background:#F8FAFC;padding:12px;border-radius:var(--r-md)}\r\n.result-stat-value{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:22.4px;font-weight:600;color:var(--navy)}\r\n.result-stat-label{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--mut)}\r\n.result-buttons{display:flex;gap:10px;justify-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n.result-btn{padding:10px 20px;border:none;border-radius:var(--r-md);font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;transition:all .3s;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;font-size:13.1px;font-family:var(--sans)}\r\n.result-btn.primary{background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--navy) 0%,var(--navy-d) 100%);color:#fff}\r\n.result-btn.secondary{background:#F8FAFC;color:var(--mut)}\r\n.result-btn.weak{background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--red) 0%,var(--red-d) 100%);color:#fff}\r\n.result-btn:hover{transform:translateY(-2px)}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================\r\n   TAB 2 \u2014 EXAM ANALYTICS\r\n===================================================== *\/\r\n.an-wrap{padding:6px 28px 40px;max-width:1080px;margin:0 auto}\r\n.an-card{padding:22px 22px}\r\n.bar-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:34px minmax(190px,1.5fr) 2.3fr auto;align-items:center;gap:12px;padding:6px 0}\r\n.bar-row+.bar-row{border-top:1px dashed #eef1f6}\r\n.bar-rank{font-family:var(--serif);color:var(--mut);font-size:14.4px;text-align:right}\r\n\/* WRAP FIX: long chapter names wrap onto multiple lines instead of overflowing *\/\r\n.bar-name{font-size:13.8px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.35;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word}\r\n.bar-track{background:#eef1f6;border-radius:8px;height:20px;overflow:hidden}\r\n.bar-fill{height:100%;border-radius:8px;transition:width .8s ease}\r\n.bar-val{font-weight:700;font-size:14.7px;min-width:64px;text-align:right}\r\n.bar-val .pct{display:inline-block;font-weight:500;color:var(--mut);font-size:11.5px;margin-left:6px}\r\n.tbl-scroll{overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:14px;background:#fff}\r\ntable.matrix{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:12.6px;min-width:900px}\r\ntable.matrix th,table.matrix td{text-align:center;padding:8px 5px;border-bottom:1px solid #eef1f6}\r\ntable.matrix thead th{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;font-weight:600;font-size:11.7px}\r\ntable.matrix thead th:first-child{text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\r\n\/* WRAP FIX: heatmap row-header wraps; bounded so year columns stay visible *\/\r\n.rn{text-align:left!important;padding-left:14px!important;font-weight:500;white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;min-width:160px;max-width:300px;line-height:1.4;background:#fbfcfe}\r\n.rt{font-weight:700;background:#f2f4f8;border-left:2px solid var(--gold)}\r\ntable.matrix tbody tr:hover td{outline:1px solid rgba(201,153,42,.25)}\r\ntable.matrix tfoot td{background:var(--navy-d);color:#fff;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none}\r\ntable.matrix tfoot td:first-child{text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\r\n.hm-legend{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin-top:14px;font-size:12.8px;color:var(--mut)}\r\n.hm-legend .sw{width:22px;height:14px;border-radius:3px;display:inline-block}\r\n.year-chart{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;gap:8px;height:180px;padding-top:14px}\r\n.yb{flex:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;height:100%;justify-content:flex-end}\r\n.yb-bar{width:100%;max-width:52px;background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold-l),var(--gold));border-radius:6px 6px 0 0;position:relative;min-height:14px;transition:height .8s ease}\r\n.yb-bar span{position:absolute;top:-20px;left:0;right:0;text-align:center;font-weight:700;font-size:12.8px;color:var(--navy)}\r\n.yb-lab{margin-top:8px;font-size:10.6px;color:var(--mut);text-align:center}\r\n.insight{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:14px}\r\n.ins{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--gold);border-radius:10px;padding:15px 17px}\r\n.ins h4{font-size:13.1px;color:var(--navy-d);margin-bottom:6px}\r\n.ins p{font-size:13.9px;color:#3a4453}\r\n.ins b{color:var(--gold-d)}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================\r\n   TAB 3 \u2014 MY PERFORMANCE (AI COACH)\r\n===================================================== *\/\r\n.ai-wrap{padding:6px 28px 40px;max-width:1080px;margin:0 auto}\r\n.ai-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:280px 1fr;gap:18px;align-items:stretch}\r\n.ai-ring-card{background:linear-gradient(150deg,var(--navy-ink) 0%,var(--navy-d) 70%,#2f5fe0 100%);border-radius:var(--r-lg);padding:26px 20px;color:#fff;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;box-shadow:var(--sh-md)}\r\n.ai-ring{position:relative;width:150px;height:150px}\r\n.ai-ring svg{transform:rotate(-90deg)}\r\n.ai-ring .bg{fill:none;stroke:rgba(255,255,255,.14);stroke-width:11}\r\n.ai-ring .fg{fill:none;stroke:var(--gold-l);stroke-width:11;stroke-linecap:round;transition:stroke-dashoffset 1s ease}\r\n.ai-ring-txt{position:absolute;inset:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\r\n.ai-ring-txt .n{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:40px;font-weight:600;color:var(--gold-l);line-height:1}\r\n.ai-ring-txt .l{font-size:9.9px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#bfdbfe;margin-top:4px}\r\n.ai-verdict{margin-top:14px;font-size:13.8px;color:#dbeafe;line-height:1.5}\r\n.ai-verdict b{color:#fff}\r\n.ai-coach-card{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-lg);padding:22px;box-shadow:var(--sh-sm)}\r\n.ai-coach-card h3{font-size:15.2px;color:var(--navy-ink);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin-bottom:12px}\r\n.ai-coach-card h3 i{color:var(--gold)}\r\n.ai-reco{display:flex;gap:12px;padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line);align-items:flex-start}\r\n.ai-reco:last-child{border-bottom:none}\r\n.ai-reco .ic{width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:8px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-size:12.8px;flex-shrink:0;margin-top:2px}\r\n.ai-reco .ic.hot{background:var(--red-bg);color:var(--red-d)}\r\n.ai-reco .ic.warm{background:#fef7e6;color:var(--amber-d)}\r\n.ai-reco .ic.cool{background:#eff6ff;color:var(--navy)}\r\n.ai-reco .ic.good{background:var(--green-bg);color:var(--green-d)}\r\n.ai-reco p{font-size:13.9px;color:#37414f}\r\n.ai-reco p b{color:var(--navy-ink)}\r\n.ai-reco .go{margin-left:auto;flex-shrink:0;background:#EFF6FF;color:var(--navy-d);border:1px solid #d4e2fb;border-radius:8px;padding:6px 12px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;transition:all .25s;font-family:var(--sans);white-space:nowrap}\r\n.ai-reco .go:hover{background:var(--navy);color:#fff}\r\n\r\n.ai-kpis{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(150px,1fr));gap:12px;margin-top:18px}\r\n.ai-kpi{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-md);padding:14px 16px;box-shadow:var(--sh-sm)}\r\n.ai-kpi .n{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:25.6px;font-weight:600;color:var(--navy-d)}\r\n.ai-kpi .n.g{color:var(--green-d)} .ai-kpi .n.r{color:var(--red-d)} .ai-kpi .n.a{color:var(--amber-d)}\r\n.ai-kpi .l{font-size:10.9px;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--mut);margin-top:2px}\r\n\r\ntable.perf{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:13.1px;min-width:760px}\r\ntable.perf th,table.perf td{padding:10px 10px;border-bottom:1px solid #eef1f6;text-align:center}\r\ntable.perf thead th{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;font-weight:600;font-size:11.5px}\r\ntable.perf th:first-child,table.perf td:first-child{text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\r\n\/* WRAP FIX: chapter column wraps; bounded so metric columns stay visible *\/\r\ntable.perf td:first-child{font-weight:500;background:#fbfcfe;white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;min-width:150px;max-width:260px;line-height:1.4}\r\n.mini-track{background:#eef1f6;border-radius:6px;height:9px;overflow:hidden;min-width:80px}\r\n.mini-fill{height:100%;border-radius:6px}\r\n.tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10.6px;font-weight:700;padding:3px 9px;border-radius:20px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.03em}\r\n.tag.hot{background:var(--red-bg);color:var(--red-d)}\r\n.tag.warm{background:#fef7e6;color:var(--amber-d)}\r\n.tag.ok{background:#eff6ff;color:var(--navy-d)}\r\n.tag.good{background:var(--green-bg);color:var(--green-d)}\r\n.tag.na{background:#f1f5f9;color:var(--faint)}\r\n.mini-go{background:none;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;padding:5px 10px;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:700;color:var(--navy-d);cursor:pointer;transition:all .25s;font-family:var(--sans)}\r\n.mini-go:hover{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;border-color:var(--navy)}\r\n\r\n.rev-item{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;background:#F8FAFC;border-left:3px solid var(--amber);border-radius:var(--r-sm);padding:10px 12px;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:12.6px;cursor:pointer;transition:all .25s}\r\n.rev-item:hover{background:#fef7e6;transform:translateX(3px)}\r\n.rev-item .q-num{font-weight:700;color:var(--amber-d);flex-shrink:0}\r\n.rev-item .q-text{flex:1;color:var(--mut);white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}\r\n.rev-item .days{background:var(--amber);color:#fff;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:20px;font-size:10.2px;font-weight:700;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.ai-empty{text-align:center;padding:34px 20px;color:var(--mut)}\r\n.ai-empty i{font-size:32px;color:var(--gold);margin-bottom:12px;display:block}\r\n.ai-empty .big{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:19.2px;color:var(--navy-ink);margin-bottom:6px}\r\n.ai-empty p{font-size:13.9px;max-width:52ch;margin:0 auto}\r\n.ai-two{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:18px}\r\n.perf-reset-wrap{margin-top:34px;padding:18px;border:1px dashed #f3c1c1;border-radius:var(--r-lg);background:#fffafa;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n.perf-reset-wrap p{font-size:13.1px;color:var(--mut);flex:1;min-width:220px}\r\n.perf-reset-wrap p b{color:var(--red-d)}\r\n.perf-reset-btn{padding:11px 20px;background:#fff;border:2px solid #f3c1c1;border-radius:var(--r-md);color:var(--red-d);font-size:13.1px;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;transition:all .25s;font-family:var(--sans);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.perf-reset-btn:hover{background:var(--red);border-color:var(--red);color:#fff}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- RESPONSIVE ---------- *\/\r\n@media(max-width:1024px){.quiz-container{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 270px;gap:14px}}\r\n@media(max-width:900px){\r\n  \/* MOBILE: question first, everything else stacks below *\/\r\n  .quiz-container{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:0 12px 12px;gap:14px}\r\n  .filter-bar{padding:12px 12px 0}\r\n  .filter-list{flex-wrap:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;padding-bottom:6px;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .question-panel{order:1}\r\n  .dashboard-sidebar{order:2}\r\n  .gp-head-top{flex-direction:column;gap:12px}\r\n  .gp-stats{width:100%;flex-wrap:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;padding-bottom:4px;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .gp-stat{min-width:84px;padding:7px 12px;flex:0 0 auto}\r\n  .gp-stat .n{font-size:19.2px}\r\n  .gp-tabs{overflow-x:auto;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .gp-tab{flex:0 0 auto;white-space:nowrap}\r\n  .mode-selector{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;padding:10px 12px}\r\n  .mode-tabs{overflow-x:auto;flex-wrap:nowrap;padding-bottom:4px;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .mode-tab{flex:0 0 auto;white-space:nowrap}\r\n  .session-info{justify-content:center}\r\n  \/* navigator becomes a horizontal strip *\/\r\n  .question-grid{display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;max-height:none;padding-bottom:6px;gap:7px;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .grid-item{flex:0 0 40px;height:40px;aspect-ratio:auto}\r\n  .weak-question-list{max-height:150px}\r\n  .ai-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr}\r\n  .ai-two{grid-template-columns:1fr}\r\n}\r\n@media(max-width:600px){\r\n  .gp-header{padding:18px 14px 0}\r\n  .gp-brand h1{font-size:20.5px}\r\n  .gp-brand p{font-size:12.5px}\r\n  .gp-tabs{overflow-x:auto;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .gp-tab{padding:9px 13px;font-size:12px;flex:0 0 auto;white-space:nowrap}\r\n  .an-wrap,.ai-wrap{padding:6px 12px 30px}\r\n  .question-header{padding:11px 14px}\r\n  .question-number{font-size:15px}\r\n  .question-body{padding:14px}\r\n  .question-text{font-size:17px !important;padding:15px 16px;line-height:1.68}\r\n  .q-stmt{margin-left:6px;grid-template-columns:26px 1fr}\r\n  .option-item{padding:11px 12px;gap:9px}\r\n  .option-letter{min-width:30px;font-size:16.3px !important}\r\n  .option-text{font-size:16.3px !important}\r\n  .option-item:hover:not(.disabled){transform:none}\r\n  .question-nav{flex-wrap:wrap;padding:12px;gap:9px}\r\n  .nav-btn{padding:11px 16px;font-size:12.8px;flex:1;justify-content:center}\r\n  .nav-btn.check{order:-1;width:100%;max-width:none;flex-basis:100%}\r\n  .progress-combo{grid-template-columns:auto 1fr}\r\n  .result-stats{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:7px}\r\n  .result-content{padding:22px}\r\n  .result-buttons{flex-direction:column}\r\n  .bar-row{grid-template-columns:28px 1fr;row-gap:4px}\r\n  .bar-track{grid-column:1\/-1}\r\n  .bar-name,.bar-val{grid-column:2;text-align:left}\r\n  .sec-head{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px}\r\n  .sec-head .hint{margin-left:0;flex-basis:100%}\r\n  .sec-head h2{font-size:16px}\r\n  .year-chart{height:140px;gap:5px}\r\n  .yb-bar span{font-size:10.9px;top:-17px}\r\n  .yb-lab{font-size:9.3px}\r\n  .ai-ring{transform:scale(.85);margin:-8px}\r\n  .ai-ring-txt .n{font-size:33.6px}\r\n  .ai-kpis{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}\r\n  .ai-kpi .n{font-size:20.8px}\r\n  .ai-reco{flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n  .ai-reco .go{margin-left:42px}\r\n  .insight{grid-template-columns:1fr}\r\n  .progress-combo{gap:10px}\r\n  .warning-toast{width:calc(100% - 32px);justify-content:center;font-size:12.8px}\r\n  .gp-stat{min-width:76px}\r\n  .perf-reset-wrap{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch}\r\n  .perf-reset-btn{justify-content:center}\r\n}\r\n\/* very small phones *\/\r\n@media(max-width:380px){\r\n  .gp-header{padding:14px 10px 0}\r\n  .gp-tab{padding:8px 10px;font-size:11.2px}\r\n  .mode-tab{padding:8px 11px;font-size:11.7px}\r\n  .question-text{font-size:16px !important;padding:12px}\r\n  .option-text,.option-letter{font-size:15.5px !important}\r\n  .an-wrap,.ai-wrap{padding:6px 8px 24px}\r\n  .quiz-container{padding:0 8px 8px}\r\n  .filter-bar{padding:10px 8px 0}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"gfr-portal\" id=\"quizWrapper\">\r\n    <!-- Warning Toast -->\r\n    <div class=\"warning-toast\" id=\"warningToast\">\r\n        <span class=\"ic\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>\r\n        <span id=\"toastMessage\">Message<\/span>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- Result Modal -->\r\n    <div class=\"result-modal\" id=\"resultModal\">\r\n        <div class=\"result-content\">\r\n            <div class=\"result-icon\" id=\"resultIcon\">\ud83c\udf89<\/div>\r\n            <h2 class=\"result-title\" id=\"resultTitle\">Great Job!<\/h2>\r\n            <p class=\"result-message\" id=\"resultMessage\">You have completed the quiz.<\/p>\r\n            <div class=\"result-stats\">\r\n                <div class=\"result-stat\">\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-value\" id=\"resultCorrect\">0<\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-label\">Correct<\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"result-stat\">\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-value\" id=\"resultIncorrect\">0<\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-label\">Incorrect<\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"result-stat\">\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-value\" id=\"resultScore\">0%<\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-label\">Score<\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"result-buttons\">\r\n                <button class=\"result-btn secondary\" id=\"reviewBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udc41<\/span> Review<\/button>\r\n                <button class=\"result-btn weak\" id=\"practiceWeakBtn\" style=\"display:none;\"><span class=\"ic\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span> Practice Weak<\/button>\r\n                <button class=\"result-btn primary\" id=\"retryBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u21bb<\/span> Try Again<\/button>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- ================= HEADER ================= -->\r\n    <header class=\"gp-header\">\r\n        <div class=\"gp-head-top\">\r\n            <div class=\"gp-brand\">\r\n                <div class=\"eyebrow\">CSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com \u00b7 Paper 1<\/div>\r\n                <h1 id=\"topicName\">Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005 -PYQs<\/h1>\r\n                <p id=\"topicSubtitle\"><\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"gp-stats\">\r\n                <div class=\"gp-stat\"><div class=\"n\" id=\"hdrTotalQ\">0<\/div><div class=\"l\">PYQs<\/div><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"gp-stat\"><div class=\"n\" id=\"hdrCycles\">0<\/div><div class=\"l\">Exam Cycles<\/div><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"gp-stat\"><div class=\"n\" id=\"hdrMastered\">0%<\/div><div class=\"l\">Mastered<\/div><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"gp-stat clickable\" id=\"weakBadgeHeader\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"n\" id=\"weakCountHeader\">0<\/div><div class=\"l\">Weak Areas<\/div><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"gp-stat\"><div class=\"n\" id=\"hdrReadiness\">\u2014<\/div><div class=\"l\">Readiness<\/div><\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <nav class=\"gp-tabs\">\r\n            <button class=\"gp-tab active\" data-view=\"practice\"><span class=\"ic\">\u270d\ufe0f<\/span> Practice Quiz<\/button>\r\n            <button class=\"gp-tab\" data-view=\"analytics\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udcca<\/span> Exam Analytics<\/button>\r\n            <button class=\"gp-tab\" data-view=\"performance\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83e\udde0<\/span> My Performance <span class=\"pill\" id=\"perfPill\" style=\"display:none;\">!<\/span><\/button>\r\n        <\/nav>\r\n    <\/header>\r\n\r\n    <!-- ================= VIEW 1 : PRACTICE QUIZ ================= -->\r\n    <div class=\"gp-view active\" id=\"view-practice\">\r\n\r\n    <!-- Mode Selector -->\r\n    <div class=\"mode-selector\">\r\n        <div class=\"mode-tabs\">\r\n            <button class=\"mode-tab active\" data-mode=\"all\" id=\"modeAll\">\r\n                <span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udccb<\/span> All Questions <span class=\"badge\" id=\"allCount\">0<\/span>\r\n            <\/button>\r\n            <button class=\"mode-tab\" data-mode=\"year\" id=\"modeYear\">\r\n                <span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udcc5<\/span> By Year\r\n            <\/button>\r\n            <button class=\"mode-tab\" data-mode=\"chapter\" id=\"modeChapter\">\r\n                <span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udcda<\/span> By Chapter\r\n            <\/button>\r\n            <button class=\"mode-tab weak-mode\" data-mode=\"weak\" id=\"modeWeak\">\r\n                <span class=\"ic\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span> Weak Areas <span class=\"badge\" id=\"weakModeCount\">0<\/span>\r\n            <\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"session-info\" id=\"sessionInfo\" style=\"display:none;\">\r\n            <span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udd58<\/span>\r\n            <span id=\"sessionText\">Last session: Q5<\/span>\r\n            <button class=\"resume-btn\" id=\"resumeBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u25b6<\/span> Resume<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- FILTER BAR (before the MCQ content) -->\r\n    <div class=\"filter-bar\">\r\n        <div class=\"filter-bar-row\">\r\n            <div class=\"quiz-card\" id=\"yearFilterCard\">\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-header light\"><h3><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udcc5<\/span> Filter by Year<\/h3><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-body\" style=\"padding:10px 14px\"><div class=\"filter-list\" id=\"yearList\"><\/div><\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"quiz-card\" id=\"chapterFilterCard\">\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-header light\"><h3><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udcda<\/span> Filter by Chapter<\/h3><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-body\" style=\"padding:10px 14px\"><div class=\"filter-list\" id=\"chapterList\"><\/div><\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"quiz-card weak-areas-card\" id=\"weakAreasCard\" style=\"display:none;\">\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-header\"><h3><span class=\"ic\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span> Weak Areas<\/h3><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-body\" style=\"padding:10px 14px\">\r\n                    <div class=\"weak-question-list\" id=\"weakQuestionList\"><\/div>\r\n                    <button class=\"practice-weak-btn\" id=\"practiceWeakAreasBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u21bb<\/span> Practice All Weak Areas<\/button>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- Main Container -->\r\n    <div class=\"quiz-container\">\r\n        <!-- Question Panel (primary) -->\r\n        <main class=\"question-panel\">\r\n            <div class=\"question-header\">\r\n                <span class=\"question-number\" id=\"questionNumber\">Question 1 of 20<\/span>\r\n                <div class=\"question-meta\">\r\n                    <div class=\"meta-badge year\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udcc5<\/span> <span id=\"currentQuestionYear\">\u2014<\/span><\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"meta-badge chapter\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> <span id=\"currentQuestionChapter\">\u2014<\/span><\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"meta-badge weak\" id=\"weakBadge\" style=\"display:none;\"><span class=\"ic\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span> <span>Weak<\/span><\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"question-body\">\r\n                <div class=\"question-text\" id=\"questionText\">Loading question...<\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"options-list\" id=\"optionsList\"><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"explanation-box\" id=\"explanationBox\">\r\n                    <div class=\"explanation-title\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udca1<\/span> Explanation<\/div>\r\n                    <p class=\"explanation-text\" id=\"explanationText\"><\/p>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"mastery-indicator\" id=\"masteryIndicator\">\r\n                    <span class=\"mastery-label\"><span class=\"ic\">\u2b50<\/span> Mastery:<\/span>\r\n                    <div class=\"mastery-stars\" id=\"masteryStars\">\r\n                        <i>\u2605<\/i><i>\u2605<\/i><i>\u2605<\/i><i>\u2605<\/i><i>\u2605<\/i>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"question-nav\">\r\n                    <button class=\"nav-btn prev\" id=\"prevBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u2190<\/span> Previous<\/button>\r\n                    <button class=\"nav-btn check\" id=\"checkBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u2713<\/span> Check Answer<\/button>\r\n                    <button class=\"nav-btn next\" id=\"nextBtn\">Next <span class=\"ic\">\u2192<\/span><\/button>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/main>\r\n\r\n        <!-- Right Rail: navigator \u2192 progress \u2192 actions -->\r\n        <aside class=\"dashboard-sidebar\">\r\n            <div class=\"quiz-card\">\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-header light\"><h3><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\uddc2\ufe0f<\/span> Question Navigator<\/h3><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-body\">\r\n                    <div class=\"question-grid\" id=\"questionGrid\"><\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"legend\">\r\n                        <div class=\"legend-items\">\r\n                            <div class=\"legend-item\"><div class=\"legend-color unattempted\"><\/div><span>New<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"legend-item\"><div class=\"legend-color attempted\"><\/div><span>Seen<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"legend-item\"><div class=\"legend-color correct\"><\/div><span>Correct<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"legend-item\"><div class=\"legend-color incorrect\"><\/div><span>Incorrect<\/span><\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"quiz-card\">\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-header\"><h3><span class=\"ic\">\ud83c\udfc6<\/span> Progress &amp; Session<\/h3><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-body\">\r\n                    <div class=\"progress-combo\">\r\n                        <div class=\"progress-ring-container\">\r\n                            <div class=\"progress-ring\">\r\n                                <svg width=\"100\" height=\"100\">\r\n                                    <circle class=\"progress-ring-bg\" cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"42\"><\/circle>\r\n                                    <circle class=\"progress-ring-fill\" cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"42\" stroke-dasharray=\"264\" stroke-dashoffset=\"264\" id=\"progressRingFill\"><\/circle>\r\n                                <\/svg>\r\n                                <div class=\"progress-ring-text\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"progress-ring-percentage\" id=\"progressPercentage\">0%<\/span>\r\n                                    <span class=\"progress-ring-label\">Mastered<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"stat-col\">\r\n                            <div class=\"stat-row\"><span class=\"stat-label\">Questions<\/span><span class=\"stat-value\" id=\"totalQuestions\">0<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"stat-row\"><span class=\"stat-label\">Attempted<\/span><span class=\"stat-value\" id=\"attemptedCount\">0<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"stat-row\"><span class=\"stat-label\">Correct<\/span><span class=\"stat-value correct\" id=\"correctCount\">0<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"stat-row\"><span class=\"stat-label\">Incorrect<\/span><span class=\"stat-value incorrect\" id=\"incorrectCount\">0<\/span><\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"progress-stats-mini\" style=\"margin-top:10px\">\r\n                        <div class=\"progress-stat-mini\"><div class=\"value correct\" id=\"totalCorrectProgress\">0<\/div><div class=\"label\">Lifetime Correct<\/div><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"progress-stat-mini\"><div class=\"value incorrect\" id=\"totalWeakProgress\">0<\/div><div class=\"label\">Weak Areas<\/div><\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"action-buttons\">\r\n                <button class=\"action-btn submit\" id=\"submitBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udce4<\/span> Submit &amp; View Results<\/button>\r\n                <button class=\"action-btn reset\" id=\"resetBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u21ba<\/span> Reset Session<\/button>\r\n                <p class=\"reset-note\">Resets only this session's answers.<br>Lifetime performance &amp; mastery are kept.<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/aside>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <\/div><!-- \/view-practice -->\r\n\r\n    <!-- ================= VIEW 2 : EXAM ANALYTICS ================= -->\r\n    <div class=\"gp-view\" id=\"view-analytics\">\r\n        <div class=\"an-wrap\">\r\n            <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"num\">01<\/span><h2>Ranked \u2014 Total MCQs per Chapter<\/h2><span class=\"hint\">gold = high-yield (15+ Qs)<\/span><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"an-card\" id=\"rankedBars\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"num\">02<\/span><h2>Heatmap Matrix \u2014 Chapter \u00d7 Exam Year<\/h2><span class=\"hint\">darker gold = more questions<\/span><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"tbl-scroll\" id=\"heatmapContainer\"><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"hm-legend\"><span>Low<\/span><span class=\"sw\" style=\"background:#fdf6e3\"><\/span><span class=\"sw\" style=\"background:#f6e7b8\"><\/span><span class=\"sw\" style=\"background:#e9cf7f\"><\/span><span class=\"sw\" style=\"background:#d8b23f\"><\/span><span class=\"sw\" style=\"background:#c9992a\"><\/span><span>High<\/span><\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"num\">03<\/span><h2>Questions per Exam Cycle<\/h2><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"an-card\"><div class=\"year-chart\" id=\"cycleChart\"><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"num\">04<\/span><h2>Takeaways for Preparation<\/h2><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"insight\" id=\"takeaways\"><\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div><!-- \/view-analytics -->\r\n\r\n    <!-- ================= VIEW 3 : MY PERFORMANCE (AI COACH) ================= -->\r\n    <div class=\"gp-view\" id=\"view-performance\">\r\n        <div class=\"ai-wrap\">\r\n            <div id=\"aiEmptyState\" class=\"an-card ai-empty\" style=\"display:none;margin-top:24px;\">\r\n                <span class=\"ic\" style=\"font-size:32px\">\ud83e\udde0<\/span>\r\n                <div class=\"big\">Your AI coach is waiting for data<\/div>\r\n                <p>Attempt a few questions in the Practice tab. The coach will then compute your exam-readiness score, detect weak chapters weighted by their real exam frequency, and build a personalised study plan.<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div id=\"aiContent\">\r\n                <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-top:24px;\"><span class=\"num\">01<\/span><h2>Exam Readiness \u2014 AI Assessment<\/h2><span class=\"hint\">weighted by real PYQ frequency<\/span><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"ai-hero\">\r\n                    <div class=\"ai-ring-card\">\r\n                        <div class=\"ai-ring\">\r\n                            <svg width=\"150\" height=\"150\">\r\n                                <circle class=\"bg\" cx=\"75\" cy=\"75\" r=\"64\"><\/circle>\r\n                                <circle class=\"fg\" cx=\"75\" cy=\"75\" r=\"64\" stroke-dasharray=\"402\" stroke-dashoffset=\"402\" id=\"aiRingFill\"><\/circle>\r\n                            <\/svg>\r\n                            <div class=\"ai-ring-txt\"><span class=\"n\" id=\"aiScore\">0<\/span><span class=\"l\">Readiness \/ 100<\/span><\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"ai-verdict\" id=\"aiVerdict\"><\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"ai-coach-card\">\r\n                        <h3><span class=\"ic\">\ud83e\ude84<\/span> Smart Study Plan \u2014 What to do next<\/h3>\r\n                        <div id=\"aiRecoList\"><\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"ai-kpis\" id=\"aiKpis\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"num\">02<\/span><h2>Chapter Performance vs Exam Weight<\/h2><span class=\"hint\">priority = high weight \u00d7 low accuracy<\/span><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"tbl-scroll\"><table class=\"perf\">\r\n                    <thead><tr><th>Chapter<\/th><th>Exam Weight<\/th><th>Coverage<\/th><th>Accuracy<\/th><th>Status<\/th><th>Action<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n                    <tbody id=\"perfTableBody\"><\/tbody>\r\n                <\/table><\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"ai-two\" style=\"margin-top:34px;\">\r\n                    <div>\r\n                        <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-top:0;\"><span class=\"num\">03<\/span><h2>Revision Queue<\/h2><span class=\"hint\">spaced repetition<\/span><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"an-card\" id=\"revisionQueue\"><\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                    <div>\r\n                        <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-top:0;\"><span class=\"num\">04<\/span><h2>Mastery Distribution<\/h2><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"an-card\" id=\"masteryDist\"><\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <!-- Performance reset (lifetime data) -->\r\n                <div class=\"perf-reset-wrap\">\r\n                    <p><b>Danger zone:<\/b> this permanently erases your lifetime performance for this quiz \u2014 mastery stars, weak areas, accuracy history and the readiness score. Session reset on the Practice tab does <b>not<\/b> touch this data.<\/p>\r\n                    <button class=\"perf-reset-btn\" id=\"resetPerfBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\uddd1\ufe0f<\/span> Reset My Performance<\/button>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div><!-- \/view-performance -->\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ QUIZ CONFIGURATION  \u2190 EDIT PER QUIZ\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nconst quizConfig = {\r\n    \/\/ UNIQUE id per quiz. Progress is stored in localStorage under this key,\r\n    \/\/ so two quizzes MUST NOT share the same quizId.\r\n    quizId: 'CHANGE-ME-unique-quiz-id',\r\n    topic: 'Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005 -PYQs',                       \/\/ header H1\r\n    subtitle: 'Combined SO\/Steno LDCE Previous Year Questions \u00b7 Smart Practice & Analytics',\r\n    paper: 'Paper 2',\r\n    wpAjaxUrl: '\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php',\r\n    useWordPressSync: true,\r\n    masteryThreshold: 3,   \/\/ consecutive\/total correct needed for \"mastered\"\r\n    weakThreshold: 1,      \/\/ wrong attempts before a question is flagged weak\r\n    revisionGapDays: 7     \/\/ days after which a mastered Q re-enters revision\r\n};\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ QUESTIONS DATA  \u2190 PASTE YOUR MCQs HERE\r\n\/\/ ------------------------------------------\r\n\/\/ Each question object looks like this:\r\n\/\/ {\r\n\/\/   id: 1,                          \/\/ unique number WITHIN a year group\r\n\/\/   year: '2023',                   \/\/ exam year\/cycle label (string)\r\n\/\/   chapter: 'CH 1: Chapter Name',  \/\/ chapter\/topic label (used by filters,\r\n\/\/                                   \/\/ analytics and the AI coach)\r\n\/\/   question: \"Question text...\\n1. Statement one\\n2. Statement two\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n\/\/   options: [\"Option A\", \"Option B\", \"Option C\", \"Option D\"],\r\n\/\/   correct: 2,                     \/\/ 0-based index of the right option\r\n\/\/   explanation: `Explanation text shown after checking the answer.`\r\n\/\/ },\r\n\/\/ Numbered statements: start a line with \"1.\" \/ \"2.\" etc (use \\n or <br>).\r\n\/\/ Lines starting with \"Select the correct answer\u2026\" \/ \"Which of the above\u2026\"\r\n\/\/ are auto-styled as the lead line, UPSC question-paper style.\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\r\n\r\n const allQuestions = [\r\n{\r\n    id: 1,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Under the provisions of the Right to Information Act 2005, the obligation of a public authority does not include\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"supply of information immediately on receiving application.\",\r\n      \"publish the procedure to be followed in the decision making process.\",\r\n      \"publish a directory of its officers and employees.\",\r\n      \"publish the particulars of recipients of concessions and permits.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 7(1) \u2013 30 Days, Not Immediate Supply<\/b><br>Section 7(1) requires information to be supplied 'as expeditiously as possible, and in any case within thirty days' of receipt of the request \u2014 there is no obligation of 'immediate' supply upon receiving the application. By contrast, publishing the decision-making procedure (Section 4(1)(b)(iii)), a directory of officers\/employees (Section 4(1)(b)(ix)), and particulars of recipients of concessions, permits, or authorisations (Section 4(1)(b)(xii)) are all genuine, express obligations.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 2,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"'A' was arrested by the police on the ground of suspicion that he had committed theft on a particular day. 'A' claimed that he was not at the relevant place as he was hospitalized in a government hospital for a serious ailment in a different town at the time of alleged theft. 'A' sought information under the RTI Act from the concerned hospital which did not supply the information for ten days and the applicant had to remain in judicial custody for not being able to satisfy the court about his hospitalization. The action of the Public Information Officer of the hospital will result in which of the following consequence\/consequences?\\n1. The Officer shall be deemed to have refused information.\\n2. The Officer is not guilty as it had supplied information after ten days.\\n3. The Officer is liable to be punished with fine for denial of information to the applicant within time.\\n\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Sections 7(1) proviso & 20(1) \u2013 Life-and-Liberty Information Within 48 Hours<\/b><br>Since 'A's' liberty was directly at stake (he was seeking to establish an alibi to avoid judicial custody), the proviso to Section 7(1) required the hospital's PIO to supply the information within 48 hours of receipt of the request. Supplying it only after ten days amounts to a failure to meet this specified time limit, so under Section 7(2) it is deemed that the request has been refused (Statement 1) \u2705, and the PIO is liable to a penalty under Section 20(1) for this default without reasonable cause (Statement 3) \u2705. Statement 2, claiming no fault since information was eventually supplied, ignores this life-and-liberty timeline and is incorrect.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 3,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Information under the Right to Information Act, 2005 can be sought by every\\n1. Person.\\n2. Citizen.\\n3. Registered society.\\n4. Company.\\n\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 3 \u2013 Right Confined to Citizens<\/b><br>Section 3 confers the right to information on 'all citizens' of India specifically \u2014 not on 'any person' generally, nor directly on juristic entities such as registered societies or companies (which may act only through an authorised individual citizen). Hence, of the four options, only 'Citizen' correctly captures who holds this statutory right.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 4,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements with regard to Right to Information Act, 2005 is\/are correct?\\n1. A public authority, which does not possess information, is under an obligation to transfer the application to the concerned public authority within five days of receipt of the application.\\n2. An applicant seeking information must disclose the reasons for which he wants the information.\\n3. A sensorily disabled person has a right to be assisted by the Public Information Officer while seeking access to the record.\\n\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Sections 6(3) & 7(4)<\/b><br>Section 6(3) requires transfer of the application 'as soon as practicable but not later than five days' from receipt (Statement 1) \u2705. Section 7(4) provides that where access to a record is required to be given to a sensorily disabled person, the PIO shall provide such assistance as may be appropriate for inspecting the records or providing extracts, including through the use of appropriate technology (Statement 3) \u2705. Section 6(2), however, explicitly states that an applicant need NOT disclose the reasons for seeking information, making Statement 2 incorrect. Hence, Statements 1 and 3 are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 5,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"The Right to Information Act, 2005 does not prescribe which one of the following requirements?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Recording and communication of reasons to the applicant for refusal to provide information\",\r\n      \"Communication of the period within which an appeal can be filed against refusal of information\",\r\n      \"Providing the particulars of the appellate authority\",\r\n      \"Providing the reasons for taking a particular decision in any matter to which the information relates\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 7(8) vs. a General 'Reasons for Every Decision' Requirement<\/b><br>Section 7(8) specifically requires the PIO, on rejecting a request, to communicate the reasons for rejection (option a), the appeal period (option b), and the particulars of the appellate authority (option c). However, the Act does not impose a free-standing, general requirement to 'provide reasons for taking a particular decision in any matter to which the information relates' beyond this rejection-notice context \u2014 that broader obligation (Section 4(1)(d)) applies specifically to a public authority's own administrative\/quasi-judicial decisions affecting the person concerned, not to every matter an RTI request might touch upon.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 6,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following information cannot be supplied under the Right to Information Act, 2005?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Notings of the files\",\r\n      \"Inspection of answer scripts of an examination\",\r\n      \"Information relating to religious belief and faith of an individual holding a public office\",\r\n      \"Income tax returns of an employee of private limited company\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 8(1)(j) \u2013 Personal Information\/Privacy<\/b><br>The religious belief and faith of an individual, even one holding public office, ordinarily has no relationship to their public activity and its disclosure would amount to an unwarranted invasion of privacy, exempting it under Section 8(1)(j), unless larger public interest is shown. By contrast, file notings, inspection of answer scripts, and income tax returns have all been held disclosable in various contexts (subject to case-specific exemptions), as they relate more directly to accountability and public functions.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 7,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements regarding third party information under the provisions of the Right to Information Act, 2005 are correct?\\n1. The third party must be given a notice within five days of receipt of the application seeking information.\\n2. The third party has a right to make a written or oral submission against disclosure.\\n3. The Public Information Officer while deciding the matter must keep in view the objections of the third party.\\n4. The above procedure applies in all cases where third party information is sought.\\n\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 11 \u2013 Third Party Information Procedure<\/b><br>Section 11(1) requires the PIO to give written notice to the third party within five days of receipt of the request, inviting the third party to make a submission (Statement 1) \u2705, which may be made in writing or orally, and to be recorded (Statement 2) \u2705. Section 11(1) requires the PIO to take the third party's representation into account while deciding on disclosure (Statement 3) \u2705. However, this special procedure applies only where the information relates to or has been supplied by the third party AND has been treated as confidential by that third party \u2014 it does not apply 'in all cases' where third-party information is sought, making Statement 4 incorrect.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 8,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 3: CENTRAL INFORMATION COMMISSION',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is not a member of the committee for the selection of the Chief Information Commissioner?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Prime Minister\",\r\n      \"Speaker of Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"A Union Cabinet Minister nominated by the Prime Minister\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 12(3) \u2013 Selection Committee<\/b><br>Section 12(3) provides for a three-member selection committee comprising the Prime Minister (Chairperson), the Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha, and a Union Cabinet Minister nominated by the Prime Minister. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha has no role in this committee.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 9,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one among the following statements about the powers of the Central and State Information Commission is not correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Central and State Information Commission can enquire into complaint pertaining to excessive amount of fee charged for supplying any information.\",\r\n      \"The Central and State Information Commission have the powers of a civil court as provided under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 in respect of specified matters.\",\r\n      \"The Central and State Information Commission have power to punish a guilty person with imprisonment not exceeding three months.\",\r\n      \"The Central and State Information Commission have power to secure publication of certain information required under the Right to Information Act, 2005.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Sections 18(1)(d), 18(3), 19(8) \u2013 No Imprisonment Power<\/b><br>The Commission may inquire into complaints about unreasonable fees (Section 18(1)(d)) \u2705, has civil-court powers under Section 18(3) for specified purposes \u2705, and can require publication of certain information under Section 19(8)(a)(iii) \u2705. However, neither the Central nor a State Information Commission has any power to impose imprisonment on a guilty person \u2014 its only sanction under the Act against a defaulting PIO is the monetary penalty under Section 20.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 10,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 6: MISCELLANEOUS',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following organizational departments is not exempted from providing information under the Right to Information Act, 2005?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"National Security Council Secretariat\",\r\n      \"National Technical Research Organisation\",\r\n      \"Aviation Research Centre\",\r\n      \"Central Information Commission\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Second Schedule (via Section 24) \u2013 Exempted Organisations<\/b><br>The National Security Council Secretariat, the National Technical Research Organisation, and the Aviation Research Centre are all listed among the intelligence\/security organisations in the Second Schedule and are therefore excluded from the Act's application under Section 24. The Central Information Commission itself, being the very body responsible for implementing and enforcing the Act, is not one of these exempted organisations and remains fully subject to the RTI Act's obligations (including regarding its own records).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 11,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 6: MISCELLANEOUS',\r\n    question: \"Raman, an employee in the Intelligence Bureau leaks out relevant documents pertaining to certain purchases made by the Bureau involving corruption. During the course of disciplinary proceedings initiated against him for disclosing official papers of sensitive organization like Intelligence Bureau, Raman made an application seeking information from the Intelligence Bureau which was refused by virtue of Section 24 of the Right to Information Act, 2005. Which of the following statements is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The denial of information is valid as the matter relates to an Organisation exempted under the Right to Information Act, 2005.\",\r\n      \"The denial of information is valid as an employee cannot disclose confidential papers without proper authority of the higher officials.\",\r\n      \"The denial of information is not valid as the matter relates to corruption in a government organization.\",\r\n      \"The denial of information is not valid as every employee has the freedom of speech and expression which he can enjoy in public interest by disclosing documents pertaining to corruption.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Proviso to Section 24 \u2013 Corruption Exception Overrides Exemption<\/b><br>Although the Intelligence Bureau is listed in the Second Schedule and is generally exempt from the Act under Section 24(1), the proviso to Section 24 expressly carves out an exception: information pertaining to allegations of corruption shall not be excluded, even for these otherwise-exempt organisations. Since the matter relates to alleged corruption in purchases made by the Bureau, the blanket denial of information solely by invoking Section 24 is not valid.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 12,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 3: CENTRAL INFORMATION COMMISSION',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements are correct?\\n1. An Information Commissioner can be removed from office by the President on the ground of physical or mental infirmity.\\n2. The salary and allowances payable and other terms and conditions of service of the Chief Information Commissioner and Information Commissioners shall be the same as that of the Chief Election Commissioner.\\n3. The Chief Information Commissioner and other Information Commissioners may resign from their office by sending in their resignation to the President.\\n\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 13(5) \u2013 Differentiated Salary Structure (as originally enacted)<\/b><br>As originally enacted, Section 13(5) provided that the salary, allowances and conditions of service of the Chief Information Commissioner shall be similar to that of the CHIEF Election Commissioner, while those of an Information Commissioner shall be similar to that of an (ordinary) Election Commissioner \u2014 a different, lower rank. Statement 2, which claims BOTH the CIC and Information Commissioners draw salary equal to the Chief Election Commissioner, therefore misstates the position and is incorrect. Statement 1 (removal by the President on grounds of physical or mental infirmity, per Section 14) and Statement 3 (resignation by writing to the President, per Section 13(5)) are both correct. <i>[Note: the RTI (Amendment) Act, 2019 later removed this direct linkage to Election Commission status and empowered the Central Government to prescribe these terms by rules instead.]<\/i>\"\r\n  },\r\n{\r\n    id: 13,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is incorrect?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Information Commissions have been given very wide discretionary powers under the RTI Act, 2005 to ensure that information is available to the applicants from public authorities\",\r\n      \"These Commissions have powers like those exercised by the civil courts in many matters\",\r\n      \"The powers have, however, to be exercised in accordance with the rules of natural justice\",\r\n      \"The proceedings pending before the Central Information Commission do not abate on the death of the appellant\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Effect of the Appellant's Death on Pending RTI Proceedings<\/b><br>Unlike certain matters of larger public interest that some Information Commissions have chosen to continue examining even after an appellant's death, the general legal position is that proceedings before the Commission ordinarily abate on the death of the appellant, since the personal right to seek information does not automatically survive to legal heirs absent specific dispensation by the Commission. The blanket claim that proceedings 'do not abate' overstates this position and is the incorrect statement. The other statements \u2014 regarding the wide discretionary powers of Information Commissions under Sections 18-19, their civil-court-like powers under Section 18(3), and their obligation to observe natural justice \u2014 correctly describe the framework of the Act.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 14,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 6: MISCELLANEOUS',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is incorrect?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"No order passed under the RTI Act, 2005 shall be called in question before any High Court\",\r\n      \"Information regarding corruption in Research and Analysis Wing of the Cabinet Secretariat can be made available under the RTI Act, 2005\",\r\n      \"Any information regarding allegations of violation of human rights by any security organization of the Central Government can be provided under the RTI Act, 2005 in a limited manner\",\r\n      \"The Central Government has power to include or exclude any intelligence organization from the application of the RTI Act, 2005\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 23 \u2013 Bar Is Not Absolute Against Writ Jurisdiction<\/b><br>Section 23 bars the jurisdiction of ordinary CIVIL courts from entertaining suits or proceedings regarding orders made under the Act, and bars such orders from being questioned 'otherwise than by way of an appeal under this Act.' However, this statutory bar cannot oust the constitutional writ jurisdiction of the High Courts (Article 226) or the Supreme Court (Article 32) \u2014 such orders remain amenable to judicial review by writ. The blanket assertion that no order 'shall be called in question before any High Court' therefore overstates Section 23 and is incorrect. The remaining statements \u2014 regarding disclosure of corruption information in RAW and limited disclosure of human-rights-violation information in security organisations (both under the proviso to Section 24), and the Central Government's power to amend the Second Schedule (Section 24(2)) \u2014 are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 15,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"According to the provisions of the RTI Act, 2005, which one among the following pairs is correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Physically challenged persons - No fee is required to be paid for supplying information\",\r\n      \"Persons below poverty line - No fee is required to be paid for supplying information\",\r\n      \"An application seeking information which is available with another public authority - Must be transferred within 15 days to that other public authority\",\r\n      \"An appeal before the Central Information Commission - Must be decided within 30 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 7(5) proviso \u2013 BPL Fee Exemption<\/b><br>The proviso to Section 7(5) exempts persons belonging to the Below Poverty Line category from paying any fee for obtaining information \u2014 this is the correctly matched pair. The RTI Act does not provide a general fee waiver specifically for 'physically challenged persons' as a category (though Section 7(4) does provide assistance for sensorily disabled persons in accessing records); transfer of an application under Section 6(3) must occur within five days, not fifteen; and the Act does not prescribe a rigid 30-day deadline for the Information Commission to decide a second appeal.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 16,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 6: MISCELLANEOUS',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements is\/are incorrect?\\n1. The disclosure of information under the RTI Act, 2005 is a rule and its refusal is an exception.\\n2. The RTI Act, 2005 overrides the provisions of other laws.\\n3. Reasons for seeking information need not be disclosed.\\n4. A State Information Commission has no power to inspect a record held by a Central Government Organization even if the subject matter of the application seeking information relates to that record.\\n\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2\",\r\n      \"3 and 4\",\r\n      \"4 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Sections 22, 6(2) and Distinguishing Statement 4<\/b><br>Statements 1 (disclosure is the rule, refusal the exception \u2014 the guiding philosophy of the Act), 2 (the Act's overriding effect under Section 22), and 3 (no obligation to disclose reasons for seeking information, under Section 6(2)) are all well-established and correct propositions under the RTI Act. Statement 4, framed as an absolute, unqualified bar on a State Information Commission's power over Central Government records regardless of the application's subject matter, overstates the jurisdictional position \u2014 where information relates closely to a Central Government record, the applicable mechanism is transfer of the application under Section 6(3) to the appropriate authority\/Commission, rather than a blanket inspection bar. Statement 4 is therefore the incorrect one.\"\r\n  },\r\n{\r\n    id: 17,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following information cannot be disclosed under the RTI Act, 2005?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Advice given by a lawyer to his client\",\r\n      \"Trade secrets involving use of smuggled goods in the manufacturing process\",\r\n      \"Decisions of the Union Cabinet and all related papers after the Cabinet meeting\",\r\n      \"Records of an incident that had happened 25 years earlier\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 8(1)(e) \u2013 Fiduciary Relationship<\/b><br>Information available to a person in his fiduciary relationship is exempt from disclosure under Section 8(1)(e), unless the competent authority is satisfied that larger public interest warrants disclosure. Legal advice given by a lawyer to a client is a classic fiduciary\/privileged communication and is protected \u2014 unlike trade secrets involving illegal activity (where larger public interest in exposing illegality outweighs confidentiality), Cabinet decisions (which Section 8(1)(i) requires be disclosed once the decision is taken and the matter is complete, subject to certain exceptions), or old records (Section 8(3) lifts most Section 8(1) restrictions for records over 20 years old).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 18,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Under the RTI Act, 2005, fine cannot be imposed in which one of the following cases?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Refusal to receive an application for information\",\r\n      \"Giving incorrect information\",\r\n      \"Destroying information\",\r\n      \"Refusing information on the ground that the same was exempt under Section 8(1)(j)\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 20(1) \u2013 'Without Reasonable Cause'<\/b><br>Section 20(1) imposes a penalty only where the PIO acts 'without any reasonable cause' \u2014 such as refusing to receive an application, giving incorrect information, or destroying information without justification. Where a PIO correctly refuses information on a genuinely applicable exemption ground such as Section 8(1)(j) (personal information\/privacy), this constitutes a reasonable cause for refusal and does not attract penalty under Section 20.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 19,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"While exercising powers under Section 20 of the RTI Act, 2005, the Central Information Commission is not bound by which one of the following requirements?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"To pass a speaking order\",\r\n      \"To give personal hearing to the person concerned\",\r\n      \"Not to receive a complaint regarding denial of information\",\r\n      \"To follow the principles of evidence\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Nature of Penalty Proceedings under Section 20<\/b><br>While imposing a penalty, the Commission must pass a reasoned\/speaking order and grant a personal hearing to the concerned PIO (principles of natural justice). However, being a quasi-judicial body, the Commission is not bound by the strict, technical rules of evidence applicable in a regular court of law \u2014 it may adopt its own procedure while exercising its civil-court-like powers of inquiry under Section 18(3).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 20,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to the RTI Act, 2005?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"An application for information can be made by any person\",\r\n      \"Information regarding the arrest of a person must be supplied within one week\",\r\n      \"Information to persons belonging to BPL category can be supplied without payment of fee\",\r\n      \"Refusal to provide information may lead to the sentence of imprisonment\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 7(5) proviso \u2013 BPL Fee Exemption<\/b><br>The proviso to Section 7(5) exempts persons belonging to the Below Poverty Line (BPL) category from paying any fee for obtaining information. In contrast: only citizens (not 'any person') can seek information under Section 3; life\/liberty-related information must be supplied within 48 hours, not one week, under Section 7(1); and refusal of information can attract only a monetary penalty under Section 20 \u2014 the Act does not provide for imprisonment.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 21,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. The RTI Act, 2005 prohibits disclosure of information regarding infringement of copyright subsisting in the State.\\n2. Information regarding trade secrets can be provided in larger public interest.\\n3. An Information Commissioner cannot be removed from his office on the ground of incompetence.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above is\/are Incorrect?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 9 & Section 14 \u2013 Correcting Common Misconceptions<\/b><br>Statement 1 is incorrect: Section 9 exempts information from disclosure only where it would involve infringement of copyright subsisting in a person OTHER than the State \u2014 copyright vesting in the State itself is not a ground for exemption, so the claim of a blanket prohibition is a misstatement. Statement 2 is correct: the trade-secrets exemption under Section 8(1)(d) is itself subject to disclosure where larger public interest warrants it. Statement 3 is also correct: Section 14 lists specific removal grounds (insolvency, conviction for an offence involving moral turpitude, infirmity of mind\/body, unsoundness of mind, prejudicial financial\/other interest, or misbehaviour) \u2014 'incompetence' is not among the enumerated grounds. Hence, only Statement 1 is incorrect.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 22,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is incorrect?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The power to expand the scope of the Second Schedule to the RTI Act, 2005 vests in the Central Government\",\r\n      \"The RTI Act, 2005 does not apply to intelligence and security organizations established by the State Governments and notified in the State Official Gazette\",\r\n      \"The RTI Act, 2005 applies to intelligence and security organizations established by the State Governments with regard to corruption matters\",\r\n      \"The RTI Act, 2005 has overriding effect over some legislations\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 24(4) \u2013 A Qualified, Not Absolute, Exemption<\/b><br>Section 24(2) vests the power to amend the Second Schedule (add\/remove Central Government intelligence and security organisations) in the Central Government (option a is correct). Section 24(4) allows a State Government to notify its own intelligence\/security organisations as exempt \u2014 but this is NOT absolute: the proviso preserves applicability for information relating to allegations of corruption and human rights violations (option c is correct, restating this proviso). Option (b), by asserting a blanket, unqualified non-application without mentioning this statutory carve-out, understates\/misstates the legal position and is therefore the incorrect statement. Option (d) correctly restates the overriding effect of the Act under Section 22.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 23,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"If an applicant is not supplied information by a Public Information Officer within prescribed time, which of the following consequences follow(s)?\\n1. The concerned Public Information Officer may face disciplinary action.\\n2. An appeal may be filed before the Appellate Authority at any time.\\n3. The Central or State Information Commission, as the case may be, may receive and enquire into the complaint of the applicant.\\n4. It shall be presumed that the information has been refused.\\n\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Sections 7(2), 18 and 20<\/b><br>If information is not supplied within the prescribed time, the PIO may face penalty\/disciplinary action under Section 20 (Statement 1) \u2705; under Section 7(2), it is deemed that the request has been refused (Statement 4) \u2705; and the applicant may lodge a complaint with the Information Commission under Section 18 (Statement 3) \u2705. However, an appeal is NOT open 'at any time' \u2014 Section 19(1) prescribes a specific 30-day limitation period from the expiry of the prescribed time, making Statement 2 incorrect. Hence, Statements 1, 3 and 4 are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 24,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following information can be disclosed under the RTI Act, 2005?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"An information which can be severed from the information exempted under the RTI Act, 2005\",\r\n      \"An information pertaining to Border Roads Development Organization\",\r\n      \"An information pertaining to Aviation Research Centre of Cabinet Secretariat\",\r\n      \"An information pertaining to the health of a Union Minister\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 10 \u2013 Severability Enables Partial Disclosure<\/b><br>Section 10 allows disclosure of the non-exempt, severable part of a record even where the rest is exempt. By contrast, the Border Roads Development Organisation and the Aviation Research Centre are both listed among the intelligence\/security organisations in the Second Schedule and are generally excluded from the Act's application under Section 24, while the health details of a Union Minister would ordinarily be protected as personal information under Section 8(1)(j).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 25,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements with regard to the Right to Information Act, 2005 is incorrect?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The disclosure of third party information cannot be made in the same way as all other information\",\r\n      \"The Right to Information Act, 2005 contains specific provisions to protect life of a person\",\r\n      \"The Right to Information Act, 2005 treats equally all information relating to corruption\",\r\n      \"An applicant denied information by a public authority can directly approach a Court for information\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 23 \u2013 No Direct Recourse to Ordinary Courts<\/b><br>Section 23 bars the jurisdiction of civil courts over matters under the Act, and remedies for denial of information must be pursued through the Act's own appellate mechanism \u2014 first appeal to a senior departmental officer, followed by a second appeal to the Information Commission under Section 19 \u2014 not by directly approaching a court. This makes option (d) the incorrect statement. The other statements \u2014 the special procedure for third-party information under Section 11, the 48-hour disposal safeguard for life\/liberty-related information under Section 7(1), and the fact that not all corruption-related information is treated identically (some remains subject to exemptions under Section 8 or the proviso to Section 24) \u2014 are all correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n{\r\n    id: 26,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 1: PRELIMINARY',\r\n    question: \"The 'information' which cannot be supplied under the Right to Information Act, 2005 includes\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"information relating to any private body which can be accessed by a public authority under any law\",\r\n      \"opinions\",\r\n      \"information relating to Border Roads Development Board\",\r\n      \"samples\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Second Schedule (via Section 24) \u2013 Border Roads Development Board<\/b><br>The Border Roads Development Board is among the organisations listed in the Second Schedule as an intelligence\/security organisation established by the Central Government, and is therefore excluded from the Act's application under Section 24 (subject to the corruption\/human-rights proviso). The other options \u2014 private-body information accessible under other law, opinions, and samples \u2014 are all expressly included within 'information' under Section 2(f).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 27,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 1: PRELIMINARY',\r\n    question: \"'Competent authority' under the provisions of the Right to Information Act, 2005 does not include the\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Vice President of India in case of Council of States\",\r\n      \"Chief Minister in case of National Capital Territory of Delhi\",\r\n      \"President of India in case of Union Public Service Commission\",\r\n      \"Chief Justice of Delhi High Court in case of Delhi High Court\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 2(e) \u2013 Competent Authority<\/b><br>Under Section 2(e), for the Legislative Assembly of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, the 'competent authority' is the Speaker \u2014 not the Chief Minister. The other options are correctly matched: the Vice-President for the Council of States, the President for other constitutional bodies like the UPSC, and the Chief Justice of the concerned High Court.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 28,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 3: CENTRAL INFORMATION COMMISSION',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements states the correct procedure for appointment of the Chief Information Commissioner?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Chief Information Commissioner is appointed by the President of India.\",\r\n      \"The Chief Information Commissioner is appointed by the President of India on the recommendations of a committee of three persons which includes Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha.\",\r\n      \"The Chief Information Commissioner is appointed by the President of India on the recommendations of a committee consisting of three persons which includes Leader of Opposition or, if no such leader has been recognized, the leader of the single largest group in opposition in the House of the People.\",\r\n      \"The Chief Information Commissioner is appointed by the President of India on the recommendations of a committee of three persons nominated by the Prime Minister.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 12(3) and its Explanation<\/b><br>Section 12(3) provides for appointment of the Chief Information Commissioner by the President on the recommendation of a three-member committee comprising the Prime Minister (Chairperson), the Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha, and a Union Cabinet Minister nominated by the Prime Minister. Where no Leader of Opposition has been recognised as such, the Explanation to Section 12(3) deems the Leader of the single largest opposition group in the House of the People to serve this role instead. Option (c) is the most complete and accurate description.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 29,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 1: PRELIMINARY',\r\n    question: \"Under the provisions of the Right to Information Act, 2005, 'public authority' includes\\n1. an institution created by a law and registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860\\n2. a Government company\\n3. an institution in the private sector created by a State Legislation\\n\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 2(h) \u2013 Wide Definition of Public Authority<\/b><br>Section 2(h) covers any authority, body, or institution of self-government established\/constituted by or under the Constitution, by Central\/State law, or by government notification, and extends (via the Explanation) to bodies owned, controlled, or substantially financed by the Government, including many NGOs. An institution created by law and registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 falls under this definition if it owes its existence to that law; a Government company is expressly covered as a body 'owned or controlled' by Government; and an institution with private-sector characteristics is still a public authority if it was created by State legislation, since it would be 'established by any other law made by the State Legislature.' All three examples qualify.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 30,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 1: PRELIMINARY',\r\n    question: \"According to the provisions of the Right to Information Act, 2005, 'right to information' does not mean\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"inspection of documents under the control of a public authority\",\r\n      \"taking notes of documents under the control of a public authority\",\r\n      \"taking certified samples of materials under the control of a public authority\",\r\n      \"information which is not under the control of a public authority\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 2(j) \u2013 Confined to Information Held by a Public Authority<\/b><br>Section 2(j) defines 'right to information' as the right to information 'accessible under this Act which is held by or under the control of any public authority.' Information which is NOT under the control of a public authority falls outside this definition altogether \u2014 the other three options (inspection, taking notes, taking certified samples) are all recognised modes of accessing information that IS under such control.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 31,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Who does not have the right to information under the Right to Information Act, 2005?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A citizen who is not aggrieved from the decision of a public authority\",\r\n      \"An entity affected from the decision of a public authority\",\r\n      \"A permanent resident of Delhi seeking information from the State Government of UP\",\r\n      \"A transgender seeking information on his rights to carry on trade\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 3 \u2013 Right Confined to 'Citizens'<\/b><br>Section 3 confers the right to information on 'all citizens' \u2014 this includes any citizen regardless of personal grievance, any citizen from anywhere in India seeking information from any public authority, and any citizen (including a transgender person) seeking information relevant to their rights. However, an 'entity' (a juristic\/artificial person such as a company or organisation) is not itself a 'citizen', and therefore does not hold the statutory right to information under Section 3 in its own right, though information may be sought by an authorised individual on its behalf.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 32,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"According to the provisions of the Right to Information Act, 2005, a public authority is under no obligation to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"ensure that all records that are appropriate to be computerized are computerized within a reasonable time subject to availability of resources.\",\r\n      \"publish within fixed time a directory of its officers and employees\",\r\n      \"disseminate all materials only in the local language\",\r\n      \"provide reasons for its administrative or quasi-judicial decisions to the affected persons\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Note on this question<\/b><br>Section 4(1)(d) expressly requires a public authority to 'provide reasons for its administrative or quasi-judicial decisions to affected persons' \u2014 this is a clear, express obligation under the Act, which appears to make option (d) an unusual choice for 'no obligation.' Based strictly on the text of the Act, the option that more accurately describes something a public authority is NOT obligated to do is option (c): Section 4(4) requires dissemination to consider the local language ALONGSIDE cost-effectiveness and the most effective method of communication \u2014 it does not require dissemination 'only' in the local language. If cross-checking this item against an official answer key, it would be worth verifying which option was actually intended, since Sections 4(1)(a) [computerisation, subject to resources], 4(1)(b)(ix) [directory of officers\/employees within a fixed time], and 4(1)(d) [reasons for decisions] are all genuine, express obligations under the Act.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 33,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"As per the provisions of the Right to Information Act, 2005, in which one of the following languages a request for information cannot be made?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"English\",\r\n      \"Hindi\",\r\n      \"Any language spoken by the applicant\",\r\n      \"The official language of the area\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 6(1) \u2013 Permitted Languages<\/b><br>Section 6(1) permits a request to be made only in English, Hindi, or the official language of the area in which the application is being made. It does not permit a request in 'any language spoken by the applicant' generally \u2014 for instance, a request in a language that is neither English, Hindi, nor the local official language would not comply with Section 6(1).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 34,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is correct with regard to the Right to Information Act, 2005?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"An illiterate person cannot seek information.\",\r\n      \"An applicant seeking information must give reasons for making the application.\",\r\n      \"Every applicant must make an application with the prescribed fee except in some cases.\",\r\n      \"An applicant seeking information must give all personal details while making the application.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 6(1) proviso & Section 7(5) proviso \u2013 Fee Requirement and Exceptions<\/b><br>Every applicant must ordinarily pay the prescribed application fee under Section 6(1), except in cases such as BPL applicants, who are exempt under the proviso to Section 7(5). An illiterate person is not barred from seeking information \u2014 Section 6(1)'s proviso requires the PIO to render reasonable assistance to reduce an oral request to writing. Section 6(2) also makes clear that no reasons or personal details (beyond those necessary for contact) are required.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 35,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"According to the provisions of the Right to Information Act, 2005, which one of the following statements is incorrect?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Where an application is made to a public authority requesting for an information which is held by another public authority, the public authority to which the application is made shall transfer that application to that other public authority not later than five days from the date of receipt of the application.\",\r\n      \"The information sought by an applicant must be given within thirty days of receipt of the request unless the request is refused.\",\r\n      \"The information can be refused in certain cases.\",\r\n      \"The information relating to life and liberty must be given within one week of the receipt of request.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 7(1) proviso \u2013 48 Hours, Not One Week<\/b><br>The proviso to Section 7(1) requires information concerning the life or liberty of a person to be provided within 48 hours of receipt of the request \u2014 not one week. This makes option (d) incorrect. The other statements \u2014 transfer within five days under Section 6(3), the general 30-day disposal timeline under Section 7(1), and permissible refusal in certain cases under Sections 8\/9 \u2014 are all correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 36,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is incorrect under the Right to Information Act, 2005?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"If an information is not supplied within specified time, it shall be presumed that the request for information has been refused under Section 7(2) of the Act.\",\r\n      \"If a request for information is deemed to have been refused under Section 7(2) of the Act, it shall be supplied free of cost.\",\r\n      \"If a request for information has been refused under Section 7(1) of the Act, reasons for such rejection need not be communicated.\",\r\n      \"Every communication relating to refusal of request for information under Section 7(1) of the RTI Act, 2005 must be accompanied by the particulars of the appellate authority.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 7(8) \u2013 Reasons Must Be Communicated<\/b><br>Section 7(8) requires the PIO, when rejecting a request, to communicate the reasons for such rejection, the period within which an appeal may be preferred, and the particulars of the appellate authority. The claim that 'reasons need not be communicated' directly contradicts Section 7(8) and is therefore incorrect. The other statements \u2014 deemed refusal under Section 7(2), free supply of information where the request is deemed refused due to delay (per RTI Rules), and mandatory inclusion of appellate authority particulars \u2014 are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 37,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 3: CENTRAL INFORMATION COMMISSION',\r\n    question: \"Under the Right to Information Act, 2005, an Information Commissioner can be removed from his office, if he\\n1. has been convicted of an offence involving moral turpitude\\n2. is unfit to continue in office by reason of his mental infirmity\\n3. has acquired a financial interest which is likely to prejudicially affect his functions\\n\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Any of the above three grounds\",\r\n      \"3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 14 \u2013 Grounds for Removal<\/b><br>Section 14 provides that an Information Commissioner may be removed from office if he: is adjudged insolvent; has been convicted of an offence involving moral turpitude \u2705; engages during his term in paid employment; is, in the opinion of the President, unfit to continue by reason of infirmity of mind or body \u2705; is of unsound mind; or has acquired such financial or other interest as is likely to affect prejudicially his functions \u2705. Each of the three listed grounds independently justifies removal, so 'any of the above three grounds' is correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 38,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 3: CENTRAL INFORMATION COMMISSION',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is correct under the Right to Information Act, 2005?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"An Information Commissioner can carry on his usual profession.\",\r\n      \"An Information Commissioner can be a member of any political party.\",\r\n      \"An Information Commissioner can be a member of Legislative Assembly of a Union Territory.\",\r\n      \"An Information Commissioner can be removed from his office only by the President of India.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 14 \u2013 Removal Only by the President<\/b><br>Section 14 vests the power to remove a Chief Information Commissioner or an Information Commissioner exclusively in the President of India, following the prescribed procedure (including reference to the Supreme Court for proven misbehaviour or incapacity, or directly for other specified grounds). By contrast, Section 13(6) bars an outgoing Commissioner from being eligible for further employment under the Central\/State Government and generally requires holding no other office of profit, being unconnected with any political party, and not carrying on any business or profession during the term of office.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 39,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Right to Information Act, 2005\\n1. an appeal against the decision of the Public Information Officer can be preferred before the appellate authority within thirty days of receipt of the decision\\n2. second appeal against the decision of the appellate authority lies within ninety days from the date on which the decision was received\\n\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 19(1) & 19(3) \u2013 First and Second Appeal Timelines<\/b><br>Section 19(1) requires a first appeal to be preferred within thirty days from receipt of the PIO's decision (or expiry of the prescribed period) \u2705. Section 19(3) provides for a second appeal to the Information Commission within ninety days from the date on which the decision should have been made, or was actually received \u2705. Both statements are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 40,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Right to Information Act, 2005, the Central Information Commission has power to\\n1. receive and inquire into any complaint from any person regarding refusal to access any information requested under the Act\\n2. require a public authority to compensate the complainant for any loss suffered by him\\n3. impose punishment of not more than three months imprisonment on a Public Information Officer who has unjustifiably refused information\\n\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Sections 18(1) & 19(8)(b) \u2013 No Power of Imprisonment<\/b><br>Section 18(1) gives the Commission power to receive and inquire into complaints regarding refusal of access (Statement 1) \u2705, and Section 19(8)(b) empowers it to require the public authority to compensate the complainant for loss suffered (Statement 2) \u2705. However, the Commission has no power to impose imprisonment on a PIO \u2014 its only sanction against a defaulting PIO is the monetary penalty under Section 20, along with a possible recommendation for disciplinary action; imprisonment is not within its powers, making Statement 3 incorrect.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 41,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 6: MISCELLANEOUS',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements with regard to the Right to Information Act, 2005 is not correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Act has an overriding effect.\",\r\n      \"The jurisdiction of civil courts is barred in respect of any order made under the Act.\",\r\n      \"No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against any person for anything done by him under the Act.\",\r\n      \"The Act does not apply to Narcotics Control Bureau.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 21 \u2013 The 'Good Faith' Qualifier<\/b><br>Section 21 protects only action taken 'in good faith' under the Act \u2014 it does not grant blanket immunity for 'anything done' regardless of good faith. Option (c), by omitting this essential qualifier, misstates the law and is the incorrect statement. Options (a) [Section 22, overriding effect], (b) [Section 23, bar of jurisdiction of civil courts] and (d) [the Narcotics Control Bureau being listed in the Second Schedule and thus exempt under Section 24] are all correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 42,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"The Central Information Commission has no power\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"of a civil court in receiving evidence on affidavit\",\r\n      \"in entertaining directly an application for information\",\r\n      \"to issue summons for examination of witnesses\",\r\n      \"to decide reasonableness of fee decided by the Public Information Officer for supplying information\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Role of the Commission Is Appellate, Not First-Instance<\/b><br>The Central Information Commission's role begins at the complaint (Section 18) or second-appeal (Section 19(3)) stage \u2014 it has no power to entertain, in the first instance, a direct application for information; such applications must be made to the PIO of the concerned public authority under Section 6. By contrast, under Section 18(3), the Commission has civil-court-like powers to receive evidence on affidavit, issue summons for examining witnesses, and (through the appeal\/complaint process) assess whether the fee charged was reasonable.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 43,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 1: PRELIMINARY',\r\n    question: \"The purpose of the Right to Information Act, 2005 is to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"punish corrupt persons\",\r\n      \"imprison dishonest civil servants\",\r\n      \"promote transparency and accountability\",\r\n      \"protect civil servants\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Preamble to the RTI Act, 2005<\/b><br>The Preamble states that the Act is enacted to provide for a practical regime of right to information for citizens, in order to secure access to information under the control of public authorities to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, contain corruption, and hold Governments and their instrumentalities accountable to the governed.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 44,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements pertaining to penalty under the Right to Information Act, 2005 is not correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The refusal to receive an application for supplying information without any reasonable cause may entail a fine of Rs 250 per day with a maximum of Rs 25,000.\",\r\n      \"The refusal to supply information without any reasonable cause may entail a fine of Rs. 250 per day with a maximum of Rs. 25,000.\",\r\n      \"Supplying wrong information may entail a fine of Rs 250 per day with a maximum of Rs. 25,000.\",\r\n      \"The refusal to receive an application for supplying information or refusing information may entail a fine of Rs. 25,000.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 20(1) \u2013 Per-Day Penalty, Not a Flat Fine<\/b><br>Section 20(1) prescribes a penalty of Rs. 250 for EACH DAY of delay\/default (subject to a maximum ceiling of Rs. 25,000) \u2014 not a flat, one-time fine of Rs. 25,000. Option (d), by describing the penalty as a fixed sum rather than a per-day charge subject to a cap, misstates the mechanism and is the incorrect statement.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 45,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following information cannot be refused under the Right to Information Act, 2005?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"information relating to intellectual property whose disclosure is not in larger public interest\",\r\n      \"Information which might impede the process of apprehension of offenders\",\r\n      \"Information obtained by a person in his fiduciary relationship, the disclosure of which is not in larger public interest\",\r\n      \"Reasons concerning the decisions of Council of Ministers except those concerning matters which have been exempted under Section 8\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 8(1)(i) \u2013 Cabinet Decisions Must Eventually Be Disclosed<\/b><br>Section 8(1)(i) requires that the decisions of the Council of Ministers, the reasons thereof, and the material on which the decisions were taken shall be made public after the decision has been taken and the matter is complete, except for matters that remain exempted under Section 8. This information CANNOT be refused once these conditions are met, unlike intellectual property (Section 8(1)(d)), information impeding apprehension of offenders (Section 8(1)(h)), and fiduciary-relationship information (Section 8(1)(e)) \u2014 all of which CAN be refused where larger public interest does not warrant disclosure.\"\r\n  },\r\n{\r\n    id: 46,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 1: PRELIMINARY',\r\n    question: \"The term \\\"public authority\\\" under the Right to Information Act, 2005 does not include which one of the following?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"National Human Rights Commission\",\r\n      \"Lokayukta of Delhi\",\r\n      \"A non-Government Organization receiving substantial grant from the Government\",\r\n      \"Trustees of PM CARES Fund\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 2(h) \u2013 'Public Authority' and the PM CARES Fund<\/b><br>The National Human Rights Commission (created under the Protection of Human Rights Act) and the Lokayukta of Delhi (a statutory body) both squarely fall within 'public authority' under Section 2(h), and an NGO substantially financed by Government funds is also covered via the explanation to Section 2(h). The Prime Minister's Citizen Assistance and Relief in Emergency Situations (PM CARES) Fund, however, has been described by the Government (including in litigation) as a charitable public trust not established by or under the Constitution, by Parliamentary\/State legislation, or by Government notification, and therefore does not fall within the definition of 'public authority' under the Act.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 47,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Who has the right to information under the Right to Information Act, 2005?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"All individuals in India including the foreigners residing in India\",\r\n      \"All individuals in India, agencies of the State and the foreigners residing in India\",\r\n      \"All citizens of India\",\r\n      \"All agencies of the State\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 3 \u2013 Right to Information<\/b><br>Section 3 states that 'subject to the provisions of this Act, all citizens shall have the right to information.' The right is conferred specifically on citizens of India, not generally on all individuals\/foreigners residing in India, nor on agencies of the State.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 48,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"The obligation of a public authority under the Right to Information Act, 2005 does not include\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"publication of all relevant facts while formulating important policies which affect public\",\r\n      \"providing reasons for its administrative decisions to affected persons\",\r\n      \"publication of all relevant facts while announcing decisions which affect public\",\r\n      \"providing information regarding commercial confidence to an applicant except in case of larger public interest\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 4(1)(c),(d) vs. Section 8(1)(d)<\/b><br>Section 4(1)(c) obligates authorities to publish all relevant facts while formulating important policies or announcing decisions affecting the public, and Section 4(1)(d) obligates them to provide reasons for administrative\/quasi-judicial decisions to affected persons. Disclosure of commercially confidential information, however, is governed by the exemption under Section 8(1)(d) \u2014 it is NOT a general obligation to disclose; disclosure becomes mandatory only where the competent authority is satisfied that larger public interest warrants it. Hence, option (d) is correctly identified as falling outside the general 'obligation' category.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 49,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 1: PRELIMINARY',\r\n    question: \"\\\"Right to information\\\" under the Right to Information Act, 2005 does not include\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"inspection of official documents\",\r\n      \"obtaining information relating to Border Roads Development Board\",\r\n      \"taking notes from the official files\",\r\n      \"taking certified copy of a decision of the Court\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 2(j) \u2013 Modes, Not Subject-Matter<\/b><br>Section 2(j) defines 'right to information' in terms of the MODES of accessing information \u2014 inspection of documents (option a), taking notes from files (option c), and taking certified copies of court decisions (option d) are all specific access-modes covered by this definition. 'Obtaining information relating to the Border Roads Development Board' does not describe a mode of access under Section 2(j) \u2014 and separately, the Border Roads Development Board is among the organisations listed in the Second Schedule, which are excluded from the Act's application under Section 24.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 50,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 1: PRELIMINARY',\r\n    question: \"\\\"Competent authority\\\" under the Right to Information Act, 2005 does not mean\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Chief Minister of Delhi\",\r\n      \"Speaker in case of Legislative Assembly of Delhi\",\r\n      \"Chairman in case of Legislative Council of Uttar Pradesh\",\r\n      \"Vice-President of India in case of Council of States\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 2(e) \u2013 Competent Authority<\/b><br>Under Section 2(e), for the Legislative Assembly of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, the 'competent authority' is the Speaker \u2014 not the Chief Minister. Similarly, for a Legislative Council it is the Chairman (correctly listed for U.P.'s Council), and for the Council of States it is the Vice-President (correctly listed). The Chief Minister of Delhi does not qualify as a competent authority under this definition.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 51,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 1: PRELIMINARY',\r\n    question: \"\\\"Information\\\" under the Right to Information Act, 2005 does not include\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"records as defined under the Right to Information Act, 2005\",\r\n      \"any information relating to a private body which cannot be accessed by a public authority\",\r\n      \"reports of Commissions of Inquiry\",\r\n      \"data material held in any electronic form\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 2(f) \u2013 Scope Regarding Private Bodies<\/b><br>Section 2(f) includes information relating to a private body 'which can be accessed by a public authority under any other law for the time being in force' \u2014 meaning only ACCESSIBLE private-body information is covered. Information relating to a private body that CANNOT be so accessed by a public authority falls outside this definition and is excluded from the scope of 'information' under the Act.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 52,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"According to the provisions of the Right to Information Act, 2005, which one of the following statements is not correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"An application for information must be made only in English or in Hindi.\",\r\n      \"An application seeking information must accompany prescribed fee except for persons below poverty line.\",\r\n      \"No personal details need to be given while seeking information except those necessary for contacting the applicant.\",\r\n      \"Information can be sought even orally.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 6(1) \u2013 Language of Application<\/b><br>Section 6(1) permits a request to be made 'in English or Hindi or in the official language of the area in which the application is being made' \u2014 not merely in English or Hindi. Option (a) omits this third permissible option (the local official language) and is therefore incorrect. The remaining statements \u2014 fee exemption for BPL persons (Section 7(5) proviso), no personal details required beyond contact necessities (Section 6(2)), and oral requests permitted with PIO's assistance (Section 6(1) proviso) \u2014 are all correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 53,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"According to the provisions of the Right to Information Act, 2005, which one of the following statements is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"No reasons are required to be given for seeking information.\",\r\n      \"Information is to be supplied free of cost after two weeks from the date of making the application.\",\r\n      \"Where an application is made to a public authority for information which is held by another public authority, the application must be transferred within one week to that public authority having the information.\",\r\n      \"If an information relates to the life of a person, the information must be supplied within one week under section 7(1) of the Right to Information Act, 2005.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 6(2) \u2013 No Reasons Required<\/b><br>Section 6(2) explicitly states that an applicant need not give any reason for requesting the information. The other options misstate the law: there is no 'two-week free supply' rule; transfer of an application under Section 6(3) must occur within five days, not one week; and information concerning life or liberty must be supplied within 48 hours, not one week, under the proviso to Section 7(1).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 54,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements is\/are correct under the Right to Information Act, 2005?\\n1. It is not necessary to supply all kinds of information.\\n2. Information pertaining to corruption in Central Reserve Police Force must be supplied.\\n3. Information pertaining to violation of human rights in Intelligence Bureau must be supplied.\\n\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 8 and the Proviso to Section 24<\/b><br>Not all information must be supplied \u2014 Section 8 lists several categories of exempt information (Statement 1) \u2705. Even for organisations otherwise exempt under Section 24 (like the CRPF and Intelligence Bureau, both listed in the Second Schedule), the proviso to Section 24(1) carves out an exception: information pertaining to allegations of corruption (Statement 2) \u2705, and human rights violations, subject to Information Commission approval and provision within 45 days (Statement 3) \u2705, must still be supplied. All three statements are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 55,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Information under the Right to Information Act, 2005 cannot be denied on which one of the following grounds\/cases?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Information relating to copyright subsisting in the State\",\r\n      \"Information is likely to impede investigation or apprehension of an offender\",\r\n      \"Information is a trade secret\",\r\n      \"Personal information affecting privacy of an individual\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 9 \u2013 Copyright Exception<\/b><br>Section 9 permits rejection only where disclosure would involve infringement of copyright 'subsisting in a person other than the State.' Where the copyright subsists in the State itself, this ground for denial is not available. This is unlike the other listed grounds \u2014 impeding investigation (Section 8(1)(h)), trade secrets (Section 8(1)(d)), and personal privacy (Section 8(1)(j)) \u2014 which remain valid grounds for denial.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 56,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 3: CENTRAL INFORMATION COMMISSION',\r\n    question: \"Which one of following statements is not correct under the Right to Information Act, 2005?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"No specific qualifications have been prescribed for appointment as Information Commissioner.\",\r\n      \"An Information Commissioner holds office at the pleasure of the President.\",\r\n      \"No person can be appointed as Information Commissioner unless he is a person of eminence in public life.\",\r\n      \"An Information Commissioner must have wide knowledge and experience in law, science, and technology, social service, management, journalism, mass media or administration and governance.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 13 \u2013 Fixed Tenure, Not 'At Pleasure'<\/b><br>Unlike posts held 'during the pleasure of the President,' an Information Commissioner enjoys a fixed term of office under Section 13 and can be removed only through the specific procedure laid down in Section 14 (proven misbehaviour\/incapacity via Supreme Court reference, or other specified grounds) \u2014 not at the President's discretion. This security of tenure safeguards the Commission's independence, making the claim that an IC 'holds office at the pleasure of the President' incorrect. The remaining statements about eminence in public life and the specified fields of expertise (Section 12(5)) are correct, and no formal educational qualification is prescribed.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 57,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements is\/are correct? Under the Right to Information Act, 2005, when only a part of the information is supplied severing the same from the rest of the information which cannot be supplied, the applicant must be given notice indicating\\n1. reasons for the severance.\\n2. address of the authority which had taken the decision.\\n3. his\/her right to review the decision.\\n\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 10(2) \u2013 Contents of Severance Notice<\/b><br>Section 10(2) requires the PIO, when providing only a severed record, to give notice of: the fact of severance; the reasons for the decision (Statement 1) \u2705; the name and designation of the person giving the decision; the fee details; and the applicant's right to seek a review (Statement 3) \u2705. The Act does not require disclosure of the 'address of the authority which had taken the decision' (Statement 2) as a mandatory element, so only Statements 1 and 3 are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n{\r\n    id: 58,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following sections of RTI Act, 2005, gives power to the Central Information Commission to require the concerned public authority to compensate the complainant for any loss or other detriment suffered?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 17(1)(a)\",\r\n      \"Section 19(8)(b)\",\r\n      \"Section 22(4)(a)\",\r\n      \"Section 24(3)(b)\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 19(8)(b) \u2013 Power to Award Compensation<\/b><br>Section 19(8)(b) empowers the Central\/State Information Commission, in deciding an appeal, to require the public authority concerned to compensate the complainant for any loss or other detriment suffered as a result of the manner in which the request for information was handled.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 59,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"In compliance with the provisions of which one of the following sections of the RTI Act, 2005, is it advised that public authorities may proactively disclose the details of foreign and domestic official tours undertaken by minister(s) and officials of the rank of Joint Secretary to the Government of India and above and the heads of the Departments, since 15th January 2012?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 4\",\r\n      \"Section 5\",\r\n      \"Section 6\",\r\n      \"Section 7\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 4 \u2013 Suo Motu Disclosure Guidelines<\/b><br>Pursuant to the proactive disclosure obligations under Section 4, the Department of Personnel & Training (DoPT) issued guidance advising public authorities to voluntarily disclose details of domestic and foreign tours undertaken by Ministers and officers of the rank of Joint Secretary and above (and Heads of Department), effective 15th January 2012, as part of the broader Section 4 disclosure regime.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 60,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following Sections of RTI Act, 2005 lays down the information which should be disclosed by public authorities on a suo motu or proactive basis?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 2(1)(a)\",\r\n      \"Section 3(1)(c)\",\r\n      \"Section 4(1)(b)\",\r\n      \"Section 5(1)(d)\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 4(1)(b) \u2013 Proactive Disclosure Categories<\/b><br>Section 4(1)(b) lists seventeen specific categories of information (particulars of organisation, powers\/duties of officers, decision-making procedure, norms for functions, budget, subsidy programmes, etc.) that every public authority must publish suo motu, reducing reliance on individual RTI applications.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 61,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"The disclosure of information may be made keeping in mind the provisions of which of the following Sections of the RTI Act, 2005?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Sections 5 to 7\",\r\n      \"Sections 8 to 11\",\r\n      \"Sections 12 to 15\",\r\n      \"Sections 16 to 19\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Sections 8\u201311 \u2013 The Disclosure Decision Framework<\/b><br>Sections 8 to 11 collectively govern the decision on what may or may not be disclosed: Section 8 lists exemptions from disclosure, Section 9 provides the copyright-based rejection ground, Section 10 allows severability of exempt and non-exempt portions, and Section 11 lays down the procedure for third-party information. A PIO must weigh all these provisions before deciding what information to release.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 62,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"CAG paras dealing with information about the issues of sovereignty and integrity of India, the security, strategic, scientific or economic interests of the State and information covered under which one of the following Sections of the RTI Act, 2005 is exempted from disclosure?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 2\",\r\n      \"Section 4\",\r\n      \"Section 6\",\r\n      \"Section 8\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 8(1)(a) \u2013 Sovereignty, Security and Strategic Interests<\/b><br>Section 8(1)(a) exempts information the disclosure of which would prejudicially affect the sovereignty and integrity of India, or the security, strategic, scientific or economic interests of the State. CAG paragraphs touching on such sensitive matters would accordingly fall within this exemption.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 63,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following sections of RTI Act, 2005, provides that the first appellate authority should dispose off the appeal within thirty days of the receipt of the appeal?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 17(a)\",\r\n      \"Section 19(6)\",\r\n      \"Section 22(4)\",\r\n      \"Section 24(3)\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 19(6) \u2013 Time Limit for Disposal of First Appeal<\/b><br>Section 19(6) requires that an appeal under Section 19(1) or 19(2) shall be disposed of within thirty days of receipt, or within a total extended period not exceeding forty-five days from the date of filing, for reasons recorded in writing.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 64,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"It is obligatory for all the public authorities under which one of the following Sections of the RTI Act, 2005 to publish all relevant facts while formulating important policies and announcing decisions affecting the public?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 4(1)(c)\",\r\n      \"Section 5(2)(a)\",\r\n      \"Section 6(3)(d)\",\r\n      \"Section 7(4)(b)\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 4(1)(c) \u2013 Publication of Relevant Facts<\/b><br>Section 4(1)(c) obligates every public authority to publish all relevant facts while formulating important policies or announcing decisions which affect the public, so that citizens have the necessary background to understand and scrutinise those decisions.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 65,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Designation of Central Assistant Public Information Officers by the public authorities is provided under which one of the following sections of the RTI Act, 2005?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 3(1)\",\r\n      \"Section 3(2)\",\r\n      \"Section 4(1)\",\r\n      \"Section 5(2)\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 5(2) \u2013 Assistant Public Information Officers<\/b><br>Section 5(2) provides for the designation of Central\/State Assistant Public Information Officers at the sub-divisional or sub-district level, to receive applications and appeals under the Act and forward them to the appropriate PIO or appellate authority.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 66,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"The purpose of suo motu disclosures under which one of the following sections of the RTI Act, 2005 is to place a large amount of information in public domain on a proactive basis to make the functioning of the public authorities more transparent and also to reduce the need for individual RTI applications?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 2\",\r\n      \"Section 4\",\r\n      \"Section 6\",\r\n      \"Section 8\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 4 \u2013 Purpose of Proactive Disclosure<\/b><br>Section 4's proactive\/suo motu disclosure regime is intended to place substantial information in the public domain as a matter of course, improving transparency in the functioning of public authorities and reducing the number of individual RTI requests needed to access routine information.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 67,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Refusal to accept an application on the ground that the demand draft\/bankers cheque\/IPO submitted by the applicant has been drawn in the name of the accounts officer may amount to refusal to accept the application. It may result into imposition of penalty by the Central Information Commission on the concerned Central Public Information Officer under which one of the following Sections of RTI Act, 2005?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 16\",\r\n      \"Section 18\",\r\n      \"Section 20\",\r\n      \"Section 22\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 20 \u2013 Penalty for Improper Refusal<\/b><br>An overly technical refusal to accept an application (such as objecting to the specific name on a demand draft rather than accepting it and reconciling payment details administratively) can amount to refusal to receive an application without reasonable cause, attracting the penalty provisions of Section 20.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 68,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following Sections of RTI Act, 2005 enables the Government to prescribe application fee for supply of information?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 6(1)\",\r\n      \"Section 8(1)\",\r\n      \"Section 10(1)\",\r\n      \"Section 12(1)\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 6(1) \u2013 Application Fee<\/b><br>Section 6(1) itself provides that a request for information shall be made 'accompanying such fee as may be prescribed' \u2014 this is the enabling provision under which the appropriate Government (via rules framed under Section 27) prescribes the actual application fee amount.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 69,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following sections of RTI Act, 2005 provide that a public information officer may seek the assistance of any other officer for proper discharge of his\/her duties?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Sub-sections (3) and (4) of Section 4\",\r\n      \"Sub-sections (4) and (5) of Section 5\",\r\n      \"Sub-sections (5) and (6) of Section 6\",\r\n      \"Sub-sections (6) and (7) of Section 7\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 5(4) & 5(5) \u2013 Assistance from Other Officers<\/b><br>Section 5(4) empowers a PIO to seek the assistance of any other officer he\/she considers necessary for the proper discharge of duties. Section 5(5) deems such an officer, whose assistance is sought, to be a PIO for the purposes of contravention of the Act's provisions, making him equally liable.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 70,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 6: MISCELLANEOUS',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the functions of RTI cell:\\n1. The cell will be a single reference point to receive applications, appeals, complaints and decisions of Central Information Commission.\\n2. The cell will ensure uploading of all applications and appeals received by it on the RTI-MIS.\\n3. The cell will ensure uploading of all complaints and decisions of CIC on the DMIS (computerised diary system).\\n\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Functions of the RTI Cell (per DoPT administrative guidelines)<\/b><br>The RTI Cell in a Ministry\/Department serves as the single reference point for receiving RTI applications, appeals, complaints, and CIC decisions (Statement 1) \u2705; ensures all applications and appeals are uploaded on the RTI Management Information System, RTI-MIS (Statement 2) \u2705; and ensures complaints and CIC decisions are recorded on the computerised diary\/monitoring system, DMIS (Statement 3) \u2705. All three statements correctly describe the RTI Cell's functions.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 71,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 6: MISCELLANEOUS',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the monitoring of RTI applications and appeals:\\n1. Annual reports as prescribed by the CIC.\\n2. A quarterly report regarding disposal and receipts including CPIO-wise analysis of disposal.\\n3. A bi-monthly report of all RTI requests received and disposed off during the period with a comparative picture.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 25 & DoPT Monitoring Guidelines<\/b><br>Section 25 requires the Central Information Commission to prepare an annual report on the implementation of the Act (Statement 1) \u2705. DoPT guidelines also require public authorities to furnish a quarterly report on RTI receipts and disposals, including CPIO-wise analysis (Statement 2) \u2705. However, there is no prescribed 'bi-monthly' reporting requirement under the monitoring framework \u2014 periodic reporting is structured as annual (Commission-level) and quarterly (public-authority level), not bi-monthly, making Statement 3 incorrect.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 72,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"According to which one of the following sections of RTI Act, 2005, if an application is received by a public authority seeking an information which is held by another public authority or which is more closely connected with the subject matter relating to another public authority, the public authority receiving the application should transfer the application to the concerned public authority?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Sub-section (3) of Section 6\",\r\n      \"Sub-section (4) of Section 5\",\r\n      \"Sub-section (5) of Section 4\",\r\n      \"Sub-section (6) of Section 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 6(3) \u2013 Transfer of Application<\/b><br>Section 6(3) requires the public authority receiving such an application to transfer it (or the relevant part) as soon as practicable, but not later than five days from receipt, to the public authority holding the information or more closely connected with the subject matter, and to inform the applicant of the transfer immediately.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 73,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following sections of RTI Act, 2005 provides that a person, who desires to obtain any information under the Act, shall make a request in writing or through electronic means in English or Hindi or in the official language of the area in which the application is being made?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 6(1)\",\r\n      \"Section 8(1)\",\r\n      \"Section 10(1)\",\r\n      \"Section 12(1)\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 6(1) \u2013 Request Procedure<\/b><br>Section 6(1) prescribes that a person seeking information shall make a request in writing or through electronic means, in English, Hindi, or the official language of the area, accompanied by the prescribed fee, to the PIO of the concerned public authority.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 74,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 1: PRELIMINARY',\r\n    question: \"According to which one of the following sections of RTI Act, 2005, 'information' means 'any material in any form'?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 2(a)\",\r\n      \"Section 2(c)\",\r\n      \"Section 2(d)\",\r\n      \"Section 2(f)\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 2(f) \u2013 Definition of Information<\/b><br>Section 2(f) opens with the words 'information means any material in any form,' before listing illustrative examples such as records, documents, memos, e-mails, opinions, advices, press releases, circulars, orders, logbooks, contracts, reports, papers, samples, models, and electronic data.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 75,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"According to which one of the following sections of RTI Act, 2005, any complaint made against an officer of the Government and any possible action the authorities might have taken on the complaint, qualifies as personal information within the meaning of the section?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 6(2)(a)\",\r\n      \"Section 8(1)(j)\",\r\n      \"Section 9(1)(d)\",\r\n      \"Section 10(2)(f)\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 8(1)(j) \u2013 Personal Information<\/b><br>Courts and Information Commission rulings have held that details of a complaint made against a government officer, and any departmental\/disciplinary action taken on it, constitute 'personal information' within the meaning of Section 8(1)(j), disclosure of which can be withheld unless a larger public interest is demonstrated.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 76,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the standard format for providing information:\\n1. RTI application number, date and date of its receipt in the public authority.\\n2. The name, designation, official telephone number and email ID of the CPIO.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Standard Format for Providing Information (DoPT guidance)<\/b><br>Standard formats devised for supplying RTI responses require noting the application number, date of application, and date of receipt in the public authority (Statement 1) \u2705, as well as the name, designation, official telephone number and email ID of the CPIO for accountability and follow-up purposes (Statement 2) \u2705. Both statements are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 77,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 6: MISCELLANEOUS',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following sections of RTI Act, 2005 casts a responsibility on the Government of States to develop and organize educational programmes to advance the understanding of the public about exercise of their right to information?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 26(1)(a)\",\r\n      \"Section 28(1)(c)\",\r\n      \"Section 30(1)(a)\",\r\n      \"Section 32(1)(c)\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 26(1)(a) \u2013 Educational Programmes<\/b><br>Section 26(1)(a) casts a duty on the appropriate Government (including State Governments) to develop and organise educational programmes to advance the public's understanding, particularly of disadvantaged communities, of how to exercise the rights contemplated under the Act.\"\r\n  },\r\n{\r\n    id: 78,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"For the period of five years, for updating records, improving infrastructure, creating manuals, and establishing the Public Records Offices, the Second Administrative Reform Commission, in its first report (June 2006), recommended that as a one-time measure, the Government of India should\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"earmark 1% of the funds of all flagship programmes\",\r\n      \"earmark 1-5% of the funds of all flagship programmes\",\r\n      \"earmark 2% of the funds of all flagship programmes\",\r\n      \"earmark 2-5% of the funds of all flagship programmes\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Second ARC Report (2006) \u2013 Recommendation on Records Management<\/b><br>The Second Administrative Reforms Commission, in its First Report titled 'Right to Information: Master Key to Good Governance' (June 2006), recommended that as a one-time measure, the Government of India earmark 1% of the funds of all flagship programmes for a five-year period, to be used for updating records, improving record-keeping infrastructure, preparing manuals, and setting up Public Records Offices, so that information could be readily retrieved and supplied under the RTI Act.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 79,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements with reference to the disposal of requests under the RTI Act, 2005:\\n1. As expeditiously as possible, in any case, within 30 days of the receipt of the request, provide the information on payment of such fee as may be prescribed.\\n2. As expeditiously as possible, in any case, within 30 days of the receipt of the request, reject the request for any of the reasons specified in Sections 8 and 9.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 7(1) \u2013 Disposal of Request<\/b><br>Section 7(1) requires the CPIO\/SPIO to, 'as expeditiously as possible, and in any case within thirty days of the receipt of the request,' either (i) provide the information on payment of fee as prescribed, or (ii) reject the request for reasons specified in Sections 8 and 9. Both statements accurately restate this provision, so both are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 80,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is not correct pertaining to the exemption from disclosure of information?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Information which does not affect the sovereignty and integrity of India\",\r\n      \"Information which has been expressly forbidden to be published by the court of law or tribunal\",\r\n      \"Information which would cause a breach of privilege of the Parliament or the State Legislature\",\r\n      \"Information which received in confidence from a foreign government\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 8(1)(a) \u2013 Exemption Related to Sovereignty and Integrity<\/b><br>Section 8(1)(a) exempts information the disclosure of which WOULD prejudicially affect the sovereignty and integrity of India \u2014 i.e., information that does affect these interests, not information which does not. Option (a), as worded, reverses the actual exemption ground and is therefore incorrect. Options (b) [Section 8(1)(b)], (c) [Section 8(1)(c)] and (d) [Section 8(1)(f)] all correctly restate genuine exemption grounds.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 81,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements with respect to the 'third party information' under the RTI Act, 2005:\\n1. The PIO can disclose the confidential information supplied by a third party without inviting the third party to make a submission in the matter.\\n2. The third party has a right to make an appeal to the Department Appellate Authority against the decision of the PIO.\\n3. If not satisfied with the decision of the Department Appellate Authority, a second appeal can be made to the concerned Information Commission.\\n4. The PIO cannot disclose third party information unless the procedure prescribed in Section 11.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\",\r\n      \"2, 3, and 4\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 4\",\r\n      \"1, 3, and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 11 \u2013 Third Party Information<\/b><br>Section 11(1) requires the PIO to give written notice to the third party inviting a submission before deciding on disclosure of confidential third-party information \u2014 the PIO cannot disclose it without following this procedure, so Statement 1 is incorrect. Section 19(1) gives the third party a right of first appeal to the Departmental Appellate Authority against the PIO's decision \u2705 (Statement 2). A dissatisfied third party may prefer a second appeal to the Information Commission under Section 19(3) \u2705 (Statement 3). Section 11 itself mandates the prescribed procedure before disclosure \u2705 (Statement 4). Hence, Statements 2, 3 and 4 are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 82,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 3: CENTRAL INFORMATION COMMISSION',\r\n    question: \"Who among the following is not in the committee to recommend the appointment of the Chief Information Commissioner and Information Commissioner by the President of India?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Prime Minister, who shall be the Chairperson of the committee\",\r\n      \"The Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"A Union Cabinet Minister to be nominated by the Prime Minister\",\r\n      \"The Chief Justice of India\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 12(3) \u2013 Selection Committee for CIC\/IC<\/b><br>Under Section 12(3), the Chief Information Commissioner and Information Commissioners are appointed by the President on the recommendation of a three-member committee consisting of the Prime Minister (Chairperson), the Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha, and a Union Cabinet Minister nominated by the Prime Minister. The Chief Justice of India has no role in this committee, unlike in the appointment process for certain other constitutional\/statutory authorities.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 83,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements with reference to the penalties under the RTI Act, 2005:\\n1. As mentioned in Section 20(1), the Central Information Commission or the State Information Commission shall impose a penalty of two hundred and fifty rupees each day till the application is received or information is furnished; however, the total amount of such penalty shall not exceed twenty-five thousand.\\n2. As the case may be, the Central Public Information Officer or the State Public Information Officer shall be given a reasonable opportunity of being heard before any penalty is imposed.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 20(1) \u2013 Quantum of Penalty and Hearing<\/b><br>Section 20(1) prescribes a penalty of Rs. 250 per day of delay (subject to a maximum of Rs. 25,000) on a CPIO\/SPIO for unreasonable refusal or delay in furnishing information \u2705 (Statement 1). Its proviso requires that the concerned CPIO\/SPIO 'shall be given a reasonable opportunity of being heard before any penalty is imposed' \u2705 (Statement 2). Both statements are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 84,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 6: MISCELLANEOUS',\r\n    question: \"The RTI Week is celebrated every year during\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"5th\u201412th September\",\r\n      \"5th\u201412th October\",\r\n      \"5th\u201412th November\",\r\n      \"5th\u201412th December\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>RTI Week \u2013 5th to 12th October<\/b><br>The Right to Information Act, 2005 came into full operation on 12th October 2005. This date is observed annually as 'RTI Day', and public authorities\/civil society organisations mark 'RTI Week' from 5th to 12th October each year to build public awareness about the Act.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 85,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 1: PRELIMINARY',\r\n    question: \"Which among the following institutions is not considered a 'Public Authority' under the RTI Act, 2005?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Established or constituted by or under the Constitution of India\",\r\n      \"Established by a private entity not financed and controlled by the Government\",\r\n      \"Established or constituted by any law made by the Parliament\",\r\n      \"Established or constituted by any law made by a State Government\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 2(h) \u2013 Definition of Public Authority<\/b><br>Section 2(h) confines 'public authority' to bodies established by\/under the Constitution, by Parliamentary or State legislation, by government notification, or bodies owned, controlled, or substantially financed by the appropriate Government (including certain NGOs). A body established by a private entity that is NOT financed or controlled by the Government falls entirely outside this definition and is therefore not a 'public authority' under the Act.\"\r\n  },\r\n{\r\n    id: 86,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 1: PRELIMINARY',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the competent authority under the RTI Act, 2005: Competent authority means:\\n1. the Chief Justice of India, in the case of the Supreme Court.\\n2. the Chief Justice of the High Court, in the case of a High Court.\\n3. the Administrator appointed under Article 239 of the Constitution of India.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 2(e) \u2013 Definition of Competent Authority<\/b><br>Section 2(e) defines 'competent authority' to include: the Speaker (House of the People\/Legislative Assembly) or Chairman (Council of States\/Legislative Council); the Chief Justice of India in the case of the Supreme Court \u2705; the Chief Justice of the High Court in the case of a High Court \u2705; the President or Governor for other constitutional authorities; and the Administrator appointed under Article 239 of the Constitution \u2705. All three statements correctly reflect categories under this definition.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 87,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 1: PRELIMINARY',\r\n    question: \"Under the RTI Act, 2005, which one of the following is not an objective of the Act?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Promoting transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority\",\r\n      \"Reducing corruption and promoting good governance\",\r\n      \"Empowering citizens and enhancing their participation in governance\",\r\n      \"Providing unlimited access to classified information\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Preamble & Section 8 \u2013 Balance, Not Unlimited Access<\/b><br>The Preamble to the RTI Act sets out its objectives as promoting transparency and accountability, reducing corruption, and enabling citizens to participate meaningfully in governance. However, this transparency is always balanced against reasonable exemptions under Section 8 (sovereignty, security, privacy, etc.). 'Unlimited access to classified information' was never an objective of the Act \u2014 access is deliberately calibrated, not absolute.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 88,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"What does Section 8(1)(j) of the RTI Act, 2005 pertain to?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Information that may cause a breach of privilege of Parliament\",\r\n      \"Information that may prejudicially affect the sovereignty and integrity of India\",\r\n      \"Personal information that can be withheld if it serves a public interest\",\r\n      \"Information relating to trade secrets and intellectual property\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 8(1)(j) \u2013 Personal Information Exemption<\/b><br>Section 8(1)(j) exempts 'information which relates to personal information the disclosure of which has no relationship to any public activity or interest, or which would cause unwarranted invasion of the privacy of the individual,' unless the PIO or Appellate Authority is satisfied that larger public interest justifies disclosure. This is the well-known privacy exemption, correctly described in option (c).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 89,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following clauses pertaining to the obligations of public authority under the RTI Act, 2005:\\n1. Every public authority shall maintain all its records duly cataloged and indexed in a manner and the form which facilitates the Right to Information Act.\\n2. Every public authority shall publish the particulars of its organization, functions, and duties.\\n3. Every information shall be disseminated widely and in such a manner which is easily accessible to the public.\\n4. All materials shall be disseminated taking into consideration the cost effectiveness, local language, and the most effective method of communication in that local area and the information should be easily accessible.\\n\\nWhich of the above clauses is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3, and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 4(1) \u2013 Obligations of Public Authorities<\/b><br>Section 4(1)(a) requires records to be maintained duly catalogued and indexed to facilitate the right to information \u2705; Section 4(1)(b) requires publication of particulars of organisation, functions and duties \u2705; Section 4(2) requires wide dissemination of information in an easily accessible manner \u2705; and Section 4(4) requires dissemination to consider cost-effectiveness, local language, and the most effective method of communication, keeping information easily accessible \u2705. All four clauses are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 90,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is not the obligation of public authority to publish the information on the public domain?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The powers and duties of its officers and employees\",\r\n      \"The norms set by it for the discharge of its functions\",\r\n      \"The information received in confidence from a foreign Government\",\r\n      \"The names, designations, and other particulars of the Public Information Officer\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Sections 4(1)(b) and 8(1)(f)<\/b><br>Section 4(1)(b) requires proactive publication of items such as powers\/duties of officers (cl. ii) \u2705, norms set for the discharge of functions (cl. iv) \u2705, and particulars of the PIOs (cl. xvi) \u2705. However, 'information received in confidence from a foreign Government' is specifically EXEMPTED from disclosure under Section 8(1)(f) \u2014 it is a protected exemption, not a matter of proactive publication.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 91,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following clauses pertaining to the exemption from disclosure of information under the RTI Act, 2005:\\n1. Details in respect of the information, available to or held by it, reduced in an electronic form.\\n2. Information which has been expressly forbidden to be published by any court of law or tribunal or the disclosure of which may constitute contempt of court.\\n3. Provide reasons for its administrative or quasi-judicial decisions to the affected person.\\n4. Information which would impede the process of investigation or apprehension or prosecution of offenders.\\n\\nWhich of the above clauses are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"3 and 4 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 8(1) \u2013 Genuine Exemption Grounds<\/b><br>Among the four items, only Statements 2 and 4 are actual exemptions under Section 8(1): information forbidden from publication by a court\/tribunal or amounting to contempt of court (Section 8(1)(b)) \u2705, and information that would impede investigation, apprehension, or prosecution of offenders (Section 8(1)(h)) \u2705. Statement 1 (publishing details of information held electronically) is a proactive disclosure obligation under Section 4(1)(b), and Statement 3 (providing reasons for administrative\/quasi-judicial decisions) is an obligation under Section 4(1)(d) \u2014 neither is an exemption.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 92,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Which Section of the RTI Act, 2005 deals with penalties for non-compliance by public authorities?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 27\",\r\n      \"Section 20\",\r\n      \"Section 10\",\r\n      \"Section 16\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 20 \u2013 Penalties<\/b><br>Section 20 deals with monetary penalties imposable on a CPIO\/SPIO for non-compliance with the Act's requirements (refusal to receive applications, delay in furnishing information, malafide denial, destroying information, or obstructing furnishing of information), along with the possibility of recommending disciplinary action under Section 20(2).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 93,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is not a ground for rejection of an RTI application?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The vague or unclear application\",\r\n      \"Application filed by an unauthorized person\",\r\n      \"Application requesting sensitive defense-related information\",\r\n      \"Application seeking information from a private entity\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Applicability of the Act to Public Authorities Only<\/b><br>Vague\/unclear applications cannot be processed for want of clarity, and sensitive defence-related information can be exempted under Section 8(1)(a). However, 'seeking information from a private entity' is not, strictly speaking, a ground for 'rejection' under Sections 8\/9 \u2014 rather, RTI applications can only be made to a 'public authority' as defined under Section 2(h) in the first place; a purely private body (not substantially financed by Government) falls outside the Act's applicability altogether.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 94,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"RTI Act, 2005 is based on which fundamental right of the Constitution of India?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Right to Equality (Article 14)\",\r\n      \"Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression (Article 19)\",\r\n      \"Right to Life and Personal Liberty (Article 21)\",\r\n      \"Right against Exploitation (Article 23)\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Constitutional Basis \u2013 Article 19(1)(a)<\/b><br>The Supreme Court has held in several judgments (e.g., State of U.P. v. Raj Narain, and later cases) that the right to information is implicit in the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1)(a), since meaningful exercise of free speech requires citizens to be well-informed. The RTI Act, 2005 operationalises this constitutionally-rooted right through a statutory framework.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 95,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is not correct about the RTI Act, 2005?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Right of Information Bill has been passed by both the Houses of Parliament and received assent of the President on 15th June, 2005.\",\r\n      \"Any citizen may request information about the activities of the public authority.\",\r\n      \"There is no nominal application fee that is needed to pay to get information under RTI application.\",\r\n      \"The Right to Information (Amendment) Act 2019 (24 of 2019) came into effect on 24-10-2019.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>RTI Rules, 2012 \u2013 Application Fee<\/b><br>Under the RTI Rules, a nominal application fee (typically Rs. 10 for Central public authorities) is prescribed, except for applicants belonging to the Below Poverty Line (BPL) category, who are exempt under the proviso to Section 7(5). The claim that 'no fee is needed' is therefore incorrect. The other statements \u2014 Presidential assent on 15 June 2005, the right of any citizen to seek information (Section 3), and the RTI (Amendment) Act 2019 coming into force on 24-10-2019 \u2014 are all factually correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 96,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 3: CENTRAL INFORMATION COMMISSION',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements: The Chief Information Commissioner and Information Commissioners shall be appointed by the President on the recommendation of a committee consisting of\\n1. the Prime Minister, who shall be the Chairperson of the committee.\\n2. the Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha.\\n3. a Union Cabinet Minister to be nominated by the Prime Minister.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 12(3) \u2013 Selection Committee<\/b><br>Section 12(3) provides that the Chief Information Commissioner and Information Commissioners are appointed by the President on the recommendation of a three-member committee: the Prime Minister (Chairperson), the Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha, and a Union Cabinet Minister nominated by the Prime Minister. All three statements are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 97,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements pertaining to powers and functions of the Information Commission to receive and inquire into a complaint from any person:\\n1. Who has not been refused access to any information requested under the RTI Act, 2005.\\n2. Who has not been given a response to a request for information or access to information within the time limits specified under the RTI Act, 2005.\\n3. Who believes that he or she has been given incomplete, misleading, or false information under the RTI Act, 2005.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 18(1) \u2013 Grounds for Complaint<\/b><br>Section 18(1)(b) actually provides for a complaint from a person 'who has been refused access to any information' \u2014 Statement 1, worded as 'has NOT been refused access', misstates this ground and is incorrect. Section 18(1)(c) covers a person who has not received a response within the specified time limits \u2705 (Statement 2). Section 18(1)(e) covers a person who believes the information given is incomplete, misleading, or false \u2705 (Statement 3). Hence, only Statements 2 and 3 are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 98,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"The Commission shall impose how much amount as the penalty on each day, if the PIO, without any reasonable cause, refused to receive an application for information till it reaches Rupees twenty-five thousand under the RTI Act, 2005?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"\u20b9 200\",\r\n      \"\u20b9 225\",\r\n      \"\u20b9 250\",\r\n      \"\u20b9 300\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 20(1) \u2013 Quantum of Penalty<\/b><br>Section 20(1) prescribes a penalty of Rs. 250 per day of delay\/refusal, subject to a total maximum of Rs. 25,000, imposable on a CPIO\/SPIO who has acted without reasonable cause.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 99,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 6: MISCELLANEOUS',\r\n    question: \"The RTI Act, 2005 mandates that all public authorities must proactively disclose certain categories of information. What is this proactive disclosure mechanism called?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"RTI Monitoring System\",\r\n      \"Central Information Portal\",\r\n      \"National Public Information Directory\",\r\n      \"RTI Annual Report\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 4(1)(b) & Section 25 \u2013 Proactive Disclosure and Reporting<\/b><br>Section 4(1)(b) mandates proactive (suo motu) disclosure of specified categories of information by every public authority, reducing the need for individual RTI applications. This regime is consolidated and monitored through the RTI Annual Report prepared under Section 25, to which every public authority contributes data, and which is compiled and submitted by the Central\/State Information Commission to the appropriate Government for tabling before Parliament\/the State Legislature.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 100,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is not a method of filing an RTI application?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Online through the RTI portal\",\r\n      \"By post\",\r\n      \"In person to the Chief Information Commissioner\",\r\n      \"By hand to the Public Information Officer\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Sections 5 & 6 \u2013 Where an Application Must Be Filed<\/b><br>RTI applications are filed with the PIO\/APIO of the concerned public authority \u2014 online (via the RTI portal), by post, or by hand \u2014 as provided under Sections 5 and 6. There is no provision for filing an application directly, in person, to the Chief Information Commissioner, who has no role in receiving first-instance applications; his role begins only at the second-appeal\/complaint stage under Sections 18 and 19.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 101,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Who can file an appeal before the Central Information Commission?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Only the applicant whose RTI application was rejected\",\r\n      \"Any third party affected by the RTI application\",\r\n      \"Only the Chief Information Commissioner\",\r\n      \"Any citizen who is aggrieved by the decision of the Public Information Officer\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 19 \u2013 Right of Appeal<\/b><br>Section 19 allows a second appeal to the Information Commission by any person aggrieved by a decision of the First Appellate Authority (which itself hears appeals from persons aggrieved by the PIO's decision), which broadly includes not just the original applicant but also any affected citizen (including a third party in appropriate cases) who has gone through the first-appeal process.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 102,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"What is the fee prescribed under the RTI Rules, 2012 for the Below Poverty Line applicant?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"\u20b9 10\",\r\n      \"\u20b9 20\",\r\n      \"\u20b9 30\",\r\n      \"Exempted from payment of fee\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 7(5) proviso & RTI Rules, 2012 \u2013 BPL Exemption<\/b><br>Under the proviso to Section 7(5), read with the RTI Rules, 2012, a person belonging to the Below Poverty Line (BPL) category is not required to pay any fee for seeking information under the Act, provided proof of BPL status is furnished along with the application.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 103,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is the normal time limit for disposal of the RTI request from the date of receipt?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"15 days\",\r\n      \"20 days\",\r\n      \"25 days\",\r\n      \"30 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 7(1) \u2013 Time Limit for Disposal<\/b><br>Section 7(1) requires disposal of a request 'as expeditiously as possible, and in any case within thirty days of the receipt of the request' \u2014 this is the normal time limit, reduced to 48 hours where the information concerns life or liberty.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 104,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 6: MISCELLANEOUS',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following Sections of the RTI Act, 2005 provides protection to the persons giving information under the Act?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 11\",\r\n      \"Section 22\",\r\n      \"Section 24\",\r\n      \"Section 27\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Note on this question<\/b><br>The provision that specifically protects persons who furnish information in good faith under the Act from suit, prosecution, or other legal proceedings is <b>Section 21 ('Protection of action taken in good faith')<\/b> \u2014 however, Section 21 is not among the options listed for this question. Of the options given, Section 22 ('Act to have overriding effect') ensures the Act \u2014 and by extension the good-faith protection under Section 21 that operates alongside it \u2014 prevails over conflicting provisions of the Official Secrets Act, 1923 and other laws that might otherwise expose an informant or officer to liability. If revising this question bank, it would be worth double-checking whether Section 21 should be added as an option here, since it is the section that directly and expressly grants this protection.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 105,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 6: MISCELLANEOUS',\r\n    question: \"Which Section of the RTI Act, 2005 empowers the Central Government to make rules to carry out the provisions of the Act?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 18\",\r\n      \"Section 27\",\r\n      \"Section 30\",\r\n      \"Section 32\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 27 \u2013 Power to Make Rules by Appropriate Government<\/b><br>Section 27 empowers the appropriate Government (Central or State), by notification in the Official Gazette, to make rules to carry out the provisions of the Act \u2014 covering matters such as fee structures, additional costs of providing information, and other prescribed particulars.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 106,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Under the RTI Act, 2005, can the applicant seek information through email or electronic means?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Yes, electronic requests are allowed\",\r\n      \"No, only physical applications are accepted\",\r\n      \"Depends on the discretion of the public authority\",\r\n      \"Electronic requests are allowed, but only for certain types of information\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 6(1) \u2013 Request in Writing or Electronic Means<\/b><br>Section 6(1) permits a person seeking information to make a request 'in writing or through electronic means in English or Hindi or in the official language of the area,' meaning electronic (including email) requests are expressly permitted for any type of information covered by the Act.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 107,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"From the date of expiry of the prescribed period, or from the receipt of communication from the CPIO, what is the time limit for filing of first appeal?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Within 15 days\",\r\n      \"Within 20 days\",\r\n      \"Within 25 days\",\r\n      \"Within 30 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 19(1) \u2013 Time Limit for First Appeal<\/b><br>Section 19(1) provides that a first appeal must be filed within thirty days from the expiry of the prescribed period for disposal of the request, or from the date of receipt of the decision, whichever is applicable \u2014 though the appellate authority may admit the appeal after this period if satisfied there was sufficient cause for the delay.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 108,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 6: MISCELLANEOUS',\r\n    question: \"Which Section of the RTI Act, 2005 deals with the protection for work done in good faith?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 21\",\r\n      \"Section 22\",\r\n      \"Section 23\",\r\n      \"Section 24\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 21 \u2013 Protection of Action Taken in Good Faith<\/b><br>Section 21 bars any suit, prosecution, or other legal proceeding against any person for anything done, or intended to be done, in good faith under the Act or any rule made thereunder. This protects officials (like PIOs) as well as citizens\/informants who furnish information in good faith while implementing or availing the Act. (This confirms Section 21 as the correct provision \u2014 see the note under the earlier question at id 45, whose options omitted this section.)\"\r\n  },\r\n{\r\n    id: 109,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"The officer designated by the public authorities in all administrative units or offices under it to provide information to the citizens requesting information under the Act is known as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Appellate Authority\",\r\n      \"Chief Information Commissioner\",\r\n      \"Public Information Officer\",\r\n      \"Assistant Public Information Officer\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 5(1) \u2013 Designation of Public Information Officers<\/b><br>Section 5(1) of the RTI Act, 2005 requires every public authority to designate, within 100 days of the Act's enactment, Central\/State Public Information Officers in all administrative units or offices to provide information to persons requesting it under the Act. This officer is the Public Information Officer (PIO) \u2014 distinct from the Appellate Authority (who hears first appeals), the Chief Information Commissioner (who heads the Central Information Commission), and the Assistant Public Information Officer (who receives\/forwards applications at the sub-divisional level under Section 5(2)).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 110,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements: Under RTI Act, 2005, the grounds for a complaint could be:\\n1. Being asked to pay an unreasonable amount of fee.\\n2. Being given incomplete or false information.\\n3. Any matter relating to, requesting or obtaining access to records.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 18(1) \u2013 Grounds for Complaint<\/b><br>Section 18(1) empowers the Information Commission to receive and inquire into complaints on several grounds, including: (d) being required to pay a fee considered unreasonable \u2705 (Statement 1); (e) being given incomplete, misleading or false information \u2705 (Statement 2); and (f) 'in respect of any other matter relating to requesting or obtaining access to records' \u2014 a residuary\/catch-all ground \u2705 (Statement 3). All three statements are valid grounds for a complaint under Section 18(1).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 111,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements: Section 4(1)(b) (xi) of RTI Act, 2005 states that a public authority should publish:\\n1. The budget allocated to each of its agency.\\n2. The proposed expenditures.\\n3. Reports on disbursements made.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 4(1)(b)(xi) \u2013 Proactive Disclosure of Budget<\/b><br>Section 4(1)(b)(xi) requires every public authority to publish 'the budget allocated to each of its agency, indicating the particulars of all plans, proposed expenditures and reports on disbursements made.' This single clause covers all three elements \u2014 budget allocation, proposed expenditure, and disbursement reports \u2014 so all three statements are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 112,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following Sections of RTI Act, 2005 deals with 'obligations of public authorities'?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 6\",\r\n      \"Section 7\",\r\n      \"Section 4(1)\",\r\n      \"Section 8\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 4 \u2013 Obligations of Public Authorities<\/b><br>Section 4(1) lays down the obligations of public authorities, including maintenance of records, proactive\/suo motu disclosure of specified categories of information under Section 4(1)(b), and computerisation of records. Sections 6, 7 and 8 deal instead with the request procedure, disposal of requests, and exemptions respectively \u2014 not the general obligations of public authorities.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 113,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 3: CENTRAL INFORMATION COMMISSION',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following Sections of RTI Act, 2005 deal(s) with 'Constitution of Central Information Commission'?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 11\",\r\n      \"Section 16\",\r\n      \"Section 14 and 15\",\r\n      \"Section 12 and 13\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Sections 12 & 13 \u2013 Setting Up the Central Information Commission<\/b><br>Section 12 empowers the Central Government to constitute the Central Information Commission, prescribing its composition (a Chief Information Commissioner and up to ten Information Commissioners) and the three-member selection committee that recommends appointments. Section 13 complements this by prescribing the term of office and conditions of service of these appointees. Read together, these two sections lay down the complete framework for constituting and staffing the Commission. Section 14 deals with removal, and Sections 11 and 16 are unrelated (third-party information and the State Commission's term of office, respectively).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 114,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 1: PRELIMINARY',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements: Right to Information includes the right to:\\n1. Inspect works, documents, records.\\n2. Take notes, extracts or certified copies of documents or records.\\n3. Take certified samples of material.\\n4. Obtain information in the form of printouts, diskettes, floppies, tapes, video cassettes or in any other electronic mode or through printouts.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 2(j) \u2013 Definition of Right to Information<\/b><br>Section 2(j) defines 'right to information' as including the right to (i) inspection of work, documents, records; (ii) taking notes, extracts or certified copies of documents\/records; (iii) taking certified samples of material; and (iv) obtaining information in electronic form (diskettes, floppies, tapes, video cassettes, or any other electronic mode or through printouts). All four statements accurately reflect this definition.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 115,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements: The obligations of public authorities under RTI Act, 2005 include:\\n1. It shall publish the powers and duties of its officers and employees.\\n2. It shall publish the procedure followed in its decision-making process, including channels of supervision and accountability.\\n3. It shall publish the norms set by it for the discharge of its functions.\\n4. It shall publish the rules, regulations, instructions, manuals and records used by its employees for discharging its functions.\\n5. It shall not publish the statement of the categories of the documents held by it or under its control.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 5 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3, 4 and 5 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3, 4 and 5\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 4(1)(b) \u2013 Obligations to Publish<\/b><br>Section 4(1)(b) requires publication of, among other things: powers and duties of officers\/employees, cl. (ii) \u2705; procedure followed in decision-making including channels of supervision and accountability, cl. (iii) \u2705; norms set for discharge of functions, cl. (iv) \u2705; and rules, regulations, instructions, manuals and records used by employees, cl. (vii) \u2705. However, Section 4(1)(b)(v) actually REQUIRES publication of the statement of categories of documents held \u2014 it does not prohibit it. Statement 5, which claims the authority 'shall not' publish this, is incorrect, so the answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4 only.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 116,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"What are the information not open to disclosure under RTI Act, 2005?\\n1. Disclosure of which would prejudicially affect the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security, strategic, scientific or economic interests of the State, relation with foreign State or lead to incitement of an offense.\\n2. Information which has been expressly forbidden to be published by any court of law or tribunal or the disclosure of which may constitute contempt of court.\\n3. Information, the disclosure of which would cause a breach of privilege of Parliament or the State Legislature.\\n4. Information including commercial confidence, trade secrets or intellectual property, the disclosure of which would harm the competitive position of a third party unless the competent authority is satisfied that larger public interest warrants the disclosure of such information.\\n\\nChoose the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 8(1) \u2013 Exemption from Disclosure of Information<\/b><br>Section 8(1)(a) exempts information affecting sovereignty\/integrity, security, strategic, scientific or economic interests of the State, foreign relations, or that would incite an offence \u2705; Section 8(1)(b) exempts information forbidden by a court\/tribunal or that would amount to contempt of court \u2705; Section 8(1)(c) exempts information that would cause a breach of parliamentary\/legislative privilege \u2705; and Section 8(1)(d) exempts commercial confidence, trade secrets, or intellectual property, unless larger public interest warrants disclosure \u2705. All four statements correctly reflect grounds under Section 8(1).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 117,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following Sections of RTI Act, 2005 deals with 'exemption from disclosure of information'?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 8\",\r\n      \"Section 9\",\r\n      \"Section 11\",\r\n      \"Section 7\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 8 \u2013 Exemption from Disclosure of Information<\/b><br>Section 8 lists ten categories of information (clauses (a) to (j)) that a public authority may refuse to disclose, ranging from sovereignty\/security concerns to personal privacy. Section 9 deals separately with the narrower ground of copyright infringement, Section 7 with disposal of requests, and Section 11 with third-party information.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 118,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following sections of RTI Act, 2005, a Central\/State Public Information Officer may reject a request for information where such a request for providing access would involve an infringement of copyright subsisting in a person other than the State?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 8\",\r\n      \"Section 9\",\r\n      \"Section 10\",\r\n      \"Section 11\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 9 \u2013 Grounds for Rejection to Access in Certain Cases<\/b><br>Section 9 provides that a PIO 'may reject a request for information where such a request for providing access would involve an infringement of copyright subsisting in a person other than the State.' This is a distinct, standalone ground of rejection separate from the general exemptions listed in Section 8.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 119,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 1: PRELIMINARY',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:\\nThe definition of \\\"Information\\\" under Section 2(f) of RTI Act, 2005 includes\\n1. Records\\n2. Opinions\\n3. Documents\\n\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 2(f) \u2013 Definition of Information<\/b><br>Section 2(f) defines 'information' as 'any material in any form, including records, documents, memos, e-mails, opinions, advices, press releases, circulars, orders, logbooks, contracts, reports, papers, samples, models, data material held in any electronic form and information relating to any private body which can be accessed by a public authority under any other law for the time being in force.' Records, documents, and opinions are all explicitly named, making all three statements correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 120,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements: The RTI Act, 2005 stipulates that a Public Authority should transfer an RTI application or a part thereof to another Public Authority if the application or a part of it pertains to information\\n1. held by another Public Authority.\\n2. the subject matter of which is more closely connected with the functions of another Public Authority.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 6(3) \u2013 Transfer of Application<\/b><br>Section 6(3) requires transfer of an application (or the relevant part) where the information sought (a) is held by another public authority, or (b) the subject matter of which is more closely connected with the functions of another public authority. Both grounds are explicitly provided for, so 'Both 1 and 2' is correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 121,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following Sections deals with severability in the RTI Act, 2005?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 11\",\r\n      \"Section 9\",\r\n      \"Section 10\",\r\n      \"Section 12\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 10 \u2013 Severability<\/b><br>Section 10 allows a public authority to sever the exempted part of a record from the non-exempt part, and provide access to the remaining non-exempt information, along with a notice explaining the severance under Section 10(2).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 122,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 1: PRELIMINARY',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements: As per Section 2(h) of RTI Act, 2005 \\\"public authority\\\" means any authority or body or institution of self-Government established or constituted\\n1. by or under the Constitution.\\n2. by any other law made by Parliament.\\n3. by any other law made by State Legislature.\\n4. by notification issued or order made by the appropriate Government.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 2(h) \u2013 Definition of Public Authority<\/b><br>Section 2(h) defines 'public authority' as any authority, body, or institution of self-government established or constituted (i) by or under the Constitution; (ii) by any other law made by Parliament; (iii) by any other law made by a State Legislature; or (iv) by notification issued or order made by the appropriate Government, and further extends to bodies owned, controlled or substantially financed by the Government. All four statements correctly reflect this definition.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 123,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 1: PRELIMINARY',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements: As per Section 2(i) of RTI Act, 2005 'record' includes\\n1. any document, manuscript and file.\\n2. any microfilm, microfiche and facsimile copy of a document.\\n3. any reproduction of image or images embodied in such microfilm.\\n4. any other material produced by a computer or any other device.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 2(i) \u2013 Definition of Record<\/b><br>Section 2(i) defines 'record' to include (i) any document, manuscript and file; (ii) any microfilm, microfiche and facsimile copy of a document; (iii) any reproduction of image or images embodied in such microfilm; and (iv) any other material produced by a computer or any other device. All four statements form part of this definition.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 124,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following are correct about an inquiry carried out by an Information Commission?\\n1. It may examine any record to which the RTI Act, 2005 applies.\\n2. No such record can be withheld from it (irrespective of any provision of any Act passed by the Parliament or the State Legislature).\\n3. IC has the powers of a Civil Court trying a suit under the Code of Civil Procedure.\\n\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 18(3) \u2013 Powers of Inquiry<\/b><br>While inquiring into any matter, the Information Commission may examine any record to which the Act applies and which is under the control of the public authority \u2705; no such record may be withheld from it on any ground, notwithstanding any other law in force \u2705; and it has the same powers as vested in a civil court trying a suit under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 \u2014 such as summoning and enforcing attendance of persons, requiring discovery\/inspection of documents, and receiving evidence on affidavit \u2705. All three statements are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 125,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:\\nA Public Information Officer will be liable to be imposed a monetary penalty for:\\n1. refusal to receive an information application.\\n2. not providing information within specified time limits.\\n3. destroying information.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 20(1) \u2013 Grounds for Penalty<\/b><br>Section 20(1) empowers the Information Commission to impose a penalty of Rs. 250 per day (up to a maximum of Rs. 25,000) on a PIO who, without reasonable cause, (i) refused to receive an application, (ii) failed to furnish information within the specified time, or (iii) destroyed information that was the subject of the request. All three statements correctly describe penalty-attracting conduct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 126,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Who receives applications under the RTI Act, 2005?\\n1. Public Information Officer at the administrative unit level.\\n2. Assistant Public Information Officer at the sub-district, sub-divisional levels.\\n3. Any officer of a Public Authority who is available in the Authority's office when the application is made.\\n\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Sections 5(1) & 5(2) \u2013 Officers Authorised to Receive Applications<\/b><br>Under Section 5(1), a Public Information Officer designated at the administrative unit\/office level receives applications \u2705. Under Section 5(2), an Assistant Public Information Officer designated at the sub-divisional\/sub-district level also receives applications and forwards them to the appropriate PIO \u2705. The Act does not authorise 'any officer available in the office' to receive applications \u2014 only specifically designated PIOs\/APIOs can do so, making Statement 3 incorrect. Hence, only Statements 1 and 2 are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 127,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements: An applicant making a request for information\\n1. shall give the reason for which the information is sought.\\n2. shall give the personal details of the applicant.\\n3. shall not give any reason for requesting the information or any other personal details except those that may be necessary for contacting him.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 6(2) \u2013 No Reasons or Personal Details Required<\/b><br>Section 6(2) explicitly states that an applicant making a request for information 'shall not be required to give any reason for requesting the information or any other personal details except those that may be necessary for contacting him.' Only Statement 3 correctly reflects this provision; Statements 1 and 2 contradict it.\"\r\n  },\r\n{\r\n    id: 128,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following sections of the RTI Act, 2005 deals with severability?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 9\",\r\n      \"Section 10\",\r\n      \"Section 11\",\r\n      \"Section 12\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 10 \u2013 Severability<\/b><br>Section 10(1) of the RTI Act, 2005 states that if a request for information contains both exempt and non-exempt information, the Public Authority must provide access to the non-exempt part after severing the exempted portion.<br>Section 10(2) mandates that the applicant be informed about the decision of severability and reasons for the denial of certain portions.<br><b>Extract from Section 10(1):<\/b><br>\\\"Where a request for access to information is rejected on the ground that it is in relation to information which is exempt from disclosure, then, notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, access may be provided to that part of the record which does not contain exempt information and which can reasonably be severed.\\\"\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 129,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 1: PRELIMINARY',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:\\nAs per Section 2(h) of the RTI Act, 2005, \\\"public authority\\\" means any authority or body or institution of self-government established or constituted:\\n1. By any other law made by the Parliament.\\n2. By any other law made by the State legislature.\\n3. By notification issued or order made by the appropriate Government.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 2(h) \u2013 Definition of Public Authority<\/b><br>Section 2(h) of the RTI Act, 2005 defines Public Authority as:<br>(i) A body established by the Constitution<br>(ii) A body created by any law made by Parliament \u2705<br>(iii) A body created by any law made by a State Legislature \u2705<br>(iv) A body created by any notification issued or order made by the Government \u2705<br>(v) Any entity substantially financed by the Government<br>Thus, all three statements are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 130,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 6: MISCELLANEOUS',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:\\nRTI Act, 2005 is not applicable to:\\n1. All non-Government organisations substantially financed by political parties.\\n2. All bodies owned, controlled, or substantially financed by the appropriate Government.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 24(1) of the RTI Act<\/b> states that the Act does not apply to intelligence and security organizations specified in the Second Schedule, except in cases related to corruption and human rights violations.<br>Non-Government organizations financed by political parties are not explicitly exempt from RTI. However, political parties themselves have been declared outside the RTI Act by a CIC ruling.<br>Thus, only statement 2 is correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 131,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 1: PRELIMINARY',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:\\nAs per Section 2(i) of the RTI Act, 2005, \\\"record\\\" includes:\\n1. Any microfilm, microfiche, and facsimile copy of a document.\\n2. Any reproduction of image or images embodied in such microfilm.\\n3. Any other material produced by a computer or any other device.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 2(i) \u2013 Definition of Record<\/b><br>Section 2(i) of the RTI Act defines \\\"record\\\" as including:<br>1. Any document, manuscript, and file<br>2. Any microfilm, microfiche, and facsimile copy of a document \u2705<br>3. Any reproduction of image or images embodied in such microfilm \u2705<br>4. Any other material produced by a computer or any other device \u2705<br>Thus, all three statements are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 132,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements about an inquiry carried out by an Information Commission:\\n1. It may examine any record to which the RTI Act, 2005 applies.\\n2. No such record can be withheld from it (irrespective of any provision of any Act passed by the Parliament or the State legislature).\\n3. The Information Commission has the powers of a civil court trying a suit under the Code of Civil Procedure.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 18(3) \u2013 Inquiry Powers of the Commission<\/b><br>Section 18(3) of the RTI Act states that while inquiring into complaints, the Information Commission has the same powers as a civil court.<br>It can examine any record to which RTI applies, and no such record can be withheld from it, even if some other law prohibits disclosure.<br>Thus, all three statements are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 133,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:\\nThe RTI Act, 2005 stipulates that a Public Authority should transfer an RTI application or a part thereof to another Public Authority if the application or a part of it pertains to information:\\n1. Held by another Public Authority.\\n2. Which is more closely connected with the functions of another Public Authority.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 6(3) \u2013 Transfer of RTI Requests<\/b><br>Section 6(3) of the RTI Act states that if a Public Authority receives an RTI application that relates to another Public Authority's jurisdiction, it must transfer it within 5 days.<br>The authority must also inform the applicant about the transfer.<br>Thus, both statements are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 134,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. A Public Information Officer at the administrative unit level will receive applications under the RTI Act, 2005.\\n2. An Assistant Public Information Officer at the sub-district and sub-divisional levels will receive applications under the RTI Act, 2005.\\n3. Any officer of a public authority, who is available in the authority's office when the application is made, will receive applications under the RTI Act, 2005.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 5 \u2013 Public Information Officers:<\/b><br>Section 5(1) of the RTI Act: Every Public Authority must designate a Public Information Officer (PIO) to receive RTI applications. \u2705<br>Section 5(2): The Government may also appoint Assistant Public Information Officers (APIOs) at the sub-district and sub-divisional levels. \u2705<br>Statement 3 is incorrect: There is no provision for \\\"any officer in the office\\\" to receive applications. \u274c<br>Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 135,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:\\nAn applicant making a request for information under the RTI Act, 2005:\\n1. Shall give the reason why the information is sought.\\n2. Shall give his\/her personal details.\\n3. Shall not give any reason for requesting the information or any other personal details except those necessary for contacting him\/her.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 6(2) \u2013 No Need to Provide Reasons or Personal Details<\/b><br>Section 6(2) of the RTI Act:<br>\\\"An applicant making a request for information shall not be required to give any reason for requesting the information or any other personal details except those necessary for contacting him.\\\"<br>Thus, statement 3 is correct, and statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 136,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"The first Indian state to introduce the law on RTI was:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Tamil Nadu\",\r\n      \"Uttar Pradesh\",\r\n      \"Maharashtra\",\r\n      \"Gujarat\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"Tamil Nadu was the first state to pass an RTI law in 1997, long before the central RTI Act, 2005, was enacted.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 137,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"What is the time limit specified in the RTI Act, 2005 for the Central\/State Information Commissions to decide on complaints?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"15 days\",\r\n      \"One month\",\r\n      \"Two months\",\r\n      \"No such time limit has been specified\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 18 \u2013 Complaints to the Commission<\/b><br>The RTI Act does not specify any time limit for the Information Commission to decide on complaints.<br>Section 18 of the RTI Act provides the power to the Commission to inquire into complaints, but it does not impose a deadline for deciding them.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 138,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"How could a Public Information Officer receive applications?\\n1. Those submitted by an applicant by hand.\\n2. Those sent by an applicant by E-Mail.\\n3. Transferred by another Public Authority.\\n4. Forwarded by an Assistant Public Information Officer.\\n\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3, and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3, and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 6 \u2013 RTI Application Submission<\/b><br>As per Section 6(1) of the RTI Act, an RTI application can be submitted:<br>1. By hand (physically) \u2013 \u2705<br>2. By email or electronic means \u2013 \u2705 (As per the RTI Rules, applications can be submitted via email where online RTI is facilitated.)<br>3. Transferred by another Public Authority (Section 6(3)) \u2013 \u2705<br>4. Forwarded by an Assistant Public Information Officer (APIO) (Section 5(2)) \u2013 \u2705<br>Thus, all four options are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 139,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:\\nA first appeal against the decision of a Public Information Officer (PIO) can be preferred by:\\n1. An applicant.\\n2. A person from within the Public Authority.\\n3. A person outside the Public Authority to whom the information pertains.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 19(1) \u2013 First Appeal<\/b><br>Section 19(1) of the RTI Act:<br>\\\"Any person who, does not receive a decision within the prescribed time or is aggrieved by a decision of the PIO, may file an appeal.\\\"<br>Applicant (RTI requestor) can appeal \u2013 \u2705<br>A person within the Public Authority (if affected by PIO's decision) \u2013 \u2705<br>A person outside the Public Authority to whom the information pertains \u2013 \u274c (No provision allows this.)<br>Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 140,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:\\nA Public Information Officer will be liable to be imposed a monetary penalty for:\\n1. Refusal to receive an information application.\\n2. Not providing information within the specified time limits.\\n3. Destroying information.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 20 \u2013 Penalties on PIOs<\/b><br>Section 20(1) of the RTI Act states that a PIO can be penalized \u20b9250 per day up to \u20b925,000 for:<br>1. Refusing to receive an RTI application \u2013 \u2705<br>2. Not providing information within the prescribed time \u2013 \u2705<br>3. Destroying requested information \u2013 \u2705<br>Thus, all three statements are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 141,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:\\nWhile inquiring into a complaint, Information Commissions have the power to:\\n1. Summon and enforce attendance of persons.\\n2. Compel them to give evidence on oath and produce documents or things.\\n3. Require discovery and inspection of documents.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 18(3) \u2013 Inquiry Powers of the Commission<\/b><br>The Information Commission has powers of a civil court and can:<br>1. Summon and enforce attendance of persons \u2013 \u2705<br>2. Compel them to give evidence on oath and produce documents \u2013 \u2705<br>3. Require discovery and inspection of documents \u2013 \u2705<br>Thus, all three statements are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 142,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. A PIO has to offer reasonable assistance to the person making the request orally to record the same in writing.\\n2. A PIO is under no obligation to provide requested information to non-BPL category persons without the payment of application\/initial fees.\\n3. A PIO is under no obligation to provide requested information to non-BPL category persons without the payment of further fees as specified by her\/him.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Sections 5 & 7 \u2013 PIO's Responsibilities<\/b><br>1. PIO must assist applicants in writing down their request if they cannot do so (Section 5(3)) \u2013 \u2705<br>2. Non-BPL applicants must pay application\/initial fees (RTI Rules) \u2013 \u2705<br>3. Non-BPL applicants must also pay additional fees for information supply (Section 7(1)) \u2013 \u2705<br>Thus, all three statements are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 143,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Time limit for filing the first appeal by an applicant under Sub-section (1) of Section 19 of the RTI Act, 2005 is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"30 days from the receipt of PIO's decision\",\r\n      \"10 days from the receipt of PIO's decision\",\r\n      \"40 days from the receipt of PIO's decision\",\r\n      \"45 days from the receipt of PIO's decision\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 19(1) \u2013 Time Limit for First Appeal<\/b><br>An RTI applicant must file the first appeal within 30 days of receiving the PIO's response.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 144,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"How many schedules does the RTI Act, 2005 have?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1\",\r\n      \"2\",\r\n      \"8\",\r\n      \"10\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>THE FIRST SCHEDULE:<\/b> Form of oath or affirmation to be made by the Chief Information Commissioner\/the Information Commissioner\/the State Chief Information Commissioner\/the State Information Commissioner<br><b>THE SECOND SCHEDULE:<\/b> Intelligence and security organisation established by the Central Government.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 145,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:\\nThe Second Schedule of the RTI Act, 2005 lists\\n1. the intelligence and security organizations established by the Central Government that are exempted from the purview of the RTI Act, 2005.\\n2. all Government organizations come under the purview of the RTI Act, 2005.\\n3. all departmental information of the Central and State Governments.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Second Schedule \u2013 Exempted Organizations<\/b><br>The Second Schedule lists intelligence and security organizations exempt from RTI (Section 24) \u2013 \u2705<br>It does NOT list all Government organizations or general departmental information \u2013 \u274c<br>Thus, only statement 1 is correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 146,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 6: MISCELLANEOUS',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:\\nAccording to the RTI Act, 2005, as far as exempted organizations are concerned, the exemption applies to:\\n1. Certain organizations of the Central Government as listed in the Second Schedule and to the information submitted by these organizations to the Central Government.\\n2. Certain organizations of the State Governments as may be notified by them in the Official Gazette, but not to the information furnished by these organizations to the respective State Governments.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 24 \u2013 Exempted Organizations<\/b><br>Central Government agencies listed in the Second Schedule are exempt from RTI, including the information they submit to the government \u2013 \u2705<br>State Governments can also exempt agencies, but the exemption does NOT apply to information furnished to State Governments \u2013 \u2705<br>Thus, both statements are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 147,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:\\nWhile inquiring into a complaint, Information Commissions have the power:\\n1. to receive evidence on affidavit.\\n2. to requisition any public records or copies thereof from any court or office.\\n3. to issue summons for the examination of witnesses or documents.\\n\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Section 18(3) \u2013 Inquiry Powers of Information Commissions<\/b><br>While inquiring into a complaint, the Commission has powers to:<br>1. Receive evidence on affidavit \u2013 \u2705<br>2. Requisition public records from courts or offices \u2013 \u2705<br>3. Issue summons for examination of witnesses or documents \u2013 \u2705<br>Thus, all three statements are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 148,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 1: PRELIMINARY',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding RTI Act, 2005 : 'Right to Information' under the RTI Act, 2005 includes the right to :<br>1. Taking notes, extracts, or certified copies of documents or records.<br>2. Inspection of work, document, records.<br>3. Taking certified samples of material.<br>4. Obtaining information in any electronic mode.<br>Which of the above statements are correct ?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Correct Answer: D - 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/b><br><br><b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br>As per Section 2(j) of the RTI Act, 2005, 'right to information' means the right to information accessible under this Act which is held by or under the control of any public authority and includes the right to \u2014 (i) inspection of work, documents, records; (ii) taking notes, extracts or certified copies of documents or records; (iii) taking certified samples of material; (iv) obtaining information in the form of diskettes, floppies, tapes, video cassettes or in any other electronic mode or through printouts. All four listed items fall squarely within this statutory definition.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 149,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding an application for obtaining information :<br>1. An applicant has to make a request in writing or through electronic means in English or Hindi or in the official language of the area.<br>2. Where such request cannot be made in writing, the Central Public Information Officer or State Public Information Officer, as the case may be, shall render all reasonable assistance to the person making the request orally to reduce the same in writing.<br>3. Where an application is made to a public authority requesting for an information which is held by another public authority, the public authority to which such application is made, shall transfer the application or such part of it as may be appropriate to that other public authority and inform the applicant immediately about such transfer.<br>Which of the above statements are correct ?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Correct Answer: D - 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br><b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br>Section 6(1) allows a request in writing or through electronic means in English, Hindi, or the official language of the area, and its proviso requires the CPIO\/SPIO to render all reasonable assistance to reduce an oral request to writing where it cannot be made in writing. Section 6(3) requires transfer of the application (or relevant part) to the public authority holding the information, with immediate intimation to the applicant. All three statements accurately reflect the law.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 150,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one the following sections of the RTI Act, 2005 deals with third party information ?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 8\",\r\n      \"Section 10\",\r\n      \"Section 11\",\r\n      \"Section 12\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Correct Answer: C - Section 11<\/b><br><br><b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br>Section 11 of the RTI Act, 2005 titled 'Third party information' lays down the procedure to be followed where a CPIO\/SPIO intends to disclose information relating to or supplied by a third party which has been treated as confidential, including the requirement to give written notice to the third party and invite representation before deciding on disclosure.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 151,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding disposal of request for obtaining information under the RTI Act, 2005 :<br>1. The information sought shall be provided within fifteen days of the receipt of the request.<br>2. The information sought that concerns the life or liberty of a person shall be provided within forty-eight hours of the receipt of the request.<br>3. The information sought shall be provided on payment of such fee as may be prescribed or reject the request for reasons specified.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are not correct ?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Correct Answer: A - 1 only<\/b><br><br><b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br>Section 7(1) requires the CPIO\/SPIO to act 'as expeditiously as possible, and in any case within thirty days of the receipt of the request' \u2014 not fifteen days as stated in Statement 1, making it incorrect. The proviso to Section 7(1) correctly prescribes forty-eight hours where life or liberty is concerned (Statement 2), and Section 7(1) itself correctly provides for supply on payment of fee or rejection for specified reasons (Statement 3), so Statements 2 and 3 are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 152,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"If a request for obtaining information gets rejected, the Public Information Officer shall communicate to the person making the request :<br>1. The reason for such rejection.<br>2. The period within which an appeal against such rejection may be preferred.<br>3. The particulars of the appellate authority.<br>4. No such communication is required.<br>Which of the above statements is not correct ?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"4 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Correct Answer: D - 4 only<\/b><br><br><b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br>Section 7(8) mandates that where a request is rejected, the PIO shall communicate (i) the reasons for rejection, (ii) the period within which an appeal may be preferred, and (iii) the particulars of the appellate authority. Statements 1, 2 and 3 are therefore correct requirements of the Act. Statement 4, which claims no communication is required, directly contradicts Section 7(8) and is the incorrect statement.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 153,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 2: RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES',\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following Sections of the RTI Act, 2005, a Central Public Information Officer or a State Public Information Officer, as the case may be, may reject a request for information where such a request for providing access would involve an infringement of copyright subsisting in a person other than the State ?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 8\",\r\n      \"Section 9\",\r\n      \"Section 10\",\r\n      \"Section 11\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Correct Answer: B - Section 9<\/b><br><br><b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br>Section 9 of the RTI Act, 2005 (Grounds for rejection to access in certain cases) provides that a PIO 'may reject a request for information where such a request for providing access would involve an infringement of copyright subsisting in a person other than the State.' This is a distinct, standalone ground of rejection separate from the general exemptions listed in Section 8.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 154,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 3: CENTRAL INFORMATION COMMISSION',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following Sections of the RTI Act, 2005 has provisions regarding removal of Chief Information Commissioner or Information Commissioner ?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 13\",\r\n      \"Section 14\",\r\n      \"Section 15\",\r\n      \"Section 16\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Correct Answer: B - Section 14<\/b><br><br><b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br>Section 14 ('Removal of Chief Information Commissioner or Information Commissioner') lays down the grounds and procedure \u2014 including reference to the Supreme Court for proven misbehaviour or incapacity \u2014 for removing the Chief Information Commissioner or an Information Commissioner of the Central Information Commission. Section 13 deals with their term of office, not removal.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 155,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: THE STATE INFORMATION COMMISSION',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following Sections of the RTI Act, 2005 contains provisions regarding the constitution of State Information Commission ?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 14\",\r\n      \"Section 15\",\r\n      \"Section 16\",\r\n      \"Section 17\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Correct Answer: B - Section 15<\/b><br><br><b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br>Section 15 ('Constitution of State Information Commission') empowers the State Government, by notification in the Official Gazette, to constitute a body known as the State Information Commission consisting of a State Chief Information Commissioner and not more than ten State Information Commissioners.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 156,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: THE STATE INFORMATION COMMISSION',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the State Chief Information Commissioner :<br>1. The State Chief Information Commissioner shall hold office till he attains the age of 65 years.<br>2. The State Chief Information Commissioner may by writing under his hand addressed to the Governor, resign from his office.<br>3. The State Chief Information Commissioner shall be eligible for reappointment.<br>Which of the above statements are correct ?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Correct Answer: A - 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br><b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br>Section 16(3) provides that the State Chief Information Commissioner holds office for a term of five years, with the proviso that he shall not hold office beyond the age of sixty-five years, and the proviso also expressly states he 'shall not be eligible for reappointment.' Statement 3 is therefore incorrect. Statement 2 correctly reflects that resignation is tendered in writing under his hand addressed to the Governor.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 157,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the appellate authority for the decisions of Central Public Information Officer :<br>1. Any person, who does not receive decision within time specified, may appeal within thirty days from the receipt of such decision.<br>2. A second appeal against the decision shall lie within ninety days from the date of receipt of the decision.<br>3. An appeal against the decision of the Central Public Information Officer shall be preferred to an officer who is senior in rank to the Central Public Information Officer.<br>Which of the above statements are correct ?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Correct Answer: D - 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br><b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br>Section 19(1) provides that a person may prefer a first appeal within thirty days (from expiry of the specified period or receipt of the decision) to an officer senior in rank to the CPIO in that public authority. Section 19(3) provides that a second appeal shall lie within ninety days from the date the decision should have been made or was actually received, before the Central\/State Information Commission. All three statements are accurate.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 158,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding an appeal against the decisions of the Central Public Information Officer :<br>1. An appeal against the decisions of the Central Public Information Officer is preferred in the Supreme Court.<br>2. The first appeal against the decision of the Central Public Information Officer shall be made within thirty days from the date of the order.<br>3. The second appeal against the decision of the Central Public Information Officer shall lie within ninety days from the receipt of the decision.<br>Which of the above statement is\/are not correct ?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Correct Answer: A - 1 only<\/b><br><br><b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br>Under Section 19(1), the first appeal against a CPIO's decision lies to an officer senior in rank to the CPIO within the same public authority \u2014 not the Supreme Court \u2014 making Statement 1 incorrect. Statement 2 (30 days for first appeal, Section 19(1)) and Statement 3 (90 days for second appeal, Section 19(3)) are both correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 159,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following Sections of the RTI Act, 2005 has the provisions regarding appeal against the decisions of the Central Public Information Officer or the State Public Information Officer ?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 18\",\r\n      \"Section 19\",\r\n      \"Section 20\",\r\n      \"Section 21\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Correct Answer: B - Section 19<\/b><br><br><b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br>Section 19 ('Appeal') lays down the entire two-tier appellate mechanism against decisions of a CPIO\/SPIO \u2014 the first appeal to a senior officer within the public authority, and the second appeal to the Central\/State Information Commission.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 160,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following Sections of the RTI Act, 2005 deals with the provisions regarding penalties to the Central Public Information Officer on account of failing to provide information sought ?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 20\",\r\n      \"Section 19\",\r\n      \"Section 21\",\r\n      \"Section 18\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Correct Answer: A - Section 20<\/b><br><br><b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br>Section 20 ('Penalties') empowers the Information Commission to impose a penalty of Rs. 250 per day (subject to a maximum of Rs. 25,000) on a CPIO\/SPIO who, without reasonable cause, refused to receive an application, did not furnish information within the specified time, malafidely denied the request, or obstructed the furnishing of information.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 161,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Central Information Commission :<br>1. The Central Information Commission can require the public authority to publish certain information.<br>2. The Central Information Commission can require the public authority to compensate the complainant.<br>3. The Central Information Commission can reject the application.<br>Which of the above statements are correct ?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Correct Answer: A - 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br><b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br>Section 19(8)(a)(iii) empowers the Commission to require a public authority to take steps to secure compliance, including by publishing certain information or categories of information; Section 19(8)(b) empowers it to require the public authority to compensate the complainant for loss or detriment suffered. Section 19(8) does not confer a power on the Commission to 'reject the application' \u2014 that determination belongs to the CPIO\/SPIO under Section 7 \u2014 so Statement 3 is incorrect.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 162,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding powers of the Central Information Commission :<br>1. The Central Information Commission shall give notice of its decisions to the complainant and the public authority.<br>2. The Central Information Commission can direct the public authority to preserve the information for larger period than period provided under the rules and regulations of the public authority.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct ?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Correct Answer: A - 1 only<\/b><br><br><b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br>Section 19(9) requires the Central\/State Information Commission to give notice of its decision, including any right of appeal, to the complainant and the public authority, so Statement 1 is correct. The powers of the Commission enumerated under Section 19(8) do not include a power to direct a public authority to preserve records for a period longer than that fixed under its own record-retention rules and regulations, so Statement 2 does not correctly describe a power under the Act.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 163,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 5: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONS, APPEAL AND PENALTIES',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following acts causing the imposition of penalty by the Central Information Commission on the Central Public Information Officer (CPIO) :<br>1. If the CPIO fails to furnish information within specified time.<br>2. If the CPIO refuses with a reasonable cause to receive an application of information.<br>3. If the CPIO malafidely denies the request for information.<br>Which of the above acts is\/are not correct ?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Correct Answer: B - 2 only<\/b><br><br><b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br>Under Section 20(1), a penalty is imposed where a CPIO, 'without any reasonable cause,' refused to receive an application, failed to furnish information within the specified time, or malafidely denied the request. Statement 2 reverses this by describing a refusal made WITH a reasonable cause as a penalty-attracting act \u2014 but a refusal with reasonable cause does not attract penalty, making Statement 2 the incorrect one. Statements 1 and 3 correctly reflect penalty-attracting conduct under Section 20(1).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 164,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 6: MISCELLANEOUS',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the RTI Act, 2005 :<br>1. The RTI Act is applicable to all organizations including the intelligence and security organizations specified in the Second Schedule.<br>2. No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie against any person for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this Act or any rule made thereunder.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct ?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Correct Answer: B - 2 only<\/b><br><br><b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br>Section 24(1) expressly states that the Act does NOT apply to the intelligence and security organisations specified in the Second Schedule (subject to the proviso on corruption\/human-rights-violation information), so Statement 1 is incorrect. Section 21 correctly bars suits, prosecution or other legal proceedings against any person for anything done in good faith under the Act, making Statement 2 correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 165,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 6: MISCELLANEOUS',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the application of the RTI Act, 2005 :<br>1. The RTI Act, 2005 shall apply to the intelligence and security organizations established by the State Governments.<br>2. The information pertaining to the allegations of corruption and human rights violations shall not be excluded under the provisions of the RTI Act, 2005.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct ?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Correct Answer: B - 2 only<\/b><br><br><b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br>Section 24(4) allows the State Government to notify intelligence\/security organisations established by it, and such notified organisations are then EXCLUDED from the Act (not covered by it), so Statement 1 is incorrect. The proviso to Section 24 carves out an exception stating that information relating to allegations of corruption and human rights violations shall not be excluded, confirming Statement 2 as correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 166,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 6: MISCELLANEOUS',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following organizations regarding Forces falling under the intelligence and security organizations specified in the Second Schedule of the RTI Act, 2005 :<br>1. Border Security Force.<br>2. Central Reserve Police Force.<br>3. Assam Rifles.<br>Which of the above organizations are correct ?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Correct Answer: D - 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br><b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br>The Second Schedule to the RTI Act, 2005 (referable to Section 24) lists the intelligence and security organisations established by the Central Government that are excluded from the Act's application. Border Security Force, Central Reserve Police Force, and Assam Rifles are all named in this Second Schedule, along with other bodies such as the Intelligence Bureau, RAW, ITBP, CISF, NSG and the Special Frontier Force.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 167,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    chapter: 'CH 6: MISCELLANEOUS',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following provisions of the RTI Act, 2005 deals with the intelligence and security organizations established by the Central Government ?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 23 Schedule II\",\r\n      \"Section 24 Schedule II\",\r\n      \"Section 25 Schedule II\",\r\n      \"Section 26 Schedule II\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Correct Answer: B - Section 24 Schedule II<\/b><br><br><b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br>Section 24 ('Act not to apply to certain organisations'), read with the Second Schedule, excludes the intelligence and security organisations established by the Central Government (and, on notification, by State Governments) from the application of the RTI Act, 2005, subject to the proviso on corruption and human rights violation information.\"\r\n  }\r\n];\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ STATE\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nlet initDone = false;\r\nlet currentMode = 'all';\r\nlet currentFilter = null;\r\nlet filteredQuestions = [...allQuestions];\r\nlet currentQuestionIndex = 0;\r\nlet selectedOption = null;\r\nlet answerChecked = false;\r\nlet sessionStats = { attempted: 0, correct: 0, incorrect: 0 };\r\nlet sessionStartTs = Date.now();\r\nlet sessionAnswers = {};\r\nlet progress = { questionStats: {}, weakAreas: [], lastQuestionId: null, lastMode: 'all', lastFilter: null, attemptLog: [] };\r\n\r\nconst $id = (x) => document.getElementById(x);\r\nconst CHAPTERS = [...new Set(allQuestions.map(q => q.chapter))];\r\nconst YEARS = [...new Set(allQuestions.map(q => q.year))];\r\n\/\/ Case-insensitive helpers: work for \"Ch 1:\", \"CH 1:\", \"ch 1:\" alike.\r\nconst chShort = (c) => c.replace(\/^CH\\s*(\\d+):.*$\/i, 'CH $1').replace('ANNEXURE\/Appendices', 'Annexures').replace('Manual of Procurement', 'Manual of Proc.');\r\nconst chFull = (c) => { const m = c.match(\/^CH\\s*\\d+:\\s*(.+)$\/i); return m ? m[1] : c; };\r\n\/\/ One label, printed once (fixes the earlier \"name: name\" doubling).\r\nconst chLabel = (c) => \/^CH\\s*\\d+:\/i.test(c) ? (chShort(c) + ': ' + chFull(c)) : c;\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ PERSISTENCE (localStorage)\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction loadProgress() {\r\n    try {\r\n        const saved = localStorage.getItem('quiz_progress_' + quizConfig.quizId);\r\n        if (saved) {\r\n            const p = JSON.parse(saved);\r\n            progress = Object.assign(progress, p);\r\n            if (!progress.questionStats) progress.questionStats = {};\r\n            if (!Array.isArray(progress.weakAreas)) progress.weakAreas = [];\r\n            if (!Array.isArray(progress.attemptLog)) progress.attemptLog = [];\r\n        }\r\n    } catch (e) { console.warn('Progress load failed', e); }\r\n}\r\nfunction saveProgress() {\r\n    try {\r\n        if (progress.attemptLog.length > 500) progress.attemptLog = progress.attemptLog.slice(-500);\r\n        localStorage.setItem('quiz_progress_' + quizConfig.quizId, JSON.stringify(progress));\r\n    } catch (e) { console.warn('Progress save failed', e); }\r\n}\r\nfunction getQStat(qid) {\r\n    if (!progress.questionStats[qid]) progress.questionStats[qid] = { correct: 0, incorrect: 0, lastAttempt: null, lastCorrect: null };\r\n    return progress.questionStats[qid];\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ TOAST\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nlet toastTimer = null;\r\nfunction showToast(msg, type) {\r\n    const t = $id('warningToast');\r\n    $id('toastMessage').textContent = msg;\r\n    t.classList.toggle('success', type === 'success');\r\n    t.classList.add('show');\r\n    clearTimeout(toastTimer);\r\n    toastTimer = setTimeout(() => t.classList.remove('show'), 2600);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ TAB NAVIGATION\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction switchView(view) {\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('.gfr-portal .gp-tab').forEach(b => b.classList.toggle('active', b.dataset.view === view));\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('.gfr-portal .gp-view').forEach(v => v.classList.toggle('active', v.id === 'view-' + view));\r\n    if (view === 'analytics') renderAnalytics();\r\n    if (view === 'performance') renderAI();\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ MODE \/ FILTERS\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction setMode(mode, filter) {\r\n    currentMode = mode;\r\n    currentFilter = filter || null;\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('.gfr-portal .mode-tab').forEach(t => t.classList.toggle('active', t.dataset.mode === mode));\r\n    $id('yearFilterCard').style.display = (mode === 'year') ? '' : 'none';\r\n    $id('chapterFilterCard').style.display = (mode === 'chapter') ? '' : 'none';\r\n    $id('weakAreasCard').style.display = (mode === 'weak') ? '' : 'none';\r\n    applyFilters();\r\n    progress.lastMode = mode; progress.lastFilter = currentFilter; saveProgress();\r\n}\r\nfunction applyFilters() {\r\n    if (currentMode === 'all') filteredQuestions = [...allQuestions];\r\n    else if (currentMode === 'year') filteredQuestions = currentFilter ? allQuestions.filter(q => q.year === currentFilter) : [...allQuestions];\r\n    else if (currentMode === 'chapter') filteredQuestions = currentFilter ? allQuestions.filter(q => q.chapter === currentFilter) : [...allQuestions];\r\n    else if (currentMode === 'weak') {\r\n        filteredQuestions = allQuestions.filter(q => progress.weakAreas.includes(q.id));\r\n        if (!filteredQuestions.length) { showToast('No weak areas yet \u2014 great going!', 'success'); filteredQuestions = [...allQuestions]; setMode('all'); return; }\r\n    }\r\n    currentQuestionIndex = 0;\r\n    sessionStats = { attempted: 0, correct: 0, incorrect: 0 };\r\n    sessionStartTs = Date.now();\r\n    sessionAnswers = {};\r\n    renderFilters(); renderGrid(); loadQuestion(); updateStats();\r\n}\r\nfunction renderFilters() {\r\n    $id('yearList').innerHTML = YEARS.map(y => {\r\n        const n = allQuestions.filter(q => q.year === y).length;\r\n        return '<div class=\"filter-item' + (currentMode === 'year' && currentFilter === y ? ' active' : '') + '\" data-year=\"' + y + '\"><span class=\"filter-text\">' + y + '<\/span><span class=\"filter-count\">' + n + '<\/span><\/div>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n    $id('chapterList').innerHTML = CHAPTERS.map(c => {\r\n        const n = allQuestions.filter(q => q.chapter === c).length;\r\n        return '<div class=\"filter-item' + (currentMode === 'chapter' && currentFilter === c ? ' active' : '') + '\" data-chapter=\"' + encodeURIComponent(c) + '\" title=\"' + c + '\"><span class=\"filter-text\">' + chLabel(c) + '<\/span><span class=\"filter-count\">' + n + '<\/span><\/div>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n    renderWeakList();\r\n}\r\nfunction renderWeakList() {\r\n    const list = $id('weakQuestionList');\r\n    const weak = allQuestions.filter(q => progress.weakAreas.includes(q.id));\r\n    list.innerHTML = weak.length ? weak.map(q => {\r\n        const s = getQStat(q.id);\r\n        return '<div class=\"weak-question-item\" data-goto=\"' + q.id + '\"><span class=\"q-num\">Q' + q.id + '<\/span><span class=\"q-text\">' + q.question.replace(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/gi, ' ').substring(0, 60) + '\u2026<\/span><span class=\"wrong-count\">' + s.incorrect + '\u2717<\/span><\/div>';\r\n    }).join('') : '<p style=\"font-size:12.5px;color:var(--mut);text-align:center;padding:14px 4px;\">No weak areas. Keep practising!<\/p>';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ QUESTION RENDERING\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction loadQuestion() {\r\n    const q = filteredQuestions[currentQuestionIndex];\r\n    if (!q) {\r\n        $id('questionText').innerHTML = '<b>No questions loaded yet.<\/b> Paste your MCQ objects into the <code>allQuestions<\/code> array in this file (format documented at the array) and reload.';\r\n        $id('optionsList').innerHTML = '';\r\n        $id('questionNumber').textContent = 'Question 0 of 0';\r\n        return;\r\n    }\r\n    selectedOption = null; answerChecked = false;\r\n    $id('questionNumber').textContent = 'Question ' + (currentQuestionIndex + 1) + ' of ' + filteredQuestions.length;\r\n    $id('currentQuestionYear').textContent = q.year;\r\n    $id('currentQuestionChapter').textContent = chLabel(q.chapter);\r\n    $id('weakBadge').style.display = progress.weakAreas.includes(q.id) ? '' : 'none';\r\n    $id('questionText').innerHTML = formatQuestion(q);\r\n    $id('explanationBox').classList.remove('show');\r\n    renderOptions(q);\r\n    renderMastery(q);\r\n    const prior = sessionAnswers[q.id];\r\n    if (prior !== undefined) revealAnswer(q, prior, true);\r\n    $id('prevBtn').disabled = currentQuestionIndex === 0;\r\n    $id('nextBtn').disabled = currentQuestionIndex === filteredQuestions.length - 1;\r\n    $id('checkBtn').disabled = prior !== undefined;\r\n    renderGrid();\r\n    progress.lastQuestionId = q.id; saveProgress();\r\n    if (initDone && window.innerWidth <= 900) {\r\n        const p = document.querySelector('.gfr-portal .question-panel');\r\n        if (p) p.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start' });\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\/\/ UPSC exam-paper formatting: numbered statements get their own spaced rows,\r\n\/\/ the \"Select the correct answer \/ Which of the above\" lead sits on its own line.\r\n\/\/ Splits on BOTH \"\\n\" and \"<br>\" so either style works in pasted data.\r\nfunction formatQuestion(q) {\r\n    const parts = q.question.split(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/i);\r\n    let html = '<span class=\"q-stem\"><b>Q' + q.id + '.<\/b> ' + (parts[0] || '') + '<\/span>';\r\n    for (let i = 1; i < parts.length; i++) {\r\n        const seg = parts[i].trim();\r\n        if (!seg) continue;\r\n        const m = seg.match(\/^(\\d+)\\.\\s*(.*)$\/s);\r\n        if (m) html += '<span class=\"q-stmt\"><span class=\"sn\">' + m[1] + '.<\/span><span>' + m[2] + '<\/span><\/span>';\r\n        else if (\/^(select the correct|which of the (above|following|statements)|choose the correct|consider the following)\/i.test(seg))\r\n            html += '<span class=\"q-lead\">' + seg + '<\/span>';\r\n        else html += '<span class=\"q-lead\" style=\"font-style:normal\">' + seg + '<\/span>';\r\n    }\r\n    return html;\r\n}\r\nfunction renderOptions(q) {\r\n    $id('optionsList').innerHTML = q.options.map((opt, i) =>\r\n        '<div class=\"option-item\" data-opt=\"' + i + '\"><span class=\"option-letter\">(' + String.fromCharCode(97 + i) + ')<\/span><span class=\"option-text\">' + opt + '<\/span><i class=\"option-icon\" style=\"margin-top:4px\"><\/i><\/div>'\r\n    ).join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction renderMastery(q) {\r\n    const s = getQStat(q.id);\r\n    const mi = $id('masteryIndicator');\r\n    if (s.correct + s.incorrect === 0) { mi.classList.remove('show'); return; }\r\n    mi.classList.add('show');\r\n    const stars = $id('masteryStars').querySelectorAll('i');\r\n    stars.forEach((st, i) => st.classList.toggle('filled', i < Math.min(s.correct, 5)));\r\n}\r\nfunction checkAnswer() {\r\n    if (answerChecked || selectedOption === null) { if (selectedOption === null) showToast('Select an option first'); return; }\r\n    const q = filteredQuestions[currentQuestionIndex];\r\n    const isCorrect = selectedOption === q.correct;\r\n    sessionAnswers[q.id] = selectedOption;\r\n    sessionStats.attempted++; isCorrect ? sessionStats.correct++ : sessionStats.incorrect++;\r\n    updateQuestionStats(q, isCorrect);\r\n    revealAnswer(q, selectedOption, false);\r\n    updateStats(); renderGrid(); renderWeakList(); updateHeader();\r\n}\r\nfunction revealAnswer(q, chosen, restoring) {\r\n    answerChecked = true;\r\n    const items = $id('optionsList').querySelectorAll('.option-item');\r\n    items.forEach((it, i) => {\r\n        it.classList.add('disabled');\r\n        if (i === q.correct) { it.classList.add('correct'); const oi=it.querySelector('.option-icon'); oi.textContent='\\u2713'; oi.style.fontStyle='normal'; }\r\n        else if (i === chosen) { it.classList.add('incorrect'); const oj=it.querySelector('.option-icon'); oj.textContent='\\u2717'; oj.style.fontStyle='normal'; }\r\n    });\r\n    $id('explanationText').innerHTML = q.explanation;\r\n    $id('explanationBox').classList.add('show');\r\n    $id('checkBtn').disabled = true;\r\n    renderMastery(q);\r\n    if (!restoring) showToast(chosen === q.correct ? 'Correct! Well done.' : 'Incorrect \u2014 read the explanation.', chosen === q.correct ? 'success' : '');\r\n}\r\nfunction updateQuestionStats(q, isCorrect) {\r\n    const s = getQStat(q.id);\r\n    isCorrect ? s.correct++ : s.incorrect++;\r\n    s.lastAttempt = Date.now(); s.lastCorrect = isCorrect;\r\n    progress.attemptLog.push({ qid: q.id, correct: isCorrect, ts: Date.now() });\r\n    const isWeak = progress.weakAreas.includes(q.id);\r\n    if (!isCorrect && s.incorrect >= quizConfig.weakThreshold && !isWeak) progress.weakAreas.push(q.id);\r\n    if (isCorrect && isWeak && s.correct >= quizConfig.masteryThreshold) progress.weakAreas = progress.weakAreas.filter(id => id !== q.id);\r\n    saveProgress();\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ GRID + STATS\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction renderGrid() {\r\n    $id('questionGrid').innerHTML = filteredQuestions.map((q, i) => {\r\n        let cls = 'unattempted';\r\n        const ans = sessionAnswers[q.id];\r\n        if (ans !== undefined) cls = (ans === q.correct) ? 'correct-answered' : 'incorrect-answered';\r\n        else { const s = progress.questionStats[q.id]; if (s && (s.correct + s.incorrect) > 0) cls = 'attempted'; }\r\n        if (i === currentQuestionIndex) cls = 'current';\r\n        const weak = progress.weakAreas.includes(q.id) ? ' weak-marked' : '';\r\n        return '<div class=\"grid-item ' + cls + weak + '\" data-idx=\"' + i + '\" title=\"Q' + q.id + '\">' + (i + 1) + '<\/div>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction masteredCount() { return allQuestions.filter(q => { const s = progress.questionStats[q.id]; return s && s.correct >= quizConfig.masteryThreshold; }).length; }\r\nfunction updateStats() {\r\n    $id('totalQuestions').textContent = filteredQuestions.length;\r\n    $id('attemptedCount').textContent = sessionStats.attempted;\r\n    $id('correctCount').textContent = sessionStats.correct;\r\n    $id('incorrectCount').textContent = sessionStats.incorrect;\r\n    const mastered = masteredCount();\r\n    const pct = allQuestions.length ? Math.round(mastered \/ allQuestions.length * 100) : 0;\r\n    $id('progressPercentage').textContent = pct + '%';\r\n    $id('progressRingFill').style.strokeDashoffset = 264 - (264 * pct \/ 100);\r\n    $id('totalCorrectProgress').textContent = Object.values(progress.questionStats).reduce((a, s) => a + s.correct, 0);\r\n    $id('totalWeakProgress').textContent = progress.weakAreas.length;\r\n    $id('allCount').textContent = allQuestions.length;\r\n    $id('weakModeCount').textContent = progress.weakAreas.length;\r\n}\r\nfunction updateHeader() {\r\n    $id('hdrTotalQ').textContent = allQuestions.length;\r\n    $id('hdrCycles').textContent = YEARS.length;\r\n    const pct = allQuestions.length ? Math.round(masteredCount() \/ allQuestions.length * 100) : 0;\r\n    $id('hdrMastered').textContent = pct + '%';\r\n    const w = progress.weakAreas.length;\r\n    $id('weakBadgeHeader').style.display = w ? '' : 'none';\r\n    $id('weakCountHeader').textContent = w;\r\n    const r = computeReadiness();\r\n    $id('hdrReadiness').textContent = r.attempted ? r.score + '%' : '\u2014';\r\n    $id('perfPill').style.display = w >= 5 ? '' : 'none';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ SUBMIT \/ RESULT \/ RESETS\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction submitExam() {\r\n    if (!sessionStats.attempted) { showToast('Attempt at least one question first'); return; }\r\n    const pct = Math.round(sessionStats.correct \/ sessionStats.attempted * 100);\r\n    $id('resultCorrect').textContent = sessionStats.correct;\r\n    $id('resultIncorrect').textContent = sessionStats.incorrect;\r\n    $id('resultScore').textContent = pct + '%';\r\n    $id('resultIcon').textContent = pct >= 80 ? '\ud83c\udfc6' : pct >= 60 ? '\ud83c\udf89' : pct >= 40 ? '\ud83d\udcd6' : '\ud83d\udcaa';\r\n    $id('resultTitle').textContent = pct >= 80 ? 'Outstanding!' : pct >= 60 ? 'Great Job!' : pct >= 40 ? 'Keep Practising!' : 'Needs Revision';\r\n    $id('resultMessage').textContent = 'You attempted ' + sessionStats.attempted + ' of ' + filteredQuestions.length + ' questions in this session.';\r\n    $id('practiceWeakBtn').style.display = progress.weakAreas.length ? '' : 'none';\r\n    $id('resultModal').classList.add('show');\r\n    if (quizConfig.useWordPressSync && typeof window.cssaddaSaveQuizResult === 'function') {\r\n        window.cssaddaSaveQuizResult({\r\n            quiz_id: quizConfig.quizId,\r\n            score: sessionStats.correct,\r\n            total_questions: sessionStats.attempted,\r\n            percentage: pct,\r\n            time_taken: Math.round((Date.now() - sessionStartTs) \/ 1000),\r\n            answers: sessionAnswers\r\n        });\r\n    }\r\n}\r\nfunction reviewAnswers() { $id('resultModal').classList.remove('show'); currentQuestionIndex = 0; loadQuestion(); }\r\nfunction retryQuiz() { $id('resultModal').classList.remove('show'); sessionStats = { attempted: 0, correct: 0, incorrect: 0 }; sessionAnswers = {}; currentQuestionIndex = 0; loadQuestion(); updateStats(); }\r\n\/\/ SESSION RESET (Practice tab): clears ONLY this session's answers\/score.\r\n\/\/ Lifetime performance (mastery, weak areas, attempt history) is preserved.\r\nfunction resetSession() {\r\n    if (!confirm('Reset this session? Only the current answers and session score are cleared \u2014 your lifetime performance and mastery are kept.')) return;\r\n    sessionStats = { attempted: 0, correct: 0, incorrect: 0 };\r\n    sessionAnswers = {};\r\n    sessionStartTs = Date.now();\r\n    currentQuestionIndex = 0;\r\n    loadQuestion(); updateStats(); renderGrid();\r\n    showToast('Session reset \u2014 performance data kept', 'success');\r\n}\r\n\/\/ PERFORMANCE RESET (My Performance tab): wipes lifetime data after confirm.\r\nfunction resetPerformance() {\r\n    if (!confirm('Permanently erase ALL lifetime performance for this quiz?\\n\\nThis clears mastery stars, weak areas, accuracy history and the readiness score. This cannot be undone.')) return;\r\n    progress = { questionStats: {}, weakAreas: [], lastQuestionId: null, lastMode: 'all', lastFilter: null, attemptLog: [] };\r\n    saveProgress();\r\n    sessionStats = { attempted: 0, correct: 0, incorrect: 0 };\r\n    sessionAnswers = {};\r\n    sessionStartTs = Date.now();\r\n    setMode('all');\r\n    updateHeader();\r\n    renderAI();\r\n    showToast('Lifetime performance erased', 'success');\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ TAB 2 \u2014 DYNAMIC EXAM ANALYTICS\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction chapterCounts() {\r\n    const map = {};\r\n    allQuestions.forEach(q => { map[q.chapter] = (map[q.chapter] || 0) + 1; });\r\n    return Object.entries(map).sort((a, b) => b[1] - a[1]);\r\n}\r\nlet analyticsRendered = false;\r\nfunction renderAnalytics() {\r\n    if (analyticsRendered) return; analyticsRendered = true;\r\n    const total = allQuestions.length;\r\n    if (!total) {\r\n        $id('rankedBars').innerHTML = '<div class=\"ai-empty\"><div class=\"big\">No questions loaded yet<\/div><p>Paste your MCQs into the <b>allQuestions<\/b> array and reload \u2014 the analytics build themselves from the data.<\/p><\/div>';\r\n        return;\r\n    }\r\n    const ranked = chapterCounts();\r\n    const max = ranked[0][1];\r\n    \/\/ FIXED: chapter name printed ONCE (was chShort + ': ' + chFull which doubled\r\n    \/\/ the name whenever the helpers couldn't parse the prefix). Wraps via CSS.\r\n    $id('rankedBars').innerHTML = ranked.map(([c, n], i) => {\r\n        const pct = (n \/ total * 100).toFixed(1);\r\n        const grad = n >= 15 ? 'linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold-l),var(--gold))' : 'linear-gradient(90deg,#93c5fd,var(--navy))';\r\n        return '<div class=\"bar-row\"><span class=\"bar-rank\">' + (i + 1) + '<\/span><span class=\"bar-name\" title=\"' + c + '\">' + chLabel(c) + '<\/span><div class=\"bar-track\"><div class=\"bar-fill\" style=\"width:' + (n \/ max * 100) + '%;background:' + grad + '\"><\/div><\/div><span class=\"bar-val\">' + n + '<span class=\"pct\">' + pct + '%<\/span><\/span><\/div>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Heatmap\r\n    const shade = (n) => n === 0 ? '#fff' : n === 1 ? '#fdf6e3' : n === 2 ? '#f6e7b8' : n <= 4 ? '#e9cf7f' : n <= 6 ? '#d8b23f' : '#c9992a';\r\n    const fg = (n) => n >= 5 ? '#fff' : 'inherit';\r\n    let thead = '<tr><th>Chapter<\/th>' + YEARS.map(y => '<th>' + y + '<\/th>').join('') + '<th>Total<\/th><\/tr>';\r\n    let tbody = chapterCounts().map(([c]) => {\r\n        const cells = YEARS.map(y => {\r\n            const n = allQuestions.filter(q => q.chapter === c && q.year === y).length;\r\n            return '<td style=\"background:' + shade(n) + ';color:' + fg(n) + ';font-weight:' + (n ? '600' : '400') + '\">' + (n || '\u00b7') + '<\/td>';\r\n        }).join('');\r\n        const tot = allQuestions.filter(q => q.chapter === c).length;\r\n        return '<tr><td class=\"rn\" title=\"' + c + '\">' + chLabel(c) + '<\/td>' + cells + '<td class=\"rt\">' + tot + '<\/td><\/tr>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n    let tfoot = '<tr><td>Total<\/td>' + YEARS.map(y => '<td>' + allQuestions.filter(q => q.year === y).length + '<\/td>').join('') + '<td>' + total + '<\/td><\/tr>';\r\n    $id('heatmapContainer').innerHTML = '<table class=\"matrix\"><thead>' + thead + '<\/thead><tbody>' + tbody + '<\/tbody><tfoot>' + tfoot + '<\/tfoot><\/table>';\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Cycle chart\r\n    const yMax = Math.max(...YEARS.map(y => allQuestions.filter(q => q.year === y).length));\r\n    $id('cycleChart').innerHTML = YEARS.map(y => {\r\n        const n = allQuestions.filter(q => q.year === y).length;\r\n        return '<div class=\"yb\"><div class=\"yb-bar\" style=\"height:' + Math.max(8, n \/ yMax * 100) + '%\"><span>' + n + '<\/span><\/div><div class=\"yb-lab\">' + y + '<\/div><\/div>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Takeaways (guarded for quizzes with fewer than 3 chapters)\r\n    const [c1, n1] = ranked[0];\r\n    const second = ranked[1], third = ranked[2];\r\n    const latest = YEARS[YEARS.length - 1];\r\n    const latestN = allQuestions.filter(q => q.year === latest).length;\r\n    let takeaways = '<div class=\"ins\"><h4><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udd25<\/span> Highest-Yield Chapter<\/h4><p><b>' + chLabel(c1) + '<\/b> alone contributes <b>' + n1 + ' questions (' + (n1 \/ total * 100).toFixed(1) + '%)<\/b> \u2014 master it first.<\/p><\/div>';\r\n    if (second && third) {\r\n        const top3pct = Math.round((n1 + second[1] + third[1]) \/ total * 100);\r\n        takeaways += '<div class=\"ins\"><h4><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\uddc2\ufe0f<\/span> Top-3 Concentration<\/h4><p><b>' + chShort(c1) + ', ' + chShort(second[0]) + ' &amp; ' + chShort(third[0]) + '<\/b> together cover <b>' + top3pct + '%<\/b> of all PYQs \u2014 prioritise these before anything else.<\/p><\/div>';\r\n    }\r\n    takeaways += \r\n        '<div class=\"ins\"><h4><span class=\"ic\">\ud83c\udfaf<\/span> Strategy<\/h4><p>Use <b>By Chapter<\/b> mode for high-weight chapters, then switch to <b>Weak Areas<\/b> mode until every question shows <b>' + quizConfig.masteryThreshold + '\u2605 mastery<\/b>.<\/p><\/div>';\r\n    $id('takeaways').innerHTML = takeaways;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ TAB 3 \u2014 AI COACH ENGINE (rule-based, client-side)\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction chapterStats() {\r\n    const total = allQuestions.length;\r\n    return chapterCounts().map(([c, n]) => {\r\n        const qs = allQuestions.filter(q => q.chapter === c);\r\n        let attempted = 0, correct = 0, incorrect = 0, scoreSum = 0;\r\n        qs.forEach(q => {\r\n            const s = progress.questionStats[q.id];\r\n            if (s && (s.correct + s.incorrect) > 0) { attempted++; correct += s.correct; incorrect += s.incorrect; }\r\n            scoreSum += s ? Math.min(s.correct \/ quizConfig.masteryThreshold, 1) : 0;\r\n        });\r\n        const acc = (correct + incorrect) ? correct \/ (correct + incorrect) : null;\r\n        const weight = n \/ total;\r\n        const coverage = attempted \/ n;\r\n        const mastery = scoreSum \/ n;\r\n        const priority = weight * (acc === null ? 0.85 : (1 - acc)) * (0.5 + 0.5 * (1 - coverage));\r\n        return { chapter: c, count: n, weight, attempted, coverage, acc, mastery, priority };\r\n    });\r\n}\r\nfunction computeReadiness() {\r\n    const stats = chapterStats();\r\n    const score = Math.round(stats.reduce((a, s) => a + s.weight * s.mastery, 0) * 100);\r\n    const attempted = Object.values(progress.questionStats).some(s => (s.correct + s.incorrect) > 0);\r\n    return { score, attempted, stats };\r\n}\r\nfunction renderAI() {\r\n    if (!allQuestions.length) {\r\n        $id('aiEmptyState').style.display = '';\r\n        $id('aiContent').style.display = 'none';\r\n        return;\r\n    }\r\n    const { score, attempted, stats } = computeReadiness();\r\n    $id('aiEmptyState').style.display = attempted ? 'none' : '';\r\n    $id('aiContent').style.display = attempted ? '' : 'none';\r\n    if (!attempted) return;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Readiness ring\r\n    $id('aiScore').textContent = score;\r\n    $id('aiRingFill').style.strokeDashoffset = 402 - (402 * score \/ 100);\r\n    const verdict = score >= 80 ? '<b>Exam-ready.<\/b> Maintain with the revision queue and weak-area drills.'\r\n        : score >= 60 ? '<b>Strong base.<\/b> Close the gaps in your top-weight chapters to cross 80.'\r\n        : score >= 35 ? '<b>Building up.<\/b> Focus on the priority chapters below \u2014 they move your score fastest.'\r\n        : '<b>Early stage.<\/b> Start with the highest-weight chapters; every mastered question compounds.';\r\n    $id('aiVerdict').innerHTML = verdict + '<br><span style=\"font-size:11.8px;opacity:.8\">Score = \u03a3 (chapter exam-weight \u00d7 your mastery), computed from ' + YEARS.length + ' cycles of PYQ data.<\/span>';\r\n\r\n    \/\/ KPIs\r\n    const totalAttempted = allQuestions.filter(q => { const s = progress.questionStats[q.id]; return s && (s.correct + s.incorrect) > 0; }).length;\r\n    const allC = Object.values(progress.questionStats).reduce((a, s) => a + s.correct, 0);\r\n    const allI = Object.values(progress.questionStats).reduce((a, s) => a + s.incorrect, 0);\r\n    const accAll = (allC + allI) ? Math.round(allC \/ (allC + allI) * 100) : 0;\r\n    const recent = progress.attemptLog.slice(-20);\r\n    const accRecent = recent.length ? Math.round(recent.filter(a => a.correct).length \/ recent.length * 100) : 0;\r\n    const trendArrow = recent.length >= 5 ? (accRecent > accAll ? ' <span style=\"color:var(--green)\">\\u2197<\/span>' : accRecent < accAll ? ' <span style=\"color:var(--red)\">\\u2198<\/span>' : '') : '';\r\n    $id('aiKpis').innerHTML =\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-kpi\"><div class=\"n\">' + totalAttempted + '\/' + allQuestions.length + '<\/div><div class=\"l\">Coverage<\/div><\/div>' +\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-kpi\"><div class=\"n ' + (accAll >= 70 ? 'g' : accAll >= 45 ? 'a' : 'r') + '\">' + accAll + '%<\/div><div class=\"l\">Lifetime Accuracy<\/div><\/div>' +\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-kpi\"><div class=\"n ' + (accRecent >= 70 ? 'g' : accRecent >= 45 ? 'a' : 'r') + '\">' + accRecent + '%' + trendArrow + '<\/div><div class=\"l\">Last 20 Attempts<\/div><\/div>' +\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-kpi\"><div class=\"n g\">' + masteredCount() + '<\/div><div class=\"l\">Mastered (' + quizConfig.masteryThreshold + '\u2605)<\/div><\/div>' +\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-kpi\"><div class=\"n r\">' + progress.weakAreas.length + '<\/div><div class=\"l\">Weak Questions<\/div><\/div>';\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Smart study plan\r\n    const byPriority = [...stats].sort((a, b) => b.priority - a.priority);\r\n    const recos = [];\r\n    byPriority.slice(0, 3).forEach(s => {\r\n        if (s.acc === null) recos.push({ ic: 'warm', icon: '\ud83e\udded', txt: '<b>' + chShort(s.chapter) + '<\/b> carries <b>' + Math.round(s.weight * 100) + '%<\/b> of the paper but you haven\\u2019t attempted it yet \u2014 begin here.', ch: s.chapter });\r\n        else if (s.acc < 0.6) recos.push({ ic: 'hot', icon: '\ud83d\udd25', txt: '<b>' + chShort(s.chapter) + '<\/b>: exam weight <b>' + Math.round(s.weight * 100) + '%<\/b>, your accuracy only <b>' + Math.round(s.acc * 100) + '%<\/b> \u2014 highest payoff zone right now.', ch: s.chapter });\r\n        else if (s.coverage < 0.6) recos.push({ ic: 'cool', icon: '\ud83d\udd0d', txt: '<b>' + chShort(s.chapter) + '<\/b>: accuracy is fine (' + Math.round(s.acc * 100) + '%) but you\\u2019ve only covered <b>' + Math.round(s.coverage * 100) + '%<\/b> of its PYQs \u2014 finish the set.', ch: s.chapter });\r\n    });\r\n    if (progress.weakAreas.length >= 3) recos.push({ ic: 'hot', icon: '\u26a0\ufe0f', txt: 'You have <b>' + progress.weakAreas.length + ' weak questions<\/b> flagged. One focused Weak-Areas session will clear the backlog.', weak: true });\r\n    const due = revisionDue();\r\n    if (due.length) recos.push({ ic: 'warm', icon: '\ud83d\udd01', txt: '<b>' + due.length + ' mastered questions<\/b> haven\\u2019t been touched in over ' + quizConfig.revisionGapDays + ' days \u2014 revise before they fade.' });\r\n    const best = [...stats].filter(s => s.acc !== null).sort((a, b) => b.acc - a.acc)[0];\r\n    if (best && best.acc >= 0.75) recos.push({ ic: 'good', icon: '\ud83c\udfc5', txt: 'Strongest area: <b>' + chShort(best.chapter) + '<\/b> at <b>' + Math.round(best.acc * 100) + '%<\/b> accuracy \u2014 bank these marks on exam day.' });\r\n    $id('aiRecoList').innerHTML = recos.map(r =>\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-reco\"><span class=\"ic ' + r.ic + '\">' + r.icon + '<\/span><p>' + r.txt + '<\/p>' +\r\n        (r.ch ? '<button class=\"go\" data-practice-ch=\"' + encodeURIComponent(r.ch) + '\">Practice \\u2192<\/button>' : r.weak ? '<button class=\"go\" data-practice-weak=\"1\">Start \\u2192<\/button>' : '') + '<\/div>'\r\n    ).join('');\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Performance table\r\n    $id('perfTableBody').innerHTML = byPriority.map(s => {\r\n        const accPct = s.acc === null ? null : Math.round(s.acc * 100);\r\n        const tag = s.acc === null ? '<span class=\"tag na\">Not started<\/span>'\r\n            : accPct < 45 ? '<span class=\"tag hot\">Critical<\/span>'\r\n            : accPct < 65 ? '<span class=\"tag warm\">Needs work<\/span>'\r\n            : accPct < 85 ? '<span class=\"tag ok\">On track<\/span>'\r\n            : '<span class=\"tag good\">Strong<\/span>';\r\n        const accBar = s.acc === null ? '\u2014' : '<div class=\"mini-track\"><div class=\"mini-fill\" style=\"width:' + accPct + '%;background:' + (accPct < 45 ? 'var(--red)' : accPct < 65 ? 'var(--amber)' : 'var(--green)') + '\"><\/div><\/div><span style=\"font-size:11.5px\">' + accPct + '%<\/span>';\r\n        return '<tr><td title=\"' + s.chapter + '\">' + chLabel(s.chapter) + '<\/td><td><b>' + Math.round(s.weight * 100) + '%<\/b> <span style=\"color:var(--faint);font-size:11.2px\">(' + s.count + ' Qs)<\/span><\/td><td>' + s.attempted + '\/' + s.count + '<\/td><td>' + accBar + '<\/td><td>' + tag + '<\/td><td><button class=\"mini-go\" data-practice-ch=\"' + encodeURIComponent(s.chapter) + '\">Practice<\/button><\/td><\/tr>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Revision queue\r\n    $id('revisionQueue').innerHTML = due.length ? due.slice(0, 8).map(({ q, days }) =>\r\n        '<div class=\"rev-item\" data-goto=\"' + q.id + '\"><span class=\"q-num\">Q' + q.id + '<\/span><span class=\"q-text\">' + q.question.replace(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/gi, ' ').substring(0, 55) + '\u2026<\/span><span class=\"days\">' + days + 'd ago<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    ).join('') : '<div class=\"ai-empty\" style=\"padding:18px\"><p style=\"font-size:13.3px\">Nothing due for revision. Mastered questions reappear here after ' + quizConfig.revisionGapDays + ' days.<\/p><\/div>';\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Mastery distribution\r\n    const buckets = [0, 0, 0, 0]; \/\/ untouched, learning, close, mastered\r\n    allQuestions.forEach(q => {\r\n        const s = progress.questionStats[q.id];\r\n        if (!s || (s.correct + s.incorrect) === 0) buckets[0]++;\r\n        else if (s.correct >= quizConfig.masteryThreshold) buckets[3]++;\r\n        else if (s.correct >= 2) buckets[2]++;\r\n        else buckets[1]++;\r\n    });\r\n    const labels = ['Untouched', 'Learning (0\u20131\u2605)', 'Almost there (2\u2605)', 'Mastered (' + quizConfig.masteryThreshold + '\u2605+)'];\r\n    const colors = ['#cbd5e1', 'var(--amber)', 'var(--navy-l)', 'var(--green)'];\r\n    $id('masteryDist').innerHTML = buckets.map((n, i) =>\r\n        '<div class=\"bar-row\" style=\"grid-template-columns:minmax(130px,1fr) 2fr auto\"><span class=\"bar-name\">' + labels[i] + '<\/span><div class=\"bar-track\"><div class=\"bar-fill\" style=\"width:' + (allQuestions.length ? n \/ allQuestions.length * 100 : 0) + '%;background:' + colors[i] + '\"><\/div><\/div><span class=\"bar-val\">' + n + '<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    ).join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction revisionDue() {\r\n    const now = Date.now(), gap = quizConfig.revisionGapDays * 86400000;\r\n    return allQuestions.map(q => {\r\n        const s = progress.questionStats[q.id];\r\n        if (s && s.correct >= quizConfig.masteryThreshold && s.lastAttempt && (now - s.lastAttempt) > gap)\r\n            return { q, days: Math.floor((now - s.lastAttempt) \/ 86400000) };\r\n        return null;\r\n    }).filter(Boolean).sort((a, b) => b.days - a.days);\r\n}\r\nfunction gotoQuestion(qid) {\r\n    switchView('practice');\r\n    let idx = filteredQuestions.findIndex(q => q.id === qid);\r\n    if (idx === -1) { setMode('all'); idx = filteredQuestions.findIndex(q => q.id === qid); }\r\n    if (idx !== -1) { currentQuestionIndex = idx; loadQuestion(); }\r\n}\r\nfunction practiceChapter(ch) {\r\n    switchView('practice');\r\n    setMode('chapter', ch);\r\n    showToast('Filtered to ' + chShort(ch), 'success');\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ EVENT DELEGATION (single listener)\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\ndocument.addEventListener('click', function (e) {\r\n    const w = e.target.closest('.gfr-portal');\r\n    if (!w) return;\r\n    const tab = e.target.closest('.gp-tab'); if (tab) { switchView(tab.dataset.view); return; }\r\n    const mode = e.target.closest('.mode-tab'); if (mode) { setMode(mode.dataset.mode); return; }\r\n    const yf = e.target.closest('.filter-item[data-year]'); if (yf) { setMode('year', currentFilter === yf.dataset.year ? null : yf.dataset.year); return; }\r\n    const cf = e.target.closest('.filter-item[data-chapter]'); if (cf) { const c = decodeURIComponent(cf.dataset.chapter); setMode('chapter', currentFilter === c ? null : c); return; }\r\n    const gi = e.target.closest('.grid-item'); if (gi) { currentQuestionIndex = parseInt(gi.dataset.idx, 10); loadQuestion(); return; }\r\n    const go = e.target.closest('[data-goto]'); if (go) { gotoQuestion(parseInt(go.dataset.goto, 10)); return; }\r\n    const pc = e.target.closest('[data-practice-ch]'); if (pc) { practiceChapter(decodeURIComponent(pc.dataset.practiceCh)); return; }\r\n    const pw = e.target.closest('[data-practice-weak]'); if (pw) { switchView('practice'); setMode('weak'); return; }\r\n    const opt = e.target.closest('.option-item'); if (opt && !answerChecked) {\r\n        $id('optionsList').querySelectorAll('.option-item').forEach(o => o.classList.remove('selected'));\r\n        opt.classList.add('selected'); selectedOption = parseInt(opt.dataset.opt, 10); return;\r\n    }\r\n    switch (e.target.closest('button') ? e.target.closest('button').id : '') {\r\n        case 'checkBtn': checkAnswer(); break;\r\n        case 'prevBtn': if (currentQuestionIndex > 0) { currentQuestionIndex--; loadQuestion(); } break;\r\n        case 'nextBtn': if (currentQuestionIndex < filteredQuestions.length - 1) { currentQuestionIndex++; loadQuestion(); } break;\r\n        case 'submitBtn': submitExam(); break;\r\n        case 'resetBtn': resetSession(); break;\r\n        case 'resetPerfBtn': resetPerformance(); break;\r\n        case 'reviewBtn': reviewAnswers(); break;\r\n        case 'retryBtn': retryQuiz(); break;\r\n        case 'practiceWeakBtn': $id('resultModal').classList.remove('show'); setMode('weak'); break;\r\n        case 'practiceWeakAreasBtn': setMode('weak'); break;\r\n        case 'resumeBtn': {\r\n            const qid = progress.lastQuestionId;\r\n            if (progress.lastMode) setMode(progress.lastMode, progress.lastFilter);\r\n            if (qid) gotoQuestion(qid);\r\n            $id('sessionInfo').style.display = 'none';\r\n            break;\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n});\r\n\r\n\/\/ Screenshot \/ copy deterrents (as in original)\r\ndocument.addEventListener('contextmenu', function (e) { if (e.target.closest('.gfr-portal')) { e.preventDefault(); showToast('Right-click is disabled to protect content'); } });\r\ndocument.addEventListener('keydown', function (e) {\r\n    if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && ['c', 's', 'p', 'u'].includes(e.key.toLowerCase()) && document.querySelector('.gfr-portal')) {\r\n        e.preventDefault(); showToast('Copying is disabled to protect content');\r\n    }\r\n    if (e.key === 'PrintScreen') showToast('Screenshots are discouraged \u2014 content is protected');\r\n});\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ INIT\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {\r\n    $id('topicName').textContent = quizConfig.topic;\r\n    $id('topicSubtitle').textContent = quizConfig.subtitle;\r\n    loadProgress();\r\n    renderFilters();\r\n    setMode(progress.lastMode || 'all', progress.lastFilter || null);\r\n    updateHeader();\r\n    if (progress.lastQuestionId) {\r\n        const q = allQuestions.find(x => x.id === progress.lastQuestionId);\r\n        if (q) { $id('sessionInfo').style.display = ''; $id('sessionText').textContent = 'Last session: Q' + q.id + ' (' + q.year + ')'; }\r\n    }\r\n    initDone = true;\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u26a0\ufe0f Message \ud83c\udf89 Great Job! 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