{"id":16080,"date":"2026-08-24T16:59:17","date_gmt":"2026-08-24T16:59:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/?page_id=16080"},"modified":"2026-08-25T10:07:34","modified_gmt":"2026-08-25T10:07:34","slug":"combined-pyq-chapterwise-mcqs-parliamentary-procedures","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/?page_id=16080","title":{"rendered":"Combined (PYQ +Chapterwise) MCQs &#8211; Parliamentary Procedures"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"16080\" class=\"elementor elementor-16080\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d57f7f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0d57f7f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7af22c elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"f7af22c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!--\r\n=====================================================================\r\nCSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com\r\nPYQ + CHAPTER-WISE AI TEST SERIES   \u2014   two banks on one page\r\n=====================================================================\r\n\r\nHOW THIS DIFFERS FROM THE PLAIN CHAPTER-WISE PAGE\r\n  Two banks sit side by side: previous year questions, and concept MCQs\r\n  written chapter by chapter. Both are drilled from the same screen and\r\n  scored separately, so you always know whether a chapter is weak on the\r\n  real paper or only on practice questions.\r\n\r\n  You do NOT rate chapters by hand here. Exam weight is COUNTED from the\r\n  PYQ bank: a chapter holding 79 of 168 previous year questions is 47% of\r\n  the paper, and the page says so and shows the count behind the figure.\r\n  Add a year of papers and every weight, priority and plan re-computes\r\n  on its own.\r\n\r\nSETTING UP A NEW SUBJECT \u2014 three edits, all at the top of the script\r\n  1. CFG.quizId   unique per page. Progress is stored under this key, so\r\n                  two subjects on the same site never mix. Change it.\r\n     CFG.topic    subject name for the header.\r\n     CFG.sourceUrl  page on your site carrying the full text; shown as a\r\n                  \"Read the source\" card. Blank switches it off.\r\n  2. pyqQuestions      every previous year question you have, each with\r\n                       its year. This bank decides the exam weights.\r\n  3. conceptQuestions  your chapter-wise practice bank.\r\n\r\n  Both use the usual schema:\r\n      { id, chapter, question, options[], correct, explanation }\r\n  PYQ entries take one extra field:  year: 2023\r\n  Chapter strings must be written the same way in both banks \u2014 matching\r\n  is loose (case, spacing and 'Ch \/ Chapter \/ CH-2' are all read alike),\r\n  but the chapter NUMBER has to agree.\r\n\r\nSTEM LAYOUT \u2014 nothing to mark up\r\n  Plain stems, numbered statement stems and List-I \/ List-II stems are\r\n  each laid out automatically, all inside the same sheet.\r\n\r\nRESETS\r\n  \"Reset session\"        clears only this sitting's answers.\r\n  \"Reset my performance\" wipes lifetime mastery, weak areas and flags.\r\n\r\n=====================================================================\r\n-->\r\n\r\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\r\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover\">\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\r\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Plus+Jakarta+Sans:wght@400;500;600;700;800&family=Newsreader:opsz,wght@6..72,400;6..72,500;6..72,600&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n.cdrill{\r\n  --blue-900:#12246E; --blue-800:#1B3FCB; --blue-700:#2757E8; --blue-100:#EAF0FF; --blue-50:#F5F8FF;\r\n  --gold:#E8A317; --gold-lt:#F5C55B; --gold-bg:#FFF7E4;\r\n  --ink:#0F172A; --slate:#5B6B85; --line:#DFE6F3; --paper:#FFFFFF; --wash:#F4F7FD;\r\n  --ok:#0B8457; --ok-bg:#E7F7F0; --bad:#D3313E; --bad-bg:#FDEDEE; --warn:#C2620E;\r\n  --r:14px; --shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(16,32,74,.06),0 8px 24px -12px rgba(16,32,74,.18);\r\n  \/* \u2193 paste the same value your other pages use for --serif *\/\r\n  --serif:'Newsreader',Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;\r\n  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16px;border:0;background:var(--paper);text-align:left;transition:background .13s;width:100%}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip:hover{background:var(--blue-50)}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip .no{font-size:11px;font-weight:800;color:var(--slate);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip .cn{font-size:12.6px;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:-.005em;\r\n  overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;text-transform:none}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip .cw{flex:none;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:800;background:var(--gold-bg);color:#8A6206;\r\n  border:1px solid #F2DFAE;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:99px;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip .cc{flex:none;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:800;min-width:28px;padding:3px 7px;border-radius:6px;\r\n  text-align:center;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip .cc.pyq{background:var(--blue-900);color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip .cc.con{background:var(--blue-100);color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill 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0}\r\n@media(max-width:760px){.cdrill .lists{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:22px}}\r\n.cdrill .lcol h5{margin:0 0 10px;padding:0 0 9px;border-bottom:1px solid #DCD3BE;font-size:12px;font-weight:800;color:var(--ink)}\r\n.cdrill .lcol ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:grid;gap:12px}\r\n.cdrill .lcol li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:28px 1fr;align-items:baseline;\r\n  font-family:var(--serif) !important;font-size:17.5px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6;color:#161b26}\r\n.cdrill .lcol li b{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:600;font-size:17.3px;color:#8A6206}\r\n\r\n\/* options as bordered cards, matching the other pages *\/\r\n.cdrill .opts{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:9px}\r\n.cdrill .opt{font-family:var(--serif) !important;padding:12px 16px;border:1.5px solid var(--line);\r\n  border-radius:12px;cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:12px;transition:all .25s;\r\n  background:#fff;text-align:left;width:100%;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}\r\n.cdrill .opt .txt{font-family:var(--serif) !important;font-size:18.5px !important;line-height:1.6;\r\n  color:#161b26;flex:1;min-width:0}\r\n.cdrill .opt:hover:not(:disabled){border-color:#5F86F0;background:#F6F9FF;transform:translateX(4px)}\r\n.cdrill .opt:disabled{cursor:default;opacity:1;transform:none}\r\n.cdrill .key{min-width:34px;font-family:var(--serif) !important;font-weight:600;font-size:17.3px !important;\r\n  color:#161b26;flex-shrink:0;line-height:1.6}\r\n.cdrill .opt.sel{border-color:var(--blue-700);background:#EFF5FF;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--blue-700)}\r\n.cdrill .opt.sel::after{content:\"Selected\";font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',sans-serif;font-weight:800;\r\n  font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-800);align-self:center;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .opt.right{border-color:var(--ok);background:#F0FDF6;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--ok)}\r\n.cdrill .opt.right .key{color:#086945}\r\n.cdrill .opt.wrong{border-color:var(--bad);background:#FEF4F4;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--bad)}\r\n.cdrill .opt.wrong .key{color:#A81F2B}\r\n.cdrill .mark{margin-left:auto;font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:10.5px;\r\n  letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;white-space:nowrap;align-self:center}\r\n.cdrill .mark.r{color:var(--ok)} .cdrill .mark.w{color:var(--bad)}\r\n@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.cdrill .opt:hover:not(:disabled){transform:none}}\r\n.cdrill .hint{margin:12px 0 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:600;color:#8A6206;background:var(--gold-bg);\r\n  border:1px solid #F2DFAE;border-radius:10px;padding:10px 14px}\r\n.cdrill .actions{display:flex;gap:9px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:18px;align-items:center}\r\n.cdrill .btn{padding:11px 20px;border-radius:11px;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .btn:hover{background:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .btn:disabled{opacity:.4;cursor:not-allowed}\r\n.cdrill .btn.ghost{background:var(--paper);border:1.5px solid var(--line);color:var(--ink)}\r\n.cdrill .btn.ghost:hover{border-color:var(--blue-700);color:var(--blue-800);background:var(--blue-50)}\r\n.cdrill .flagbtn{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;padding:11px 18px;border-radius:11px;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;\r\n  border:1.5px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);color:var(--slate);margin-left:auto;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .flagbtn:hover{border-color:var(--gold);color:#8A6206;background:var(--gold-bg)}\r\n.cdrill .flagbtn[aria-pressed=true]{border-color:var(--gold);background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold));color:#3A2A02}\r\n.cdrill .kbd{display:inline-block;font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,monospace;font-size:10.5px;padding:3px 6px;background:#fff;\r\n  border:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom-width:2px;border-radius:4px;font-weight:700}\r\n.cdrill .keys{margin-top:14px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px dashed var(--line);font-size:11.5px;color:var(--slate);\r\n  display:flex;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-weight:600}\r\n@media(max-width:700px){.cdrill .keys{display:none}}\r\n\r\n.cdrill .verdict{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;font-weight:800;font-size:14px;margin:20px 0 0}\r\n.cdrill .verdict.r{color:var(--ok)} .cdrill .verdict.w{color:var(--bad)}\r\n.cdrill .expl{margin-top:12px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--gold);border-radius:0 12px 12px 0;\r\n  background:#FCFDFF;padding:16px 18px;font-size:14.2px;line-height:1.68}\r\n.cdrill .expl .body{font-family:'Newsreader',Georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7}\r\n.cdrill .expl b{color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .expl-h{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800;margin-bottom:8px}\r\n\r\n  font-weight:600;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-800);transition:.14s}\r\n.cdrill .chip:hover:not(:disabled){background:var(--blue-700);border-color:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .ai-out{margin-top:12px;background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;padding:14px 16px;\r\n  font-size:14px;line-height:1.65}\r\n.cdrill .ai-out b{color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .offline{margin-top:12px;padding-top:10px;border-top:1px dashed #CBD8F6;font-size:11.5px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.5}\r\n.cdrill .dots span{display:inline-block;width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--blue-700);margin-right:4px;animation:cdb 1.1s infinite}\r\n.cdrill .dots span:nth-child(2){animation-delay:.16s} .cdrill .dots span:nth-child(3){animation-delay:.32s}\r\n@keyframes cdb{0%,80%{opacity:.25;transform:translateY(0)}40%{opacity:1;transform:translateY(-3px)}}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- rail ---------- *\/\r\n.cdrill .rail{display:grid;gap:16px;align-content:start}\r\n.cdrill .rail .card{padding:16px}\r\n.cdrill .rail h3{margin:0;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800}\r\n.cdrill .score{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:8px;margin:10px 0 4px}\r\n.cdrill .score b{font-size:32px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.03em}\r\n.cdrill .score i{font-style:normal;color:var(--slate);font-size:13px;font-weight:600}\r\n.cdrill .bar{height:7px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--wash);overflow:hidden;margin-top:10px}\r\n.cdrill .bar>i{display:block;height:100%;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--ok),#37B37E);border-radius:99px;transition:width .4s}\r\n.cdrill .mini{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--slate);margin-top:8px;font-weight:600}\r\n.cdrill .streak{display:flex;gap:4px;margin-top:12px}\r\n.cdrill .streak i{flex:1;height:26px;border-radius:5px;background:var(--wash);border:1px solid var(--line)}\r\n.cdrill .streak i.r{background:var(--ok-bg);border-color:#A9DEC6}\r\n.cdrill .streak i.w{background:var(--bad-bg);border-color:#F3C2C6}\r\n.cdrill .nav-head{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;padding:13px 16px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);flex-wrap:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .nav-head b{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800}\r\n.cdrill .navtoggle{flex:none;white-space:nowrap;min-width:56px;text-align:center;\r\n  font-size:12px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-800);padding:5px 12px;border-radius:7px;\r\n  border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);letter-spacing:.02em;transition:.14s}\r\n.cdrill .nav-head b{min-width:0;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .navtoggle:hover{border-color:var(--blue-700);background:var(--blue-50)}\r\n.cdrill .navgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr));gap:6px;\r\n  padding:14px 16px 12px;max-height:238px;overflow-y:auto;overflow-x:hidden}\r\n.cdrill .navgrid::-webkit-scrollbar{width:6px}\r\n.cdrill .navgrid::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:#CBD5E1;border-radius:99px}\r\n.cdrill .navgrid::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background:transparent}\r\n.cdrill .nq{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;min-width:0;height:34px;padding:0;margin:0;\r\n  border-radius:8px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);\r\n  font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',system-ui,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:11.5px;line-height:1;\r\n  color:var(--slate);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:visible;\r\n  transition:background .12s,border-color .12s,color .12s;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;letter-spacing:-.02em}\r\n.cdrill .nq:hover{border-color:var(--blue-700);color:var(--blue-800);background:var(--blue-50)}\r\n@media(max-width:960px){.cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(10,minmax(0,1fr))}}\r\n@media(max-width:520px){.cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(7,minmax(0,1fr))}}\r\n.cdrill .nq.r{background:var(--ok-bg);border-color:#8FD3B6;color:#086945}\r\n.cdrill .nq.w{background:var(--bad-bg);border-color:#F0AEB4;color:#A81F2B}\r\n.cdrill .nq.cur{border-color:var(--blue-700);background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .nq .fl{position:absolute;top:-5px;right:-4px;font-size:9.5px;line-height:1;\r\n  filter:drop-shadow(0 0 2px #fff)}\r\n.cdrill .nq.mastered::after{content:\"\";position:absolute;bottom:3px;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);\r\n  width:4px;height:4px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--ok)}\r\n.cdrill .legend{display:flex;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:10.5px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600;\r\n  padding:10px 16px 14px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:4px}\r\n.cdrill .legend i{display:inline-block;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:3px;margin-right:5px;vertical-align:-1px}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- performance ---------- *\/\r\n.cdrill .perf{padding:24px 24px 32px;display:grid;gap:34px}\r\n.cdrill .ph{margin:0 0 10px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800}\r\n.cdrill .ph .secno{color:var(--gold);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:0}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- performance blocks ---------- *\/\r\n.cdrill .pblock{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:16px;background:var(--paper);overflow:hidden}\r\n.cdrill .pbh{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:16px;padding:20px 24px 18px;\r\n  background:linear-gradient(180deg,#FBFCFF,#F6F9FF);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}\r\n.cdrill .pbh .txt{flex:1;min-width:0}\r\n.cdrill .pbh h4{font-size:17px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.015em;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 7px;\r\n  display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px}\r\n.cdrill .pbh h4 .dot{width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--gold);flex:none}\r\n.cdrill .pbh p{font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.6;margin:0}\r\n.cdrill .pbh .pbtag{flex:none;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.07em;text-transform:uppercase;\r\n  color:var(--blue-800);background:var(--blue-100);border-radius:99px;padding:6px 13px;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .bars{padding:8px 24px 18px}\r\n.cdrill .subhead{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:18px 24px 2px;\r\n  border-top:1px solid #EEF2F9;margin-top:6px}\r\n.cdrill .subhead:first-of-type{border-top:0;margin-top:0}\r\n.cdrill .subhead h5{font-size:12.5px;font-weight:800;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:.01em;margin:0}\r\n.cdrill .subhead span{font-size:11.8px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600}\r\n.cdrill .hero2{display:grid;grid-template-columns:260px 1fr;gap:18px}\r\n@media(max-width:860px){.cdrill .hero2{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\r\n.cdrill .ring-card{background:linear-gradient(150deg,var(--blue-900),var(--blue-800) 70%,var(--blue-700));border-radius:var(--r);\r\n  padding:24px 20px;color:#fff;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\r\n.cdrill .ring{position:relative;width:150px;height:150px}\r\n.cdrill .ring svg{transform:rotate(-90deg)}\r\n.cdrill .ring .bg{fill:none;stroke:rgba(255,255,255,.14);stroke-width:11}\r\n.cdrill .ring .fg{fill:none;stroke:var(--gold-lt);stroke-width:11;stroke-linecap:round;transition:stroke-dashoffset 1s ease}\r\n.cdrill .ring-txt{position:absolute;inset:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\r\n.cdrill .ring-txt b{font-size:40px;font-weight:800;color:var(--gold-lt);letter-spacing:-.03em;line-height:1}\r\n.cdrill .ring-txt span{font-size:9.5px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#BFDBFE;margin-top:5px;font-weight:700}\r\n.cdrill .verdict2{margin-top:14px;font-size:13.4px;color:#DBEAFE;line-height:1.55}\r\n.cdrill .verdict2 b{color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .coach{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r);padding:18px 20px;background:var(--paper)}\r\n.cdrill .coach h4{font-size:14.5px;font-weight:800;margin-bottom:12px;display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center}\r\n.cdrill .reco{display:flex;gap:12px;padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line);align-items:flex-start}\r\n.cdrill .reco:last-child{border-bottom:0}\r\n.cdrill .reco .ic{width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:8px;display:grid;place-items:center;font-size:13px;flex:none;margin-top:1px}\r\n.cdrill .reco .ic.hot{background:var(--bad-bg);color:var(--bad)}\r\n.cdrill .reco .ic.warm{background:var(--gold-bg);color:#8A6206}\r\n.cdrill .reco .ic.cool{background:var(--blue-100);color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .reco .ic.good{background:var(--ok-bg);color:var(--ok)}\r\n.cdrill .reco p{font-size:13.8px;line-height:1.55}\r\n.cdrill .reco .go{margin-left:auto;flex:none;background:var(--blue-50);color:var(--blue-800);border:1px solid #D4E2FB;\r\n  border-radius:8px;padding:6px 12px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:800;white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .reco .go:hover{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .planner{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFFDF6,#FFF8E8);border:1px solid #EADFC2;border-left:4px solid var(--gold);\r\n  border-radius:0 var(--r) var(--r) 0;padding:18px 20px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n.cdrill .planner h4{font-size:17px;font-weight:800;margin-bottom:5px;letter-spacing:-.01em;\r\n  display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px}\r\n.cdrill .planner p{font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.55;max-width:62ch}\r\n.cdrill .pbtns{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n.cdrill .pbtn{padding:11px 18px;border:1.5px solid var(--gold);border-radius:11px;background:#fff;color:#8A6206;\r\n  font-weight:800;font-size:13.5px;display:flex;gap:7px;align-items:center;white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .pbtn:hover{background:var(--gold-bg)}\r\n.cdrill .pbtn.primary{background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold));color:#3A2A02;border-color:var(--gold)}\r\n.cdrill .pbtn.navy{background:var(--blue-900);border-color:var(--blue-900);color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .pbtn.navy:hover{background:var(--blue-800);border-color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .kpis{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(150px,1fr));gap:12px}\r\n.cdrill .kpi{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:15px;background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff,var(--blue-50))}\r\n.cdrill .kpi b{display:block;font-size:26px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.03em}\r\n.cdrill .kpi span{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.06em}\r\n.cdrill .tblwrap{overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;background:#fff}\r\n\/* nested two-tier header, PYQ and concept side by side *\/\r\n.cdrill table.nested{min-width:880px}\r\n.cdrill table.nested thead th{background:var(--blue-700);border-bottom:0;padding:11px 10px;\r\n  font-size:10.6px;letter-spacing:.06em;vertical-align:middle}\r\n.cdrill table.nested thead th.grp{background:var(--blue-900);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);\r\n  border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);font-size:11.4px;letter-spacing:.04em}\r\n.cdrill table.nested thead th.sub2{background:#2F62EA;font-size:10.2px;font-weight:600;padding:8px 10px}\r\n.cdrill table.nested thead th.lft{text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\r\n.cdrill table.nested td{padding:12px 10px;font-size:12.6px}\r\n.cdrill table.nested td.lft{text-align:left;padding-left:14px;font-weight:700;max-width:270px;\r\n  line-height:1.4;background:#FBFCFE;font-size:12.8px}\r\n.cdrill .wt{font-size:15px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-900)}\r\n.cdrill .wsub{font-size:10.6px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:700;margin-left:5px}\r\n.cdrill .nil{color:#B6C2D6;font-weight:700}\r\n.cdrill .minibar{height:6px;width:62px;margin:0 auto 4px;border-radius:99px;background:#EEF2F9;overflow:hidden}\r\n.cdrill .minibar>i{display:block;height:100%;border-radius:99px}\r\n.cdrill .miniv{font-size:11.4px;font-weight:800}\r\n.cdrill td.prac{white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill td.prac .mini-go+.mini-go{margin-left:5px}\r\n.cdrill .mini-go.pyq{color:#fff;background:var(--blue-900);border-color:var(--blue-900)}\r\n.cdrill .mini-go.pyq:hover{background:var(--blue-800);border-color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n\/* numbered section headings *\/\r\n.cdrill .pbh h4 .secno{font-size:15px;font-weight:800;color:var(--gold);letter-spacing:0;\r\n  font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;margin-right:2px}\r\n.cdrill .pbh .sechint{flex:none;font-family:'Newsreader',Georgia,serif;font-style:italic;font-size:12.8px;\r\n  color:var(--slate);white-space:nowrap;align-self:center}\r\n@media(max-width:760px){.cdrill .pbh .sechint{display:none}}\r\n.cdrill table.perf-t{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:13px;min-width:760px}\r\n.cdrill table.perf-t th,.cdrill table.perf-t td{padding:10px;border-bottom:1px solid #EEF2F9;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}\r\n.cdrill table.perf-t thead th{background:var(--blue-900);color:#fff;font-weight:700;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase}\r\n.cdrill table.perf-t th:first-child,.cdrill table.perf-t td:first-child{text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\r\n.cdrill table.perf-t td:first-child{font-weight:700;max-width:280px;line-height:1.35;background:#FBFCFE}\r\n.cdrill .sub{display:block;font-size:10.6px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600;margin-top:3px}\r\n.cdrill .tbar{height:6px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--wash);overflow:hidden;min-width:80px}\r\n.cdrill .tbar>i{display:block;height:100%;border-radius:99px}\r\n.cdrill .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10.4px;font-weight:800;padding:3px 9px;border-radius:99px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.04em}\r\n.cdrill .tag.hot{background:var(--bad-bg);color:var(--bad)}\r\n.cdrill .tag.warm{background:var(--gold-bg);color:#8A6206}\r\n.cdrill .tag.ok{background:var(--blue-100);color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .tag.good{background:var(--ok-bg);color:var(--ok)}\r\n.cdrill .tag.na{background:#F1F5F9;color:var(--slate)}\r\n.cdrill .mini-go{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;padding:5px 10px;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-800);transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .mini-go:hover{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff;border-color:var(--blue-700)}\r\n.cdrill .lrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(150px,1.2fr) 2.4fr 96px;gap:18px;align-items:center;\r\n  padding:12px 10px;border-radius:9px;transition:background .13s;margin:0 -10px}\r\n.cdrill .lrow:hover{background:#FAFCFF}\r\n.cdrill .lrow+.lrow{border-top:1px solid #F1F5FB}\r\n@media(max-width:620px){.cdrill .lrow{grid-template-columns:1fr auto;row-gap:6px}.cdrill .lrow .ltrack{grid-column:1\/-1}}\r\n.cdrill .lname{font-size:13.4px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.35}\r\n.cdrill .lsub{display:block;font-size:10.8px;font-weight:600;color:var(--slate);margin-top:4px}\r\n.cdrill .ltrack{background:#EEF2F9;border-radius:99px;height:11px;overflow:hidden;\r\n  box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(16,32,74,.05)}\r\n.cdrill .lfill{height:100%;border-radius:99px;transition:width .8s cubic-bezier(.22,.9,.28,1)}\r\n.cdrill .lval{text-align:right;font-size:16px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.02em}\r\n.cdrill .lval small{display:block;font-size:10px;font-weight:700;color:var(--slate);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.05em;margin-top:2px}\r\n.cdrill .split{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:16px}\r\n@media(max-width:860px){.cdrill .split{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\r\n.cdrill .panel{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:16px 18px}\r\n.cdrill .rev{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;width:100%;text-align:left;background:#FAFBFE;border-left:3px solid var(--gold);\r\n  border-radius:8px;padding:10px 12px;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:12.6px;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .rev:hover{background:var(--gold-bg);transform:translateX(3px)}\r\n.cdrill .rev .n{font-weight:800;color:#8A6206;flex:none}\r\n.cdrill .rev .t{flex:1;color:var(--slate);white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}\r\n.cdrill .rev .d{background:var(--gold);color:#3A2A02;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:99px;font-size:10.2px;font-weight:800;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .danger{border:1px dashed #F3C2C6;border-radius:12px;background:#FFFAFA;padding:16px 18px;\r\n  display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n.cdrill .danger p{font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);flex:1;min-width:220px;line-height:1.6}\r\n.cdrill .danger b{color:var(--bad)}\r\n.cdrill .dbtn{padding:11px 20px;background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #F3C2C6;border-radius:11px;color:var(--bad);\r\n  font-size:13px;font-weight:800;white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .dbtn:hover{background:var(--bad);border-color:var(--bad);color:#fff}\r\n\/* ---------- exam analytics ---------- *\/\r\n.cdrill .rankrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:26px minmax(120px,1.25fr) 2.2fr 42px 46px;gap:14px;\r\n  align-items:center;padding:9px 10px;margin:0 -10px;border-radius:9px;transition:background .13s}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow:hover{background:#FAFCFF}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow+.rankrow{border-top:1px dashed #EEF2F9}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rk{font-size:11.5px;font-weight:800;color:#B6C2D6;text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rname{font-size:12.4px;font-weight:600;color:var(--blue-800);line-height:1.35;\r\n  overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rname.gold{color:#8A6206;font-weight:800}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rtrack{height:15px;border-radius:5px;background:#EEF2F9;overflow:hidden}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rtrack>i{display:block;height:100%;border-radius:5px;transition:width .8s cubic-bezier(.22,.9,.28,1)}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rv{font-size:15px;font-weight:800;text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;letter-spacing:-.02em}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rp{font-size:11px;font-weight:700;color:var(--slate);text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n@media(max-width:700px){.cdrill .rankrow{grid-template-columns:22px minmax(0,1fr) 34px 42px}\r\n  .cdrill .rankrow .rtrack{grid-column:1\/-1;order:9}}\r\n\r\n.cdrill table.hm{min-width:760px;font-size:12px}\r\n.cdrill table.hm thead th{background:var(--blue-700);padding:9px 6px;font-size:10.4px}\r\n.cdrill table.hm thead th.lft{text-align:left;padding-left:14px;min-width:230px}\r\n.cdrill table.hm thead th.tot{background:var(--blue-900)}\r\n.cdrill table.hm td{padding:7px 6px;font-size:11.8px;border-bottom:1px solid #F1F5FB;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n.cdrill table.hm td.lft{text-align:left;padding-left:14px;font-weight:600;font-size:11.8px;line-height:1.35;\r\n  background:#FBFCFE;max-width:250px}\r\n.cdrill table.hm td.tot{font-weight:800;background:#F4F7FD;color:var(--blue-900)}\r\n.cdrill table.hm tfoot td{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff;font-weight:800;font-size:11.6px;padding:9px 6px;border:0}\r\n.cdrill table.hm tfoot td.lft{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff;text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\r\n.cdrill .hmlegend{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:12px 24px 16px;font-size:10.8px;\r\n  color:var(--slate);font-weight:700}\r\n.cdrill .hmlegend i{width:26px;height:11px;border-radius:3px;display:inline-block;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.05)}\r\n.cdrill .hmlegend span:last-child{margin-left:3px}\r\n\r\n.cdrill .cyc{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;gap:12px;padding:26px 24px 18px;overflow-x:auto}\r\n.cdrill .cycbar{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:7px;flex:1;min-width:52px}\r\n.cdrill .cycbar .cn{font-size:12.5px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-800);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n.cdrill .cycbar .cbar{width:100%;max-width:46px;border-radius:6px 6px 0 0;\r\n  background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold));transition:height .8s cubic-bezier(.22,.9,.28,1)}\r\n.cdrill .cycbar .cy{font-size:10.4px;font-weight:700;color:var(--slate);white-space:nowrap}\r\n\r\n.cdrill .empty{text-align:center;padding:40px 20px;color:var(--slate)}\r\n.cdrill .empty b{display:block;color:var(--ink);font-size:16px;margin-bottom:6px}\r\n.cdrill .toast{position:fixed;bottom:26px;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);background:var(--blue-900);color:#fff;\r\n  padding:12px 22px;border-radius:11px;font-weight:700;font-size:13.5px;z-index:9999;display:none;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}\r\n.cdrill .toast.show{display:block}\r\n.cdrill .toast.ok{background:var(--ok)}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- content protection ---------- *\/\r\n.cdrill{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;\r\n  -webkit-touch-callout:none;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}\r\n\/* inputs must stay usable, or the search box cannot be edited *\/\r\n.cdrill input,.cdrill textarea,.cdrill select{-webkit-user-select:text;user-select:text}\r\n.cdrill.allow-select{-webkit-user-select:text;user-select:text}\r\n.cdrill img,.cdrill svg{-webkit-user-drag:none;user-drag:none;pointer-events:none}\r\n.cdrill .navtoggle,.cdrill .tab,.cdrill button{-webkit-user-drag:none}\r\n\/* screen obscured while the window is not in front *\/\r\n.cdrill.veiled .qbody,.cdrill.veiled .perf,.cdrill.veiled .chaplist,.cdrill.veiled .yearlist{\r\n  filter:blur(9px);transition:filter .12s}\r\n.cdrill .veilmsg{position:absolute;inset:0;display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;\r\n  background:rgba(244,247,253,.72);z-index:40;font-weight:800;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--blue-900);\r\n  text-align:center;padding:20px;border-radius:var(--r)}\r\n.cdrill.veiled .veilmsg{display:flex}\r\n.cdrill{position:relative}\r\n\/* what a print or PDF export gets instead of the paper *\/\r\n.cdrill-printblock{display:none}\r\n@media print{\r\n  .cdrill{display:none!important}\r\n  .cdrill-printblock{display:block!important;padding:60px 40px;text-align:center;\r\n    font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',system-ui,sans-serif;color:#12246E}\r\n  .cdrill-printblock h2{font-size:20px;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 10px}\r\n  .cdrill-printblock p{font-size:13.5px;color:#5B6B85;line-height:1.7;max-width:60ch;margin:0 auto}\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- mobile ---------- *\/\r\n@media(max-width:640px){\r\n  .cdrill .wrap{padding:0 14px}\r\n\r\n  \/* hero: tighter, and the stat tiles share the row evenly *\/\r\n  .cdrill .hero{padding-top:18px}\r\n  .cdrill .hero h1{font-size:19px}\r\n  .cdrill .hero p{font-size:12.6px;margin-bottom:14px}\r\n  .cdrill .hstats{gap:7px}\r\n  .cdrill .hstat{flex:1 1 0;min-width:0;padding:8px 10px;text-align:center}\r\n  .cdrill .hstat b{font-size:17px}\r\n  .cdrill .hstat span{font-size:8.8px;letter-spacing:.06em}\r\n\r\n  \/* tabs scroll sideways instead of wrapping onto two lines *\/\r\n  .cdrill .tabs{margin-top:16px;gap:5px;flex-wrap:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;scrollbar-width:none;\r\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .cdrill .tabs::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}\r\n  .cdrill .tab{flex:none;padding:10px 15px;font-size:12.6px;gap:6px;white-space:nowrap}\r\n  .cdrill .tab[aria-selected=true]{padding-bottom:13px}\r\n\r\n  \/* THE FIX: pills were shrinking to fit instead of scrolling, which cut\r\n     every label in half. flex:none makes the row scroll as intended. *\/\r\n  .cdrill .filters .wrap{padding-top:11px;padding-bottom:11px;gap:8px;\r\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .cdrill .pill-f{flex:none;padding:8px 14px;font-size:12.6px;gap:6px}\r\n  .cdrill .pill-f .n{font-size:10.5px;padding:2px 7px}\r\n\r\n  \/* toolbar stacks *\/\r\n  .cdrill .grid{padding:14px 0 40px;gap:14px}\r\n  .cdrill .toolbar{gap:8px;padding-bottom:12px}\r\n  .cdrill .search{flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0}\r\n  .cdrill .tgl{flex:1;justify-content:center;padding:9px 12px;font-size:12.6px}\r\n\r\n  \/* question card *\/\r\n  .cdrill .qhead{padding:11px 14px;gap:8px}\r\n  .cdrill .qcount{font-size:15px;width:100%}\r\n  .cdrill .qmeta{gap:6px}\r\n  .cdrill .badge-ch{max-width:100%;font-size:11px;padding:5px 11px}\r\n  .cdrill .badge-m,.cdrill .badge-src,.cdrill .qtag{font-size:10.6px;padding:4px 10px}\r\n  .cdrill .qbody{padding:16px 14px 18px}\r\n  .cdrill .qsheet{padding:15px 15px 16px;border-radius:0 9px 9px 0}\r\n  .cdrill .stem,.cdrill .qsheet .lead,.cdrill .qsheet .intro,.cdrill .qsheet .close,\r\n  .cdrill .stmts li,.cdrill .opt .txt{font-size:16.6px !important;line-height:1.6}\r\n  .cdrill .lists{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}\r\n  .cdrill .opt{padding:11px 13px;gap:9px}\r\n  .cdrill .key{min-width:28px;font-size:16px !important}\r\n  .cdrill .opt.sel::after{display:none}\r\n  .cdrill .actions{gap:7px}\r\n  .cdrill .btn{flex:1;padding:11px 14px;font-size:13.4px;text-align:center}\r\n  .cdrill .flagbtn{margin-left:0;flex:1 1 100%;justify-content:center;padding:11px 14px}\r\n  .cdrill .expl{padding:14px 15px}\r\n  .cdrill .expl .body{font-size:15.4px}\r\n\r\n  \/* chapter list and navigator *\/\r\n  .cdrill .chaphead{padding:10px 14px;gap:8px}\r\n  .cdrill .chaphead .meta{margin-left:0;flex:1 1 100%;white-space:normal}\r\n  .cdrill .chapchip{padding:10px 14px;gap:7px}\r\n  .cdrill .chapchip .cn{font-size:12.2px}\r\n  .cdrill .yearlist{padding:14px;gap:8px}\r\n  .cdrill .ychip{flex:1 1 calc(33.333% - 6px);min-width:0;padding:10px 8px}\r\n  .cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(8,minmax(0,1fr));max-height:none}\r\n  .cdrill .rail .card{padding:14px}\r\n\r\n  \/* performance and analytics *\/\r\n  .cdrill .perf{padding:16px 14px 24px;gap:22px}\r\n  .cdrill .pbh{padding:16px 15px 14px;gap:10px}\r\n  .cdrill .pbh h4{font-size:15.4px}\r\n  .cdrill .pbh p{font-size:12.4px}\r\n  .cdrill .bars{padding:6px 15px 14px}\r\n  .cdrill .hero2{gap:14px}\r\n  .cdrill .ring-card{padding:20px 16px}\r\n  .cdrill .coach{padding:15px}\r\n  .cdrill .reco{gap:10px}\r\n  .cdrill .reco p{font-size:13px}\r\n  .cdrill .reco .go{margin-left:0;flex:1 1 100%;margin-top:6px}\r\n  .cdrill .planner{padding:15px;gap:12px}\r\n  .cdrill .pbtns{width:100%;gap:8px}\r\n  .cdrill .pbtn{flex:1 1 100%;justify-content:center;padding:12px 14px}\r\n  .cdrill .kpis{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:9px}\r\n  .cdrill .kpi{padding:12px}\r\n  .cdrill .kpi b{font-size:22px}\r\n  .cdrill .kpi span{font-size:10.4px}\r\n  .cdrill .panel{padding:14px}\r\n  .cdrill .danger{padding:14px}\r\n  .cdrill .dbtn{width:100%}\r\n  .cdrill .cyc{padding:20px 14px 14px;gap:8px}\r\n  .cdrill .cycbar{min-width:42px}\r\n  .cdrill .toast{left:14px;right:14px;transform:none;text-align:center;bottom:16px}\r\n}\r\n@media(max-width:380px){\r\n  .cdrill .hstat b{font-size:15.5px}\r\n  .cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr))}\r\n  .cdrill .ychip{flex:1 1 calc(50% - 5px)}\r\n  .cdrill .kpis{grid-template-columns:1fr}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"cdrill\" id=\"cdRoot\">\r\n\r\n  <header class=\"hero\">\r\n    <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n      <div class=\"eyebrow\" id=\"cdEyebrow\">CSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com<\/div>\r\n      <h1 id=\"cdTopic\">Chapter-wise Test Series<\/h1>\r\n      <p id=\"cdSub\">Chapter drills with a planner that builds your next sitting for you.<\/p>\r\n      <div class=\"hstats\">\r\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hQ\">0<\/b><span>Questions<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hCh\">0<\/b><span>Chapters<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hMastered\">0%<\/b><span>Mastered<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hReady\">\u2014<\/b><span>Readiness<\/span><\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"tabs\" role=\"tablist\">\r\n        <button class=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"quiz\">\u270f\ufe0f Practice<\/button>\r\n        <button class=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"perf\">\ud83d\udcca My Performance <span class=\"pill hide\" id=\"perfPill\">!<\/span><\/button>\r\n        <button class=\"tab hide\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"exam\" id=\"tabExam\">\ud83d\udcdc Exam Analytics<\/button>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/header>\r\n  <div class=\"goldrule\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"filters\" id=\"cdFilters\">\r\n    <div class=\"wrap\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Filter questions\">\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f\" data-f=\"all\" aria-pressed=\"true\">\ud83d\udccb All questions<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fAll\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f navy\" data-f=\"pyq\">\ud83d\udcdc PYQs only<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fPyq\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f\" data-f=\"concept\">\ud83e\udde0 Concept MCQs<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fCon\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f\" data-f=\"chapter\">\ud83d\udcda By chapter<\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f gold hide\" data-f=\"session\" id=\"pillSession\">\ud83e\udde9 <span id=\"sessLabel\">My session<\/span><span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fSess\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f warn\" data-f=\"weak\">\u26a0\ufe0f Weak areas<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fWeak\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f\" data-f=\"flagged\">\ud83d\udd16 Flagged<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fFlag\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n    <!-- ============ PRACTICE ============ -->\r\n    <div class=\"grid\" id=\"viewQuiz\">\r\n      <div>\r\n        <div class=\"toolbar\">\r\n          <div class=\"search\">\r\n            <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"M20 20l-3.5-3.5\"\/><\/svg>\r\n            <input id=\"cdSearch\" placeholder=\"Search a phrase or a rule number\" aria-label=\"Search questions\">\r\n          <\/div>\r\n          <button class=\"tgl\" id=\"tglUn\" aria-pressed=\"false\">\u25fb Unattempted only<\/button>\r\n          <button class=\"tgl\" id=\"tglReset\">\u21ba Reset session<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <section class=\"card chapcard hide\" id=\"chapPanel\">\r\n          <div class=\"chaphead\">\r\n            <b>\ud83d\udcda Filter by chapter<\/b><i id=\"chapHint\"><\/i>\r\n            <span class=\"bankseg\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Which bank\">\r\n              <button data-bank=\"all\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Both<\/button>\r\n              <button data-bank=\"pyq\" aria-pressed=\"false\">PYQs<\/button>\r\n              <button data-bank=\"concept\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Concept<\/button>\r\n            <\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"meta\" id=\"ctxMeta\"><\/span>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"chaplist\" id=\"chapList\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Choose chapter\"><\/div>\r\n        <\/section>\r\n\r\n        <section class=\"card hide\" id=\"emptyCard\">\r\n          <div class=\"qhead\"><span class=\"qcount\">Nothing to show<\/span><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"empty\" id=\"emptyBody\"><\/div>\r\n        <\/section>\r\n\r\n        <section class=\"card\" id=\"qCard\">\r\n          <div class=\"qhead\">\r\n            <span class=\"qcount\" id=\"qCount\">Question 1 of 1<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"qmeta\">\r\n              <span class=\"badge-src\" id=\"qSrc\">Concept<\/span>\r\n              <span class=\"badge-m\" id=\"qMastery\">Not seen yet<\/span>\r\n              <span class=\"badge-ch\"><span id=\"qChap\">Chapter<\/span><\/span>\r\n              <span id=\"qTags\" class=\"qtags\"><\/span>\r\n            <\/span>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"qbody\">\r\n            <p class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><\/p>\r\n            <div class=\"opts\" id=\"qOpts\"><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"actions\">\r\n              <button class=\"btn\" id=\"btnCheck\">Check answer<\/button>\r\n              <button class=\"btn ghost\" id=\"btnPrev\">\u2190 Previous<\/button>\r\n              <button class=\"btn ghost\" id=\"btnNext\">Next \u2192<\/button>\r\n              <button class=\"flagbtn\" id=\"btnFlag\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span id=\"flagIco\">\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f<\/span><span id=\"flagTxt\">Flag for review<\/span><\/button>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <p class=\"hint hide\" id=\"pickHint\">Choose an option above, then check your answer.<\/p>\r\n\r\n            <div id=\"result\" class=\"hide\">\r\n              <div class=\"verdict\" id=\"verdict\"><\/div>\r\n              <div class=\"expl\">\r\n                <div class=\"expl-h\">Source &amp; reasoning<\/div>\r\n                <div id=\"explBody\" class=\"body\"><\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/section>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <aside class=\"rail\">\r\n        <section class=\"card\" id=\"navCard\" style=\"padding:0\">\r\n          <div class=\"nav-head\"><b id=\"navTitle\">Navigator<\/b><button class=\"navtoggle\" id=\"navToggle\">Hide<\/button><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"navgrid\" id=\"navGrid\"><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"legend\">\r\n            <span><i style=\"background:var(--ok-bg);border:1.5px solid #8FD3B6\"><\/i>Correct<\/span>\r\n            <span><i style=\"background:var(--bad-bg);border:1.5px solid #F0AEB4\"><\/i>Wrong<\/span>\r\n            <span><i style=\"background:var(--ok)\"><\/i>Mastered<\/span>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/section>\r\n        <div class=\"card\">\r\n          <h3>This session<\/h3>\r\n          <div class=\"score\"><b id=\"sPct\">\u2014<\/b><i id=\"sFrac\">0 of 0 correct<\/i><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"bar\"><i id=\"sBar\" style=\"width:0\"><\/i><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"mini\"><span id=\"sSeen\">0 attempted<\/span><span id=\"sLeft\">0 left here<\/span><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"streak\" id=\"streak\"><\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"card\">\r\n          <h3 id=\"wHead\">Share on screen<\/h3>\r\n          <div class=\"score\"><b id=\"wPct\" style=\"color:#8A6206\">\u2014<\/b><i id=\"wUnit\">of this bank<\/i><\/div>\r\n          <p style=\"margin:8px 0 0;font-size:12.8px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.55\" id=\"wNote\"><\/p>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"card hide\" id=\"srcCard\">\r\n          <h3>Source text<\/h3>\r\n          <p style=\"margin:9px 0 12px;font-size:12.8px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.55\">Every explanation here is drawn from the full text of the subject. Open it when a citation needs checking.<\/p>\r\n          <a class=\"btn\" id=\"srcLink\" href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"display:block;text-align:center;text-decoration:none\">\ud83d\udcd6 Read the source<\/a>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/aside>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- ============ EXAM ANALYTICS ============ -->\r\n    <div class=\"hide\" id=\"viewExam\">\r\n      <section class=\"card\" style=\"margin:20px 0 60px\">\r\n        <div class=\"qhead\"><span class=\"qcount\">Exam Analytics<\/span><span class=\"badge-w\" id=\"examCount\">0 PYQs<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"perf\" id=\"examBody\"><\/div>\r\n      <\/section>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- ============ PERFORMANCE ============ -->\r\n    <div class=\"hide\" id=\"viewPerf\">\r\n      <section class=\"card\" style=\"margin:20px 0 60px\">\r\n        <div class=\"qhead\"><span class=\"qcount\">My Performance<\/span><span class=\"badge-w\" id=\"perfCount\">0 attempted<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"perf\" id=\"perfBody\"><\/div>\r\n      <\/section>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"veilmsg\" id=\"veilMsg\">Paused \u2014 bring this window back to the front to continue<\/div>\r\n  <div class=\"toast\" id=\"toast\"><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"cdrill-printblock\">\r\n  <h2>This test series is not available in print<\/h2>\r\n  <p>The questions, explanations and your progress are licensed for use on\r\n     PromotionExams.com and cannot be printed or saved as a PDF. Please\r\n     work through them on screen.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n\"use strict\";\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   1. CONFIGURATION  \u2190 EDIT PER SUBJECT\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst CFG = {\r\n  quizId : 'subject-pyq-chapterwise',  \/\/ unique per page \u2014 this is the progress key\r\n  topic  : 'Combined (PYQ + Chapterwise)- Parliamentary Procedures',             \/\/ e.g. 'Right to Information Act, 2005'\r\n  eyebrow: '',                         \/\/ e.g. 'UPSC SO \/ Steno LDCE \u00b7 Paper II'\r\n  sub    : 'Previous year questions and chapter drills, weighted by what the paper actually asks.',\r\n\r\n  \/* --- SOURCE PAGE --------------------------------------------------- *\/\r\n  sourceUrl   : '',                 \/\/ e.g. 'https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/your-source-page\/'\r\n  sourceLabel : 'full source text',\r\n\r\n  masteryThreshold : 3,     \/\/ clean correct answers before a question counts as mastered\r\n  weakThreshold    : 1,     \/\/ wrong attempts before a question is flagged weak\r\n\r\n  priorAccuracy : 0.30,     \/\/ expected-score model: shrink raw accuracy toward this\r\n  priorStrength : 6,\r\n  retention     : { baseDays:3, growth:2.5, riskBelow:0.70 },\r\n\r\n  highYield   : 15,         \/\/ a chapter with this many PYQs is called high-yield\r\n\r\n  sessionSize : 25,         \/\/ Focused set\r\n  mockSize    : 50,         \/\/ Mock paper\r\n  pyqSize     : 30          \/\/ PYQ paper\r\n};\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   2. THE TWO BANKS  \u2190 PASTE YOUR QUESTIONS HERE\r\n   Same schema in both:\r\n      { id, chapter, question, options[], correct, explanation }\r\n   PYQ entries take one extra field:  year: 2023\r\n   Exam weight is COUNTED from pyqQuestions \u2014 you do not set it by hand.\r\n   The samples below are only so the page renders. Delete them.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst pyqQuestions = [\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2009-11 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 1,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 9: Adjournment Motions',\r\n    question: \"Which one among the following statements regarding adjournment motion is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not more than one matter can be discussed on the same motion\",\r\n      \"The motion may be on any general matter\",\r\n      \"The motion may raise a question of privilege\",\r\n      \"The motion may anticipate a matter which has been previously appointed for consideration\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Not more than one matter can be discussed on the same motion<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 58 (Restrictions on right to move motion):<\/b> \"The right to move the adjournment of the House for the purpose of discussing a definite matter of urgent public importance shall be subject to the following restrictions, namely:\u2014<br>\r\n<i>(i) not more than one such motion shall be made at the same sitting;<\/i><br>\r\n<i>(ii) not more than one matter shall be discussed on the same motion;<\/i><br>\r\n<i>(iii) the motion shall be restricted to a specific matter of recent occurrence involving responsibility of the Government of India;<\/i><br>\r\n<i>(iv) the motion shall not raise a question of privilege;<\/i><br>\r\n<i>(v) the motion shall not revive discussion on a matter which has been discussed in the same session;<\/i><br>\r\n<i>(vi) the motion shall not anticipate a matter, which has been previously appointed for consideration...<\/i>\"<br><br>\r\nOption A restates clause (ii). Options B, C and D are each barred by clauses (iii), (iv) and (vi) respectively.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 2,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business',\r\n    question: \"Which of the statements given below is\/are correct?<br>1. A private member in Parliament may be from the ruling party also<br>2. Private members bills\/resolutions is discussed in the Parliament from 3.30 pm to 6.00 pm everyday during session period<br>3. Money bills cannot be initiated by a private member\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> <b>Rule 2 (Definitions):<\/b> <i>\"'private member' means a member other than a Minister\"<\/i> \u2014 so a member of the ruling party who is not a Minister is also a private member.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT.<\/b> <b>Rule 26:<\/b> <i>\"The last two and a half hours of a sitting on Friday shall be allotted for the transaction of private members' business...\"<\/i> \u2014 it is the last 2\u00bd hours of a Friday sitting, not 3:30-6:00 pm every day.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT.<\/b> A Money Bill needs the President's recommendation and can be introduced only on that recommendation (Article 117(1) \/ Article 110); a private member cannot initiate it.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 4,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure',\r\n    question: \"In which among the following situations division in the House is essential?<br>1. Passing of a money bill<br>2. Passing of any resolution of national importance<br>3. Amending the Constitution<br>4. Passing no confidence motion\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"3 and 4 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 3 and 4 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>3. Constitutional Amendment \u2014 division ESSENTIAL.<\/b> A special majority must be verified. <b>Rule 158(1):<\/b> <i>\"Voting shall be by division whenever a motion has to be carried by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>4. No-Confidence Motion \u2014 division ESSENTIAL<\/b> by convention, so the vote is recorded.<br><br>\r\n<b>1 & 2. NOT essential.<\/b> An ordinary decision is taken first by voice vote. <b>Rule 367(1)-(2):<\/b> <i>\"On the conclusion of a debate, the Speaker shall put the question and invite those who are in favour of the motion to say 'Aye' and those against the motion to say 'No'. The Speaker shall then say: 'I think the Ayes (or the Noes...) have it'. If the opinion of the Speaker as to the decision of a question is not challenged, the Speaker shall say twice: 'The Ayes (or the Noes...) have it' and the question before the House shall be determined accordingly.\"<\/i> Division follows only if the voices are challenged (Rule 367(3)).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 5,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: Questions',\r\n    question: \"Which one among the following statements about raising of questions by Member of Parliament in the House is not correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Only those questions which were listed for the day can be asked by the members of the House\",\r\n      \"Every member whose name appears in the list can ask two supplementary questions\",\r\n      \"Starred questions are printed in white paper and replies are always given in writing\",\r\n      \"Reply to the Unstarred questions are not discussed in the House\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nA starred question requires an <i>oral<\/i> answer (and is printed on green paper), not a written one. <b>Rule 36 (Starred questions):<\/b> <i>\"A member who desires an oral answer to one's question shall distinguish it by an asterisk. If the member does not distinguish it by an asterisk, the question shall be placed on the list of questions for written answer.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe other statements are correct:<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 46:<\/b> <i>\"Questions for oral answers shall be called ... in the order in which they stand on the list ...\"<\/i><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 50(1):<\/b> <i>\"The member in whose name a question is listed for oral answer or any other member, when called by the Speaker, may ask a supplementary question for the purpose of further elucidating any matter of fact regarding which an answer has been given.\"<\/i><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 39(1):<\/b> an unstarred (written-answer) question's answer <i>\"shall be deemed to have been laid on the Table at the end of the Question Hour\"<\/i> \u2014 there is no discussion on it.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 6,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure',\r\n    question: \"Which among the following actions may be initiated by the Speaker in the event of grave disorder occasioned by a member coming into the Well of the House or abusing the rules of the House persistently and wilfully obstructing the business by shouting slogans or otherwise?<br>1. Such member may be suspended from the House for five consecutive sittings or for the remainder of the session, whichever is less<br>2. The Speaker may adjourn or suspend the business of the House in case of grave disorder<br>3. The Speaker may direct the member to withdraw from the House<br>4. The Speaker may send the member to judicial custody\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>1. Automatic suspension \u2014 CORRECT. Rule 374A(1):<\/b> <i>\"Notwithstanding anything contained in rules 373 and 374, in the event of grave disorder occasioned by a member coming into the well of the House or abusing the Rules of the House persistently and wilfully obstructing its business by shouting slogans or otherwise, such member shall, on being named by the Speaker, stand automatically suspended from the service of the House for five consecutive sittings or the remainder of the session, whichever is less...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>2. Adjournment\/suspension of sitting \u2014 CORRECT. Rule 375:<\/b> <i>\"In the case of a grave disorder arising in the House, the Speaker, may if thinks it necessary to do so, adjourn the House or suspend any sitting for a time to be named by the Speaker.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>3. Direction to withdraw \u2014 CORRECT. Rule 373:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker, if is of the opinion that the conduct of any member is grossly disorderly, may direct such member to withdraw immediately from the House...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>4. Judicial custody \u2014 INCORRECT.<\/b> The Speaker has no such power; committing a person to judicial custody is a judicial function.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 7,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: Half-an-Hour Discussions',\r\n    question: \"Which one among the following statements regarding Half-an-hour discussions in Lok Sabha is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Speaker may allot half-an-hour every day during the session\",\r\n      \"A member wishing to raise a matter shall give notice to the Secretary General in writing\",\r\n      \"There shall be a formal motion before the House\",\r\n      \"Notice for Half-an-hour discussion can be given on any matter whether it is a subject of a recent occurrence or not\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Written notice to the Secretary-General.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(2):<\/b> <i>\"A member wishing to raise a matter shall give notice in writing to the Secretary-General three days in advance of the day on which the matter is desired to be raised, and shall shortly specify the point or points such member wishes to raise...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe others are wrong:<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 55(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may allot half an hour on three sittings in a week ...\"<\/i> \u2014 not every day.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 55(5):<\/b> <i>\"There shall be no formal motion before the House nor voting ...\"<\/i><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 55(1)<\/b> requires a matter <i>\"of sufficient public importance which has been the subject of a recent question ...\"<\/i> \u2014 not any matter.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 8,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements is\/are correct?<br>1. All communications from Ministers and all suggestions, memoranda and representations received from various quarters in respect of matters pending before a Parliamentary Committee are addressed to the Speaker<br>2. The Secretary General of Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha is empowered to fix the date and time of a sitting of a Parliamentary Committee if the Chairman of that Committee is not readily available\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT.<\/b> Communications on matters pending before a Committee are addressed to the Chairperson of that Committee, not to the Speaker.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 264:<\/b> <i>\"The sittings of a Committee shall be held on such days and at such hour as the Chairperson of the Committee may fix: Provided that if the Chairperson of the Committee is not readily available, the Secretary-General may fix the date and time of a sitting ...\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 9,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following is the order of precedence with respect to Private Members' Bills?<br>1. Bills which have been passed by Council of States and transmitted to Lok Sabha<br>2. Bills which have been passed by the Lok Sabha and returned by the Council of States with amendment<br>3. Bills returned by the President with a message under Article 111 of the Constitution<br>4. Bills in respect of which the motion is that leave be granted to introduce the Bill\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1-2-3-4\",\r\n      \"4-3-2-1\",\r\n      \"2-1-3-4\",\r\n      \"4-2-3-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 4-3-2-1<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 27(1):<\/b> <i>\"On a day allotted for the disposal of private members' Bills, such Bills shall have relative precedence in the following order, namely:\u2014<br>\r\n(a) Bills in respect of which the motion is that leave be granted to introduce the Bill;<br>\r\n(b) Bills returned by the President with a message under article 111 of the Constitution;<br>\r\n(c) Bills which have been passed by the House and returned by the Council with amendments;<br>\r\n(d) Bills which have been passed by the Council and transmitted to the House; ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo: Item 4 \u2192 (a); Item 3 \u2192 (b); Item 2 \u2192 (c); Item 1 \u2192 (d), giving the order <b>4-3-2-1<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 10,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: Sittings of the House',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements regarding Quorum during the sitting of Lok Sabha is not correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Quorum to constitute a sitting of the House is one-fifth of the total number of members of the House\",\r\n      \"The Speaker presumes that there is Quorum throughout the sitting until his attention is invited to the lack of Quorum\",\r\n      \"Objection to lack of Quorum once raised by a member cannot be withdrawn\",\r\n      \"Due to lack of Quorum the Speaker may adjourn the House\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe quorum is one-<b>tenth<\/b>, not one-fifth. <b>Article 100(3) of the Constitution:<\/b> <i>\"Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the quorum to constitute a meeting of either House of Parliament shall be one-tenth of the total number of members of the House.\"<\/i> (\u2248 55 members for the Lok Sabha, not 110.)<br><br>\r\nThe other statements reflect settled practice: the Speaker presumes quorum unless attention is drawn to its absence, the objection once raised is not withdrawn, and the Speaker may adjourn\/suspend the sitting for want of quorum.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 11,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements is\/are correct?<br>1. The Speaker holds office from the date of his election till immediately before the first meeting of Lok Sabha after the dissolution of the one to which he was elected<br>2. The Speaker cannot delegate his functions to the Deputy Speaker during his absence from the station or during his illness<br>3. The Speaker may resign his office by writing under his hand to the President\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Article 94(a):<\/b> the Speaker vacates office <i>\"immediately before the first meeting of the House of the People after the dissolution\"<\/i> \u2014 ensuring continuity.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> The Speaker does not \"delegate\"; the Deputy Speaker (or a Panel member) presides in the Speaker's absence and, while presiding, has the Speaker's powers. <b>Rule 10:<\/b> <i>\"The Deputy Speaker or any other member competent to preside over a sitting of the House under the Constitution or these rules shall, when so presiding, have the same powers as the Speaker when so presiding ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT. Article 94(b):<\/b> the Speaker resigns <i>\"by writing under his hand addressed to the Deputy Speaker\"<\/i> \u2014 not to the President.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 12,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 25: Secret Sitting of the House',\r\n    question: \"Which one among the following statements regarding secret sitting of Parliament is true?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"It is a constitutional provision\",\r\n      \"The provision for secret sitting is available only for Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"The secret sitting is fixed by the President of India\",\r\n      \"In the history of independent India no secret sitting was held in Lok Sabha\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) No secret sitting has been held in the Lok Sabha.<\/b><br><br>\r\nSince 1947 no secret sitting has been held in either House.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 248(1):<\/b> <i>\"On a request made by the Leader of the House, the Speaker shall fix a day or part thereof for sitting of the House in secret.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 249:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may cause a report of the proceedings of a secret sitting to be issued in such manner as the Speaker thinks fit, but no other person present shall keep a note or record of any proceedings or decisions of a secret sitting ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nHence B is wrong (available to both Houses) and C is wrong (fixed by the Speaker on the Leader of the House's request, not the President).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 13,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 20: Privileges',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following are the essential conditions which govern the right of a Member to raise a question of privilege in Parliament?<br>1. Not more than one question shall be raised at same sitting<br>2. The question shall be restricted to specific matter of recent occurrence<br>3. The matter requires the intervention of the House\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 224 (Admissibility of questions of privilege):<\/b> <i>\"The right to raise a question of privilege shall be governed by the following conditions, namely:\u2014<br>\r\n(i) not more than one question shall be raised at the same sitting;<br>\r\n(ii) the question shall be restricted to a specific matter of recent occurrence; and<br>\r\n(iii) the matter requires the intervention of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSupporting rules: <b>Rule 222:<\/b> <i>\"A member may, with the consent of the Speaker, raise a question involving a breach of privilege ...\"<\/i>; <b>Rule 223:<\/b> <i>\"A member wishing to raise a question of privilege shall give notice in writing to the Secretary-General by 10.00 hours on the day the question is proposed to be raised ...\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 14,\r\n    year: '2009-11',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: Summons to Members, Seating, Oath or Affirmation and Roll of Members',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. A member of Parliament becomes eligible for remuneration from the date of taking the oath\/affirmation<br>2. A member of Parliament can take part in the proceedings of the House only after taking the oath\/affirmation<br>3. A member of Parliament becomes eligible for parliamentary privileges from the date of taking the oath\/affirmation<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT.<\/b> Salary is payable from the date of election (Salary, Allowances and Pension of Members of Parliament Act, 1954), not from the date of oath.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Article 99:<\/b> <i>\"Every member of either House of Parliament shall, before taking his seat, make and subscribe before the President, or some person appointed in that behalf by him, an oath or affirmation ...\"<\/i>; and <b>Rule 5:<\/b> <i>\"A member who has not already made and subscribed an oath or affirmation, in pursuance of article 99 of the Constitution, may do so at the commencement of a sitting of the House, or at any other time of the sitting of the House, as the Speaker may direct ...\"<\/i> A member may take his seat and participate only after the oath.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT.<\/b> Privileges attach from the date of election (Article 105), not from oath.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2012-13 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 19,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 13: Resolutions',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements regarding resolutions in the Lok Sabha is\/are correct?<br>1. A private member who wishes to move a resolution on a day allotted for private members' resolution shall give notice at least three days before the date of ballot.<br>2. Notice of the resolution shall be clearly and precisely expressed.<br>3. A member cannot authorize any other member to move the resolution on his behalf.<br>4. A member may raise substantially any number of issues.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT. Rule 170:<\/b> <i>\"A member other than a Minister who wishes to move a resolution on a day allotted for private members' resolutions, shall give a notice to that effect at least two days before the date of ballot ...\"<\/i> \u2014 two days, not three.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 173:<\/b> <i>\"In order that a resolution may be admissible, it shall satisfy the following conditions, namely:\u2014 (i) it shall be clearly and precisely expressed; (ii) it shall raise substantially one definite issue; ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT. Rule 176(2):<\/b> <i>\"A member may, with the permission of the Speaker, authorise any other member, in whose name the same resolution stands lower in the list of business, to move it on her or his behalf ...\"<\/i> \u2014 a member CAN authorise another.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4: INCORRECT. Rule 173(ii):<\/b> a resolution <i>\"shall raise substantially one definite issue\"<\/i> \u2014 only one, not any number.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 20,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following items in the List of Business of the Lok Sabha and arrange them as per approved order:<br>1. Obituary reference of sitting\/ex MPs<br>2. Oath\/Affirmation by newly elected members<br>3. Introduction of new members in the Council of Ministers to the House<br>4. Question Hour\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1-2-3-4\",\r\n      \"2-3-1-4\",\r\n      \"2-1-3-4\",\r\n      \"4-1-2-3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2-3-1-4<\/b><br><br>\r\nApproved order of business: Oath\/Affirmation \u2192 Introduction of Ministers \u2192 Obituary references \u2192 Question Hour.<br><br>\r\n<b>1st: Oath\/Affirmation (Item 2). Rule 5:<\/b> <i>\"A member who has not already made and subscribed an oath or affirmation, in pursuance of article 99 of the Constitution, may do so at the commencement of a sitting of the House ...\"<\/i> \u2014 this precedes taking the seat and all other business.<br><br>\r\n<b>2nd: Introduction of Ministers (Item 3)<\/b> \u2014 by convention, immediately after oaths.<br><br>\r\n<b>3rd: Obituary references (Item 1)<\/b> \u2014 condolence references as a mark of respect.<br><br>\r\n<b>4th: Question Hour (Item 4). Rule 32:<\/b> <i>\"Unless the Speaker otherwise directs, the first hour of every sitting shall be available for the asking and answering of questions.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 21,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding 'zero hour' in the Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha:<br>1. This term does not find any mention in the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business or in the Constitution of India.<br>2. A number of members raise their matters of urgent public importance at 12:00 noon in the House which has been termed as zero hour.<br>3. Proceedings of zero hour are not recorded in the House.<br>4. A written reply is given to the member by the concerned Minister for the matter raised during zero hour.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2\",\r\n      \"3 and 4\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> \"Zero Hour\" is not defined in the Rules of Procedure or in the Constitution; it is an informal device evolved through practice. The nearest codified device for raising a matter is <b>Rule 377:<\/b> <i>\"A member who wishes to bring to the notice of the House a matter which is not a point of order, shall give notice in writing to the Secretary-General ... The member shall be permitted to raise it only after the Speaker has given the consent ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> It begins around 12:00 noon, after the Question Hour ends.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT.<\/b> Zero Hour proceedings ARE recorded in the official debates.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4: INCORRECT.<\/b> A Minister is under no obligation to reply; there is no formal reply mechanism (unlike Questions or Calling Attention).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 22,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: Half-an-Hour Discussions',\r\n    question: \"Which one among the following statements regarding Half-an-Hour Discussion in the Lok Sabha is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Speaker may allot half-an-hour on three sittings in a week for raising discussions on matter of sufficient public importance\",\r\n      \"Half-an-hour discussion is held everyday in the House followed by a statement by the concerned Minister\",\r\n      \"Half-an-hour discussion has to be completed by voting\",\r\n      \"Half-an-hour discussion is taken up at 2:00 PM in the House\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) The Speaker may allot half-an-hour on three sittings in a week.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may allot half an hour on three sittings in a week, for raising discussion on a matter of sufficient public importance which has been the subject of a recent question, oral or written, and the answer to which needs elucidation on a matter of fact.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(5):<\/b> <i>\"There shall be no formal motion before the House nor voting. The member who has given notice may make a short statement and the members who have previously intimated to the Speaker may ask a question for the purpose of further elucidating any matter of fact. Thereafter, the Minister shall reply shortly ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTherefore B (not every day), C (no voting) and D (no fixed 2:00 pm slot \u2014 it is taken at the end of the sitting) are wrong.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 23,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 9: Adjournment Motions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements on adjournment motion in the Lok Sabha:<br>1. If objection to leave being granted is taken, the Speaker shall ensure that not less than fifty members rise to support the motion for leave of the House being granted.<br>2. The motion that 'the House do now adjourn' shall be taken up at 16:00 hours or earlier if the Speaker so directs.<br>3. The Speaker shall prescribe the time limit for speeches.<br>4. If the motion is withdrawn after its discussion, the House shall adjourn immediately.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 60(2):<\/b> <i>\"If objection to leave being granted is taken, the Speaker shall request those members who are in favour of leave being granted to rise in their places, and if not less than fifty members rise accordingly, the Speaker shall intimate that leave is granted ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 61:<\/b> <i>\"The motion 'that the House do now adjourn' shall be taken up at 16.00 hours or at an earlier hour if the Speaker, after considering the state of business in the House, so directs.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT. Rule 63:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall prescribe a time limit for speeches.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4: INCORRECT.<\/b> A withdrawn adjournment motion does not cause the House to adjourn; the House adjourns only if the motion is carried.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 24,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 23: Leave of Absence from the Sittings of the House',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements on leave of absence from the sittings of the Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha:<br>1. A member who intends to take leave of absence from the sittings of the House has to give an application in this regard addressed to the Secretary General of the Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha.<br>2. In case of the Lok Sabha, all applications under Rule 242, shall stand referred to the Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT. Rule 242(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member desiring permission of the House to remain absent from the sittings thereof under clause (4) of article 101 of the Constitution shall make an application in writing to the Speaker.\"<\/i> \u2014 addressed to the Speaker, not the Secretary-General.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 243:<\/b> <i>\"All applications under rule 242 shall stand referred to the Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n(Also, <b>Rule 242(2)<\/b> proviso: <i>\"... leave of absence applied for at any one time shall not exceed a period of sixty days.\"<\/i>)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 27,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons',\r\n    question: \"What is meant by the term 'Panel of Chairmen' in the Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The members selected as Chairmen of various Parliamentary Committees\",\r\n      \"Members nominated by the Speaker\/Chairman to preside over the House, when required to do so\",\r\n      \"Chairmen of Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n      \"Selected few to send as heads of parliamentary delegations abroad\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Members nominated to preside over the House when required.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 9(1):<\/b> <i>\"At the commencement of the House or from time to time, as the case may be, the Speaker shall nominate from amongst the members a panel of not more than ten Chairpersons, anyone of whom may preside over the House in the absence of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker when so requested by the Speaker or, in the absence of the Speaker, by the Deputy Speaker.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 10:<\/b> a Panel member, when presiding, <i>\"shall ... have the same powers as the Speaker when so presiding ...\"<\/i> The Panel is for presiding over sittings \u2014 not for chairing Committees or leading delegations.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 28,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 16: Calling Attention',\r\n    question: \"What is meant by 'Calling Attention Notice' in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A notice given by a Member to call the attention of the Speaker to a matter of urgent public importance\",\r\n      \"A notice given by a Member to call the attention of the Minister concerned to a matter of urgent public importance\",\r\n      \"A notice given by a Member to call the attention of the Union Government on a matter of national importance\",\r\n      \"A notice given by a Member to call the attention of the Prime Minister on a matter in the Concurrent List\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) A notice to call the Minister's attention to a matter of urgent public importance.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 197(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member may, with the previous permission of the Speaker, call the attention of a Minister to any matter of urgent public importance and the Minister may make a brief statement or ask for time to make a statement at a later hour or date: Provided that no member shall give more than two such notices for any one sitting.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 197(2):<\/b> <i>\"There shall be no debate on such statement at the time it is made but each member in whose name the item stands in the list of business may, with the permission of the Speaker, ask a clarificatory question and the Minister shall reply at the end to all such questions: Provided that names of not more than five members shall be shown in the list of business.\"<\/i> The attention is that of the Minister, with the Speaker's prior permission \u2014 no debate, only clarificatory questions.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 29,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Rajya Sabha',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements on 'special mention' in the Rajya Sabha:<br>1. Unless the Chairman otherwise directs, no member shall make more than one special mention during a week.<br>2. The total number of special mentions to be admitted for a day shall not ordinarily exceed seven.<br>3. Unless the Chairman otherwise directs, no member shall make two special mentions per day.<br>4. The total number of special mentions to be admitted for a day shall not ordinarily exceed twenty.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\nSpecial Mention is now codified in the Rajya Sabha Rules (9th Edn) at Rules 180A-180E.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. RS Rule 180D(1):<\/b> <i>\"Unless the Chairman otherwise directs, no member shall make more than one Special Mention during a week.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. RS Rule 180D(2):<\/b> <i>\"Total number of Special Mentions to be admitted for a day shall not ordinarily exceed seven.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT.<\/b> The limit is one per week (not two per day).<br>\r\n<b>Statement 4: INCORRECT.<\/b> The daily ceiling is seven, not twenty.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 30,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 22: Resignation and Vacation of Seats in the House',\r\n    question: \"Under Article 101(3)(b) of the Constitution of India, an MP can resign his seat in the Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha. Which of the following statements are true about the resignation?<br>1. An MP has to resign by writing under his hand addressed to the Speaker\/Chairman.<br>2. No reason may be appended to such resignation.<br>3. The Speaker\/Chairman after making enquiry and satisfied that the resignation is voluntary and genuine shall accept the resignation.<br>4. A resignation cannot be withdrawn by the Member after it is accepted by the Speaker\/Chairman.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Article 101(3)(b):<\/b> a member may resign <i>\"by writing under his hand addressed to the Chairman or the Speaker, as the case may be.\"<\/i> <b>Rule 240(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member who desires to resign one's seat in the House shall intimate in writing under one's own hand addressed to the Speaker, such intention to resign the seat ... and shall not give any reason for the resignation ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> Same Rule 240(1) proviso: <i>\"Provided that where any member gives any reason or introduces any extraneous matter the Speaker may while exercising discretion omit such words, phrases or matter ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT.<\/b> Where the letter is received by post or through another person, the Speaker may make a summary enquiry and, if not satisfied that it is voluntary and genuine, shall not accept it (Rule 240(1B)).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4: CORRECT.<\/b> A member may withdraw the letter only before it is accepted (Rule 240(1C)); once accepted, it is final.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 31,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements on Parliamentary Committees:<br>1. The quorum of a Committee shall be five.<br>2. The report of a Committee may be either preliminary or final.<br>3. Provided that where the Rajya Sabha has not fixed any time for the presentation of the report, the report shall be presented within one month of the date on which reference to the Committee was made.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT. Rule 259(1):<\/b> <i>\"The quorum to constitute a sitting of a Committee shall be, as near as may be, one-third of the total number of members of the Committee.\"<\/i> \u2014 one-third, not a fixed five.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> A Committee may present a preliminary (interim) or a final report.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT.<\/b> Where no time has been fixed for presentation, the report is to be presented within one month of the date of reference.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 34,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"What is meant by the term 'Well of the House' in parliamentary parlance?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The place around the Table of the Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha Chamber\",\r\n      \"Members' Lobbies in the Parliament House\",\r\n      \"The Central Hall in the Parliament House\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) The place around the Table of the Chamber.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe \"Well of the House\" is the open space between the front benches and the Table of the House in the Chamber. Members are not to enter it; entering the Well is treated as grave disorder and can attract automatic suspension under <b>Rule 374A(1)<\/b>, which speaks of <i>\"a member coming into the well of the House ...\"<\/i> This is a term of parliamentary usage rather than a defined term in Rule 2.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 35,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 20: Privileges',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. A Member of the Parliament committing a criminal offence and taking asylum in the precincts of the Parliament House can be arrested with the permission of the Speaker.<br>2. A Member of the Parliament's arrest has to be communicated to the Speaker\/Chairman immediately.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 232:<\/b> <i>\"No arrest shall be made within the precincts of the House without obtaining the permission of the Speaker.\"<\/i> (and <b>Rule 233:<\/b> <i>\"A legal process, civil or criminal, shall not be served within the precincts of the House without obtaining the permission of Speaker.\"<\/i>) Privilege does not shield a criminal act, but arrest within the precincts needs the Speaker's permission.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 229:<\/b> <i>\"When a member is arrested on a criminal charge or for a criminal offence or is sentenced to imprisonment by a court or is detained under an executive order, the committing judge, magistrate or executive authority, as the case may be, shall immediately intimate such fact to the Speaker ...\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 36,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements relating to Business Advisory Committee of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. The Speaker acts as its Chairman.<br>2. The Deputy Speaker acts as its Chairman.<br>3. It allocates time for various Bills and determines priority of items to be discussed in the House.<br>4. Its Chairman is nominated by the Speaker.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 287:<\/b> <i>\"... the Speaker may nominate a Committee called the Business Advisory Committee consisting of not more than fifteen members including the Speaker who shall be the Chairperson of the Committee.\"<\/i> \u2014 the Speaker is ex-officio Chairperson.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT.<\/b> Not the Deputy Speaker.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT. Rule 288(1)-(2):<\/b> <i>\"It shall be the function of the Committee to recommend the time that should be allocated for the discussion of the stage or stages of such Government Bills and other business ... The Committee shall have the power to indicate in the proposed time-table the different hours at which the various stages of the Bill or other business shall be completed.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4: INCORRECT.<\/b> The Chairperson is the Speaker ex-officio; not separately nominated.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 37,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Which one among the following statements relating to Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House in the Lok Sabha is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Committee examines the case where a Member has been absent for a period of sixty days without permission\",\r\n      \"The Committee can recommend leave for less than seventy-five days\",\r\n      \"The Committee can grant leave on the verbal request of a Member\",\r\n      \"The Committee meeting is held in camera\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) It examines a case of 60 days' absence without permission.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 326(1):<\/b> <i>\"The functions of the Committee shall be:\u2014 (i) to consider all applications from members for leave of absence from the sittings of the House; and (ii) to examine every case where a member has been absent for a period of sixty days or more, without permission, from the sittings of the House and to report whether the absence should be condoned or circumstances of the case justify that the House should declare the seat of the member vacant.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis tracks <b>Article 101(4):<\/b> <i>\"If for a period of sixty days a member of either House of Parliament is without permission of the House absent from all meetings thereof, the House may declare his seat vacant ...\"<\/i> A written application (Rule 242(1)) is required, not a verbal request.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 39,\r\n    year: '2012-13',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding powers of the Speaker\/Chairman:<br>1. He can suspend a member if he willfully disrupts and impedes the proceedings of the House.<br>2. He can adjourn the sitting of the House.<br>3. He can summon and prorogue the House.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 374A(1):<\/b> <i>\"... in the event of grave disorder ... such member shall, on being named by the Speaker, stand automatically suspended from the service of the House for five consecutive sittings or the remainder of the session, whichever is less ...\"<\/i> (also Rule 374 for suspension on a motion).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 375:<\/b> <i>\"In the case of a grave disorder arising in the House, the Speaker, may if thinks it necessary to do so, adjourn the House or suspend any sitting ...\"<\/i> (and Rule 15 for ordinary adjournment).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT. Article 85(1):<\/b> <i>\"The President shall from time to time summon each House of Parliament ...\"<\/i> and <b>Article 85(2)(a):<\/b> <i>\"The President may from time to time prorogue the Houses ...\"<\/i> \u2014 summoning and prorogation are the President's functions, not the Speaker's.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2014 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 74,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements relating to the Committee on Absence of Members from the sittings of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. The Committee recommends to the House the period of leave to be granted to the Member.<br>2. The Committee grants leave to the Member.<br>3. This is a Standing Parliamentary Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 326(1):<\/b> <i>\"The functions of the Committee shall be:\u2014 (i) to consider all applications from members for leave of absence from the sittings of the House; and (ii) to examine every case where a member has been absent for a period of sixty days or more, without permission ... and to report whether the absence should be condoned ...\"<\/i>; and <b>Rule 327<\/b> takes the pleasure of the House where leave is recommended \u2014 the Committee only recommends.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT.<\/b> The Committee does not grant leave; the House does, on the Committee's recommendation.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT. Rule 325:<\/b> <i>\"The Committee on Absence of Members from the sittings of the House shall consist of fifteen members nominated by the Speaker and shall hold office for a term not exceeding one year.\"<\/i> \u2014 a Standing Committee.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 75,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"The term of office of members of the Committee on Public Accounts of the Parliament is for\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"five years\",\r\n      \"one year\",\r\n      \"two years\",\r\n      \"three years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) one year<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 309(2):<\/b> <i>\"The term of office of members of the Committee shall not exceed one year.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n(Constitution \u2014 <b>Rule 309(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Committee shall consist of not more than 22 members comprising 15 members who shall be elected by the House every year ... and not more than 7 members of Rajya Sabha to be nominated by that House ...\"<\/i>)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 77,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Public Accounts consists of\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"15 members from the Lok Sabha and 7 members from the Rajya Sabha\",\r\n      \"20 members from the Lok Sabha and 20 members from the Rajya Sabha\",\r\n      \"20 members from the Lok Sabha and 10 members from the Rajya Sabha\",\r\n      \"30 members from the Lok Sabha and 15 members from the Rajya Sabha\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 15 from the Lok Sabha and 7 from the Rajya Sabha.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 309(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Committee shall consist of not more than 22 members comprising 15 members who shall be elected by the House every year from amongst its members according to the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote and not more than 7 members of Rajya Sabha to be nominated by that House for being associated with the Committee ...\"<\/i> (15 elected by Lok Sabha + 7 nominated by Rajya Sabha = 22).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 78,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements about Departmentally Related Standing Committees of the Parliament is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"They are chaired by the Minister-in-Charge of the Department concerned\",\r\n      \"Some of these Committees are serviced by the Lok Sabha Secretariat, while others are serviced by the Rajya Sabha Secretariat\",\r\n      \"The term of the members of these Committees is coterminous with their term as a Member of the Parliament\",\r\n      \"The Demands for Grants of a Ministry\/Department must be examined by the related Committee before it is presented to the Parliament\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Some are serviced by the Lok Sabha Secretariat, others by the Rajya Sabha Secretariat.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 331J:<\/b> <i>\"Except for matters for which special provision is made ... the general rules applicable to other Parliamentary Committees in Rajya Sabha shall apply mutatis mutandis to the Standing Committees specified in Part-I of the Fifth Schedule and the general rules applicable to other Parliamentary Committees in Lok Sabha shall apply to Standing Committees as specified in Part-II of the Schedule.\"<\/i> (Part-I committees are chaired\/serviced on the Rajya Sabha side, Part-II on the Lok Sabha side.)<br><br>\r\nOthers wrong: <b>Rule 331D(2):<\/b> <i>\"A Minister shall not be nominated as a member of the Committee ...\"<\/i> (so not chaired by a Minister); <b>Rule 331D(4):<\/b> <i>\"The term of office of the members of the Committees shall not exceed one year.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 80,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"The Chairman of the Committee on Public Accounts is\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"appointed by the Speaker from amongst the members of the Lok Sabha elected to the Committee\",\r\n      \"appointed by the Vice President from amongst the members of the Rajya Sabha only appointed by the President\",\r\n      \"from amongst the members of either the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha\",\r\n      \"elected by the members of the Committee\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Appointed by the Speaker from amongst the Lok Sabha members elected to the Committee.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 258(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Chairperson of a Committee shall be appointed by the Speaker from amongst members of the Committee: Provided that the Deputy Speaker, in case is a member of the Committee, shall be appointed as Chairperson of the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nBy convention the PAC Chairperson is drawn from the Opposition, appointed by the Speaker from amongst the Lok Sabha members of the Committee.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 82,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements about Motion of Thanks to President's Address to the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha:<br>1. Notices of amendments to Motion of Thanks to President's Address can be tabled after the motion has been moved in the House.<br>2. Amendments may refer to matters which the Address has failed to mention.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT.<\/b> Notice of amendments must be given in advance, before the Motion is moved \u2014 not after.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 18:<\/b> <i>\"Amendments may be moved to such Motion of Thanks in such form as may be considered appropriate by the Speaker.\"<\/i> The wide form permitted allows amendments to point to matters the Address omitted. (<b>Rule 17:<\/b> <i>\"... the House shall be at liberty to discuss the matters referred to in such Address on a Motion of Thanks moved by a member and seconded by another member.\"<\/i>)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 83,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements about Private Members' Business in the Lok Sabha:<br>1. Every Member of the Parliament other than a Minister is called a Private Member and he can introduce Private Members' Bill.<br>2. The last two and half hours of a sitting of every Friday during session are generally allotted for transaction of Private Members' Business.<br>3. A Private Member cannot introduce Constitutional Amendment Bill.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 2:<\/b> <i>\"'private member' means a member other than a Minister\"<\/i> \u2014 any non-Minister MP may introduce a private member's Bill.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 26:<\/b> <i>\"The last two and a half hours of a sitting on Friday shall be allotted for the transaction of private members' business ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT.<\/b> A private member CAN introduce a Constitution Amendment Bill \u2014 <b>Rule 294(1)(a):<\/b> <i>\"to examine every Bill seeking to amend the Constitution notice of which has been given by a private member, before a motion for leave to introduce the Bill is included in the list of business\"<\/i> \u2014 which presumes private members may bring such Bills (subject to Committee examination).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 84,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Who is the Chairman of the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Speaker\",\r\n      \"The Deputy Speaker\",\r\n      \"A Member elected by the members of the Committee from amongst its members\",\r\n      \"A Member appointed by the Deputy Speaker\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) The Deputy Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 258(1)<\/b> proviso: <i>\"Provided that the Deputy Speaker, in case is a member of the Committee, shall be appointed as Chairperson of the Committee.\"<\/i> The Deputy Speaker is invariably nominated to this Committee (<b>Rule 293:<\/b> <i>\"There shall be a Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions consisting of not more than fifteen members ... nominated by the Speaker ...\"<\/i>) and therefore chairs it.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 85,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Public Accounts cannot call for evidence of\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Representatives of the Ministries\",\r\n      \"Ministers\",\r\n      \"NGOs\",\r\n      \"Experts\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Ministers.<\/b><br><br>\r\nBy a settled convention the Public Accounts Committee does not summon Ministers as witnesses (they are collectively responsible to the House); it examines officials\/Secretaries as departmental witnesses. The general power to take evidence exists \u2014 <b>Rule 302:<\/b> <i>\"A Select Committee may hear expert evidence and representatives of special interests affected by the measure before them.\"<\/i> \u2014 and applies to experts, interest-groups and departmental representatives, but not to calling Ministers before the PAC.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 86,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business',\r\n    question: \"The relative precedence of the Private Members' Bill in a particular category is determined by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Deputy Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Committee on Private Members' Bill\",\r\n      \"ballot\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) ballot.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 27(2):<\/b> <i>\"The relative precedence of Bills falling under the same clause of sub-rule (1) shall be determined by ballot to be held in accordance with the orders made by the Speaker and on such day and in such manner as the Speaker may direct ...\"<\/i> (with provisos for category A \/ category B Bills, whose relative precedence within each category is again determined by ballot).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 89,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements about the Committee on Estimates:<br>1. Members of the Committee are drawn from both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.<br>2. The maximum number of members of the Committee is 30.<br>3. The members are nominated by the Speaker and the Chairman.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 311(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Committee shall consist of not more than thirty members who shall be elected by the House every year from amongst its members according to the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT<\/b> \u2014 Estimates Committee has only Lok Sabha members.<br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT<\/b> \u2014 not more than 30.<br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT<\/b> \u2014 members are elected by the House, not nominated.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 90,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure',\r\n    question: \"In the event of grave disorder occasioned by a member coming to the well of the House or abusing the Rules of the House persistently and willfully obstructing its business, such member shall, on being named by the Speaker, stand automatically suspended from the service of the House for\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"ten consecutive sittings\",\r\n      \"the day\",\r\n      \"two weeks or the remainder of the session whichever is less\",\r\n      \"five consecutive sittings or the remainder of the session whichever is less\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) five consecutive sittings or the remainder of the session, whichever is less.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 374A(1):<\/b> <i>\"... such member shall, on being named by the Speaker, stand automatically suspended from the service of the House for five consecutive sittings or the remainder of the session, whichever is less ...\"<\/i>; <b>Rule 374A(2):<\/b> <i>\"On the Speaker announcing the suspension under this rule, the member shall forthwith withdraw from the precincts of the House.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 91,\r\n    year: '2014',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"The quorum required to constitute the sittings of a Parliamentary Committee is\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"one-half of the total membership\",\r\n      \"one-third of the total membership\",\r\n      \"one-fourth of the total membership\",\r\n      \"two-third of the total membership\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) one-third of the total membership.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 259(1):<\/b> <i>\"The quorum to constitute a sitting of a Committee shall be, as near as may be, one-third of the total number of members of the Committee.\"<\/i> (Rule 259(2): if there is no quorum, the Chairperson shall suspend the sitting until there is a quorum or adjourn it to a future day.)`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2015 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 94,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements with regard to Business Advisory Committee of Lok Sabha is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Minutes of the Committee are not laid on the Table of the House.\",\r\n      \"Minutes of the Committee are laid on the Table of the House.\",\r\n      \"The Deputy Speaker is the Chairman of the Committee.\",\r\n      \"The Committee undertakes study visits.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Minutes of the Committee are not laid on the Table of the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe BAC works by consensus; only its recommendations (report) are placed before the House, not its minutes. <b>Rule 289:<\/b> <i>\"The recommendations of the Committee shall be presented to the House in the form of a report.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOthers wrong: the <b>Speaker<\/b> chairs it \u2014 <b>Rule 287:<\/b> <i>\"... consisting of not more than fifteen members including the Speaker who shall be the Chairperson of the Committee.\"<\/i> The BAC allocates time for business; it does not undertake study visits.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 95,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. When the report of a Parliamentary Committee is to be presented to the House, an entry is made in the List of Business.<br>2. The Chairman presents the report of a Parliamentary Committee to the Speaker when Lok Sabha is in session.<br>3. The Chairman presents the report of a Parliamentary Committee to the House when Lok Sabha is in session.<br>4. The report of the Public Accounts Committee of Parliament is laid on the Tables of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"3 and 4 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 3 and 4<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> An entry is made in the List of Business on the day of presentation.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT<\/b> and <b>Statement 3: CORRECT. Rule 279(1):<\/b> <i>\"The report of a Committee shall be presented to the House by the Chairperson or in the absence of the Chairperson by any member of the Committee.\"<\/i> \u2014 presented to the House, not to the Speaker (when the House is in session).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4: CORRECT.<\/b> Since the PAC draws members from both Houses (Rule 309(1): 15 Lok Sabha + 7 Rajya Sabha), its report is laid on the Table of both Houses.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 96,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements with regard to the private members' business in Lok Sabha is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The last two and a half hours on every Friday is allotted to private members' business in Lok Sabha.\",\r\n      \"During private members' business, members can seek clarificatory statement from the ministers on questions raised during question hour.\",\r\n      \"The time for various private members' business is allotted by the Business Advisory Committee.\",\r\n      \"Private members' business is taken up everyday after 3:30 p.m. in Lok Sabha.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) The last two and a half hours on Friday.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 26:<\/b> <i>\"The last two and a half hours of a sitting on Friday shall be allotted for the transaction of private members' business ...\"<\/i> (with provisos allowing the Speaker to allot a different day, or another day if there is no Friday sitting).<br><br>\r\nOthers wrong: option B describes Half-an-Hour Discussion (Rule 55); the time for private members' Bills\/Resolutions is allocated by the <b>Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions<\/b> (Rule 294), not the BAC; and it is on Fridays, not every day after 3:30 pm.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 97,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure',\r\n    question: \"While according permission to treat a paper\/document as laid on the Table of Lok Sabha, the Speaker is not guided by which one of the following?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"That matter contained in the paper or document was in some way connected with business then before the Houses\",\r\n      \"That the document contained facts and was propagandist in nature\",\r\n      \"That the document was original and authentic\",\r\n      \"That the document contained nothing which was against the wider interest of the nation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) That the document contained facts and was propagandist in nature \u2014 NOT a guiding criterion.<\/b><br><br>\r\nWhen permitting a paper to be laid, the Speaker looks to whether it is connected with the business before the House, whether it is original and authentic, and whether it is against the wider national interest. A propagandist document would be refused \u2014 so \"propagandist in nature\" is not a criterion that guides the Speaker (it is a ground for rejection).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 382(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may authorise printing, publication, distribution or sale of any paper, document or report in connection with the business of the House or any paper, document or report laid on the table or presented to the House or a Committee thereof.\"<\/i> (See also Rules 368-370 on papers laid on the Table.)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 98,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 15: Short Duration Discussions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding short duration discussion in Lok Sabha:<br>1. Notice to raise a short duration discussion can be given in writing, addressed to the Prime Minister.<br>2. Notice to raise a short duration discussion is to be given in writing, addressed to the Secretary General.<br>3. Notices for raising short duration discussion can be laid on the Table of the House.<br>4. Notice for short duration discussion should be accompanied by an explanatory note.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4\",\r\n      \"2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 2 and 4 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 193:<\/b> <i>\"Any member desirous of raising discussion on a matter of urgent public importance may give notice in writing to the Secretary-General specifying clearly and precisely the matter to be raised: Provided that the notice shall be accompanied by an explanatory note stating reasons for raising discussion on the matter in question: Provided further that the notice shall be supported by the signatures of at least two other members.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo the notice is to the Secretary-General (Statement 2 \u2713) and must carry an explanatory note (Statement 4 \u2713). Statement 1 (Prime Minister) and Statement 3 (laid on the Table) are wrong.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 99,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\",\r\n    question: \"After the Motion of Thanks is adopted in Lok Sabha, it is conveyed to the President directly by the\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Speaker\",\r\n      \"Vice President\",\r\n      \"Prime Minister\",\r\n      \"Minister of Parliamentary Affairs\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\nBy parliamentary practice, once the Motion of Thanks on the President's Address (delivered under <b>Article 87(1)<\/b>) is adopted, the Speaker \u2014 as the constitutional head of the House \u2014 conveys the House's gratitude directly to the President. (Chapter V, Rules 16-18, governs the Address and the Motion of Thanks.)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 100,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 14: Motions',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements with regard to Motions in Lok Sabha is not correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Subsidiary Motions do not depend upon or relate to other motions or emerge from some proceedings in the House.\",\r\n      \"Subsidiary Motions are divided into Ancillary Motions, Superseding Motions and Amendments.\",\r\n      \"Ancillary Motions are motions which are recognized by the practice of the House as the regular way of proceedings with various kinds of business.\",\r\n      \"Superseding Motions are moved in the course of the debate on another question and seek to supersede that question.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nBy definition a Subsidiary Motion DOES depend upon, or relate to, another motion or emerge from a proceeding of the House; option A reverses this. Classification of motions (recognised by the practice of the House and Chapter XIV, Rules 184-192): <b>Substantive<\/b> (self-contained), <b>Substitute<\/b>, and <b>Subsidiary<\/b> motions \u2014 the last comprising Ancillary, Superseding and Amendment motions. Options B, C and D correctly describe these categories.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 101,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 14: Motions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements relating to Amendments in Lok Sabha:<br>1. An amendment is a Subsidiary Motion.<br>2. An amendment may relate to a clause of a bill, resolution or motion.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> An amendment is a Subsidiary Motion \u2014 it cannot stand on its own and attaches to the original proposition.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> Amendments may be moved to clauses\/schedules of a Bill (<b>Rule 79<\/b>), to resolutions (<b>Rule 177(1):<\/b> <i>\"After a resolution has been moved any member may, subject to the rules relating to resolutions, move an amendment to the resolution.\"<\/i>) and to motions (Chapter XXVII, Rules 344-347).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 102,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements relating to Lok Sabha:<br>1. A Motion of No-Confidence can be moved only against the Council of Ministers as a whole but not against any individual minister.<br>2. There is nothing in the rule either for or against a Censure Motion being moved against a single minister under rules relating to motions in general.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 198(1):<\/b> <i>\"A motion expressing want of confidence in the Council of Ministers may be made subject to the following restrictions ...\"<\/i> \u2014 it lies only against the Council of Ministers as a whole.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> A Censure Motion is governed by the general rules on motions (Rules 184-192); nothing bars it from being directed at an individual Minister, a group of Ministers or the whole Council.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 103,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 14: Motions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements about No-Day-Yet-Named Motions in Lok Sabha:<br>1. Where notices of a Government motion and a private members' motion are received on the same subject, the Government motion is admitted and the private members' motion is disallowed.<br>2. A copy of the motion is forwarded to the Minister concerned as well as the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> On the same subject, the Government motion is admitted and the private member's motion disallowed (Government business has priority).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT. Rule 189:<\/b> <i>\"If the Speaker admits notice of a motion and no date is fixed for the discussion of such motion, it shall be notified in the Bulletin with the heading: 'No-Day-Yet-Named Motions'.\"<\/i> \u2014 it is merely notified in the Bulletin; it is not forwarded to the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 104,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 14: Motions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements about Censure Motion:<br>1. No leave of the House is required to move a Censure Motion.<br>2. It is in the discretion of the Government to find time and to fix a date for its discussion.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> A Censure Motion needs no leave of the House (unlike a No-Confidence Motion, which needs 50 members to rise under Rule 198(2)); it follows the general rules on motions.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 190:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may, after considering the state of business in the House and in consultation with the Leader of the House or on the recommendation of the Business Advisory Committee allot a day or days or part of a day for the discussion of any such motion.\"<\/i> \u2014 being a No-Day-Yet-Named Motion, the Government (through the Leader of the House) effectively decides when to take it up.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 105,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements relating to grant of leave of the House of the People for moving a No-Confidence Motion:<br>1. The Speaker calls upon members who are in favour of leave being granted to rise in their seats.<br>2. Leave is deemed to be granted by the House if not less than fifty-five members rise.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(2):<\/b> <i>\"If the Speaker is of opinion that the motion is in order, the Speaker shall read the motion to the House and shall request those members who are in favour of leave being granted to rise in their places, and if not less than fifty members rise accordingly, the Speaker shall declare that leave is granted and that the motion will be taken up on such day, not being more than ten days from the date on which the leave is asked for as the Speaker may appoint. If less than fifty members rise, the Speaker shall inform that the member has not the leave of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nStatement 1 matches the rule (members rise in their places). Statement 2 is wrong \u2014 the number is <b>fifty<\/b>, not fifty-five.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 106,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements about statement by a minister who has resigned:<br>1. A member who has resigned the office of minister may, with the consent of the Speaker, make a personal statement in the House in explanation of his resignation.<br>2. No such statement can be made in the House by a minister who is not a Member of Lok Sabha.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 199(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member who has resigned the office of Minister may, with the consent of the Speaker, make a personal statement in explanation of her or his resignation on any day during the session in which the resignation has been accepted by the President ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> The rule speaks of \"a member who has resigned the office of Minister\"; a resigned Minister who is not a member of the Lok Sabha cannot make such a statement in the Lok Sabha.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 107,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements relating to the Chief Whip of Lok Sabha is\/are correct?<br>1. Chief Whip of the Government Party in Lok Sabha is the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs.<br>2. Chief Whip of the Government Party in Lok Sabha is directly responsible to the Speaker.<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 only<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe office of Whip is not a creature of the Rules of Procedure; it is a matter of party organisation and parliamentary practice.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> The Minister of Parliamentary Affairs functions as the Chief Whip of the Government party in the Lok Sabha.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT.<\/b> The Chief Whip is answerable to the party leadership (Prime Minister \/ Leader of the party), not to the Speaker, who is impartial.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 108,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements relating to the Speaker of Lok Sabha are correct?<br>1. He determines whether there is a prima facie case for a matter relating to breach of privilege or contempt of the House.<br>2. He uses his discretion to allot the days and to fix the duration for which the Budget, the Appropriation Bill and the Finance Bill are to be discussed by the House.<br>3. He is the supreme controller of all Parliamentary committees.<br>4. He decides on the admissibility of resolutions and motions.<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below.\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 3 and 4 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 222<\/b> (consent of Speaker to raise a privilege question) and <b>Rule 227<\/b> (Speaker may refer a question of privilege to the Committee of Privileges) \u2014 the Speaker decides the prima facie case.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT.<\/b> For financial business the Speaker acts in consultation, not at sole discretion \u2014 cf. <b>Rule 16:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall, in consultation with the Leader of the House, allot time ...\"<\/i> (the same consultative approach governs Budget\/Appropriation\/Finance Bill timetabling).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT. Rule 258(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Chairperson of a Committee shall be appointed by the Speaker from amongst members of the Committee ...\"<\/i> \u2014 the Speaker superintends the Committee system.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4: CORRECT. Rule 187<\/b> (Speaker decides admissibility of motions) and <b>Rule 174<\/b> (Speaker decides admissibility of resolutions).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 111,\r\n    year: '2015',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is not correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A member who protests against the ruling of the Speaker commits contempt of the House and the Speaker.\",\r\n      \"The Speaker is bound to give reasons for his decisions.\",\r\n      \"Observations made by the Speaker in the House cannot be interpreted in private correspondence.\",\r\n      \"The Speaker is not bound to lay on the Table of the House any communication or representation received by him.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Speaker is not bound to give reasons; the Speaker's decision is final and not open to appeal. <b>Rule 376(3):<\/b> <i>\"... a member may formulate a point of order and the Speaker shall decide whether the point raised is a point of order and if so, the decision of the Speaker thereon, shall be final.\"<\/i>; <b>Rule 378:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall preserve order and shall have all powers necessary for the purpose of enforcing own decisions.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe other statements reflect settled practice and are correct.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2016-17 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 112,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is not correct with regard to quorum of Lok Sabha Parliamentary Committees?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Quorum of the House is one-tenth of the total members of the House.\",\r\n      \"Quorum of a Parliamentary Committee is, as near as may be, one-third of its total members.\",\r\n      \"The House\/Committee cannot commence its sitting without ensuring quorum.\",\r\n      \"Quorum is ensured only when it is pointed out by a member.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nQuorum must exist to constitute the sitting; it is not something \"ensured only when a member points it out.\" <b>Article 100(3):<\/b> <i>\"... the quorum to constitute a meeting of either House of Parliament shall be one-tenth of the total number of members of the House.\"<\/i> (Option A \u2713)<br>\r\n<b>Rule 259(1):<\/b> <i>\"The quorum to constitute a sitting of a Committee shall be, as near as may be, one-third of the total number of members of the Committee.\"<\/i> (Option B \u2713)<br>\r\n<b>Rule 259(2):<\/b> <i>\"If at any time fixed for any sitting of the Committee, or if at any time during any such sitting, there is no quorum, the Chairperson of the Committee shall either suspend the sitting until there is a quorum or adjourn the sitting to some future day.\"<\/i> (Option C \u2713)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 114,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements is\/are correct with regard to the effect of dissolution of Lok Sabha?<br>1. Supplementary Demands for grants do not lapse.<br>2. A motion given in pursuance of Section 3(1) of Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968 for presenting an address to the President praying for removal of a Judge, if admitted, will not lapse on the dissolution of the Lok Sabha.<br>3. Anything said or done during the existence of a House, can be raised as a privilege issue after that House has been dissolved.<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe general rule (Article 107(5)) is that a Bill pending in the Lok Sabha, or passed by the Lok Sabha but pending in the Rajya Sabha, lapses on dissolution; established parliamentary practice (Kaul & Shakdher) settles the rest.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT.<\/b> Supplementary Demands for Grants (financial business) pending at dissolution lapse; they do not survive it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> A motion under Section 3(1) of the Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968 for an address praying for a Judge's removal, once admitted, does not lapse on dissolution \u2014 a special feature of that statutory process, so removal proceedings are not defeated merely by dissolution.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT.<\/b> A breach of privilege relating to a House cannot be raised as a privilege issue once that House has been dissolved. (Note: <b>Rule 336<\/b> preserves a motion\/resolution\/amendment \"moved\" only against <i>prorogation<\/i>, and <b>Rule 284<\/b> protects Committee business only against <i>prorogation<\/i> \u2014 not dissolution.)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 115,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements is\/are correct with regard to Lok Sabha?<br>1. The procedure for summoning of Lok Sabha for an emergency session is generally not same as for a regular session.<br>2. The assurances given by Ministers on the floor of the House, which are pending for implementation are deemed not to lapse on the dissolution of the Lok Sabha.<br>3. Business pending before parliamentary committees of the Lok Sabha do not lapse on dissolution of Lok Sabha.<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT.<\/b> The procedure for summoning the House for an emergency\/special session is essentially the same as for a regular session \u2014 the President summons it under <b>Article 85(1):<\/b> <i>\"The President shall from time to time summon each House of Parliament to meet at such time and place as he thinks fit ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> Assurances given by Ministers that are pending implementation are, by settled practice, deemed not to lapse on dissolution; they carry over and are pursued by the Committee on Government Assurances of the new House.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT.<\/b> Business pending before Parliamentary Committees lapses on dissolution. <b>Rule 284:<\/b> <i>\"Business before Committee not to lapse on prorogation of House\"<\/i> \u2014 the protection is against <i>prorogation<\/i>, not dissolution.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 118,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements with regard to suspension of Members from Lok Sabha is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"In the event of grave disorder occasioned by a Member coming to the well of the House or abusing the rule of the House persistently and willfully obstructing its business he\/she shall stand automatically suspended from the service of the House.\",\r\n      \"In the event of grave disorder occasioned by a Member coming to the well of the House or abusing the rule of the House persistently and willfully obstructing its business he\/she shall stand automatically suspended from the service of the House only after being named by the Speaker.\",\r\n      \"A Member stands automatically suspended from the service of Lok Sabha for a period of 25 days if he\/she comes to the well of the House and willfully and persistently obstructs the business of the House.\",\r\n      \"A Member cannot be suspended automatically from the service of the House even in the event of grave disorder by shouting slogans in the well and obstructing the business of the House.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Automatically suspended only after being named by the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 374A(1):<\/b> <i>\"Notwithstanding anything contained in rules 373 and 374, in the event of grave disorder occasioned by a member coming into the well of the House or abusing the Rules of the House persistently and wilfully obstructing its business by shouting slogans or otherwise, such member shall, on being named by the Speaker, stand automatically suspended from the service of the House for five consecutive sittings or the remainder of the session, whichever is less ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe key words are \"on being named by the Speaker\" \u2014 the automatic suspension is triggered by the naming (so A is incomplete). Option C is wrong (it is five sittings\/remainder of session, not 25 days) and D is wrong (a member can be suspended automatically).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 119,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements regarding Panel of Speaker\/Chairman, Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"It is from the list of Panel of Chairman, Speaker\/Vice President appoints the Chairman of various Parliamentary Committees.\",\r\n      \"Panel of Speaker\/Chairman of Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha is constituted by the President.\",\r\n      \"A member of the Panel of Speaker who presides over the House while both the Speaker and Deputy Speaker are absent has the same powers of the Speaker while presiding over the House.\",\r\n      \"A Panel of Speaker is constituted for each session of Lok Sabha.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) A Panel member presiding has the same powers as the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 10:<\/b> <i>\"The Deputy Speaker or any other member competent to preside over a sitting of the House under the Constitution or these rules shall, when so presiding, have the same powers as the Speaker when so presiding and all references to the Speaker in these rules shall in these circumstances be deemed to be references to any such person so presiding.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOthers wrong: <b>Rule 9(1)<\/b> shows the Panel is nominated by the <b>Speaker<\/b> (not the President), for presiding over the House (not for chairing Committees), <i>\"At the commencement of the House or from time to time\"<\/i> \u2014 not for each session.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 120,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: Summons to Members, Seating, Oath or Affirmation and Roll of Members',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is correct with regard to right of Members before taking oath in Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A Member can resign and seek leave of absence.\",\r\n      \"A Member is entitled to sit and vote in the House.\",\r\n      \"He is not entitled to receive salary.\",\r\n      \"He can be elected or nominated as a Member of a Committee and can function as a Member of such committee.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) A member can resign and seek leave of absence.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>KEY-CONFLICT NOTE:<\/b> This question is identical to Q127 (2016-17). The rule-based correct answer is <b>A<\/b> (as marked for Q127). The original key for this item showed option C; that appears to be an error and has been aligned to A here.<br><br>\r\nBefore oath a member has become a member from the date the result is declared, and may resign (<b>Rule 240(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member who desires to resign one's seat in the House shall intimate in writing under one's own hand addressed to the Speaker ...\"<\/i>) and seek leave of absence (<b>Rule 242(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member desiring permission of the House to remain absent from the sittings thereof under clause (4) of article 101 of the Constitution shall make an application in writing to the Speaker.\"<\/i>).<br><br>\r\nThe others are wrong: before oath a member cannot sit\/vote (<b>Article 99<\/b> bars taking the seat before oath), cannot function on a Committee, and IS entitled to salary (from the date of election) \u2014 so \"not entitled to receive salary\" is a false statement.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 121,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 23: Leave of Absence from the Sittings of the House',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is not correct with regard to leave of absence by MPs?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"If for a period of 60 days, an MP remains absent, without permission of the House, from all meetings thereof, his seat may be declared vacant by the House.\",\r\n      \"In computing the period of sixty days, account is taken of any period during which the House is prorogued or is adjourned.\",\r\n      \"The period of sixty days means a single unbroken period of sixty days.\",\r\n      \"The constitutional provisions are only directory and not mandatory and seat may be declared vacant unless there is a contumacious disregard of duty as an MP.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Article 101(4):<\/b> <i>\"If for a period of sixty days a member of either House of Parliament is without permission of the House absent from all meetings thereof, the House may declare his seat vacant: Provided that in computing the said period of sixty days no account shall be taken of any period during which the House is prorogued or is adjourned for more than four consecutive days.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo in computing the 60 days, <b>no<\/b> account is taken of prorogation or of an adjournment for more than four consecutive days \u2014 option B says the opposite and is therefore incorrect. Options A, C and D correctly state the position.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 122,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: Sittings of the House',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is not correct with regard to Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"President has the power to summon\/prorogue Lok Sabha.\",\r\n      \"Lok Sabha sits on such days as the Speaker may direct from time to time.\",\r\n      \"Presence of Minister(s) is necessary for constituting a sitting of the House.\",\r\n      \"A sitting of the House cannot be commenced unless there is quorum.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe presence of a Minister is not required to constitute a sitting. <b>Rule 11:<\/b> <i>\"A sitting of the House is duly constituted when it is presided over by the Speaker or any other member competent to preside over a sitting of the House under the Constitution or these rules.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe other three are correct: <b>Article 85(1)\/(2)<\/b> \u2014 summoning and prorogation are the President's powers; <b>Rule 13:<\/b> <i>\"The House shall sit on such days as the Speaker, having regard to the state of business of the House, may from time to time direct.\"<\/i>; and a sitting requires quorum (Article 100(3)).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 123,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: Sittings of the House',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is not correct with regard to adjournment in Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Speaker can call a sitting of the House before the date or hour to which it has been adjourned or at any time after the House has been adjourned sine die.\",\r\n      \"When the motion \\\"that the House now adjourn\\\" is being discussed, that is, from the hour the discussion on adjournment motion has commenced to the time the motion is disposed of, the Speaker cannot adjourn the House for the day.\",\r\n      \"The Speaker can extend the time of the House after taking sense of the House.\",\r\n      \"The Speaker cannot adjourn the House sine die without taking the approval of the President.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nAdjournment (including adjournment sine die) is the Speaker's own power; the President's approval is not needed (only prorogation is the President's act under Article 85). <b>Rule 15(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall determine the time when a sitting of the House shall be adjourned sine die or to a particular day, or to an hour or part of the same day: Provided that the Speaker, if thinks fit, may call a sitting of the House before the date or time to which it has been adjourned or at any time after the House has been adjourned sine die.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis also confirms option A. Options B and C reflect settled practice and are correct.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 124,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is not correct with regard to the Railway Convention Committee?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"It is a Committee constituted by the Minister of Railways.\",\r\n      \"It is an ad hoc Committee of Parliament to review the rate of dividend which is payable by the Railways to the general revenues.\",\r\n      \"It suggests the level of appropriation to various Railway funds.\",\r\n      \"Minister of Finance is a nominated member of the Railway Convention Committee.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Railway Convention Committee is an ad hoc Committee constituted by <b>Parliament<\/b> (through a motion), not by the Minister of Railways. It is not a Committee provided for by the Rules of Procedure; it is set up by motion and its functions are those recognised by practice: to review the rate of dividend payable by the Railways to the General Revenues and to advise on appropriations to Railway funds. The Ministers of Railways and of Finance are associated with it. Options B, C and D are correct.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 125,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: Summons to Members, Seating, Oath or Affirmation and Roll of Members',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. Making and subscribing oath is not a proceeding of the House if the person administering the oath is other than a Presiding officer.<br>2. Oath administered in a sitting is a part of the proceedings of the House.<br>3. Oath cannot be taken by a member outside the Chamber of Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> Oath made before a person other than a Presiding Officer (e.g., a person appointed by the President under Article 99) is an individual act, not a proceeding of the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 5:<\/b> <i>\"A member who has not already made and subscribed an oath or affirmation, in pursuance of article 99 of the Constitution, may do so at the commencement of a sitting of the House, or at any other time of the sitting of the House, as the Speaker may direct ...\"<\/i> \u2014 when administered during a sitting, it forms part of the proceedings.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT. Article 99:<\/b> oath may be made <i>\"before the President, or some person appointed in that behalf by him\"<\/i> \u2014 so it can be taken outside the Chamber in appropriate cases.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 126,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: Summons to Members, Seating, Oath or Affirmation and Roll of Members',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. A person becomes a Member of the House from the date on which the person is declared elected by the Returning Officer.<br>2. A person becomes a Member of the House only from the date on which the person makes and subscribes oath or affirmation.<br>3. A Member cannot ask a question in the House unless he has taken oath and signed the Roll of Members in the House.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> Membership begins from the date the result is declared by the Returning Officer (hence salary and privileges run from election).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT.<\/b> Oath is a pre-condition to taking the seat and voting, not to becoming a member.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT. Article 99<\/b> (oath before taking the seat) with <b>Rule 6:<\/b> <i>\"There shall be a Roll of Members of the House which shall be signed in the presence of the Secretary-General by every member, before taking one's own seat.\"<\/i> \u2014 without oath and signing the Roll a member cannot ask questions or participate.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 127,\r\n    year: '2016-17',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 22: Resignation and Vacation of Seats in the House',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is correct with regard to right of Members before taking oath in Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A member can resign and seek leave of absence.\",\r\n      \"A Member is entitled to sit and vote in the House\",\r\n      \"He is not entitled to receive salary\",\r\n      \"He can be elected or nominated as a Member of Committee and can function as a Member of such committee.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) A member can resign and seek leave of absence.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 240(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member who desires to resign one's seat in the House shall intimate in writing under one's own hand addressed to the Speaker, such intention to resign the seat ...\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 242(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member desiring permission of the House to remain absent from the sittings thereof under clause (4) of article 101 of the Constitution shall make an application in writing to the Speaker.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nBoth acts (resignation and leave of absence) are addressed to the Speaker and do not require the oath to have been taken first. Before oath a member cannot sit\/vote (Article 99) or serve on a Committee, but is entitled to salary from the date of election.<br>\r\n(See Q120 \u2014 an identical item whose original key differed.)`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2018 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 128,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the election of the Deputy Speaker of the House:<br>1. The election of a Deputy Speaker shall be held on such date as the Speaker may fix, and the Secretary-General shall send to every member notice of this date.<br>2. At any time before noon on the day preceding the date so fixed, any member may give notice in writing, addressed to the Secretary-General, of a motion that another member be chosen as the Deputy Speaker of the House.<br>3. The notice shall be seconded by a third member and shall be accompanied by a statement by the member whose name is proposed in the notice that the member proposed is willing to serve as Deputy Speaker.<br>Which of the following statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three reproduce <b>Rule 8:<\/b> <i>\"(1) The election of a Deputy Speaker shall be held on such date as the Speaker may fix, and the Secretary-General shall send to every member notice of this date. (2) At any time before noon on the day preceding the date so fixed, any member may give notice in writing, addressed to the Secretary-General, of a motion that another member be chosen as the Deputy Speaker of the House and the notice shall be seconded by a third member and shall be accompanied by a statement by the member whose name is proposed in the notice that the member proposed is willing to serve as Deputy Speaker, if elected ...\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 129,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker of the House may allot time for the discussion of the matters referred to in the President's address under which one of the following Articles of the Constitution of India?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Article 82(1)\",\r\n      \"Article 84(1)\",\r\n      \"Article 86(1)\",\r\n      \"Article 88(1)\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Answer as per official key: C) Article 86(1).<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>SOURCE NOTE:<\/b> The Rule that empowers the Speaker to allot this time is <b>Rule 16:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall, in consultation with the Leader of the House, allot time for the discussion of the matters referred to in the President's Address to the Houses under article 87(1) of the Constitution.\"<\/i> The authorised text thus references <b>Article 87(1)<\/b> (the President's special address at the commencement of the first session after each general election and the first session of each year). Article 87(1) is not among the given options; the official key marks 86(1). Article 86(1) is the President's general right to address either House. Retained the key's answer but flagged the discrepancy with Rule 16.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 130,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>In the House of the People, the last two and a half hours of a sitting on Friday shall be allotted for the transaction of private members' business:<br>1. Provided that the Speaker may allot different Fridays for the disposal of different classes of such business and on Fridays so allotted for any particular class of business, business of that class shall have precedence.<br>2. Provided further that the Speaker may, in consultation with the Leader of the House, allot any day other than a Friday for the transaction of private members' business.<br>3. Provided further that if there is no sitting of the House on a Friday, the Speaker may direct that two and a half hours on any other day in the week may be allotted for private members business.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three are the provisos to <b>Rule 26:<\/b> <i>\"The last two and a half hours of a sitting on Friday shall be allotted for the transaction of private members' business: Provided that the Speaker may allot different Fridays for the disposal of different classes of such business and on Fridays so allotted for any particular class of business, business of that class shall have precedence: Provided further that the Speaker may, in consultation with the Leader of the House, allot any day other than a Friday for the transaction of private members' business: Provided further that if there is no sitting of the House on a Friday, the Speaker may direct that two and a half hours on any other day in the week may be allotted for private members' business.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 131,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: Questions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the limit of number of starred questions in the House of the People:<br>1. Not more than one question distinguished by an asterisk by the same member and not more than twenty questions in all shall be placed on the list of questions for oral answer on any one day.<br>2. When a question is postponed or transferred from one list of questions for oral answer to another, more than one question may stand in the name of one member and the total number of questions may exceed by such postponed or transferred question.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 37(1):<\/b> <i>\"Not more than one question distinguished by an asterisk by the same member and not more than twenty questions in all shall be placed on the list of questions for oral answer on any one day: Provided that when a question is postponed or transferred from one list of questions for oral answer to another, more than one question may stand in the name of one member and the total number of questions may exceed by such postponed or transferred question.\"<\/i> \u2014 the two statements are the main provision and its proviso.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 132,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: Questions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Speaker's decision on the admissibility of questions under the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the House of the People:<br>1. The Speaker shall decide whether a question, or a part thereof, is or is not admissible under these rules and may disallow any question, or a part thereof, when in the opinion of the Speaker, it is an abuse of the right of questioning or is calculated to obstruct or prejudicially affect the procedure of the House or is in contravention of these rules.<br>2. Subject to the provisions of Rule 38, the Speaker may direct that a question be placed on the list of questions for answer on a date later than that specified by a member in the notice if the Speaker is of the opinion that a longer period is necessary to decide whether the question is or is not admissible.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\nBoth statements reproduce <b>Rule 43:<\/b> <i>\"(1) The Speaker shall decide whether a question, or a part thereof, is or is not admissible under these rules and may disallow any question, or a part thereof, when in the opinion of the Speaker, it is an abuse of the right of questioning or is calculated to obstruct or prejudicially affect the procedure of the House or is in contravention of these rules. (2) Subject to the provisions of rule 38, the Speaker may direct that a question be placed on the list of questions for answer on a date later than that specified by a member in the notice if the Speaker is of the opinion that a longer period is necessary to decide whether the question is or is not admissible.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 133,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 9: Adjournment Motions',\r\n    question: \"Notice of an adjournment motion shall be given by 10.00 hours on the day on which the motion is proposed to be made to the Secretary-General and copies thereof shall be endorsed among others, to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the President of India\",\r\n      \"the Prime Minister\",\r\n      \"the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs\",\r\n      \"the Vice President of India\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 57:<\/b> <i>\"Notice of an adjournment motion shall be given by 10.00 hours on the day on which the motion is proposed to be made to the Secretary-General and copies thereof shall be endorsed to:\u2014 (i) the Speaker; (ii) the Minister concerned; (iii) the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs ...\"<\/i> Of the options, only the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs figures in the list.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 134,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements: After the presentation of the final report of a Select Committee of the House or a Joint Committee of the House, as the case may be, on a Bill, the member in charge may move that the Bill as reported by the Select Committee of the House or the Joint Committee of the Houses, as the case may be, be re-committed to the same Select Committee or to a new Select Committee, or to the same Joint Committee or to a new Joint Committee with the concurrence of the Council:<br>1. with limitation.<br>2. with respect to particular clauses or amendments only.<br>3. without instructions to the Committee to make some particular or additional provision in the Bill.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 77(1)(b):<\/b> the member in charge may move that the Bill be re-committed <i>\"... either\u2014 (i) without limitation, or (ii) with respect to particular clauses or amendments only, or (iii) with instructions to the Committee to make some particular or additional provision in the Bill ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOnly statement 2 matches clause (ii). Statement 1 is wrong (the rule says \"without limitation\") and statement 3 is wrong (the rule says \"with instructions\", not \"without instructions\").`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 135,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"If any member desires to move an amendment to a Bill, no previous sanction or recommendation of the President shall be required, if an amendment seeks to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"abolish or reduce the limits of the tax proposed in the bill or amendment\",\r\n      \"decrease such tax up to the limits of an existing tax\",\r\n      \"increase such tax up to the limits of a proposed tax\",\r\n      \"decrease such tax up to the limits of a proposed tax\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) abolish or reduce the limits of the tax proposed in the Bill or amendment.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 81<\/b> proviso: <i>\"Provided that no previous sanction or recommendation of the President shall be required, if an amendment seeks to\u2014 (a) abolish or reduce the limits of the tax proposed in the Bill or amendment, or (b) increase such tax upto the limits of an existing tax.\"<\/i> Option A is clause (a); the other options misstate clause (b).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 136,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the voting on group of Clauses and Schedules: The Speaker, if thinks fit, may put, as one question, clauses and\/or schedules, or clauses and\/or schedules as amended, as the case may be, together to the vote of the House provided that:<br>1. If the Secretary-General requests that any clause or schedule, or any clause or schedule as amended, as the case may be, be put separately, the Speaker shall put that clause or schedule, or clause or schedule as amended, as the case may be, separately.<br>2. If a member requests that any clause or schedule, or any clause or schedule as amended, as the case may be, be put separately, the Speaker shall put that clause or schedule, or clause or schedule as amended, as the case may be, separately.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 91:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker, if thinks fit, may put as one question clauses and or schedules, or clauses and or schedules as amended, as the case may be, together to the vote of the House: Provided that if a member requests that any clause or schedule, or any clause or schedule as amended, as the case may be, be put separately, the Speaker shall put that clause or schedule, or clause or schedule as amended, as the case may be, separately.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe right to demand a separate vote lies with a <b>member<\/b> (Statement 2), not the Secretary-General (Statement 1).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 137,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"If a bill other than a money bill passed by the House and transmitted to the Council is passed by the Council without amendment, the message received from the Council to that effect shall be reported by:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker of the House if in session or published in the bulletin for the information of the members if the House is not in session.\",\r\n      \"the concerned Minister if the House is in session or published in the bulletin for the information of the members if the House is not in session.\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General to the House if in session or published in the bulletin for the information of the members if the House is not in session.\",\r\n      \"the Prime Minister if the House is in session or published in the bulletin for the information of the members if the House is not in session.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the Secretary-General.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 97:<\/b> <i>\"If a Bill other than a Money Bill passed by the House and transmitted to the Council is passed by the Council without amendment, the message received from the Council to that effect shall be reported by the Secretary-General to the House if in session or published in the Bulletin for the information of the members if the House is not in session.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 138,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 11: Bills seeking to amend the Constitution',\r\n    question: \"In the Lok Sabha, the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business make certain specific provisions with regard to bills for amendment of the Constitution. They relate to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"voting procedure in the house at various stages of such bills, in the light of the requirements of Article 368.\",\r\n      \"the procedure before introduction in case of such bills, if assent is given by the President of India.\",\r\n      \"the voting procedure in the house at various stages of such bills, in the light of the requirements of Article 372.\",\r\n      \"the procedure before introduction in the case of such bills, if assent is given by concerned State Governor.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) voting procedure at various stages, in the light of Article 368.<\/b><br><br>\r\nChapter XI (Rules 155-159) is devoted to the special voting requirements of Constitution amendment Bills flowing from Article 368. <b>Rule 155:<\/b> <i>\"Each clause or schedule or clause, or schedule as amended, as the case may be, of a Bill seeking to amend the Constitution shall be put to the vote of the House separately and shall form part of the Bill if it is passed by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two thirds of the members present and voting ...\"<\/i>; and <b>Rule 158(1):<\/b> <i>\"Voting shall be by division whenever a motion has to be carried by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 139,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"A private member's Bill pending before the House shall also be removed from the register of Bills pending in the House in case the member in charge\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"changes party from elected party\",\r\n      \"is appointed a minister\",\r\n      \"is involved in criminal cases\",\r\n      \"applied for leave during the session\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) is appointed a Minister.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 113:<\/b> <i>\"A private member's Bill pending before the House shall also be removed from the Register of Bills pending in the House in case\u2014 (a) the member in charge ceases to be a member of the House; (b) the member in charge is appointed a Minister.\"<\/i> (On becoming a Minister the member ceases to be a \"private member\".)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 140,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"After the amended Bill has been laid on the table, any minister in the case of a Government Bill, or, in any other case, any member may, after giving\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"one day notice or with the consent of the Speaker without notice, move that the amendments be taken into consideration.\",\r\n      \"two days' notice or with the consent of the Speaker without notice, move that the amendments be taken into consideration.\",\r\n      \"three days' notice or with the consent of the Speaker without notice, move that the amendments be taken into consideration.\",\r\n      \"four days' notice or with the consent of the Speaker without notice, move that the amendments be taken into consideration.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) two days' notice.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 123:<\/b> <i>\"After the amended Bill has been laid on the Table, any Minister in the case of a Government Bill, or in any other case, any member may, after giving two days' notice or with the consent of the Speaker without notice, move that the amendments be taken into consideration.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 141,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"When any of the following motions moved in the House with reference to a Bill originating in the Council and transmitted to the House is negatived by the House, the Bill shall be deemed to have been rejected by the House\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"that the Bill not be taken into consideration\",\r\n      \"that the Bill not be referred to a Select Committee\",\r\n      \"that the Bill as reported by Select Committee be taken into consideration\",\r\n      \"that the Bill be directly forwarded to the President of India.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) that the Bill as reported by Select Committee be taken into consideration.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 127:<\/b> <i>\"When any of the following motions moved in the House with reference to a Bill originating in the Council and transmitted to the House is negatived by the House, the Bill shall be deemed to have been rejected by the House: (i) that the Bill be taken into consideration; (ii) that the Bill be referred to a Select Committee; (iii) that the Bill as reported by Select Committee be taken into consideration; and (iv) that the Bill (or, that the Bill as amended...) be passed.\"<\/i> Option C is clause (iii); the other options do not appear in the list.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 142,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"If the Bill is returned to the House with a message that the Council insists on an amendment or amendments to which the House has disagreed, the Houses shall be\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"deemed to have finally disagreed as to the amendment or amendments.\",\r\n      \"insisted to vote for majority\",\r\n      \"recommended for Select Committee\",\r\n      \"recommended for legal opinion\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) deemed to have finally disagreed as to the amendments.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 126:<\/b> <i>\"If a Bill is returned with a message intimating that the House insists on amendments to which the Council is unable to agree, the Houses shall be deemed to have finally disagreed as to the amendments.\"<\/i> (Such final disagreement is what may lead to a joint sitting under Article 108.)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 143,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 12: Petitions',\r\n    question: \"A petition, dealing with any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (f) of Clause (1) of Article 110 of the Constitution of India or involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India, shall not be presented to the House unless recommended by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Prime Minister\",\r\n      \"the Vice President\",\r\n      \"the President\",\r\n      \"the Finance Minister\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the President.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 160A:<\/b> <i>\"A petition, dealing with any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (f) of clause (1) of article 110 or involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India, shall not be presented to the House unless recommended by the President.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 144,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 14: Motions',\r\n    question: \"In order that a motion may be admissible, it shall satisfy which one of the following conditions?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"It shall not raise substantially one definite issue.\",\r\n      \"It shall not contain arguments, inferences, ironical expressions, imputations or defamatory statements.\",\r\n      \"It shall refer to the conduct or character of persons.\",\r\n      \"It shall not be restricted to a matter of recent occurrence.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B).<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 186:<\/b> <i>\"In order that a motion may be admissible it shall satisfy the following conditions, namely:\u2014 (i) it shall raise substantially one definite issue; (ii) it shall not contain arguments, inferences, ironical expressions, imputations or defamatory statements; (iii) it shall not refer to the conduct or character of persons except in their public capacity; (iv) it shall be restricted to a matter of recent occurrence ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOption B is clause (ii). The other options invert clauses (i), (iii) and (iv).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 145,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 15: Short Duration Discussions',\r\n    question: \"If the Speaker is satisfied, after calling for such information from the member who has given notice and from the Minister as the Speaker may consider necessary, that the matter is urgent and is of sufficient importance to be raised in the House at an early date, the Speaker may admit the notice provided that\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"if an early opportunity is otherwise available for the discussion of the matter, the Speaker may admit the notice.\",\r\n      \"if an early opportunity is otherwise available for the discussion of the matter, the Speaker may refuse to admit the notice.\",\r\n      \"allow such time for discussion not exceeding four hours at or before the end of the sitting.\",\r\n      \"allow such time for discussion not exceeding three hours at or before the end of the sitting.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the Speaker may refuse to admit the notice.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 194(1):<\/b> <i>\"If the Speaker is satisfied ... that the matter is urgent and is of sufficient importance to be raised in the House at an early date, the Speaker may admit the notice: Provided that if an early opportunity is otherwise available for the discussion of the matter the Speaker may refuse to admit the notice.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOptions C and D are wrong on time as well \u2014 <b>Rule 194(2):<\/b> the Speaker may allow discussion <i>\"not exceeding two hours at or before the end of the sitting ...\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 146,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned',\r\n    question: \"A motion expressing want of confidence in the Council of Ministers may be made subject to which one of the following restrictions?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Leave to make the motion shall be asked for by the member when called by the Speaker.\",\r\n      \"Leave to make the motion shall not be asked for by the member when called by the Speaker.\",\r\n      \"Leave to make the motion shall be asked for by the concerned Minister when called by the Speaker.\",\r\n      \"Leave to make the motion shall not be asked for by the concerned Minister when called by the Speaker.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Leave shall be asked for by the member when called by the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(1):<\/b> <i>\"A motion expressing want of confidence in the Council of Ministers may be made subject to the following restrictions, namely:\u2014 (a) leave to make the motion shall be asked for by the member when called by the Speaker; (b) the member asking for leave shall, by 10.00 hours on that day give to the Secretary-General a written notice of the motion which such member proposes to move ...\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 147,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned',\r\n    question: \"A member who has resigned the office of Minister may, with the consent of the Speaker, make a personal statement in explanation of her or his resignation on any day during the session in which the resignation has been accepted by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Prime Minister\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"the Vice President\",\r\n      \"the President\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) the President.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 199(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member who has resigned the office of Minister may, with the consent of the Speaker, make a personal statement in explanation of her or his resignation on any day during the session in which the resignation has been accepted by the President ...\"<\/i> (A Minister's resignation is tendered to and accepted by the President.)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 148,\r\n    year: '2018',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 18: Resolution for Removal of Speaker or Deputy Speaker from Office',\r\n    question: \"A member wishing to give notice of a resolution, under Clause (c) of Article 94 of the Constitution, for the removal of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker shall do so in writing to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"the Prime Minister\",\r\n      \"the Vice President\",\r\n      \"the President\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the Secretary-General.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 200(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member wishing to give notice of a resolution, under clause (c) of article 94 of the Constitution, for the removal of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker shall do so in writing to the Secretary-General and shall furnish the full text of such resolution.\"<\/i> (Rule 200(2): the day fixed for the motion for leave must be after fourteen days from receipt of the notice \u2014 the constitutional 14 days' notice.)`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2019-20 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 149,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is correct about the Zero Hour in the Rajya Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"It is mentioned in the Rules of Procedure.\",\r\n      \"It is the first hour of the sitting.\",\r\n      \"It is the last hour of the sitting.\",\r\n      \"It is an informal opportunity for raising matters of urgent public importance.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) An informal opportunity for raising matters of urgent public importance.<\/b><br><br>\r\n\"Zero Hour\" is not defined in the Rules of Procedure of either House or in the Constitution; it is an informal device developed by practice, taken up immediately after the Question Hour (hence it is not the first hour). In the Lok Sabha the nearest codified device is <b>Rule 377:<\/b> <i>\"A member who wishes to bring to the notice of the House a matter which is not a point of order, shall give notice in writing to the Secretary-General ...\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 150,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons',\r\n    question: \"The Speaker of the Lok Sabha can resign by addressing his\/her resignation to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the President of India\",\r\n      \"the Prime Minister of India\",\r\n      \"the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"the Chief Justice of India\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Article 94(b):<\/b> the Speaker <i>\"may at any time ... resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the Deputy Speaker.\"<\/i> (Correspondingly, the Deputy Speaker resigns by writing addressed to the Speaker.)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 151,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"What is the minimum quorum required for holding a sitting of the Rajya Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"One-third of the total membership\",\r\n      \"One-half of the total membership\",\r\n      \"One-fourth of the total membership\",\r\n      \"One-tenth of the total membership\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) One-tenth of the total membership.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Article 100(3):<\/b> <i>\"Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the quorum to constitute a meeting of either House of Parliament shall be one-tenth of the total number of members of the House.\"<\/i> This applies equally to the Rajya Sabha.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 152,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned',\r\n    question: \"Which motion is moved to express want of confidence in the Council of Ministers?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"No-Confidence Motion\",\r\n      \"Confidence Motion\",\r\n      \"Censure Motion\",\r\n      \"Adjournment Motion\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) No-Confidence Motion.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(1):<\/b> <i>\"A motion expressing want of confidence in the Council of Ministers may be made subject to the following restrictions ...\"<\/i> It lies only against the Council of Ministers as a whole and, if carried, obliges the Government to resign.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 153,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 9: Adjournment Motions',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following motions is used to adjourn the House to discuss a definite matter of urgent public importance?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Adjournment Motion\",\r\n      \"Calling Attention Motion\",\r\n      \"Privilege Motion\",\r\n      \"No-Confidence Motion\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Adjournment Motion.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 58:<\/b> <i>\"The right to move the adjournment of the House for the purpose of discussing a definite matter of urgent public importance shall be subject to the following restrictions ...\"<\/i> The Adjournment Motion interrupts normal business to debate such a matter and carries an element of censure of the Government.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 154,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Who can ask for a joint sitting of both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha to resolve a deadlock over a Bill?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The President of India\",\r\n      \"The Prime Minister of India\",\r\n      \"The Speaker of the Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"The Chairman of the Rajya Sabha\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the President of India.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Article 108(1):<\/b> where a Bill has been passed by one House and rejected by the other (or the Houses have finally disagreed on amendments, or six months have elapsed), <i>\"the President may, unless the Bill has elapsed by reason of a dissolution of the House of the People, notify to the Houses ... his intention to summon them to meet in a joint sitting ...\"<\/i> The Speaker of the Lok Sabha presides over the joint sitting (Article 118(4)).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 155,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"A Bill that has been rejected by either House of the Parliament cannot be reintroduced during the same\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"session\",\r\n      \"calendar year\",\r\n      \"parliamentary year\",\r\n      \"budget session\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) session.<\/b><br><br>\r\nBy the rule against repetition, a Bill once rejected by the House cannot be reintroduced in the same session \u2014 the same principle that <b>Rule 338<\/b> applies to motions: <i>\"When a motion has been moved, no motion or amendment shall be moved which raises substantially the same question during the same session ...\"<\/i> A fresh session is required.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 156,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 19: Financial Business',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding Money Bill:<br>1. It can be introduced in either the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha.<br>2. It can be returned by the President for reconsideration.<br>3. It requires the consent of the President before introduction.<br>4. It cannot be introduced in the Rajya Sabha.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"3 and 4 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 3 and 4 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT. Article 117(1):<\/b> a Bill dealing with Article 110 matters <i>\"shall not be introduced or moved except on the recommendation of the President ...\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4: CORRECT. Article 109(1):<\/b> <i>\"A Money Bill shall not be introduced in the Council of States.\"<\/i> (so it can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha \u2014 Statement 1 is wrong.)<br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT. Article 111<\/b> proviso: the President cannot return a Money Bill for reconsideration; the President must either assent or withhold assent.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 157,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"The committee responsible for scrutinizing the Annual Budget of the Government is known as the\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Committee on Public Accounts\",\r\n      \"Committee on Estimates\",\r\n      \"Committee on Subordinate Legislation\",\r\n      \"Committee on Rules\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Committee on Estimates.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 310:<\/b> <i>\"There shall be a Committee on Estimates for the examination of such of the estimates as may seem fit to the Committee or are specifically referred to it by the House or the Speaker ...\"<\/i> \u2014 it scrutinises the estimates (Budget) and suggests economies. (The PAC, by contrast, examines accounts of expenditure already incurred.)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 158,\r\n    year: '2019-20',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Which constitutional body is responsible for conducting enquiries and taking appropriate action in cases of violation of the Code of Conduct by MPs?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Election Commission of India\",\r\n      \"The Lok Sabha Speaker\",\r\n      \"The Rajya Sabha Chairman\",\r\n      \"The Ethics Committee of the Parliament\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) the Ethics Committee of Parliament.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 316B<\/b> (Committee on Ethics): among its functions is <i>\"to examine cases concerning the alleged breach of the Code of Conduct by members ...\"<\/i> read with <b>Rule 316C<\/b> on its procedure. (The Committee is set up under Rules 316A-316F; complaints of ethical misconduct may also be referred by the Speaker under Chapter XXA, Rule 233B.)`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2021-22 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 159,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"The time when the Members of Parliament can raise issues of urgent public importance is called\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Notice period\",\r\n      \"Cooling-off period\",\r\n      \"Stipulated interval\",\r\n      \"Zero hour\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Zero hour.<\/b><br><br>\r\nZero Hour \u2014 an informal device (not found in the Rules of Procedure) that begins at 12:00 noon, immediately after the Question Hour \u2014 is used by members to raise matters of urgent public importance without prior notice. The nearest codified mechanism is <b>Rule 377<\/b> (matters which are not points of order).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 160,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following motions is moved after the President's address to both the Houses of Parliament at the beginning of the Budget session?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Motion of Thanks\",\r\n      \"Motion of Confidence\",\r\n      \"Motion of No-Confidence\",\r\n      \"Motion of Withdrawal\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Motion of Thanks.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 17:<\/b> <i>\"On such day or days or part of any day, the House shall be at liberty to discuss the matters referred to in such Address on a Motion of Thanks moved by a member and seconded by another member.\"<\/i> The President addresses both Houses under Article 87(1); the discussion takes place on the Motion of Thanks.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 161,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 22: Resignation and Vacation of Seats in the House',\r\n    question: \"In Lok Sabha, the resignation of a Member is addressed to the\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Speaker of Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"Prime Minister of India\",\r\n      \"President of India\",\r\n      \"Leader of the Opposition party\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Speaker of Lok Sabha.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Article 101(3)(b)<\/b> (resign by writing addressed to the Speaker) read with <b>Rule 240(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member who desires to resign one's seat in the House shall intimate in writing under one's own hand addressed to the Speaker, such intention to resign the seat ...\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 162,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"In Rajya Sabha, a money bill passed by the Lok Sabha is returned to the Lower House with the Rajya Sabha's recommendations. If the Lok Sabha does not accept any of the recommendations, it is deemed to be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Passed by both the Houses of Parliament\",\r\n      \"Rejected by both the Houses of Parliament\",\r\n      \"Passed by the Lok Sabha alone\",\r\n      \"Passed by the Rajya Sabha alone\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Passed by both the Houses of Parliament.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 108:<\/b> <i>\"If the House does not accept any of the recommendations of the Council, the Bill shall be deemed to have been passed by both the Houses in the form in which it was passed by the House without any of the amendments recommended by the Council and a message to that effect shall be sent to the Council.\"<\/i> (This mirrors Article 109(4).)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 163,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"Who among the following determines the functions of the committees in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Speaker of Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"President of India\",\r\n      \"Council of Ministers\",\r\n      \"Rules Committee of Lok Sabha\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Speaker of Lok Sabha.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Committees work under the direction of the Speaker, who constitutes them, appoints their Chairpersons and gives them directions. <b>Rule 253:<\/b> a Parliamentary Committee is one which <i>\"works under the direction of the Speaker ...\"<\/i>; <b>Rule 283:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker ... may issue such directions to the Chairperson or members of a Committee ...\"<\/i> (and Rule 258 on appointment of Chairpersons).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 164,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'Rajya Sabha',\r\n    question: \"In Rajya Sabha, what is the maximum time limit for a discussion on a motion of thanks to the President for his\/her address?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"6 hours\",\r\n      \"10 hours\",\r\n      \"12 hours\",\r\n      \"16 hours\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Answer as per official key: C) 12 hours.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>SOURCE NOTE:<\/b> This is a figure of Rajya Sabha practice, not a verbatim provision of the Rules. Time for the Motion of Thanks is allotted by the House on the recommendation of the Business Advisory Committee; the RS convention cited by the exam sets the ceiling at 12 hours. (The Rules of Procedure prescribe no fixed number of hours, so verify against the current BAC\/House allocation.)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 165,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned',\r\n    question: \"What is the minimum number of members required to table a \\\"No-Confidence Motion\\\" in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"10\",\r\n      \"20\",\r\n      \"30\",\r\n      \"50\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 50.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(2):<\/b> <i>\"... the Speaker shall ... request those members who are in favour of leave being granted to rise in their places, and if not less than fifty members rise accordingly, the Speaker shall declare that leave is granted ...\"<\/i> \u2014 the motion needs the support of at least 50 members to be admitted.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 166,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"The Public Accounts Committee consists of not more than:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"22 Members, 15 Members elected by Lok Sabha and not more than 7 Members elected by Rajya Sabha.\",\r\n      \"23 Members, 16 Members elected by Lok Sabha and not more than 7 Members elected by Rajya Sabha.\",\r\n      \"22 Members, 7 Members elected by Lok Sabha and not more than 15 Members elected by Rajya Sabha.\",\r\n      \"23 Members, 7 Members elected by Lok Sabha and not more than 16 Members elected by Rajya Sabha.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 22 Members \u2014 15 (Lok Sabha) + not more than 7 (Rajya Sabha).<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 309(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Committee shall consist of not more than 22 members comprising 15 members who shall be elected by the House every year ... and not more than 7 members of Rajya Sabha to be nominated by that House for being associated with the Committee ...\"<\/i> (Rajya Sabha members are nominated by that House.)`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 167,\r\n    year: '2021-22',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure',\r\n    question: \"The term \\\"point of order\\\" in the context of parliamentary proceedings refers to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a request by a member to make a formal statement\",\r\n      \"a request by a member to ask a question out of turn\",\r\n      \"a member's objection regarding the violation of parliamentary rules\",\r\n      \"a member's request for an extension of time for a debate\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) a member's objection regarding the violation of parliamentary rules.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 376(1):<\/b> <i>\"A point of order shall relate to the interpretation or enforcement of these rules or such Articles of the Constitution as regulate the business of the House and shall raise a question which is within the cognizance of the Speaker.\"<\/i> The Speaker's decision on it is final (Rule 376(3)).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2023 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 168,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: Questions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the \\\"starred questions\\\" asked during Question Hour of Parliament:<br>1. Oral Answer is required to be given by the minister on the floor of the house and supplementary questions may be asked on Minister's reply.<br>2. Oral Answer is required to be given by the minister on the floor of the house and supplementary questions may not be asked on Minister's reply.<br>3. Written Answer is to be given by the minister after 10 days' notice and no supplementary question may be asked.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 only<\/b><br><br>\r\nA starred question is answered orally and supplementaries may follow. <b>Rule 36:<\/b> <i>\"A member who desires an oral answer to one's question shall distinguish it by an asterisk ...\"<\/i>; <b>Rule 50(1):<\/b> <i>\"The member in whose name a question is listed for oral answer or any other member, when called by the Speaker, may ask a supplementary question for the purpose of further elucidating any matter of fact regarding which an answer has been given.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nStatement 2 is wrong (supplementaries ARE allowed); Statement 3 describes an unstarred (written-answer) question, not a starred one.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 169,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 23: Leave of Absence from the Sittings of the House',\r\n    question: \"In the Indian Parliament, under which condition can a house declare the seat of a member vacant?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"If the member is absent from all meetings of the house for 60 days continuously\",\r\n      \"If the member is absent from all meetings of the house for 45 days continuously\",\r\n      \"If the member is absent from all meetings of the house for 30 days continuously\",\r\n      \"If the member is absent from all meetings of the house for 21 days continuously\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 60 days.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Article 101(4):<\/b> <i>\"If for a period of sixty days a member of either House of Parliament is without permission of the House absent from all meetings thereof, the House may declare his seat vacant ...\"<\/i> (in computing which, periods of prorogation or of adjournment for more than four consecutive days are excluded). See also <b>Rule 326(1)(ii).<\/b>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 170,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 26: Parliamentary Committees',\r\n    question: \"The Chairperson of Public Accounts Committee is appointed by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Speaker of Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"President of India\",\r\n      \"Chief Justice of India\",\r\n      \"Chairman of Rajya Sabha\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Speaker of Lok Sabha.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 258(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Chairperson of a Committee shall be appointed by the Speaker from amongst members of the Committee ...\"<\/i> By convention the PAC Chairperson is chosen from the Opposition, and is appointed by the Speaker.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 171,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 19: Financial Business',\r\n    question: \"A money bill in the House of the People can be introduced on the recommendation of\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Prime Minister of India\",\r\n      \"President of India\",\r\n      \"Speaker of Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"Finance Minister\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) President of India.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Article 117(1):<\/b> a Bill dealing with any of the matters specified in Article 110 <i>\"shall not be introduced or moved except on the recommendation of the President ...\"<\/i> A Money Bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha (Article 109(1)) and only on the President's recommendation.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 172,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: Questions',\r\n    question: \"In which type of question in the Parliament is a written answer desired?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Starred question\",\r\n      \"Unstarred question\",\r\n      \"Short notice question\",\r\n      \"Long notice question\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Unstarred question.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 36:<\/b> <i>\"... If the member does not distinguish it by an asterisk, the question shall be placed on the list of questions for written answer.\"<\/i> Such an unstarred question receives a written answer, which under <b>Rule 39(1)<\/b> is <i>\"deemed to have been laid on the Table at the end of the Question Hour ...\"<\/i> \u2014 with no supplementaries.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 173,\r\n    year: '2023',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Which among the following Bill will not lapse in the event of dissolution of Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Any Bill pending in Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"Any Bill passed by the Lok Sabha but pending in Rajya Sabha\",\r\n      \"Any Bill passed by the Rajya Sabha and pending in Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"Any Bill pending in Rajya Sabha and not passed by Lok Sabha\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Answer as per official key: B.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>KEY-CONFLICT NOTE:<\/b> Under the settled constitutional position (Article 107(5) read with the dissolution doctrine), a Bill <i>passed by the Lok Sabha and pending in the Rajya Sabha<\/i> (option B) actually <b>lapses<\/b> on dissolution. The only Bill among these that does <b>not<\/b> lapse is <i>a Bill pending in the Rajya Sabha and not passed by the Lok Sabha<\/i> (option D) \u2014 because the Rajya Sabha is a permanent House. Bills that lapse: (i) a Bill pending in the Lok Sabha, and (ii) a Bill passed by the Lok Sabha but pending in the Rajya Sabha. Bills that do not lapse include one originating and pending in the Rajya Sabha (not passed by the Lok Sabha). The official key here (B) is inconsistent with that doctrine \u2014 the doctrinally correct answer is <b>D<\/b>. Verify against the department's answer key.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2024 =====================\r\n  {\r\n    id: 58,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. The Joint Chairman of the Rajya Sabha heads a sitting of both Houses when the Speaker, Deputy Speaker, and the panel of Speakers are absent.<br>2. Only the President can summon a joint sitting of both Houses.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT.<\/b> The Speaker presides over a joint sitting; in the Speaker's absence the order of presiding officers is the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha, then the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, and then such other person as may be determined by the members present (Article 118(4) with the Joint Sittings Rules). The Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (Vice-President) does not preside.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Article 108(1):<\/b> only the President may notify his intention to summon the Houses to meet in a joint sitting to resolve a legislative deadlock.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 59,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 19: Financial Business',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. Article 117 deals with all three types of financial bills.<br>2. A Financial Bill (I) can be amended or rejected by the Rajya Sabha.<br>3. All financial bills are not money bills.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT.<\/b> Money Bills are dealt with primarily by <b>Article 110<\/b> (with Article 109 on their procedure); Article 117 deals with Financial Bills \u2014 Category I under Article 117(1) and Category II under Article 117(3). So Article 117 does not deal with \"all three types\".<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> A Financial Bill (Category I), once introduced, is treated as an ordinary Bill for later stages \u2014 the Rajya Sabha can amend or reject it (unlike a Money Bill).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT.<\/b> All Money Bills are Financial Bills, but not all Financial Bills are Money Bills \u2014 the Money Bill is a narrow sub-set (only Article 110 matters, certified by the Speaker).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 60,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 19: Financial Business',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding Money Bills:<br>1. They can only be introduced after the President's recommendation.<br>2. Money bill can be introduced only by a Minister.<br>3. Speaker's decision to decide whether a bill is a money bill or not cannot be questioned in the courts.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Article 117(1):<\/b> a Money Bill cannot be introduced except on the President's recommendation.<br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> Because it needs the President's recommendation (conveyed through a Minister) and can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha, it is moved by a Minister.<br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT. Article 110(3):<\/b> <i>\"If any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, the decision of the Speaker of the House of the People thereon shall be final\"<\/i>; and Article 110(4) shields it with the Speaker's certificate.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 61,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 19: Financial Business',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. Money bills cannot be sent back for reconsideration by the President.<br>2. Money bills have no provision for joint sittings.<br>3. Defeat of an ordinary bill, when introduced by a minister, may lead to the resignation of the Government.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Article 111<\/b> proviso: the President cannot return a Money Bill for reconsideration.<br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> There is no joint sitting for a Money Bill \u2014 the Rajya Sabha can only recommend, and the Lok Sabha may accept or reject the recommendations (Article 109); a deadlock cannot arise, so Article 108 does not apply.<br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT.<\/b> Defeat of a Government Bill can be treated as a loss of confidence and may lead the Government to resign (a matter of convention).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 62,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding public and private bills:<br>1. Passing of public bill and private bill is governed by the same process.<br>2. Minister cannot introduce a private bill.<br>3. One-month notice is needed to introduce a private bill in the House.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT.<\/b> Public (Government) and private members' Bills are not handled by an identical process \u2014 private members' Bills have their own precedence, ballot and Committee classification (Rules 26-30, 293-297), and a distinct time allocation, so the processes differ.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 65(1):<\/b> <i>\"Any member, other than a Minister, desiring to move for leave to introduce a Bill ...\"<\/i> \u2014 a Minister's Bill is a Government Bill; a Minister cannot introduce a private members' Bill.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT.<\/b> A private members' Bill requires one month's notice for leave to introduce (the notice period under Rule 65).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 63,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 13: Resolutions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding resolutions in Parliament:<br>1. All resolutions are motions.<br>2. Not all resolutions need to be voted.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> A resolution is a particular form of motion \u2014 every resolution is a motion (though not every motion is a resolution). It is moved and disposed of under the rules for motions\/resolutions (Chapter XIII, Rules 170-183).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> Not every resolution reaches a vote \u2014 a private member's resolution not disposed of at the appointed hour lapses, and a resolution may be withdrawn (<b>Rule 180:<\/b> withdrawal of resolution) without being put to the vote.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 64,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Rajya Sabha',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. The Rajya Sabha does not have a device called Special Mention.<br>2. Short-duration discussion was introduced in Parliament post-1991.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Neither 1 nor 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT.<\/b> Special Mention is a Rajya Sabha device, now codified in <b>RS Rules 180A-180E<\/b> \u2014 e.g., <b>Rule 180D(1):<\/b> <i>\"Unless the Chairman otherwise directs, no member shall make more than one Special Mention during a week.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT.<\/b> The Short Duration Discussion (the \"two-hour discussion\") is a long-standing device that predates 1991; it was not introduced post-1991.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 65,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding censure and no-confidence motions:<br>1. No-confidence motion needs the support of 50 members to be admitted.<br>2. There is a need to state the reason for moving a no-confidence motion.<br>3. A censure motion can be moved against an individual minister.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 198(2):<\/b> leave is granted <i>\"if not less than fifty members rise ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT.<\/b> No reasons need be stated for a no-confidence motion (it simply expresses want of confidence in the Council of Ministers).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT.<\/b> A censure motion (governed by the general rules on motions) may be directed at an individual Minister, a group of Ministers, or the whole Council \u2014 unlike a no-confidence motion, which lies only against the Council as a whole.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 66,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding various motions in Parliament:<br>1. Calling Attention Motion is an Indian innovation.<br>2. The Rajya Sabha can make use of the Adjournment Motion.<br>3. Motion of Thanks is voted.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> Calling Attention (<b>Rule 197<\/b>) is an Indian innovation with no exact British parallel, combining an element of a question with a short comment.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT.<\/b> The Adjournment Motion is available only in the Lok Sabha; the Rajya Sabha has no such device.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT.<\/b> The Motion of Thanks on the President's Address is put to the vote of the House (and its defeat would amount to a Government defeat).`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 67,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 14: Motions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. Subsidiary motion, by itself, has no meaning.<br>2. In Kangaroo closure motion, only important clauses are debated and voted.<br>3. Removal of the President of India comes under a substantive motion.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> A subsidiary motion depends on the original motion and has no meaning by itself.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> In Kangaroo Closure the presiding officer selects only certain (important) clauses for debate and voting, the rest being treated as passed \u2014 a form of closure under Chapter XXVII (Rule 362).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT.<\/b> Removal of the President (impeachment under Article 61) is a self-contained proposition and is a substantive motion.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 68,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: Questions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding Question Hour and Zero Hour:<br>1. Zero Hour is not mentioned in the Rules of Procedure.<br>2. Unstarred questions cannot have supplementary questions.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> Zero Hour is an informal device not mentioned in the Rules of Procedure (the codified device closest to it is Rule 377).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> An unstarred question gets a written answer only. <b>Rule 39(1):<\/b> such an answer <i>\"shall be deemed to have been laid on the Table at the end of the Question Hour ...\"<\/i> \u2014 there is no oral reply and therefore no supplementary (which under Rule 50(1) can be asked only where an oral answer \"has been given\").`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 69,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. The Presiding Officer of a House does not vote in the first instance.<br>2. The Presiding Officer can permit a member to address the House in his\/her mother tongue.<br>3. The Attorney General can take part in the proceedings as well as vote in both Houses due to constitutional nature of the post.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Article 100(1):<\/b> the presiding officer <i>\"shall not vote in the first instance, but shall have and exercise a casting vote in the case of an equality of votes.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> A member may address the House in Hindi or English, or in a mother tongue with the permission of the Chair (Article 120).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT. Article 88:<\/b> the Attorney-General has the right to speak in, and take part in the proceedings of, either House and any Committee \u2014 <i>\"but shall not by virtue of this article be entitled to vote.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 70,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Misc.',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is correct regarding the lapse of bills on the dissolution of the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Pending assurances that are to be examined by the Committee on Government Assurances do not lapse.\",\r\n      \"A bill passed by the Lok Sabha but pending in the Rajya Sabha does not lapse.\",\r\n      \"A bill pending in the Rajya Sabha but not passed by the Lok Sabha lapses.\",\r\n      \"All pending assurances that are to be examined by the Committee on Government Assurances lapse on the dissolution of the Lok Sabha.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Answer as per official key: C.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>KEY-CONFLICT NOTE:<\/b> On the settled position, option <b>A<\/b> is the correct statement \u2014 pending assurances before the Committee on Government Assurances do <b>not<\/b> lapse on dissolution (this is exactly what Q115 (2016-17) established). By the same doctrine: option B is wrong (a Bill passed by the Lok Sabha but pending in the Rajya Sabha <b>does<\/b> lapse), and option C is wrong (a Bill pending in the Rajya Sabha but not passed by the Lok Sabha does <b>not<\/b> lapse). The official key (C) is inconsistent with that doctrine \u2014 the doctrinally correct answer is <b>A<\/b>. Verify against the department's answer key.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 71,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: Sittings of the House',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. The maximum gap between two sessions of Parliament cannot be more than four months.<br>2. The Presiding Officer can call a sitting of the House at any time after the House has been adjourned sine die.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT. Article 85(1):<\/b> <i>\"... six months shall not intervene between its last sitting in one session and the date appointed for its first sitting in the next session.\"<\/i> \u2014 the maximum gap is six months, not four.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 15(1)<\/b> proviso: <i>\"Provided that the Speaker, if thinks fit, may call a sitting of the House before the date or time to which it has been adjourned or at any time after the House has been adjourned sine die.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 72,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 19: Financial Business',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. An Economy Cut Motion asks the demand for a grant be reduced by \u20b9100.<br>2. The Rajya Sabha cannot move cut motions.<br>3. Disapproval of Policy Cut Motion states that the amount of the demand be reduced to \u20b91.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT. Rule 209(b):<\/b> an Economy Cut is <i>\"'that the amount of the demand be reduced by a specified amount' representing the economy that can be effected ...\"<\/i> \u2014 a specified amount, not a fixed \u20b9100 (the \u20b9100 figure belongs to the Token Cut, Rule 217).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> Demands for Grants are voted only in the Lok Sabha (Article 113), so cut motions cannot be moved in the Rajya Sabha.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT. Rule 209(a):<\/b> a Disapproval of Policy Cut is <i>\"'that the amount of the demand be reduced to Re. 1\/-' representing disapproval of the policy underlying the demand ...\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 73,\r\n    year: '2024',\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 19: Financial Business',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the enactment of the budget in Parliament:<br>1. The Railway Budget used to be presented before the General Budget.<br>2. The Finance Bill must be enacted within 75 days of its introduction.<br>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> Until the two Budgets were merged in 2017, the Railway Budget was presented separately, a few days before the General Budget.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> The Finance Bill must be passed by Parliament (and receive assent) within 75 days of its introduction \u2014 the deadline flowing from the Provisional Collection of Taxes framework and the annual financial-business timetable. (Rule 219 governs the procedure for the Financial Bill; Rule 221 requires timely completion of financial business.)`\r\n  }\r\n,\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===================== 2025 =====================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 20,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 20,\r\n    chapter: 'Constitution \u2014 Union Judiciary',\r\n    status: 'MISSING FROM EXISTING BANK \u2014 newly added',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following Articles of the Constitution of India has the provision regarding appointment of acting Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India?\",\r\n    options: [\"Article 124\",\"Article 126\",\"Article 127\",\"Article 128\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Article 126<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Article 126:<\/b> <i>\"When the office of Chief Justice of India is vacant or when the Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of his office, the duties of the office shall be performed by such one of the other Judges of the Court as the President may appoint for the purpose.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The neighbouring Articles, which supply the distractors:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Article 124<\/b> \u2014 establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court, and appointment of its Judges.<br>\r\n<b>Article 127<\/b> \u2014 appointment of <i>ad hoc<\/i> Judges, where there is no quorum of Judges available to hold or continue a session.<br>\r\n<b>Article 128<\/b> \u2014 attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court.<br><br>\r\n<b>Sequence to memorise: 124 appoint \u2192 126 ACTING Chief Justice \u2192 127 ad hoc Judges \u2192 128 retired Judges.<\/b>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 21,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 21,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: Summons to Members, Seating, Oath or Affirmation and Roll of Members',\r\n    status: 'MISSING FROM EXISTING BANK \u2014 newly added',\r\n    question: \"According to Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Lok Sabha, before taking one's seat, every member of the house shall need to sign in the presence of:\",\r\n    options: [\"the Speaker\",\"the Deputy Speaker\",\"the Secretary-General\",\"the Vice President\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the Secretary-General<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 6:<\/b> <i>\"There shall be a Roll of Members of the House which shall be signed in the presence of the Secretary-General by every member, before taking one's own seat.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the two distinct pre-conditions to taking one's seat, and the different functionaries involved:<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Oath or affirmation<\/b> \u2014 made and subscribed under <b>Article 99<\/b> before the President or some person appointed by him; and under <b>Rule 5<\/b> it may be made at the commencement of a sitting, or at any other time of the sitting, as the Speaker may direct.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Roll of Members<\/b> \u2014 signed in the presence of the <b>Secretary-General<\/b> under <b>Rule 6<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nThis is why the settled answer to the older PYQ runs: a member cannot ask a question in the House unless he has taken the oath AND signed the Roll of Members.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 22,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 22,\r\n    bankId: 201,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons',\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 8(1) of Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Lok Sabha, who fixes the date for the election of Deputy Speaker?\",\r\n    options: [\"Speaker\",\"Secretary-General\",\"Leader of opposition\",\"Vice President\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Speaker<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 8(1):<\/b> <i>\"The election of a Deputy Speaker shall be held on such date as the Speaker may fix, and the Secretary-General shall send to every member notice of this date.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule splits the work between two functionaries and the question turns on the split: the <b>Speaker FIXES<\/b> the date, the <b>Secretary-General only NOTIFIES<\/b> members of it. Option (b) is therefore the intended trap.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 8(2)<\/b> completes the procedure: at any time before noon on the day preceding the date so fixed, any member may give notice in writing addressed to the Secretary-General of a motion that another member be chosen as Deputy Speaker; the notice must be seconded by a third member and accompanied by a statement from the member proposed that he is willing to serve if elected.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 23,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 23,\r\n    bankId: 202,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business',\r\n    question: \"What is the time allotted for the Private Members' business sitting on Friday in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\"The last one hour\",\"The last one and half hour\",\"The last two hours\",\"The last two and half hours\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) The last two and half hours<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 26:<\/b> <i>\"The last two and a half hours of a sitting on Friday shall be allotted for the transaction of private members' business.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Its three provisos:<\/b><br>\r\n(i) the Speaker may allot different Fridays for the disposal of different classes of such business, and on a Friday so allotted business of that class shall have precedence;<br>\r\n(ii) the Speaker may, in consultation with the Leader of the House, allot any day other than a Friday for private members' business;<br>\r\n(iii) if there is no sitting of the House on a Friday, the Speaker may direct that two and a half hours on any other day in the week be allotted for private members' business.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 24,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 24,\r\n    bankId: 203,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: Questions',\r\n    question: \"Unless the Speaker otherwise directs, normally which hour of every sitting shall be available for the asking and answering of questions under Rule 32 of Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\"One hour during any time of every sitting\",\"The first hour of every sitting\",\"The last hour of every sitting\",\"The last two hours of every sitting\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) The first hour of every sitting<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 32:<\/b> <i>\"Unless the Speaker otherwise directs, the first hour of every sitting shall be available for the asking and answering of questions.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis is the \"Question Hour\". Two things in the rule repay attention: it is the FIRST hour, and the words \"unless the Speaker otherwise directs\" make it the norm rather than an absolute \u2014 the Speaker may vary or dispense with it.<br><br>\r\nZero Hour, by contrast, finds no mention in the Rules of Procedure at all; it is an informal device that begins at 12.00 noon, immediately after the Question Hour.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 25,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 25,\r\n    bankId: 204,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: Questions',\r\n    question: \"The Speaker of the House may disallow any question, or a part thereof when in the opinion of the Speaker, :<br>1. It is an abuse of the right of questioning.<br>2. It is calculated to obstruct or prejudicially affect the procedure of the House.<br>3. It is in contravention of these rules.<br>4. It is the matter of public importance.<br>Choose the correct option\/s from the above :\",\r\n    options: [\"1 only\",\"1 and 2 only\",\"1, 2 and 3 only\",\"1, 2, 3 and 4\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 43(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall decide whether a question, or a part thereof, is or is not admissible under these rules and may disallow any question, or a part thereof, when in the opinion of the Speaker, it is an abuse of the right of questioning or is calculated to obstruct or prejudicially affect the procedure of the House or is in contravention of these rules.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule names exactly THREE grounds \u2014 statements 1, 2 and 3 reproduce them.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4 is the trap \u2717<\/b> \u2014 being a matter of public importance is a reason to ADMIT a question; it can never be a ground to disallow one. The paper builds the distractor by appending a true-sounding but inverted fourth limb, a technique it uses again at Q33 and Q35.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 43(2):<\/b> subject to Rule 38, the Speaker may direct that a question be placed on the list for answer on a later date than that specified by the member, if a longer period is necessary to decide admissibility.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 26,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 26,\r\n    bankId: 205,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: Questions',\r\n    question: \"What is the procedure in the Lok Sabha according to Rule 50(3), about discussion during the time for questions under Rule 32 in respect of any question or of any answer given to a question?\",\r\n    options: [\"No discussion\",\"Partial discussion\",\"Full discussion\",\"Short notice discussion\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) No discussion<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 50(3):<\/b> <i>\"No discussion shall be permitted during the time for questions under rule 32 in respect of any question or of any answer given to a question.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nWhat IS permitted during the Question Hour is the supplementary question \u2014 <b>Rule 50(1):<\/b> the member in whose name a question is listed for oral answer, or any other member when called by the Speaker, may ask a supplementary question \"for the purpose of further elucidating any matter of fact regarding which an answer has been given.\" And under <b>Rule 50(2)(ii)<\/b> a supplementary must SEEK information, not give it.<br><br>\r\nWhere an answer needs fuller elucidation, the route is a Half-an-Hour Discussion under <b>Rule 55<\/b> \u2014 which is precisely what the next question in the paper (Q27) goes on to test.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 27,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 27,\r\n    bankId: 206,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: Half-an-Hour Discussions',\r\n    question: \"How much time may the Speaker allot on three sittings in a week, for arising discussion on a matter of sufficient public importance, which has been the subject of a recent question and the answer to which needs elucidation on a matter of fact?\",\r\n    options: [\"15 minutes\",\"Half an hour\",\"45 minutes\",\"One hour\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Half an hour<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may allot half an hour on three sittings in a week, for raising discussion on a matter of sufficient public importance which has been the subject of a recent question, oral or written, and the answer to which needs elucidation on a matter of fact.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe stem is the rule almost word for word, with the quantum removed to the options. Note that the rule carries TWO numbers and the paper has taken the first: <b>half an hour<\/b> of time, on <b>three sittings<\/b> in a week. A question set on the other limb would have \"three\" in the options.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(2):<\/b> notice in writing to the Secretary-General three days in advance. <b>Rule 55(5):<\/b> no formal motion and no voting.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 28,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 28,\r\n    bankId: 207,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: Half-an-Hour Discussions',\r\n    question: \"How many Members are permitted in the Lok Sabha to ask a question each for the purpose of further elucidating any matter of fact?\",\r\n    options: [\"Not more than 4 Members\",\"Not more than 5 Members\",\"Not more than 6 Members\",\"Not more than 7 Members\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Not more than 4 Members<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 55(5):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that not more than four members who have previously intimated to the Secretary-General may be permitted to ask a question each for the purpose of further elucidating any matter of fact.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Explanation to Rule 55(5):<\/b> the request must be made in writing before the sitting commences, and if more than four members apply, <i>\"a ballot shall be held to determine the names of first four members who may be permitted to ask a question each.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Guard against the neighbouring five:<\/b> under the proviso to <b>Rule 197(2)<\/b> the names of not more than FIVE members are shown in the list of business for a Calling Attention. Four for a Half-an-Hour Discussion; five for Calling Attention.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 29,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 29,\r\n    bankId: 208,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 9: Adjournment Motions',\r\n    question: \"How many notices under Rule 57 can a member give for any one sitting?\",\r\n    options: [\"No Member shall give more than one such notice for any one sitting\",\"No Member shall give more than two such notices for any one sitting\",\"No Member shall give more than three such notices for any one sitting\",\"No Member shall give more than four such notices for any one sitting\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) No Member shall give more than one such notice for any one sitting<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 57:<\/b> <i>\"Provided further that no member shall give more than one such notice for any one sitting.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The rest of Rule 57:<\/b> notice of an adjournment motion is given by 10.00 hours on the day on which the motion is proposed to be made, to the Secretary-General, with copies endorsed to (i) the Speaker, (ii) the Minister concerned and (iii) the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs. Where a notice is signed by more than one member it is deemed to have been given by the first signatory only, and where several notices are received on the same subject, priority is determined by ballot.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast Rule 197(1):<\/b> for a Calling Attention, no member may give more than TWO notices for any one sitting. One for an adjournment motion; two for Calling Attention.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 30,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 30,\r\n    bankId: 209,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 10: Legislation',\r\n    question: \"When a Bill is introduced or on some subsequent occasion, the member in-charge may make motions in regard to one's own Bill. Which one of the following motions is <b>not<\/b> correct in this context?\",\r\n    options: [\"That it be taken into consideration\",\"That it be referred to a Select Committee of the House\",\"That it be referred to a Joint Committee of the Houses with the concurrence of the Council\",\"That it be circulated for the purpose to just inform without obtaining opinion thereon\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) \u2014 this motion is NOT among those permitted.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 74:<\/b> <i>\"When a Bill is introduced or on some subsequent occasion, the member in charge may make one of the following motions in regard to one's own Bill, namely:\u2014 (i) that it be taken into consideration; or (ii) that it be referred to a Select Committee of the House; or (iii) that it be referred to a Joint Committee of the Houses with the concurrence of the Council; or (iv) that it be circulated for the purpose of eliciting opinion thereon.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nClause (iv) is circulation <b>FOR THE PURPOSE OF ELICITING OPINION<\/b>. The paper's option (d) reverses exactly that purpose \u2014 circulation \"to just inform without obtaining opinion\" \u2014 and is therefore the odd one out. Options (a), (b) and (c) reproduce clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) faithfully.<br><br>\r\nThe whole question turns on a single phrase; this is the paper's favourite construction and it recurs at Q35 and Q39.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 31,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 31,\r\n    bankId: 210,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 11: Bills seeking to amend the Constitution',\r\n    format: 'RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE',\r\n    question: \"Each clause or Schedule or clause, or Schedule as amended, as the case may be, of a Bill seeking to amend the Constitution shall be put to the vote of the House separately and shall form part of the Bill if it is passed by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of :\",\r\n    options: [\"Not less than one-third of the members present and voting\",\"Not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting\",\"Not less than fifty percent of the members present and voting\",\"Not less than forty percent of the members present and voting\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 155:<\/b> <i>\"Each clause or schedule or clause, or schedule as amended, as the case may be, of a Bill seeking to amend the Constitution shall be put to the vote of the House separately and shall form part of the Bill if it is passed by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two thirds of the members present and voting.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis mirrors <b>Article 368(2)<\/b>. Note the DOUBLE requirement \u2014 a majority of the TOTAL MEMBERSHIP <i>and<\/i> two-thirds of those PRESENT AND VOTING; the stem supplies the first and asks for the second.<br><br>\r\n<b>Two riders worth carrying:<\/b> the last proviso to Rule 155 allows the Short Title, the Enacting Formula and the Long Title to be adopted by a SIMPLE majority; and <b>Rule 158(1)<\/b> requires voting to be by DIVISION whenever a motion has to be carried by such a special majority.<br><br>\r\n<b>FORMAT NOTE:<\/b> the whole rule is recited in the stem and the operative value is moved into the options. See also Q34 and Q37 of this paper, and File 6, which is built entirely on this pattern.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 32,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 32,\r\n    bankId: 211,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 12: Petitions',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following petitions can <b>not<\/b> be presented by a member to the House unless recommended by the President of India?\",\r\n    options: [\"Petition dealing with financial matters\",\"Petition dealing with a Bill which has been published under Rule 64 or which has been introduced in the House\",\"Petition dealing with any matter connected with the business pending before the House\",\"Petition dealing with any matter of general public interest provided that it is not one under Rule 160 (iii) a, b, c, d\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Petition dealing with financial matters<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 160A:<\/b> <i>\"A petition, dealing with any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (f) of clause (1) of article 110 or involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India, shall not be presented to the House unless recommended by the President.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nArticle 110(1)(a) to (f) covers the imposition or regulation of a tax, borrowing, the Consolidated Fund and the Contingency Fund, appropriation, charged expenditure and the receipt or custody of money \u2014 in short, FINANCIAL MATTERS.<br><br>\r\nOptions (b), (c) and (d) are the ordinary categories of petition under <b>Rule 160<\/b>, presentable with the consent of the SPEAKER and needing no recommendation of the President. The paper's option (d) preserves the internal cross-reference to Rule 160(iii), which the residuary category expressly excludes.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 33,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 33,\r\n    bankId: 212,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 13: Resolutions',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following conditions applied to admit a resolution in the Lok Sabha :<br>1. It shall be clearly and precisely expressed.<br>2. It shall raise substantially one definite issue.<br>3. It shall contain arguments and inferences.<br>4. It shall relate to any matter which is under adjudication by a court of law having jurisdiction in any part of India.<br>Which of the above conditions is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 only\",\"1 and 2 only\",\"1, 2 and 3 only\",\"1, 2, 3 and 4\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 173:<\/b> <i>\"In order that a resolution may be admissible, it shall satisfy the following conditions, namely:\u2014 (i) it shall be clearly and precisely expressed; (ii) it shall raise substantially one definite issue; (iii) it shall NOT contain arguments, inferences, ironical expressions, imputations or defamatory statements; (iv) it shall NOT refer to the conduct or character of persons except in their official or public capacity; and (v) it shall NOT relate to any matter which is under adjudication by a court of law having jurisdiction in any part of India.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nStatements 1 and 2 reproduce clauses (i) and (ii) as they stand. <b>Statements 3 and 4 have had the negative STRIPPED OUT<\/b> of clauses (iii) and (v) \u2014 a resolution must NOT contain arguments and inferences, and must NOT relate to a matter under adjudication (the sub judice bar).<br><br>\r\nThe identical technique is applied to motions at Q35 of this paper, and to questions of privilege at Q39.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 34,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 34,\r\n    bankId: 213,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 13: Resolutions',\r\n    format: 'RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE',\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 178 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, what is the time limit permitted for the speech on resolution by the Speaker?\",\r\n    options: [\"Shall not exceed five minutes in duration\",\"Shall not exceed ten minutes in duration\",\"Shall not exceed fifteen minutes in duration\",\"Shall not exceed twenty minutes in duration\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Shall not exceed fifteen minutes in duration<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 178:<\/b> <i>\"No speech on a resolution shall, except with the permission of the Speaker, exceed fifteen minutes in duration: Provided that the mover of a resolution, when moving the same and the Minister concerned when speaking for the first time, may speak for thirty minutes or for such longer time as the Speaker may permit.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two figures in the rule:<\/b> 15 minutes for an ordinary speech, 30 minutes for the mover and for the Minister speaking for the first time \u2014 both extendable with the Speaker's permission. The paper has taken the first; a question set on the second would have \"thirty minutes\" in the options.<br><br>\r\n<b>FORMAT NOTE:<\/b> another rule-recital \u2192 value item. The stem names the rule number and asks only for the quantum.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 35,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 35,\r\n    bankId: 214,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 14: Motions',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following conditions applies for the admissibility of motions in the House?\",\r\n    options: [\"It shall raise substantially one definite issue.\",\"It shall refer to the conduct or character of persons except in their public capacity.\",\"It shall not be restricted to a matter of recent occurrence.\",\"It shall raise a question of privilege.\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) It shall raise substantially one definite issue.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 186:<\/b> <i>\"In order that a motion may be admissible it shall satisfy the following conditions, namely:\u2014 (i) it shall raise substantially one definite issue; (ii) it shall not contain arguments, inferences, ironical expressions, imputations or defamatory statements; (iii) it shall NOT refer to the conduct or character of persons except in their public capacity; (iv) it shall BE RESTRICTED to a matter of recent occurrence; (v) it shall NOT raise a question of privilege.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOption (a) is clause (i) stated correctly. Each of the other three has had a negative added or removed:<br>\r\n(b) drops the \"not\" from clause (iii);<br>\r\n(c) inserts a \"not\" into clause (iv);<br>\r\n(d) drops the \"not\" from clause (v).<br><br>\r\nRead the options for the NEGATIVE first \u2014 in this family of questions the answer is almost always the single clause the Commission has left untouched.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 36,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 36,\r\n    bankId: 215,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 14: Motions',\r\n    question: \"Who among the following decides whether a motion or a part thereof is or is not admissible under the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha and disallow any motion or a part thereof when he\/she is of the opinion that it is an abuse of the right of moving a motion?\",\r\n    options: [\"Speaker\",\"Leader of Opposition\",\"Concerned Minister\",\"Secretary-General\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Speaker<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 187:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall decide whether a motion or a part thereof is or is not admissible under these rules and disallow any motion or a part thereof when the Speaker is of the opinion that it is an abuse of the right of moving a motion or is calculated to obstruct or prejudicially affects the procedure of the House or is in contravention of these rules.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nCompare <b>Rule 43(1)<\/b>, tested at Q25 of this same paper, which vests the identical power in the Speaker in respect of QUESTIONS, in almost identical language. The Commission has set the two limbs of the same idea in one paper \u2014 questions at Q25, motions at Q36 \u2014 and a third limb, resolutions, lies in <b>Rule 174<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 37,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 37,\r\n    bankId: 216,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned',\r\n    format: 'RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE',\r\n    question: \"With reference to the procedure regarding motion of no-confidence in Council of Ministers in Lok Sabha, if the Speaker is of the opinion that the motion is in order, the Speaker shall read the motion to the House and shall request those members who are in favour of leave being granted to rise in their places. Accordingly, the Speaker shall declare that leave is granted and that the motion will be taken up on such day, not being more than ten days from the date on which the leave is asked for as the Speaker may appoint :\",\r\n    options: [\"If not less than fifty members rise in their place\",\"If less than forty-five members rise in their place\",\"If less than forty members rise in their place\",\"If minimum thirty-five members rise in their place\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) If not less than fifty members rise in their place<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(2):<\/b> <i>\"If the Speaker is of opinion that the motion is in order, the Speaker shall read the motion to the House and shall request those members who are in favour of leave being granted to rise in their places, and if not less than fifty members rise accordingly, the Speaker shall declare that leave is granted and that the motion will be taken up on such day, not being more than ten days from the date on which the leave is asked for as the Speaker may appoint. If less than fifty members rise, the Speaker shall inform that the member has not the leave of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe stem reproduces the sub-rule almost in full and removes only the figure. Note that the paper leaves the OTHER number \u2014 \"not more than ten days\" \u2014 inside the stem; a companion question would keep fifty in the stem and put ten days in the options.<br><br>\r\n<b>The three numbers of a no-confidence motion:<\/b> notice by <b>10.00 hours<\/b> (Rule 198(1)(b)); support of <b>50<\/b> members (Rule 198(2)); discussion within <b>10 days<\/b> of leave being asked for (Rule 198(2)).<br><br>\r\n<b>FORMAT NOTE:<\/b> the purest example in this paper of the rule-recital \u2192 value construction.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 38,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 38,\r\n    bankId: 217,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 19: Financial Business',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is correct about the discussion on Budget on the day which it is presented to the House?\",\r\n    options: [\"Discussion with the permission of Speaker on Budget on the day on which it is presented to the House\",\"Discussion with the permission of Deputy Speaker on Budget on the day on which it is presented to the House\",\"Discussion on Budget after getting consent from the Secretary-General on the day on which it is presented to the House\",\"No discussion of the Budget on the day on which it is presented to the House\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) No discussion of the Budget on the day on which it is presented to the House<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 205:<\/b> <i>\"There shall be no discussion of the Budget on the day on which it is presented to the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe bar is absolute \u2014 no permission of the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker or anyone else can lift it, which is what makes options (a), (b) and (c) wrong in the same way.<br><br>\r\nThe general discussion comes later \u2014 <b>Rule 207(1):<\/b> <i>\"On a day to be appointed by the Speaker subsequent to the day on which the Budget is presented ... the House shall be at liberty to discuss the Budget as a whole or any question of principle involved therein, but no motion shall be moved nor shall the Budget be submitted to the vote of the House.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 39,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 39,\r\n    bankId: 218,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 20: Privileges',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following conditions is <b>not<\/b> correct about the right to raise a question of privilege?\",\r\n    options: [\"Not more than one question shall be raised at the same sitting.\",\"Not less than five questions shall be raised at the same sitting.\",\"The question shall be restricted to a specific matter of recent occurrence.\",\"The matter requires the intervention of the House.\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) \u2014 this condition is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 224:<\/b> <i>\"The right to raise a question of privilege shall be governed by the following conditions, namely:\u2014 (i) not more than one question shall be raised at the same sitting; (ii) the question shall be restricted to a specific matter of recent occurrence; and (iii) the matter requires the intervention of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOptions (a), (c) and (d) are clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) verbatim. Option (b) converts the CEILING of one question into a FLOOR of five and is therefore the odd one out.<br><br>\r\n<b>Supporting rules:<\/b> <b>Rule 222<\/b> \u2014 a member may, with the consent of the Speaker, raise a question involving a breach of privilege; <b>Rule 223<\/b> \u2014 notice in writing to the Secretary-General by 10.00 hours on the day the question is proposed to be raised.`\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 40,\r\n    year: '2025',\r\n    paperQ: 40,\r\n    bankId: 219,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 20: Privileges',\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the Speaker is empowered to give directions about the question of privilege?\",\r\n    options: [\"Rule 225\",\"Rule 226\",\"Rule 227\",\"Rule 228\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Rule 228<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 228<\/b> (marginal note: \"Power of Speaker to give directions\"): <i>\"The Speaker may issue such directions as may be necessary for regulating the procedure in connection with all matters connected with the consideration of the question of privilege either in the Committee of Privileges or in the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The neighbouring rules, which supply the distractors:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 225<\/b> \u2014 mode of raising a question of privilege, and the priority it enjoys;<br>\r\n<b>Rule 226<\/b> \u2014 the House may consider the question itself or refer it to the Committee of Privileges, on a motion;<br>\r\n<b>Rule 227<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"Notwithstanding anything contained in these rules, the Speaker may refer any question of privilege to the Committee of Privileges for examination, investigation or report.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote that Rule 227 and Rule 228 both confer power on the Speaker, but of different kinds \u2014 227 is the power to REFER, 228 the power to give DIRECTIONS. The question asks for the latter.`\r\n  }\r\n];\r\n\r\nconst conceptQuestions =  [\r\n\r\n  \/* ======================================================================\r\n     PART 1 \u2014 Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\r\n     ====================================================================== *\/\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 1, part: 1, partId: 1,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 1: Short Title and Definitions\", rule: \"Rule 2(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Under the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the expression \\\"Finance Minister\\\"\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"includes any Minister\",\r\n      \"means the Minister in charge of the Ministry of Finance only\",\r\n      \"means the Minister in charge of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministers of State in that Ministry\",\r\n      \"is not defined in these rules\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) includes any Minister.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 2(1):<\/b> <i>\"'Finance Minister' includes any Minister.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis is one of the most counter-intuitive definitions in the whole Chapter, and for that reason a favourite. The definition is deliberately wide so that the financial business of the House \u2014 presenting the Budget under Rule 204, replying at the end of the general discussion under Rule 207(2), moving the Finance Bill under Rule 219 \u2014 can be carried by ANY Minister, and does not fail merely because the Finance Minister is unavailable.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the drafting technique.<\/b> Rule 2(1) uses two different verbs, and the difference is examinable in itself:<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>\"MEANS\"<\/b> \u2014 an exhaustive definition, e.g. <i>\"'House' means the House of the People (Lok Sabha)\"<\/i>.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>\"INCLUDES\"<\/b> \u2014 an extending definition, e.g. <i>\"'Finance Minister' includes any Minister\"<\/i> and <i>\"'Secretary-General' \u2026 includes any person for the time being performing the duties of the Secretary-General.\"<\/i><br>\r\nThe one definition that uses BOTH is \"Parliamentary Committee\", which <i>\"means and includes\"<\/i>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 2, part: 1, partId: 2,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 1: Short Title and Definitions\", rule: \"Rule 2(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements about the definition of \\\"Bulletin\\\" in the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha:<br>1. It contains a brief record of the proceedings of the House at each of its sittings.<br>2. It contains information on any matter relating to or connected with the business of the House, or other matter which in the opinion of the Speaker may be included therein.<br>3. It contains information regarding Parliamentary Committees.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 2(1):<\/b> <i>\"'Bulletin' means the Bulletin of the House containing (a) a brief record of the proceedings of the House at each of its sittings; (b) information on any matter relating to or connected with the business of the House or other matter which in the opinion of the Speaker may be included therein; and (c) information regarding Parliamentary Committees.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nAll three limbs are in the definition. Note clause (b)'s residuary width \u2014 <i>\"or other matter which in the opinion of the SPEAKER may be included therein\"<\/i> \u2014 which is what makes the Bulletin the House's general-purpose internal notice board.<br><br>\r\n<b>Where the Bulletin does real work elsewhere in the Rules:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 97<\/b> \u2014 a message from the Council on a Bill passed without amendment is published in the Bulletin if the House is not in session.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 189<\/b> \u2014 an admitted motion for which no date is fixed is notified in the Bulletin under the heading \"No-Day-Yet-Named Motions\".<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 290A<\/b> \u2014 the allocation of time approved by the House is notified in the Bulletin.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 331(3)\u2013(4)<\/b> \u2014 amendments to the rules are promulgated by the Speaker in the Bulletin and come into force on publication there.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the GAZETTE<\/b>, which carries instruments meant to operate outside the House \u2014 an Order under Rule 319, and a Select Committee's report with the Bill as reported under Rule 305.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 3, part: 1, partId: 3,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 1: Short Title and Definitions\", rule: \"Rule 2(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is NOT included within the definition of \\\"Minister\\\" under the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A member of the Cabinet\",\r\n      \"A Minister of State\",\r\n      \"A Deputy Minister\",\r\n      \"A Secretary to the Government of India\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) A Secretary to the Government of India.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 2(1):<\/b> <i>\"'Minister' means a member of the Council of Ministers and includes a member of the Cabinet, a Minister of State, a Deputy Minister or a PARLIAMENTARY SECRETARY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe definition is political, not official. A Secretary to the Government of India is a civil servant; he is not a member of the Council of Ministers and holds no office named in the definition.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the fourth inclusion \u2014 the PARLIAMENTARY SECRETARY<\/b>, which most candidates miss, and the Explanation attached to it:<br>\r\n<b>Explanation to Rule 2(1):<\/b> <i>\"A Parliamentary Secretary who is not a member of the House, is not entitled to attend its sitting.\"<\/i> So a Parliamentary Secretary counts as a \"Minister\" for the purposes of these rules, but that does not by itself give him the right to be present in the Chamber \u2014 membership does.<br><br>\r\n<b>Why the definition matters throughout:<\/b> \"private member\" is defined as <i>\"a member other than a Minister\"<\/i>, so the width of \"Minister\" fixes the width of \"private member\" \u2014 and with it who may bring a private member's Bill (Rule 65), who is barred from the scrutiny Committees (Rules 306, 309, 311, 312B, 318, 324, 331B, 331D), and whose Bill is removed from the Register on appointment as a Minister (Rule 113).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 4, part: 1, partId: 4,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 1: Short Title and Definitions\", rule: \"Rule 2(1) Explanation\",\r\n    question: \"A Parliamentary Secretary who is not a member of the House\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"is entitled to attend the sittings of the House but not to vote\",\r\n      \"is entitled to attend and to speak, but not to vote\",\r\n      \"is not entitled to attend the sittings of the House\",\r\n      \"is entitled to attend only with the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) is not entitled to attend the sittings of the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Explanation to the definition of \"Minister\" in Rule 2(1):<\/b> <i>\"A Parliamentary Secretary who is not a member of the House, is not entitled to attend its sitting.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe Explanation was ADDED by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989, along with the insertion of the words \"and includes a member of the Cabinet\". Its purpose is to make clear that being brought within the definition of \"Minister\" for the working of these rules does not carry with it the right of presence in the Chamber.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the position of a MINISTER proper who is not a member of the House \u2014 Article 88:<\/b> <i>\"Every Minister and the Attorney-General of India shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, either House, any joint sitting of the Houses, and any committee of Parliament of which he may be named a member, but shall not by virtue of this article be entitled to vote.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo a Minister who is not a member of the House may speak there but not vote; a Parliamentary Secretary who is not a member may not even attend. The distinction is precise, and it is exactly the sort of fine point on which this paper is set.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 5, part: 1, partId: 5,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 1: Short Title and Definitions\", rule: \"Rule 2(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Under the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the expression \\\"Leader of the House\\\" means\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Prime Minister, if the Prime Minister is a member of the House, or a Minister who is a member of the House and is nominated by the Prime Minister to function as the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"the Prime Minister in every case\",\r\n      \"the senior-most Minister who is a member of the House\",\r\n      \"a member elected by the members of the ruling party in the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 2(1):<\/b> <i>\"'Leader of the House' means the Prime Minister, if Prime Minister is a member of the House, or a Minister who is a member of the House and is nominated by the Prime Minister to function as the Leader of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo conditions run through the definition and both are testable: the person must be a <b>MEMBER OF THE HOUSE<\/b>, and where he is not the Prime Minister he must be a <b>MINISTER NOMINATED BY THE PRIME MINISTER<\/b>. Where the Prime Minister sits in the Rajya Sabha, he cannot be the Leader of the Lok Sabha; a Minister who is a member of the Lok Sabha is nominated instead.<br><br>\r\n<b>The office carries real work under these rules \u2014 the Speaker acts \"in consultation with the Leader of the House\" in a long list of provisions:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 16<\/b> (time for discussion of the President's Address) \u00b7 <b>Rule 25<\/b> (order of Government business) \u00b7 <b>Rule 26<\/b> second proviso (allotting a day other than Friday for private members' business) \u00b7 <b>Rule 190<\/b> (allotting days for a No-Day-Yet-Named Motion) \u00b7 <b>Rule 208(1)<\/b> (days for demands for grants) \u00b7 <b>Rule 288(1)<\/b> (business referred to the Business Advisory Committee) \u00b7 <b>Rule 319<\/b> (rules for numbering and publishing Orders).<br><br>\r\nAnd under <b>Rule 248(1)<\/b> a secret sitting is fixed by the Speaker only <i>\"on a request made by the Leader of the House.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 6, part: 1, partId: 6,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 1: Short Title and Definitions\", rule: \"Rule 2(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the definition of \\\"Parliamentary Committee\\\" in the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha:<br>1. It is a Committee which is appointed or elected by the House or nominated by the Speaker.<br>2. It works under the direction of the Speaker.<br>3. It presents its report to the House or to the Speaker.<br>4. The Secretariat for it is provided by the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 2(1):<\/b> <i>\"'Parliamentary Committee' means a Committee which is appointed or elected by the House or nominated by the Speaker and which works under the direction of the Speaker and presents its report to the House or to the Speaker and the Secretariat for which is provided by the LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4 is INCORRECT<\/b> \u2014 the Secretariat is provided by the <b>LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT<\/b>, not by the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs. That fourth attribute is not decorative: it is what excludes bodies which otherwise look like committees. A departmental advisory committee serviced by a Ministry is not a Parliamentary Committee at all, however many MPs sit on it.<br><br>\r\n<b>The four attributes, as a set:<\/b> (i) appointed or elected by the House, or nominated by the Speaker; (ii) works under the direction of the SPEAKER \u2014 not of the Government; (iii) reports to the House or to the Speaker; (iv) serviced by the Lok Sabha Secretariat.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 253<\/b> carries this definition into Chapter XXVI: <i>\"In this Chapter, unless the context otherwise requires, 'Committee' means and includes 'Parliamentary Committee' as defined in sub-rule (1) of rule 2.\"<\/i> So the whole Committee system rests on this one definition.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 7, part: 1, partId: 7,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 1: Short Title and Definitions\", rule: \"Rule 2(1)\",\r\n    question: \"\\\"Precincts of the House\\\", as defined in the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, means and includes\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Chamber only\",\r\n      \"the Chamber and the Lobbies only\",\r\n      \"the Chamber, the Lobbies, the Galleries and such other places as the Speaker may from time to time specify\",\r\n      \"the entire Parliament House Complex\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 2(1):<\/b> <i>\"'precincts of the House' means and includes the Chamber, the Lobbies, the Galleries and such other places as the SPEAKER MAY FROM TIME TO TIME SPECIFY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe definition is not closed: the last limb lets the Speaker extend it, which is why it says \"means AND includes\".<br><br>\r\n<b>The related definition \u2014 \"Lobby\":<\/b> <i>\"'Lobby' means the covered corridor immediately adjoining the Chamber and coterminous with it.\"<\/i> Note \"coterminous with it\" \u2014 the Lobby runs the length of the Chamber and no further.<br><br>\r\n<b>Why the expression matters \u2014 it is the operative term in several rules:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 232:<\/b> <i>\"No arrest shall be made within the precincts of the House without obtaining the permission of the Speaker.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 233:<\/b> <i>\"A legal process, civil or criminal, shall not be served within the precincts of the House without obtaining the permission of Speaker.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 374A(2):<\/b> a member automatically suspended shall forthwith withdraw from the precincts of the House.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 267:<\/b> the sittings of a Committee are held within the precincts of the Parliament House, and a change of venue outside is referred to the Speaker, whose decision is final.<br><br>\r\n<b>Do not confuse \"precincts of the House\" with the \"Well of the House\"<\/b> \u2014 the latter is a term of usage, not defined in Rule 2(1) at all, though it is used in Rule 374A(1).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 8, part: 1, partId: 8,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 1: Short Title and Definitions\", rule: \"Rule 2(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Under the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the expression \\\"member in charge of the Bill\\\" means\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the member who has introduced the Bill, and any Minister in the case of a Government Bill\",\r\n      \"the Minister of the Ministry to which the subject-matter of the Bill relates, in every case\",\r\n      \"the member who has given notice of the Bill, whether or not it has been introduced\",\r\n      \"the member nominated by the Speaker to pilot the Bill\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 2(1):<\/b> <i>\"'member in charge of the Bill' means the member who has introduced the Bill and any Minister in the case of a Government Bill.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo limbs: for a PRIVATE member's Bill the member in charge is the member who introduced it; for a GOVERNMENT Bill it is <b>ANY<\/b> Minister \u2014 not only the Minister who introduced it. The width of the second limb is deliberate, and it is the same technique as <i>\"'Finance Minister' includes any Minister\"<\/i>: Government business must not fail because one particular Minister is absent.<br><br>\r\n<b>The expression is operative throughout Chapter X:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 74<\/b> \u2014 the member in charge may move that the Bill be taken into consideration, or referred to a Select Committee, or to a Joint Committee with the concurrence of the Council, or circulated for eliciting opinion.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 77(1)(b)<\/b> \u2014 he may move that the Bill as reported be re-committed.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 303(3)<\/b> \u2014 a Select Committee may recommend to him that his next motion be for circulation or re-circulation.<br><br>\r\n<b>And note Rule 113:<\/b> a private member's Bill is removed from the Register of Bills pending in the House if the member in charge ceases to be a member, or is appointed a Minister.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 9, part: 1, partId: 9,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 1: Short Title and Definitions\", rule: \"Rule 2(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following pairs of expression and the meaning assigned to it by the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha:<br>1. \\\"Council\\\" \u2014 the Council of States (Rajya Sabha)<br>2. \\\"Houses\\\" \u2014 the Council of States and the House of the People<br>3. \\\"Table\\\" \u2014 the Table of the House<br>4. \\\"Gazette\\\" \u2014 the Gazette of the Lok Sabha Secretariat<br>Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 2(1)<\/b> defines each of these:<br>\r\n<i>\"'Council' means the Council of States (Rajya Sabha)\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>\"'Houses' means the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha)\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>\"'Table' means the Table of the House\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Pair 4 is wrongly matched \u2717<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"'Gazette' means the GAZETTE OF INDIA.\"<\/i> There is no \"Gazette of the Lok Sabha Secretariat\".<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the careful distinction between \"House\" and \"Houses\" \u2014 singular and plural are different defined terms:<\/b><br>\r\n<i>\"'House' means the House of the People (Lok Sabha)\"<\/i> \u2014 so wherever these rules say \"the House\" they mean the Lok Sabha alone.<br>\r\n<i>\"'Houses'\"<\/i> means both. Read Rule 16 with this in mind: the Speaker allots time for discussion of the President's Address <i>\"to the HOUSES\"<\/i> \u2014 because Article 87(1) requires the President to address both Houses assembled together.<br><br>\r\n<b>And \"member\" is defined equally narrowly:<\/b> <i>\"'member' means a member of the House of the People (Lok Sabha).\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 10, part: 1, partId: 10,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 1: Short Title and Definitions\", rule: \"Rule 2(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Under the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the expression \\\"Lok Sabha Secretariat\\\" means and includes\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Lok Sabha Secretariat at Delhi only\",\r\n      \"the Lok Sabha Secretariat at Delhi and the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs\",\r\n      \"the Lok Sabha Secretariat at Delhi and the Rajya Sabha Secretariat\",\r\n      \"the Lok Sabha Secretariat at Delhi and any Camp Office set up outside Delhi for the time being for, or under the authority of, the Speaker\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 2(1):<\/b> <i>\"'Lok Sabha Secretariat\/Secretariat' means and includes the Lok Sabha Secretariat at Delhi and any CAMP OFFICE set up outside Delhi for the time being for, or under the authority of, the Speaker.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe Camp Office limb is the point of the question, and it is easily missed. Its practical use is that anything the rules require to be done at, by or through the Secretariat can validly be done at a Camp Office \u2014 for instance the receipt of a resignation letter, whose date of effect under <b>Rule 257(4)<\/b> is <i>\"the date of receipt of the letter in the Lok Sabha Secretariat\"<\/i> where the letter bears no date.<br><br>\r\n<b>The companion definition \u2014 \"Secretary-General\":<\/b> <i>\"'Secretary-General' means the Secretary-General to the House of the People (Lok Sabha) and INCLUDES ANY PERSON FOR THE TIME BEING PERFORMING THE DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL.\"<\/i> Again an extending definition, so that the many functions cast on him \u2014 issuing summons (Rule 3), receiving notices (Rules 34, 57, 185, 193, 200, 223), signing witness summonses (Rule 269(1)), preparing the list of business (Rule 31(1)) \u2014 do not fail in his absence.<br><br>\r\n<b>And note the fourth attribute of a \"Parliamentary Committee\":<\/b> its Secretariat is provided by this Secretariat \u2014 which is why a committee serviced by a Ministry is not a Parliamentary Committee.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 11, part: 1, partId: 11,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 1: Short Title and Definitions\", rule: \"Rule 2(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to the expressions defined in the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"\\\"private member\\\" means a member other than a Minister\",\r\n      \"\\\"member\\\" means a member of the House of the People (Lok Sabha)\",\r\n      \"\\\"Secretary-General\\\" means the Secretary-General to the House of the People and includes any person for the time being performing the duties of the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"\\\"Speaker\\\" means the Speaker of the House of the People and includes the Deputy Speaker when presiding\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) \u2014 there is NO such definition of \"Speaker\" in Rule 2(1).<\/b><br><br>\r\nRule 2(1) does not define \"Speaker\" at all. The result the option describes is reached by a different route altogether \u2014 <b>Rule 10:<\/b> <i>\"The Deputy Speaker or any other member competent to preside over a sitting of the House under the Constitution or these rules shall, when so presiding, have the same powers as the Speaker when so presiding and ALL REFERENCES TO THE SPEAKER IN THESE RULES SHALL IN THESE CIRCUMSTANCES BE DEEMED TO BE REFERENCES TO ANY SUCH PERSON SO PRESIDING.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo the substitution is effected by a DEEMING PROVISION in Chapter III, not by a definition in Chapter I. The distinction matters: Rule 10 operates only <i>\"when so presiding\"<\/i>, and it extends to any member of the Panel of Chairpersons as well as to the Deputy Speaker.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are verbatim from Rule 2(1):<\/b><br>\r\n<i>\"'private member' means a member other than a Minister\"<\/i> (A \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>\"'member' means a member of the House of the People (Lok Sabha)\"<\/i> (B \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>\"'Secretary-General' means the Secretary-General to the House of the People (Lok Sabha) and includes any person for the time being performing the duties of the Secretary-General\"<\/i> (C \u2713)`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 12, part: 1, partId: 12,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 1: Short Title and Definitions\", rule: \"Rule 2(2)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 2(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, words and expressions used in the Constitution and also in these rules shall, unless the context otherwise requires,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"have the meanings assigned to them in these rules\",\r\n      \"have such meanings as the Speaker may from time to time assign to them\",\r\n      \"have the meanings assigned to them in the Constitution\",\r\n      \"be construed in accordance with the General Clauses Act, 1897\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) have the meanings assigned to them in the Constitution.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 2(2):<\/b> <i>\"Words and expressions used in the Constitution and also in these rules shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meanings assigned to them in the CONSTITUTION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule establishes the hierarchy: where an expression appears in both instruments, the CONSTITUTION governs. The rules are made under Article 118(1) and cannot give a constitutional expression a different meaning.<br><br>\r\n<b>The practical effect, with examples:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 \"Money Bill\" is nowhere defined in Rule 2(1); it takes its meaning from <b>Article 110<\/b>, and that is why Rules 96 to 111 can use the term without defining it.<br>\r\n\u2022 \"Session\", \"prorogue\" and \"dissolution\" take their meaning from <b>Article 85<\/b>.<br>\r\n\u2022 \"Quorum\" takes its meaning from <b>Article 100(3)<\/b> for the House \u2014 which is why the Rules fix a quorum only for COMMITTEES, in Rule 259(1).<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the escape clause in both sub-rules \u2014 \"unless the context otherwise requires\".<\/b> It appears in Rule 2(1) and again in Rule 2(2), and again in Rule 253 for Chapter XXVI. A definition yields where the context demands.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 13, part: 1, partId: 13,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 1: Short Title and Definitions\", rule: \"Rule 2(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 2(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the expression \\\"Lobby\\\" means\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the corridor leading to the Central Hall of Parliament House\",\r\n      \"the covered corridor immediately adjoining the Chamber and coterminous with it\",\r\n      \"the area reserved for members outside the Chamber, including the Galleries\",\r\n      \"any place within the precincts of the House specified by the Speaker\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the covered corridor immediately adjoining the Chamber and coterminous with it.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 2(1):<\/b> <i>\"'Lobby' means the covered corridor immediately adjoining the Chamber and coterminous with it.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThree limiting words do the work \u2014 <b>COVERED<\/b>, <b>IMMEDIATELY ADJOINING<\/b> the Chamber, and <b>COTERMINOUS<\/b> with it. The Lobby is therefore precisely bounded: it runs the length of the Chamber and no further.<br><br>\r\nOption (d) describes the wider expression <b>\"precincts of the House\"<\/b>, which <i>\"means and includes the Chamber, the Lobbies, the Galleries and such other places as the Speaker may from time to time specify.\"<\/i> The Lobby is one component of the precincts, not a synonym for it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Why the Lobby is separately defined \u2014 it is operative in two contexts:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>DIVISION. Rule 367(3):<\/b> where the Speaker's opinion on a voice vote is challenged, he orders that <b>the Lobby be cleared<\/b>; after an interval of three minutes and thirty seconds he puts the question a second time and directs the votes to be recorded.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>SECRET SITTING. Rule 248(2):<\/b> when the House sits in secret, no stranger shall be present in the <b>Chamber, Lobby or Galleries<\/b> \u2014 save that members of the Council may be in their Gallery and persons authorised by the Speaker may be present.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 14, part: 1, partId: 14,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 2: Summons to Members, Seating, Oath or Affirmation and Roll of Members\", rule: \"Rule 3\",\r\n    question: \"The summons to each member specifying the date and place for a session of the House is issued by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the President\",\r\n      \"the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the Secretary-General.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 3:<\/b> <i>\"The Secretary-General shall issue a summons to each member specifying the date and place for a session of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Keep the two acts apart \u2014 this is the whole question:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>SUMMONING the House<\/b> is the PRESIDENT's constitutional act. <b>Article 85(1):<\/b> <i>\"The President shall from time to time summon each House of Parliament to meet at such time and place as he thinks fit ...\"<\/i><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>ISSUING THE SUMMONS to each member<\/b> is the SECRETARY-GENERAL's ministerial act under Rule 3. He is giving effect to the President's decision, not taking it.<br><br>\r\nThe same division of labour runs through these Chapters. Under <b>Rule 7(1)<\/b> the date of the Speaker's election is fixed by the PRESIDENT and the Secretary-General merely <i>\"shall send to every member notice of this date\"<\/i>; under <b>Rule 8(1)<\/b> the Deputy Speaker's election date is fixed by the SPEAKER and again the Secretary-General only notifies. The functionary who DECIDES and the functionary who COMMUNICATES are always distinguished, and the paper is repeatedly set on that distinction.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 15, part: 1, partId: 15,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 2: Summons to Members, Seating, Oath or Affirmation and Roll of Members\", rule: \"Rule 3 proviso\",\r\n    question: \"Where a session of the House is called at short notice or emergently, and summons is not issued to each member separately, which of the following are provided for by the rules?<br>1. An announcement of the date and place of the session shall be published in the Gazette.<br>2. An announcement of the date and place of the session shall be made in the press.<br>3. Members may be informed by telegram.<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 3:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that when a session is called at short notice or emergently, summons may not be issued to each member separately but an announcement of the date and place of the session shall be published in the GAZETTE and made in the PRESS, and members may be informed by TELEGRAM.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nAll three modes are in the proviso. Note the difference in obligation between them: publication in the Gazette and the press is mandatory \u2014 <i>\"SHALL be published \u2026 and made\"<\/i> \u2014 while the telegram is permissive, <i>\"members MAY be informed by telegram\"<\/i>.<br><br>\r\n<b>A point of substance worth carrying:<\/b> the proviso disposes of the notion that an \"emergency session\" follows a different constitutional procedure. It does not. The House is summoned by the President under Article 85(1) in every case; what the proviso relaxes is only the MANNER OF INTIMATION to members. This is exactly the ground on which a previous year's question was set, and the answer there was that the procedure for summoning is the same for an emergency session as for a regular one.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 16, part: 1, partId: 16,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 2: Summons to Members, Seating, Oath or Affirmation and Roll of Members\", rule: \"Rule 4\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 4 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the members of the Lok Sabha shall sit in such order as may be determined by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"the respective party leaders\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 4:<\/b> <i>\"The members shall sit in such order as the Speaker may determine.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe whole of Chapter II's seating provision is that single sentence \u2014 one of the shortest rules in the book, and worth knowing precisely for that reason. The allotment of seats is an administrative function of the Chair; it is not a matter for negotiation between parties, though in practice the Speaker allots blocks having regard to party strengths.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Speaker's unqualified control of the Chamber runs through several rules:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 373<\/b> \u2014 he may direct a member whose conduct is grossly disorderly to withdraw immediately, and that member shall remain absent for the remainder of the day's sitting.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 375<\/b> \u2014 in the case of grave disorder he may adjourn the House or suspend any sitting for a time to be named by him.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 378<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"The Speaker shall preserve order and shall have all powers necessary for the purpose of enforcing own decisions.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 2(1)<\/b> \u2014 the \"precincts of the House\" extend to <i>\"such other places as the Speaker may from time to time specify.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 17, part: 1, partId: 17,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 2: Summons to Members, Seating, Oath or Affirmation and Roll of Members\", rule: \"Rule 5\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the making of an oath or affirmation by a member of the Lok Sabha under the rules:<br>1. It may be made at the commencement of a sitting of the House.<br>2. It may be made at any other time of the sitting of the House, as the Speaker may direct.<br>3. It requires previous notice in writing to the Secretary-General.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 5:<\/b> <i>\"A member who has not already made and subscribed an oath or affirmation, in pursuance of article 99 of the Constitution, may do so at the COMMENCEMENT OF A SITTING of the House, or at ANY OTHER TIME OF THE SITTING of the House, AS THE SPEAKER MAY DIRECT, on any day after giving PREVIOUS NOTICE IN WRITING TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nAll three limbs are in the rule. Note that the flexibility of timing is not the member's \u2014 it is exercised <i>\"as the Speaker may direct\"<\/i> \u2014 and that the previous written notice goes to the SECRETARY-GENERAL.<br><br>\r\n<b>The constitutional source \u2014 Article 99:<\/b> <i>\"Every member of either House of Parliament shall, before taking his seat, make and subscribe before the President, or some person appointed in that behalf by him, an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two functionaries, which must not be mixed up:<\/b> the oath is made <b>BEFORE THE PRESIDENT<\/b> or a person appointed by him (Article 99); the Roll is signed <b>IN THE PRESENCE OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b> (Rule 6); and the previous notice under Rule 5 goes to the Secretary-General.<br><br>\r\n<b>Article 104<\/b> supplies the sanction: a person who sits or votes before complying with Article 99 is liable to a penalty of five hundred rupees for each day on which he so sits or votes.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 18, part: 1, partId: 18,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 2: Summons to Members, Seating, Oath or Affirmation and Roll of Members\", rule: \"Rule 6\",\r\n    question: \"There shall be a Roll of Members of the House which shall be signed by every member\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in the presence of the Speaker, before taking one's own seat\",\r\n      \"in the presence of the Secretary-General, at any time during the session\",\r\n      \"in the presence of the Secretary-General, before taking one's own seat\",\r\n      \"in the presence of the person before whom the oath or affirmation has been made\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) in the presence of the Secretary-General, before taking one's own seat.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 6:<\/b> <i>\"There shall be a Roll of Members of the House which shall be signed IN THE PRESENCE OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL by every member, BEFORE TAKING ONE'S OWN SEAT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nBoth limbs are examinable, and the option that gets the functionary right but the timing wrong (option c) is the natural trap.<br><br>\r\n<b>The two pre-conditions to taking one's seat, side by side:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>OATH OR AFFIRMATION<\/b> \u2014 <b>Article 99<\/b>, made before the <b>PRESIDENT<\/b> or a person appointed by him; the manner and timing in the House are governed by <b>Rule 5<\/b>.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>SIGNING THE ROLL<\/b> \u2014 <b>Rule 6<\/b>, in the presence of the <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nUntil BOTH are done a member may neither sit nor vote, and <b>Article 104<\/b> imposes a penalty of five hundred rupees for each day on which he does so in breach.<br><br>\r\n<b>What flows from this:<\/b> a member who has not taken the oath and signed the Roll cannot ask a question, cannot take part in the proceedings, and cannot vote \u2014 the settled answer to a much-repeated previous year's question.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 19, part: 1, partId: 19,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 2: Summons to Members, Seating, Oath or Affirmation and Roll of Members\", rule: \"Rule 5 and Article 99\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. A member of the Lok Sabha makes and subscribes the oath or affirmation before the President or some person appointed in that behalf by him.<br>2. The form of the oath or affirmation is set out in the Third Schedule to the Constitution.<br>3. A member who sits or votes before making the oath or affirmation is liable to a penalty for each day on which he so sits or votes.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 and 2 \u2014 Article 99:<\/b> <i>\"Every member of either House of Parliament shall, before taking his seat, make and subscribe BEFORE THE PRESIDENT, OR SOME PERSON APPOINTED IN THAT BEHALF BY HIM, an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the THIRD SCHEDULE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3 \u2014 Article 104:<\/b> a person who sits or votes as a member of either House before complying with Article 99, or when he knows he is not qualified or is disqualified, or when he is prohibited by law from doing so, <i>\"shall be liable in respect of each day on which he so sits or votes to a penalty of five hundred rupees to be recovered as a debt due to the Union.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 5<\/b> is the House's machinery for Article 99 \u2014 it fixes when in the sitting the oath may be made and requires previous notice in writing to the Secretary-General. <b>Rule 6<\/b> adds the second pre-condition, the Roll of Members.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the drafting of Article 99 \u2014 \"before taking his seat\".<\/b> Election makes a person a member (with salary and privileges); the oath and the Roll are what entitle him to TAKE HIS SEAT and to participate. That distinction is the substance of a repeatedly-asked question.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 20, part: 1, partId: 20,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 2: Summons to Members, Seating, Oath or Affirmation and Roll of Members\", rule: \"Rule 5\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"A member of the Lok Sabha who has not already made and subscribed an oath or affirmation, in pursuance of article 99 of the Constitution, may do so at the commencement of a sitting of the House, or at any other time of the sitting of the House, as the Speaker may direct, on any day after giving previous notice in writing to :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the Secretary-General.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 5:<\/b> <i>\"A member who has not already made and subscribed an oath or affirmation, in pursuance of article 99 of the Constitution, may do so at the commencement of a sitting of the House, or at any other time of the sitting of the House, as the Speaker may direct, on any day AFTER GIVING PREVIOUS NOTICE IN WRITING TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Three functionaries appear in this one sentence, and the question turns on keeping them apart:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 The oath itself is made <b>BEFORE THE PRESIDENT<\/b>, or some person appointed by him \u2014 <b>Article 99<\/b>.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>WHEN<\/b> in the sitting it may be made is <i>\"as the SPEAKER may direct.\"<\/i><br>\r\n\u2022 The <b>PREVIOUS NOTICE IN WRITING<\/b> goes to the <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 6<\/b> adds the second pre-condition to taking one's seat: <i>\"There shall be a Roll of Members of the House which shall be signed IN THE PRESENCE OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL by every member, before taking one's own seat.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nUntil both are done a member may neither sit nor vote, and <b>Article 104<\/b> imposes a penalty of five hundred rupees for each day on which he does so in breach.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 21, part: 1, partId: 21,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons\", rule: \"Rule 7(1)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 7(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the election of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha shall be held on such date as may be fixed by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the President\",\r\n      \"the Speaker of the outgoing House\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"the Leader of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the President.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 7(1):<\/b> <i>\"The election of a Speaker shall be held on such date as the PRESIDENT MAY FIX, and the Secretary-General shall send to every member notice of this date.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The reason is structural.<\/b> The Speaker's election takes place at the commencement of a new House, when there is no Speaker in office to fix anything \u2014 so the President fixes the date, and a Speaker pro tem presides over the election.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast Rule 8(1) for the Deputy Speaker:<\/b> <i>\"The election of a Deputy Speaker shall be held on such date as the SPEAKER MAY FIX ...\"<\/i> By then there IS a Speaker, so the House's own presiding officer fixes the date and the President has no part in it.<br><br>\r\n<b>This pair \u2014 Rule 7(1) v. Rule 8(1) \u2014 is set directly.<\/b> It was paper Q22 of 2025, where the answer was the Speaker for the DEPUTY Speaker's election. Fix both halves:<br>\r\n<b>SPEAKER's election \u2192 date fixed by the PRESIDENT (Rule 7(1)).<\/b><br>\r\n<b>DEPUTY SPEAKER's election \u2192 date fixed by the SPEAKER (Rule 8(1)).<\/b><br>\r\nIn both cases the Secretary-General only SENDS NOTICE of the date to every member \u2014 he fixes nothing.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 22, part: 1, partId: 22,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons\", rule: \"Rule 7(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Notice of a motion that a member be chosen as the Speaker of the House may be given at any time before\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"noon on the day preceding the date fixed for the election\",\r\n      \"noon on the date fixed for the election\",\r\n      \"10.00 hours on the date fixed for the election\",\r\n      \"the commencement of the sitting on the date fixed for the election\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) noon on the day preceding the date fixed for the election.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 7(2):<\/b> <i>\"At any time BEFORE NOON ON THE DAY PRECEDING THE DATE SO FIXED, any member may give notice in writing, addressed to the Secretary-General, of a motion that another member be chosen as the Speaker of the House, and the notice shall be SECONDED BY A THIRD MEMBER and shall be accompanied by a STATEMENT BY THE MEMBER WHOSE NAME IS PROPOSED in the notice that the member proposed is WILLING TO SERVE as Speaker, if elected.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 8(2)<\/b> is in identical terms for the Deputy Speaker.<br><br>\r\nFour requirements are packed into the sub-rule, and any of them can be the point of a question: (i) the deadline \u2014 <b>noon on the preceding day<\/b>; (ii) notice <b>in writing to the Secretary-General<\/b>; (iii) <b>seconded by a third member<\/b>; (iv) accompanied by the proposed member's <b>statement of willingness<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Guard against the 10.00-hour deadline<\/b>, which belongs to a different family of notices altogether \u2014 adjournment motions (Rule 57), questions of privilege (Rule 223) and no-confidence motions (Rule 198(1)(b)). The election notice deadline is <b>NOON ON THE PRECEDING DAY<\/b>, and it is unique to Rules 7(2) and 8(2).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 23, part: 1, partId: 23,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 7(2)\",\r\n    question: \"In relation to a motion that a member be chosen as the Speaker of the House, which of the following are prohibited?<br>1. A member proposing one's own name<br>2. A member seconding a motion proposing the member's own name<br>3. A member proposing or seconding more than one motion<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 7(2):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that a member shall NOT PROPOSE ONE'S OWN NAME, or SECOND A MOTION PROPOSING THE MEMBER'S OWN NAME, or PROPOSE OR SECOND MORE THAN ONE MOTION.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>The proviso to Rule 8(2)<\/b> is in identical terms for the Deputy Speaker.<br><br>\r\nAll three prohibitions are in the proviso. Their combined effect is that a candidature must be sponsored by OTHERS \u2014 a member cannot put himself forward \u2014 and that no member can spread his support across rival candidates, since he may propose or second only ONE motion in all.<br><br>\r\n<b>Read the proviso with the requirement in the main sub-rule<\/b> that the notice be accompanied by a statement from the member proposed that he is <i>willing to serve if elected<\/i>. Between them, the two ensure that every candidate has (i) a proposer, (ii) a seconder, and (iii) his own consent \u2014 three separate people's acts, one of them the candidate's.<br><br>\r\n<b>The mechanics that follow \u2014 Rule 7(4):<\/b> the motions moved and duly seconded are put ONE BY ONE in the order in which they were moved and decided, if necessary, by division; and if any motion is carried, the person presiding declares the result <b>WITHOUT PUTTING THE LATER MOTIONS<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 24, part: 1, partId: 24,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons\", rule: \"Rule 7(4)\",\r\n    question: \"Where several motions for the election of the Speaker have been moved and duly seconded, and one of them is carried, the person presiding shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"put the remaining motions to the House and declare the result of each\",\r\n      \"direct a fresh ballot among the remaining candidates\",\r\n      \"adjourn the sitting and report the result to the President\",\r\n      \"without putting later motions, declare that the member proposed in the motion which has been carried has been chosen as the Speaker\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 7(4):<\/b> <i>\"The motions which have been moved and duly seconded shall be PUT ONE BY ONE IN THE ORDER IN WHICH THEY HAVE BEEN MOVED, and decided, if necessary, by division. If any motion is carried, the person presiding shall, WITHOUT PUTTING LATER MOTIONS, declare that the member proposed in the motion which has been carried, has been chosen as the Speaker of the House.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 8(4)<\/b> is in identical terms for the Deputy Speaker.<br><br>\r\nThe scheme is sequential, not comparative. The motions are taken in the ORDER MOVED; the first one carried ends the matter; the rest are never put. There is no run-off, no ballot and no comparison of votes between candidates.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note \"decided, IF NECESSARY, by division.\"<\/b> A division is not automatic \u2014 the ordinary procedure of <b>Rule 367<\/b> applies first: the question is put, the Ayes and Noes are called, and only if the Chair's opinion is challenged is the Lobby cleared and a division held.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 7(3):<\/b> <i>\"A member in whose name a motion stands on the list of business shall, unless makes a statement conveying unwillingness to move the motion, move the motion when called upon to do so\"<\/i> \u2014 with a proviso confining such a statement to conveying that unwillingness, or moving the motion for the decision of the House under sub-rule (4).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 25, part: 1, partId: 25,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons\", rule: \"Rules 7(1) and 8(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following pairs:<br>1. Date for the election of the Speaker \u2014 fixed by the President<br>2. Date for the election of the Deputy Speaker \u2014 fixed by the Speaker<br>3. Notice of the date of election sent to every member \u2014 by the Secretary-General<br>Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 7(1):<\/b> <i>\"The election of a Speaker shall be held on such date as the PRESIDENT may fix, and the SECRETARY-GENERAL shall send to every member notice of this date.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 8(1):<\/b> <i>\"The election of a Deputy Speaker shall be held on such date as the SPEAKER may fix, and the SECRETARY-GENERAL shall send to every member notice of this date.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nAll three pairs are correct. The two sub-rules are identically worded but for the functionary who fixes the date, and that single difference is the reason the pair is examined so often.<br><br>\r\n<b>The logic:<\/b> when the Speaker is to be elected there is no Speaker in office, so the PRESIDENT fixes the date; once there is a Speaker, HE fixes the date for his deputy's election. In both cases the Secretary-General does the same limited thing \u2014 he SENDS NOTICE.<br><br>\r\n<b>The constitutional backdrop \u2014 Article 93:<\/b> <i>\"The House of the People shall, as soon as may be, choose two members of the House to be respectively Speaker and Deputy Speaker thereof and, so often as the office of Speaker or Deputy Speaker becomes vacant, the House shall choose another member to be Speaker or Deputy Speaker, as the case may be.\"<\/i> Rules 7 and 8 are the machinery for that constitutional duty.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 26, part: 1, partId: 26,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons\", rule: \"Rule 9(1)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"At the commencement of the House or from time to time, as the case may be, the Speaker shall nominate from amongst the members a panel of Chairpersons, any one of whom may preside over the House in the absence of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker when so requested; such panel shall consist of not more than :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"five members\",\r\n      \"eight members\",\r\n      \"ten members\",\r\n      \"fifteen members\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) ten members.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 9(1):<\/b> <i>\"At the commencement of the House or from time to time, as the case may be, the Speaker shall nominate from amongst the members a panel of NOT MORE THAN TEN Chairpersons, anyone of whom may preside over the House in the absence of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker when so requested by the Speaker or, in the absence of the Speaker, by the Deputy Speaker.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the amendment history<\/b>, because older material is misleading here: the figure \"ten\" was SUBSTITUTED by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 4.8.1993. Any book or note giving a smaller panel is out of date.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 9(2):<\/b> <i>\"A Chairperson nominated under sub-rule (1) shall hold office UNTIL A NEW PANEL OF CHAIRPERSONS IS NOMINATED.\"<\/i> \u2014 so the Panel is not constituted afresh for each session; it continues until replaced.<br><br>\r\n<b>Guard against the other \"fifteens\" in the Rules<\/b>, which are the natural distractors: the Business Advisory Committee, the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions, the Committee on Papers Laid on the Table, the Committee of Privileges, the Committee on Ethics, the Committee on Subordinate Legislation and the Committee on Government Assurances are all \"not more than fifteen\"; the Committee on Absence of Members and the Rules Committee are a flat \"fifteen\"; and the Committee on Petitions alone is \"NOT LESS THAN fifteen\".`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 27, part: 1, partId: 27,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons\", rule: \"Rule 9(1)\",\r\n    question: \"A member of the panel of Chairpersons may preside over the House\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in the absence of the Speaker alone\",\r\n      \"at any time when requested by the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"in the absence of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker, when so requested by the Speaker or, in the absence of the Speaker, by the Deputy Speaker\",\r\n      \"in the absence of the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker and the Leader of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 9(1):<\/b> a member of the panel may preside <i>\"IN THE ABSENCE OF THE SPEAKER AND THE DEPUTY SPEAKER when so requested by the Speaker or, in the absence of the Speaker, by the Deputy Speaker.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo conditions must both be satisfied, and that is the whole question:<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>BOTH<\/b> the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker must be absent \u2014 a Panel member does not preside merely because the Speaker is away, since the Deputy Speaker then presides.<br>\r\n\u2022 There must be a <b>REQUEST<\/b> \u2014 from the Speaker, or, if the Speaker is absent, from the Deputy Speaker.<br><br>\r\n<b>The order of presiding, therefore:<\/b> <b>SPEAKER \u2192 DEPUTY SPEAKER \u2192 a member of the PANEL OF CHAIRPERSONS.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 10<\/b> completes the position: <i>\"The Deputy Speaker or any other member competent to preside over a sitting of the House under the Constitution or these rules shall, when so presiding, have the SAME POWERS as the Speaker when so presiding and all references to the Speaker in these rules shall in these circumstances be deemed to be references to any such person so presiding.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Do not carry this order across to a JOINT SITTING<\/b>, where it is different: Speaker, Lok Sabha \u2192 Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha \u2192 Deputy Speaker, Lok Sabha \u2192 such other person as the members present may determine (Article 118(4) and the Rules for Joint Sittings).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 28, part: 1, partId: 28,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons\", rule: \"Rule 9(2)\",\r\n    question: \"A Chairperson nominated to the panel of Chairpersons shall hold office\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"for the duration of the session in which the nomination is made\",\r\n      \"for a term not exceeding one year\",\r\n      \"until a new panel of Chairpersons is nominated\",\r\n      \"during the pleasure of the Speaker\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) until a new panel of Chairpersons is nominated.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 9(2):<\/b> <i>\"A Chairperson nominated under sub-rule (1) shall hold office until a new panel of Chairpersons is nominated.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe formula secures CONTINUITY: the House is never without members competent to preside, because the existing Panel holds until its successor is in place. It does not expire with the session, and it carries no fixed term.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the Parliamentary Committees<\/b>, where a term IS fixed \u2014 <i>\"not exceeding one year\"<\/i> in Rules 293(2), 305A(2), 309(2), 311(2), 312B(2), 316A(2), 318(2), 324(2), 325, 331B(2) and 331D(4). Option (b) borrows that figure, which is why it looks plausible.<br><br>\r\n<b>But note the identical continuity technique in Rule 256<\/b>, the residuary rule for Committees: <i>\"A Committee nominated by the Speaker shall, unless otherwise specified in the rules contained in this Chapter, hold office for the period specified by the Speaker OR UNTIL A NEW COMMITTEE IS NOMINATED.\"<\/i> The drafting device is the same \u2014 office continues until replacement.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 9(1)<\/b> also allows nomination <i>\"at the commencement of the House OR FROM TIME TO TIME\"<\/i>, so the Speaker may reconstitute the Panel whenever he thinks fit.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 29, part: 1, partId: 29,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons\", rule: \"Rule 10\",\r\n    question: \"When the Deputy Speaker or any other member competent to do so presides over a sitting of the House, all references to the Speaker in the Rules of Procedure shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"continue to be references to the Speaker alone\",\r\n      \"be construed as the Speaker may direct\",\r\n      \"be deemed to be references to the Speaker and the person presiding jointly\",\r\n      \"be deemed to be references to any such person so presiding\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) be deemed to be references to any such person so presiding.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 10:<\/b> <i>\"The Deputy Speaker or any other member competent to preside over a sitting of the House under the Constitution or these rules shall, WHEN SO PRESIDING, have the same powers as the Speaker when so presiding and ALL REFERENCES TO THE SPEAKER IN THESE RULES SHALL IN THESE CIRCUMSTANCES BE DEEMED TO BE REFERENCES TO ANY SUCH PERSON SO PRESIDING.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis single rule does an enormous amount of work. Without it, every one of the hundreds of powers the Rules confer on \"the Speaker\" would be exercisable by no one in his absence.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the limiting words \"WHEN SO PRESIDING\".<\/b> The substitution operates only while the person is actually in the Chair. It does not transfer to the Deputy Speaker the Speaker's functions performed OUTSIDE a sitting \u2014 for instance appointing Committee Chairpersons under Rule 258(1), issuing directions to a Chairperson under Rule 283(1), or deciding an objection to Committee membership under Rule 255(d).<br><br>\r\n<b>Who is \"competent to preside\":<\/b> the Deputy Speaker (Article 95(1) and Rule 10); a member of the Panel of Chairpersons (Rule 9(1)); and, where both offices are vacant, such person as the President may appoint (Article 95(2)).<br><br>\r\nIt follows that the Speaker does not \"delegate\" his functions to the Deputy Speaker \u2014 the Deputy Speaker presides in his own right, and Rule 10 supplies the powers.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 30, part: 1, partId: 30,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons\", rule: \"Rule 7(3)\",\r\n    question: \"A member in whose name a motion for the election of the Speaker stands on the list of business\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"may decline to move it without making any statement\",\r\n      \"shall move the motion when called upon to do so, unless a statement conveying unwillingness to move it is made\",\r\n      \"shall in every case move the motion when called upon to do so\",\r\n      \"may authorise any other member to move it on his behalf\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 7(3):<\/b> <i>\"A member in whose name a motion stands on the list of business shall, UNLESS MAKES A STATEMENT CONVEYING UNWILLINGNESS TO MOVE THE MOTION, move the motion when called upon to do so.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Proviso:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that such statement shall be confined to, conveying the unwillingness, or moving the motion for decision of the House under sub-rule (4).\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe member is therefore not compelled to move his motion \u2014 but if he declines, he must SAY SO, and the proviso confines what he may say to that bare intimation. He cannot use the occasion for a speech.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 8(3)<\/b> is to the same effect for the Deputy Speaker's election, and adds in terms: <i>\"In either case the member shall confine to making of a statement conveying the intention to move or not to move the motion.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) is the trap<\/b>, because such a facility DOES exist elsewhere \u2014 <b>Rule 176(2)<\/b> lets a member, with the Speaker's permission, authorise another member in whose name the same resolution stands lower in the list to move it on his behalf. There is no equivalent in Rules 7 and 8: a motion for the election of the Speaker must be moved by the member in whose name it stands, or not at all.<br><br>\r\nBoth sub-rules were substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 31, part: 1, partId: 31,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons\", rule: \"Rule 7(2) and 8(2)\",\r\n    question: \"The notice of a motion that a member be chosen as the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker shall be accompanied by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a statement by the member whose name is proposed that the member proposed is willing to serve, if elected\",\r\n      \"the written consent of the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"the signatures of not less than fifty members\",\r\n      \"a declaration by the proposer that he will not propose any other name\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) a statement of willingness by the member proposed.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 7(2):<\/b> the notice <i>\"shall be seconded by a third member and shall be ACCOMPANIED BY A STATEMENT BY THE MEMBER WHOSE NAME IS PROPOSED IN THE NOTICE THAT THE MEMBER PROPOSED IS WILLING TO SERVE AS SPEAKER, IF ELECTED.\"<\/i> <b>Rule 8(2)<\/b> is identical for the Deputy Speaker.<br><br>\r\nThree separate persons are involved in a valid notice \u2014 the <b>PROPOSER<\/b> who gives it, the <b>SECONDER<\/b> (\"a third member\"), and the <b>CANDIDATE<\/b> whose statement of willingness accompanies it. No one of them can do another's part: by the proviso, a member may not propose his own name, nor second a motion proposing his own name, nor propose or second more than one motion.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (c) is drawn from a different rule<\/b> \u2014 the figure of FIFTY belongs to a no-confidence motion under <b>Rule 198(2)<\/b>, where not less than fifty members must RISE IN THEIR PLACES for leave to be granted, and to an adjournment motion under <b>Rule 60(2)<\/b>, where the same fifty must rise if objection to leave is taken. Neither has anything to do with the election of a presiding officer.<br><br>\r\nNote that the willingness statement is required at the NOTICE stage \u2014 before noon on the day preceding the date fixed for the election.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 32, part: 1, partId: 32,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons\", rule: \"Rules 7\u201310\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to Chapter III of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Secretary-General sends to every member notice of the date fixed for the election of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"A member shall not propose or second more than one motion for the election of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"A Chairperson nominated to the panel holds office for a term not exceeding one year\",\r\n      \"A member of the panel of Chairpersons, when presiding, has the same powers as the Speaker\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 9(2):<\/b> <i>\"A Chairperson nominated under sub-rule (1) shall hold office UNTIL A NEW PANEL OF CHAIRPERSONS IS NOMINATED.\"<\/i> There is no term of one year. The \"not exceeding one year\" formula belongs to the Parliamentary Committees in Chapter XXVI, not to the Panel of Chairpersons \u2014 and importing it here is precisely the error the option is built on.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 7(1):<\/b> the election is held on such date as the President may fix, <i>\"and the Secretary-General shall send to every member notice of this date\"<\/i> (A \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 7(2):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that a member shall not propose one's own name, or second a motion proposing the member's own name, or propose or second more than one motion\"<\/i> (B \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>Rule 10:<\/b> any member competent to preside <i>\"shall, when so presiding, have the same powers as the Speaker when so presiding\"<\/i> (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>The lesson:<\/b> \"not exceeding one year\" is a Chapter XXVI formula. Wherever it appears in an option about Chapters I\u2013VI, check the rule before accepting it.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 33, part: 1, partId: 33,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons\", rule: \"Rule 10 and Articles 93\u201395\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. The House of the People shall, as soon as may be, choose two members of the House to be respectively Speaker and Deputy Speaker thereof.<br>2. While the office of Speaker is vacant, the duties of the office shall be performed by the Deputy Speaker.<br>3. The Speaker may resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the Deputy Speaker.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Article 93:<\/b> <i>\"The House of the People shall, as soon as may be, choose two members of the House to be respectively Speaker and Deputy Speaker thereof and, so often as the office of Speaker or Deputy Speaker becomes vacant, the House shall choose another member to be Speaker or Deputy Speaker, as the case may be.\"<\/i> Rules 7 and 8 are the machinery for this.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Article 95(1):<\/b> <i>\"While the office of Speaker is vacant, the duties of the office shall be performed by the Deputy Speaker or, if the office of Deputy Speaker is also vacant, by such member of the House of the People as the President may appoint for the purpose.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3 \u2014 Article 94(b):<\/b> the Speaker resigns <i>\"by writing under his hand addressed to the DEPUTY SPEAKER\"<\/i>, and the Deputy Speaker resigns by writing addressed to the Speaker. Each resigns to the other, so the office never passes through the executive.<br><br>\r\n<b>Article 94<\/b> gives three ways in which the office is vacated: (a) the holder ceases to be a member \u2014 in the Speaker's case, immediately before the first meeting of the House after a dissolution; (b) resignation, as above; (c) removal by a resolution passed by a majority of all the then members, after not less than <b>FOURTEEN DAYS'<\/b> notice \u2014 the machinery for which is <b>Rule 200<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nNote that a MEMBER, by contrast, resigns his seat to the SPEAKER \u2014 Article 101(3)(b) and Rule 240(1).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 34, part: 1, partId: 34,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons\", rule: \"Rule 9(1)\",\r\n    question: \"At what point of time may the Speaker of the Lok Sabha nominate the panel of Chairpersons?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"only at the commencement of the House\",\r\n      \"at the commencement of the House or from time to time, as the case may be\",\r\n      \"only at the commencement of each session\",\r\n      \"only when both the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker fall vacant\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) at the commencement of the House or from time to time, as the case may be.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 9(1):<\/b> <i>\"AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE HOUSE OR FROM TIME TO TIME, AS THE CASE MAY BE, the Speaker shall nominate from amongst the members a panel of not more than ten Chairpersons ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe words leave the timing entirely with the Speaker: he may constitute the Panel at the commencement of a new House, and may reconstitute it whenever he thinks fit. Read with <b>Rule 9(2)<\/b> \u2014 a Chairperson holds office <i>\"until a new panel of Chairpersons is nominated\"<\/i> \u2014 the effect is that the Panel is continuous and is replaced, not renewed session by session.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same opening formula appears in Chapter XXVI<\/b>, and it is worth recognising as a drafting pattern rather than a fact to be memorised separately: <b>Rule 287<\/b> (Business Advisory Committee), <b>Rule 306<\/b> (Committee on Petitions) and <b>Rule 313<\/b> (Committee of Privileges) all begin <i>\"At the commencement of the House, or from time to time, as the case may be, the Speaker shall\/may nominate ...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOption (d) inverts the position: the Panel is nominated in ADVANCE precisely so that someone is available to preside if the Speaker and Deputy Speaker are both absent. Where both OFFICES are vacant, the answer is not the Panel at all but <b>Article 95(2)<\/b> \u2014 such member as the President may appoint.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 35, part: 1, partId: 35,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 4: Sittings of the House\", rule: \"Rule 11\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 11 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a sitting of the House is duly constituted when it is presided over by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker only\",\r\n      \"the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker only\",\r\n      \"the Speaker or any other member competent to preside over a sitting of the House under the Constitution or these rules\",\r\n      \"any member nominated by the Leader of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 11:<\/b> <i>\"A sitting of the House is duly constituted when it is presided over by the Speaker or ANY OTHER MEMBER COMPETENT TO PRESIDE OVER A SITTING OF THE HOUSE under the Constitution or these rules.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule fixes what makes a sitting VALID, and it does so by reference to who is in the Chair. The class of persons competent to preside is drawn from two sources:<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>The Constitution<\/b> \u2014 the Deputy Speaker under <b>Article 95(1)<\/b>, and where both offices are vacant, such member as the President may appoint under <b>Article 95(2)<\/b>.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>These rules<\/b> \u2014 a member of the Panel of Chairpersons under <b>Rule 9(1)<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 10<\/b> then supplies the powers: whoever so presides <i>\"shall, when so presiding, have the same powers as the Speaker\"<\/i>, and all references to the Speaker in the rules are deemed to be references to him.<br><br>\r\n<b>Do not confuse constitution of a sitting with QUORUM.<\/b> They are different requirements from different instruments: Rule 11 is about the CHAIR; <b>Article 100(3)<\/b> is about NUMBERS \u2014 one-tenth of the total number of members of the House. Under <b>Article 100(4)<\/b>, if there is no quorum it is the duty of the person presiding either to adjourn the House or to suspend the meeting until there is a quorum.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 36, part: 1, partId: 36,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 4: Sittings of the House\", rule: \"Rule 12\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 12 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, unless the Speaker otherwise directs, a sitting of the House on any day shall ordinarily commence and conclude, with a lunch break for one hour which may ordinarily be from 13.00 hours to 14.00 hours, respectively at :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"10.00 hours and 17.00 hours\",\r\n      \"11.00 hours and 17.00 hours\",\r\n      \"11.00 hours and 18.00 hours\",\r\n      \"10.00 hours and 18.00 hours\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 11.00 hours and 18.00 hours.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 12:<\/b> <i>\"Unless the Speaker otherwise directs, sitting of the House on any day shall ordinarily commence at 11.00 HOURS and conclude at 18.00 HOURS with a LUNCH BREAK FOR ONE HOUR which may ordinarily be from 13.00 hours to 14.00 hours.\"<\/i> (Substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>Three numbers live in this one rule<\/b>, and any of them can be the value asked for: commencement at <b>11.00<\/b>, conclusion at <b>18.00<\/b>, and a lunch break of <b>ONE HOUR<\/b> ordinarily from <b>13.00 to 14.00<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nNote the two softening expressions \u2014 <i>\"unless the Speaker otherwise directs\"<\/i> and <i>\"ordinarily\"<\/i>. Neither the hours nor the lunch break is absolute.<br><br>\r\n<b>What follows from these hours elsewhere in the Rules:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 32<\/b> \u2014 the FIRST hour of every sitting is the Question Hour, so it ordinarily runs 11.00 to 12.00, and Zero Hour begins at noon.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 26<\/b> \u2014 private members' business takes the LAST two and a half hours of a Friday sitting, so ordinarily 15.30 to 18.00.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 61<\/b> \u2014 the motion \"that the House do now adjourn\" is taken up at <b>16.00 hours<\/b>, or earlier if the Speaker so directs after considering the state of business.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 62<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may put the question on an adjournment motion at <b>18.30 hours<\/b>, or at such other hour not less than two hours thirty minutes from the commencement of the debate.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 37, part: 1, partId: 37,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 4: Sittings of the House\", rule: \"Rule 12\",\r\n    question: \"Unless the Speaker otherwise directs, the lunch break during a sitting of the House is of\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"half an hour, ordinarily from 13.00 hours to 13.30 hours\",\r\n      \"one hour, which may ordinarily be from 13.00 hours to 14.00 hours\",\r\n      \"one hour, which shall in every case be from 13.00 hours to 14.00 hours\",\r\n      \"such duration as the Leader of the House may determine\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) one hour, which may ordinarily be from 13.00 hours to 14.00 hours.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 12:<\/b> <i>\"Unless the Speaker otherwise directs, sitting of the House on any day shall ordinarily commence at 11.00 hours and conclude at 18.00 hours WITH A LUNCH BREAK FOR ONE HOUR WHICH MAY ORDINARILY BE FROM 13.00 HOURS TO 14.00 HOURS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOption (c) is the trap: it gets the duration and the timing right but converts <i>\"MAY ORDINARILY be\"<\/i> into <i>\"shall IN EVERY CASE be\"<\/i>. The whole rule is subject to <i>\"unless the Speaker otherwise directs\"<\/i>, and the break itself is qualified twice over \u2014 by \"may\" and by \"ordinarily\". Nothing in Rule 12 is mandatory.<br><br>\r\n<b>This is a construction the Commission uses constantly:<\/b> take a rule that reads \"may\" or \"ordinarily\" and offer an option that reads \"shall\" or \"in every case\". Compare <b>Rule 91<\/b>, where the difference in verbs is itself the answer \u2014 the Speaker <i>\"if thinks fit, MAY\"<\/i> put clauses together, but on a member's request <i>\"SHALL\"<\/i> put a clause separately.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 13<\/b> governs the DAYS on which the House sits, as distinct from the hours: <i>\"The House shall sit on such days as the Speaker, having regard to the state of business of the House, may from time to time direct.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 38, part: 1, partId: 38,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 4: Sittings of the House\", rule: \"Rule 13\",\r\n    question: \"The House shall sit on such days as may be directed from time to time by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the President, having regard to the advice of the Council of Ministers\",\r\n      \"the Speaker, having regard to the state of business of the House\",\r\n      \"the Leader of the House, in consultation with the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the Speaker, having regard to the state of business of the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 13:<\/b> <i>\"The House shall sit on such days as the SPEAKER, HAVING REGARD TO THE STATE OF BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE, may from time to time direct.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the qualifying phrase \u2014 the discretion is not at large; it is exercised by reference to <b>the state of business<\/b>. The same consideration governs the Speaker elsewhere: under <b>Rule 61<\/b> he may take up the adjournment motion earlier than 16.00 hours <i>\"after considering the state of business in the House\"<\/i>, and under <b>Rule 190<\/b> he allots days for a No-Day-Yet-Named Motion <i>\"after considering the state of business in the House\"<\/i>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Keep the President's functions and the Speaker's apart \u2014 this is the single most examined distinction in Chapter IV:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>PRESIDENT<\/b> \u2014 SUMMONS the House (Article 85(1), with the six-month limit between sessions), PROROGUES it and DISSOLVES it (Article 85(2)).<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>SPEAKER<\/b> \u2014 fixes the DAYS of sitting (Rule 13), the HOURS of sitting (Rule 12), and determines when a sitting is ADJOURNED, including sine die (Rule 15(1)).<br><br>\r\nOption (d) borrows the Business Advisory Committee, whose function under <b>Rule 288(1)<\/b> is to recommend the ALLOCATION OF TIME for business referred to it \u2014 not to decide which days the House sits.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 39, part: 1, partId: 39,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 4: Sittings of the House\", rule: \"Rule 15(1)\",\r\n    question: \"The time when a sitting of the House shall be adjourned sine die, or to a particular day, or to an hour or part of the same day, shall be determined by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the President\",\r\n      \"the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"the House, on a motion made\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 15(1):<\/b> <i>\"The SPEAKER shall determine the time when a sitting of the House shall be adjourned SINE DIE or to a PARTICULAR DAY, or to an HOUR OR PART OF THE SAME DAY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nAll three forms of adjournment are the Speaker's to determine, and adjournment sine die is expressly among them.<br><br>\r\n<b>The distinction that carries marks:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>ADJOURNMENT<\/b>, including sine die \u2014 the <b>SPEAKER<\/b> (Rule 15(1)). The session does NOT end; the House merely stops sitting.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>PROROGATION<\/b> \u2014 the <b>PRESIDENT<\/b> (Article 85(2)(a)). The session ends.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>DISSOLUTION<\/b> \u2014 the <b>PRESIDENT<\/b> (Article 85(2)(b)). The House ceases to exist.<br><br>\r\n<b>Why the distinction is not academic:<\/b> <b>Rule 336<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"A motion, resolution or an amendment, which has been moved and is pending in the House, shall not lapse by reason only of the PROROGATION of the House.\"<\/i> <b>Rule 284<\/b> \u2014 Committee business does not lapse on prorogation either. But on DISSOLUTION, Article 107(5) and Rule 285 apply, and a great deal does lapse.<br><br>\r\nSince adjournment sine die does not end the session, the Speaker can bring the House back \u2014 which is exactly what the proviso to Rule 15(1) provides for.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 40, part: 1, partId: 40,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 4: Sittings of the House\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 15(1)\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker, if he thinks fit, may call a sitting of the House\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"only on the date to which it has been adjourned\",\r\n      \"before the date or time to which it has been adjourned, or at any time after the House has been adjourned sine die\",\r\n      \"only with the previous sanction of the President\",\r\n      \"only on a request made by the Leader of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 15(1):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that the Speaker, if thinks fit, may call a sitting of the House BEFORE THE DATE OR TIME TO WHICH IT HAS BEEN ADJOURNED or AT ANY TIME AFTER THE HOUSE HAS BEEN ADJOURNED SINE DIE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe proviso is the practical proof that adjournment sine die does NOT end a session. Because the session continues, the Speaker can reconvene the House at any time \u2014 without the President summoning it afresh, and without anybody's request.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 15(2)<\/b> supplies the follow-through, and it was ADDED by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989 along with the proviso: <i>\"In case the House, after being adjourned is reconvened under proviso to sub-rule (1), the SECRETARY-GENERAL shall communicate to each member the DATE, TIME, PLACE AND DURATION of the next part of the session.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the four particulars<\/b> the Secretary-General must communicate \u2014 date, time, place AND duration \u2014 and note once again the division of labour: the SPEAKER decides to reconvene; the SECRETARY-GENERAL communicates. The same pattern as Rule 3 (summons), Rule 7(1) and Rule 8(1) (notice of election dates).<br><br>\r\nOption (c) confuses this with the President's power to SUMMON a session under Article 85(1), which is a different act altogether.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 41, part: 1, partId: 41,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 4: Sittings of the House\", rule: \"Rule 15(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Where the House, after being adjourned, is reconvened by the Speaker before the date to which it stood adjourned, the Secretary-General shall communicate to each member\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the date and time of the next part of the session only\",\r\n      \"the date, time and the list of business for the next part of the session\",\r\n      \"the date, time, place and duration of the next part of the session\",\r\n      \"the reasons for reconvening the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the date, time, place and duration of the next part of the session.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 15(2):<\/b> <i>\"In case the House, after being adjourned is reconvened under proviso to sub-rule (1), the Secretary-General shall communicate to each member the DATE, TIME, PLACE AND DURATION of the next part of the session.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nFour particulars, and the two most often forgotten are <b>PLACE<\/b> and <b>DURATION<\/b>. \"Place\" matters because Article 85(1) allows the President to summon the House to meet <i>\"at such time and place as he thinks fit\"<\/i>, and the definition of \"Lok Sabha Secretariat\" in Rule 2(1) contemplates a <b>Camp Office set up outside Delhi<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nNote also the expression <i>\"the next part of the session\"<\/i> \u2014 the drafting confirms that a reconvened House is continuing the SAME session, which is why no fresh summons by the President is needed.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the particulars required in a SUMMONS under Rule 3:<\/b> <i>\"a summons to each member specifying the DATE AND PLACE for a session of the House.\"<\/i> Two particulars there; four here. The difference is worth noting, because a question can be set either way round.<br><br>\r\nSub-rule (2), and the marginal note \"and procedure for reconvening\", were added by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 42, part: 1, partId: 42,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 4: Sittings of the House\", rule: \"Rules 11\u201315\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the sittings of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. The House shall sit on such days as the Speaker, having regard to the state of business of the House, may from time to time direct.<br>2. A sitting of the House ordinarily commences at 11.00 hours and concludes at 18.00 hours, unless the Speaker otherwise directs.<br>3. The Speaker determines the time when a sitting shall be adjourned sine die.<br>4. The Speaker may prorogue the House after it has been adjourned sine die.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 13 \u2713 \u00b7 Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 12 \u2713 \u00b7 Statement 3 \u2014 Rule 15(1) \u2713.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4 is INCORRECT.<\/b> The Speaker cannot prorogue anything. <b>Article 85(2)(a):<\/b> <i>\"The President may from time to time prorogue the Houses or either House.\"<\/i> Prorogation is an act of the President alone, and it is what ENDS a session \u2014 whereas adjournment sine die leaves the session on foot, which is why the proviso to Rule 15(1) lets the SPEAKER call the House back at any time thereafter.<br><br>\r\n<b>The complete division for Chapter IV:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>SPEAKER<\/b> \u2014 days of sitting (Rule 13) \u00b7 hours of sitting (Rule 12) \u00b7 adjournment, including sine die (Rule 15(1)) \u00b7 reconvening (proviso to Rule 15(1)).<br>\r\n<b>PRESIDENT<\/b> \u2014 summoning, with the six-month limit (Article 85(1)) \u00b7 prorogation (Article 85(2)(a)) \u00b7 dissolution (Article 85(2)(b)).<br>\r\n<b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b> \u2014 issuing the summons (Rule 3) \u00b7 communicating date, time, place and duration on reconvening (Rule 15(2)).<br><br>\r\nEvery question set on this Chapter is, in substance, a test of that table.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 43, part: 1, partId: 43,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 4: Sittings of the House\", rule: \"Rule 11 and Article 100(3)\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to the constitution of a sitting of the Lok Sabha and the quorum required for it?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A sitting of the House is duly constituted when it is presided over by the Speaker or any other member competent to preside\",\r\n      \"The quorum to constitute a meeting of the House is one-tenth of the total number of members of the House\",\r\n      \"The quorum to constitute a meeting of the House is fixed by the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"If there is no quorum, it is the duty of the person presiding either to adjourn the House or to suspend the meeting until there is a quorum\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe quorum of the HOUSE is fixed by the <b>CONSTITUTION<\/b>, not by the Rules of Procedure. <b>Article 100(3):<\/b> <i>\"Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the quorum to constitute a meeting of either House of Parliament shall be one-tenth of the total number of members of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSearch the Rules and you will find no quorum for the House anywhere \u2014 because Rule 2(2) provides that expressions used in both instruments take their meaning from the Constitution, and Article 100(3) has already done the work. The Rules fix a quorum only for <b>COMMITTEES<\/b> \u2014 <b>Rule 259(1):<\/b> <i>\"as near as may be, one-third of the total number of members of the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b> <b>Rule 11<\/b> (A \u2713); <b>Article 100(3)<\/b> \u2014 one-tenth, that is 55 for a House of 543 (B \u2713); <b>Article 100(4)<\/b> \u2014 the duty of the person presiding to adjourn or suspend (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>Two quorums, two sources, two fractions \u2014 fix them together:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>HOUSE<\/b> \u2192 one-TENTH \u2192 <b>Article 100(3)<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>COMMITTEE<\/b> \u2192 one-THIRD \u2192 <b>Rule 259(1)<\/b> (the sole exception being the House Committee, whose quorum is 5 against a strength of 12).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 44, part: 1, partId: 44,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\", rule: \"Rule 16\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 16 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, time for the discussion of the matters referred to in the President's Address to the Houses under article 87(1) of the Constitution is allotted by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker, in consultation with the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"the Speaker, in his absolute discretion\",\r\n      \"the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n      \"the President, while summoning the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the Speaker, in consultation with the Leader of the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 16:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall, IN CONSULTATION WITH THE LEADER OF THE HOUSE, allot time for the discussion of the matters referred to in the President's Address to the Houses under ARTICLE 87(1) of the Constitution.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo things in this rule are separately examinable, and both are worth fixing:<br>\r\n\u2022 The Speaker acts <b>IN CONSULTATION WITH THE LEADER OF THE HOUSE<\/b> \u2014 not alone. The same consultative formula governs him under Rule 25 (order of Government business), the second proviso to Rule 26 (a non-Friday for private members' business), Rule 190, Rule 208(1) and Rule 288(1).<br>\r\n\u2022 The rule expressly names <b>ARTICLE 87(1)<\/b> \u2014 which settles the recurring question of which Article provides for the Address at the commencement of the first session after each general election and of each year.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast Rule 22<\/b>, which deals with the OTHER kind of Address: <i>\"The Speaker MAY allot time for the discussion of the matters referred to in the President's Address under ARTICLE 86(1) of the Constitution.\"<\/i> Note the two differences \u2014 \"may\" instead of \"shall\", and no requirement of consultation.<br><br>\r\n<b>Article 87(1)<\/b> is a MANDATORY address on two specified occasions; <b>Article 86(1)<\/b> is a right the President may exercise at any time.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 45, part: 1, partId: 45,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\", rule: \"Rule 17\",\r\n    question: \"The matters referred to in the President's Address are discussed in the House\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"on a motion moved by the Prime Minister\",\r\n      \"on a Motion of Thanks moved by a member and seconded by another member\",\r\n      \"on a resolution moved by the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"without any motion, the Speaker merely allotting time\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) on a Motion of Thanks moved by a member and seconded by another member.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 17:<\/b> <i>\"On such day or days or part of any day, the House shall be at liberty to discuss the matters referred to in such Address ON A MOTION OF THANKS MOVED BY A MEMBER AND SECONDED BY ANOTHER MEMBER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote that the mover and seconder are <b>MEMBERS<\/b> \u2014 the rule does not require a Minister, and by convention the Motion of Thanks is moved and seconded by ruling-party backbenchers. Option (a) is therefore wrong even though a Minister is a member.<br><br>\r\n<b>The chapter's scheme in sequence:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 16<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker, in consultation with the Leader of the House, allots time.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 17<\/b> \u2014 the discussion takes place on a Motion of Thanks, moved and seconded.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 18<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"Amendments may be moved to such Motion of Thanks in such form as may be considered appropriate by the Speaker.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 20(1)<\/b> \u2014 the Prime Minister or any other Minister has, on behalf of the Government, a general right of explaining the Government's position at the end of the discussion, whether or not he has previously taken part in it.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 20(2)<\/b> \u2014 after that, <b>the mover or the seconder shall NOT have any right of reply<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nThe requirement of a seconder appears elsewhere too \u2014 a motion for the election of the Speaker must be <i>\"seconded by a third member\"<\/i> under Rule 7(2).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 46, part: 1, partId: 46,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\", rule: \"Rule 18\",\r\n    question: \"Amendments to the Motion of Thanks on the President's Address may be moved\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"only in the form set out in the Second Schedule to the rules\",\r\n      \"in such form as may be considered appropriate by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"only with the previous consent of the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"only if they relate to matters expressly mentioned in the Address\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) in such form as may be considered appropriate by the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 18:<\/b> <i>\"Amendments may be moved to such Motion of Thanks in such form as may be considered appropriate by the SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule prescribes NO form at all and leaves it entirely to the Speaker. That width has a practical consequence which is itself examinable: because the form is open, an amendment may fasten on a matter the Address <b>OMITTED<\/b> \u2014 the familiar \"but regret that the Address makes no mention of ...\" formula. Option (d) is therefore wrong, and it has been set as the answer to a previous year's question in the opposite direction.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the strict conditions on amendments generally \u2014 Rule 344:<\/b> <i>\"(1) An amendment shall be relevant to, and within the scope of, the motion to which it is proposed. (2) An amendment shall not be such as merely to have the effect of a negative vote. (3) An amendment shall not be inconsistent with any previous decision on the same question.\"<\/i> And <b>Rule 345<\/b> requires notice one day before, unless the Speaker allows it without notice. Rule 18's open form does not displace those general rules; it governs only the FORM.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 346:<\/b> the Speaker has power to SELECT the amendments to be proposed \u2014 a further control on what actually reaches the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 47, part: 1, partId: 47,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\", rule: \"Rule 19(1)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 19(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, notwithstanding that a day has been allotted for discussion on the President's Address, which of the following may be transacted on such day?<br>1. A motion or motions for leave to introduce a Bill or Bills, and the introduction of a Bill or Bills<br>2. Other business of a formal character, before the House commences or continues the discussion on the Address<br>3. Voting on demands for grants<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 19(1):<\/b> <i>\"Notwithstanding that a day has been allotted for discussion on the President's Address,\u2014 (a) a motion or motions for leave to introduce a Bill or Bills may be made and a Bill or Bills may be introduced on such day; and (b) OTHER BUSINESS OF A FORMAL CHARACTER may be transacted on such day BEFORE THE HOUSE COMMENCES OR CONTINUES the discussion on the Address.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOnly those two classes are saved. <b>Statement 3 is INCORRECT<\/b> \u2014 voting on demands for grants is substantive financial business under <b>Rule 208<\/b>, on days separately allotted by the Speaker in consultation with the Leader of the House. It is neither the introduction of a Bill nor business \"of a formal character\".<br><br>\r\nNote the placement in clause (b): formal business is taken <b>BEFORE<\/b> the House commences or continues the discussion \u2014 it does not interrupt the Address debate once begun.<br><br>\r\n<b>The two other ways the Address debate can give way, both in the same rule:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 19(2)<\/b> \u2014 it may be POSTPONED in favour of a Government Bill or other Government business, on a motion that the discussion be adjourned to a subsequent day appointed by the Speaker.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 19(3)<\/b> \u2014 it <i>\"shall be INTERRUPTED in the course of a sitting by an adjournment motion under rule 61.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 48, part: 1, partId: 48,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\", rule: \"Rule 19(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 19(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where a motion is made that the discussion on the President's Address be adjourned to a subsequent day in favour of a Government Bill or other Government business, the Speaker shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"allow a debate of not more than half an hour on the motion\",\r\n      \"refer the motion to the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n      \"forthwith put the question, no amendment or debate being allowed\",\r\n      \"put the question only after the mover of the Motion of Thanks has been heard\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) forthwith put the question, no amendment or debate being allowed.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 19(2):<\/b> <i>\"The discussion on the Address may be postponed in favour of a Government Bill or other Government business on a motion being made that the discussion on the Address be adjourned to a subsequent day to be appointed by the Speaker. The Speaker shall FORTHWITH PUT THE QUESTION, NO AMENDMENT OR DEBATE BEING ALLOWED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThree limitations are packed into that last sentence: the question is put <b>FORTHWITH<\/b>, <b>NO AMENDMENT<\/b> may be moved, and there is <b>NO DEBATE<\/b>. The postponement is a purely procedural step, and the House decides it at once.<br><br>\r\n<b>The expression \"forthwith put the question\" is a recognisable device across the Rules<\/b>, and it always means the same thing \u2014 no debate, no amendment:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 208(2)<\/b> \u2014 on the last allotted day for demands for grants, at 17.00 hours the Speaker forthwith puts every question necessary to dispose of all outstanding matters (the guillotine).<br>\r\n<b>Rule 291<\/b> \u2014 the same at the appointed hour under an Allocation of Time Order. <b>Rule 297<\/b> \u2014 the same for private members' business. <b>Rule 362(2)<\/b> \u2014 on closure being carried, the question is put forthwith without further debate.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 19(3)<\/b> adds the one interruption that needs no motion at all: the Address discussion <i>\"shall be interrupted in the course of a sitting by an adjournment motion under rule 61\"<\/i> \u2014 which is taken up at 16.00 hours.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 49, part: 1, partId: 49,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\", rule: \"Rule 19(3)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 19(3) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the discussion on the President's Address shall be interrupted in the course of a sitting by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a calling attention notice under rule 197\",\r\n      \"an adjournment motion under rule 61\",\r\n      \"a short duration discussion under rule 193\",\r\n      \"a half-an-hour discussion under rule 55\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) an adjournment motion under rule 61.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 19(3):<\/b> <i>\"The discussion on the Address shall be INTERRUPTED in the course of a sitting by an ADJOURNMENT MOTION UNDER RULE 61.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 61:<\/b> <i>\"The motion 'that the House do now adjourn' shall be taken up at 16.00 hours or at an earlier hour if the Speaker, after considering the state of business in the House, so directs.\"<\/i> Because the adjournment motion has a FIXED HOUR, it necessarily cuts across whatever is being discussed \u2014 and Rule 19(3) says so in terms.<br><br>\r\n<b>Why the other three do not interrupt:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Calling Attention (Rule 197)<\/b> \u2014 taken at a time the Speaker appoints; the Minister makes a statement, with no debate.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Short Duration Discussion (Rules 193\u2013194)<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may allot two sittings a week and up to two hours <i>\"AT OR BEFORE THE END OF THE SITTING\"<\/i>.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Half-an-Hour Discussion (Rule 55)<\/b> \u2014 three sittings a week, taken at the END of the sitting.<br>\r\nNone of these has a fixed mid-sitting hour; the adjournment motion alone does.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the escalating scale in Rule 19:<\/b> sub-rule (1) formal business runs BEFORE the discussion; sub-rule (2) Government business may POSTPONE it on a motion; sub-rule (3) an adjournment motion INTERRUPTS it automatically.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 50, part: 1, partId: 50,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\", rule: \"Rule 20(1)\",\r\n    question: \"At the end of the discussion on the President's Address, the right of explaining the position of the Government on behalf of the Government belongs to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Prime Minister only\",\r\n      \"the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs\",\r\n      \"the Leader of the House only, if he has previously taken part in the discussion\",\r\n      \"the Prime Minister or any other Minister, whether or not he has previously taken part in the discussion\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 20(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Prime Minister OR ANY OTHER MINISTER shall, WHETHER PREVIOUSLY TAKEN PART IN THE DISCUSSION OR NOT, have on behalf of the Government a GENERAL RIGHT OF EXPLAINING THE POSITION OF THE GOVERNMENT at the end of the discussion and the Speaker may enquire how much time will be required for the speech so that the Speaker may fix the hour by which the discussion shall conclude.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo features make this a right rather than an indulgence: it belongs to <b>ANY<\/b> Minister, not only the Prime Minister; and it survives even if that Minister has already spoken \u2014 the ordinary bar on speaking twice does not apply.<br><br>\r\nNote also the second limb: the Speaker may ask how much time the speech will need, <b>so that he may fix the hour by which the discussion shall conclude<\/b>. The reply therefore determines the end of the debate.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 20(2)<\/b> is its necessary corollary, added by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989: <i>\"The mover or the seconder shall NOT have any right of reply after the Prime Minister or any other Minister has explained the position of the Government at the end of the discussion.\"<\/i> The Government's explanation closes the debate \u2014 nobody speaks after it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare Rule 207(2)<\/b>, which gives the Finance Minister a general right of reply at the end of the general discussion on the Budget.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 51, part: 1, partId: 51,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\", rule: \"Rule 20(2)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 20(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, after the Prime Minister or any other Minister has explained the position of the Government at the end of the discussion on the President's Address,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the mover of the Motion of Thanks has a right of reply, but the seconder has not\",\r\n      \"the mover and the seconder both have a right of reply\",\r\n      \"neither the mover nor the seconder has any right of reply\",\r\n      \"any member may seek clarifications with the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Neither the mover nor the seconder has any right of reply.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 20(2):<\/b> <i>\"The mover or the seconder shall not have any right of reply after the Prime Minister or any other Minister has explained the position of the Government at the end of the discussion.\"<\/i> (Added by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\nThe sub-rule exists because of the ordinary rule of debate that the MOVER of a motion has a right of reply \u2014 see, for example, <b>Rule 180<\/b> for resolutions, where the mover has a right of reply at the end. Rule 20(2) displaces that right for the Motion of Thanks, so that the Government's explanation under Rule 20(1) closes the debate and nothing follows it.<br><br>\r\nThe sequence is therefore fixed: <b>Rule 17<\/b> motion moved and seconded \u2192 discussion \u2192 <b>Rule 20(1)<\/b> Government's explanation, at an hour the Speaker fixes \u2192 <b>Rule 20(2)<\/b> no reply \u2192 the question is put and the Motion of Thanks is adopted.<br><br>\r\n<b>What happens after adoption<\/b> is not in the Rules at all: by settled practice the SPEAKER conveys the House's Motion of Thanks directly to the President. That is a matter of practice, and a question set on it has no rule number behind it.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 52, part: 1, partId: 52,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\", rule: \"Rule 21\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 21 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, in respect of the discussion on the President\u2019s Address, the Speaker may prescribe a time-limit for speeches\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in every case, before the discussion begins\",\r\n      \"if he thinks fit, after taking the sense of the House\",\r\n      \"only on a motion made and carried in the House\",\r\n      \"only on the recommendation of the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) if he thinks fit, after taking the sense of the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 21:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker, IF THINKS FIT, may prescribe a time-limit for speeches AFTER TAKING THE SENSE OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo qualifications, and both matter: the power is discretionary (\"if thinks fit\"), and it is exercised only <b>after taking the sense of the House<\/b>. No motion is needed, and the Business Advisory Committee has no part in it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the time-limit provisions across the Rules \u2014 the verbs differ, and that is where questions are set:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 21<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker <b>MAY<\/b>, after taking the sense of the House (President's Address).<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 63<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"The Speaker SHALL prescribe a time limit for speeches\"<\/i> on an adjournment motion. Mandatory.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 178<\/b> \u2014 no speech on a resolution shall exceed <b>FIFTEEN<\/b> minutes, except with the Speaker's permission; the mover and the Minister speaking first may take <b>THIRTY<\/b>.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 192<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may prescribe a time limit for speeches on motions.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rules 290 and 295<\/b> \u2014 not more than <b>HALF AN HOUR<\/b> for the discussion, and <b>FIVE MINUTES<\/b> per member, on a motion relating to a Committee report.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 363(1)<\/b> \u2014 where a debate becomes unduly protracted, the Speaker may, after taking the sense of the House, prescribe a time limit for its conclusion.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 53, part: 1, partId: 53,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\", rule: \"Rule 22\",\r\n    question: \"With reference to an Address by the President under article 86(1) of the Constitution, the Speaker\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall, in consultation with the Leader of the House, allot time for the discussion of the matters referred to in it\",\r\n      \"may allot time for the discussion of the matters referred to in it\",\r\n      \"shall refer the matters to the Business Advisory Committee for allotment of time\",\r\n      \"has no power to allot time, such an Address not being open to discussion\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) may allot time.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 22:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker MAY allot time for the discussion of the matters referred to in the President's Address under article 86(1) of the Constitution.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Now set it against Rule 16, which is the whole point of the pair:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 16 (Article 87(1) Address):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker SHALL, IN CONSULTATION WITH THE LEADER OF THE HOUSE, allot time ...\"<\/i> \u2014 mandatory, and consultative.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 22 (Article 86(1) Address):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker MAY allot time ...\"<\/i> \u2014 discretionary, and no consultation required.<br><br>\r\n<b>The difference follows from the Constitution:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Article 87(1)<\/b> \u2014 a MANDATORY address to both Houses assembled together, at the commencement of the first session after each general election and at the commencement of the first session of each year, informing Parliament of the causes of its summons. This is the Address that attracts the Motion of Thanks.<br>\r\n<b>Article 86(1)<\/b> \u2014 the President's RIGHT to address either House, or both assembled together, AT ANY TIME, and to require the attendance of members. There is no Motion of Thanks on such an Address.<br><br>\r\nOption (a) states Rule 16 and is the intended trap; the difference between \"shall \u2026 in consultation\" and \"may\" is the answer.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 54, part: 1, partId: 54,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\", rule: \"Rule 23\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 23 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, on receiving a message from the President for the House under clause (2) of article 86 of the Constitution, the Speaker shall<br>1. read such message to the House;<br>2. give necessary directions in regard to the procedure that shall be followed for the consideration of matters referred to in the message;<br>3. be empowered to suspend or vary the rules to such extent as may be necessary.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 23:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall, on receiving a message from the President for the House under clause (2) of article 86 of the Constitution, READ SUCH MESSAGE TO THE HOUSE and GIVE NECESSARY DIRECTIONS in regard to the procedure that shall be followed for the consideration of matters referred to in the message. In giving these directions, the SPEAKER SHALL BE EMPOWERED TO SUSPEND OR VARY THE RULES to such extent as may be necessary.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The third limb is remarkable and is the reason this rule is worth knowing.<\/b> A power to SUSPEND OR VARY THE RULES is conferred on the Speaker in very few places. Ordinarily the rules can be departed from only by the House itself: <b>Rule 388<\/b> provides that any member may, with the consent of the Speaker, move that any rule may be suspended in its application to a particular motion before the House, and if the motion is carried the rule shall be suspended.<br><br>\r\nRule 23 dispenses with even that, because a message from the President under Article 86(2) may require a procedure for which the Rules make no provision.<br><br>\r\n<b>Article 86(2):<\/b> <i>\"The President may send messages to either House of Parliament, whether with respect to a Bill then pending in Parliament or otherwise, and a House to which any message is so sent shall with all convenient despatch consider any matter required by the message to be taken into consideration.\"<\/i> The words \"with all convenient despatch\" explain why the Speaker is given so free a hand.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 55, part: 1, partId: 55,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\", rule: \"Rule 24\",\r\n    question: \"Under the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the President may address the House or Houses\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"on summoning the House or Houses\",\r\n      \"on proroguing the House or Houses\",\r\n      \"on dissolving the House of the People\",\r\n      \"at the commencement of every session\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) on proroguing the House or Houses.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 24:<\/b> <i>\"The President, ON PROROGUING the House or Houses, may address the House or Houses, as the case may be.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis is a third and separate occasion for a Presidential Address, and it is the one most often overlooked because it has no Motion of Thanks attached to it. <b>Set the three side by side:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Article 87(1)<\/b> \u2014 MANDATORY address to both Houses assembled together, at the commencement of the first session after each general election and of the first session of each year. Time allotted by the Speaker in consultation with the Leader of the House under <b>Rule 16<\/b>; discussed on a Motion of Thanks under <b>Rule 17<\/b>.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Article 86(1)<\/b> \u2014 the President's right to address either House, or both, AT ANY TIME. Time MAY be allotted under <b>Rule 22<\/b>.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 24<\/b> \u2014 an address ON PROROGATION. Permissive (\"may address\"), and no discussion is provided for.<br><br>\r\nOption (d) is wrong on the face of Article 87(1) \u2014 the mandatory address is at the commencement of the FIRST session of each year and the first session after a general election, not of every session.<br><br>\r\nChapter V therefore spans Rules 16 to 24, and covers both ADDRESSES (Rules 16\u201322, 24) and MESSAGES (Rule 23).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 56, part: 1, partId: 56,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\", rule: \"Rules 16, 22 and 24\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding Addresses by the President to the Houses of Parliament:<br>1. Where the President addresses both Houses assembled together at the commencement of the first session of each year, the Speaker shall, in consultation with the Leader of the House, allot time for the discussion of the matters referred to in the Address.<br>2. Where the President exercises the right to address either House at any time, the Speaker may allot time for the discussion of the matters referred to in that Address.<br>3. The President, on proroguing the House or Houses, may address the House or Houses.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 16:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker SHALL, IN CONSULTATION WITH THE LEADER OF THE HOUSE, allot time for the discussion of the matters referred to in the President's Address to the Houses under article 87(1) of the Constitution.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 22:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker MAY allot time for the discussion of the matters referred to in the President's Address under article 86(1) of the Constitution.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3 \u2014 Rule 24:<\/b> <i>\"The President, ON PROROGUING the House or Houses, may address the House or Houses, as the case may be.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the difference in the verbs, which is the substance of the pair:<\/b> for the <b>ARTICLE 87(1)<\/b> Address the Speaker <b>SHALL<\/b> allot time, and must consult the Leader of the House; for the <b>ARTICLE 86(1)<\/b> Address he <b>MAY<\/b>, and need consult no one.<br><br>\r\n<b>The difference follows from the Constitution.<\/b> <b>Article 87(1)<\/b> requires a <b>MANDATORY<\/b> address to both Houses assembled together, at the commencement of the first session after each general election and of the first session of each year, informing Parliament of the causes of its summons \u2014 and it alone attracts a Motion of Thanks under Rule 17. <b>Article 86(1)<\/b> confers a <b>RIGHT<\/b> the President may exercise at any time, and no Motion of Thanks follows it.<br><br>\r\n<b>An address on prorogation is a third and separate occasion<\/b>, permissive in form and carrying no provision for discussion at all.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 57, part: 1, partId: 57,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 5: President's Address and Messages to the House\", rule: \"Rules 16, 17, 20\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to the Motion of Thanks on the President's Address?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The discussion takes place on a Motion of Thanks moved by a member and seconded by another member\",\r\n      \"A Minister who has already taken part in the discussion cannot exercise the general right of explaining the position of the Government at the end of the discussion\",\r\n      \"The Speaker, in consultation with the Leader of the House, allots time for the discussion\",\r\n      \"The mover or the seconder has no right of reply after the Government's position has been explained at the end of the discussion\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 20(1)<\/b> says the exact opposite: <i>\"The Prime Minister or any other Minister shall, WHETHER PREVIOUSLY TAKEN PART IN THE DISCUSSION OR NOT, have on behalf of the Government a general right of explaining the position of the Government at the end of the discussion ...\"<\/i> Having already spoken is no bar at all \u2014 the words are there precisely to remove that bar.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 17<\/b> \u2014 moved by a member and seconded by another member (A \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>Rule 16<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker, in consultation with the Leader of the House, allots time (C \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>Rule 20(2)<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"The mover or the seconder shall not have any right of reply after the Prime Minister or any other Minister has explained the position of the Government at the end of the discussion.\"<\/i> (D \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Read Rule 20 as a single scheme:<\/b> sub-rule (1) OPENS a right for the Government that would not otherwise exist (speaking twice); sub-rule (2) CLOSES a right the mover would otherwise have (reply). Between them they ensure that the Government's explanation is the last word on the Motion of Thanks.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 58, part: 1, partId: 58,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business\", rule: \"Rule 25\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 25 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, on days allotted for the transaction of Government business, such business shall have precedence and the business shall be arranged by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker, in such order as the Leader of the House may determine\",\r\n      \"the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General, in such order as the Speaker may, after consultation with the Leader of the House, determine\",\r\n      \"the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs, in consultation with the Speaker\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 25:<\/b> <i>\"On days allotted for the transaction of Government business, such business SHALL HAVE PRECEDENCE and the SECRETARY-GENERAL shall arrange that business in such order as the SPEAKER may, AFTER CONSULTATION WITH THE LEADER OF THE HOUSE, determine.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThree actors, three distinct roles \u2014 and the question turns on keeping them apart: the <b>SPEAKER<\/b> determines the order; he does so <b>after consultation with the LEADER OF THE HOUSE<\/b>; and the <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b> arranges the business accordingly. The Secretary-General decides nothing, exactly as in Rule 3 (issuing summons), Rules 7(1) and 8(1) (notice of election dates) and Rule 15(2) (communicating on reconvening).<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso locks the order once settled:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that such order of business shall NOT BE VARIED on the day that business is set down for disposal UNLESS THE SPEAKER IS SATISFIED THAT THERE IS SUFFICIENT GROUND for such variation.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Read Rule 25 with Rule 31(1):<\/b> <i>\"A list of business for the day shall be prepared by the Secretary-General, and a copy thereof shall be made available for the use of every member.\"<\/i> Rule 25 fixes the ORDER; Rule 31 produces the LIST.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 59, part: 1, partId: 59,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 25\",\r\n    question: \"The order of Government business set down for disposal on a day shall not be varied on that day unless\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Leader of the House so requests\",\r\n      \"the Speaker is satisfied that there is sufficient ground for such variation\",\r\n      \"the House so resolves on a motion made\",\r\n      \"the Business Advisory Committee so recommends\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the Speaker is satisfied that there is sufficient ground for such variation.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 25:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that such order of business shall not be varied on the day that business is set down for disposal unless the SPEAKER IS SATISFIED THAT THERE IS SUFFICIENT GROUND for such variation.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the asymmetry, which is the substance of the rule: the order is SETTLED by the Speaker <i>after consultation with the Leader of the House<\/i>, but it is VARIED on the Speaker's satisfaction alone. Once the day's order is fixed, the Government cannot rearrange it at will; the Chair must be satisfied there is sufficient ground.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the position under an ALLOCATION OF TIME ORDER \u2014 Rule 292:<\/b> <i>\"No variation in the Allocation of Time Order shall be made except on a motion made, with the consent of the Speaker, and accepted by the House: Provided that the Speaker may, after taking the sense of the House, increase the time, not exceeding one hour, without any motion being moved.\"<\/i> There a MOTION accepted by the HOUSE is needed, because the allocation itself takes effect as an order of the House under Rule 290A.<br><br>\r\n<b>The general safeguard on the list \u2014 Rule 31(2):<\/b> <i>\"Save as otherwise provided in these rules, no business not included in the list of business for the day shall be transacted at any sitting WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 60, part: 1, partId: 60,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business\", rule: \"Second proviso to Rule 27(2)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"Where the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions has classified the Bills falling under clause (h) of the order of precedence as category A, the ballot of category B Bills may not be held if the number of category A Bills is\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"ten or more\",\r\n      \"fifteen or more\",\r\n      \"twenty or more\",\r\n      \"twenty-five or more\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) twenty or more.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 27(2):<\/b> <i>\"Provided further that where the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions has classified the Bills falling under clause (h) of sub-rule (1) as category A and NUMBER THEREOF IS TWENTY OR MORE, BALLOT OF CATEGORY B BILLS MAY NOT BE HELD.\"<\/i> (Substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\nThe reasoning is practical. Category A Bills take precedence over category B under the preceding proviso, and private members' Bills get only two and a half hours on a Friday. If there are already twenty or more category A Bills in the queue, no category B Bill can possibly be reached \u2014 so balloting them would be an empty exercise.<br><br>\r\n<b>The classification that this proviso builds on \u2014 Rule 294(1)(b):<\/b> the Committee examines private members' Bills after introduction and before they come up for consideration, and classifies them <i>\"according to their nature, urgency and importance into TWO CATEGORIES namely, category A and category B.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The other numbers in Chapter VI, for contrast:<\/b> <b>two and a half hours<\/b> on Friday (Rule 26) \u00b7 <b>nine clauses<\/b> of precedence (Rule 27(1)) \u00b7 <b>two categories<\/b>, A and B \u00b7 <b>twenty or more<\/b>, here \u00b7 <b>three resolutions<\/b> in the list of business (Rule 31(4)) \u00b7 <b>first three places<\/b> in the resolutions ballot (Rule 170).<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that all the category provisos operate on clause (h) alone<\/b> \u2014 Bills introduced but on which no further motion has been made or carried.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 61, part: 1, partId: 61,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business\", rule: \"Provisos to Rule 26\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the allotment of time for private members\u2019 business:<br>1. The Speaker may allot different Fridays for the disposal of different classes of private members' business.<br>2. The Speaker may, in consultation with the Leader of the House, allot any day other than a Friday for the transaction of private members' business.<br>3. If there is no sitting of the House on a Friday, the Speaker may direct that two and a half hours on any other day in the week may be allotted for private members' business.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three are the provisos to <b>Rule 26<\/b>, in order:<br>\r\n<i>\"Provided that the Speaker may allot different Fridays for the disposal of different classes of such business and on Fridays so allotted for any particular class of business, business of that class shall have precedence:<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Provided further that the Speaker may, in consultation with the Leader of the House, allot any day other than a Friday for the transaction of private members' business:<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Provided further that if there is no sitting of the House on a Friday, the Speaker may direct that two and a half hours on any other day in the week may be allotted for private members' business.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note which proviso requires consultation.<\/b> Only the SECOND \u2014 allotting a non-Friday \u2014 requires consultation with the Leader of the House. The first and third are for the Speaker alone. That is a natural discrimination for a question, because the instinct is to assume consultation throughout.<br><br>\r\nThe <b>first<\/b> proviso is what makes it possible to reserve some Fridays for private members' BILLS and others for private members' RESOLUTIONS \u2014 which is why Rules 27 and 28 deal with the precedence of each separately.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 62, part: 1, partId: 62,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 6: Arrangement of Business\", rule: \"Rule 27(1)\",\r\n    question: \"The relative precedence fixed by the rules among the four classes of private members' Bills operates\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"only where the Speaker has not otherwise directed\",\r\n      \"in relation to the ballot held to determine the order in which those Bills are set down in the list of business\",\r\n      \"only on the last two and a half hours of a Friday\",\r\n      \"only where Bills of more than one class stand in the name of the same member\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 27(1)<\/b> classifies private members' Bills for the purpose of <b>RELATIVE PRECEDENCE<\/b>, and <b>Rule 27(2)<\/b> supplies the reason the classification exists: <i>\"RELATIVE PRECEDENCE \u2026 SHALL BE DETERMINED BY BALLOT to be held in such manner as the Speaker may direct.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The classification and the ballot work together<\/b>, and neither is intelligible without the other. The four classes fix the <b>ORDER OF THE CATEGORIES<\/b>; the ballot fixes the order <b>WITHIN<\/b> a category and so settles which Bills are actually set down in the list of business under <b>Rule 31(1)<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The second proviso to Rule 27(2) is the practical limit worth marking:<\/b> where the Bills falling in the <b>FIRST CATEGORY<\/b> number <b>TWENTY OR MORE<\/b>, no ballot of the later category is held at all \u2014 the first category alone will occupy the available time.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (c) borrows from Rule 26<\/b>, under which the last two and a half hours of a sitting on <b>FRIDAY<\/b> are allotted for private members' business; but Rule 26 fixes the <b>TIME<\/b>, not the precedence, and by its proviso the Speaker may allot a different day.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the companion ballot in Rule 28<\/b> \u2014 for private members' <b>RESOLUTIONS<\/b> it is a ballot of <b>NAMES<\/b>, not of Bills, and the first three places translate into the three resolutions that may appear in the list under <b>Rule 31(4)<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 63, part: 1, partId: 64,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business\", rule: \"Rule 27(2)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 27(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the relative precedence of private members' Bills falling under the same clause of the order of precedence shall be determined by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the order in which notices were received\",\r\n      \"ballot, to be held in accordance with the orders made by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions\",\r\n      \"seniority of the members in charge of the Bills\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) ballot, to be held in accordance with the orders made by the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 27(2):<\/b> <i>\"The relative precedence of Bills falling under the same clause of sub-rule (1) shall be determined by BALLOT to be held in accordance with the orders made by the Speaker and on such day and in such manner as the Speaker may direct.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>But note the FIRST proviso, which is exactly what option (a) describes and which applies to one clause only:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that the motion in respect of Bills falling under CLAUSE (a) of sub-rule (1) shall be entered in the list of business IN THE ORDER IN WHICH NOTICES OF SUCH MOTIONS HAVE BEEN RECEIVED IN POINT OF TIME.\"<\/i> So for motions for LEAVE TO INTRODUCE, it is first-come-first-served, not ballot.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (c) confuses two different functions.<\/b> The Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions <b>CLASSIFIES<\/b> Bills into category A and category B under <b>Rule 294(1)(b)<\/b>; the <b>BALLOT<\/b> then orders them within each category. The Committee classifies; the ballot ranks.<br><br>\r\n<b>The scheme in one line:<\/b> Rule 27(1) ranks BETWEEN the classes \u2192 the first proviso to 27(2) orders clause (a) by time of notice \u2192 the ballot orders the rest within each clause \u2192 Rule 27(3) lets the Speaker vary the whole thing by special order announced in the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 64, part: 1, partId: 65,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business\", rule: \"Provisos to Rule 27(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the precedence of private members\u2019 Bills:<br>1. Bills which have been introduced but on which no further motion has been made or carried, and which are classified by the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions as category A shall have precedence over Bills classified as category B.<br>2. Where such Bills classified as category A number twenty or more, ballot of category B Bills may not be held.<br>3. Where the Committee has not classified such Bills as category A and category B, the order in which they shall be put down in the list of business shall be determined by ballot in accordance with such directions as the Speaker may give.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three are provisos to <b>Rule 27(2)<\/b>:<br>\r\n<i>\"Provided further that Bills falling under clause (h) of sub-rule (1) which are classified by the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions as CATEGORY A shall have precedence over Bills classified as CATEGORY B, and that the relative precedence of Bills falling under each of these categories shall be determined by ballot SEPARATELY:<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Provided further that where the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions has classified the Bills falling under clause (h) of sub-rule (1) as category A and NUMBER THEREOF IS TWENTY OR MORE, BALLOT OF CATEGORY B BILLS MAY NOT BE HELD:<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Provided further that where the Committee has not classified the Bills \u2026 as category A and category B, the order in which such Bills shall be put down in the list of business shall be determined by BALLOT in accordance with such directions as the Speaker may give.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The figure TWENTY in the second proviso is the value most likely to be asked<\/b>, and it is easy to miss: if there are twenty or more category A Bills, there is no point balloting category B, because category A will exhaust the available time.<br><br>\r\n<b>The classification itself \u2014 Rule 294(1)(b):<\/b> the Committee examines private members' Bills after introduction and classifies them <i>\"according to their nature, urgency and importance into two categories namely, category A and category B.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote that all these provisos operate on <b>clause (h)<\/b> alone \u2014 Bills introduced but on which no further motion has been made or carried.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 65, part: 1, partId: 66,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business\", rule: \"Rule 27(3)\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker may make such variations in the relative precedence of private members' Bills as he may consider necessary or convenient,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"by a special order to be announced in the House\",\r\n      \"on a motion made and carried in the House\",\r\n      \"on the recommendation of the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n      \"only with the consent of the members in charge of the Bills affected\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) by a special order to be announced in the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 27(3):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may, by SPECIAL ORDER TO BE ANNOUNCED IN THE HOUSE, make such variations in the relative precedences of Bills set out in sub-rule (1) as the Speaker may consider necessary or convenient.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo features are worth fixing: the power belongs to the <b>SPEAKER ALONE<\/b> \u2014 no motion, no Committee recommendation, no consent of members \u2014 and it must be exercised by a <b>SPECIAL ORDER ANNOUNCED IN THE HOUSE<\/b>, so the departure is on the record and members know where they stand.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the power of variation elsewhere, where the House is involved:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 25<\/b> \u2014 the order of GOVERNMENT business may be varied on the day only if the SPEAKER IS SATISFIED that there is sufficient ground.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 292<\/b> \u2014 no variation in an ALLOCATION OF TIME ORDER except on a motion made with the Speaker's consent and ACCEPTED BY THE HOUSE, save that the Speaker may add up to one hour after taking the sense of the House.<br><br>\r\nThe difference reflects the source of the arrangement being varied: an Allocation of Time Order takes effect <i>\"as if it were an order of the House\"<\/i> under Rule 290A, so only the House can alter it; the precedence in Rule 27(1) is a rule of arrangement, and the Speaker may adjust it.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 66, part: 1, partId: 67,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business\", rule: \"Rule 28\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 28 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, on a day allotted for the disposal of private members' resolutions in the Lok Sabha, the relative precedence of such resolutions is determined by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the order in which notices of the resolutions are received\",\r\n      \"the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions\",\r\n      \"a ballot of names of members desiring to move a resolution, held in accordance with orders made by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) a ballot of names of members desiring to move a resolution.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 28:<\/b> <i>\"A BALLOT OF NAMES OF MEMBERS desiring to move a resolution shall be held in accordance with orders made by the Speaker, on such day as the Speaker may direct.\"<\/i> (Substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>Note what is balloted \u2014 NAMES OF MEMBERS, not resolutions.<\/b> That is the crucial difference from Rule 27(2), where BILLS are balloted. The reason appears in <b>Rule 170:<\/b> <i>\"A member other than a Minister who wishes to move a resolution on a day allotted for private members' resolutions, shall give a notice to that effect at least TWO DAYS BEFORE THE DATE OF BALLOT. The names of all members from whom such notices are received shall be balloted and those members who secure the FIRST THREE PLACES in the ballot for the day allotted for private members' resolutions shall be eligible to give notice of ONE RESOLUTION EACH within two days after the date of the ballot.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo the sequence is: notice of intention two days before the ballot \u2192 ballot of NAMES \u2192 the first three may each give notice of one resolution within two days after \u2192 those resolutions go into the list.<br><br>\r\n<b>And note the ceiling in Rule 31(4):<\/b> unless the Speaker otherwise directs, <b>not more than THREE resolutions<\/b> (in addition to any outstanding under the proviso to Rule 29) shall be set down in the list of business for a day allotted for private members' resolutions \u2014 which is why the ballot picks three.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 67, part: 1, partId: 68,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business\", rule: \"Rule 29\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 29 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, private members' business set down for the day allotted for that class of business and not disposed of on that day\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall automatically be set down for the next day allotted to business of that class\",\r\n      \"shall be set down for a subsequent day in the order of the original list\",\r\n      \"shall lapse and cannot be revived in the same session\",\r\n      \"shall not be set down for any subsequent day, unless it has gained priority at the ballot held with reference to that day\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 29:<\/b> <i>\"Private members' business set down for the day allotted for that class of business and NOT DISPOSED OF on that day shall NOT BE SET DOWN FOR ANY SUBSEQUENT DAY, UNLESS IT HAS GAINED PRIORITY AT THE BALLOT held with reference to that day.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe general rule is therefore severe: an item that is not reached goes back into the ballot with everything else and enjoys no carry-over.<br><br>\r\n<b>But note the proviso, which is the real point of the rule:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that notwithstanding anything contained in rules 27 and 28 any such business which is UNDER DISCUSSION AT THE END OF THAT DAY shall be set down for the next day allotted to business of that class and SHALL HAVE PRECEDENCE OVER ALL OTHER BUSINESS set down for that day.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The distinction is between two situations, and it is exactly where a question is set:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>NOT REACHED at all<\/b> \u2192 no carry-over; back into the ballot (main limb of Rule 29).<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>UNDER DISCUSSION when the day ends<\/b> \u2192 carried to the next such day AND takes precedence over everything else, overriding Rules 27 and 28 (proviso).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 31(4)<\/b> recognises the proviso in terms, allowing three resolutions <i>\"in addition to any resolution which is outstanding under the proviso to rule 29\"<\/i>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 68, part: 1, partId: 69,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 29\",\r\n    question: \"Private members' business which is under discussion at the end of the day allotted to that class of business shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"be set down for the next day allotted to business of that class and shall have precedence over all other business set down for that day\",\r\n      \"be set down for the next day allotted to business of that class, in the order determined by ballot\",\r\n      \"stand adjourned sine die\",\r\n      \"be taken up only if the member in charge gives fresh notice\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 29:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING CONTAINED IN RULES 27 AND 28 any such business which is under discussion at the end of that day shall be set down for the next day allotted to business of that class and SHALL HAVE PRECEDENCE OVER ALL OTHER BUSINESS set down for that day.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe opening words are decisive: the proviso operates <b>notwithstanding Rules 27 and 28<\/b>, so it overrides both the nine-clause precedence of Rule 27(1) and the ballot in Rules 27(2) and 28. Business actually under discussion is not sent back to the ballot \u2014 it comes first on the next such day.<br><br>\r\n<b>Now distinguish Rule 30, which deals with business whose debate has been ADJOURNED on a motion carried:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 30(1):<\/b> where, on a motion being carried, the debate on a private member's Bill or resolution is adjourned to the next day allotted for private members' business in the same or next session, <i>\"it shall NOT BE SET DOWN FOR FURTHER DISCUSSION UNLESS IT HAS GAINED PRIORITY AT THE BALLOT.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 30(2):<\/b> where the debate is adjourned SINE DIE and the member in charge or the mover wishes to proceed, he may give notice for resumption, and <i>\"the relative precedence of such Bill or resolution shall be determined by BALLOT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The line: still UNDER DISCUSSION when the day ends \u2192 precedence (proviso to Rule 29). Debate ADJOURNED on a motion \u2192 back to the ballot (Rule 30).<\/b>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 69, part: 1, partId: 70,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business\", rule: \"Rule 30(1)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 30(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where, on a motion being carried, the debate on a private member's Bill or resolution is adjourned to the next day allotted for private members' business in the same or next session, it shall not be set down for further discussion unless\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker so directs\",\r\n      \"it has gained priority at the ballot\",\r\n      \"the member in charge gives fresh notice of one month\",\r\n      \"the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions so recommends\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) it has gained priority at the ballot.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 30(1):<\/b> <i>\"When on a motion being carried the debate on a private member's Bill or resolution is adjourned to the next day allotted for private members' business in the same or next session, it shall not be set down for further discussion UNLESS IT HAS GAINED PRIORITY AT THE BALLOT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the words <i>\"in the same OR NEXT SESSION\"<\/i> \u2014 the rule contemplates the adjournment carrying across a session boundary, and the ballot requirement follows it there.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 30(2)<\/b> deals with the other case: <i>\"When the debate on a private member's Bill or resolution is adjourned SINE DIE and if the member in charge of the Bill or as the case may be the mover of the resolution, wishes to proceed with such Bill or resolution on a subsequent day allotted for private members' business, may give NOTICE FOR RESUMPTION OF THE ADJOURNED DEBATE and on receipt of such notice the relative precedence of such Bill or resolution shall be determined by BALLOT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>So the ballot is the constant mechanism of Chapter VI for private members' business.<\/b> It appears in Rule 27(2) (Bills within a clause, and within categories A and B), Rule 28 (names of members for resolutions), Rule 29 (business not disposed of), and Rule 30(1) and (2) (adjourned debates). The single exception is the FIRST proviso to Rule 27(2) \u2014 motions for leave to introduce, which go by time of notice.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 70, part: 1, partId: 71,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business\", rule: \"Rule 31(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 31(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the list of business for the day shall be prepared by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the Secretary-General.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 31(1):<\/b> <i>\"A list of business for the day shall be prepared by the SECRETARY-GENERAL, and a copy thereof shall be MADE AVAILABLE FOR THE USE OF EVERY MEMBER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe Secretary-General PREPARES the list; the SPEAKER determines the order of Government business that goes into it, after consultation with the Leader of the House (Rule 25). Once again, the officer who decides and the officer who executes are distinct \u2014 the pattern that runs through Rules 3, 7(1), 8(1), 15(2) and 25.<br><br>\r\n<b>The three further sub-rules govern what may go into the list and when:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>31(2):<\/b> <i>\"Save as otherwise provided in these rules, no business NOT INCLUDED in the list of business for the day shall be transacted at any sitting WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>31(3):<\/b> <i>\"Save as otherwise provided in these rules, no business requiring notice shall be set down for a day EARLIER THAN THE DAY AFTER THAT ON WHICH THE PERIOD OF THE NOTICE necessary for that class of business expires.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>31(4):<\/b> unless the Speaker otherwise directs, not more than <b>THREE resolutions<\/b> (in addition to any outstanding under the proviso to rule 29) shall be set down for a day allotted for private members' resolutions.<br><br>\r\nThe chapter closes with a cross-reference: for the rules relating to the Business Advisory Committee and the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions, see Chapter XXVI.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 71, part: 1, partId: 72,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business\", rule: \"Rule 31(2)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 31(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, save as otherwise provided in the rules, business not included in the list of business for the day\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"may be transacted at any sitting without any permission\",\r\n      \"shall not be transacted at any sitting without the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"shall not be transacted at any sitting in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"may be transacted only on a motion made and carried in the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) shall not be transacted without the permission of the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 31(2):<\/b> <i>\"Save as otherwise provided in these rules, no business not included in the list of business for the day shall be transacted at any sitting WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule is a control, not a prohibition \u2014 which is why option (c) is wrong. The Speaker may permit unlisted business, and the opening words <i>\"save as otherwise provided in these rules\"<\/i> preserve the devices that by their nature cannot appear in a list prepared in advance.<br><br>\r\n<b>The devices those saving words protect:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>ADJOURNMENT MOTION<\/b> \u2014 notice by 10.00 hours on the very day, taken up at 16.00 hours (Rules 57, 61).<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE<\/b> \u2014 notice by 10.00 hours on the day it is to be raised, and raised only with the Speaker's consent (Rules 222, 223).<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>NO-CONFIDENCE MOTION<\/b> \u2014 notice by 10.00 hours on that day (Rule 198(1)(b)).<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>POINT OF ORDER<\/b> \u2014 raised in relation to the business before the House at the moment (Rule 376(2)).<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>RULE 377 MATTERS<\/b> \u2014 raised only after the Speaker has given consent, at such time and date as he fixes.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 31(3)<\/b> adds the timing safeguard: no business requiring notice may be set down earlier than the day after the notice period expires.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 72, part: 1, partId: 73,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business\", rule: \"Rule 31(3)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 31(3) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, save as otherwise provided in the rules, business requiring notice shall not be set down for a day\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"earlier than the day on which the period of notice necessary for that class of business expires\",\r\n      \"earlier than the day after that on which the period of notice necessary for that class of business expires\",\r\n      \"later than seven days after the period of notice expires\",\r\n      \"unless the Speaker has permitted a shorter period of notice\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) earlier than the day AFTER that on which the period of notice expires.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 31(3):<\/b> <i>\"Save as otherwise provided in these rules, no business requiring notice shall be set down for a day EARLIER THAN THE DAY AFTER THAT ON WHICH THE PERIOD OF THE NOTICE necessary for that class of business expires.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOption (a) is the trap, and the difference is one day. The business may be set down for the day AFTER the notice period expires \u2014 not on the expiry day itself. The rule protects the full run of the notice period.<br><br>\r\n<b>The notice periods it operates on are scattered through the Rules, and each has its own length:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Questions \u2014 Rule 33:<\/b> not less than <b>fifteen clear days<\/b>, unless the Speaker otherwise directs.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Private member's Bill \u2014 Rule 65(3):<\/b> <b>one month<\/b>, unless the Speaker allows a shorter period.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Half-an-Hour Discussion \u2014 Rule 55(2):<\/b> <b>three days<\/b> in advance.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Private members' resolutions \u2014 Rule 170:<\/b> notice <b>two days<\/b> before the date of ballot, and one resolution within two days after it.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Amendment to a motion \u2014 Rule 345:<\/b> <b>one day<\/b> before, unless the Speaker allows it without notice.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Removal of the Speaker or Deputy Speaker \u2014 Rule 200(2):<\/b> a day after <b>fourteen days<\/b> from receipt of the notice.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Motion on Council amendments \u2014 Rule 123:<\/b> <b>two days<\/b>, or without notice with the Speaker's consent.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 73, part: 1, partId: 74,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business\", rule: \"Rule 31(4)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"Unless the Speaker otherwise directs, how many resolutions (in addition to any resolution outstanding from a previous such day because it was under discussion when that day ended) shall be set down in the list of business for any day allotted for the disposal of private members' resolutions?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not more than two\",\r\n      \"Not more than three\",\r\n      \"Not more than four\",\r\n      \"Not more than five\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Not more than three.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 31(4):<\/b> <i>\"Unless the Speaker otherwise directs, NOT MORE THAN THREE RESOLUTIONS (in addition to any resolution which is outstanding under the PROVISO TO RULE 29) shall be set down in the list of business for any day allotted for the disposal of private members' resolutions.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The figure THREE is not arbitrary \u2014 it matches Rule 170<\/b>, under which the names of members are balloted and <i>\"those members who secure the FIRST THREE PLACES in the ballot for the day allotted for private members' resolutions shall be eligible to give notice of one resolution each.\"<\/i> Three places in the ballot, three resolutions in the list.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the parenthesis<\/b>, which is the detail most often missed: the ceiling of three is <b>IN ADDITION TO<\/b> any resolution outstanding under the proviso to Rule 29 \u2014 that is, a resolution which was still UNDER DISCUSSION when the previous such day ended, and which therefore takes precedence over all other business on the next such day. So the list can carry four items in all.<br><br>\r\n<b>And note the opening words<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"unless the Speaker otherwise directs\"<\/i> \u2014 which appear also in Rule 12 (hours of sitting), Rule 32 (Question Hour) and Rule 33 (period of notice of questions). The Speaker can always vary the norm.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 74, part: 1, partId: 75,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business\", rule: \"Rules 25\u201331\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to Chapter VI of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"On days allotted for the transaction of Government business, such business shall have precedence\",\r\n      \"A list of business for the day shall be prepared by the Secretary-General and a copy made available for the use of every member\",\r\n      \"The relative precedence of private members' Bills falling under the same clause of the order of precedence is determined by the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions\",\r\n      \"The Speaker may, by special order announced in the House, vary the relative precedence of private members' Bills\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 27(2):<\/b> the relative precedence of Bills falling under the same clause <i>\"shall be determined by BALLOT to be held in accordance with the orders made by the Speaker and on such day and in such manner as the Speaker may direct.\"<\/i> It is the BALLOT, not the Committee.<br><br>\r\n<b>What the Committee actually does \u2014 Rule 294(1)(b):<\/b> it examines private members' Bills after introduction and <i>\"classifies them according to their nature, urgency and importance into two categories namely, category A and category B.\"<\/i> The classification then FEEDS the ballot: by the second proviso to Rule 27(2), category A Bills have precedence over category B, and the relative precedence within each category is determined by ballot separately.<br><br>\r\n<b>So: the Committee CLASSIFIES; the BALLOT RANKS.<\/b> Confusing the two is the commonest error on this chapter.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b> <b>Rule 25<\/b> (A \u2713); <b>Rule 31(1)<\/b> (B \u2713); <b>Rule 27(3)<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"The Speaker may, by special order to be announced in the House, make such variations in the relative precedences of Bills set out in sub-rule (1) as the Speaker may consider necessary or convenient\"<\/i> (D \u2713).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 75, part: 1, partId: 76,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business\", rule: \"Rules 26\u201331\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding private members' business in the Lok Sabha:<br>1. The Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions classifies private members' Bills into category A and category B.<br>2. A ballot of names of members desiring to move a resolution is held in accordance with orders made by the Speaker.<br>3. The rules relating to the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions are contained in Chapter VI.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT.<\/b> The second proviso to <b>Rule 27(2)<\/b> refers to Bills <i>\"classified by the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions as category A\"<\/i> and <i>\"category B\"<\/i>; the classification itself is made under <b>Rule 294(1)(b)<\/b>, according to the Bills' nature, urgency and importance.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 28:<\/b> <i>\"A ballot of names of members desiring to move a resolution shall be held in accordance with orders made by the Speaker, on such day as the Speaker may direct.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT.<\/b> Chapter VI closes with an express cross-reference: <i>\"[For rules relating to Business Advisory Committee and Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions, see CHAPTER XXVI of these rules.]\"<\/i> Both Committees are constituted and governed by Chapter XXVI \u2014 the Business Advisory Committee by Rules 287 to 292, and the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions by Rules 293 to 297.<br><br>\r\n<b>The division of labour between the two chapters is worth stating plainly:<\/b> <b>Chapter VI<\/b> lays down WHEN private members' business is taken and in WHAT ORDER; <b>Chapter XXVI<\/b> constitutes the Committees that classify the Bills and recommend the time. Chapter VI is the timetable; Chapter XXVI is the machinery.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 76, part: 1, partId: 77,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business\", rule: \"Rules 25, 26, 27 and 28\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the arrangement of business in the Lok Sabha:<br>1. On days allotted for the transaction of Government business, such business shall have precedence.<br>2. The last two and a half hours of a sitting on Friday shall be allotted for the transaction of private members' business.<br>3. The relative precedence of private members' Bills is determined by a ballot of the names of members desiring to move them.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 25:<\/b> <i>\"On days allotted for the transaction of Government business, SUCH BUSINESS SHALL HAVE PRECEDENCE and the Secretary-General shall arrange that business in such order as the Speaker may, after consultation with the Leader of the House, determine.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 26:<\/b> <i>\"The last two and a half hours of a sitting on Friday shall be allotted for the transaction of private members' business.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3 is INCORRECT, and the error is a substitution of one ballot for another.<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 27(2)<\/b> \u2014 for private members' <b>BILLS<\/b>, what is balloted is the <b>BILLS<\/b> themselves, to fix their relative precedence within a clause of the order of precedence.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 28<\/b> \u2014 for private members' <b>RESOLUTIONS<\/b>, what is balloted is the <b>NAMES OF MEMBERS<\/b> desiring to move a resolution: <i>\"A ballot of NAMES OF MEMBERS desiring to move a resolution shall be held in accordance with orders made by the Speaker, on such day as the Speaker may direct.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The reason for the difference lies in Rule 170.<\/b> A member enters the resolutions ballot before he has a resolution at all \u2014 he gives notice of his intention two days before the ballot, and only those who secure the <b>FIRST THREE PLACES<\/b> become eligible to give notice of <b>ONE RESOLUTION EACH<\/b> within two days after it. So there are no resolutions to ballot, only names. With Bills the position is reversed: the Bills already exist and are ranked.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 77, part: 1, partId: 78,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 3: Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons\", rule: \"Rule 9\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-NAMED \u2192 OPTIONS\",\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, is the Speaker empowered to nominate from amongst the members a panel of Chairpersons?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rule 7\",\r\n      \"Rule 8\",\r\n      \"Rule 9\",\r\n      \"Rule 10\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Rule 9.<\/b><br><br><b>Rule 9(1):<\/b> <i>\"At the commencement of the House or from time to time, as the case may be, the Speaker shall nominate from amongst the members a panel of NOT MORE THAN TEN Chairpersons, anyone of whom may preside over the House in the absence of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker when so requested by the Speaker or, in the absence of the Speaker, by the Deputy Speaker.\"<\/i><br><b>Rule 9(2):<\/b> a Chairperson so nominated holds office <b>UNTIL A NEW PANEL IS NOMINATED<\/b> \u2014 there is no fixed term.<br><br><b>The neighbouring rules, which supply the distractors:<\/b><br><b>Rule 7<\/b> \u2014 election of the <b>SPEAKER<\/b>; the date is fixed by the <b>PRESIDENT<\/b>.<br><b>Rule 8<\/b> \u2014 election of the <b>DEPUTY SPEAKER<\/b>; the date is fixed by the <b>SPEAKER<\/b>.<br><b>Rule 10<\/b> \u2014 the deeming clause: whoever is competent to preside has, when so presiding, the same powers as the Speaker, and all references to the Speaker are deemed references to him.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 78, part: 1, partId: 79,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters I-VI (Rules 1-31)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 6: Arrangement of Business and List of Business\", rule: \"Rule 31\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-NAMED \u2192 OPTIONS\",\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, shall a list of business for the day be prepared by the Secretary-General and a copy made available for the use of every member?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rule 25\",\r\n      \"Rule 28\",\r\n      \"Rule 29\",\r\n      \"Rule 31\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Rule 31.<\/b><br><br><b>Rule 31(1):<\/b> <i>\"A list of business for the day shall be prepared by the SECRETARY-GENERAL, and a copy thereof shall be made available for the use of every member.\"<\/i><br><b>31(2)<\/b> \u2014 no business not in the list without the Speaker's permission. <b>31(3)<\/b> \u2014 no business requiring notice earlier than the day after the notice period expires. <b>31(4)<\/b> \u2014 not more than three resolutions on a private members' resolutions day.<br><br><b>The distractors:<\/b><br><b>Rule 25<\/b> \u2014 Government business has precedence on days allotted to it; the Secretary-General ARRANGES it in the order the Speaker determines after consulting the Leader of the House.<br><b>Rule 28<\/b> \u2014 the ballot of NAMES of members desiring to move a resolution.<br><b>Rule 29<\/b> \u2014 private members' business not disposed of on the allotted day.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n\r\n  \/* ======================================================================\r\n     PART 2 \u2014 Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\r\n     ====================================================================== *\/\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 79, part: 2, partId: 1,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 33\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"Under the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, notice of a question shall be given in writing to the Secretary-General specifying the text of the question, the official designation of the Minister to whom it is addressed and the date on which the answer is desired; and unless the Speaker otherwise directs, the period of such notice shall be :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"not less than ten clear days\",\r\n      \"not less than twelve clear days\",\r\n      \"not less than fifteen clear days\",\r\n      \"not less than twenty-one clear days\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) not less than fifteen clear days.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 33:<\/b> <i>\"Unless the Speaker otherwise directs, NOT LESS THAN FIFTEEN CLEAR DAYS' notice of a question shall be given.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the amendment history, because older material is wrong here:<\/b> the words \"not less than fifteen clear days'\" were SUBSTITUTED by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 19.3.2010. Any note giving ten days for an ordinary question is out of date.<br><br>\r\nTwo expressions in the rule repay attention. <b>\"CLEAR DAYS\"<\/b> excludes both the day of notice and the day of answer. And <i>\"unless the Speaker otherwise directs\"<\/i> means the period is the norm, not an absolute \u2014 which is what makes a SHORT NOTICE QUESTION possible at all.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other periods in this chapter, which supply the distractors:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 35<\/b> \u2014 a question is not placed on the list until <b>FIVE days<\/b> have expired from the day the Secretary-General gave notice of it to the Minister.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 47 proviso<\/b> \u2014 a postponed question is not placed on the list until <b>TWO clear days<\/b> have expired from receipt of the notice of postponement.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 54(1)<\/b> \u2014 a short notice question is one asked with notice shorter than <b>TEN clear days<\/b> (see id 36 on the mismatch between this and Rule 33).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 80, part: 2, partId: 2,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 34(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Notice of a question shall be given in writing to the Secretary-General and shall specify<br>1. the text of the question;<br>2. the official designation of the Minister to whom the question is addressed;<br>3. the date on which answer to the question is desired;<br>4. the order of preference, if any, where a member tables more than one notice of questions for the same day.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 34(1):<\/b> <i>\"Notice of a question shall be given in writing to the SECRETARY-GENERAL and shall specify\u2014 (a) the text of the question; (b) the official designation of the Minister to whom the question is addressed; (c) the date on which answer to the question is desired; and (d) the order of preference, if any, for its being placed on the list of questions, where a member tables more than one notice of questions for the same day.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nAll four clauses are in the sub-rule. Clause (d) was ADDED by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989, and clause (b) is worth reading precisely \u2014 it is the <b>OFFICIAL DESIGNATION<\/b> of the Minister, not his name. That follows from Rule 41(2)(ii), which forbids bringing in any name not strictly necessary to make the question intelligible.<br><br>\r\n<b>Clause (d) is not decorative \u2014 it operates through Rule 37(2):<\/b> where a member has given more than one starred notice for the same day, his question for the oral list <i>\"shall be selected in the order indicated by the member and if no such order is indicated, any of these questions shall be placed on the list \u2026 in the order in which notices are received in point of time.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 34(2):<\/b> <i>\"Where a notice is signed by more than one member, it shall be deemed to have been given by the FIRST SIGNATORY ONLY.\"<\/i> The same deeming appears at Rules 54(3A), 55(2) and 57 (Explanation (i)).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 81, part: 2, partId: 3,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 35\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"Unless the Speaker otherwise directs, no question shall be placed on the list of questions for answer until the expiry of how many days from the day when notice of such question was given by the Secretary-General to the Minister to whom it was addressed?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Five days\",\r\n      \"Three days\",\r\n      \"Seven days\",\r\n      \"Ten days\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Five days.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 35:<\/b> <i>\"Unless the Speaker otherwise directs, no question shall be placed on the list of questions for answer until FIVE DAYS have expired from the day when notice of such question was given by the Secretary-General to the Minister to whom it was addressed.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Read the rule carefully \u2014 the five days run from a different starting point than the fifteen days of Rule 33.<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 33<\/b> \u2014 the member's notice period: <b>fifteen clear days<\/b> from the MEMBER's notice.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 35<\/b> \u2014 the Minister's preparation period: <b>five days<\/b> from the day the SECRETARY-GENERAL communicated the admitted question TO THE MINISTER.<br>\r\nThe two run in sequence, not in parallel: the member gives notice, the Secretary-General passes the admitted question to the Ministry, and only after five days from THAT communication can it go on the list.<br><br>\r\nThis is why the marginal note to Rule 35 reads \"Notice of admitted questions to Ministers\" \u2014 the rule exists to guarantee the Ministry a working minimum to prepare an answer.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same \"unless the Speaker otherwise directs\" formula<\/b> opens Rules 32, 33, 35, 37(2) and 45 \u2014 the Question Hour rules are, throughout, defaults the Chair may vary.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 82, part: 2, partId: 4,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 37(1)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 37(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, not more than one question distinguished by an asterisk by the same member shall be placed on the list of questions for oral answer on any one day, and the total number of questions in all that shall be so placed on that list is :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"not more than fifteen\",\r\n      \"not more than twenty-five\",\r\n      \"not more than twenty\",\r\n      \"not more than thirty\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) not more than twenty.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 37(1):<\/b> <i>\"NOT MORE THAN ONE QUESTION distinguished by an asterisk BY THE SAME MEMBER and NOT MORE THAN TWENTY QUESTIONS IN ALL shall be placed on the list of questions for oral answer on any one day.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Two ceilings in one sentence, and both are examinable:<\/b> ONE starred question per member per day, and TWENTY starred questions in all on the list.<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso allows both to be exceeded in one situation only:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that when a question is postponed or transferred from one list of questions for oral answer to another, more than one question may stand in the name of one member and the total number of questions may exceed by such postponed or transferred question.\"<\/i> So a carried-over question is additional to the twenty and does not count against the member's one.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the ceilings for WRITTEN answers \u2014 Rule 45(2):<\/b> not more than <b>FOUR<\/b> questions by the same member if he already has one in the oral list, not more than <b>FIVE<\/b> if he has none, and not more than <b>230<\/b> in all.<br><br>\r\n<b>The full set of numbers in the Question Hour, worth learning together:<\/b> 1 starred per member \u00b7 20 starred in all \u00b7 4 or 5 unstarred per member \u00b7 230 unstarred in all \u00b7 25 extra for States under President's Rule.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 83, part: 2, partId: 5,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 37(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is correct with regard to the limit on the number of starred questions?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not more than two questions distinguished by an asterisk by the same member shall be placed on the list for oral answer on any one day\",\r\n      \"The limit on starred questions by the same member is fixed by the Speaker from time to time\",\r\n      \"There is no limit on the number of starred questions by the same member, subject to the overall limit of twenty\",\r\n      \"Not more than one question distinguished by an asterisk by the same member shall be placed on the list for oral answer on any one day\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Not more than ONE.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 37(1):<\/b> <i>\"Not more than ONE QUESTION distinguished by an asterisk BY THE SAME MEMBER and not more than twenty questions in all shall be placed on the list of questions for oral answer on any one day.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe one-per-member rule is what spreads the twenty places across twenty different members, and it is the reason clause (d) of Rule 34(1) exists at all: a member who tables several starred notices for the same day must indicate his <b>ORDER OF PREFERENCE<\/b>, because only one of them can be listed.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 37(2)<\/b> completes the machinery: <i>\"Unless the Speaker otherwise directs, where a member has given more than one notice of questions distinguished by an asterisk for same day, the member's question for the list of questions for oral answer shall be SELECTED IN THE ORDER INDICATED BY THE MEMBER and if no such order is indicated, ANY OF THESE QUESTIONS shall be placed on the list of questions for oral answer IN THE ORDER IN WHICH NOTICES ARE RECEIVED IN POINT OF TIME.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>And the surplus is not wasted \u2014 Rule 45(1):<\/b> questions which have been ADMITTED but not included in the oral list are included in the list for WRITTEN answer, in accordance with the orders of the Speaker.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 84, part: 2, partId: 6,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 37(2)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 37(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where a member has given more than one notice of starred questions for the same day and has not indicated any order of preference, the question to be placed on the list for oral answer shall be determined\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in the order in which the notices are received in point of time\",\r\n      \"by ballot held by the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"by the Minister to whom the questions are addressed\",\r\n      \"in the order of the seniority of the member in the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) in the order in which the notices are received in point of time.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 37(2):<\/b> <i>\"Unless the Speaker otherwise directs, where a member has given more than one notice of questions distinguished by an asterisk for same day, the member's question for the list of questions for oral answer shall be selected IN THE ORDER INDICATED BY THE MEMBER and if no such order is indicated, any of these questions shall be placed on the list of questions for oral answer IN THE ORDER IN WHICH NOTICES ARE RECEIVED IN POINT OF TIME.\"<\/i> (Substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\nSo there are two limbs in sequence: <b>first<\/b>, the member's own order of preference under Rule 34(1)(d); <b>failing that<\/b>, time of receipt. A ballot has no place here.<br><br>\r\n<b>Where a BALLOT is used in these three chapters \u2014 know the four:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 54(4)<\/b> \u2014 where several members give short notice questions on the same subject, the names of not more than four other members are shown against the admitted question, <b>as determined by ballot<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(4)<\/b> \u2014 if more than two Half-an-Hour Discussion notices are admitted, the Secretary-General holds a <b>ballot<\/b> to draw two.<br>\r\n<b>Explanation to Rule 55(5)<\/b> \u2014 if more than four members ask to put a question, a <b>ballot<\/b> determines the first four.<br>\r\n<b>Explanation (ii) to Rule 57<\/b> \u2014 a <b>ballot<\/b> determines the relative priority of all adjournment notices on the same subject.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 85, part: 2, partId: 7,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 38\",\r\n    question: \"The time available for answering questions is allotted on different days in rotation for the answering of questions relating to such Ministry or Ministries as the Speaker may provide. On a day so allotted, questions relating to other Ministries\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"may be placed on the list for oral answer without any restriction\",\r\n      \"shall be placed on the list only for written answer\",\r\n      \"shall not be placed on the list for oral answer, unless the Speaker with the consent of the Minister concerned otherwise directs\",\r\n      \"shall be placed on the list only with the permission of the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 38:<\/b> <i>\"The time available for answering questions shall be allotted on DIFFERENT DAYS IN ROTATION for the answering of questions relating to such Ministry or Ministries as the Speaker may, from time to time, provide, and on each such day, UNLESS THE SPEAKER WITH THE CONSENT OF THE MINISTER CONCERNED OTHERWISE DIRECTS, ONLY QUESTIONS RELATING TO THE MINISTRY OR MINISTRIES FOR WHICH TIME HAS BEEN ALLOTTED ON THAT DAY shall be placed on the list of questions for oral answer.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis is the rule behind the familiar \"Ministry-wise grouping of days\" in the Question Hour. Note that the exception is doubly conditioned \u2014 the Speaker must so direct <b>AND<\/b> the Minister concerned must consent. It is one of the very few places in the Rules where the Speaker's power is qualified by a Minister's consent (compare the third proviso to Rule 55(2), where the Speaker may waive the notice period for a Half-an-Hour Discussion <i>\"with the consent of the Minister concerned\"<\/i>).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 43(2)<\/b> is expressly made <i>\"subject to the provisions of rule 38\"<\/i>: the Speaker may direct a question to be listed for a later date than the member asked for, but not so as to disturb the rotation. <b>Rule 47<\/b> carries the same subjection for postponed questions.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 86, part: 2, partId: 8,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 39(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Where a question placed on the list of questions for oral answer on any day is not called for answer within the time available for answering questions on that day, a written answer to such question\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall be deemed to have been laid on the Table at the end of the Question Hour, or as soon as the questions for oral answer have been disposed of\",\r\n      \"shall be furnished to the member concerned by post within seven days\",\r\n      \"shall be placed on the list of questions for oral answer on the next day\",\r\n      \"shall lapse and fresh notice shall be necessary\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 39(1):<\/b> <i>\"If a question is not distinguished by an asterisk or if a question placed on the list of questions for oral answer on any day is NOT CALLED FOR ANSWER within the time available for answering questions on that day, a written answer to such question shall be DEEMED TO HAVE BEEN LAID ON THE TABLE AT THE END OF THE QUESTION HOUR or as soon as the questions for oral answer have been disposed of, as the case may be, by the Minister to whom the question is addressed.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe sub-rule covers <b>two situations at once<\/b>, and that is what makes it worth reading closely: a question never asterisked at all, and an asterisked question that was not reached. Both end the same way \u2014 a written answer deemed laid on the Table.<br><br>\r\n\"Deemed to have been laid\" means nothing is read out and nothing is moved; the answer simply becomes part of the proceedings of that day. That is also why <b>Rule 50(3)<\/b> can say <i>\"No discussion shall be permitted during the time for questions under rule 32 in respect of any question or of any answer given to a question\"<\/i> \u2014 there is nothing before the House to discuss.<br><br>\r\n<b>The one true exception in the whole rule is Rule 39(4):<\/b> <i>\"If the LAST SITTING OF A SESSION is cancelled, the questions in the lists of questions for oral as well as written answer for that day SHALL LAPSE.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 87, part: 2, partId: 9,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 39(4)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 39(4) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, if the last sitting of a session is cancelled, the questions in the lists of questions for oral as well as written answer for that day\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall be carried forward to the first sitting of the next session\",\r\n      \"shall be deemed to have been laid on the Table at the next sitting of the House\",\r\n      \"shall lapse\",\r\n      \"shall be answered by the Ministers concerned by post\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) shall lapse.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 39(4):<\/b> <i>\"If the last sitting of a session is cancelled, the questions in the lists of questions for oral as well as written answer for that day shall LAPSE.\"<\/i> (Added by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>This is the ONLY situation in Rule 39 in which questions lapse.<\/b> Everywhere else the answers survive by being deemed laid on the Table \u2014 and the contrast is exactly where a question is set:<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 39(2)<\/b> \u2014 where there is NO Question Hour because a sitting is cancelled or adjourned without transacting any business, the answers are deemed laid on the Table <b>at the NEXT sitting, after the Question Hour<\/b>, and form part of the proceedings of that day.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 39(3)<\/b> \u2014 where the Question Hour is DISPENSED WITH, the answers are deemed laid and form part of the proceedings of the day; but by the <b>first proviso<\/b>, if the House does not continue sitting after dispensing with the Question Hour, they are deemed laid after the Question Hour at the NEXT sitting.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Second proviso to 39(3)<\/b> \u2014 if the Question Hour is INTERRUPTED after the oral list has been partly disposed of and the sitting continues, the remaining answers are deemed laid <b>after 12 O'clock<\/b> and form part of the proceedings of the day.<br><br>\r\n<b>Why the LAST sitting is different:<\/b> there is no \"next sitting\" of that session to carry the answers to.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 88, part: 2, partId: 10,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 39(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 39(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, if there is no Question Hour owing to the cancellation of a sitting or its adjournment without transacting any business, the answers to questions included in the lists for oral as well as written answer shall be deemed to have been laid on the Table\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"immediately on the resumption of the same sitting\",\r\n      \"on such day as the Speaker may direct\",\r\n      \"at the next sitting of the House before the Question Hour\",\r\n      \"at the next sitting of the House after the Question Hour\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) at the next sitting of the House after the Question Hour.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 39(2):<\/b> <i>\"If there is no Question Hour owing to the cancellation of a sitting or its adjournment without transacting any business, the answers to questions included in the lists of questions for oral as well as written answer shall be deemed to have been laid on the Table by the Ministers to whom such questions are addressed AT THE NEXT SITTING OF THE HOUSE AFTER THE QUESTION HOUR and form part of the proceedings of that day.\"<\/i> (Substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\nNote the precise placing \u2014 <b>AFTER<\/b> the Question Hour of the next sitting, not before it. The next sitting has its own list to get through first; the carried-over answers follow it.<br><br>\r\n<b>The scheme of Rule 39 in one view:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>(1)<\/b> question not asterisked, or not reached \u2192 written answer deemed laid at the end of the Question Hour that day.<br>\r\n<b>(2)<\/b> no Question Hour at all (cancellation \/ adjournment without business) \u2192 deemed laid at the NEXT sitting after the Question Hour.<br>\r\n<b>(3)<\/b> Question Hour dispensed with \u2192 deemed laid, part of that day's proceedings; but if the House does not continue sitting, then at the next sitting after the Question Hour.<br>\r\n<b>(3), second proviso<\/b> \u2014 Question Hour interrupted mid-list and the sitting continues \u2192 remaining answers deemed laid <b>after 12 O'clock<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>(4)<\/b> LAST sitting of the session cancelled \u2192 questions LAPSE.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 89, part: 2, partId: 11,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Second proviso to Rule 39(3)\",\r\n    question: \"Where the Question Hour is interrupted after the list of questions for oral answer has been taken up, the list is partly disposed of and the sitting continues, the answers to the remaining questions shall be deemed to have been laid on the Table\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"after 12 O'clock, and shall form part of the proceedings of the day\",\r\n      \"at the end of the sitting\",\r\n      \"at the next sitting of the House after the Question Hour\",\r\n      \"immediately on the interruption ceasing\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) after 12 O'clock, and shall form part of the proceedings of the day.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 39(3):<\/b> <i>\"Provided further that if the Question Hour is INTERRUPTED after having taken up the list of questions for oral answer and the list is PARTLY DISPOSED OF and the sitting continues, answers to remaining questions in the list of questions for oral answer and answers to questions in the list of questions for written answer shall be deemed to have been laid on the Table AFTER 12 O'CLOCK and form part of the proceedings of the day.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe hour is fixed because the Question Hour ordinarily runs from 11.00 to 12.00 under Rules 12 and 32. Twelve o'clock is where the Question Hour would have ended in any event \u2014 and it is also where Zero Hour, an entirely informal device found nowhere in these rules, begins.<br><br>\r\n<b>Three conditions must concur for this proviso to apply, and a question can be set on any of them:<\/b> the oral list must have been <b>TAKEN UP<\/b>; it must be <b>PARTLY DISPOSED OF<\/b>; and the <b>SITTING MUST CONTINUE<\/b>. If the sitting does not continue, the FIRST proviso applies instead and the answers go to the next sitting.<br><br>\r\nCompare <b>Rule 39(1)<\/b>, which deals with the ordinary case of a question simply not reached within the time available \u2014 there the answer is deemed laid at the end of the Question Hour.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 90, part: 2, partId: 12,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 40\",\r\n    question: \"A question may be addressed to a private member provided that\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the subject matter of the question relates to some Bill, resolution or other matter connected with the business of the House for which that member is responsible\",\r\n      \"the member consents in writing to answer the question\",\r\n      \"the question relates to a matter within the special cognizance of that member\",\r\n      \"the Speaker certifies that the question is of urgent public importance\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 40:<\/b> <i>\"A question may be addressed to a private member provided the subject matter of the question relates to some BILL, RESOLUTION OR OTHER MATTER CONNECTED WITH THE BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE FOR WHICH THAT MEMBER IS RESPONSIBLE; and the procedure in regard to such questions shall, as far as may be, be the same as that followed in the case of questions addressed to a Minister with such variations as the Speaker may consider necessary or convenient.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule is short but has real content, and it is easily overlooked because the Question Hour is thought of as addressed to Ministers alone. A private member in charge of a Bill under <b>Rule 65<\/b>, or the mover of a resolution under <b>Rule 170<\/b>, can be questioned on it.<br><br>\r\n<b>The limiting words are \"FOR WHICH THAT MEMBER IS RESPONSIBLE\"<\/b> \u2014 the question must arise out of business he is carrying in the House, not out of his opinions or his conduct at large.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast Rule 41(1)<\/b>, which governs questions to Ministers: <i>\"a question may be asked for the purpose of obtaining information on a matter of public importance WITHIN THE SPECIAL COGNIZANCE OF THE MINISTER to whom it is addressed.\"<\/i> Option (c) borrows that phrase, which belongs to Ministers, not private members.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 91, part: 2, partId: 13,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 41(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Under the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a question may be asked for the purpose of\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"expressing the opinion of the member on a matter of public importance\",\r\n      \"obtaining information on a matter of public importance within the special cognizance of the Minister to whom it is addressed\",\r\n      \"eliciting the policy of the Government on any matter whatsoever\",\r\n      \"drawing the attention of the House to a matter of urgent public importance\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 41(1):<\/b> <i>\"Subject to the provisions of sub-rule (2), a question may be asked for the purpose of OBTAINING INFORMATION on a matter of PUBLIC IMPORTANCE within the SPECIAL COGNIZANCE OF THE MINISTER to whom it is addressed.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThree requirements are packed into that sentence, and every one of the twenty-three conditions in sub-rule (2) flows from them:<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>OBTAINING INFORMATION<\/b> \u2014 which is why 41(2)(v) forbids asking for an expression of opinion, and why 50(2)(ii) holds a supplementary out of order if, instead of seeking information, it GIVES information.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>PUBLIC IMPORTANCE<\/b> \u2014 which is why 41(2)(xiv) bars information on trivial matters.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>SPECIAL COGNIZANCE OF THE MINISTER<\/b> \u2014 which is why 41(2)(viii) bars matters not primarily the concern of the Government of India, (xvii) bars matters under bodies not primarily responsible to it, and (xix) bars matters with which the Minister is not officially concerned.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) describes a different device altogether<\/b> \u2014 CALLING ATTENTION under Rule 197, where a member calls the attention of a Minister to a matter of urgent public importance and the Minister makes a statement. A question seeks INFORMATION; a calling attention seeks a STATEMENT.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 92, part: 2, partId: 14,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 41(2)(vii)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"Among the conditions governing the right to ask a question is that it shall be clearly and precisely expressed and shall not be too general, incapable of any specific answer or in the nature of a leading question; and it shall not ordinarily exceed :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"100 words\",\r\n      \"200 words\",\r\n      \"150 words\",\r\n      \"250 words\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 150 words.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 41(2)(vii):<\/b> <i>\"it shall not ordinarily exceed 150 WORDS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the word <b>\"ORDINARILY\"<\/b>. Several of the twenty-three conditions in Rule 41(2) are qualified in this way \u2014 clauses (vii), (xv), (xvi) [by its subject-matter], (xxii) and (xxiii) all read \"shall not ORDINARILY\" \u2014 while the rest are absolute. That distinction is itself worth carrying, because an option that turns an \"ordinarily\" into an absolute is a standard distractor.<br><br>\r\n<b>The clauses that are qualified by \"ordinarily\":<\/b><br>\r\n(vii) shall not ordinarily exceed 150 words;<br>\r\n(xv) shall not ordinarily ask for information on matters of past history;<br>\r\n(xxii) shall not ordinarily ask for information on matters which are under consideration of a Parliamentary Committee;<br>\r\n(xxiii) shall not ordinarily ask about matters pending before any statutory tribunal or statutory authority performing judicial or quasi-judicial functions, or any commission or court of enquiry \u2014 <b>but may refer to matters concerned with procedure or subject or stage of enquiry, if it is not likely to prejudice the consideration of the matter<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The 150-word limit gives effect to 41(2)(i):<\/b> a question <i>\"shall be clearly and precisely expressed and shall not be too general incapable of any specific answer or in the nature of a leading question.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 93, part: 2, partId: 15,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 41(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is NOT a condition governing the right to ask a question in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"It shall be clearly and precisely expressed and shall not be too general incapable of any specific answer or in the nature of a leading question\",\r\n      \"If it contains a statement, the member shall make oneself responsible for the accuracy of the statement\",\r\n      \"It shall ask for an expression of opinion or the solution of an abstract legal question or of a hypothetical proposition\",\r\n      \"It shall not bring in any name or statement not strictly necessary to make the question intelligible\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this is NOT a condition; the rule says the opposite.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 41(2)(v):<\/b> <i>\"it shall NOT ask for an expression of opinion or the solution of an abstract legal question or of a hypothetical proposition.\"<\/i> The option has had the negative stripped out \u2014 the Commission's signature construction on every admissibility rule.<br><br>\r\nThe bar follows directly from Rule 41(1): a question is for <b>OBTAINING INFORMATION<\/b>. An opinion is not information; nor is the answer to an abstract legal question or a hypothetical proposition.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are conditions, verbatim:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>41(2)(i)<\/b> \u2014 clearly and precisely expressed, not too general incapable of any specific answer, not in the nature of a leading question (A \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>41(2)(iii)<\/b> \u2014 if it contains a statement, the member shall make himself responsible for its accuracy (B \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>41(2)(ii)<\/b> \u2014 shall not bring in any name or statement not strictly necessary to make the question intelligible (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>Read every option for the \"NOT\" first.<\/b> The same technique governs Rule 173 (resolutions), Rule 186 (motions), Rule 224 (privilege) and Rule 58 (adjournment motions) \u2014 and it is how the Commission set Q25, Q33, Q35 and Q39 of the 2025 paper.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 94, part: 2, partId: 16,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 41(2)(xxi)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 41(2)(xxi) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, under the conditions governing the right to ask a question, a question shall not seek information about matters which are in their nature secret. Which of the following are given as examples of such matters?<br>1. Composition of Cabinet Committees<br>2. Cabinet discussions<br>3. Advice given to the President in relation to any matter in respect of which there is a constitutional, statutory or conventional obligation not to disclose information<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 41(2)(xxi):<\/b> <i>\"it shall not seek information about matters which are in their nature secret, such as COMPOSITION OF CABINET COMMITTEES, CABINET DISCUSSIONS, or ADVICE GIVEN TO THE PRESIDENT in relation to any matter in respect of which there is a constitutional, statutory or conventional obligation not to disclose information.\"<\/i> (Substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\nAll three examples are in the clause. The third has a constitutional foundation \u2014 <b>Article 74(2):<\/b> <i>\"The question whether any, and if so what, advice was tendered by Ministers to the President shall not be inquired into in any court.\"<\/i> The rule extends the same protection to the floor of the House.<br><br>\r\nNote that even the <b>COMPOSITION<\/b> of a Cabinet Committee \u2014 merely who sits on it \u2014 is treated as secret, which is a striking limit and the detail most often missed.<br><br>\r\n<b>The related confidentiality provisions elsewhere in the Rules:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 53<\/b> \u2014 answers which Ministers propose to give shall not be released for publication until actually given on the floor or laid on the Table.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 41(2)(ix)<\/b> \u2014 a question shall not ask about proceedings in a Committee which have not been placed before the House by a report.<br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 270<\/b> \u2014 Government may decline to produce a document before a Committee on the ground that disclosure would be prejudicial to the safety or interest of the State.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 95, part: 2, partId: 17,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 41(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the conditions governing the right to ask a question:<br>1. It shall not ask about proceedings in a Committee which have not been placed before the House by a report from the Committee.<br>2. It shall not ask for information set forth in accessible documents or in ordinary works of reference.<br>3. It shall not refer discourteously to a friendly foreign country.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three are clauses of <b>Rule 41(2)<\/b>:<br>\r\n<b>(ix)<\/b> <i>\"it shall not ask about proceedings in the Committee which have not been placed before the House by a report from the Committee.\"<\/i> This mirrors <b>Rule 275(2)<\/b>, under which no part of the evidence, report or proceedings of a Committee not laid on the Table is open to inspection except under the authority of the Speaker.<br>\r\n<b>(xvi)<\/b> <i>\"it shall not ask for information set forth in accessible documents or in ordinary works of reference.\"<\/i> The Question Hour is not a reference library \u2014 if the answer is already published, the question fails.<br>\r\n<b>(xx)<\/b> <i>\"it shall not refer discourteously to a friendly foreign country.\"<\/i> A rule of comity, and the counterpart of <b>Rule 353<\/b>, which bars allegations against persons, and of the general requirement of parliamentary language.<br><br>\r\n<b>The twenty-three conditions in Rule 41(2) group naturally, and grouping them is the only practical way to hold them:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>FORM<\/b> \u2014 (i) clear and precise, (ii) no unnecessary names, (iii) accuracy of any statement, (iv) no arguments, inferences, ironical expressions, imputations, epithets or defamatory statements, (vii) 150 words.<br>\r\n<b>SUBJECT<\/b> \u2014 (v) no opinions or hypotheticals, (viii) primarily the concern of the Government of India, (xii) no policy questions too large for an answer, (xiv) not trivial, (xv) not past history, (xvi) not accessible documents, (xvii) not bodies not responsible to the Government of India, (xix) Minister officially concerned.<br>\r\n<b>PERSONS<\/b> \u2014 (vi) conduct only in official or public capacity, (x) no reflection on persons challengeable only on a substantive motion, (xi) no charge of a personal character.<br>\r\n<b>PROTECTED GROUND<\/b> \u2014 (ix) Committee proceedings, (xviii) sub judice, (xx) friendly foreign country, (xxi) secret matters, (xxii) matters before a Parliamentary Committee, (xxiii) statutory tribunals and commissions.<br>\r\n<b>REPETITION<\/b> \u2014 (xiii) not repeating in substance questions already answered or refused.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 96, part: 2, partId: 18,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 41(2)(xxiii)\",\r\n    question: \"A question relating to a matter pending before a commission or court of enquiry appointed to enquire into any matter shall not ordinarily be asked, but it may refer to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"matters concerned with procedure or subject or stage of enquiry, if it is not likely to prejudice the consideration of the matter\",\r\n      \"the findings likely to be reached by the commission\",\r\n      \"the conduct of the members of the commission\",\r\n      \"the evidence tendered before the commission\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 41(2)(xxiii):<\/b> <i>\"it shall not ordinarily ask about matters pending before any statutory tribunal or statutory authority performing any judicial or quasi-judicial functions or any commission or court of enquiry appointed to enquire into, or investigate, any matter BUT MAY REFER TO MATTERS CONCERNED WITH PROCEDURE OR SUBJECT OR STAGE OF ENQUIRY, IF IT IS NOT LIKELY TO PREJUDICE THE CONSIDERATION OF THE MATTER by the tribunal or commission or court of enquiry.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe permitted ground is narrow and precisely marked: <b>PROCEDURE, SUBJECT or STAGE of enquiry<\/b> \u2014 never the merits, the evidence or the likely outcome \u2014 and even then only if the reference will not prejudice the matter.<br><br>\r\n<b>The identical carve-out runs through the Rules, and recognising it as a pattern saves learning it four times:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 59<\/b> (adjournment motions) \u2014 no motion seeking to raise discussion on such a matter shall ordinarily be permitted, <i>\"Provided that the Speaker may while exercising discretion allow such matter being raised in the House as is concerned with the PROCEDURE OR SUBJECT OR STAGE OF ENQUIRY if the Speaker is satisfied that it is not likely to prejudice the consideration of such matter.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 175<\/b> (resolutions) \u2014 the Speaker may allow discussion on a sub judice matter if satisfied it is not likely to prejudice its consideration.<br><br>\r\n<b>Distinguish clause (xviii)<\/b>, which is absolute: a question <i>\"shall not relate to a matter which is under adjudication by a COURT OF LAW having jurisdiction in any part of India.\"<\/i> Courts of law get an unqualified bar; tribunals and commissions get a qualified one.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 97, part: 2, partId: 19,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 42\",\r\n    question: \"In matters which are or have been the subject of correspondence between the Government of India and the Government of a State,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"no question shall be asked at all\",\r\n      \"no question shall be asked except as to matters of fact, and the answer shall be confined to a statement of fact\",\r\n      \"a question may be asked only with the previous consent of the State Government concerned\",\r\n      \"a question may be asked only after the correspondence has been laid on the Table\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 42:<\/b> <i>\"In matters which are or have been the subject of correspondence between the Government of India and the Government of a State, NO QUESTION SHALL BE ASKED EXCEPT AS TO MATTERS OF FACT, AND THE ANSWER SHALL BE CONFINED TO A STATEMENT OF FACT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe restriction runs both ways, and that symmetry is the point of the rule: the <b>QUESTION<\/b> is confined to matters of fact, and the <b>ANSWER<\/b> is confined to a statement of fact. Neither side may use the Question Hour to conduct, or comment on, Centre-State correspondence.<br><br>\r\nNote the words <i>\"ARE OR HAVE BEEN\"<\/i> \u2014 the restriction survives the closure of the correspondence; it is not limited to live exchanges.<br><br>\r\nThe rule belongs to the same family as <b>Rule 41(2)(viii)<\/b> \u2014 a question shall not relate to a matter which is not primarily the concern of the Government of India \u2014 and <b>41(2)(xvii)<\/b> \u2014 it shall not raise matters under the control of bodies or persons not primarily responsible to the Government of India. All three protect the federal division: the Lok Sabha questions the Union executive, not the States.<br><br>\r\nOption (a) overstates the rule, which permits factual questions; option (c) would give a State Government a veto over the Union Parliament's proceedings, which nothing in the Rules contemplates.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 98, part: 2, partId: 20,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 43(2)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 43(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, without disturbing the rotational allotment of days to Ministries, the Speaker may direct that a question be placed on the list of questions for answer on a date later than that specified by the member in the notice, if the Speaker is of the opinion that\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Minister concerned requires more time to prepare the answer\",\r\n      \"a longer period is necessary to decide whether the question is or is not admissible\",\r\n      \"the question is of insufficient public importance\",\r\n      \"the list of questions for that day is already full\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) a longer period is necessary to decide admissibility.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 43(2):<\/b> <i>\"SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF RULE 38, the Speaker may direct that a question be placed on the list of questions for answer on a date later than that specified by a member in the notice if the Speaker is of the opinion that A LONGER PERIOD IS NECESSARY TO DECIDE WHETHER THE QUESTION IS OR IS NOT ADMISSIBLE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe ground is <b>ADMISSIBILITY<\/b> and nothing else \u2014 it is a power to buy time for the Chair's own decision under Rule 43(1), not a convenience for the Ministry. Option (a) is the natural but wrong reading; the Ministry's time is protected instead by <b>Rule 35<\/b>, which keeps a question off the list until five days have expired from the day the Secretary-General communicated it to the Minister.<br><br>\r\n<b>The opening words matter too.<\/b> Being \"subject to the provisions of rule 38\", the power cannot be used so as to disturb the ROTATIONAL allotment of days to Ministries. The same subjection appears in <b>Rule 47<\/b> for postponed questions.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 43(1)<\/b> is the parent power: <i>\"The Speaker shall decide whether a question, or a part thereof, is or is not admissible under these rules and may disallow any question, or a part thereof, when in the opinion of the Speaker, it is an ABUSE OF THE RIGHT OF QUESTIONING or is CALCULATED TO OBSTRUCT OR PREJUDICIALLY AFFECT THE PROCEDURE OF THE HOUSE or is IN CONTRAVENTION OF THESE RULES.\"<\/i> \u2014 three grounds, and only three.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 99, part: 2, partId: 21,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 44\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 44 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, if in the opinion of the Speaker a question put down for oral answer is of such a nature that a written reply would be more appropriate, the Speaker\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall return the question to the member for fresh notice\",\r\n      \"may disallow the question altogether\",\r\n      \"shall refer the question to the Minister concerned for his opinion\",\r\n      \"may direct that such question be placed on the list of questions for written answer\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 44:<\/b> <i>\"If in the opinion of the Speaker any question put down for oral answer is of such a nature that a written reply would be more appropriate, the Speaker may direct that such question be placed on the list of questions for WRITTEN ANSWER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso adds a safeguard for the member, and it is the detail worth carrying:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that the Speaker, IF THINKS FIT, MAY CALL UPON THE MEMBER WHO HAS GIVEN NOTICE of a question for oral answer TO STATE IN BRIEF THE REASONS FOR DESIRING AN ORAL ANSWER and, after considering the same, may direct that the question be included in the list of questions for written answer.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo the member may be heard before his starred question is converted \u2014 though the Speaker is not obliged to hear him (\"if thinks fit\"), and the decision remains the Speaker's.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the direction of travel.<\/b> Rule 44 works one way only: <b>ORAL \u2192 WRITTEN<\/b>. There is no rule permitting a question tabled for written answer to be converted to oral. A member who wants an oral answer must asterisk it himself under <b>Rule 36<\/b>, and take his chance against the ceilings in Rule 37(1) \u2014 one per member, twenty in all.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 45(1)<\/b> handles the residue: questions admitted but not included in the oral list are included in the written list, in accordance with the orders of the Speaker.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 100, part: 2, partId: 22,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 45(2)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"In the list of questions for written answer on any one day, not more than four questions by the same member if that member has one question in the list of questions for oral answer, and not more than five questions if that member has none in that list, shall be included; and the total number of questions in all that shall be so included is :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"not more than 150\",\r\n      \"not more than 200\",\r\n      \"not more than 230\",\r\n      \"not more than 250\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) not more than 230.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 45(2):<\/b> <i>\"In the list of questions for written answer on any one day, not more than FOUR questions by the same member if she or he has one question in the list of questions for oral answer, and not more than FIVE questions if that member has none in the list of questions for oral answer, and NOT MORE THAN 230 QUESTIONS IN ALL, shall be included.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Three ceilings in one sentence:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>FOUR<\/b> per member if he already has a starred question listed;<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>FIVE<\/b> per member if he has none;<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>230<\/b> in all.<br>\r\nThe four-or-five distinction is the elegant part: a member with a place in the oral list gets one fewer written question, so that the total any one member can have listed on a day is five either way.<br><br>\r\n<b>The two provisos, each of which permits the 230 to be exceeded:<\/b><br>\r\n<i>\"Provided that these limits may be exceeded by the number of questions TRANSFERRED OR POSTPONED from one list of questions for written answer to another\"<\/i>;<br>\r\n<i>\"Provided further that the overall limit of 230 questions \u2026 may exceed by the number of questions pertaining to a STATE OR STATES UNDER PRESIDENT'S RULE subject to the MAXIMUM LIMIT OF 25.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe second proviso exists because when a State is under President's Rule its administration answers to Parliament, and the Union Government must field questions it would not otherwise face.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 101, part: 2, partId: 23,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 45(2) provisos\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"The overall limit of 230 questions in the list of questions for written answer on any one day may be exceeded by the number of questions transferred or postponed from one such list to another, and also by the number of questions pertaining to a State or States under President's Rule, the latter being subject to a maximum limit of :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"10\",\r\n      \"15\",\r\n      \"20\",\r\n      \"25\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 25.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 45(2):<\/b> <i>\"Provided further that the overall limit of 230 questions in the list of questions for written answer on any one day may exceed by the number of questions pertaining to a State or States under PRESIDENT'S RULE subject to the MAXIMUM LIMIT OF 25.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The rationale is constitutional.<\/b> Under <b>Article 356<\/b>, when a Proclamation is issued the powers of the State Legislature are exercisable by or under the authority of Parliament. The administration of that State therefore becomes answerable to Parliament, and members must be able to question it \u2014 but without swamping the ordinary business of the Question Hour, hence the cap of twenty-five.<br><br>\r\n<b>The first proviso allows a different kind of excess:<\/b> the limits <i>\"may be exceeded by the number of questions transferred or postponed from one list of questions for written answer to another.\"<\/i> A carried-over question is additional to the 230, not counted against it.<br><br>\r\n<b>The identical technique appears in Rule 37(1) for starred questions:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that when a question is postponed or transferred from one list of questions for oral answer to another, more than one question may stand in the name of one member and the total number of questions may exceed by such postponed or transferred question.\"<\/i> In both rules, a question that has already waited is not made to wait again.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 102, part: 2, partId: 24,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 46\",\r\n    question: \"A question not reached for oral answer during the Question Hour may be answered after the end of the Question Hour\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"as a matter of right, on the member so requesting\",\r\n      \"with the permission of the Speaker, if the Minister represents to the Speaker that the question is one of special public interest to which the Minister desired to give a reply\",\r\n      \"only if the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs so requests\",\r\n      \"in no circumstances, a written answer being deemed to have been laid on the Table\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 46:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that a question not reached for oral answer may be answered after the end of the Question Hour WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER if the MINISTER REPRESENTS TO THE SPEAKER that the question is one of SPECIAL PUBLIC INTEREST to which the Minister DESIRED TO GIVE A REPLY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote whose initiative this is. The proviso is triggered by the <b>MINISTER's<\/b> representation, not the member's \u2014 which disposes of option (a). The Minister wants to answer; the Speaker permits it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 46<\/b> itself supplies the general rule: <i>\"Questions for oral answers shall be called in the order in which they stand on the list.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) states the ordinary position, and the proviso is the exception to it.<\/b> Under <b>Rule 39(1)<\/b>, an asterisked question not called within the time available gets a written answer deemed laid on the Table at the end of the Question Hour. The proviso to Rule 46 allows that outcome to be displaced where the Minister himself asks to answer orally.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare Rule 54(2)<\/b>, the other case of a question taken after the oral list: a short notice question, once accepted by the Minister, <i>\"shall be called IMMEDIATELY AFTER the questions which have appeared on the list of questions for oral answer have been disposed of.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 103, part: 2, partId: 25,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 47\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"A question postponed by a member to a later day shall not be placed on the list until the expiry of how many clear days from the day when the notice of postponement was received by the Secretary-General?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"One clear day\",\r\n      \"Three clear days\",\r\n      \"Two clear days\",\r\n      \"Five clear days\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Two clear days.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 47:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that a postponed question shall not be placed on the list until TWO CLEAR DAYS have expired from the day when the notice of postponement has been received by the Secretary-General.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 47<\/b> itself: <i>\"A member may, by notice given at any time before the sitting for which such member's question has been placed on the list, WITHDRAW the question, or POSTPONE it to a later day to be specified in the notice and on such later day the question shall, SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF RULE 38, be placed on the list AFTER ALL QUESTIONS WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN SO POSTPONED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Three consequences follow for a postponed question, and any of them can be asked:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 it goes on the list <b>AFTER<\/b> all questions not so postponed \u2014 it loses its place;<br>\r\n\u2022 the listing remains <b>subject to Rule 38<\/b>, so the Ministry rotation is not disturbed;<br>\r\n\u2022 it cannot be listed until <b>two clear days<\/b> have expired from receipt of the postponement notice.<br><br>\r\n<b>But a postponed question gains one advantage<\/b> \u2014 under the proviso to <b>Rule 37(1)<\/b> it does not count against the member's one-starred-question limit or against the ceiling of twenty, and under the first proviso to <b>Rule 45(2)<\/b> it does not count against the 230.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 104, part: 2, partId: 26,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 48\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the mode of asking questions:<br>1. When the time for asking questions arrives, the Speaker shall call successively each member in whose name a question appears on the list of questions.<br>2. The member so called shall rise in one's own place and ask the question by reference to its number on the list of questions.<br>3. If on a question being called it is not asked, or the member in whose name it stands is absent, the Speaker may direct that the answer to it be given.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three are the sub-rules of <b>Rule 48<\/b>:<br>\r\n<b>48(1):<\/b> <i>\"When the time for asking questions arrives, the Speaker shall call SUCCESSIVELY each member in whose name a question appears on the list of questions.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>48(2):<\/b> <i>\"The member so called shall RISE IN ONE'S OWN PLACE and, unless the member expresses unwillingness to ask the question standing in the name of such member, ask the question BY REFERENCE TO ITS NUMBER on the list of questions.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>48(3):<\/b> <i>\"If on a question being called it is not asked or the member in whose name it stands is absent, the Speaker MAY direct that the answer to it be given.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Three points of practice come out of this rule:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 the question is asked <b>BY ITS NUMBER<\/b>, not read out \u2014 the text is already printed in the list;<br>\r\n\u2022 a member may decline, by <b>expressing unwillingness<\/b> \u2014 the same technique as Rules 7(3) and 8(3) for motions on the election of the Speaker;<br>\r\n\u2022 the absence of the member does not kill the question: the Speaker <b>MAY<\/b> still direct the answer to be given, so that the information reaches the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note \"MAY\" in sub-rule (3)<\/b> \u2014 it is a discretion, not a duty. If the Speaker does not so direct, the question falls to be dealt with under Rule 39(1) as one not called for answer.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 105, part: 2, partId: 27,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 50(2)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 50(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a supplementary question shall be held out of order by the Speaker if, in the opinion of the Speaker,<br>1. it does not arise from the main question or its answer;<br>2. instead of seeking information, it gives information;<br>3. it involves more than one separate issues;<br>4. it seeks confirmation or denial of an opinion.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 50(2):<\/b> <i>\"A supplementary question, shall be held out of order by the Speaker if, in the opinion of the Speaker:\u2014 (i) it does not arise from the main question or its answer; (ii) INSTEAD OF SEEKING INFORMATION, IT GIVES INFORMATION; (iii) it involves more than one separate issues; (iv) it seeks confirmation or denial of an opinion; and (v) it infringes any of the rules regarding questions.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nAll four listed are there, and the fifth ground \u2014 infringing any of the rules regarding questions \u2014 carries the whole of Rule 41(2) into the supplementary stage.<br><br>\r\n<b>Clause (ii) is the one the examiner returns to<\/b>, and it follows directly from Rule 41(1): a question exists <i>\"for the purpose of OBTAINING INFORMATION\"<\/i>. A member who uses a supplementary to make a speech or supply facts is out of order at once. Clause (iv) is the same principle in another form \u2014 an opinion is not information, and Rule 41(2)(v) already bars asking for one.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 50(1)<\/b> confers the right: the member in whose name the question is listed for oral answer, <b>or any other member WHEN CALLED BY THE SPEAKER<\/b>, may ask a supplementary <i>\"for the purpose of further elucidating any matter of fact regarding which an answer has been given.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 50(3)<\/b> closes the door on anything more: no discussion is permitted during the Question Hour on any question or any answer. Where fuller elucidation is needed, the route is a Half-an-Hour Discussion under Rule 55.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 106, part: 2, partId: 28,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 51\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 51 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, an answer to a question in the Lok Sabha shall not refer to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the answer to a question or proceedings in the Council during a current session\",\r\n      \"any matter which is under adjudication by a court of law\",\r\n      \"any document not laid on the Table of the House\",\r\n      \"the proceedings of a Parliamentary Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the answer to a question or proceedings in the Council during a current session.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 51:<\/b> <i>\"An answer to question in the House shall not refer to the answer to a question or proceedings in the COUNCIL during a CURRENT SESSION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule protects the independence of the two Houses: neither is to be told what the other is doing while it is doing it. Note the two limits \u2014 it applies to the <b>COUNCIL OF STATES<\/b> (defined in Rule 2(1) as the Rajya Sabha), and only to a <b>CURRENT<\/b> session. Once a session is over, the bar goes.<br><br>\r\nThis is one instance of a wider principle in the Rules. Compare <b>Rule 349<\/b> and the general rules of debate, which require a member not to reflect on the proceedings of the other House, and <b>Rule 353<\/b>, which restricts allegations.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three options each belong to a different provision, and all three are real:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 sub judice matters \u2014 <b>Rule 41(2)(xviii)<\/b>, a bar on the QUESTION;<br>\r\n\u2022 Committee proceedings not yet reported to the House \u2014 <b>Rule 41(2)(ix)<\/b>, again a bar on the QUESTION;<br>\r\n\u2022 documents \u2014 <b>Rule 368<\/b>, which requires a Minister who quotes a State paper not already presented to lay it on the Table.<br>\r\nOnly Rule 51 restricts the <b>ANSWER<\/b>, and that is what the question is testing.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 107, part: 2, partId: 29,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 52\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 52 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where a reference is made to a member in connection with the notice of a question and no reply is received from such member, or a reply is received too late for consideration and for placing the question on the list for an appropriate date, such notice\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall be placed on the list for the next available date\",\r\n      \"shall be deemed to have lapsed\",\r\n      \"shall be returned to the member for fresh notice\",\r\n      \"shall be referred to the Speaker for orders\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) shall be deemed to have lapsed.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 52:<\/b> <i>\"Where a reference is made to a member in connection with the notice of a question and NO REPLY IS RECEIVED or a reply received from such member is TOO LATE for the consideration of the Speaker and the placing of the question, if admitted, on the list of questions for an appropriate date, such notice SHALL BE DEEMED TO HAVE LAPSED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule deals with the everyday situation in which the Secretariat writes back to a member \u2014 to clarify the text, to ask for the source of a statement under <b>Rule 41(2)(iii)<\/b>, or to seek the reasons required by <b>Rule 54(5)<\/b> for a short notice question. If the member does not answer, or answers too late, the notice simply dies. No order is needed; the lapse is automatic.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the two limbs<\/b> \u2014 no reply AT ALL, and a reply that is TOO LATE. Both produce the same result.<br><br>\r\n<b>Lapse in this chapter, in one view:<\/b> <b>Rule 52<\/b> \u2014 notice lapses for want of the member's reply. <b>Rule 39(4)<\/b> \u2014 questions lapse if the LAST sitting of a session is cancelled. <b>Rule 54(5)<\/b> \u2014 a short notice question with no reasons assigned is <b>RETURNED<\/b> to the member, which is a different consequence and the reason option (c) is offered here.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 108, part: 2, partId: 30,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 53\",\r\n    question: \"Answers to questions which Ministers propose to give in the House shall not be released for publication\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"until the answers have actually been given on the floor of the House or laid on the Table\",\r\n      \"until they have been approved by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"until the end of the sitting on which they are due\",\r\n      \"until the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs so permits\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) until the answers have actually been given on the floor of the House or laid on the Table.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 53:<\/b> <i>\"Answers to questions which Ministers propose to give in the House shall NOT BE RELEASED FOR PUBLICATION UNTIL THE ANSWERS HAVE ACTUALLY BEEN GIVEN ON THE FLOOR OF THE HOUSE OR LAID ON THE TABLE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe marginal note is \"Prohibition of advance publicity of answers\", and the principle is the House's primacy: <b>the House must hear it first.<\/b> A Minister who released an answer to the press before giving it in the House would be treating the House as an afterthought \u2014 and, on a strict view, committing a contempt.<br><br>\r\nNote that the rule offers <b>TWO alternative moments<\/b> at which the embargo lifts, matching the two ways an answer reaches the House: <b>ORALLY on the floor<\/b> (a starred question under Rule 36), or <b>LAID ON THE TABLE<\/b> (a written answer deemed laid under Rule 39(1)).<br><br>\r\n<b>The same principle appears elsewhere in the Rules:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 275(3)<\/b> \u2014 evidence given before a Committee shall not be published by any member or any other person until it has been laid on the Table.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 278<\/b> \u2014 a completed part of a Committee's report may be made available to Government before presentation, but <i>\"shall be treated as confidential until presented to the House.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 109, part: 2, partId: 31,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 54(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 54(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where the Minister concerned agrees to reply to a short notice question, such question shall be called\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"at the commencement of the Question Hour\",\r\n      \"on such day and at such hour as the Minister may indicate\",\r\n      \"at the end of the sitting\",\r\n      \"immediately after the questions which have appeared on the list of questions for oral answer have been disposed of\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) immediately after the oral list has been disposed of.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 54(2):<\/b> <i>\"If the Minister concerned agrees to reply, such question shall be answered on a day to be indicated by the Minister and shall be called IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE QUESTIONS WHICH HAVE APPEARED ON THE LIST OF QUESTIONS FOR ORAL ANSWER HAVE BEEN DISPOSED OF.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo things are settled by the sub-rule: the <b>DAY<\/b> is indicated by the Minister (he is the one being asked to answer at short notice), and the <b>PLACE IN THE SITTING<\/b> is fixed by the rule \u2014 immediately after the ordinary starred list.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 54(1)<\/b> is the gateway: a question relating to a matter of public importance may be asked with shorter notice, and <i>\"the Speaker, if, is of the opinion that the question is of an URGENT CHARACTER, may direct that an ENQUIRY MAY BE MADE FROM THE MINISTER CONCERNED if such Minister is in a position to reply and, if so, on what date.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 54(3)<\/b> handles a refusal: if the Minister is unable to answer at short notice and the Speaker is of opinion that the question is of sufficient public importance to be orally answered, the Speaker may direct that it be placed as the <b>FIRST QUESTION<\/b> on the list for the day on which it would be due under Rule 33 \u2014 <i>\"Provided that not more than ONE such question shall be accorded first priority on the list of questions for any one day.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 110, part: 2, partId: 32,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 54(3)\",\r\n    question: \"Where the Minister is unable to answer a short notice question at short notice and the Speaker is of the opinion that the question is of sufficient public importance to be orally answered in the House, the Speaker may direct that the question be placed\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"as the first question on the list of questions for the day on which it would be due for answer on the ordinary period of notice\",\r\n      \"on the list of questions for written answer for the same day\",\r\n      \"before the Committee on Papers Laid on the Table\",\r\n      \"as the last question on the list of questions for the next sitting\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 54(3):<\/b> <i>\"If the Minister is unable to answer the question at short notice and the Speaker is of the opinion that the question is of sufficient public importance to be orally answered in the House, the Speaker may direct that the question be placed as the FIRST QUESTION ON THE LIST OF QUESTIONS FOR THE DAY on which it would be due for answer UNDER RULE 33.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Proviso:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that NOT MORE THAN ONE such question shall be accorded first priority on the list of questions for any one day.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo a refused short notice question is not wasted. It converts into an ordinary starred question but keeps a mark of its urgency \u2014 it goes to the <b>HEAD<\/b> of the list for the day it would ordinarily have been due, that day being computed under <b>Rule 33<\/b> (fifteen clear days). And only one such question may be given first priority on any one day.<br><br>\r\n<b>The three possible fates of a short notice question, worth holding together:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 Minister <b>AGREES<\/b> \u2192 answered on a day he indicates, called immediately after the oral list \u2014 <b>Rule 54(2)<\/b>.<br>\r\n\u2022 Minister <b>UNABLE<\/b>, but the Speaker holds it sufficiently important \u2192 first question on the list for the Rule 33 date \u2014 <b>Rule 54(3)<\/b>.<br>\r\n\u2022 Member gives <b>NO REASONS<\/b> for the short notice \u2192 the question is <b>RETURNED<\/b> to him \u2014 <b>Rule 54(5)<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 111, part: 2, partId: 33,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 54(4)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 54(4) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where two or more members give short notice questions on the same subject and one of those questions is accepted for answer at short notice, the names of certain other members, other than the one whose notice has been admitted, as determined by ballot, shall be shown against the admitted question; the number of such other members shall be not more than :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not more than two\",\r\n      \"Not more than three\",\r\n      \"Not more than four\",\r\n      \"Not more than five\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Not more than four.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 54(4):<\/b> <i>\"Where two or more members give short notice questions on the same subject and one of the questions is accepted for answer at short notice, names of NOT MORE THAN FOUR MEMBERS, OTHER THAN THE ONE WHOSE NOTICE HAS BEEN ADMITTED, AS DETERMINED BY BALLOT, shall be shown against the admitted question.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the wording \u2014 four <b>OTHER THAN<\/b> the member whose notice was admitted, so five names appear in all \u2014 and that the four are picked by <b>BALLOT<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso allows a different course:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that the Speaker may direct that ALL THE NOTICES BE CONSOLIDATED INTO A SINGLE NOTICE, if in the opinion of the Speaker, it is desirable to have a single self-contained question covering all the important points raised by members, and the Minister shall then give reply to the consolidated question.\"<\/i> The <b>second proviso<\/b> applies the same four-by-ballot rule to a consolidated question.<br><br>\r\n<b>Guard against the neighbouring fours and fives, which are the natural distractors:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 55(5) proviso<\/b> \u2014 not more than FOUR members may ask one question each in a Half-an-Hour Discussion, by ballot if more apply.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 197(2) proviso<\/b> \u2014 names of not more than FIVE members are shown in the list of business for a Calling Attention.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 45(2)<\/b> \u2014 FOUR or FIVE unstarred questions per member per day.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 112, part: 2, partId: 34,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 54(5)\",\r\n    question: \"Where a member desires an oral answer to a question at a shorter notice and no reasons have been assigned in the notice of the question,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the question shall be placed on the list of questions for written answer\",\r\n      \"the Speaker shall call upon the member to state the reasons orally in the House\",\r\n      \"the question shall be returned to the member\",\r\n      \"the question shall be treated as an ordinary starred question\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the question shall be returned to the member.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 54(5):<\/b> <i>\"Where a member desires an oral answer to a question at a shorter notice, such Member shall BRIEFLY STATE THE REASONS for asking the question with short notice. Where NO REASONS HAVE BEEN ASSIGNED in the notice of the question, THE QUESTION SHALL BE RETURNED TO THE MEMBER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe requirement is not a formality. A short notice question asks the House to depart from the fifteen clear days of Rule 33, and the member must justify the departure on the face of his notice. If he does not, the notice is simply sent back \u2014 it is not disallowed, and it is not converted; he may give it again properly.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the three different consequences in this chapter, which the options are built from:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>RETURNED<\/b> to the member \u2014 short notice question with no reasons assigned (Rule 54(5)).<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>DEEMED TO HAVE LAPSED<\/b> \u2014 where a reference is made to a member and no reply, or a late reply, is received (Rule 52).<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>DISALLOWED<\/b> \u2014 where the Speaker holds the question an abuse of the right of questioning, or calculated to obstruct or prejudicially affect the procedure of the House, or in contravention of the rules (Rule 43(1)).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 54(3A):<\/b> where a notice of a short notice question is signed by more than one member, it is deemed to have been given by the first signatory only.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 113, part: 2, partId: 35,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 54(6)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the asking of a short notice question:<br>1. The member who has given notice shall be in one's own seat to ask the question by reference to its number when called by the Speaker.<br>2. The Minister concerned shall give a reply immediately.<br>3. Where the question is shown in the names of more than one member, the Speaker shall call the name of the first member or, in the absence of that member, any other name.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 54(6):<\/b> <i>\"The member who has given notice of the question shall be IN ONE'S OWN SEAT to ask the question BY REFERENCE TO ITS NUMBER on the list of questions when called by the Speaker and the MINISTER CONCERNED SHALL GIVE A REPLY IMMEDIATELY: Provided that when a question is shown in the names of MORE THAN ONE MEMBER the Speaker shall call the name of the FIRST MEMBER or, IN THE ABSENCE OF THAT MEMBER, ANY OTHER NAME.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nAll three statements are in the sub-rule and its proviso. The proviso matters because of <b>Rule 54(4)<\/b>, under which up to four other members' names, determined by ballot, are shown against an admitted short notice question \u2014 so a short notice question routinely stands in five names, and the proviso settles who is called.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 54(7)<\/b> closes the chapter: <i>\"In other respects, the procedure for short notice questions shall be the SAME AS FOR ORDINARY QUESTIONS FOR ORAL ANSWER with such modifications as the Speaker may consider necessary or convenient.\"<\/i> So supplementaries under Rule 50 are available, and the conditions of admissibility in Rule 41(2) apply.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the ordinary starred question \u2014 Rule 48(3):<\/b> if the member is absent, the Speaker MAY direct that the answer be given. For a short notice question the proviso to 54(6) instead lets the Speaker call another of the named members.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 114, part: 2, partId: 36,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rules 33 and 54(1)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"A question relating to a matter of public importance may be asked with shorter notice, and the Speaker, if of the opinion that the question is of an urgent character, may direct that an enquiry be made from the Minister concerned whether such Minister is in a position to reply and, if so, on what date; such a question is one asked with notice shorter than :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"five clear days\",\r\n      \"twenty-one clear days\",\r\n      \"fifteen clear days\",\r\n      \"ten clear days\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) ten clear days \u2014 as Rule 54(1) is printed.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 54(1):<\/b> <i>\"A question relating to a matter of public importance may be asked with notice SHORTER THAN TEN CLEAR DAYS and the Speaker, if, is of the opinion that the question is of an urgent character, may direct that an enquiry may be made from the Minister concerned if such Minister is in a position to reply and, if so, on what date.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>\u2550\u2550\u2550 A DIVERGENCE IN THE PRINTED RULES \u2014 KNOW IT, DO NOT BE CAUGHT BY IT \u2550\u2550\u2550<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 33<\/b> was amended by L.S. Bn. (II) dated <b>19.3.2010<\/b> to require <i>\"not less than FIFTEEN clear days'\"<\/i> notice of an ordinary question. <b>Rule 54(1) was NOT amended to match<\/b> and still reads \"shorter than ten clear days\". The two figures therefore sit side by side in the same chapter and do not correspond.<br><br>\r\n<b>How to answer:<\/b> go by the rule the stem NAMES. If the stem says Rule 54 or \"short notice question\", the figure is <b>TEN<\/b>. If it says Rule 33 or \"period of notice of a question\", the figure is <b>FIFTEEN<\/b>. If the stem names neither, read the subject-matter \u2014 ordinary notice is fifteen; short notice is defined by reference to ten.<br><br>\r\nIn practical terms the device works as it always has: any question tabled on materially less than the ordinary notice, with reasons stated under Rule 54(5), is dealt with as a short notice question.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 115, part: 2, partId: 37,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rules 36, 37, 39, 45\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to questions in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A member who desires an oral answer to a question shall distinguish it by an asterisk\",\r\n      \"If a member does not distinguish a question by an asterisk, it shall be placed on the list of questions for written answer\",\r\n      \"Questions which have been admitted but not included in the list of questions for oral answer shall lapse\",\r\n      \"Not more than twenty questions in all shall be placed on the list of questions for oral answer on any one day\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nAdmitted questions not reaching the oral list do <b>NOT<\/b> lapse. <b>Rule 45(1):<\/b> <i>\"Questions which have been admitted and not included in the list of questions for oral answer shall be INCLUDED IN THE LIST OF QUESTIONS FOR WRITTEN ANSWER, in accordance with the orders of the Speaker.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe only lapse provided for in this chapter is in <b>Rule 39(4)<\/b> \u2014 where the <b>LAST SITTING OF A SESSION<\/b> is cancelled \u2014 and the deemed lapse in <b>Rule 52<\/b>, where a member fails to reply to a reference made to him.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 36<\/b> \u2014 the asterisk marks a question for oral answer, and a question without one goes on the written list (A \u2713 and B \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>Rule 37(1)<\/b> \u2014 not more than one starred question by the same member and not more than twenty in all on the oral list on any one day (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>The system is designed so that almost nothing is lost:<\/b> not asterisked \u2192 written (Rule 36); asterisked but not selected \u2192 written (Rule 45(1)); asterisked, listed but not reached \u2192 written answer deemed laid (Rule 39(1)); no Question Hour at all \u2192 deemed laid next sitting (Rule 39(2)); Question Hour dispensed with or interrupted \u2192 deemed laid (Rule 39(3) and its provisos).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 116, part: 2, partId: 38,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rules 34, 43, 46, 48\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following pairs of function and the authority that performs it in relation to questions:<br>1. Receiving notice of a question \u2014 the Secretary-General<br>2. Deciding whether a question or a part thereof is admissible \u2014 the Speaker<br>3. Calling successively each member in whose name a question appears on the list \u2014 the Speaker<br>4. Deciding whether a question put down for oral answer should be placed on the list for written answer \u2014 the Minister concerned<br>Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 34(1)<\/b> \u2014 notice of a question is given in writing to the <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b> (1 \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>Rule 43(1)<\/b> \u2014 the <b>SPEAKER<\/b> decides whether a question, or a part of it, is admissible, and may disallow it on the three specified grounds (2 \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>Rule 48(1)<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"When the time for asking questions arrives, the SPEAKER shall call successively each member in whose name a question appears on the list of questions.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Pair 4 is wrongly matched \u2717.<\/b> <b>Rule 44:<\/b> <i>\"If in the opinion of the SPEAKER any question put down for oral answer is of such a nature that a written reply would be more appropriate, THE SPEAKER may direct that such question be placed on the list of questions for written answer.\"<\/i> The Minister has no say in it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Where the MINISTER does decide something in this chapter \u2014 and it is worth knowing the short list:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 54(1)\u2013(2)<\/b> \u2014 whether he is in a position to reply to a short notice question, and on what date.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Proviso to Rule 46<\/b> \u2014 whether to represent to the Speaker that a question not reached is of special public interest to which he desired to give a reply.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 38<\/b> \u2014 his CONSENT is needed before the Speaker may direct that questions outside the allotted Ministry go on the day's list.<br>\r\nEverything else in Chapter VII is the Speaker's or the Secretary-General's.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 117, part: 2, partId: 39,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rules 34(2), 54(3A)\",\r\n    question: \"Where a notice of a question, or a notice of a short notice question, is signed by more than one member, it shall be deemed to have been given by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"all the signatories jointly\",\r\n      \"the first signatory only\",\r\n      \"such of the signatories as the Speaker may determine\",\r\n      \"the signatory who is senior-most in the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the first signatory only.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 34(2):<\/b> <i>\"Where a notice is signed by more than one member, it shall be deemed to have been given by the FIRST SIGNATORY ONLY.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 54(3A):<\/b> <i>\"Where a notice of a short notice question is signed by more than one member, it shall be deemed to have been given by the first signatory only.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The same deeming provision recurs throughout the Rules, and recognising it as a standard device saves learning it four times:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 34(2)<\/b> \u2014 questions.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 54(3A)<\/b> \u2014 short notice questions.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Second proviso to Rule 55(2)<\/b> \u2014 Half-an-Hour Discussions: <i>\"if a notice is signed by more than one member it shall be deemed to have been given by the first signatory only.\"<\/i><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Explanation (i) to Rule 57<\/b> \u2014 adjournment motions: <i>\"Where a notice is signed by more than one member, it shall be deemed to have been given by the first signatory only.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Why it matters:<\/b> several rules cap the number of notices ONE MEMBER may give \u2014 one starred question a day (Rule 37(1)), one adjournment notice a sitting (second proviso to Rule 57), two calling attention notices a sitting (proviso to Rule 197(1)). The deeming rule prevents those caps from being defeated by circulating a notice for multiple signatures.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 118, part: 2, partId: 40,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rules 41, 43, 44, 47\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding questions in the Lok Sabha:<br>1. A question shall not repeat in substance questions already answered or to which an answer has been refused.<br>2. A question shall not raise questions of policy too large to be dealt with within the limits of an answer to a question.<br>3. A member may, by notice given at any time before the sitting for which the question has been placed on the list, withdraw the question or postpone it to a later day.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 41(2)(xiii):<\/b> <i>\"it shall not repeat in substance questions already answered or to which an answer has been refused.\"<\/i> Note \"IN SUBSTANCE\" \u2014 re-wording will not save a repeated question.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 41(2)(xii):<\/b> <i>\"it shall not raise questions of policy too large to be dealt with within the limits of an answer to a question.\"<\/i> This is why large policy matters go instead to a Short Duration Discussion under <b>Rule 193<\/b> or a motion under Chapter XIV \u2014 and why <b>Rule 55(3)<\/b> allows the Speaker to refuse a Half-an-Hour Discussion notice which <i>\"seeks to revise the policy of Government.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3 \u2014 Rule 47:<\/b> <i>\"A member may, by notice given at any time before the sitting for which such member's question has been placed on the list, WITHDRAW the question, or POSTPONE it to a later day to be specified in the notice.\"<\/i> A postponed question then goes on the list after all questions not so postponed, subject to Rule 38, and not until two clear days have expired from receipt of the notice of postponement.<br><br>\r\n<b>Together these three show the shape of the Question Hour:<\/b> it is for specific, factual, non-repetitive information within a Minister's cognizance \u2014 and the member retains control of his own question until the day it is listed.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 119, part: 2, partId: 41,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 8: Half-an-Hour Discussions\", rule: \"Rule 55(2)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"A member wishing to raise a half-an-hour discussion shall give notice in writing to the Secretary-General, shortly specifying the point or points that member wishes to raise, and the notice shall be accompanied by an explanatory note stating the reasons for raising discussion on the matter in question; such notice shall be given in advance of the day on which the matter is desired to be raised by :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"two days in advance of the day on which the matter is desired to be raised\",\r\n      \"seven days in advance of the day on which the matter is desired to be raised\",\r\n      \"five days in advance of the day on which the matter is desired to be raised\",\r\n      \"three days in advance of the day on which the matter is desired to be raised\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) three days in advance.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(2):<\/b> <i>\"A member wishing to raise a matter shall give notice in writing to the SECRETARY-GENERAL THREE DAYS IN ADVANCE of the day on which the matter is desired to be raised, and shall SHORTLY SPECIFY THE POINT OR POINTS such member wishes to raise.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Its three provisos, each of which can be asked in its own right:<\/b><br>\r\n(i) <i>\"the notice shall be accompanied by an EXPLANATORY NOTE stating the reasons for raising discussion on the matter in question\"<\/i>;<br>\r\n(ii) <i>\"if a notice is signed by more than one member it shall be deemed to have been given by the FIRST SIGNATORY ONLY\"<\/i>;<br>\r\n(iii) <i>\"the Speaker may, WITH THE CONSENT OF THE MINISTER CONCERNED, WAIVE THE REQUIREMENT CONCERNING THE PERIOD OF NOTICE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe third proviso is the one worth carrying: the Speaker cannot waive the notice period alone \u2014 the <b>Minister's consent<\/b> is needed. The same coupling of Speaker and Minister appears in <b>Rule 38<\/b>, where questions outside the allotted Ministry may be listed only if <i>\"the Speaker with the consent of the Minister concerned otherwise directs.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Guard against the neighbouring periods:<\/b> Short Duration Discussion has no fixed notice period in Rule 193, but the notice must carry an explanatory note AND the signatures of at least two other members; an adjournment motion notice is given by 10.00 hours on the day itself (Rule 57).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 120, part: 2, partId: 42,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 8: Half-an-Hour Discussions\", rule: \"Rule 55(2) provisos\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker may waive the requirement concerning the period of notice for a Half-an-Hour Discussion\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"with the consent of the Minister concerned\",\r\n      \"in his absolute discretion\",\r\n      \"on the recommendation of the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n      \"with the consent of the Leader of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) with the consent of the Minister concerned.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Third proviso to Rule 55(2):<\/b> <i>\"Provided further that the Speaker may WITH THE CONSENT OF THE MINISTER CONCERNED waive the requirement concerning the period of notice.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe Minister's consent is required because the three days exist for his benefit \u2014 a Half-an-Hour Discussion arises out of an answer already given, and the Minister must be able to prepare to be questioned further on it. The Speaker cannot shorten that preparation unilaterally.<br><br>\r\n<b>This is one of only two places in these three chapters where the Speaker's power is expressly conditioned on a MINISTER's consent<\/b> \u2014 the other is <b>Rule 38<\/b>, where on a day allotted to particular Ministries, questions relating to other Ministries may be listed only if <i>\"the Speaker WITH THE CONSENT OF THE MINISTER CONCERNED otherwise directs.\"<\/i> Both concern a Minister's ability to be ready to answer.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the places where the Speaker acts on his own or in consultation with the LEADER OF THE HOUSE:<\/b> Rule 55(1) (allotting the half hour), Rule 55(3) (deciding sufficient public importance), Rule 55(4) (ballot), Rule 43(1) (admissibility of questions), Rule 44 (converting oral to written), Rule 56 (consent to an adjournment motion).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 121, part: 2, partId: 43,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 8: Half-an-Hour Discussions\", rule: \"Rule 55(3)\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker shall decide whether the matter is of sufficient public importance to be put down for a Half-an-Hour Discussion, and may not admit a notice which, in the opinion of the Speaker,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"relates to a matter of past history\",\r\n      \"seeks to revise the policy of Government\",\r\n      \"has already been the subject of a question\",\r\n      \"relates to a matter within the cognizance of a State Government\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) seeks to revise the policy of Government.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(3):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall decide whether the matter is of sufficient public importance to be put down for discussion, and MAY NOT ADMIT A NOTICE WHICH, IN THE OPINION OF THE SPEAKER SEEKS TO REVISE THE POLICY OF GOVERNMENT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe bar defines the whole character of the device. A Half-an-Hour Discussion is for <b>ELUCIDATION ON A MATTER OF FACT<\/b> \u2014 Rule 55(1) says so in terms \u2014 not for reopening policy. A member who wants to challenge policy must use a Short Duration Discussion (Rule 193), a motion (Chapter XIV), a resolution (Chapter XIII) or a cut motion on a demand for grants (Rule 209).<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (c) inverts the rule.<\/b> Far from being a ground of refusal, the matter MUST have been the subject of a recent question: Rule 55(1) confines the device to <i>\"a matter of sufficient public importance WHICH HAS BEEN THE SUBJECT OF A RECENT QUESTION, ORAL OR WRITTEN, and the answer to which needs elucidation on a matter of fact.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The same \"policy\" limit appears on the questions side \u2014 Rule 41(2)(xii):<\/b> a question shall not raise questions of policy too large to be dealt with within the limits of an answer. Chapters VII and VIII are both about FACTS.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 122, part: 2, partId: 44,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 8: Half-an-Hour Discussions\", rule: \"Rule 55(4)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 55(4) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, if more than two notices for a Half-an-Hour Discussion have been received and admitted by the Speaker,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker shall select two notices in his discretion\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General shall hold a ballot with a view to draw two notices\",\r\n      \"all the admitted notices shall be taken up on successive days\",\r\n      \"the notices shall be taken up in the order in which they were received\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the Secretary-General shall hold a ballot to draw two notices.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(4):<\/b> <i>\"If MORE THAN TWO NOTICES have been received and admitted by the Speaker, the SECRETARY-GENERAL SHALL HOLD A BALLOT with a view to DRAW TWO NOTICES and the notices shall be put down IN THE ORDER IN WHICH THEY WERE RECEIVED IN POINT OF TIME.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the two-stage working, which is what makes option (d) a good distractor: the <b>BALLOT<\/b> selects which two notices are taken; <b>TIME OF RECEIPT<\/b> then orders those two between themselves. Both mechanisms are used, in that sequence.<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso deals with a notice not reached:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that if any matter put down for discussion on a particular day is NOT DISPOSED OF on that day it shall NOT BE SET DOWN FOR ANY OTHER DAY, UNLESS THE MEMBER SO DESIRES, in which case it shall be INCLUDED IN THE BALLOT FOR THE NEXT AVAILABLE DAY.\"<\/i> \u2014 no automatic carry-over; the member must want it, and it then re-enters the ballot on equal terms.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the carry-over rules for private members' business \u2014 Rule 29 and its proviso:<\/b> business merely NOT REACHED goes back to the ballot, but business actually UNDER DISCUSSION when the day ends is set down for the next such day WITH PRECEDENCE. Rule 55(4) has no such precedence limb.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 123, part: 2, partId: 45,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 8: Half-an-Hour Discussions\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 55(4)\",\r\n    question: \"Where a matter put down for a Half-an-Hour Discussion on a particular day is not disposed of on that day, it\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall be set down for the next available day with precedence over all other matters\",\r\n      \"shall not be set down for any other day, unless the member so desires, in which case it shall be included in the ballot for the next available day\",\r\n      \"shall lapse, and fresh notice shall be necessary\",\r\n      \"shall be set down for the next available day in the order in which it was originally received\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 55(4):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that if any matter put down for discussion on a particular day is not disposed of on that day it shall not be set down for any other day, UNLESS THE MEMBER SO DESIRES, in which case it shall be INCLUDED IN THE BALLOT FOR THE NEXT AVAILABLE DAY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo conditions therefore govern the revival: the <b>MEMBER MUST SO DESIRE<\/b>, and the matter then goes back into the <b>BALLOT<\/b> \u2014 it gets no priority for having waited. Option (a) imports a precedence that this rule does not give, and option (c) overstates the position: the matter does not lapse, it simply is not carried forward of its own motion.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the proviso to Rule 29<\/b>, which does give precedence: private members' business <i>\"which is UNDER DISCUSSION at the end of that day shall be set down for the next day allotted to business of that class and SHALL HAVE PRECEDENCE OVER ALL OTHER BUSINESS set down for that day.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The difference in treatment reflects the difference in the devices.<\/b> A Half-an-Hour Discussion is a half-hour slot arising out of a recent answer, and there are only three such slots a week with two notices drawn for each \u2014 so a matter not reached simply takes its chance again. Private members' business, by contrast, is a protected constitutional space of two and a half hours a week, and a debate actually in progress there is preserved.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 124, part: 2, partId: 46,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 8: Half-an-Hour Discussions\", rule: \"Rule 55(5)\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is correct with regard to the procedure followed in a half-an-hour discussion in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a formal motion is moved and the House votes on it\",\r\n      \"a formal motion is moved but there is no voting\",\r\n      \"there shall be no formal motion before the House nor voting\",\r\n      \"there is no formal motion, but the House may divide if a member so demands\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) There shall be no formal motion before the House nor voting.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(5):<\/b> <i>\"THERE SHALL BE NO FORMAL MOTION BEFORE THE HOUSE NOR VOTING. The member who has given notice may make a SHORT STATEMENT and the members who have previously intimated to the Speaker may ask a question for the purpose of further elucidating any matter of fact. Thereafter, the MINISTER SHALL REPLY SHORTLY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe absence of a motion is what makes this a DISCUSSION and not a debate: there is nothing before the House to be carried or negatived, and therefore nothing on which the Government can be defeated.<br><br>\r\n<b>The identical formula governs the Short Duration Discussion \u2014 Rule 195:<\/b> there shall be no formal motion before the House nor voting. Both devices exist to elicit information and ventilate a matter, not to test the confidence of the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the devices that DO carry a motion:<\/b> an adjournment motion (Rules 56\u201363), which is moved and voted upon and amounts to censure; a no-confidence motion (Rule 198); a resolution (Chapter XIII); a cut motion (Rule 209).<br><br>\r\n<b>The sequence in a Half-an-Hour Discussion:<\/b> short statement by the member who gave notice \u2192 up to four members who have previously intimated the Secretary-General ask one question each \u2192 the Minister replies shortly. Nothing is put to the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 125, part: 2, partId: 47,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 8: Half-an-Hour Discussions\", rule: \"Explanation to Rule 55(5)\",\r\n    question: \"A member wishing to ask a question in a Half-an-Hour Discussion shall make such request\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in writing, before the commencement of the sitting at which the discussion is to take place\",\r\n      \"orally, at the commencement of the discussion\",\r\n      \"in writing, three days in advance along with the notice\",\r\n      \"in writing, at any time before the Minister begins his reply\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) in writing, before the commencement of the sitting at which the discussion is to take place.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Explanation to Rule 55(5):<\/b> <i>\"A member wishing to ask a question shall make such request IN WRITING BEFORE THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE SITTING at which the discussion is to take place. If such requests are received from MORE THAN FOUR MEMBERS, A BALLOT SHALL BE HELD to determine the names of first four members who may be permitted to ask a question each.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 55(5):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that not more than FOUR MEMBERS who have previously intimated to the SECRETARY-GENERAL may be permitted to ask a question each for the purpose of further elucidating any matter of fact.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThree requirements therefore govern a questioner: the request must be <b>IN WRITING<\/b>, it must be made <b>BEFORE THE SITTING COMMENCES<\/b>, and if more than four ask, a <b>BALLOT<\/b> decides.<br><br>\r\n<b>This is the fourth ballot in these three chapters<\/b> \u2014 the others being Rule 54(4) (four names against an admitted short notice question), Rule 55(4) (two notices drawn from those admitted), and Explanation (ii) to Rule 57 (relative priority of adjournment notices on the same subject).<br><br>\r\nNote the small drafting slip worth being aware of: the main limb of Rule 55(5) speaks of members who have intimated <b>THE SPEAKER<\/b>, while the proviso and the Explanation speak of the <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b>. In practice the intimation goes to the Secretariat.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 126, part: 2, partId: 48,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 8: Half-an-Hour Discussions\", rule: \"Rule 55(1)\",\r\n    question: \"A Half-an-Hour Discussion may be raised on a matter of sufficient public importance\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"on any subject which the member considers urgent\",\r\n      \"which has been the subject of a recent question, oral or written, and the answer to which needs elucidation on a matter of fact\",\r\n      \"which has been the subject of a recent starred question only\",\r\n      \"on which the Government has refused to make a statement\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may allot half an hour on three sittings in a week, for raising discussion on a matter of sufficient public importance WHICH HAS BEEN THE SUBJECT OF A RECENT QUESTION, ORAL OR WRITTEN, AND THE ANSWER TO WHICH NEEDS ELUCIDATION ON A MATTER OF FACT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Three conditions must all be satisfied, and option (c) fails on the second:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 the matter is of <b>SUFFICIENT PUBLIC IMPORTANCE<\/b>;<br>\r\n\u2022 it has been the subject of a <b>RECENT QUESTION \u2014 ORAL OR WRITTEN<\/b>, so an unstarred question will do just as well as a starred one;<br>\r\n\u2022 the answer <b>NEEDS ELUCIDATION ON A MATTER OF FACT<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nThe third condition is the crucial limit, and it is reinforced by <b>Rule 55(3)<\/b>, under which the Speaker may not admit a notice which seeks to <b>REVISE THE POLICY OF GOVERNMENT<\/b>. The device clarifies facts; it does not reopen policy.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (a) describes a different device<\/b> \u2014 a Short Duration Discussion under <b>Rule 193<\/b>, on <i>\"a matter of urgent public importance\"<\/i> raised on its own, with notice to the Secretary-General, an explanatory note, and the signatures of at least two other members. That one needs no prior question.<br><br>\r\n<b>The two devices contrasted:<\/b> Half-an-Hour \u2014 <b>three<\/b> sittings a week, <b>half an hour<\/b>, must arise from a recent question. Short Duration \u2014 <b>two<\/b> sittings a week, up to <b>two hours<\/b>, no prior question needed.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 127, part: 2, partId: 49,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 8: Half-an-Hour Discussions\", rule: \"Rule 55\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to a Half-an-Hour Discussion?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Speaker decides whether the matter is of sufficient public importance to be put down for discussion\",\r\n      \"The notice shall be accompanied by an explanatory note stating the reasons for raising discussion on the matter\",\r\n      \"The member who has given notice may make a short statement, and thereafter the Minister shall reply shortly\",\r\n      \"The Speaker may allot half an hour on two sittings in a week for such discussions\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(1)<\/b> allows half an hour on <b>THREE<\/b> sittings in a week, not two. <b>TWO<\/b> sittings a week belongs to the SHORT DURATION DISCUSSION under <b>Rule 194(2):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may allot two sittings in a week on which such matters may be taken up for discussion and allow such time for discussion not exceeding two hours at or before the end of the sitting.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Fix the two together, because every question on this ground turns on the pair:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>HALF-AN-HOUR DISCUSSION<\/b> \u2014 Rule 55 \u2014 <b>THREE<\/b> sittings a week \u2014 <b>HALF AN HOUR<\/b> \u2014 must arise from a recent question \u2014 notice <b>three days<\/b> in advance \u2014 up to <b>FOUR<\/b> questioners.<br>\r\n<b>SHORT DURATION DISCUSSION<\/b> \u2014 Rules 193\u2013196 \u2014 <b>TWO<\/b> sittings a week \u2014 up to <b>TWO HOURS<\/b> \u2014 no prior question needed \u2014 notice supported by <b>at least two other members<\/b>.<br>\r\nWhat they share: no formal motion and no voting (Rule 55(5) and Rule 195).<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b> <b>Rule 55(3)<\/b> (A \u2713); first proviso to <b>Rule 55(2)<\/b> (B \u2713); <b>Rule 55(5)<\/b> (C \u2713).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 128, part: 2, partId: 50,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 9: Adjournment Motions\", rule: \"Rule 56\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 56 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a motion for an adjournment of the business of the House for the purpose of discussing a definite matter of urgent public importance may be made\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"as of right by any member\",\r\n      \"with the consent of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"with the consent of the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"only on a recommendation of the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) with the consent of the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 56:<\/b> <i>\"Subject to the provisions of these rules, a motion for an adjournment of the business of the House for the purpose of discussing a DEFINITE MATTER OF URGENT PUBLIC IMPORTANCE may be made WITH THE CONSENT OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThree elements define the device, and each is a separate testing point: the matter must be <b>DEFINITE<\/b>, of <b>URGENT PUBLIC IMPORTANCE<\/b>, and the Speaker's <b>CONSENT<\/b> is the gateway. There is no right to move such a motion.<br><br>\r\nAn adjournment motion is an extraordinary procedure \u2014 it sets aside the ordinary business of the House and, if carried, amounts to censure of the Government. That is why <b>Rule 58<\/b> hedges it with eight restrictions and <b>Rule 60(2)<\/b> requires fifty members to rise before leave is granted.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Speaker's consent recurs as the gateway to the extraordinary devices:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 56<\/b> \u2014 adjournment motion.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 197(1)<\/b> \u2014 a Calling Attention needs the <i>\"previous permission of the Speaker\"<\/i>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 222<\/b> \u2014 a question of privilege may be raised <i>\"with the consent of the Speaker\"<\/i>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 377<\/b> \u2014 a matter which is not a point of order may be raised only after the Speaker has given consent.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 129, part: 2, partId: 51,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 9: Adjournment Motions\", rule: \"Rule 57\",\r\n    question: \"Copies of the notice of an adjournment motion given to the Secretary-General shall be endorsed to<br>1. the Speaker;<br>2. the Minister concerned;<br>3. the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs;<br>4. the Leader of the Opposition.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 57:<\/b> <i>\"Notice of an adjournment motion shall be given by 10.00 hours on the day on which the motion is proposed to be made to the SECRETARY-GENERAL and copies thereof shall be endorsed to:\u2014 (i) the SPEAKER; (ii) the MINISTER CONCERNED; (iii) the MINISTER OF PARLIAMENTARY AFFAIRS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe Leader of the Opposition finds no place in the rule \u2014 and indeed the expression is not used anywhere in these Rules, which speak instead of the \"Leader of the House\", defined in Rule 2(1).<br><br>\r\n<b>The three endorsements each serve a purpose:<\/b> the SPEAKER because his consent under Rule 56 is the gateway; the MINISTER CONCERNED because the motion will be directed at his Ministry and he must be ready; and the MINISTER OF PARLIAMENTARY AFFAIRS because he manages the Government's business in the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>This endorsement requirement is peculiar to the adjournment motion.<\/b> Notices of questions (Rule 34), Half-an-Hour Discussions (Rule 55(2)), Short Duration Discussions (Rule 193), questions of privilege (Rule 223) and no-confidence motions (Rule 198(1)(b)) all go to the Secretary-General alone. Only Rule 57 requires copies to be endorsed elsewhere \u2014 a distinction worth remembering, because it has been used to build a distractor in a previous year's paper on No-Day-Yet-Named Motions.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 130, part: 2, partId: 52,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 9: Adjournment Motions\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 57\",\r\n    question: \"A notice of an adjournment motion received after 10.00 hours shall be deemed to have been received\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"at 10.00 hours on the same day\",\r\n      \"at the time at which it is actually received\",\r\n      \"at the commencement of the next sitting\",\r\n      \"at 10.00 hours on the next day on which the House sits\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) at 10.00 hours on the next day on which the House sits.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>First proviso to Rule 57:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that notices, received after 10.00 hours shall be deemed to have been received at 10.00 HOURS ON THE NEXT DAY ON WHICH THE HOUSE SITS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the words <b>\"ON WHICH THE HOUSE SITS\"<\/b> \u2014 the notice rolls forward to the next SITTING day, not merely the next calendar day. A notice given at noon on a Friday, where the House next sits on Monday, is treated as given at 10.00 hours on that Monday.<br><br>\r\n<b>The identical deeming proviso appears with the other two 10.00-hour deadlines, and the three are best learnt as a set:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 57<\/b> \u2014 adjournment motion.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(1)(b)<\/b> \u2014 no-confidence motion: <i>\"Provided that notices, received after 10.00 hours, shall be deemed to have been received at 10.00 hours on the next day on which the House sits.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 223<\/b> \u2014 question of privilege: the same proviso, and the notice must be accompanied by the document if the question is based on one.<br><br>\r\n<b>The second proviso to Rule 57<\/b> completes the rule: <i>\"Provided further that no member shall give more than ONE such notice for any one sitting.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 131, part: 2, partId: 53,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 9: Adjournment Motions\", rule: \"Explanation to Rule 57\",\r\n    question: \"Where several notices of adjournment motions on the same subject are received for the sitting for which they are valid, the relative priority of such notices shall be determined by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a ballot\",\r\n      \"the order in which the notices were received\",\r\n      \"the Speaker in his discretion\",\r\n      \"the seniority of the members giving the notices\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) a ballot.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Explanation to Rule 57:<\/b> <i>\"(i) Where a notice is signed by more than one member, it shall be deemed to have been given by the FIRST SIGNATORY ONLY. (ii) A BALLOT SHALL BE HELD TO DETERMINE THE RELATIVE PRIORITY OF ALL NOTICES ON THE SAME SUBJECT for the sitting for which they are valid.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe ballot is needed because of the second proviso to Rule 57 read with Rule 58(i)\u2013(ii): <b>only ONE adjournment motion may be made at the same sitting, and only ONE matter may be discussed on it.<\/b> Where several members have given notice on the same subject, one of them must be selected, and the ballot does it impartially.<br><br>\r\n<b>The four ballots in Chapters VII to IX:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 54(4)<\/b> \u2014 names of not more than four other members shown against an admitted short notice question.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(4)<\/b> \u2014 two notices drawn where more than two Half-an-Hour Discussion notices are admitted.<br>\r\n<b>Explanation to Rule 55(5)<\/b> \u2014 the first four questioners where more than four apply.<br>\r\n<b>Explanation (ii) to Rule 57<\/b> \u2014 relative priority of adjournment notices on the same subject.<br><br>\r\nContrast <b>Rule 37(2)<\/b>, where competing starred questions of one member are settled NOT by ballot but by his own order of preference, failing which by time of receipt.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 132, part: 2, partId: 54,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 9: Adjournment Motions\", rule: \"Rule 58(iii)\",\r\n    question: \"Under the restrictions on the right to move an adjournment motion, the motion shall be restricted to a specific matter of recent occurrence\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"involving responsibility of the Government of India\",\r\n      \"involving responsibility of the Government of India or of a State Government\",\r\n      \"whether or not the Government of India is responsible for it\",\r\n      \"involving responsibility of any public authority\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) involving responsibility of the Government of India.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 58(iii):<\/b> <i>\"the motion shall be restricted to a SPECIFIC MATTER OF RECENT OCCURRENCE INVOLVING RESPONSIBILITY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe words <b>\"involving responsibility of the Government of India\"<\/b> were ADDED by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989 \u2014 the amendment narrowed the clause deliberately. An adjournment motion is in substance a censure of the Union Government, so it can only lie on a matter for which that Government is answerable.<br><br>\r\n<b>The limitation belongs to a family of provisions protecting the federal division:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 41(2)(viii)<\/b> \u2014 a question shall not relate to a matter which is not primarily the concern of the Government of India.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 41(2)(xvii)<\/b> \u2014 nor raise matters under the control of bodies or persons not primarily responsible to the Government of India.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 42<\/b> \u2014 on matters of correspondence between the Government of India and a State Government, no question except as to matters of fact, and the answer confined to a statement of fact.<br><br>\r\n<b>The clause also carries two other limits worth noting:<\/b> the matter must be <b>SPECIFIC<\/b> (not general) and of <b>RECENT OCCURRENCE<\/b> (not stale) \u2014 the same requirement that appears for motions in Rule 186(iv) and for questions of privilege in Rule 224(ii).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 133, part: 2, partId: 55,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 9: Adjournment Motions\", rule: \"Rule 58\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is NOT among the restrictions on the right to move an adjournment motion?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not more than one such motion shall be made at the same sitting\",\r\n      \"Not more than one matter shall be discussed on the same motion\",\r\n      \"The motion shall raise a question of privilege\",\r\n      \"The motion shall not revive discussion on a matter which has been discussed in the same session\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this is NOT a restriction; the rule says the opposite.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 58(iv):<\/b> <i>\"the motion shall NOT RAISE A QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE.\"<\/i> The option has had the negative stripped out.<br><br>\r\nThe bar exists because privilege has its own machinery, and a member may not use one device to do another's work: <b>Rule 222<\/b> (raising a question of privilege with the Speaker's consent), <b>Rule 223<\/b> (notice by 10.00 hours, with the document if the question is based on one), <b>Rule 224<\/b> (three conditions of admissibility), <b>Rules 226\u2013228<\/b> (reference to the Committee of Privileges and the Speaker's directions).<br><br>\r\n<b>The identical bar appears for MOTIONS generally \u2014 Rule 186(v):<\/b> a motion <i>\"shall not raise a question of privilege.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The eight restrictions in Rule 58, in full:<\/b> (i) not more than one such motion at the same sitting; (ii) not more than one matter on the same motion; (iii) restricted to a specific matter of recent occurrence involving responsibility of the Government of India; (iv) shall not raise a question of privilege; (v) shall not revive discussion on a matter discussed in the same session; (vi) shall not anticipate a matter previously appointed for consideration; (vii) shall not deal with any matter under adjudication by a court of law having jurisdiction in any part of India; (viii) shall not raise any question which under the Constitution or these rules can only be raised on a distinct motion by a notice given in writing to the Secretary-General.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 134, part: 2, partId: 56,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 9: Adjournment Motions\", rule: \"Rule 58(vi)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 58(vi) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, in determining whether a discussion on an adjournment motion is out of order on the ground of anticipation, regard shall be had by the Speaker to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the importance of the matter sought to be anticipated\",\r\n      \"the probability of the matter anticipated being brought before the House within a reasonable time\",\r\n      \"the number of members supporting the motion\",\r\n      \"whether the Government has agreed to make a statement on the matter\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the probability of the matter anticipated being brought before the House within a reasonable time.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 58(vi):<\/b> <i>\"the motion shall not anticipate a matter, which has been previously appointed for consideration. IN DETERMINING WHETHER A DISCUSSION IS OUT OF ORDER ON THE GROUND OF ANTICIPATION, REGARD SHALL BE HAD BY THE SPEAKER TO THE PROBABILITY OF THE MATTER ANTICIPATED BEING BROUGHT BEFORE THE HOUSE WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe second sentence is a rare thing in these Rules \u2014 an express direction on HOW the Speaker is to exercise a judgment. The test is practical: if the matter is in fact likely to come before the House soon, the adjournment motion is out of order as anticipating it; if it is only theoretically listed and unlikely to be reached, the objection loses its force.<br><br>\r\n<b>The rule of anticipation appears in the same form for motions \u2014 Rule 186(vii):<\/b> a motion shall not anticipate discussion of a matter which is likely to be discussed in the same session.<br><br>\r\n<b>Read clause (vi) with clause (v), which is its mirror image:<\/b> a motion shall not <b>REVIVE<\/b> discussion on a matter which HAS BEEN discussed in the same session. Between them the two clauses close both ends \u2014 the House is not to go over ground it has covered, nor to pre-empt ground it is about to cover.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 135, part: 2, partId: 57,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 9: Adjournment Motions\", rule: \"Rule 58(viii)\",\r\n    question: \"An adjournment motion shall not raise any question which under the Constitution or the rules can only be raised\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"on a substantive motion of which notice has been given in the Bulletin\",\r\n      \"with the previous sanction of the President\",\r\n      \"on a distinct motion by a notice given in writing to the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"during the Question Hour\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) on a distinct motion by a notice given in writing to the Secretary-General.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 58(viii):<\/b> <i>\"the motion shall not raise any question which under the Constitution or these rules CAN ONLY BE RAISED ON A DISTINCT MOTION BY A NOTICE GIVEN IN WRITING TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe clause is a general anti-circumvention provision. Certain matters may be raised only in a particular way, and an adjournment motion \u2014 which is quick, urgent and needs only the Speaker's consent and fifty members rising \u2014 cannot be used to reach them by a side door.<br><br>\r\n<b>The matters it protects are the ones with their own dedicated machinery:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Removal of the Speaker or Deputy Speaker<\/b> \u2014 Article 94(c) and <b>Rule 200<\/b>: notice in writing to the Secretary-General with the full text, and a day fixed after fourteen days.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Motion of no-confidence<\/b> \u2014 <b>Rule 198<\/b>: notice by 10.00 hours, leave asked in the House, fifty members rising.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Conduct of a person challengeable only on a substantive motion<\/b> \u2014 the judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, the CAG, and others; see <b>Rule 41(2)(x)<\/b> and <b>Rule 353<\/b>.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Question of privilege<\/b> \u2014 separately barred by clause (iv) of the same rule.<br><br>\r\nNote that the clause looks to BOTH sources \u2014 <i>\"under the CONSTITUTION or THESE RULES\"<\/i>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 136, part: 2, partId: 58,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 9: Adjournment Motions\", rule: \"Rule 59\",\r\n    question: \"A motion which seeks to raise discussion on a matter pending before a statutory tribunal or a commission or court of enquiry\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall in no circumstances be permitted to be moved\",\r\n      \"may be moved only after the tribunal or commission has submitted its report\",\r\n      \"may be moved with the consent of the tribunal or commission concerned\",\r\n      \"shall ordinarily not be permitted to be moved, but the Speaker may allow such matter being raised as is concerned with the procedure or subject or stage of enquiry, if satisfied that it is not likely to prejudice the consideration of such matter\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 59:<\/b> <i>\"No motion which seeks to raise discussion on a matter pending before any statutory tribunal or statutory authority performing any judicial or quasi judicial functions or any commission or court of enquiry appointed to enquire into, or investigate, any matter shall ORDINARILY be permitted to be moved: Provided that the SPEAKER MAY WHILE EXERCISING DISCRETION ALLOW SUCH MATTER BEING RAISED IN THE HOUSE AS IS CONCERNED WITH THE PROCEDURE OR SUBJECT OR STAGE OF ENQUIRY if the Speaker is satisfied that IT IS NOT LIKELY TO PREJUDICE THE CONSIDERATION of such matter by the statutory tribunal, statutory authority, commission or court of enquiry.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe word <b>\"ORDINARILY\"<\/b> and the proviso together make this a qualified bar, not an absolute one. The permitted ground is narrow and precisely marked \u2014 <b>PROCEDURE, SUBJECT or STAGE of enquiry<\/b> \u2014 never the merits.<br><br>\r\n<b>The identical formula appears twice more, and recognising it as a pattern is worth more than learning it three times:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 41(2)(xxiii)<\/b> \u2014 questions: shall not ordinarily ask about such matters, <i>\"but may refer to matters concerned with procedure or subject or stage of enquiry, if it is not likely to prejudice the consideration of the matter.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 175<\/b> \u2014 resolutions: the Speaker may allow discussion on a sub judice matter if satisfied it is not likely to prejudice its consideration.<br><br>\r\n<b>Distinguish Rule 58(vii)<\/b>, which is ABSOLUTE: a motion <i>\"shall not deal with any matter which is under adjudication by a COURT OF LAW having jurisdiction in any part of India.\"<\/i> Courts of law get an unqualified bar; tribunals and commissions a qualified one.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 137, part: 2, partId: 59,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 9: Adjournment Motions\", rule: \"Rule 60(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 60(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where the Speaker consents to an adjournment motion and holds that the matter proposed to be discussed is in order, the Speaker shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"call the member concerned, who shall rise in one's own place and ask for leave to move the adjournment of the House\",\r\n      \"put the motion to the House forthwith\",\r\n      \"direct the Secretary-General to read the notice of motion to the House\",\r\n      \"refer the motion to the Business Advisory Committee for allotment of time\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 60(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker, if gives consent under rule 56 and holds that the matter proposed to be discussed is in order, shall CALL THE MEMBER CONCERNED WHO SHALL RISE IN ONE'S OWN PLACE AND ASK FOR LEAVE TO MOVE THE ADJOURNMENT OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Its two provisos cover the situations where the Speaker does NOT simply call the member:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>First proviso<\/b> \u2014 where the Speaker has <b>REFUSED<\/b> consent under rule 56, or is of opinion that the matter is not in order, he <i>\"may, if thinks it necessary, READ THE NOTICE OF MOTION AND STATE THE REASONS for refusing consent or holding the motion as being not in order.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Second proviso<\/b> \u2014 where the Speaker is <b>NOT IN POSSESSION OF FULL FACTS<\/b>, he <i>\"may before giving or refusing consent read the notice of the motion and HEAR FROM THE MINISTER, OR MEMBERS CONCERNED, A BRIEF STATEMENT ON FACTS and then give decision on the admissibility of the motion.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe second proviso is the practically important one: it lets the Chair take a short factual statement from the Minister BEFORE deciding admissibility \u2014 the only point in this Chapter at which the Government is heard before the gate opens.<br><br>\r\n<b>What follows \u2014 Rule 60(2):<\/b> if objection to leave being granted is taken, the Speaker requests those in favour to rise, and if not less than <b>FIFTY<\/b> members rise, leave is granted.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 138, part: 2, partId: 60,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 9: Adjournment Motions\", rule: \"Provisos to Rule 60(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Where the Speaker is not in possession of full facts about the matter mentioned in the notice of an adjournment motion, the Speaker may, before giving or refusing consent,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"adjourn consideration of the notice to the next sitting\",\r\n      \"read the notice of the motion and hear from the Minister, or members concerned, a brief statement on facts and then give decision on the admissibility of the motion\",\r\n      \"refer the notice to the Committee of Privileges\",\r\n      \"require the member to furnish an explanatory note within three days\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 60(1):<\/b> <i>\"Provided further that where the Speaker is NOT IN POSSESSION OF FULL FACTS about the matter mentioned therein, the Speaker may before giving or refusing consent READ THE NOTICE OF THE MOTION AND HEAR FROM THE MINISTER, OR MEMBERS CONCERNED, A BRIEF STATEMENT ON FACTS AND THEN GIVE DECISION ON THE ADMISSIBILITY of the motion.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThree features are worth marking: the statement is <b>BRIEF<\/b> and <b>ON FACTS<\/b> only; it may come from the <b>MINISTER OR THE MEMBERS CONCERNED<\/b>, so both sides may be heard; and it precedes the decision on <b>ADMISSIBILITY<\/b>, not the debate itself.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the first proviso<\/b>, which operates after the decision has gone the other way: where consent has been <b>REFUSED<\/b>, or the matter held not in order, the Speaker <i>\"may, if thinks it necessary, read the notice of motion and STATE THE REASONS for refusing consent.\"<\/i> Note \"if thinks it necessary\" \u2014 the Speaker is not bound to give reasons, consistently with <b>Rule 376(3)<\/b>, under which his decision on a point of order is final, and with the settled position that the Chair's rulings are not open to challenge.<br><br>\r\nSo the two provisos deal with the two hard cases: <b>not enough facts<\/b> \u2192 hear a brief factual statement first; <b>consent refused<\/b> \u2192 the Speaker may, but need not, explain why.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 139, part: 2, partId: 61,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 9: Adjournment Motions\", rule: \"Rule 60(2)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"If objection to leave being granted for an adjournment motion is taken, the Speaker shall request those members who are in favour of leave being granted to rise in their places, and leave shall be granted if the number of members who rise is\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"not less than twenty-five\",\r\n      \"not less than fifty-five\",\r\n      \"not less than fifty\",\r\n      \"not less than one hundred\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) not less than fifty.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 60(2):<\/b> <i>\"If objection to leave being granted is taken, the Speaker shall request those members who are in favour of leave being granted to RISE IN THEIR PLACES, and if NOT LESS THAN FIFTY MEMBERS RISE accordingly, the Speaker shall intimate that LEAVE IS GRANTED. If less than fifty members rise, the Speaker shall inform that the member has NOT THE LEAVE OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the trigger \u2014 the requirement operates <b>ONLY IF OBJECTION IS TAKEN<\/b>. If no member objects, leave passes without any count at all.<br><br>\r\n<b>The figure FIFTY recurs in the same form for a no-confidence motion \u2014 Rule 198(2):<\/b> <i>\"if not less than fifty members rise accordingly, the Speaker shall declare that leave is granted and that the motion will be taken up on such day, not being more than ten days from the date on which the leave is asked for.\"<\/i> In both rules the support is demonstrated by MEMBERS RISING IN THEIR PLACES, not by signatures.<br><br>\r\n<b>Guard against 55<\/b>, which is roughly one-tenth of 543 \u2014 the QUORUM of the House under <b>Article 100(3)<\/b>, and the commonest wrong answer wherever a number of members is asked for.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 140, part: 2, partId: 62,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 9: Adjournment Motions\", rule: \"Rule 60(2)\",\r\n    question: \"The requirement that not less than fifty members rise in their places before leave to move an adjournment motion is granted applies\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in every case, whether or not objection is taken\",\r\n      \"only where the motion is directed against a Minister by name\",\r\n      \"only where the Speaker so directs\",\r\n      \"only if objection to leave being granted is taken\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) only if objection to leave being granted is taken.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 60(2)<\/b> opens with the condition: <i>\"IF OBJECTION TO LEAVE BEING GRANTED IS TAKEN, the Speaker shall request those members who are in favour of leave being granted to rise in their places, and if not less than fifty members rise accordingly, the Speaker shall intimate that leave is granted.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo the sequence under Rules 56 and 60 is:<br>\r\n<b>1.<\/b> The Speaker gives consent under Rule 56 and holds the matter in order.<br>\r\n<b>2.<\/b> He calls the member, who rises in his place and asks for leave (Rule 60(1)).<br>\r\n<b>3.<\/b> <b>IF NO OBJECTION IS TAKEN<\/b> \u2014 leave is granted; no count is needed.<br>\r\n<b>4.<\/b> <b>IF OBJECTION IS TAKEN<\/b> \u2014 fifty members must rise, failing which the Speaker informs the House that the member has not its leave.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same conditional structure governs the no-confidence motion, but with one difference worth noting.<\/b> Under <b>Rule 198(2)<\/b> the Speaker requests members to rise as a matter of course, without waiting for an objection \u2014 the leave of the House is always tested there, because the motion goes to the confidence of the Government.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note also the different verbs:<\/b> under Rule 60(2) the Speaker <i>\"shall INTIMATE that leave is granted\"<\/i>; under Rule 198(2) he <i>\"shall DECLARE that leave is granted\"<\/i> and appoints a day not more than ten days thence.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 141, part: 2, partId: 63,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 9: Adjournment Motions\", rule: \"Rule 62\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker may, on being satisfied that there has been adequate debate, put the question on an adjournment motion at 18.30 hours or at such other hour not being less than\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"one hour and thirty minutes from the time of commencement of the debate\",\r\n      \"two hours from the time of commencement of the debate\",\r\n      \"two hours and thirty minutes from the time of commencement of the debate\",\r\n      \"three hours from the time of commencement of the debate\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) two hours and thirty minutes from the time of commencement of the debate.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 62:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may, ON BEING SATISFIED THAT THERE HAS BEEN ADEQUATE DEBATE, put the question at 18.30 HOURS or at such other hour NOT BEING LESS THAN TWO HOURS AND THIRTY MINUTES FROM THE TIME OF COMMENCEMENT OF THE DEBATE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Two figures in one rule, and either can be asked:<\/b> the hour of <b>18.30<\/b>, and the minimum debate of <b>two hours and thirty minutes<\/b>. The second is a floor protecting the debate: the Speaker cannot close it early merely because 18.30 has not arrived, nor cut it short before two and a half hours have run.<br><br>\r\n<b>Read Rule 62 with Rule 61<\/b>, which fixes when the debate BEGINS: <i>\"The motion 'that the House do now adjourn' shall be taken up at 16.00 HOURS or at an earlier hour if the Speaker, after considering the state of business in the House, so directs.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The arithmetic is deliberate.<\/b> A debate beginning at 16.00 and running the minimum two and a half hours ends at 18.30 \u2014 exactly the hour named in Rule 62. Where the Speaker directs an earlier start under Rule 61, the two-and-a-half-hour floor is what governs instead.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 63<\/b> completes the scheme: <i>\"The Speaker SHALL prescribe a time limit for speeches.\"<\/i> Note the mandatory \"shall\" \u2014 contrast Rules 21 and 192, where the Speaker \"may, if thinks fit\" prescribe a limit.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 142, part: 2, partId: 64,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 9: Adjournment Motions\", rule: \"Rules 61 and 63\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding adjournment motions:<br>1. The motion 'that the House do now adjourn' shall be taken up at 16.00 hours, or at an earlier hour if the Speaker, after considering the state of business in the House, so directs.<br>2. The Speaker shall prescribe a time limit for speeches.<br>3. The discussion on the President's Address shall be interrupted in the course of a sitting by an adjournment motion.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 61:<\/b> <i>\"The motion 'that the House do now adjourn' shall be taken up at 16.00 hours or at an earlier hour if the Speaker, after considering the state of business in the House, so directs.\"<\/i> Note that the hour may be brought forward but not put back.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 63:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker SHALL prescribe a time limit for speeches.\"<\/i> Mandatory here, unlike <b>Rule 21<\/b> (President's Address \u2014 <i>\"if thinks fit, may prescribe \u2026 after taking the sense of the House\"<\/i>) and <b>Rule 192<\/b> (motions).<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3 \u2014 Rule 19(3):<\/b> <i>\"The discussion on the Address shall be INTERRUPTED in the course of a sitting by an adjournment motion under rule 61.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3 is the one worth dwelling on.<\/b> Because Rule 61 fixes a specific hour, an adjournment motion necessarily cuts across whatever is before the House \u2014 and Chapter V says so expressly for the President's Address. No other device in Chapters VII to IX has that effect: a Half-an-Hour Discussion (Rule 55) and a Short Duration Discussion (Rule 194(2)) are both taken <b>at or before the END of the sitting<\/b>, and a Calling Attention is taken at a time the Speaker appoints.<br><br>\r\n<b>The clock of an adjournment motion, end to end:<\/b> notice by <b>10.00 hours<\/b> (Rule 57) \u2192 taken up at <b>16.00 hours<\/b> or earlier (Rule 61) \u2192 question put at <b>18.30 hours<\/b>, or after not less than <b>2 hours 30 minutes<\/b> of debate (Rule 62).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 143, part: 2, partId: 65,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 9: Adjournment Motions\", rule: \"Rules 56\u201363\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to adjournment motions in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Speaker may prescribe a time limit for speeches if he thinks fit, after taking the sense of the House\",\r\n      \"Not more than one matter shall be discussed on the same adjournment motion\",\r\n      \"No member shall give more than one notice of an adjournment motion for any one sitting\",\r\n      \"The motion shall not deal with any matter which is under adjudication by a court of law having jurisdiction in any part of India\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 63:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker SHALL prescribe a time limit for speeches.\"<\/i> There is no discretion and no requirement of taking the sense of the House. The option imports the language of <b>Rule 21<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"The Speaker, IF THINKS FIT, may prescribe a time-limit for speeches AFTER TAKING THE SENSE OF THE HOUSE\"<\/i> \u2014 which governs the discussion on the President's Address, not an adjournment motion.<br><br>\r\n<b>The time-limit provisions, with their differing verbs \u2014 this is exactly where the paper is set:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 63<\/b> \u2014 adjournment motion: the Speaker <b>SHALL<\/b> prescribe. Mandatory.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 21<\/b> \u2014 President's Address: <b>MAY<\/b>, if thinks fit, after taking the sense of the House.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 192<\/b> \u2014 motions: the Speaker may prescribe.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 178<\/b> \u2014 resolutions: a fixed <b>fifteen minutes<\/b>, or thirty for the mover and the Minister speaking first.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 363(1)<\/b> \u2014 where a debate becomes unduly protracted, the Speaker may, after taking the sense of the House, prescribe a time limit for its conclusion.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b> <b>Rule 58(ii)<\/b> (B \u2713); second proviso to <b>Rule 57<\/b> (C \u2713); <b>Rule 58(vii)<\/b> (D \u2713).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 144, part: 2, partId: 66,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 7: Questions\", rule: \"Rule 53\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-NAMED \u2192 OPTIONS\",\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, are answers to questions which Ministers propose to give in the House prohibited from being released for publication before they are actually given on the floor or laid on the Table?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rule 51\",\r\n      \"Rule 52\",\r\n      \"Rule 53\",\r\n      \"Rule 54\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Rule 53.<\/b><br><br><b>Rule 53<\/b> (marginal note: <i>Prohibition of advance publicity of answers<\/i>): <i>\"Answers to questions which Ministers propose to give in the House shall NOT BE RELEASED FOR PUBLICATION UNTIL THE ANSWERS HAVE ACTUALLY BEEN GIVEN ON THE FLOOR OF THE HOUSE OR LAID ON THE TABLE.\"<\/i><br><br>The rule protects the primacy of the House: it must hear the answer first. Note the <b>TWO alternative moments<\/b> at which the embargo lifts, matching the two ways an answer reaches the House \u2014 orally on the floor, or laid on the Table under Rule 39(1).<br><br><b>The distractors:<\/b><br><b>Rule 51<\/b> \u2014 an answer shall not refer to the answer to a question or proceedings in the Council during a current session.<br><b>Rule 52<\/b> \u2014 where a reference is made to a member and no reply, or a late reply, is received, the notice is deemed to have lapsed.<br><b>Rule 54<\/b> \u2014 short notice questions.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 145, part: 2, partId: 67,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters VII-IX (Rules 32-63)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 9: Motions for Adjournment\", rule: \"Rule 63\",\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, shall the Speaker prescribe a time limit for speeches in a debate on a motion for the adjournment of the business of the House?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rule 60\",\r\n      \"Rule 61\",\r\n      \"Rule 62\",\r\n      \"Rule 63\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Rule 63.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 63:<\/b> <i>\"THE SPEAKER SHALL PRESCRIBE A TIME LIMIT FOR SPEECHES.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 63 is the ONLY MANDATORY time-limit rule in the whole book.<\/b> Everywhere else the power is discretionary \u2014 <b>Rules 21 and 363(1)<\/b> (\"if thinks fit, after taking the sense of the House\"), <b>Rules 192, 196, 198(5), 207(3), 218(5) and 219(4)<\/b> (\"if thinks fit, may\"). Only on an adjournment motion is the Speaker obliged to fix a limit, because the device is the gravest in the ordinary armoury and the House's time for it is short.<br><br>\r\n<b>The three distractors are the rules immediately before it, and together they form the adjournment-motion clock:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 60<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker decides <b>ADMISSIBILITY<\/b>; leave is asked, and if objection is taken <b>FIFTY<\/b> members must rise. By the second proviso, where he is not in possession of full facts he may read the notice and hear a <b>BRIEF STATEMENT ON FACTS<\/b> from the Minister or members concerned.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 61<\/b> \u2014 the motion is taken up at <b>16.00 HOURS<\/b>, or at an earlier hour if the Speaker so directs after considering the state of business.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 62<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may put the question at <b>18.30 HOURS<\/b>, or at such other hour as is <b>NOT LESS THAN TWO HOURS AND THIRTY MINUTES<\/b> from the commencement of the debate, on being satisfied that there has been adequate debate.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 63<\/b> \u2014 the mandatory time limit for speeches.<br><br>\r\nNote also <b>Rule 57<\/b> at the head of the chain: notice by <b>10.00 hours<\/b>, and by the second proviso not more than <b>ONE<\/b> such notice per member per sitting.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n\r\n  \/* ======================================================================\r\n     PART 3 \u2014 Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\r\n     ====================================================================== *\/\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 146, part: 3, partId: 1,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 64\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 64 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where the Speaker, on request being made, orders the publication of a Bill in the Gazette although no motion has been made for leave to introduce it,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"it shall not be necessary to move for leave to introduce the Bill, and if the Bill is afterwards introduced, it shall not be necessary to publish it again\",\r\n      \"the Bill shall be deemed to have been introduced on the date of such publication\",\r\n      \"leave to introduce the Bill must still be moved, but publication after introduction is dispensed with\",\r\n      \"the Bill shall stand referred to a Select Committee of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 64:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker, ON REQUEST BEING MADE, may order the publication of any Bill (together with the STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS, the MEMORANDUM REGARDING DELEGATION OF LEGISLATIVE POWER and the FINANCIAL MEMORANDUM accompanying it) in the Gazette, although no motion has been made for leave to introduce the Bill. In that case, IT SHALL NOT BE NECESSARY TO MOVE FOR LEAVE TO INTRODUCE THE BILL, and, if the Bill is afterwards introduced, IT SHALL NOT BE NECESSARY TO PUBLISH IT AGAIN.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nPre-introduction publication therefore has <b>TWO consequences<\/b>, and a question may be set on either: the motion for leave is dispensed with, and the post-introduction publication required by Rule 73 is dispensed with.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note what must accompany the Bill<\/b> \u2014 the Statement of Objects and Reasons (Rule 65(1)), the memorandum on delegated legislation (Rule 70) and the financial memorandum (Rule 69(1)). All three are named in Rule 64 itself.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast Rule 73:<\/b> <i>\"As soon as may be after a Bill has been introduced, the Bill, UNLESS IT HAS ALREADY BEEN PUBLISHED, shall be published in the Gazette.\"<\/i> The words \"unless it has already been published\" are the link back to Rule 64.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 160<\/b> shows why this matters beyond Chapter X: a petition may relate to a Bill <i>\"which has been published under rule 64\"<\/i> \u2014 publication opens the Bill to public petition even before introduction.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 147, part: 3, partId: 2,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 65(1)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 65(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a member other than a Minister desiring to move for leave to introduce a Bill shall, together with the notice, submit\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a copy of the Bill only\",\r\n      \"a copy of the Bill and an explanatory Statement of Objects and Reasons which shall not contain arguments\",\r\n      \"a copy of the Bill and a financial memorandum in every case\",\r\n      \"a copy of the Bill and the previous sanction of the President in every case\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 65(1):<\/b> <i>\"Any member, other than a Minister, desiring to move for leave to introduce a Bill, shall give notice of one's intention, and shall, together with the notice, submit A COPY OF THE BILL AND AN EXPLANATORY STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS WHICH SHALL NOT CONTAIN ARGUMENTS: Provided that the Speaker, IF THINKS FIT, MAY REVISE THE STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo features of the sub-rule are examinable in themselves: the Statement <b>SHALL NOT CONTAIN ARGUMENTS<\/b>, and the Speaker may <b>REVISE<\/b> it.<br><br>\r\n<b>The bar on arguments runs right through the Rules<\/b> \u2014 the proposition is stated in the paper, and the argument belongs in the speech: <b>Rule 173(iii)<\/b> (resolutions), <b>Rule 186(ii)<\/b> (motions), <b>Rule 41(2)(iv)<\/b> (questions), <b>Rule 210<\/b> (cut motions).<br><br>\r\n<b>Options (c) and (d) turn conditional requirements into universal ones:<\/b> a financial memorandum is required only where the Bill <b>INVOLVES EXPENDITURE<\/b> (Rule 69(1)), and the President's sanction or recommendation only where the Constitution so requires (Rule 65(2)). A memorandum on delegated legislation is likewise required only where the Bill contains proposals for delegation (Rule 70).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 65(3):<\/b> the period of notice is ONE MONTH unless the Speaker allows a shorter period.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 148, part: 3, partId: 3,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 65(4)\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker may disallow a notice of a private member's Bill where the Bill is not accompanied by<br>1. the previous sanction or recommendation of the President, in a case where the Constitution requires it;<br>2. a financial memorandum, in the case of a Bill involving expenditure;<br>3. a memorandum explaining the proposals, in the case of a Bill involving the delegation of legislative power.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 65(4)<\/b> allows the Speaker to disallow the notice of a Bill which does not comply with three requirements, and they are precisely the three accompanying documents:<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 65(2)<\/b> \u2014 where under the Constitution the Bill cannot be introduced without the <b>PREVIOUS SANCTION OR RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT<\/b>, the member shall annex it, <i>\"conveyed through a Minister\"<\/i>, and <i>\"the notice shall NOT BE VALID until this requirement is complied with.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 69(1)<\/b> \u2014 a Bill involving expenditure must carry a <b>FINANCIAL MEMORANDUM<\/b> inviting particular attention to the clauses involving expenditure and giving an estimate of the recurring and non-recurring expenditure if the Bill is passed into law.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 70<\/b> \u2014 a Bill involving proposals for the <b>DELEGATION OF LEGISLATIVE POWER<\/b> must carry a memorandum explaining those proposals, drawing attention to their scope, and stating whether they are of <b>NORMAL OR EXCEPTIONAL CHARACTER<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note what is NOT a ground of disallowance.<\/b> A defective <b>STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS<\/b> is not \u2014 the proviso to <b>Rule 65(1)<\/b> deals with it differently, by letting the Speaker <b>REVISE<\/b> the Statement. So of the four documents that accompany a Bill, three attract disallowance and one attracts revision.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 149, part: 3, partId: 4,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 66\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 66 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a Bill which is dependent wholly or partly upon another Bill pending before the House\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"may be introduced in anticipation of the passing of the Bill on which it is dependent, but shall be taken up for consideration and passing only after the first Bill has been passed by the Houses and assented to by the President\",\r\n      \"cannot be introduced until the first Bill has been passed\",\r\n      \"may be introduced and passed at any time, independently of the first Bill\",\r\n      \"shall be treated as an amendment to the first Bill\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 66:<\/b> <i>\"A Bill, which is dependent wholly or partly upon another Bill pending before the House, MAY BE INTRODUCED IN THE HOUSE IN ANTICIPATION of the passing of the Bill on which it is dependent: Provided that the second Bill shall be TAKEN UP FOR CONSIDERATION AND PASSING in the House ONLY AFTER THE FIRST BILL HAS BEEN PASSED BY THE HOUSES AND ASSENTED TO BY THE PRESIDENT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule separates two stages, and the whole question lies in that separation: <b>INTRODUCTION<\/b> may go ahead in anticipation; <b>CONSIDERATION AND PASSING<\/b> must wait.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note how far the waiting goes.<\/b> It is not enough that the first Bill has been passed by the Lok Sabha, nor even by both Houses \u2014 it must have been <b>PASSED BY THE HOUSES AND ASSENTED TO BY THE PRESIDENT<\/b>, that is, it must have become an Act. Until then the dependent Bill has nothing to stand on.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare Rule 67<\/b>, which deals with the different problem of an IDENTICAL Bill: <i>\"When a Bill is pending before the House, notice of an identical Bill, whether received before or after the introduction of the pending Bill, shall be REMOVED FROM, OR NOT ENTERED IN, THE LIST OF PENDING NOTICES, as the case may be, unless the Speaker otherwise directs.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nAnd <b>Rule 112(2)<\/b>: a Bill pending before the House is removed from the Register of Bills if a Bill <b>SUBSTANTIALLY IDENTICAL<\/b> is passed by the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 150, part: 3, partId: 5,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 67\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 67 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where a Bill is pending before the House and notice of an identical Bill is received, such notice shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"be removed from, or not entered in, the list of pending notices, unless the Speaker otherwise directs\",\r\n      \"be entered in the list of pending notices and taken up after the pending Bill is disposed of\",\r\n      \"be treated as an amendment to the pending Bill\",\r\n      \"be referred to the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 67:<\/b> <i>\"When a Bill is pending before the House, notice of an IDENTICAL Bill, WHETHER RECEIVED BEFORE OR AFTER THE INTRODUCTION of the pending Bill, shall be REMOVED FROM, OR NOT ENTERED IN, THE LIST OF PENDING NOTICES, as the case may be, UNLESS THE SPEAKER OTHERWISE DIRECTS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the width of the words <i>\"whether received before or after the introduction\"<\/i>: the earlier notice does not prevail merely because it came first. Once one of the identical Bills is pending, the other notice goes \u2014 and the closing words leave the Speaker a discretion to direct otherwise.<br><br>\r\n<b>Distinguish the two \"identical Bill\" rules, which do different work at different stages:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 67<\/b> operates at the <b>NOTICE<\/b> stage \u2014 the notice of an identical Bill is removed from, or not entered in, the list of pending NOTICES.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 112(2)<\/b> operates at the <b>REGISTER<\/b> stage \u2014 a Bill pending before the House is removed from the Register of Bills pending in the House where a Bill <b>SUBSTANTIALLY IDENTICAL<\/b> is passed by the House, or where the Bill is withdrawn under Rule 110.<br><br>\r\nNote also the change of adjective: Rule 67 says \"identical\"; Rule 112(2) says \"substantially identical\".`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 151, part: 3, partId: 6,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rules 68 and 82\",\r\n    question: \"The order of the President granting or withholding the sanction or recommendation to the introduction or consideration of a Bill shall be communicated to the Secretary-General\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"by the Minister concerned in writing\",\r\n      \"by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"by the member in charge of the Bill\",\r\n      \"by the Secretary to the President\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) by the Minister concerned in writing.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 68:<\/b> <i>\"The order of the President granting or withholding the sanction or recommendation to the INTRODUCTION OR CONSIDERATION OF A BILL shall be communicated to the Secretary-General BY THE MINISTER CONCERNED IN WRITING.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 82<\/b> makes identical provision for amendments: <i>\"The order of the President, granting or withholding the sanction or recommendation to an AMENDMENT to a Bill, shall be communicated to the Secretary-General by the Minister concerned in writing.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The channel is always the same, and it is the reason a private member cannot in practice bring a Money Bill.<\/b> The President's recommendation reaches the House only <b>THROUGH A MINISTER<\/b> \u2014 see <b>Rule 65(2)<\/b> for Bills and <b>Rule 81<\/b> for amendments, both of which use the words <i>\"conveyed through a Minister\"<\/i>.<br><br>\r\nNote that Rules 68 and 82 cover the order <b>WITHHOLDING<\/b> the sanction as well as granting it \u2014 the House must be told either way, since under Rule 65(2) the notice is not valid until the requirement is complied with.<br><br>\r\n<b>The constitutional source:<\/b> <b>Article 117(1)<\/b> (Bills and amendments making provision for the Article 110(1)(a)\u2013(f) matters) and <b>Article 117(3)<\/b> (Bills involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 152, part: 3, partId: 7,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 69(1)\",\r\n    question: \"A financial memorandum accompanying a Bill involving expenditure shall<br>1. invite particular attention to the clauses involving expenditure;<br>2. give an estimate of the recurring and non-recurring expenditure involved in case the Bill is passed into law;<br>3. state whether the proposals are of a normal or exceptional character.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 69(1):<\/b> <i>\"A Bill involving expenditure shall be accompanied by a FINANCIAL MEMORANDUM which shall INVITE PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE CLAUSES INVOLVING EXPENDITURE and shall also give an ESTIMATE OF THE RECURRING AND NON-RECURRING EXPENDITURE involved in case the Bill is passed into law.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3 belongs to a different memorandum. Rule 70:<\/b> <i>\"A Bill involving proposals for the DELEGATION OF LEGISLATIVE POWER shall further be accompanied by a memorandum explaining such proposals and DRAWING ATTENTION TO THEIR SCOPE AND STATING ALSO WHETHER THEY ARE OF NORMAL OR EXCEPTIONAL CHARACTER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two memoranda, side by side \u2014 this is the pair the examiner sets:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 69<\/b> \u2014 FINANCIAL memorandum \u2014 for a Bill involving <b>EXPENDITURE<\/b> \u2014 attention to the clauses + estimate of recurring and non-recurring expenditure.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 70<\/b> \u2014 DELEGATED LEGISLATION memorandum \u2014 for a Bill involving <b>DELEGATION OF LEGISLATIVE POWER<\/b> \u2014 explains the proposals, their scope, and whether normal or exceptional.<br><br>\r\nBoth are named in <b>Rule 64<\/b> as documents published with the Bill, and a breach of either is a ground for the Speaker to disallow the notice under <b>Rule 65(4)<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nThe \"normal or exceptional character\" test in Rule 70 is what later feeds the scrutiny by the Committee on Subordinate Legislation under Rule 320.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 153, part: 3, partId: 8,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 69(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 69(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, clauses or provisions in Bills involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India shall be printed\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in capital letters\",\r\n      \"in a separate schedule to the Bill\",\r\n      \"in thick type or in italics\",\r\n      \"with a marginal note indicating the amount involved\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) in thick type or in italics.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 69(2):<\/b> <i>\"Clauses or provisions in Bills involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India shall be printed IN THICK TYPE OR IN ITALICS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe typographical requirement is not a formality \u2014 it puts the House on notice that the recommendation of the President under <b>Article 117(3)<\/b> is engaged, since a Bill involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund cannot be PASSED by either House unless the President has recommended its consideration.<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso, substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989, deals with the printer's slip:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that where a clause in a Bill involving expenditure is INADVERTENTLY NOT PRINTED in thick type or in italics, the MEMBER IN CHARGE of the Bill shall, WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER, BRING SUCH CLAUSES TO THE NOTICE OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo the omission does not invalidate anything; the member in charge cures it by drawing the House's attention, with the Speaker's permission. Note that the duty is cast on the <b>MEMBER IN CHARGE<\/b> \u2014 defined in Rule 2(1) as the member who introduced the Bill and, for a Government Bill, any Minister.<br><br>\r\nRead Rule 69(2) with <b>Rule 69(1)<\/b>, which requires the financial memorandum to invite <i>\"particular attention to the clauses involving expenditure\"<\/i> \u2014 the same warning given twice, once in the memorandum and once on the face of the Bill.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 154, part: 3, partId: 9,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 71(1)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 71(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, whenever a Bill seeking to replace an Ordinance, with or without modification, is introduced in the House, there shall be placed before the House along with the Bill\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a copy of the Ordinance and the notification promulgating it\",\r\n      \"a financial memorandum showing the expenditure incurred under the Ordinance\",\r\n      \"a statement explaining the circumstances which had necessitated immediate legislation by Ordinance\",\r\n      \"a report of the Ministry on the working of the Ordinance\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 71(1):<\/b> <i>\"Whenever a Bill seeking to REPLACE AN ORDINANCE with or without modification is introduced in the House, shall be placed before the House along with the Bill a STATEMENT EXPLAINING THE CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH HAD NECESSITATED IMMEDIATE LEGISLATION BY ORDINANCE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe statement is the House's check on the executive's use of <b>Article 123<\/b>, under which the President may promulgate an Ordinance only when both Houses are not in session and he is satisfied that circumstances exist <i>\"which render it necessary for him to take immediate action.\"<\/i> Rule 71(1) makes the Government justify that satisfaction to the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 71(2)<\/b> covers the converse situation \u2014 an Ordinance promulgated while a Bill on the same ground is already pending: <i>\"Whenever an Ordinance, which embodies wholly or partly or with modification the provisions of a BILL PENDING BEFORE THE HOUSE is promulgated, a statement explaining the circumstances which had necessitated immediate legislation by Ordinance shall be LAID ON THE TABLE AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE SESSION FOLLOWING THE PROMULGATION of the Ordinance.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The distinction between the two sub-rules is the natural testing point:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>71(1)<\/b> \u2014 Bill replacing an Ordinance \u2192 statement placed before the House <b>ALONG WITH THE BILL<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>71(2)<\/b> \u2014 Ordinance embodying a pending Bill \u2192 statement <b>LAID ON THE TABLE at the commencement of the following session<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 155, part: 3, partId: 10,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 71(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Where an Ordinance which embodies wholly or partly, or with modification, the provisions of a Bill pending before the House is promulgated, the statement explaining the circumstances which had necessitated immediate legislation by Ordinance shall be laid on the Table\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"on the day the Ordinance is promulgated\",\r\n      \"at the commencement of the session following the promulgation of the Ordinance\",\r\n      \"within six weeks of the reassembly of the House\",\r\n      \"along with the Bill when it is next taken up for consideration\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) at the commencement of the session following the promulgation of the Ordinance.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 71(2):<\/b> <i>\"Whenever an Ordinance, which embodies wholly or partly or with modification the provisions of a Bill pending before the House is promulgated a statement explaining the circumstances which had necessitated immediate legislation by Ordinance shall be laid on the Table AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE SESSION FOLLOWING THE PROMULGATION OF THE ORDINANCE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe timing follows from the nature of the power: an Ordinance can be promulgated only when the Houses are <b>NOT IN SESSION<\/b> (Article 123(1)), so the earliest the House can be told is when it next assembles.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (c) borrows a real figure from the wrong place.<\/b> The <b>SIX WEEKS<\/b> in <b>Article 123(2)(a)<\/b> is the life of the Ordinance \u2014 it ceases to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the reassembly of Parliament, or earlier if resolutions disapproving it are passed by both Houses. That is the Ordinance's expiry, not the deadline for laying the statement.<br><br>\r\n<b>The sub-rule also shows a striking situation:<\/b> the executive has promulgated an Ordinance covering ground on which a Bill is <b>ALREADY PENDING<\/b> before the House \u2014 that is, it has legislated on a matter the House was in the middle of considering. Rule 71(2) requires that to be explained.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 156, part: 3, partId: 11,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 72(1)\",\r\n    question: \"If a motion for leave to introduce a Bill is opposed on the ground that the Bill initiates legislation outside the legislative competence of the House, the Speaker\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall put the question forthwith without any debate\",\r\n      \"shall refer the question to the Committee of Privileges\",\r\n      \"may permit a full discussion thereon\",\r\n      \"shall disallow the motion\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) may permit a full discussion thereon.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 72(1):<\/b> <i>\"If a motion for leave to introduce a Bill is opposed, the Speaker, IF THINKS FIT, after permitting BRIEF STATEMENTS from the member who opposes the motion and the member who moved the motion, may, WITHOUT FURTHER DEBATE, put the question: Provided that where a motion is opposed ON THE GROUND THAT THE BILL INITIATES LEGISLATION OUTSIDE THE LEGISLATIVE COMPETENCE OF THE HOUSE, the Speaker MAY PERMIT A FULL DISCUSSION THEREON.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The ordinary rule is brevity; legislative competence is the one exception.<\/b> An objection on any other ground gets only brief statements from each side, and then the question is put without further debate. An objection on competence \u2014 which goes to the House's constitutional power to legislate at all \u2014 may be fully argued.<br><br>\r\n<b>The second proviso goes the other way and admits no debate whatever:<\/b> <i>\"Provided further that the Speaker shall FORTHWITH PUT TO VOTE the motion for leave to introduce a FINANCE BILL OR AN APPROPRIATION BILL.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The same ground of objection appears in Chapter XXVI \u2014 Rule 294(1)(d):<\/b> the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions examines every private member's Bill <i>\"which is opposed in the House on the ground that the Bill initiates legislation outside the legislative competence of the House, AND THE SPEAKER CONSIDERS SUCH OBJECTION PRIMA FACIE TENABLE.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 157, part: 3, partId: 12,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Second proviso to Rule 72(1)\",\r\n    question: \"In respect of a motion for leave to introduce a Finance Bill or an Appropriation Bill, the Speaker shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"permit brief statements from the member opposing and the member moving the motion before putting the question\",\r\n      \"permit a full discussion if the motion is opposed\",\r\n      \"forthwith put the motion to vote\",\r\n      \"refer the motion to the Business Advisory Committee for allotment of time\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) forthwith put the motion to vote.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 72(1):<\/b> <i>\"Provided further that the Speaker shall FORTHWITH PUT TO VOTE the motion for leave to introduce a Finance Bill or an Appropriation Bill.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the mandatory <b>\"SHALL\"<\/b> and the word <b>\"FORTHWITH\"<\/b>: not even the brief statements allowed by the main limb of Rule 72(1) are permitted. The reason is the timetable of financial business \u2014 the Government's whole tax and spending programme depends on these Bills, and their introduction cannot be delayed by argument.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same \"forthwith put the question\" device appears wherever debate would defeat the purpose:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 19(2)<\/b> \u2014 postponement of the discussion on the President's Address in favour of Government business: <i>\"The Speaker shall forthwith put the question, no amendment or debate being allowed.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 208(2)<\/b> \u2014 the guillotine on demands for grants at 17.00 hours on the last allotted day.<br>\r\n<b>Rules 291 and 297<\/b> \u2014 the guillotine under an Allocation of Time Order and for private members' business.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 362(2)<\/b> \u2014 on a closure motion being carried.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 219(1)<\/b> defines the Finance Bill, and <b>Rule 221<\/b> gives the Speaker all powers necessary for the timely completion of financial business.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 158, part: 3, partId: 13,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 72(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Notice to oppose the introduction of a Bill shall be addressed to the Secretary-General, specifying clearly and precisely the objections to be raised, and given by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"10.00 hours on the day on which the motion for leave to introduce the Bill is included in the list of business\",\r\n      \"the commencement of the sitting on the day the motion is included in the list of business\",\r\n      \"two days before the day on which the motion is included in the list of business\",\r\n      \"noon on the day preceding the day on which the motion is included in the list of business\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) by 10.00 hours on that day.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 72(2):<\/b> <i>\"Notice to oppose introduction of a Bill shall be addressed to the SECRETARY-GENERAL specifying clearly and precisely the objections to be raised and given BY 10.00 HOURS on the day on which the motion for leave to introduce the Bill is included in the list of business.\"<\/i> (Sub-rule added 9.5.1989; the words on specifying objections inserted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 10.12.2004.)<br><br>\r\n<b>Two requirements, and either may be asked:<\/b> the deadline of <b>10.00 HOURS<\/b>, and the duty to specify the objections <b>CLEARLY AND PRECISELY<\/b> \u2014 added in 2004 so that the Chair knows in advance whether the objection is one of legislative competence, which alone attracts a full discussion under the first proviso to Rule 72(1).<br><br>\r\n<b>The 10.00-hour deadline is a recurring one, and Rule 72(2) is the fourth of the family:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 57<\/b> \u2014 adjournment motion \u00b7 <b>Rule 198(1)(b)<\/b> \u2014 no-confidence motion \u00b7 <b>Rule 223<\/b> \u2014 question of privilege \u00b7 <b>Rule 72(2)<\/b> \u2014 notice to oppose introduction of a Bill.<br>\r\nNote one difference: the first three carry a proviso deeming a late notice to be received at 10.00 hours on the next sitting day. Rule 72(2) has no such proviso \u2014 a late notice is simply too late, because the motion is being taken that day.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 159, part: 3, partId: 14,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 73\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 73 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, as soon as may be after a Bill has been introduced, the Bill shall be published in the Gazette\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in every case\",\r\n      \"only if the Speaker so directs\",\r\n      \"unless it has already been published\",\r\n      \"only if it is a Government Bill\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) unless it has already been published.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 73:<\/b> <i>\"As soon as may be after a Bill has been introduced, the Bill, UNLESS IT HAS ALREADY BEEN PUBLISHED, shall be published in the Gazette.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe saving words point back to <b>Rule 64<\/b>, under which the Speaker may, on request, order publication of a Bill in the Gazette <b>BEFORE<\/b> introduction \u2014 and where he does, <i>\"if the Bill is afterwards introduced, it shall not be necessary to publish it again.\"<\/i> Rules 64 and 73 are two halves of one scheme, and neither is complete without the other.<br><br>\r\n<b>Publication in the GAZETTE, not the Bulletin<\/b> \u2014 and the distinction runs through the Rules. The <b>GAZETTE<\/b> carries instruments that operate on the outside world: a Bill on introduction (Rule 73) or before it (Rule 64); a Select Committee's report together with the Bill as reported (Rule 305); an Order under Rule 319. The <b>BULLETIN<\/b> is the House's internal notice board: messages from the Council when the House is not in session (Rules 97, 103, 138), No-Day-Yet-Named Motions (Rule 189), allocations of time (Rule 290A), amendments to the rules (Rule 331(3)).<br><br>\r\n<b>\"Gazette\" is defined in Rule 2(1)<\/b> as the Gazette of India.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 160, part: 3, partId: 15,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"First proviso to Rule 74\",\r\n    question: \"A motion that a Bill be referred to a Joint Committee of the Houses with the concurrence of the Council shall not be made with reference to a Bill\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"which has already been published in the Gazette\",\r\n      \"which has been introduced by a private member\",\r\n      \"if it contains only provisions dealing with all or any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (g) of clause (1) of article 110 of the Constitution\",\r\n      \"which involves expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>First proviso to Rule 74:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that no such motion as is referred to in clause (iii) shall be made with reference to a Bill IF IT CONTAINS ONLY PROVISIONS DEALING WITH ALL OR ANY OF THE MATTERS SPECIFIED IN SUB-CLAUSES (a) TO (g) OF CLAUSE (1) OF ARTICLE 110 of the Constitution.\"<\/i> (Substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>A Bill containing only Article 110(1)(a)\u2013(g) matters is a MONEY BILL<\/b>, and a Money Bill cannot go to a JOINT Committee \u2014 because the Rajya Sabha has no co-equal role in it. Under <b>Article 109<\/b> the Council may only make RECOMMENDATIONS, within fourteen days, which the House may accept or reject.<br><br>\r\nNote the two precisions in the proviso: <b>\"ONLY\"<\/b> \u2014 a Bill containing Article 110 matters ALONG WITH other matters is a Financial Bill under Article 117(1), not a Money Bill, and is not caught; and <b>\"(a) to (g)\"<\/b> \u2014 sub-clause (g) is the residuary \"any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (f)\".<br><br>\r\n<b>The identical bar is repeated in the second proviso to Rule 75(3)<\/b> for an amendment or a motion for the appointment of a Joint Committee. A Money Bill may still go to a <b>SELECT Committee of the House<\/b> \u2014 the bar is on JOINT Committees only.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 161, part: 3, partId: 16,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Second proviso to Rule 74\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"A motion in regard to a Bill after its introduction shall not be made until after copies of the Bill have been made available for the use of members, and any member may object to such a motion being made unless copies of the Bill have been so made available, before the day on which the motion is made, for :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"one day before the day on which the motion is made\",\r\n      \"three days before the day on which the motion is made\",\r\n      \"two days before the day on which the motion is made\",\r\n      \"seven days before the day on which the motion is made\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) two days.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 74:<\/b> <i>\"Provided further that no such motion shall be made UNTIL AFTER COPIES OF THE BILL HAVE BEEN MADE AVAILABLE for the use of members, and that ANY MEMBER MAY OBJECT to any such motion being made unless copies of the Bill have been so made available FOR TWO DAYS BEFORE the day on which the motion is made and SUCH OBJECTION SHALL PREVAIL, UNLESS THE SPEAKER ALLOWS THE MOTION TO BE MADE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Two distinct requirements sit in that proviso:<\/b> an <b>ABSOLUTE<\/b> one \u2014 no motion at all until copies have been made available; and a <b>QUALIFIED<\/b> one \u2014 a member may object if the copies have not been available for two days, and his objection <b>PREVAILS UNLESS THE SPEAKER ALLOWS<\/b> the motion.<br><br>\r\n<b>The \"objection shall prevail unless the Speaker allows\" formula recurs in this chapter and is worth recognising:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 77(1) proviso<\/b> \u2014 a member may object to a motion after a Select or Joint Committee report if a copy of the <b>REPORT<\/b> has not been available for <b>TWO DAYS<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 79(1)<\/b> \u2014 a member may object to the moving of an amendment of which notice has not been given <b>ONE DAY<\/b> before the Bill is to be considered.<br>\r\nIn each case the default protects the member's right to read; the Speaker may override it.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 162, part: 3, partId: 17,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 75(1)\",\r\n    question: \"On a motion being made after the introduction of a Bill that it be taken into consideration, or be referred to a Committee, or be circulated for eliciting opinion, the discussion\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall be confined to the clauses of the Bill\",\r\n      \"may extend to the details of every clause of the Bill\",\r\n      \"may cover the principle of the Bill and its provisions generally, but the details of the Bill shall not be discussed further than is necessary to explain its principles\",\r\n      \"shall be confined to the Statement of Objects and Reasons\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 75(1):<\/b> <i>\"On a motion referred to in rule 74 being made, THE PRINCIPLE OF THE BILL AND ITS PROVISIONS MAY BE DISCUSSED GENERALLY, but THE DETAILS OF THE BILL SHALL NOT BE DISCUSSED FURTHER THAN IS NECESSARY TO EXPLAIN ITS PRINCIPLES.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis is the <b>SECOND READING, FIRST STAGE<\/b> \u2014 the general debate on the principle. Details come later, at the clause-by-clause stage under Rules 85 to 92.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 75(2)<\/b> confirms the point: <i>\"At this stage NO AMENDMENTS TO THE BILL MAY BE MOVED\"<\/i> \u2014 though a member may move, as an amendment to the MOTION, that the Bill be referred to a Select or Joint Committee, or be circulated for eliciting opinion by a date specified.<br><br>\r\n<b>The scope of debate is separately fixed at each stage of a Bill, and the four provisions are best learnt together:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 75(1)<\/b> \u2014 on the motion after introduction: the principle generally, details only so far as necessary to explain it.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 78<\/b> \u2014 on a motion that the Bill as reported by a Select\/Joint Committee be taken into consideration: confined to the report, the matters referred to in it, or alternative suggestions <b>consistent with the principle of the Bill<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 94<\/b> \u2014 on the motion for passing: confined to arguments in support of or for the rejection of the Bill, of a <b>general character<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 117<\/b> \u2014 the same as Rule 75(1) for a Bill originating in the Council.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 163, part: 3, partId: 18,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 75(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Where the member in charge moves that the Bill be taken into consideration, another member may move as an amendment that the Bill be<br>1. referred to a Select Committee of the House;<br>2. referred to a Joint Committee of the Houses with the concurrence of the Council;<br>3. circulated for the purpose of eliciting opinion thereon by a date to be specified in the motion.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 75(2)(a):<\/b> <i>\"if the member in charge moves that the Bill be taken into consideration ANY MEMBER MAY MOVE AS AN AMENDMENT that the Bill be REFERRED TO A SELECT COMMITTEE of the House, or a JOINT COMMITTEE of the Houses with the concurrence of the Council, or be CIRCULATED for the purpose of eliciting opinion thereon BY A DATE TO BE SPECIFIED IN THE MOTION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the requirement that a circulation amendment must specify a <b>DATE<\/b> \u2014 the House is not to be left waiting indefinitely for opinions.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 75(2)(b)<\/b> covers the converse case: where the member in charge moves reference to a Select Committee or a Joint Committee, any member may move as an amendment that it go to the <b>OTHER<\/b> kind of Committee, or that it be circulated for eliciting opinion by a specified date.<br><br>\r\n<b>The scheme is a ladder, and an amendment may move a Bill up or down it:<\/b> consideration \u2192 Select Committee \u2192 Joint Committee \u2192 circulation for opinion. What a member may NOT do is move the substantive motion himself \u2014 <b>Rule 76<\/b> reserves that to the member in charge, and allows others to act <i>\"except by way of amendment to a motion made by the member in charge.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nAnd by the first proviso to Rule 74 and the second proviso to Rule 75(3), no Joint Committee reference lies for a Bill containing only Article 110(1)(a)\u2013(g) matters.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 164, part: 3, partId: 19,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 75(3)\",\r\n    question: \"Where a motion that a Bill be circulated for the purpose of eliciting opinion thereon is carried, the Bill is circulated and opinions are received, the member in charge, if he wishes to proceed with the Bill thereafter,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall move that the Bill be taken into consideration\",\r\n      \"shall move that the Bill be recirculated for further opinion\",\r\n      \"shall move that the Bill be referred to a Select Committee of the House or a Joint Committee of the Houses with the concurrence of the Council, unless the Speaker allows a motion to be made that the Bill be taken into consideration\",\r\n      \"shall move that the Bill be passed\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 75(3):<\/b> <i>\"Where a motion that a Bill be circulated for the purpose of eliciting opinion thereon is carried, and the Bill is circulated in accordance with that direction and opinions are received thereon, the member in charge, if so wishes to proceed with the Bill thereafter, SHALL MOVE THAT THE BILL BE REFERRED TO A SELECT COMMITTEE of the House OR A JOINT COMMITTEE of the Houses with the concurrence of the Council, UNLESS THE SPEAKER ALLOWS A MOTION TO BE MADE THAT THE BILL BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe default after circulation is therefore a <b>COMMITTEE<\/b>, not consideration by the House \u2014 because opinions have come in from outside and a Committee is the body equipped to sift them. Only the Speaker can permit the Committee stage to be skipped.<br><br>\r\n<b>The FIRST proviso to Rule 75(3) adds a further power, and it is easily missed:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that if an amendment or a motion for appointment of a Select Committee or a Joint Committee has been moved under this Rule, ANY MEMBER MAY MOVE THAT THE HOUSE GIVE INSTRUCTIONS to the Select Committee or to the Joint Committee \u2026 TO MAKE SOME PARTICULAR OR ADDITIONAL PROVISION IN THE BILL and if necessary or convenient TO CONSIDER AND REPORT ON AMENDMENTS WHICH MAY BE PROPOSED TO THE ORIGINAL ACT WHICH THE BILL SEEKS TO AMEND.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThat is a power of positive direction, and it answers to <b>Rule 77(1)(b)(iii)<\/b>, under which a Bill may be re-committed to a Committee \"with instructions\".`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 165, part: 3, partId: 20,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"First proviso to Rule 75(3)\",\r\n    question: \"Where an amendment or a motion for the appointment of a Select Committee or a Joint Committee has been moved, any member may move that the House give instructions to the Committee to<br>1. make some particular or additional provision in the Bill;<br>2. consider and report on amendments which may be proposed to the original Act which the Bill seeks to amend;<br>3. report within a period specified by the member.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>First proviso to Rule 75(3):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that if an amendment or a motion for appointment of a Select Committee or a Joint Committee has been moved under this Rule, any member may move that the House give instructions to the Select Committee or to the Joint Committee to which the Bill is proposed to be referred TO MAKE SOME PARTICULAR OR ADDITIONAL PROVISION IN THE BILL and IF NECESSARY OR CONVENIENT TO CONSIDER AND REPORT ON AMENDMENTS WHICH MAY BE PROPOSED TO THE ORIGINAL ACT WHICH THE BILL SEEKS TO AMEND.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 is the striking one.<\/b> An amending Bill ordinarily confines the House to the amendments it proposes; this proviso lets the House direct the Committee to look at amendments to the <b>PARENT ACT<\/b> itself \u2014 a widening of scope that only an instruction from the House can achieve.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3 is INCORRECT<\/b> \u2014 the time for a Committee's report is not fixed by a member's instruction. It is fixed by the House, or in default by the rules: <b>proviso to Rule 303(1)<\/b> gives a Select Committee on a Bill <b>THREE MONTHS<\/b> from the date on which the House adopted the motion of reference, against the general one month in Rule 277(1).<br><br>\r\n<b>The corresponding power at the later stage is Rule 77(1)(b)(iii)<\/b> \u2014 re-committal <i>\"with instructions to the Committee to make some particular or additional provision in the Bill.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 166, part: 3, partId: 21,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 76\",\r\n    question: \"A motion that a Bill be taken into consideration or be passed may be made by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"any member of the House\",\r\n      \"the member in charge of the Bill only\",\r\n      \"any Minister, in the case of a Government Bill, and any member in any other case\",\r\n      \"the member in charge, or any member by way of amendment\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the member in charge of the Bill only.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 76:<\/b> <i>\"NO MOTION THAT A BILL BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION OR BE PASSED SHALL BE MADE BY ANY MEMBER OTHER THAN THE MEMBER IN CHARGE OF THE BILL and no motion that a Bill be referred to a Select Committee of the House, or a Joint Committee of the Houses with the concurrence of the Council, or be circulated for the purpose of eliciting opinion thereon shall be made by any member other than the member in charge EXCEPT BY WAY OF AMENDMENT TO A MOTION MADE BY THE MEMBER IN CHARGE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The rule draws a sharp line, and option (d) is the trap because it is half right:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>CONSIDERATION and PASSING<\/b> \u2014 the member in charge <b>ALONE<\/b>, and not even by way of amendment.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>SELECT COMMITTEE, JOINT COMMITTEE, CIRCULATION<\/b> \u2014 the member in charge, or another member <b>BY WAY OF AMENDMENT<\/b> to the member in charge's motion (which is what Rule 75(2) provides for).<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso allows one substitution:<\/b> if the member in charge is unable, <i>\"for reasons which the SPEAKER CONSIDERS ADEQUATE\"<\/i>, to move the next motion at any subsequent stage after introduction, he may authorise another member to move that particular motion <b>with the approval of the Speaker<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Explanation:<\/b> <i>\"Notwithstanding the provisions contained in the proviso the member who INTRODUCED the Bill SHALL CONTINUE TO BE THE MEMBER IN CHARGE.\"<\/i> The authorisation is for one motion; it does not transfer charge of the Bill.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 167, part: 3, partId: 22,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Proviso and Explanation to Rule 76\",\r\n    question: \"Where the member in charge of a Bill is unable, for reasons which the Speaker considers adequate, to move the next motion in regard to that Bill at a subsequent stage after introduction, and authorises another member to move that motion with the approval of the Speaker,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the member so authorised becomes the member in charge of the Bill\",\r\n      \"the Bill shall be removed from the Register of Bills pending in the House\",\r\n      \"the member who introduced the Bill shall continue to be the member in charge\",\r\n      \"the Speaker shall nominate a new member in charge\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the member who introduced the Bill shall continue to be the member in charge.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 76:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that if the member in charge of a Bill is unable, FOR REASONS WHICH THE SPEAKER CONSIDERS ADEQUATE, to move the next motion in regard to that Bill at any subsequent stage after introduction, the member may authorise ANOTHER MEMBER to move THAT PARTICULAR MOTION with the approval of the Speaker.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Explanation:<\/b> <i>\"Notwithstanding the provisions contained in the proviso THE MEMBER WHO INTRODUCED THE BILL SHALL CONTINUE TO BE THE MEMBER IN CHARGE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThree limits keep the substitution narrow: the Speaker must consider the reasons <b>ADEQUATE<\/b>; the authorisation needs the Speaker's <b>APPROVAL<\/b>; and it extends to <b>THAT PARTICULAR MOTION<\/b> only.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Explanation matters because \"member in charge\" carries consequences elsewhere:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 110<\/b> \u2014 only the member in charge may move for leave to withdraw the Bill.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 113<\/b> \u2014 a private member's Bill is removed from the Register if the member in charge ceases to be a member or is appointed a Minister.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 69(2) proviso<\/b> \u2014 the member in charge brings inadvertently unmarked expenditure clauses to the notice of the House.<br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 79(1)<\/b> \u2014 a Government amendment does not lapse merely because the member in charge has ceased to be a Minister or a member; it is printed in the name of the new member in charge.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 168, part: 3, partId: 23,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 77(1)\",\r\n    question: \"After the presentation of the final report of a Select Committee of the House or a Joint Committee of the Houses on a Bill, the member in charge may move that the Bill as reported be<br>1. taken into consideration;<br>2. re-committed to the same or a new Committee;<br>3. circulated or recirculated for the purpose of eliciting opinion or further opinion thereon.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 77(1)<\/b> gives the member in charge three motions after the final report:<br>\r\n<b>(a)<\/b> that the Bill as reported <b>BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION<\/b>;<br>\r\n<b>(b)<\/b> that it be <b>RE-COMMITTED<\/b> to the same Select Committee or to a new Select Committee, or to the same or a new Joint Committee with the concurrence of the Council \u2014 either <b>(i) without limitation<\/b>, or <b>(ii) with respect to particular clauses or amendments only<\/b>, or <b>(iii) with instructions to the Committee to make some particular or additional provision in the Bill<\/b>;<br>\r\n<b>(c)<\/b> that it be <b>CIRCULATED OR RECIRCULATED<\/b> for the purpose of eliciting opinion or further opinion thereon.<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso protects the members' right to read the report:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that any member may object to any such motion being made IF A COPY OF THE REPORT HAS NOT BEEN MADE AVAILABLE FOR THE USE OF MEMBERS FOR TWO DAYS before the day on which the motion is made and SUCH OBJECTION SHALL PREVAIL, UNLESS THE SPEAKER ALLOWS the motion to be made.\"<\/i> \u2014 the same formula as the second proviso to Rule 74, but attaching to the REPORT rather than the Bill.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 77(2):<\/b> where the member in charge moves consideration, any member may move as an amendment that the Bill be re-committed, or be circulated or recirculated for opinion or further opinion.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 169, part: 3, partId: 24,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 77(1)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"After the presentation of the final report of a Select Committee of the House or a Joint Committee of the Houses on a Bill, any member may object to a motion being made in regard to the Bill if a copy of the report has not been made available for the use of members, before the day on which the motion is made, for :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"one day before the day on which the motion is made\",\r\n      \"three days before the day on which the motion is made\",\r\n      \"two days before the day on which the motion is made\",\r\n      \"seven days before the day on which the motion is made\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) two days.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 77(1):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that any member may object to any such motion being made IF A COPY OF THE REPORT HAS NOT BEEN MADE AVAILABLE FOR THE USE OF MEMBERS FOR TWO DAYS BEFORE the day on which the motion is made and such objection shall prevail, UNLESS THE SPEAKER ALLOWS the motion to be made.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note what the two days attach to here \u2014 the REPORT, not the Bill.<\/b> The equivalent protection at the earlier stage is the second proviso to <b>Rule 74<\/b>, where the two days attach to copies of the <b>BILL<\/b>. The two provisos are otherwise identically worded, down to \"such objection shall prevail, unless the Speaker allows the motion to be made.\"<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 305<\/b> is what makes compliance possible: <i>\"The Secretary-General shall cause every report of a Select Committee to be printed and a copy of the report shall be made available for the use of every member. The report, and the Bill, as reported by the Select Committee, shall be published in the Gazette.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The reading-time protections in this chapter, together:<\/b> copies of the BILL available for two days \u2014 second proviso to Rule 74; copies of the REPORT available for two days \u2014 proviso to Rule 77(1); notice of an amendment one day before \u2014 Rule 79(1). All three yield to the Speaker.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 170, part: 3, partId: 25,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 137\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 137 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, when a Bill returned by the President for reconsideration is passed again by the House with or without amendment, the certificate on the top of the first page of the Bill transmitted to the Council is given by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"the member in charge of the Bill\",\r\n      \"the President's Secretary\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the Secretary-General.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 137(1):<\/b> <i>\"When the Bill is passed again by the House with or without amendment, as the case may be, it shall be TRANSMITTED TO THE COUNCIL FOR CONCURRENCE with a message to that effect.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 137(2):<\/b> <i>\"The SECRETARY-GENERAL shall certify, on the top of the first page of the Bill so transmitted to the Council, in the following form:\u2014 'This Bill WHICH WAS PASSED BY THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT AND RETURNED BY THE PRESIDENT FOR RECONSIDERATION HAS BEEN PASSED AGAIN WITH\/WITHOUT AMENDMENT by the House of the People on, the \u202620\u2026\u2026'.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Three certificates in this chapter, and each is worded differently \u2014 a natural matched-pairs question:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 96(2)<\/b> \u2014 a Bill passed by the House and transmitted to the Council: <i>\"This Bill has been passed by the House of the People on the \u2026\"<\/i> \u2014 <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b>, on top of the first page. (And by the proviso, a <b>MONEY BILL<\/b> carries the <b>SPEAKER's<\/b> certificate <b>ENDORSED AT THE END<\/b>.)<br>\r\n<b>Rule 121(2)<\/b> \u2014 a Council Bill returned as amended by the House: <i>\"This Bill has been passed AS AMENDED by the House of the People on the \u2026\"<\/i> \u2014 Secretary-General.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 137(2)<\/b> \u2014 a Bill passed again after the President's message, as above \u2014 Secretary-General.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 138<\/b> then completes the cycle: if the Bill passed again is passed again by the Council without amendment, the message is <i>\"reported by the Secretary-General to the House if in session or published in the Bulletin \u2026 if the House is not in session.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 171, part: 3, partId: 26,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 78\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 78 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the debate on a motion that the Bill as reported by a Select or Joint Committee be taken into consideration shall be confined to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the clauses of the Bill as reported\",\r\n      \"consideration of the report of the Committee and the matters referred to in that report, or any alternative suggestions consistent with the principle of the Bill\",\r\n      \"the minutes of dissent recorded by members of the Committee\",\r\n      \"arguments in support of the Bill or for its rejection\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 78:<\/b> <i>\"The debate on a motion that the Bill as reported by the Select Committee of the House or the Joint Committee of the Houses, as the case may be, be taken into consideration SHALL BE CONFINED TO CONSIDERATION OF THE REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE AND THE MATTERS REFERRED TO IN THAT REPORT OR ANY ALTERNATIVE SUGGESTIONS CONSISTENT WITH THE PRINCIPLE OF THE BILL.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe closing words matter: alternative suggestions are allowed, but only if <b>CONSISTENT WITH THE PRINCIPLE OF THE BILL<\/b>. The principle was settled at the earlier stage under Rule 75(1) and is not reopened.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) states Rule 94<\/b>, which governs a different stage: <i>\"The discussion on a motion that the Bill or as the case may be, the Bill as amended, be passed shall be confined to the submission of arguments either in support of the Bill or for the rejection of the Bill.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The four scope-of-debate rules in Chapter X, in the order the stages arise:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 75(1)<\/b> \u2014 motion after introduction: the principle generally; details only to explain it.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 78<\/b> \u2014 motion after a Committee report: the report and matters in it, plus alternatives consistent with the principle.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 94<\/b> \u2014 motion for passing: arguments for or against, of a general character.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 132<\/b> \u2014 motion on the President's message: confined to the matters in the message or suggestions relevant to the amendments recommended.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 172, part: 3, partId: 27,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 77(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Where the member in charge moves that the Bill as reported by a Select or Joint Committee be taken into consideration, any member may move as an amendment that the Bill be\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"passed without further consideration\",\r\n      \"re-committed, or be circulated or recirculated for the purpose of eliciting opinion or further opinion thereon\",\r\n      \"withdrawn from the Register of Bills pending in the House\",\r\n      \"referred to the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 77(2):<\/b> <i>\"If the member in charge moves that the Bill as reported by the Select Committee of the House or the Joint Committee of the Houses, as the case may be, be taken into consideration, ANY MEMBER MAY MOVE AS AN AMENDMENT THAT THE BILL BE RE-COMMITTED OR BE CIRCULATED OR RECIRCULATED for the purpose of eliciting opinion or further opinion thereon.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe pattern is the same as at the earlier stage under <b>Rule 75(2)<\/b>: the member in charge moves the forward step, and any other member may move, <b>BY WAY OF AMENDMENT<\/b>, that the Bill take a step back instead \u2014 to a Committee, or out to public opinion.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (a) is barred by Rule 76:<\/b> no motion that a Bill be taken into consideration or be passed may be made by anyone other than the member in charge \u2014 and unlike the Committee and circulation motions, that bar admits no exception for amendments.<br>\r\n<b>Option (c) is barred by Rule 110:<\/b> only the member in charge may move for leave to withdraw a Bill.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the word \"RECIRCULATED\"<\/b>, which appears only at this stage \u2014 the Bill may already have been circulated once under Rule 74(iv), and what is sought now is FURTHER opinion on the Bill as the Committee has reported it. <b>Rule 303(3)<\/b> lets the Select Committee itself recommend exactly that course to the member in charge.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 173, part: 3, partId: 28,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 79(1)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 79(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where notice of an amendment to a clause or schedule of a Bill has not been given one day before the day on which the Bill is to be considered,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the amendment cannot be moved in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"the amendment may be moved only with the consent of the member in charge\",\r\n      \"any member may object to the moving of the amendment, and such objection shall prevail, unless the Speaker allows the amendment to be moved\",\r\n      \"the amendment shall stand referred to the Select Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 79(1):<\/b> <i>\"If notice of an amendment to a clause or schedule of the Bill has not been given ONE DAY BEFORE that day on which the Bill is to be considered, ANY MEMBER MAY OBJECT to the moving of the amendment, and SUCH OBJECTION SHALL PREVAIL, UNLESS THE SPEAKER ALLOWS THE AMENDMENT TO BE MOVED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe default favours the objector, but the Speaker retains an overriding discretion \u2014 the same structure as the second proviso to Rule 74 and the proviso to Rule 77(1), though with a one-day rather than a two-day period.<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso protects Government amendments against a change of Minister:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that, in the case of a GOVERNMENT BILL, an amendment, of which notice has been received from the member in charge, SHALL NOT LAPSE by reason of the fact that the member in charge HAS CEASED TO BE A MINISTER OR A MEMBER and such amendment shall be PRINTED IN THE NAME OF THE NEW MEMBER IN CHARGE of the Bill.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThat proviso makes sense of the definition in Rule 2(1) \u2014 for a Government Bill the member in charge is <i>\"any Minister\"<\/i>, so the Bill and its amendments belong to the Government, not to an individual.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 79(2):<\/b> <i>\"The Secretary-General shall, IF TIME PERMITS, make available to the members from time to time LISTS OF AMENDMENTS of which notices have been received.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 174, part: 3, partId: 29,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 79(1)\",\r\n    question: \"In the case of a Government Bill, an amendment of which notice has been received from the member in charge, where the member in charge has ceased to be a Minister or a member,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall lapse\",\r\n      \"may be moved only with the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"shall not lapse, and shall be printed in the name of the new member in charge of the Bill\",\r\n      \"shall stand referred to the Select Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 79(1):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that, in the case of a Government Bill, an amendment, of which notice has been received from the member in charge, SHALL NOT LAPSE BY REASON OF THE FACT THAT THE MEMBER IN CHARGE HAS CEASED TO BE A MINISTER OR A MEMBER and such amendment shall be PRINTED IN THE NAME OF THE NEW MEMBER IN CHARGE of the Bill.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe proviso reflects a principle that runs through the chapter: a <b>GOVERNMENT<\/b> Bill belongs to the Government, not to the individual who happens to be piloting it. That is why <b>Rule 2(1)<\/b> defines \"member in charge of the Bill\" as the member who introduced it <i>\"and ANY MINISTER in the case of a Government Bill.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the position of a PRIVATE member's Bill \u2014 Rule 113:<\/b> <i>\"A private member's Bill pending before the House shall ALSO BE REMOVED FROM THE REGISTER OF BILLS pending in the House in case\u2014 (a) the member in charge CEASES TO BE A MEMBER of the House; (b) the member in charge IS APPOINTED A MINISTER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two rules are exact opposites, and that is the point:<\/b> a Government amendment SURVIVES the member in charge ceasing to be a Minister or member; a private member's Bill DIES on either event. The reason is the definition of \"private member\" in Rule 2(1) \u2014 a member other than a Minister \u2014 so the Bill loses the very character that gave it its place.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 175, part: 3, partId: 30,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 80\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is NOT among the conditions governing the admissibility of amendments to clauses or schedules of a Bill?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"An amendment shall be within the scope of the Bill and relevant to the subject-matter of the clause to which it relates\",\r\n      \"An amendment shall not be inconsistent with any previous decision of the House on the same question\",\r\n      \"An amendment shall be such as to make the clause which it proposes to amend unintelligible or ungrammatical\",\r\n      \"The Speaker shall determine the place at which an amendment shall be moved\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this is NOT a condition; the rule says the opposite.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 80(iii):<\/b> <i>\"An amendment shall NOT be such as to make the clause which it proposes to amend UNINTELLIGIBLE OR UNGRAMMATICAL.\"<\/i> The option has had the negative stripped out \u2014 the Commission's signature construction on every admissibility rule.<br><br>\r\n<b>The seven conditions in Rule 80, in full:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>(i)<\/b> within the scope of the Bill and relevant to the subject-matter of the clause to which it relates;<br>\r\n<b>(ii)<\/b> not inconsistent with any previous decision of the House on the same question;<br>\r\n<b>(iii)<\/b> not such as to make the clause unintelligible or ungrammatical;<br>\r\n<b>(iv)<\/b> if it refers to, or is not intelligible without, a subsequent amendment or schedule, notice of that subsequent amendment or schedule shall be given <b>BEFORE THE FIRST AMENDMENT IS MOVED<\/b>, so as to make the series intelligible as a whole;<br>\r\n<b>(v)<\/b> the <b>SPEAKER SHALL DETERMINE THE PLACE<\/b> at which an amendment shall be moved;<br>\r\n<b>(vi)<\/b> the Speaker <b>MAY REFUSE TO PROPOSE<\/b> an amendment which is, in his opinion, <b>FRIVOLOUS OR MEANINGLESS<\/b>;<br>\r\n<b>(vii)<\/b> an amendment <b>MAY BE MOVED TO AN AMENDMENT<\/b> which has already been proposed by the Speaker.<br><br>\r\nCompare the general conditions for amendments to MOTIONS in <b>Rule 344<\/b> \u2014 relevance and scope, not merely a negative vote, not inconsistent with a previous decision.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 176, part: 3, partId: 31,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 80\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the admissibility of amendments to clauses of a Bill:<br>1. The Speaker shall determine the place at which an amendment shall be moved.<br>2. The Speaker may refuse to propose an amendment which is, in the opinion of the Speaker, frivolous or meaningless.<br>3. An amendment may be moved to an amendment which has already been proposed by the Speaker.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three are conditions in <b>Rule 80<\/b> \u2014 clauses (v), (vi) and (vii) respectively:<br>\r\n<i>\"(v) The Speaker shall determine the place at which an amendment shall be moved.<br>\r\n(vi) The Speaker may refuse to propose an amendment which is, in the opinion of the Speaker, frivolous or meaningless.<br>\r\n(vii) An amendment may be moved to an amendment which has already been proposed by the Speaker.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Clause (vii) \u2014 the amendment to an amendment \u2014 has a consequence in Rule 87:<\/b> <i>\"An amendment moved may, BY LEAVE OF THE HOUSE, BUT NOT OTHERWISE, be withdrawn on the request of the member moving it. IF AN AMENDMENT HAS BEEN PROPOSED TO AN AMENDMENT, THE ORIGINAL AMENDMENT SHALL NOT BE WITHDRAWN UNTIL THE AMENDMENT PROPOSED TO IT HAS BEEN DISPOSED OF.\"<\/i> The subsidiary amendment cannot be left hanging.<br><br>\r\n<b>Clauses (v) and (vi) belong with the Speaker's other controls over amendments:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 83<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker has power to <b>SELECT<\/b> the new clauses or amendments to be proposed, and may call on a member who has given notice to explain the object of his amendment.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 84<\/b> \u2014 amendments are arranged in the list in the order in which they may be called; where two raise the same question at the same point, precedence may be given to one proposed by the member in charge.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 85(2)<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may put similar amendments together, but must put one separately if a member so requests.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 177, part: 3, partId: 32,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 80(iv)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 80(iv) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where an amendment refers to, or is not intelligible without, a subsequent amendment or schedule, notice of the subsequent amendment or schedule shall be given\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"at the same time as the first amendment is moved\",\r\n      \"at any time before the clause is put to the vote\",\r\n      \"before the first amendment is moved, so as to make the series of amendments intelligible as a whole\",\r\n      \"within one day after the first amendment is moved\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 80(iv):<\/b> <i>\"If an amendment refers to, or is not intelligible without a subsequent amendment or schedule, NOTICE OF THE SUBSEQUENT AMENDMENT OR SCHEDULE SHALL BE GIVEN BEFORE THE FIRST AMENDMENT IS MOVED, SO AS TO MAKE THE SERIES OF AMENDMENTS INTELLIGIBLE AS A WHOLE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe purpose is stated in the clause itself \u2014 the House must be able to see the <b>WHOLE SERIES<\/b> before it votes on the first link in it. Otherwise a member could carry an innocuous-looking amendment whose real effect appears only in a later one.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same concern for coherence produces the neighbouring provisions:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 80(iii)<\/b> \u2014 an amendment must not make the clause unintelligible or ungrammatical.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 86 proviso<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"in order to SAVE TIME AND REPETITION OF ARGUMENTS, a SINGLE DISCUSSION MAY BE ALLOWED TO COVER A SERIES OF INTER-DEPENDENT AMENDMENTS.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 87<\/b> \u2014 where an amendment has been proposed to an amendment, the original may not be withdrawn until the subsidiary one has been disposed of.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 95<\/b> deals with the tidying-up afterwards: where a Bill is passed, the Speaker has power to <b>CORRECT PATENT ERRORS<\/b> and make such other changes as are <b>CONSEQUENTIAL UPON THE AMENDMENTS ACCEPTED<\/b> by the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 178, part: 3, partId: 33,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 81\",\r\n    question: \"No previous sanction or recommendation of the President shall be required for an amendment which seeks to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"impose a new tax not proposed in the Bill\",\r\n      \"abolish or reduce the limits of the tax proposed in the Bill or amendment, or increase such tax up to the limits of an existing tax\",\r\n      \"increase the tax proposed in the Bill beyond the limits of an existing tax\",\r\n      \"provide for expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 81:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that NO PREVIOUS SANCTION OR RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT SHALL BE REQUIRED, if an amendment seeks to\u2014 (a) ABOLISH OR REDUCE THE LIMITS OF THE TAX PROPOSED IN THE BILL OR AMENDMENT; or (b) INCREASE SUCH TAX UP TO THE LIMITS OF AN EXISTING TAX.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The logic is that the President's recommendation exists to protect the public revenue and the citizen against fresh burdens.<\/b> An amendment that ABOLISHES or REDUCES a proposed tax threatens neither; nor does one that merely restores a tax to a rate that already exists in law. Both stay within ground the President has already sanctioned.<br><br>\r\nClause (b) is the finely drawn one: an increase is permitted <b>ONLY UP TO THE LIMITS OF AN EXISTING TAX<\/b>. Beyond that limit it is a new imposition and the recommendation is required \u2014 which is why option (c) is wrong.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 81<\/b> itself: where the Constitution requires the previous sanction or recommendation of the President for an amendment, the member <i>\"shall annex to the notice required by these rules such sanction or recommendation CONVEYED THROUGH A MINISTER and the notice SHALL NOT BE VALID until this requirement is complied with.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 82:<\/b> the President's order granting or withholding sanction to an amendment is communicated to the Secretary-General by the Minister concerned in writing.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 179, part: 3, partId: 34,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 83\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 83 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the Speaker has power to select the new clauses or amendments to a Bill which are to be proposed and, if he thinks fit, may\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"call upon any member who has given notice of an amendment to give such explanation of the object of the amendment as may enable the member to form a judgment upon it\",\r\n      \"direct that the amendment be referred to the Select Committee\",\r\n      \"require the member to obtain the consent of the member in charge\",\r\n      \"put the amendment to the vote without discussion\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 83:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall have POWER TO SELECT THE NEW CLAUSES OR AMENDMENTS TO BE PROPOSED and, IF THINKS FIT, MAY CALL UPON ANY MEMBER WHO HAS GIVEN NOTICE OF AN AMENDMENT TO GIVE SUCH EXPLANATION OF THE OBJECT OF THE AMENDMENT AS MAY ENABLE THE MEMBER TO FORM A JUDGMENT UPON IT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo powers in one rule: the power of <b>SELECTION<\/b> \u2014 not every amendment of which notice is given need be proposed to the House \u2014 and the power to require the mover to <b>EXPLAIN<\/b> its object before the Speaker decides whether to select it.<br><br>\r\n<b>The power of selection is conferred in identical terms for amendments to MOTIONS \u2014 Rule 346:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall have power to select the amendments to be proposed.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Read Rule 83 with Rule 80(vi)<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may refuse to propose an amendment which is <b>frivolous or meaningless<\/b> \u2014 and with <b>Rule 84<\/b>, which governs how the selected amendments are then arranged: <i>\"Amendments of which notice has been given shall, AS FAR AS PRACTICABLE, be arranged in the list of amendments \u2026 IN THE ORDER IN WHICH THEY MAY BE CALLED. In arranging amendments raising the SAME QUESTION AT THE SAME POINT of a clause, PRECEDENCE MAY BE GIVEN TO AN AMENDMENT PROPOSED BY THE MEMBER IN CHARGE of the Bill. Subject as aforesaid, amendments may be arranged in the order in which notices thereof are received.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 180, part: 3, partId: 35,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 84\",\r\n    question: \"In arranging amendments raising the same question at the same point of a clause, precedence may be given to an amendment proposed by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the member who gave notice first\",\r\n      \"the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"the member in charge of the Bill\",\r\n      \"the senior-most member among those who have given notice\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the member in charge of the Bill.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 84:<\/b> <i>\"Amendments of which notice has been given shall, as far as practicable, be arranged in the list of amendments, issued from time to time, IN THE ORDER IN WHICH THEY MAY BE CALLED. In arranging amendments raising THE SAME QUESTION AT THE SAME POINT of a clause, PRECEDENCE MAY BE GIVEN TO AN AMENDMENT PROPOSED BY THE MEMBER IN CHARGE OF THE BILL. Subject as aforesaid, amendments may be arranged IN THE ORDER IN WHICH NOTICES THEREOF ARE RECEIVED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The rule sets a three-tier order, and a question may be set on any tier:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>1.<\/b> Amendments are arranged in the order in which they may be <b>CALLED<\/b> \u2014 that is, following the clauses.<br>\r\n<b>2.<\/b> Where two raise the <b>SAME QUESTION AT THE SAME POINT<\/b>, the <b>MEMBER IN CHARGE's<\/b> amendment may be given precedence.<br>\r\n<b>3.<\/b> Subject to that, in the order in which <b>NOTICES ARE RECEIVED<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nNote the permissive \"MAY be given precedence\" in the second tier \u2014 it is not automatic.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 85(1)<\/b> states the governing principle for the sequence: <i>\"Amendments shall ORDINARILY be considered IN THE ORDER OF THE CLAUSES OF THE BILL to which they respectively relate; and in respect of any such clause a motion shall be DEEMED TO HAVE BEEN MADE: 'That this clause do stand part of the Bill'.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 181, part: 3, partId: 36,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 85(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Amendments shall ordinarily be considered in the order of the clauses of the Bill to which they respectively relate, and in respect of any such clause a motion shall be deemed to have been made that\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"this clause be taken into consideration\",\r\n      \"this clause as amended be passed\",\r\n      \"this clause do stand part of the Bill\",\r\n      \"this clause be referred to a Select Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \"That this clause do stand part of the Bill\".<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 85(1):<\/b> <i>\"Amendments shall ordinarily be considered in the order of the clauses of the Bill to which they respectively relate; and in respect of any such clause A MOTION SHALL BE DEEMED TO HAVE BEEN MADE: 'THAT THIS CLAUSE DO STAND PART OF THE BILL'.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe <b>DEEMING<\/b> is what makes clause-by-clause consideration work without a separate motion for every clause: the moment a clause is reached, the motion that it stand part of the Bill is treated as already before the House, and amendments to it are moved against that motion.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same formula appears at each of the later stages, and it is worth learning the exact words:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 88<\/b> \u2014 where the Speaker submits the Bill clause by clause, after the amendments relating to a clause have been dealt with he shall put the question: <i>\"That this clause (or, that this clause as amended, as the case may be) do stand part of the Bill.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 90<\/b> \u2014 for schedules: <i>\"That this schedule (or, that this schedule as amended, as the case may be) do stand part of the Bill.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 92<\/b> \u2014 for clause one, the Enacting Formula, the Preamble and the Title, which stand postponed to the end.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 85(2):<\/b> the Speaker may put similar amendments to a clause as one question \u2014 <i>\"Provided that if a member requests that any amendment be put separately, the Speaker SHALL put that amendment separately.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 182, part: 3, partId: 37,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 85(2)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 85(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the Speaker, if he thinks fit, may put as one question similar amendments to a clause. However, if a member requests that any amendment be put separately,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker may or may not accede to the request\",\r\n      \"the request shall be decided by the House\",\r\n      \"the Speaker shall put that amendment separately\",\r\n      \"the request shall be allowed only if supported by ten members\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the Speaker shall put that amendment separately.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 85(2):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker, IF THINKS FIT, MAY put as one question SIMILAR AMENDMENTS to a clause: Provided that IF A MEMBER REQUESTS that any amendment be put separately, THE SPEAKER SHALL PUT THAT AMENDMENT SEPARATELY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The change of verb is the whole question \u2014 and this is the Commission's favourite construction on Chapter X:<\/b> grouping is <b>DISCRETIONARY<\/b> (\"if thinks fit, MAY\"); separating on a member's request is <b>MANDATORY<\/b> (\"SHALL\"). A single member can always insist on a separate vote.<br><br>\r\n<b>The identical structure appears twice more, and the three should be learnt as a set:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 91<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may put clauses and\/or schedules together, <i>\"Provided that if a member requests that any clause or schedule \u2026 be put separately, the Speaker SHALL put that clause or schedule \u2026 separately.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 155<\/b> (Constitution amendment Bills) \u2014 the same safeguard again, in the same words.<br><br>\r\nSo at every level \u2014 amendment, clause, schedule \u2014 the House may vote in bulk for convenience, but any one member may break the bulk. Note that Rule 85(2) speaks of <b>SIMILAR<\/b> amendments; dissimilar ones cannot be grouped at all.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 183, part: 3, partId: 38,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 86\",\r\n    question: \"When a motion that a Bill be taken into consideration has been carried, a member may move an amendment to the Bill of which he has previously given notice\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"at any time he chooses\",\r\n      \"only with the consent of the member in charge\",\r\n      \"when called upon by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"only after all clauses have been disposed of\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) when called upon by the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 86:<\/b> <i>\"When a motion that a Bill be taken into consideration has been carried, any member may, WHEN CALLED UPON BY THE SPEAKER, move an amendment to the Bill OF WHICH THAT MEMBER HAS PREVIOUSLY GIVEN NOTICE: Provided that IN ORDER TO SAVE TIME AND REPETITION OF ARGUMENTS, A SINGLE DISCUSSION MAY BE ALLOWED TO COVER A SERIES OF INTER-DEPENDENT AMENDMENTS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo conditions therefore govern the moving of an amendment: <b>PREVIOUS NOTICE<\/b> (regulated by Rule 79(1) \u2014 one day, unless the Speaker allows otherwise), and being <b>CALLED UPON BY THE SPEAKER<\/b> (which follows from his powers of selection under Rule 83 and of arrangement under Rule 84).<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso answers to Rule 80(iv):<\/b> where an amendment is unintelligible without a subsequent one, notice of the whole series must be given before the first is moved \u2014 and Rule 86 then allows the whole series to be discussed once. Notice together; debate once.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 87<\/b> governs the exit: <i>\"An amendment moved may, BY LEAVE OF THE HOUSE, BUT NOT OTHERWISE, be withdrawn on the request of the member moving it. If an amendment has been proposed to an amendment, the original amendment shall not be withdrawn until the amendment proposed to it has been disposed of.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 184, part: 3, partId: 39,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 87\",\r\n    question: \"During the consideration of a Bill in the Lok Sabha, an amendment which has already been moved may be withdrawn\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"by the member moving it at any time, as of right\",\r\n      \"only with the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"on the request of the member moving it, by leave of the House, but not otherwise\",\r\n      \"only with the consent of the member in charge of the Bill\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) on the request of the member moving it, by leave of the House, but not otherwise.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 87:<\/b> <i>\"An amendment moved may, BY LEAVE OF THE HOUSE, BUT NOT OTHERWISE, be withdrawn on the request of the member moving it. IF AN AMENDMENT HAS BEEN PROPOSED TO AN AMENDMENT, THE ORIGINAL AMENDMENT SHALL NOT BE WITHDRAWN UNTIL THE AMENDMENT PROPOSED TO IT HAS BEEN DISPOSED OF.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The principle is that once an amendment is MOVED it belongs to the House, not to the mover.<\/b> He may ask to withdraw it; only the House can let him. The words \"but not otherwise\" put it beyond doubt \u2014 not even the Speaker can dispense with the leave of the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>The second sentence follows from Rule 80(vii)<\/b>, which allows an amendment to be moved to an amendment already proposed by the Speaker. If the original could be withdrawn while a subsidiary amendment to it was pending, the subsidiary would have nothing to attach to. So the subsidiary is disposed of first.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the withdrawal of a BILL \u2014 Rule 110:<\/b> the member in charge may at any stage move <b>FOR LEAVE<\/b> to withdraw the Bill on one of three grounds, <i>\"and if such leave is granted NO FURTHER MOTION SHALL BE MADE with reference to the Bill.\"<\/i> Again the House's leave, not the member's choice.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 185, part: 3, partId: 40,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 88\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 88 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, notwithstanding anything contained in the rules, the Speaker may, when a motion that a Bill be taken into consideration has been carried,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"put the whole Bill to the vote of the House at once\",\r\n      \"direct that the Bill be circulated for eliciting opinion\",\r\n      \"refer the Bill to a Select Committee of the House\",\r\n      \"submit the Bill, or any part of the Bill, to the House clause by clause, calling each clause separately\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 88:<\/b> <i>\"NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING CONTAINED IN THESE RULES, the Speaker may, when a motion that a Bill be taken into consideration has been carried, SUBMIT THE BILL, OR ANY PART OF THE BILL, TO THE HOUSE CLAUSE BY CLAUSE. The Speaker may CALL EACH CLAUSE SEPARATELY, and, when the amendments relating to it have been dealt with, shall put the question: 'That this clause (or, that this clause as amended, as the case may be) DO STAND PART OF THE BILL'.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe opening words <b>\"Notwithstanding anything contained in these rules\"<\/b> give the Speaker an overriding power to structure the consideration stage \u2014 and note that it extends to <b>ANY PART<\/b> of the Bill, so a contentious Part may be taken clause by clause while the rest is taken in groups under Rule 91.<br><br>\r\n<b>The clause-by-clause machinery, in order:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 85<\/b> \u2014 amendments considered in the order of the clauses; the motion that a clause stand part is deemed made.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 88<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may submit the Bill or any part of it clause by clause.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 89<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"The Speaker, IF THINKS FIT, MAY POSTPONE THE CONSIDERATION OF A CLAUSE.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 90<\/b> \u2014 schedules follow the clauses, and new schedules follow the original schedules; but the proviso lets the Speaker take a schedule before the clauses are disposed of, or along with a clause.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 91<\/b> \u2014 clauses and schedules may be put together, subject to a member's right to have any one put separately.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 92<\/b> \u2014 clause one, the Enacting Formula, the Preamble and the Title stand postponed to the end.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 186, part: 3, partId: 41,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 90\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the consideration of schedules to a Bill:<br>1. The consideration of the schedules shall follow the consideration of clauses.<br>2. The consideration of new schedules shall follow the consideration of the original schedules.<br>3. The Speaker may allow the schedules to be considered before the clauses are disposed of, or along with a clause.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 90:<\/b> <i>\"THE CONSIDERATION OF THE SCHEDULE OR SCHEDULES, IF ANY, SHALL FOLLOW THE CONSIDERATION OF CLAUSES. Schedules shall be put from the Chair and MAY BE AMENDED, IN THE SAME MANNER AS CLAUSES and THE CONSIDERATION OF NEW SCHEDULES SHALL FOLLOW THE CONSIDERATION OF THE ORIGINAL SCHEDULES. The question shall then be put: 'That this schedule (or, that this schedule as amended, as the case may be) do stand part of the Bill': Provided that THE SPEAKER MAY ALLOW THE SCHEDULE OR SCHEDULES, IF ANY, BEING CONSIDERED BEFORE THE CLAUSES ARE DISPOSED OF OR ALONG WITH A CLAUSE or otherwise as the Speaker may think fit.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo the rule states a default order and then lets the Speaker depart from it \u2014 which is why statements 1 and 3 can both be correct without contradiction.<br><br>\r\n<b>The full order of consideration under Chapter X:<\/b> clauses \u2192 new clauses \u2192 schedules \u2192 new schedules \u2192 and finally, under <b>Rule 92<\/b>, <b>CLAUSE ONE, THE ENACTING FORMULA, THE PREAMBLE (if any) AND THE TITLE<\/b>, which <i>\"shall STAND POSTPONED until the other clauses and schedules (including new clauses and new schedules) have been disposed of.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe reason for postponing the formal parts is practical: the Title and the Preamble must match the Bill as it finally emerges, and that is not known until everything else is settled.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 187, part: 3, partId: 42,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 92\",\r\n    question: \"Which of the following stand postponed until the other clauses and schedules of a Bill, including new clauses and new schedules, have been disposed of?<br>1. Clause one<br>2. The Enacting Formula<br>3. The Preamble, if any<br>4. The Title of the Bill<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 92:<\/b> <i>\"CLAUSE ONE, THE ENACTING FORMULA, THE PREAMBLE, IF ANY AND THE TITLE OF A BILL SHALL STAND POSTPONED until the other clauses and schedules (INCLUDING NEW CLAUSES AND NEW SCHEDULES) have been disposed of and the Speaker shall then put the question: 'That clause one, or the Enacting Formula, or the Preamble or the Title (or, that clause one, Enacting Formula, Preamble or Title as amended, as the case may be) DO STAND PART OF THE BILL'.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nAll four are named in the rule. <b>Clause one<\/b> of a Bill is the short title and commencement provision; the <b>Enacting Formula<\/b> is the words \"Be it enacted by Parliament in the \u2026 Year of the Republic of India as follows\"; the <b>Preamble<\/b>, where there is one, recites the object; and the <b>Title<\/b> is the long title describing the Bill.<br><br>\r\n<b>The reason for the postponement is that all four describe the Bill as a whole<\/b>, and none of them can be settled until it is known what the Bill finally contains. If a whole Part were struck out during clause-by-clause consideration, the long title would have to be amended to match.<br><br>\r\n<b>The postponement in Rule 92 is automatic and general.<\/b> Contrast <b>Rule 89<\/b>, which gives the Speaker a discretionary power to postpone the consideration of <b>ANY<\/b> clause: <i>\"The Speaker, if thinks fit, may postpone the consideration of a clause.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 188, part: 3, partId: 43,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 89\",\r\n    question: \"During the clause-by-clause consideration of a Bill in the Lok Sabha, the consideration of a clause may be postponed\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"by the Speaker, if he thinks fit\",\r\n      \"by the House on a motion made by the member in charge\",\r\n      \"only where an amendment to that clause requires the recommendation of the President\",\r\n      \"only where the clause involves expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) by the Speaker, if he thinks fit.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 89:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker, IF THINKS FIT, MAY POSTPONE THE CONSIDERATION OF A CLAUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOne of the shortest rules in the chapter, and entirely discretionary. It is the flexibility that makes clause-by-clause consideration workable: a clause whose fate depends on a later decision, or on a recommendation of the President not yet received, can simply be stood over.<br><br>\r\n<b>Distinguish the two postponements in this Part, because they work quite differently:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 89<\/b> \u2014 <b>DISCRETIONARY<\/b> postponement of <b>ANY<\/b> clause, by the Speaker if he thinks fit.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 92<\/b> \u2014 <b>AUTOMATIC<\/b> postponement of <b>CLAUSE ONE, THE ENACTING FORMULA, THE PREAMBLE AND THE TITLE<\/b>, which \"SHALL stand postponed\" until everything else is disposed of.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Speaker's structural powers over the consideration stage, collected:<\/b> submit the Bill or any part of it clause by clause (Rule 88); postpone the consideration of a clause (Rule 89); take schedules before or along with clauses (proviso to Rule 90); put clauses and schedules together (Rule 91); select the amendments to be proposed (Rule 83); determine the place at which an amendment is moved (Rule 80(v)); and refuse to propose a frivolous or meaningless amendment (Rule 80(vi)).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 189, part: 3, partId: 44,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 91\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker, if he thinks fit, may put as one question to the vote of the House\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"clauses and\/or schedules, or clauses and\/or schedules as amended, together\",\r\n      \"clauses only, and not schedules\",\r\n      \"schedules only, and not clauses\",\r\n      \"the whole Bill including clause one, the Enacting Formula, the Preamble and the Title\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 91:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker, IF THINKS FIT, MAY PUT AS ONE QUESTION CLAUSES AND OR SCHEDULES, OR CLAUSES AND OR SCHEDULES AS AMENDED, as the case may be, TOGETHER TO THE VOTE OF THE HOUSE: Provided that IF A MEMBER REQUESTS that any clause or schedule, or any clause or schedule as amended, as the case may be, BE PUT SEPARATELY, THE SPEAKER SHALL PUT THAT CLAUSE OR SCHEDULE \u2026 SEPARATELY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) is wrong because of Rule 92<\/b>: clause one, the Enacting Formula, the Preamble and the Title stand postponed until everything else is disposed of, and are then put under Rule 92's own formula. They cannot be swept into a Rule 91 grouping.<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso is where the marks are.<\/b> Grouping is discretionary \u2014 \"if thinks fit, MAY\"; separating on a member's request is mandatory \u2014 \"SHALL\". This has been asked directly in a previous year's paper.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same safeguard appears at three levels:<\/b> for AMENDMENTS in <b>Rule 85(2)<\/b>; for CLAUSES AND SCHEDULES here in <b>Rule 91<\/b>; and for a CONSTITUTION AMENDMENT BILL in the second proviso to <b>Rule 155<\/b> \u2014 where the Speaker may, with the concurrence of the House, put clauses together, but must put any one separately on request. In a Constitution amendment Bill the safeguard matters most of all, because each clause must clear the special majority under Article 368(2).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 190, part: 3, partId: 45,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rules 79\u201392\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to the consideration of a Bill in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Speaker has power to select the new clauses or amendments to be proposed\",\r\n      \"An amendment which has been moved may be withdrawn by the member moving it as of right\",\r\n      \"The consideration of new schedules shall follow the consideration of the original schedules\",\r\n      \"The Speaker may refuse to propose an amendment which is, in his opinion, frivolous or meaningless\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 87:<\/b> <i>\"An amendment moved may, BY LEAVE OF THE HOUSE, BUT NOT OTHERWISE, be withdrawn on the request of the member moving it.\"<\/i> There is no right of withdrawal. Once moved, the amendment is the House's, and only the House can let it go.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 83<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker has power to select the new clauses or amendments to be proposed (A \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>Rule 90<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"the consideration of new schedules shall follow the consideration of the original schedules\"<\/i> (C \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>Rule 80(vi)<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may refuse to propose an amendment which is, in his opinion, frivolous or meaningless (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>The \"leave of the House\" requirement recurs wherever something already before the House is to be taken away:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 87<\/b> \u2014 withdrawal of an amendment.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 110<\/b> \u2014 the member in charge moves <b>FOR LEAVE<\/b> to withdraw a Bill; if leave is granted, no further motion may be made with reference to it.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 60(2)<\/b> and <b>Rule 198(2)<\/b> \u2014 leave of the House for an adjournment motion and a no-confidence motion, tested by fifty members rising.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 191, part: 3, partId: 46,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 93(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Where a motion that a Bill be taken into consideration has been carried and no amendment of the Bill is made, the member in charge\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"may at once move that the Bill be passed\",\r\n      \"shall move that the Bill be passed only on a subsequent day\",\r\n      \"shall give two days' notice of the motion that the Bill be passed\",\r\n      \"shall move that the Bill be referred to a Select Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) may at once move that the Bill be passed.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 93(1):<\/b> <i>\"When a motion that a Bill be taken into consideration has been carried and NO AMENDMENT OF THE BILL IS MADE, the member in charge MAY AT ONCE MOVE THAT THE BILL BE PASSED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 93(2)<\/b> supplies the contrast, and the pair is the natural question:<br>\r\n<i>\"Where a Bill HAS UNDERGONE AMENDMENTS the motion that the Bill as amended be passed SHALL NOT BE MOVED ON THE SAME DAY on which the consideration of the Bill is concluded, UNLESS THE SPEAKER ALLOWS the motion to be made.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>So the rule is:<\/b> Bill <b>UNAMENDED<\/b> \u2192 may be passed <b>AT ONCE<\/b>. Bill <b>AMENDED<\/b> \u2192 <b>NOT the same day<\/b>, unless the Speaker allows. The reason is that members must be able to see the Bill in its amended shape before voting it into law.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 93(3)<\/b> restricts what may be moved to the passing motion: <i>\"To such a motion NO AMENDMENT MAY BE MOVED WHICH IS NOT EITHER FORMAL, VERBAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL upon an amendment made after the Bill was taken into consideration.\"<\/i> \u2014 three permitted categories only.<br><br>\r\n<b>And Rule 94<\/b> confines the debate to <i>\"arguments either in support of the Bill or for the rejection of the Bill\"<\/i>, of a general character.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 192, part: 3, partId: 47,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 93(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Where a Bill has undergone amendments, the motion that the Bill as amended be passed\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"may be moved on the same day on which the consideration of the Bill is concluded, as of right\",\r\n      \"shall not be moved on the same day on which the consideration of the Bill is concluded, unless the Speaker allows the motion to be made\",\r\n      \"shall not be moved until two days after the consideration of the Bill is concluded, in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"shall be moved only after the amendments have been published in the Gazette\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 93(2):<\/b> <i>\"Where a Bill has undergone amendments the motion that the Bill as amended be passed SHALL NOT BE MOVED ON THE SAME DAY on which the consideration of the Bill is concluded, UNLESS THE SPEAKER ALLOWS THE MOTION TO BE MADE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOption (c) is the trap: it gets the protection right but makes it absolute. The Speaker may always allow the motion to be made the same day, and in practice usually does where the amendments are few.<br><br>\r\nThe safeguard belongs to the same family as the reading-time protections earlier in the chapter \u2014 copies of the Bill available for two days (second proviso to Rule 74), copies of the report for two days (proviso to Rule 77(1)), notice of an amendment one day before (Rule 79(1)). In each case the House is given time to read, and in each case the Speaker may dispense with it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 93(3)<\/b> then limits what may be moved on the passing motion: only amendments which are <b>FORMAL, VERBAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL<\/b> upon an amendment made after the Bill was taken into consideration. Nothing substantive can be reopened at that stage \u2014 the substance was settled clause by clause under Rules 85 to 92.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 95<\/b> deals with what is left over: the Speaker may <b>CORRECT PATENT ERRORS<\/b> and make changes <b>CONSEQUENTIAL UPON THE AMENDMENTS ACCEPTED<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 193, part: 3, partId: 48,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 93(3)\",\r\n    question: \"To a motion that the Bill, or the Bill as amended, be passed, an amendment may be moved only if it is\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"relevant to the subject-matter of the Bill\",\r\n      \"either formal, verbal or consequential upon an amendment made after the Bill was taken into consideration\",\r\n      \"within the scope of the clause to which it relates\",\r\n      \"supported by the member in charge of the Bill\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 93(3):<\/b> <i>\"To such a motion NO AMENDMENT MAY BE MOVED WHICH IS NOT EITHER FORMAL, VERBAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL UPON AN AMENDMENT MADE AFTER THE BILL WAS TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Three permitted categories, and nothing else:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>FORMAL<\/b> \u2014 of form rather than substance;<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>VERBAL<\/b> \u2014 of wording;<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>CONSEQUENTIAL<\/b> upon an amendment already made at the consideration stage.<br><br>\r\nThe restriction exists because the substance of the Bill was settled clause by clause under Rules 85 to 92. Reopening it at the passing stage would make that whole exercise pointless.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (a) states the test at the EARLIER stage \u2014 Rule 80(i):<\/b> <i>\"An amendment shall be within the scope of the Bill and relevant to the subject-matter of the clause to which it relates.\"<\/i> That governs amendments to CLAUSES; Rule 93(3) governs amendments to the PASSING MOTION, and is much narrower.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 94<\/b> narrows the debate to match: <i>\"The discussion on a motion that the Bill or as the case may be, the Bill as amended, be passed shall be CONFINED TO THE SUBMISSION OF ARGUMENTS EITHER IN SUPPORT OF THE BILL OR FOR THE REJECTION OF THE BILL. The member while making the speech SHALL NOT REFER TO THE DETAILS OF THE BILL FURTHER THAN IS NECESSARY for the purpose of arguments WHICH SHALL BE OF A GENERAL CHARACTER.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 194, part: 3, partId: 49,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 95\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 95 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where a Bill is passed by the House, the Speaker shall have power to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"make any changes he considers necessary to improve the Bill\",\r\n      \"correct patent errors and make such other changes in the Bill as are consequential upon the amendments accepted by the House\",\r\n      \"restore any clause negatived by the House if it is essential to the working of the Bill\",\r\n      \"amend the Title of the Bill in his discretion\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 95:<\/b> <i>\"Where a Bill is passed by the House, the Speaker shall have power to CORRECT PATENT ERRORS and make such other changes in the Bill AS ARE CONSEQUENTIAL UPON THE AMENDMENTS ACCEPTED BY THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The power is strictly confined, and options (a), (c) and (d) all overstate it.<\/b> It extends to two things only: <b>PATENT ERRORS<\/b> \u2014 errors on the face of the text, such as a wrong cross-reference or a numbering slip \u2014 and changes <b>CONSEQUENTIAL UPON AMENDMENTS THE HOUSE HAS ACCEPTED<\/b>. The Speaker cannot improve the Bill, revive what the House has negatived, or alter its substance.<br><br>\r\nThe rule is a practical necessity. A Bill amended clause by clause over several sittings will often contain internal references that no longer fit \u2014 a clause renumbered, a schedule split, a proviso moved. Someone must reconcile them before the Bill is authenticated, and Rule 95 gives that limited task to the Speaker.<br><br>\r\n<b>What follows immediately \u2014 Rule 96(1):<\/b> <i>\"When a Bill is passed by the House, it shall be TRANSMITTED TO THE COUNCIL FOR CONCURRENCE WITH A MESSAGE TO THAT EFFECT.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>And Rule 128(1):<\/b> when a Bill is passed by the Houses and is in possession of the House, it is <b>SIGNED IN DUPLICATE BY THE SPEAKER<\/b> and presented to the President.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 195, part: 3, partId: 50,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 96(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 96(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, when a Bill passed by the House is transmitted to the Council, the certificate on the top of the first page of the Bill, in the prescribed form, is given by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs\",\r\n      \"the member in charge of the Bill\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) the Secretary-General.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 96(2):<\/b> <i>\"The SECRETARY-GENERAL shall certify, ON TOP OF THE FIRST PAGE of the Bill so transmitted to the Council, in the following form:\u2014 'This Bill has been passed by the House of the People on the \u2026\u202620\u2026'.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>But the proviso puts a Money Bill in a different class altogether:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that IF IT IS A MONEY BILL WITHIN THE MEANING OF ARTICLE 110 of the Constitution the CERTIFICATE BY THE SPEAKER shall be ENDORSED AT THE END OF THE BILL in the following form: 'I hereby certify that this Bill is a Money Bill within the meaning of article 110 of the Constitution of India.'\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Two differences, and both are examinable:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>WHO<\/b> \u2014 an ordinary Bill is certified by the <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b>; a Money Bill by the <b>SPEAKER<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>WHERE<\/b> \u2014 the Secretary-General's certificate goes <b>ON TOP OF THE FIRST PAGE<\/b>; the Speaker's Money Bill certificate is <b>ENDORSED AT THE END<\/b> of the Bill.<br><br>\r\nThe Speaker's certificate has constitutional force: <b>Article 110(4)<\/b> requires it on every Money Bill transmitted to the Council of States and presented to the President, and <b>Article 110(3)<\/b> makes the Speaker's decision on whether a Bill is a Money Bill <b>FINAL<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 121(2)<\/b> prescribes a similar Secretary-General's certificate for a Council Bill returned as amended by the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 196, part: 3, partId: 51,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 96(2)\",\r\n    question: \"The certificate that a Bill is a Money Bill within the meaning of article 110 of the Constitution is\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"given by the Secretary-General on top of the first page of the Bill\",\r\n      \"recorded by the President at the time of assent\",\r\n      \"given by the Minister in charge in the Statement of Objects and Reasons\",\r\n      \"endorsed by the Speaker at the end of the Bill\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) endorsed by the Speaker at the end of the Bill.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 96(2):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that if it is a Money Bill within the meaning of article 110 of the Constitution the certificate BY THE SPEAKER shall be ENDORSED AT THE END OF THE BILL in the following form: 'I hereby certify that this Bill is a Money Bill within the meaning of article 110 of the Constitution of India. Dated the \u2026\u202620\u2026\u2026 Speaker.'\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The constitutional backing \u2014 Article 110(4):<\/b> <i>\"There shall be endorsed on every Money Bill when it is transmitted to the Council of States under article 109, and when it is presented to the President for assent under article 111, the signature of the Speaker certifying that it is a Money Bill.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Article 110(3):<\/b> <i>\"If any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, the DECISION OF THE SPEAKER of the House of the People thereon shall be FINAL.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Why the certificate matters:<\/b> it triggers the whole special procedure of <b>Article 109<\/b> \u2014 the Bill cannot be introduced in the Rajya Sabha; the Rajya Sabha may only RECOMMEND amendments; it must return the Bill within <b>FOURTEEN DAYS<\/b>; and if it does not, the Bill is deemed passed by both Houses. Rules 103 to 108 are the House's machinery for that Article.<br><br>\r\nAnd by the first proviso to <b>Rule 74<\/b>, a Money Bill cannot be referred to a Joint Committee of the Houses.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 197, part: 3, partId: 52,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rules 142 and 143\",\r\n    question: \"After a Bill has been passed again by the House following the President's message and returned by the Council with amendments, and the House disagrees with an amendment made by the Council,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Bill shall be deemed to have been rejected\",\r\n      \"the House shall return the Bill, or the Bill as further amended, to the Council with a message to that effect, and the Houses shall be deemed to have finally disagreed only if the Council thereafter insists\",\r\n      \"the Houses shall be deemed to have finally disagreed at once\",\r\n      \"the Bill shall be presented to the President in the form in which it was passed again by the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 142:<\/b> <i>\"The House, IF IT AGREES to the amendment made by the Council, shall send a message to the Council to that effect, but IF IT DISAGREES with that amendment or proposes further amendment or an alternative amendment, THE HOUSE SHALL RETURN THE BILL OR THE BILLS AS FURTHER AMENDED TO THE COUNCIL WITH A MESSAGE to that effect.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 143:<\/b> <i>\"If the Bill is returned to the House with a message that THE COUNCIL INSISTS on an amendment or amendments to which the House has disagreed, the Houses shall be DEEMED TO HAVE FINALLY DISAGREED as to the amendment or amendments.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rules 142 and 143 are word-for-word Rules 101 and 102, applied at the reconsideration stage.<\/b> The whole of Part IV works this way \u2014 it reproduces the Part I and Part II machinery for a Bill that has come back from the President.<br><br>\r\n<b>The sequence leading here:<\/b> <b>Rule 139<\/b> \u2014 a Bill passed again and returned by the Council with amendments is <b>LAID ON THE TABLE<\/b>; <b>Rule 140<\/b> \u2014 a motion on <b>two days' notice<\/b>, or without notice with the Speaker's consent; <b>Rule 141(1)<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker puts the amendments as he thinks most convenient; <b>Rule 141(2)<\/b> \u2014 further amendments only if <b>consequential upon, incidental or alternative to<\/b> a Council amendment.<br><br>\r\n<b>Final disagreement again requires an act of INSISTENCE<\/b> \u2014 one round trip is not enough, exactly as under Rules 101\u2013102 and 125\u2013126.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 198, part: 3, partId: 53,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 98\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 98 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, if a Bill other than a Money Bill passed by the House and transmitted to the Council is returned to the House with amendments, it shall on receipt\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"be laid on the Table\",\r\n      \"be published in the Gazette\",\r\n      \"stand referred to a Select Committee\",\r\n      \"be taken up for consideration forthwith\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) be laid on the Table.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 98:<\/b> <i>\"If a Bill other than Money Bill passed by the House and transmitted to the Council is RETURNED TO THE HOUSE WITH AMENDMENTS, it shall ON RECEIPT BE LAID ON THE TABLE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nLaying on the Table is the first step in every \"returned Bill\" sequence in this chapter, and the pattern that follows is always the same three moves:<br>\r\n<b>1. LAID ON THE TABLE<\/b> (Rule 98 here; Rule 104 for a Money Bill returned with recommendations; Rule 122 and Rule 139 in the later Parts).<br>\r\n<b>2. MOTION FOR CONSIDERATION<\/b> of the amendments, on <b>TWO DAYS' NOTICE<\/b> or, with the Speaker's consent, without notice (Rule 99 here; Rules 105, 123, 140, 150 elsewhere).<br>\r\n<b>3. THE SPEAKER PUTS THE AMENDMENTS<\/b> to the House in such manner as he thinks most convenient (Rule 100(1) here; Rules 106, 124(1), 141(1), 151(1) elsewhere).<br><br>\r\nRecognising that this three-step pattern repeats identically at every stage \u2014 Council amendments, Council recommendations on a Money Bill, and Presidential amendments \u2014 is worth far more than memorising each rule separately.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 199, part: 3, partId: 54,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 99\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 99 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, after a Bill returned by the Council with amendments has been laid on the Table, a motion that the amendments be taken into consideration may be moved\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"after giving two days' notice, or with the consent of the Speaker without notice\",\r\n      \"after giving seven days' notice in every case\",\r\n      \"without any notice, as of right\",\r\n      \"only on a day appointed by the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) after giving two days' notice, or with the consent of the Speaker without notice.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 99:<\/b> <i>\"After the amended Bill has been laid on the Table, ANY MINISTER IN THE CASE OF A GOVERNMENT BILL, OR IN ANY OTHER CASE ANY MEMBER may, after giving TWO DAYS' NOTICE, OR WITH THE CONSENT OF THE SPEAKER WITHOUT NOTICE, move that the amendments be taken into consideration.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note who may move it<\/b> \u2014 for a Government Bill, <b>ANY MINISTER<\/b>; otherwise <b>ANY MEMBER<\/b>. The restriction in Rule 76, confining consideration and passing motions to the member in charge, does not govern this later stage.<br><br>\r\n<b>\"Two days' notice, or with the consent of the Speaker without notice\" is the standard formula for every returned-Bill motion in this chapter:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 99<\/b> \u2014 Council amendments to a House Bill.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 105<\/b> \u2014 Council recommendations on a Money Bill.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 123<\/b> \u2014 Council amendments to a Council Bill amended by the House.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 140<\/b> \u2014 Council amendments after a Bill has been passed again following the President's message.<br>\r\n<b>Rules 145 and 150<\/b> \u2014 the corresponding stages for a Council Bill returned by the President.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 130 is the one exception:<\/b> for the President's message, the member gives <b>NOTICE OF INTENTION<\/b>, and under <b>Rule 131<\/b> the motion is set down <i>\"not less than two days from the receipt of the notice\"<\/i> unless the Speaker otherwise directs.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 200, part: 3, partId: 55,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 100(2)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 100(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where a motion that the amendments made by the Council be taken into consideration is carried, an amendment relevant to the subject-matter of an amendment made by the Council may be moved, but no further amendment shall be moved to the Bill unless it is\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"within the scope of the Bill and relevant to the clause to which it relates\",\r\n      \"supported by the member in charge of the Bill\",\r\n      \"formal, verbal or consequential upon an amendment already made\",\r\n      \"consequential upon, or an alternative to, an amendment made by the Council\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) consequential upon, or an alternative to, an amendment made by the Council.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 100(2):<\/b> <i>\"An amendment relevant to the subject-matter of an amendment made by the Council MAY BE MOVED, but NO FURTHER AMENDMENT SHALL BE MOVED TO THE BILL UNLESS IT IS CONSEQUENTIAL UPON, OR AN ALTERNATIVE TO, AN AMENDMENT MADE BY THE COUNCIL.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe principle is that when a Bill comes back from the Council, only what the <b>COUNCIL<\/b> has done is open. The House settled the rest when it passed the Bill, and cannot reopen it under cover of considering the Council's amendments.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 100(1)<\/b> gives the Speaker the handling: <i>\"If a motion that the amendments be taken into consideration is carried, the Speaker shall PUT THE AMENDMENTS TO THE HOUSE IN SUCH MANNER AS THE SPEAKER THINKS MOST CONVENIENT for their consideration.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The same limiting formula recurs at every returned-Bill stage, with one significant widening in Part IV:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rules 100(2) and 124(2)<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"consequential upon, OR AN ALTERNATIVE TO\"<\/i> \u2014 two categories.<br>\r\n<b>Rules 134, 141(2), 146(2) and 151(2)<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"consequential upon, INCIDENTAL OR ALTERNATIVE TO\"<\/i> \u2014 three, the word \"incidental\" being added for the reconsideration stages.<br>\r\nThat single extra word is a natural discrimination for a question.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 201, part: 3, partId: 56,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 101\",\r\n    question: \"Where the House agrees to an amendment made by the Council to a Bill, it shall send a message to the Council to that effect. But if the House disagrees with that amendment, or proposes a further amendment or an alternative amendment,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Bill shall be deemed to have been rejected\",\r\n      \"the House shall return the Bill, or the Bill as further amended, to the Council with a message to that effect\",\r\n      \"the Houses shall be deemed to have finally disagreed\",\r\n      \"the President may summon a joint sitting forthwith\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 101:<\/b> <i>\"The House, IF IT AGREES to the amendment made by the Council, shall SEND A MESSAGE to the Council to that effect, but IF IT DISAGREES with that amendment or proposes further amendment or an alternative amendment, the House shall RETURN THE BILL OR THE BILL AS FURTHER AMENDED TO THE COUNCIL WITH A MESSAGE to that effect.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo disagreement does <b>NOT<\/b> end the matter \u2014 the Bill goes back to the Council for another look. Final disagreement comes only at the next stage.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 102:<\/b> <i>\"If the Bill is RETURNED TO THE HOUSE WITH A MESSAGE THAT THE COUNCIL INSISTS on an amendment or amendments TO WHICH THE HOUSE HAS DISAGREED, the HOUSES SHALL BE DEEMED TO HAVE FINALLY DISAGREED as to the amendment or amendments.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The sequence is therefore: House passes \u2192 Council amends \u2192 House disagrees and returns \u2192 Council INSISTS \u2192 FINAL DISAGREEMENT.<\/b> It takes a full round trip and an act of insistence.<br><br>\r\n<b>Why final disagreement matters \u2014 Article 108(1)(a):<\/b> where a Bill has been passed by one House and the other has disagreed as to the amendments, the President <b>MAY SUMMON A JOINT SITTING<\/b>. Option (d) anticipates that consequence by one full stage, which is exactly why it is offered.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 126<\/b> is the mirror-image provision for a Bill originating in the Council.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 202, part: 3, partId: 57,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 102\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 102 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where a Bill is returned to the House with a message that the Council insists on an amendment to which the House has disagreed,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Bill shall be deemed to have been passed by both Houses\",\r\n      \"the Bill shall be laid on the Table and the amendments put again to the House\",\r\n      \"the Bill shall be deemed to have been rejected by the House\",\r\n      \"the Houses shall be deemed to have finally disagreed as to the amendment or amendments\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) the Houses shall be deemed to have finally disagreed.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 102:<\/b> <i>\"If the Bill is returned to the House with a message that the COUNCIL INSISTS on an amendment or amendments TO WHICH THE HOUSE HAS DISAGREED, the Houses shall be DEEMED TO HAVE FINALLY DISAGREED as to the amendment or amendments.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the direction of travel in Rule 102, because its counterpart runs the other way.<\/b> Here the <b>COUNCIL INSISTS<\/b> and the <b>HOUSE HAS DISAGREED<\/b> \u2014 the Bill originated in the House. The mirror provision is <b>Rule 126<\/b>, in Part II: <i>\"If a Bill is returned with a message intimating that the HOUSE INSISTS on amendments to which the COUNCIL IS UNABLE TO AGREE, the Houses shall be deemed to have finally disagreed as to the amendments.\"<\/i> \u2014 there the Bill originated in the Council.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rules 143 and 153<\/b> repeat the same two forms for Bills returned by the President and passed again.<br><br>\r\n<b>What \"finally disagreed\" leads to \u2014 Article 108(1):<\/b> the President may summon a <b>JOINT SITTING<\/b> where a Bill has been rejected by the other House, or the Houses have finally disagreed as to the amendments, or more than six months have elapsed without the Bill being passed by the other House. <b>Article 108(4):<\/b> at the joint sitting the Bill is passed by a <b>MAJORITY OF THE TOTAL NUMBER OF MEMBERS OF BOTH HOUSES PRESENT AND VOTING<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nA Money Bill and a Constitution amendment Bill are outside Article 108 altogether.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 203, part: 3, partId: 58,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rules 98\u2013102\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following stages in the case of a Bill other than a Money Bill returned by the Council with amendments:<br>1. The Bill is laid on the Table on receipt.<br>2. A motion that the amendments be taken into consideration is moved on two days' notice.<br>3. The Speaker puts the amendments to the House in such manner as he thinks most convenient.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 98<\/b> \u2014 the Bill returned with amendments <i>\"shall on receipt be laid on the Table.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 99<\/b> \u2014 any Minister in the case of a Government Bill, or any member otherwise, may, after giving <b>two days' notice<\/b> or with the Speaker's consent without notice, move that the amendments be taken into consideration.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 100(1)<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"If a motion that the amendments be taken into consideration is carried, the Speaker shall put the amendments to the House IN SUCH MANNER AS THE SPEAKER THINKS MOST CONVENIENT for their consideration.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The three-step sequence \u2014 LAID \u2192 MOTION ON TWO DAYS' NOTICE \u2192 SPEAKER PUTS THE AMENDMENTS \u2014 repeats identically at five points in this chapter:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rules 98\u2013100<\/b> \u2014 Council amendments to a House Bill.<br>\r\n<b>Rules 104\u2013106<\/b> \u2014 Council recommendations on a Money Bill.<br>\r\n<b>Rules 122\u2013124<\/b> \u2014 Council's disposal of House amendments to a Council Bill.<br>\r\n<b>Rules 139\u2013141<\/b> \u2014 Council amendments after a Bill has been passed again on the President's message.<br>\r\n<b>Rules 149\u2013151<\/b> \u2014 the same for a Council Bill returned by the President.<br><br>\r\nLearn the pattern once and the five sets of rules follow; what differs between them is only the LIMITING WORDS on further amendments \u2014 \"consequential upon, or an alternative to\" in Part I, \"consequential upon, incidental or alternative to\" in Part IV.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 204, part: 3, partId: 59,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rules 100 and 124\",\r\n    question: \"Where a motion that the amendments made by the Council be taken into consideration is carried, the Speaker shall put the amendments to the House\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in the order in which they were made by the Council\",\r\n      \"in such manner as the Speaker thinks most convenient for their consideration\",\r\n      \"in the order in which notices of objection to them have been received\",\r\n      \"clause by clause, in the order of the clauses of the Bill\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) in such manner as the Speaker thinks most convenient for their consideration.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 100(1):<\/b> <i>\"If a motion that the amendments be taken into consideration is carried, the Speaker shall put the amendments to the House IN SUCH MANNER AS THE SPEAKER THINKS MOST CONVENIENT FOR THEIR CONSIDERATION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe same words are used in <b>Rule 106<\/b> (Money Bill recommendations), <b>Rule 124(1)<\/b>, <b>Rule 133<\/b> (amendments recommended by the President), <b>Rule 141(1)<\/b>, <b>Rule 146(1)<\/b> and <b>Rule 151(1)<\/b> \u2014 seven rules, one formula. The Speaker is given a free hand because the amendments may be interlocking and the most convenient order is a matter of judgment, not of rule.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the position at the CONSIDERATION stage of the House's own Bill<\/b>, where the order IS prescribed: <b>Rule 85(1)<\/b> \u2014 amendments are considered <i>\"in the order of the clauses of the Bill to which they respectively relate\"<\/i>; <b>Rule 90<\/b> \u2014 schedules follow clauses; <b>Rule 92<\/b> \u2014 clause one, the Enacting Formula, the Preamble and the Title stand postponed to the end. Option (d) borrows that earlier scheme.<br><br>\r\n<b>The reason for the difference:<\/b> at the consideration stage the House is working through its own Bill in sequence; at the returned-Bill stage it is dealing with a discrete set of changes made elsewhere, and sequence has no independent value.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 205, part: 3, partId: 60,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 103\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 103 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where a Money Bill passed by the House and transmitted to the Council is returned to the House without recommendation, the Bill shall thereafter\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"be laid on the Table and taken into consideration afresh\",\r\n      \"be deemed to have been rejected by the Council\",\r\n      \"be transmitted to the Council again for concurrence\",\r\n      \"be presented to the President for assent\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) be presented to the President for assent.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 103:<\/b> <i>\"If a Money Bill passed by the House and transmitted to the Council is RETURNED TO THE HOUSE WITHOUT RECOMMENDATION, the message to that effect shall be reported by the Secretary-General to the House if in session or published in the Bulletin for the information of the members if the House is not in session. THE BILL SHALL THEN BE PRESENTED TO THE PRESIDENT FOR HER\/HIS ASSENT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNothing further is required of the House. The Council having made no recommendation, the Bill as the House passed it is complete, and the next step is assent under Article 111.<br><br>\r\n<b>The rule reflects Article 109.<\/b> A Money Bill goes to the Council <b>FOR ITS RECOMMENDATIONS<\/b> only; it is returned within <b>FOURTEEN DAYS<\/b>; and under <b>Article 109(5)<\/b>, if it is not returned within that period it is deemed to have been passed by both Houses in the form in which the House of the People passed it.<br><br>\r\n<b>The three possible outcomes for a Money Bill, and the rule governing each:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 Returned <b>WITHOUT recommendation<\/b> \u2192 presented to the President \u2014 <b>Rule 103<\/b>.<br>\r\n\u2022 Returned <b>WITH recommendations<\/b> \u2192 laid on the Table, and Rules 105 to 108 follow.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>NOT RETURNED<\/b> within fourteen days \u2192 deemed passed by both Houses \u2014 Article 109(5).<br><br>\r\nNote that Rule 103 also carries the same \"reported by the Secretary-General if in session, else published in the Bulletin\" formula as Rule 97.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 206, part: 3, partId: 61,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 104\",\r\n    question: \"Where a Money Bill passed by the House and transmitted to the Council is returned to the House with amendments recommended by the Council, it shall on receipt\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"be laid on the Table\",\r\n      \"be presented to the President for assent\",\r\n      \"be deemed to have been passed by both Houses\",\r\n      \"be referred to a Joint Committee of the Houses\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) be laid on the Table.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 104:<\/b> <i>\"If a Money Bill passed by the House and transmitted to the Council is returned to the House with AMENDMENTS RECOMMENDED BY THE COUNCIL, it shall on receipt be LAID ON THE TABLE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the language throughout this group \u2014 the Council RECOMMENDS; it does not amend.<\/b> Rule 104 speaks of <i>\"amendments RECOMMENDED by the Council\"<\/i>, Rule 105 of a motion that <i>\"the amendments RECOMMENDED by the Council be taken into consideration\"<\/i>, and Rule 108 of <i>\"the RECOMMENDATIONS of the Council\"<\/i>. Contrast Rule 98, where a Bill other than a Money Bill is <i>\"returned to the House WITH AMENDMENTS\"<\/i> \u2014 made, not recommended.<br><br>\r\nThat difference of a single word carries the whole of <b>Article 109(2)<\/b>: the Council of States may not amend a Money Bill; it may only <i>\"return the Bill to the House of the People with its RECOMMENDATIONS within a period of fourteen days.\"<\/i> The House then accepts or rejects them, under Article 109(3) and (4).<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) is barred by the first proviso to Rule 74<\/b> \u2014 no motion for reference to a Joint Committee lies for a Bill containing only Article 110(1)(a)\u2013(g) matters.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (c) states what happens under Rule 107<\/b> AFTER the House has accepted the recommendations, not on mere receipt.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 207, part: 3, partId: 62,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 107\",\r\n    question: \"If the House accepts any amendment or amendments as recommended by the Council to a Money Bill,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Bill shall be returned to the Council for its concurrence in the amendments\",\r\n      \"the Bill shall be deemed to have been passed by both the Houses with the amendments recommended by the Council and accepted by the House, and a message to that effect shall be sent to the Council\",\r\n      \"the Houses shall be deemed to have finally disagreed\",\r\n      \"the Bill shall be laid on the Table again and put to the vote\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 107:<\/b> <i>\"If the House ACCEPTS any amendment or amendments as recommended by the Council, the Bill shall be DEEMED TO HAVE BEEN PASSED BY BOTH THE HOUSES WITH THE AMENDMENT OR AMENDMENTS RECOMMENDED BY THE COUNCIL AND ACCEPTED BY THE HOUSE and a MESSAGE TO THAT EFFECT SHALL BE SENT TO THE COUNCIL.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The Bill does NOT go back to the Council for concurrence.<\/b> That is the whole point of the Money Bill procedure: the Council has had its say by recommending, and once the House has ruled on those recommendations the matter is closed. Option (a) imports the ordinary-Bill procedure of Rule 101, which has no application here.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 108<\/b> covers the opposite case in the same style: <i>\"If the House DOES NOT ACCEPT ANY of the recommendations of the Council, the Bill shall be DEEMED TO HAVE BEEN PASSED BY BOTH THE HOUSES IN THE FORM IN WHICH IT WAS PASSED BY THE HOUSE WITHOUT ANY OF THE AMENDMENTS RECOMMENDED BY THE COUNCIL and a message to that effect shall be sent to the Council.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Either way the Bill is DEEMED PASSED BY BOTH HOUSES<\/b> \u2014 accepted or rejected, the Council's recommendations cannot stop it. Rules 107 and 108 give effect to <b>Article 109(3) and (4)<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nThere is no \"final disagreement\" and no joint sitting for a Money Bill; Article 108 excludes it.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 208, part: 3, partId: 63,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rules 101 and 107\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. Where the House agrees to an amendment made by the Council to a Bill other than a Money Bill, the Bill is returned to the Council for its concurrence.<br>2. Where the House accepts an amendment recommended by the Council to a Money Bill, the Bill is deemed to have been passed by both Houses.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT. Rule 101:<\/b> <i>\"The House, IF IT AGREES to the amendment made by the Council, shall SEND A MESSAGE TO THE COUNCIL to that effect.\"<\/i> A message \u2014 not a return of the Bill for concurrence. The Bill is returned to the Council only where the House <b>DISAGREES<\/b>, or proposes a further or an alternative amendment.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 107:<\/b> where the House accepts a recommendation of the Council on a Money Bill, <i>\"the Bill shall be DEEMED TO HAVE BEEN PASSED BY BOTH THE HOUSES with the amendment or amendments recommended by the Council and accepted by the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The contrast between the two procedures is the substance of this group of rules:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>ORDINARY BILL<\/b> \u2014 the Council <b>AMENDS<\/b>; agreement is communicated by message; disagreement sends the Bill back; if the Council then <b>INSISTS<\/b>, the Houses are deemed to have <b>FINALLY DISAGREED<\/b> (Rule 102), opening the way to a joint sitting under Article 108.<br>\r\n<b>MONEY BILL<\/b> \u2014 the Council only <b>RECOMMENDS<\/b>; whether the House accepts (Rule 107) or rejects (Rule 108) those recommendations, the Bill is <b>DEEMED PASSED BY BOTH HOUSES<\/b>. There is no return, no insistence, no final disagreement and no joint sitting.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 209, part: 3, partId: 64,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 105\",\r\n    question: \"After a Money Bill with amendments as recommended by the Council has been laid on the Table, a motion that the amendments recommended by the Council be taken into consideration may be moved by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker\",\r\n      \"any Minister in the case of a Government Bill, or in any other case any member\",\r\n      \"the member in charge of the Bill only\",\r\n      \"the Minister of Finance only\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) any Minister in the case of a Government Bill, or in any other case any member.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 105:<\/b> <i>\"After the Bill with amendments as recommended by the Council has been laid on the Table, ANY MINISTER IN THE CASE OF A GOVERNMENT BILL, OR IN ANY OTHER CASE ANY MEMBER may, after giving TWO DAYS' NOTICE, or WITH THE CONSENT OF THE SPEAKER WITHOUT NOTICE, move that the amendments recommended by the Council be taken into consideration.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The formula \"any Minister in the case of a Government Bill, or in any other case any member\" recurs at every returned-Bill stage<\/b> \u2014 Rules 99, 105, 115, 123, 130, 140, 145 and 150. It is wider than the restriction in <b>Rule 76<\/b>, which confines consideration and passing motions on the House's own Bill to the <b>MEMBER IN CHARGE<\/b>. Option (c) imports that earlier restriction, which does not apply here.<br><br>\r\nNote that <b>\"Finance Minister\" is defined in Rule 2(1) as INCLUDING ANY MINISTER<\/b>, so even on a Money Bill option (d) would be too narrow \u2014 any Minister may move it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 106<\/b> then gives the Speaker the handling: if the motion is carried, he <i>\"shall put the amendments as recommended by the Council to the House IN SUCH MANNER AS THE SPEAKER THINKS MOST CONVENIENT for their consideration.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 210, part: 3, partId: 65,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rules 103\u2013108\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to a Money Bill returned by the Council?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"If it is returned without recommendation, the Bill shall be presented to the President for assent\",\r\n      \"If it is returned with amendments recommended by the Council, it shall on receipt be laid on the Table\",\r\n      \"If the House does not accept any of the recommendations of the Council, the Bill shall be returned to the Council with a message that the House insists on its own form of the Bill\",\r\n      \"If the House accepts any of the recommendations of the Council, the Bill shall be deemed to have been passed by both the Houses\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 108:<\/b> <i>\"If the House does not accept any of the recommendations of the Council, the Bill shall be DEEMED TO HAVE BEEN PASSED BY BOTH THE HOUSES IN THE FORM IN WHICH IT WAS PASSED BY THE HOUSE WITHOUT ANY OF THE AMENDMENTS RECOMMENDED BY THE COUNCIL and A MESSAGE TO THAT EFFECT SHALL BE SENT TO THE COUNCIL.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe Bill is <b>NOT RETURNED<\/b> to the Council, and there is no question of insisting. A message is sent, and the Bill goes to the President. Option (c) imports the ordinary-Bill machinery of Rules 101 and 102, which has no place in the Money Bill procedure.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b> <b>Rule 103<\/b> (A \u2713); <b>Rule 104<\/b> (B \u2713); <b>Rule 107<\/b> (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 108 restates Article 109(4):<\/b> <i>\"If the House of the People does not accept any of the recommendations of the Council of States, the Money Bill shall be deemed to have been passed by both Houses in the form in which it was passed by the House of the People without any of the amendments recommended by the Council of States.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The one-line summary of the Money Bill scheme:<\/b> whatever the Council does \u2014 recommends and is accepted (107), recommends and is rejected (108), returns without recommendation (103), or fails to return within fourteen days (Article 109(5)) \u2014 <b>the Bill is passed<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 211, part: 3, partId: 66,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rules 97 and 103\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following pairs:<br>1. A Bill other than a Money Bill passed by the Council without amendment \u2014 message reported by the Secretary-General if the House is in session, or published in the Bulletin if it is not<br>2. A Money Bill returned by the Council without recommendation \u2014 message reported by the Secretary-General if the House is in session, or published in the Bulletin if it is not<br>3. A Bill other than a Money Bill returned by the Council with amendments \u2014 laid on the Table on receipt<br>Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 97<\/b> \u2014 a Bill other than a Money Bill passed by the Council <b>without amendment<\/b>: the message is <i>\"reported by the Secretary-General to the House if in session or published in the Bulletin for the information of the members if the House is not in session.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<b>Rule 103<\/b> \u2014 a Money Bill returned <b>without recommendation<\/b>: the same formula, and <i>\"The Bill shall then be presented to the President for her\/his assent.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<b>Rule 98<\/b> \u2014 a Bill other than a Money Bill returned <b>with amendments<\/b>: <i>\"it shall on receipt be laid on the Table.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>The principle behind the split is simple, and worth stating:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 Where <b>NOTHING REMAINS FOR THE HOUSE TO DO<\/b> \u2014 the Council has agreed, or has made no recommendation \u2014 a <b>MESSAGE<\/b> suffices, reported or published (Rules 97, 103, 138).<br>\r\n\u2022 Where <b>THE HOUSE MUST NOW ACT<\/b> on what the Council has done, the Bill is <b>LAID ON THE TABLE<\/b> so that members can read it before the motion for consideration (Rules 98, 104, 122, 139, 149).<br><br>\r\nEverything laid on the Table is then followed by the standard three-step sequence: laid \u2192 motion on two days' notice \u2192 the Speaker puts the amendments in the manner he thinks most convenient.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 212, part: 3, partId: 67,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 109\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 109 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, at any stage of a Bill which is under discussion in the House, a motion that the debate on the Bill be adjourned may be moved\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"as of right by any member\",\r\n      \"only with the concurrence of the Council\",\r\n      \"only by the member in charge of the Bill\",\r\n      \"with the consent of the Speaker\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) with the consent of the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 109:<\/b> <i>\"AT ANY STAGE of a Bill which is under discussion in the House, a motion that the DEBATE ON THE BILL BE ADJOURNED may be moved WITH THE CONSENT OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the width of \"at any stage\" \u2014 the motion lies at the consideration stage, during clause-by-clause consideration, or on the motion for passing. And note that the rule does not confine it to the member in charge, unlike Rule 76.<br><br>\r\n<b>Do not confuse this with an ADJOURNMENT MOTION under Chapter IX.<\/b> They are entirely different devices:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 109<\/b> \u2014 adjourning the <b>DEBATE ON A BILL<\/b>; a procedural step, taken with the Speaker's consent; the Bill remains alive and the debate resumes later.<br>\r\n<b>Rules 56 to 63<\/b> \u2014 a motion for the <b>ADJOURNMENT OF THE BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE<\/b> to discuss a definite matter of urgent public importance; it needs the Speaker's consent AND, if objection is taken, fifty members rising; it amounts to censure of the Government.<br><br>\r\n<b>What follows an adjourned debate on a PRIVATE member's Bill is governed by Chapter VI \u2014 Rule 30:<\/b> where the debate is adjourned to the next day allotted for private members' business, the Bill is not set down for further discussion unless it has gained priority at the ballot; where it is adjourned sine die, the member may give notice for resumption and precedence is again determined by ballot.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 213, part: 3, partId: 68,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 110\",\r\n    question: \"The member in charge of a Bill may move for leave to withdraw the Bill on the ground that<br>1. the legislative proposal contained in the Bill is to be dropped;<br>2. the Bill is to be replaced subsequently by a new Bill which substantially alters the provisions contained therein;<br>3. the Bill is to be replaced subsequently by another Bill which includes all or any of its provisions in addition to other provisions.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 110:<\/b> <i>\"The MEMBER IN CHARGE of a Bill may AT ANY STAGE of the Bill move FOR LEAVE TO WITHDRAW the Bill on the ground that\u2014 (a) the LEGISLATIVE PROPOSAL contained in the Bill IS TO BE DROPPED; or (b) the Bill IS TO BE REPLACED SUBSEQUENTLY BY A NEW BILL WHICH SUBSTANTIALLY ALTERS the provisions contained therein; or (c) the Bill is to be replaced subsequently by ANOTHER BILL WHICH INCLUDES ALL OR ANY OF ITS PROVISIONS IN ADDITION TO OTHER PROVISIONS; AND IF SUCH LEAVE IS GRANTED NO FURTHER MOTION SHALL BE MADE WITH REFERENCE TO THE BILL.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe three grounds are exhaustive: abandonment, replacement by a substantially altered Bill, or replacement by a wider Bill.<br><br>\r\n<b>The two provisos deal with complications:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>First proviso<\/b> \u2014 where the Bill is before a Select or Joint Committee, notice of the withdrawal motion <b>AUTOMATICALLY STANDS REFERRED TO THE COMMITTEE<\/b>, and only after the Committee has expressed its opinion in a report is the motion set down in the list of business.<br>\r\n<b>Second proviso<\/b> \u2014 where the Bill <b>ORIGINATED IN THE COUNCIL<\/b> and is pending before the House, the member in charge must first move a motion recommending to the Council that it agree to leave being granted; only after the House adopts it and the Council concurs may he move for leave to withdraw.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 111:<\/b> if the motion for leave to withdraw is opposed, the Speaker may permit brief explanatory statements from the opposer and the mover, and then put the question without further debate.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 214, part: 3, partId: 69,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"First proviso to Rule 110\",\r\n    question: \"Where a Bill is under consideration by a Select Committee of the House or a Joint Committee of the Houses, notice of a motion for the withdrawal of the Bill shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"be set down in the list of business forthwith\",\r\n      \"require the previous permission of the Chairperson of the Committee\",\r\n      \"lapse, the Bill being in the custody of the Committee\",\r\n      \"automatically stand referred to the Committee, and after the Committee has expressed its opinion in a report to the House the motion shall be set down in the list of business\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>First proviso to Rule 110:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that where a Bill is under consideration by a Select Committee of the House or a Joint Committee of the Houses, as the case may be, NOTICE OF ANY MOTION FOR THE WITHDRAWAL OF THE BILL SHALL AUTOMATICALLY STAND REFERRED TO THE COMMITTEE and AFTER THE COMMITTEE HAS EXPRESSED ITS OPINION IN A REPORT TO THE HOUSE, THE MOTION SHALL BE SET DOWN IN THE LIST OF BUSINESS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe reference is <b>AUTOMATIC<\/b> \u2014 no order is needed \u2014 and the motion cannot be listed until the Committee has reported its opinion. The Committee has been given work by the House and is entitled to be heard before that work is abandoned.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the identical technique in Rule 243<\/b> (Chapter XXIII): <i>\"All applications under rule 242 SHALL STAND REFERRED to the Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The SECOND proviso to Rule 110 deals with the other complication<\/b> \u2014 a Bill which <b>ORIGINATED IN THE COUNCIL<\/b>: the member in charge must first move a motion in the House <i>\"recommending to the Council that the Council do agree to leave being granted by the House to withdraw the Bill\"<\/i>, and only <b>after the motion is adopted by the House and concurred in by the Council<\/b> may he move for leave to withdraw. The Council's Bill cannot be withdrawn behind its back.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 112(2):<\/b> a Bill withdrawn under Rule 110 is removed from the Register of Bills pending in the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 215, part: 3, partId: 70,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Second proviso to Rule 110\",\r\n    question: \"Where a Bill has originated in the Council and is pending before the House, and the member in charge wishes to withdraw it, he shall first\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"move for leave to withdraw the Bill in the House\",\r\n      \"give notice to the Secretary-General of the Council\",\r\n      \"obtain the permission of the Speaker and the Chairman of the Council\",\r\n      \"move a motion in the House recommending to the Council that the Council do agree to leave being granted by the House to withdraw the Bill, and move for leave to withdraw only after that motion is adopted by the House and concurred in by the Council\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 110:<\/b> <i>\"Provided further that where a Bill has ORIGINATED IN THE COUNCIL and is pending before the House, the member in charge shall MOVE A MOTION IN THE HOUSE RECOMMENDING TO THE COUNCIL THAT THE COUNCIL DO AGREE TO LEAVE BEING GRANTED BY THE HOUSE TO WITHDRAW THE BILL and AFTER THE MOTION IS ADOPTED BY THE HOUSE AND CONCURRED IN BY THE COUNCIL, the member in charge shall move for leave to withdraw the Bill.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The sequence is therefore three steps:<\/b> a motion in the House <b>RECOMMENDING<\/b> withdrawal to the Council \u2192 the Council's <b>CONCURRENCE<\/b> \u2192 the motion <b>FOR LEAVE TO WITHDRAW<\/b> in the House.<br><br>\r\nThe reason is one of comity. The Bill is the <b>COUNCIL's<\/b>; it has passed it and transmitted it. The House cannot destroy the Council's legislative work unilaterally, any more than it can send a Bill to a Joint Committee without the Council's concurrence (Rule 74(iii)).<br><br>\r\n<b>The same requirement of the Council's concurrence appears wherever the Council's own position is affected:<\/b> reference to a Joint Committee (Rules 74(iii), 75(2), 77(1)(b)); re-committal to a Joint Committee (Rule 77(1)(b)); and here, the withdrawal of a Council Bill.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 216, part: 3, partId: 71,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 111\",\r\n    question: \"If a motion for leave to withdraw a Bill is opposed, the Speaker, if he thinks fit, may\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"permit a full discussion on the motion\",\r\n      \"permit the member who opposes the motion and the member who moved the motion to make brief explanatory statements, and thereafter, without further debate, put the question\",\r\n      \"refer the motion to the Select Committee\",\r\n      \"disallow the motion\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 111:<\/b> <i>\"If a motion for leave to withdraw a Bill is opposed, the Speaker, IF THINKS FIT, may permit the member who OPPOSES THE MOTION AND THE MEMBER WHO MOVED the motion to make BRIEF EXPLANATORY STATEMENTS and may thereafter, WITHOUT FURTHER DEBATE, PUT THE QUESTION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Compare Rule 72(1)<\/b>, which is drafted in almost identical terms for the opposed <b>INTRODUCTION<\/b> of a Bill: brief statements from each side, then the question put without further debate.<br><br>\r\n<b>But note the difference between them, and it is the point worth carrying:<\/b> Rule 72(1) has a <b>PROVISO<\/b> allowing a <b>FULL DISCUSSION<\/b> where the opposition is on the ground that the Bill initiates legislation <b>OUTSIDE THE LEGISLATIVE COMPETENCE<\/b> of the House. <b>Rule 111 has no such proviso<\/b> \u2014 there is no ground on which a full discussion may be had on a withdrawal motion. Option (a) therefore imports something that exists only at the introduction stage.<br><br>\r\n<b>The pattern for both:<\/b> an opposed procedural motion gets one short statement from each side and is then decided. The House's time is reserved for the substance of the Bill, not for arguments about whether to begin or to stop.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 110<\/b> supplies the consequence: <i>\"if such leave is granted NO FURTHER MOTION SHALL BE MADE WITH REFERENCE TO THE BILL.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 217, part: 3, partId: 72,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 112(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Which of the following motions, if rejected by the House, results in the Bill being removed from the Register of Bills pending in the House?<br>1. That leave be granted to introduce the Bill<br>2. That the Bill be referred to a Select Committee<br>3. That the Bill be taken into consideration<br>4. That the Bill (or the Bill as amended) be passed<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 112(1):<\/b> where any of the following motions made by the member in charge is <b>REJECTED<\/b> by the House, <i>\"NO FURTHER MOTION SHALL BE MADE with reference to the Bill and such Bill shall be REMOVED FROM THE REGISTER OF BILLS PENDING IN THE HOUSE\"<\/i>:<br>\r\n<b>(i)<\/b> that leave be granted to introduce the Bill;<br>\r\n<b>(ii)<\/b> that the Bill be referred to a Select Committee;<br>\r\n<b>(iii)<\/b> that the Bill be referred to a Joint Committee of the Houses with the concurrence of the Council;<br>\r\n<b>(iv)<\/b> that the Bill be taken into consideration;<br>\r\n<b>(v)<\/b> that the Bill as reported by the Select Committee of the House or the Joint Committee of the Houses be taken into consideration; and<br>\r\n<b>(vi)<\/b> that the Bill (or, that the Bill as amended) be passed.<br><br>\r\n<b>Six motions in all \u2014 every substantive step in a Bill's life.<\/b> Rejection at any one of them is fatal: the Bill is not merely stalled, it is off the Register.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 112(2)<\/b> adds two further grounds of removal: where a Bill <b>SUBSTANTIALLY IDENTICAL<\/b> is passed by the House, or where the Bill is <b>WITHDRAWN UNDER RULE 110<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare Rule 127<\/b>, which uses only <b>FOUR<\/b> of these motions and produces a different consequence \u2014 for a Bill originating in the Council, rejection of any of them means the Bill is <b>DEEMED TO HAVE BEEN REJECTED BY THE HOUSE<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 218, part: 3, partId: 73,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Explanation to Rule 112\",\r\n    question: \"For the purposes of the Register of Bills pending in the House, a \\\"Bill pending before the House\\\" includes<br>1. a Bill transmitted to the Council and returned by the Council with amendment or recommendation and laid on the Table;<br>2. a Bill originating in the Council and transmitted to the House and laid on the Table;<br>3. a Bill returned by the President with a message under article 111 of the Constitution.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Explanation to Rule 112:<\/b> <i>\"A Bill pending before the House shall include\u2014 (i) a Bill INTRODUCED IN THE HOUSE which does not fall within the categories of Bills mentioned in this rule or rule 113; (ii) a Bill TRANSMITTED TO THE COUNCIL AND RETURNED BY THE COUNCIL WITH AMENDMENT, OR RECOMMENDATION, as the case may be, and laid on the Table under rule 98 or 104; (iii) a Bill ORIGINATING IN THE COUNCIL AND TRANSMITTED TO THE HOUSE and laid on the Table under rule 114 or 122; and (iv) a Bill RETURNED BY THE PRESIDENT WITH A MESSAGE UNDER ARTICLE 111 of the Constitution.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nAll four categories are in the Explanation, and the definition is deliberately wide: a Bill remains \"pending before the House\" at every point of its journey \u2014 after introduction, after returning from the Council, after arriving from the Council, and even after coming back from the President.<br><br>\r\n<b>Clause (iv) is the striking one.<\/b> A Bill returned by the President under the proviso to Article 111 has already been passed by both Houses \u2014 yet it is still \"pending before the House\" for the purposes of the Register, because the House must reconsider it under Rules 129 to 137.<br><br>\r\nThe Explanation matters because it fixes the reach of Rule 112(2) \u2014 removal on a substantially identical Bill being passed, or on withdrawal \u2014 and of <b>Rule 113<\/b>, which removes a private member's Bill where the member in charge ceases to be a member or is appointed a Minister.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 219, part: 3, partId: 74,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 112(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 112(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a Bill pending before the House shall also be removed from the Register of Bills pending in the House in case\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Bill is not taken up for consideration within one year of its introduction\",\r\n      \"a Bill substantially identical is passed by the House, or leave is granted to withdraw the Bill\",\r\n      \"the House is prorogued before the Bill is taken into consideration\",\r\n      \"the Select Committee to which the Bill was referred fails to report within three months\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 112(2):<\/b> <i>\"A Bill pending before the House shall ALSO BE REMOVED from the Register of Bills pending in the House IN CASE A BILL SUBSTANTIALLY IDENTICAL IS PASSED BY THE HOUSE OR THE BILL IS WITHDRAWN UNDER RULE 110.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo grounds, additional to the six rejected motions in Rule 112(1). The first avoids duplication \u2014 once the House has enacted substantially the same thing, the pending Bill has nothing left to do. The second gives effect to a withdrawal granted under Rule 110.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (c) states the opposite of the law.<\/b> Prorogation does <b>NOT<\/b> kill pending business: <b>Rule 336<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"A motion, resolution or an amendment, which has been moved and is pending in the House, shall not lapse by reason only of the prorogation of the House\"<\/i>; <b>Rule 284<\/b> \u2014 Committee business does not lapse on prorogation. What DOES extinguish a Bill is <b>DISSOLUTION<\/b>, under <b>Article 107(5)<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare Rule 67<\/b>, which deals with the same problem of duplication at an earlier stage and uses a stricter word: notice of an <b>IDENTICAL<\/b> Bill is removed from, or not entered in, the list of pending notices. Rule 112(2) says <b>SUBSTANTIALLY IDENTICAL<\/b> \u2014 a looser test, because by then the House has actually passed something.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 113<\/b> adds the two private-member grounds: the member in charge ceases to be a member, or is appointed a Minister.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 220, part: 3, partId: 75,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rules 114 and 116\",\r\n    question: \"Where a Bill originating in the Council has been passed by the Council and transmitted to the House, the motion that the Bill be taken into consideration shall be set down in the list of business\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"on the day following the receipt of the notice\",\r\n      \"on such day as the Business Advisory Committee may recommend\",\r\n      \"not less than seven days from the receipt of the notice\",\r\n      \"not less than two days from the receipt of the notice, unless the Speaker otherwise directs\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) not less than two days from the receipt of the notice, unless the Speaker otherwise directs.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 114:<\/b> <i>\"When a Bill originating in the Council has been passed by the Council and is transmitted to the House the Bill shall, AS SOON AS MAY BE, BE LAID ON THE TABLE.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 115:<\/b> at any time after the Bill has been so laid, any Minister in the case of a Government Bill, or any member otherwise, may give <b>NOTICE OF INTENTION<\/b> to move that the Bill be taken into consideration.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 116:<\/b> <i>\"On the day on which the motion for consideration is set down in the list of business WHICH SHALL, UNLESS THE SPEAKER OTHERWISE DIRECTS, BE NOT LESS THAN TWO DAYS FROM THE RECEIPT OF THE NOTICE, the member giving notice may move that the Bill be taken into consideration.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the different technique from Rule 99.<\/b> There the member gives <b>TWO DAYS' NOTICE<\/b> of the motion; here he gives <b>NOTICE OF INTENTION<\/b> and the motion is then <b>SET DOWN<\/b> not less than two days from the receipt of that notice. The interval is the same; the mechanism differs.<br><br>\r\n<b>The identical \"set down \u2026 not less than two days from the receipt of the notice\" formula appears in Rule 131<\/b>, for the motion on amendments recommended by the President \u2014 and in both places it yields to \"unless the Speaker otherwise directs\".<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 117<\/b> then fixes the scope: the principle of the Bill and its general provisions may be discussed, but the details not further than is necessary to explain its principle \u2014 the same rule as Rule 75(1) for a House Bill.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 221, part: 3, partId: 76,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 118\",\r\n    question: \"In the case of a Bill originating in the Council and transmitted to the House, any member may move as an amendment that the Bill be referred to a Select Committee\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in every case\",\r\n      \"if the Bill has not already been referred to a Joint Committee of both the Houses\",\r\n      \"only with the concurrence of the Council\",\r\n      \"only if the member in charge does not object\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) if the Bill has not already been referred to a Joint Committee of both the Houses.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 118:<\/b> <i>\"Any member may, IF THE BILL HAS NOT ALREADY BEEN REFERRED TO A JOINT COMMITTEE OF BOTH THE HOUSES, move as an amendment that the Bill be referred to a SELECT COMMITTEE, and, if such motion is carried, the Bill shall be referred to a Select Committee, and the RULES REGARDING SELECT COMMITTEES ON BILLS ORIGINATING IN THE HOUSE SHALL THEN APPLY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The condition makes sense on its own terms:<\/b> a Joint Committee already contains members of both Houses and has considered the Bill for both. Sending it afterwards to a Select Committee of one House alone would be a step backwards.<br><br>\r\nNote the closing words \u2014 once referred, <b>the rules governing Select Committees on House Bills apply<\/b>. So Rules 77 and 78 (motions after the report, scope of debate) and, in Chapter XXVI, Rules 298 to 305 (appointment of members, procedure, minutes of dissent, presentation and publication of the report) all come into play.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 119:<\/b> if the motion that the Bill be taken into consideration is carried, <i>\"the Bill shall be taken into consideration CLAUSE BY CLAUSE and the provisions of the rules of the House regarding CONSIDERATION OF AMENDMENTS TO BILLS AND THE SUBSEQUENT PROCEDURE IN REGARD TO THE PASSING OF BILLS SHALL APPLY.\"<\/i> \u2014 that is, Rules 79 to 95 are carried across wholesale.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 222, part: 3, partId: 77,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rules 120 and 121\",\r\n    question: \"Where a Bill originating in the Council is passed by the House with amendments,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a message shall be sent to the Council intimating that the House has agreed to the Bill\",\r\n      \"the Bill shall be returned to the Council with a message asking the concurrence of the Council in the amendments\",\r\n      \"the Bill shall be presented to the President for assent\",\r\n      \"the Houses shall be deemed to have finally disagreed\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 121(1):<\/b> <i>\"If the Bill is PASSED WITH AMENDMENTS, the Bill shall be RETURNED WITH A MESSAGE ASKING THE CONCURRENCE OF THE COUNCIL IN THE AMENDMENTS.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 121(2):<\/b> the Secretary-General shall certify, on top of the first page of the Bill so returned: <i>\"'This Bill has been passed as amended by the House of the People on the \u2026\u2026\u2026'.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast Rule 120<\/b>, which covers the other outcome: <i>\"If the Bill is PASSED WITHOUT AMENDMENT, a MESSAGE SHALL BE SENT to the Council intimating that the House has agreed to the Bill without any amendment.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>So the two outcomes and their two consequences:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 Passed <b>WITHOUT<\/b> amendment \u2192 a <b>MESSAGE<\/b> to the Council; both Houses have now passed the same text, and the Bill goes for assent.<br>\r\n\u2022 Passed <b>WITH<\/b> amendments \u2192 the <b>BILL IS RETURNED<\/b> to the Council asking its concurrence, with the Secretary-General's certificate.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 122<\/b> then covers the Council's response: if the Council disagrees with the House's amendments, or agrees with further amendments, or proposes further amendments in place of them, <i>\"the Bill as further amended shall on receipt by the House be LAID ON THE TABLE\"<\/i> \u2014 and the familiar three-step sequence of Rules 123 and 124 follows.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 223, part: 3, partId: 78,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 125\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 125 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where a Bill originating in the Council has been further amended by the Council and laid on the Table of the House, the House may\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"either agree to the Bill as originally passed by the Council or as further amended by the Council, or return the Bill with a message that it insists on an amendment or amendments to which the Council has disagreed\",\r\n      \"only agree to the Bill as further amended by the Council\",\r\n      \"only return the Bill to the Council with a message of final disagreement\",\r\n      \"present the Bill to the President for assent in the form in which the House passed it\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 125:<\/b> <i>\"The House may EITHER AGREE TO THE BILL AS ORIGINALLY PASSED BY THE COUNCIL OR AS FURTHER AMENDED BY THE COUNCIL, as the case may be, OR MAY RETURN THE BILL WITH A MESSAGE THAT IT INSISTS ON AN AMENDMENT OR AMENDMENTS TO WHICH THE COUNCIL HAS DISAGREED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThree courses are open, and the third is the one that matters: the House may <b>INSIST<\/b>. Insistence is what converts a disagreement into a final one.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 126:<\/b> <i>\"If a Bill is returned with a message intimating that the HOUSE INSISTS on amendments TO WHICH THE COUNCIL IS UNABLE TO AGREE, the Houses shall be deemed to have FINALLY DISAGREED as to the amendments.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the symmetry with Part I, and the reversal of roles:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 101\/102<\/b> (House Bill) \u2014 the House disagrees and returns; the <b>COUNCIL INSISTS<\/b> \u2192 final disagreement.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 125\/126<\/b> (Council Bill) \u2014 the <b>HOUSE INSISTS<\/b>; the Council is unable to agree \u2192 final disagreement.<br>\r\nIn each case the originating House's Bill has been amended by the other, and the deadlock is reached only after an act of insistence.<br><br>\r\n<b>Article 108(1)(a)<\/b> then allows the President to summon a <b>JOINT SITTING<\/b> where the Houses have finally disagreed as to the amendments.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 224, part: 3, partId: 79,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation \u2014 Part II (Bills originating in the Council)\", rule: \"Rule 127\",\r\n    question: \"Where, in respect of a Bill originating in the Council and transmitted to the House, any of the motions specified in the rules is negatived by the House, the Bill\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall be returned to the Council with a message stating the objections of the House\",\r\n      \"shall be deemed to have been rejected by the House\",\r\n      \"shall be removed from the Register of Bills pending in the House\",\r\n      \"shall stand referred to a Joint Committee of the Houses\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) shall be deemed to have been rejected by the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 127:<\/b> where any of the specified motions in respect of a Council Bill is negatived, <i>\"THE BILL SHALL BE DEEMED TO HAVE BEEN REJECTED BY THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The DEEMED REJECTION is what makes this rule constitutionally significant, and it is the point the papers have not yet taken.<\/b> Under <b>Article 108(1)(b)<\/b> a joint sitting may be summoned where a Bill passed by one House and transmitted to the other <b>HAS BEEN REJECTED BY THE OTHER HOUSE<\/b>. So the deeming in Rule 127 is precisely what opens that door.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the parallel rule for a HOUSE Bill \u2014 Rule 112(1)<\/b>, where the rejection of any of the <b>SIX<\/b> motions there specified produces a quite different consequence: the Bill is <b>REMOVED FROM THE REGISTER<\/b> of Bills pending in the House. No deeming, and no Article 108 consequence, because the Bill never left this House.<br><br>\r\n<b>So option (c) states the Rule 112(1) outcome, not the Rule 127 outcome<\/b> \u2014 and the difference between the two is the whole reason the chapter treats House Bills and Council Bills in separate Parts.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note also the count:<\/b> Rule 112(1) lists <b>SIX<\/b> motions; Rule 127 lists <b>FOUR<\/b>. The disparity follows from the stage each Bill has reached \u2014 a Council Bill arrives already passed, so the motions for leave to introduce and for introduction have no application.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 225, part: 3, partId: 80,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rules 112 and 127\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. Where a motion that leave be granted to introduce a Bill is rejected, the Bill is removed from the Register of Bills pending in the House.<br>2. Where a motion that a Bill originating in the Council be taken into consideration is negatived, the Bill is deemed to have been rejected by the House.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 112(1)(i):<\/b> rejection of the motion <i>\"that leave be granted to introduce the Bill\"<\/i> means <i>\"no further motion shall be made with reference to the Bill and such Bill shall be REMOVED FROM THE REGISTER OF BILLS PENDING IN THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 127(i):<\/b> where the motion that the Bill be taken into consideration is negatived in respect of a Bill originating in the Council, <i>\"the Bill shall be DEEMED TO HAVE BEEN REJECTED BY THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two consequences are different, and the difference is not merely verbal:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>REMOVAL FROM THE REGISTER<\/b> (Rule 112) \u2014 an internal, administrative consequence. The Bill was the House's own and simply ceases to be pending.<br>\r\n<b>DEEMED REJECTION<\/b> (Rule 127) \u2014 a consequence with constitutional effect. Rejection of a Bill by the second House is one of the three triggers in <b>Article 108(1)<\/b> for the President to summon a <b>JOINT SITTING<\/b>, the others being final disagreement as to amendments and the lapse of more than six months.<br><br>\r\nSo the same act \u2014 negativing a consideration motion \u2014 has an administrative effect on the House's own Bill and a constitutional effect on the Council's.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 226, part: 3, partId: 81,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 119\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 119 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, if the motion that a Bill originating in the Council be taken into consideration is carried,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Bill shall be taken into consideration clause by clause, and the rules regarding consideration of amendments to Bills and the subsequent procedure in regard to the passing of Bills shall apply\",\r\n      \"the Bill shall be deemed to have been passed by the House\",\r\n      \"the Bill shall be referred to a Select Committee\",\r\n      \"the Bill shall be published in the Gazette before further proceedings\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 119:<\/b> <i>\"If the motion that the Bill be taken into consideration is carried, the Bill shall be taken into consideration CLAUSE BY CLAUSE and the provisions of the rules of the House regarding CONSIDERATION OF AMENDMENTS TO BILLS AND THE SUBSEQUENT PROCEDURE IN REGARD TO THE PASSING OF BILLS SHALL APPLY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule is an <b>APPLICATION PROVISION<\/b>: rather than repeat Rules 79 to 95, Part II simply carries them across. So for a Council Bill under consideration in the House, all of the following apply \u2014 notice of amendments one day before (Rule 79(1)); the seven conditions of admissibility (Rule 80); the President's recommendation for certain amendments (Rule 81); the Speaker's power of selection (Rule 83); the order and arrangement of amendments (Rules 84, 85); clause-by-clause submission (Rule 88); postponement of a clause (Rule 89); schedules (Rule 90); grouping with the right to a separate vote (Rule 91); postponement of clause one, the Enacting Formula, the Preamble and the Title (Rule 92); the motion for passing (Rule 93); the scope of that debate (Rule 94); and correction of patent errors (Rule 95).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 118<\/b> works the same way for Select Committees: if the Bill is so referred, <i>\"the rules regarding Select Committees on Bills originating in the House shall then apply.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nPart II therefore adds only what is peculiar to a Council Bill \u2014 laying on the Table (114), the notice and two-day interval (115\u2013116), the scope of the general debate (117), the two outcomes on passing (120\u2013121), and the Council's disposal of the House's amendments (122\u2013127).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 227, part: 3, partId: 82,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 122\",\r\n    question: \"Where the Council disagrees with the amendments made by the House to a Bill originating in the Council, or agrees to any of them with further amendments, or proposes further amendments in place of them, the Bill as further amended shall on receipt by the House\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"be laid on the Table\",\r\n      \"be deemed to have been passed by both Houses\",\r\n      \"be presented to the President for assent\",\r\n      \"stand referred to a Joint Committee of the Houses\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) be laid on the Table.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 122:<\/b> <i>\"If the Council DISAGREES with the amendments made by the House or any of them, or AGREES TO ANY OF THE AMENDMENTS made by the House WITH FURTHER AMENDMENTS, or PROPOSES FURTHER AMENDMENTS IN PLACE OF amendments made by the House, the Bill as further amended shall on receipt by the House be LAID ON THE TABLE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Three different reactions by the Council, one consequence<\/b> \u2014 the Bill comes back and is laid on the Table, after which the standard sequence follows: <b>Rule 123<\/b> (motion on two days' notice, or without notice with the Speaker's consent) \u2192 <b>Rule 124(1)<\/b> (the Speaker puts the amendments in the manner he thinks most convenient) \u2192 <b>Rule 124(2)<\/b> (further amendments only if consequential upon, or an alternative to, an amendment made by the Council) \u2192 <b>Rule 125<\/b> (the House agrees, or insists) \u2192 <b>Rule 126<\/b> (final disagreement if the Council is unable to agree).<br><br>\r\nNote that the Explanation to <b>Rule 112<\/b> expressly includes such a Bill within \"a Bill pending before the House\" \u2014 <i>\"a Bill originating in the Council and transmitted to the House and laid on the Table under RULE 114 OR 122.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 122 is the Part II counterpart of Rule 98<\/b>, and the two are worth reading side by side: in Part I the House's Bill comes back amended by the Council; here the Council's Bill comes back with the Council's reaction to the House's amendments.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 228, part: 3, partId: 83,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 128(1)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 128(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, when a Bill is passed by the Houses and is in possession of the House, the Bill shall be\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"signed in duplicate by the Speaker and presented to the President\",\r\n      \"signed by the Secretary-General and forwarded to the Council\",\r\n      \"signed by the member in charge and published in the Gazette\",\r\n      \"signed in duplicate by the Speaker and the Chairman of the Council\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) signed in duplicate by the Speaker and presented to the President.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 128(1):<\/b> <i>\"When a Bill is passed by the Houses and is in possession of the House, the Bill shall be SIGNED IN DUPLICATE BY THE SPEAKER AND PRESENTED TO THE PRESIDENT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso covers the Speaker's absence:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that IN THE ABSENCE OF THE SPEAKER FROM NEW DELHI, the SECRETARY-GENERAL MAY, IN CASE OF URGENCY, AUTHENTICATE THE BILL ON BEHALF OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i> \u2014 note the two conditions: absence <b>FROM NEW DELHI<\/b>, and a <b>CASE OF URGENCY<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 128(2):<\/b> <i>\"ONE COPY of the Bill so assented to by the President shall be PRESERVED FOR VERIFICATION AND RECORD and SHALL NOT BE ALLOWED TO PASS OUT OF THE CUSTODY OF THE HOUSE WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i> That is why the Bill is signed <b>IN DUPLICATE<\/b> \u2014 one copy goes forward, one stays in the custody of the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 154<\/b> makes corresponding provision for a Bill passed AGAIN after the President's message, and prescribes a different form of authentication: <i>\"'The above Bill has been passed again by the Houses of Parliament IN PURSUANCE OF THE PROVISO TO ARTICLE 111 of the Constitution.'\"<\/i> \u2014 with the same proviso for the Secretary-General in the Speaker's absence from New Delhi in case of urgency.<br><br>\r\nPresentation to the President engages <b>Article 111<\/b>: he declares assent, or withholds it, or (if it is not a Money Bill) returns the Bill for reconsideration.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 229, part: 3, partId: 84,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Proviso to Rules 128(1) and 154\",\r\n    question: \"In the absence of the Speaker from New Delhi, a Bill passed by the Houses may be authenticated on behalf of the Speaker by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Deputy Speaker, in every case\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General, in case of urgency\",\r\n      \"a member of the Panel of Chairpersons nominated by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the Secretary-General, in case of urgency.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 128(1):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that IN THE ABSENCE OF THE SPEAKER FROM NEW DELHI, the SECRETARY-GENERAL MAY, IN CASE OF URGENCY, AUTHENTICATE THE BILL ON BEHALF OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i> The same proviso appears at the end of <b>Rule 154<\/b>, for a Bill passed again in pursuance of the proviso to Article 111.<br><br>\r\n<b>Two conditions must both be satisfied:<\/b> the Speaker must be absent <b>FROM NEW DELHI<\/b> \u2014 not merely absent from the House \u2014 and there must be a <b>CASE OF URGENCY<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (a) is the natural but wrong answer.<\/b> The Deputy Speaker's substitution under <b>Rule 10<\/b> operates only <i>\"WHEN SO PRESIDING\"<\/i> over a sitting; authentication is not an act done from the Chair, so Rule 10 does not reach it. The rules therefore had to make express provision \u2014 and they chose the Secretary-General, who is at the Secretariat and can act at once.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the other place where the Secretary-General acts in the Speaker's stead \u2014 Rule 264:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that if the Chairperson of the Committee is not readily available, the Secretary-General may fix the date and time of a sitting.\"<\/i> In both cases the Secretary-General substitutes for a presiding officer in a matter of administration, never of decision.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 230, part: 3, partId: 85,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 128(2)\",\r\n    question: \"One copy of a Bill assented to by the President shall be preserved for verification and record, and shall not be allowed to pass out of the custody of the House\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"without the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"without the permission of the President\",\r\n      \"without the permission of the Secretary-General\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) without the permission of the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 128(2):<\/b> <i>\"ONE COPY OF THE BILL SO ASSENTED TO BY THE PRESIDENT SHALL BE PRESERVED FOR VERIFICATION AND RECORD and shall NOT BE ALLOWED TO PASS OUT OF THE CUSTODY OF THE HOUSE WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis explains why <b>Rule 128(1)<\/b> requires the Bill to be signed <b>IN DUPLICATE<\/b>: one authenticated copy goes to the President and thence into the Government's keeping; the other remains in the custody of the House as the definitive record of what Parliament actually enacted.<br><br>\r\nThe words <b>\"FOR VERIFICATION AND RECORD\"<\/b> state the purpose. If a question ever arises as to the true text of an Act, the House's own preserved copy is the answer \u2014 which is also why <b>Rule 95<\/b> confines the Speaker's power after passing to correcting <b>PATENT ERRORS<\/b> and making changes <b>CONSEQUENTIAL<\/b> upon accepted amendments, and nothing more.<br><br>\r\n<b>The custody of the House's records is protected elsewhere in the same way:<\/b> <b>Rule 275(2)<\/b> \u2014 no part of the evidence, report or proceedings of a Committee not laid on the Table is open to inspection <i>\"except under the authority of the Speaker.\"<\/i> In both provisions the Speaker is the custodian of the House's papers.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 231, part: 3, partId: 86,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 129\",\r\n    question: \"Where a Bill passed by the Houses is returned to the House by the President with a message requesting reconsideration, the Speaker shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"read the message of the President in the House if in session, or, if the House is not in session, direct that it may be published in the Bulletin for the information of the members\",\r\n      \"read the message of the House only when it next assembles\",\r\n      \"direct that the message be published in the Gazette\",\r\n      \"refer the message to the Committee of Privileges\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 129(1):<\/b> <i>\"When a Bill passed by the Houses is returned to the House by the President with a message requesting that the House should reconsider the Bill or any specified provisions thereof or any such amendments are recommended in the message, the SPEAKER SHALL READ THE MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT IN THE HOUSE IF IN SESSION, OR IF THE HOUSE IS NOT IN SESSION, DIRECT THAT IT MAY BE PUBLISHED IN THE BULLETIN for the information of the members.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 129(2):<\/b> <i>\"The Bill as passed by the Houses and returned by the President for reconsideration SHALL THEREAFTER BE LAID ON THE TABLE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote that it is the <b>SPEAKER<\/b> who reads the President's message \u2014 not the Secretary-General, who reports the Council's messages under Rules 97, 103 and 138. A message from the Head of State is read by the presiding officer himself.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare Rule 23<\/b> (Chapter V), which deals with a message under Article 86(2): there too the Speaker reads the message, and in addition <i>\"give[s] necessary directions in regard to the procedure \u2026 [and] shall be empowered to SUSPEND OR VARY THE RULES to such extent as may be necessary.\"<\/i> Rule 129 confers no such power, because Rules 130 to 137 already lay down the procedure.<br><br>\r\n<b>The constitutional source is the proviso to Article 111<\/b>, under which the President may return a Bill which is <b>NOT A MONEY BILL<\/b> for reconsideration \u2014 and if it is passed again, with or without amendment, <i>\"the President SHALL NOT WITHHOLD ASSENT therefrom.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 232, part: 3, partId: 87,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 132\",\r\n    question: \"The debate on a motion that the amendments recommended by the President be taken into consideration shall be confined to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the principle of the Bill and its general provisions\",\r\n      \"consideration of matters referred to in the message of the President, or any suggestion relevant to the subject-matter of the amendments recommended by the President\",\r\n      \"arguments in support of the Bill or for its rejection\",\r\n      \"the report of the Select Committee on the Bill\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 132:<\/b> <i>\"The debate on such a motion shall be CONFINED TO CONSIDERATION OF MATTERS REFERRED TO IN THE MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT OR TO ANY SUGGESTION RELEVANT TO THE SUBJECT-MATTER OF THE AMENDMENTS RECOMMENDED BY THE PRESIDENT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe Bill has already been passed by both Houses. What is open on reconsideration is only what the <b>PRESIDENT<\/b> has raised \u2014 nothing else may be reopened.<br><br>\r\n<b>This is the fourth of the scope-of-debate rules in Chapter X, and they are best learnt as a set:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 75(1)<\/b> \u2014 motion after introduction: the principle of the Bill generally.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 78<\/b> \u2014 motion after a Committee report: the report and matters in it, plus alternatives consistent with the principle.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 94<\/b> \u2014 motion for passing: arguments for or against, of a general character.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 132<\/b> \u2014 motion on the President's message: the matters in the message and suggestions relevant to the amendments recommended.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 134<\/b> applies the same discipline to amendments: <i>\"An amendment relevant to the subject-matter of an amendment recommended by the President may be moved, but NO FURTHER AMENDMENT SHALL BE MOVED TO THE BILL UNLESS IT IS CONSEQUENTIAL UPON, INCIDENTAL OR ALTERNATIVE TO, an amendment recommended by the President.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the three words \u2014 <b>consequential upon, INCIDENTAL or alternative to<\/b> \u2014 against the two used in Rules 100(2) and 124(2) for Council amendments.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 233, part: 3, partId: 88,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rules 135 and 136\",\r\n    question: \"Where the motion that the amendments recommended by the President be taken into consideration is NOT carried, the member who gave notice of that motion may\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"at once move that the Bill as originally passed by the Houses be passed again without amendment\",\r\n      \"move that the Bill be referred to a Select Committee\",\r\n      \"move that the Bill be withdrawn\",\r\n      \"take no further step, the Bill having lapsed\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 136:<\/b> <i>\"If the motion that the amendments recommended by the President be taken into consideration is NOT CARRIED, the member giving notice of the motion under rule 130 MAY AT ONCE MOVE THAT THE BILL AS ORIGINALLY PASSED BY THE HOUSES BE PASSED AGAIN WITHOUT AMENDMENT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 135<\/b> covers the other outcome: <i>\"When ALL THE AMENDMENTS HAVE BEEN DISPOSED OF, the member giving notice of the motion under rule 130 may move that the Bill as originally passed by the Houses BE PASSED AGAIN, OR PASSED AGAIN AS AMENDED, as the case may be.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>So whichever way the House goes, the Bill is PASSED AGAIN:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 amendments considered and disposed of \u2192 passed again, with or without those amendments (Rule 135);<br>\r\n\u2022 the consideration motion itself not carried \u2192 passed again without amendment, at once (Rule 136).<br><br>\r\n<b>Why this matters constitutionally \u2014 the proviso to Article 111:<\/b> <i>\"\u2026and when a Bill is so returned, the Houses shall reconsider the Bill accordingly, and IF THE BILL IS PASSED AGAIN BY THE HOUSES WITH OR WITHOUT AMENDMENT and presented to the President for assent, THE PRESIDENT SHALL NOT WITHHOLD ASSENT THEREFROM.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe President's power to return a Bill is therefore a power of delay and persuasion, exercisable once. Once the Houses have passed it again, assent is obligatory \u2014 which is why Rules 135 and 136 are drafted to ensure that a course to \"pass again\" always exists.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 234, part: 3, partId: 89,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rules 74, 77, 79, 93, 99, 116, 131\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the period of two days in relation to Bills:<br>1. A member may object to a motion being made after the introduction of a Bill unless copies of the Bill have been made available for two days before the day on which the motion is made.<br>2. A member may object to a motion after the presentation of a Select Committee report unless a copy of the report has been made available for two days before the day on which the motion is made.<br>3. Notice of an amendment to a clause or schedule of a Bill must be given two days before the day on which the Bill is to be considered.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3 is INCORRECT.<\/b> <b>Rule 79(1):<\/b> <i>\"If notice of an amendment to a clause or schedule of the Bill has not been given ONE DAY BEFORE that day on which the Bill is to be considered, any member may object to the moving of the amendment.\"<\/i> \u2014 <b>ONE<\/b> day, not two.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statements 1 and 2 are correct<\/b> \u2014 the second proviso to <b>Rule 74<\/b> (copies of the BILL) and the proviso to <b>Rule 77(1)<\/b> (copy of the REPORT), both two days, both yielding to the Speaker.<br><br>\r\n<b>\"TWO DAYS\" appears seven times in this chapter, in four different senses. Collect them:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>(i) Availability of papers<\/b> \u2014 copies of the Bill (second proviso to Rule 74) and of the Committee report (proviso to Rule 77(1)) available for two days.<br>\r\n<b>(ii) Notice of a motion<\/b> \u2014 two days' notice, or without notice with the Speaker's consent, for motions on returned Bills: <b>Rules 99, 105, 123, 140, 145, 150<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>(iii) Setting down in the list of business<\/b> \u2014 not less than two days from the receipt of the notice: <b>Rules 116 and 131<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>(iv) NOT two days at all<\/b> \u2014 notice of an amendment to a clause is <b>ONE<\/b> day (Rule 79(1)); the notice period for a private member's Bill is <b>ONE MONTH<\/b> (Rule 65(3)).<br><br>\r\nDo not assume \"two days\" is the general rule of the chapter; check which of the four senses the stem is in.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 235, part: 3, partId: 90,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rules 100, 124, 134, 141, 146, 151\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding further amendments at the stage of consideration of amendments made by the Council or recommended by the President:<br>1. In the case of amendments made by the Council to a Bill originating in the House, no further amendment may be moved unless it is consequential upon, or an alternative to, an amendment made by the Council.<br>2. In the case of amendments recommended by the President, no further amendment may be moved unless it is consequential upon, incidental or alternative to, an amendment recommended by the President.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 100(2):<\/b> <i>\"An amendment relevant to the subject-matter of an amendment made by the Council may be moved, but no further amendment shall be moved to the Bill UNLESS IT IS CONSEQUENTIAL UPON, OR AN ALTERNATIVE TO, an amendment made by the Council.\"<\/i> The same two-category formula is used in <b>Rule 124(2)<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 134:<\/b> <i>\"An amendment relevant to the subject-matter of an amendment recommended by the President may be moved, but no further amendment shall be moved to the Bill unless it is CONSEQUENTIAL UPON, INCIDENTAL OR ALTERNATIVE TO, an amendment recommended by the President.\"<\/i> The three-category formula is used again in <b>Rules 141(2), 146(2) and 151(2)<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The extra word \"INCIDENTAL\" in Part IV is the discrimination worth carrying.<\/b> Part I and Part II allow two categories; Part IV allows three. The wider formula fits the situation: a Bill returned by the President has already been passed by both Houses, and giving effect to his recommendations may require adjustments that are neither strictly consequential nor true alternatives.<br><br>\r\n<b>A further widening appears in the proviso to Rule 146(2)<\/b>, for a Council Bill returned by the President: <i>\"Provided that IF THE COUNCIL HAS NOT AGREED TO AN AMENDMENT RECOMMENDED BY THE PRESIDENT, ANY MEMBER MAY MOVE AN AMENDMENT RELEVANT TO THE SUBJECT-MATTER OF THE AMENDMENT RECOMMENDED BY THE PRESIDENT.\"<\/i> \u2014 where the Council has rejected a Presidential amendment, the House is given a free hand on that subject-matter.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 236, part: 3, partId: 91,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rules 144 and 145\",\r\n    question: \"Where a Bill passed by the Houses which has been returned by the President to the Council for reconsideration has been passed again by the Council and transmitted to the House,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Bill alone shall, as soon as may be, be laid on the Table\",\r\n      \"the Bill together with the President's message shall, as soon as may be, be laid on the Table\",\r\n      \"the Bill shall be presented to the President for assent\",\r\n      \"the Bill shall stand referred to a Joint Committee of the Houses\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the Bill TOGETHER WITH THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 144:<\/b> <i>\"When a Bill passed by the Houses which has been returned by the President TO THE COUNCIL for reconsideration, has been PASSED AGAIN with or without amendments BY THE COUNCIL and transmitted to the House, THE BILL TOGETHER WITH THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE shall, as soon as may be, be LAID ON THE TABLE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe message accompanies the Bill because the House is being asked to reconsider on the President's initiative and must see what he asked for. Contrast <b>Rule 129(1)<\/b>, where the Bill was returned to the <b>HOUSE<\/b> and the <b>SPEAKER READS<\/b> the message \u2014 there the House hears it directly; here it arrives with the Bill from the Council.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 145:<\/b> at any time after the Bill and the message have been so laid, <i>\"any Minister in the case of a Government Bill, or, in any other case, any member, may, after giving TWO DAYS' NOTICE, or with the consent of the Speaker without notice, move that the BILL AS PASSED AGAIN BY THE COUNCIL BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 146(1)<\/b> \u2014 if that motion is carried, the Speaker puts to the House the amendments, if any, made by the Council, in such manner as he thinks most convenient.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 146(2)<\/b> \u2014 further amendments only if consequential upon, incidental or alternative to a Council amendment \u2014 with a <b>PROVISO<\/b> of real width: <i>\"Provided that IF THE COUNCIL HAS NOT AGREED TO AN AMENDMENT RECOMMENDED BY THE PRESIDENT, ANY MEMBER MAY MOVE AN AMENDMENT RELEVANT TO THE SUBJECT-MATTER OF THE AMENDMENT RECOMMENDED BY THE PRESIDENT.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 237, part: 3, partId: 92,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rules 149 and 150\",\r\n    question: \"Where, at the reconsideration stage, the Council disagrees with the amendments made by the House, or proposes further amendments in place of them, the Bill as further amended shall on receipt by the House be laid on the Table, and a motion that the amendments be taken into consideration may thereafter be moved\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"without any notice, as of right\",\r\n      \"after giving two days' notice, or with the consent of the Speaker without notice\",\r\n      \"after giving seven days' notice\",\r\n      \"only on a day appointed by the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) after giving two days' notice, or with the consent of the Speaker without notice.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 149:<\/b> <i>\"If the Council DISAGREES with the amendments made by the House or any of them, or AGREES TO ANY OF THE AMENDMENTS made by the House WITH FURTHER AMENDMENTS, or PROPOSES FURTHER AMENDMENTS IN PLACE OF amendments made by the House, the Bill as further amended shall on receipt by the House be LAID ON THE TABLE.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 150:<\/b> <i>\"After the amended Bill has been so laid on the Table, any Minister in the case of a Government Bill, or, in any other case, any member may, after giving TWO DAYS' NOTICE, OR WITH THE CONSENT OF THE SPEAKER WITHOUT NOTICE, move that the amendments be taken into consideration.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>How this stage was reached \u2014 Rules 147 and 148:<\/b> where a Bill passed again by the Council is passed again by the House <b>WITHOUT<\/b> amendment, a <b>MESSAGE<\/b> is sent to the Council (Rule 147); where it is passed again <b>WITH<\/b> amendments, the <b>BILL IS RETURNED<\/b> to the Council <i>\"with a message asking the concurrence of the Council in such amendments\"<\/i> (Rule 148). Rule 149 deals with the Council refusing that concurrence.<br><br>\r\n<b>What follows \u2014 Rule 151(1):<\/b> the Speaker puts the amendments in such manner as he thinks most convenient; <b>151(2)<\/b> \u2014 further amendments only if <b>consequential upon, incidental or alternative to<\/b> a Council amendment. <b>Rule 152<\/b> \u2014 the House agrees, or insists. <b>Rule 153<\/b> \u2014 final disagreement if the Council is unable to agree.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rules 149 to 151 are word-for-word Rules 122 to 124<\/b>, applied to a Bill that has been through the President's hands \u2014 Part IV reproduces the earlier machinery throughout.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 238, part: 3, partId: 93,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rules 152 and 153\",\r\n    question: \"Where a Bill originating in the Council and returned by the President has been further amended by the Council and laid on the Table, the House may agree to the Bill as passed again by the Council or as further amended by the Council, or may\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"return the Bill with a message that it insists on an amendment or amendments to which the Council has disagreed\",\r\n      \"present the Bill to the President in the form in which the House passed it\",\r\n      \"declare that the Houses have finally disagreed\",\r\n      \"refer the Bill to a Select Committee of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 152:<\/b> <i>\"The House may AGREE TO THE BILL AS PASSED AGAIN BY THE COUNCIL OR AS FURTHER AMENDED BY THE COUNCIL, as the case may be, OR MAY RETURN THE BILL WITH A MESSAGE THAT IT INSISTS ON AN AMENDMENT OR AMENDMENTS TO WHICH THE COUNCIL HAS DISAGREED.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 153:<\/b> <i>\"If the Bill is returned with a message that THE HOUSE INSISTS on an amendment or amendments TO WHICH THE COUNCIL IS UNABLE TO AGREE, the Houses shall be DEEMED TO HAVE FINALLY DISAGREED as to the amendment or amendments.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOption (c) is the trap: final disagreement is not something the House DECLARES. It arises by operation of the rule, and only after the House has <b>INSISTED<\/b> and the Council has proved <b>UNABLE TO AGREE<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The four \"final disagreement\" rules in Chapter X, and who insists in each:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 102<\/b> \u2014 House Bill; the <b>COUNCIL<\/b> insists.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 126<\/b> \u2014 Council Bill; the <b>HOUSE<\/b> insists.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 143<\/b> \u2014 House Bill passed again after the President's message; the <b>COUNCIL<\/b> insists.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 153<\/b> \u2014 Council Bill passed again after the President's message; the <b>HOUSE<\/b> insists.<br><br>\r\nIn every case the originating House's position is the one being insisted upon by the other side, and the deadlock is reached only after a full round trip. <b>Article 108(1)(a)<\/b> then permits a joint sitting \u2014 except for a Money Bill or a Constitution amendment Bill.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 239, part: 3, partId: 94,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 95\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-NAMED \u2192 OPTIONS\",\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, does the Speaker have power to correct patent errors and make such other changes in a Bill as are consequential upon the amendments accepted by the House?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rule 93\",\r\n      \"Rule 94\",\r\n      \"Rule 95\",\r\n      \"Rule 96\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Rule 95.<\/b><br><br><b>Rule 95:<\/b> <i>\"Where a Bill is passed by the House, the Speaker shall have power to CORRECT PATENT ERRORS and make such other changes in the Bill AS ARE CONSEQUENTIAL UPON THE AMENDMENTS ACCEPTED BY THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>The power is strictly confined to those two things. The Speaker cannot improve the Bill, revive a clause the House has negatived, or alter its substance. It exists because a Bill amended clause by clause over several sittings will often carry cross-references that no longer fit.<br><br><b>The distractors, all from the same group:<\/b><br><b>Rule 93<\/b> \u2014 the motion for passing: at once if the Bill is unamended; not the same day if amended, unless the Speaker allows.<br><b>Rule 94<\/b> \u2014 the scope of that debate: arguments for or against, of a general character.<br><b>Rule 96<\/b> \u2014 transmission to the Council with the Secretary-General's certificate, and the Speaker's Money Bill certificate endorsed at the end.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 240, part: 3, partId: 95,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter X (Rules 64-154)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 10: Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 92\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-NAMED \u2192 OPTIONS\",\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, do clause one, the Enacting Formula, the Preamble and the Title of a Bill stand postponed until the other clauses and schedules have been disposed of?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rule 89\",\r\n      \"Rule 90\",\r\n      \"Rule 91\",\r\n      \"Rule 92\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Rule 92.<\/b><br><br><b>Rule 92:<\/b> <i>\"CLAUSE ONE, THE ENACTING FORMULA, THE PREAMBLE, IF ANY AND THE TITLE OF A BILL SHALL STAND POSTPONED until the other clauses and schedules (including new clauses and new schedules) have been disposed of.\"<\/i><br><br>The postponement is <b>AUTOMATIC<\/b> and general. All four describe the Bill as a whole, and none can be settled until it is known what the Bill finally contains.<br><br><b>The distractors are the neighbouring rules of the same stage:<\/b><br><b>Rule 89<\/b> \u2014 <b>DISCRETIONARY<\/b> postponement of any clause: <i>\"The Speaker, if thinks fit, may postpone the consideration of a clause.\"<\/i><br><b>Rule 90<\/b> \u2014 schedules follow the clauses, and new schedules follow the original schedules; the proviso lets the Speaker take a schedule earlier.<br><b>Rule 91<\/b> \u2014 clauses and schedules may be put together, but any one must be put separately on a member's request.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n\r\n  \/* ======================================================================\r\n     PART 4 \u2014 Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\r\n     ====================================================================== *\/\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 241, part: 4, partId: 1,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 11: Bills seeking to amend the Constitution\", rule: \"Third proviso to Rule 155\",\r\n    question: \"In a Bill seeking to amend the Constitution, which of the following may be adopted by a simple majority?<br>1. The Short Title<br>2. The Enacting Formula<br>3. The Long Title<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Third proviso to Rule 155:<\/b> <i>\"Provided further that the SHORT TITLE, THE ENACTING FORMULA AND THE LONG TITLE MAY BE ADOPTED BY A SIMPLE MAJORITY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe special majority attaches to the <b>SUBSTANCE<\/b> of a Constitution amendment Bill \u2014 its clauses and schedules \u2014 not to its formal parts. The main limb of Rule 155 requires each clause or schedule to be passed <i>\"by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two thirds of the members present and voting\"<\/i>; the three formal components are carved out.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the difference in the list from Chapter X. Rule 92<\/b>, which governs an ordinary Bill, postpones <i>\"CLAUSE ONE, the Enacting Formula, THE PREAMBLE, if any and the Title\"<\/i>. The third proviso to Rule 155 names the <b>SHORT TITLE, the Enacting Formula and the LONG TITLE<\/b> \u2014 the wording is not the same, and an option that imports \"clause one\" or \"the Preamble\" from Rule 92 is a natural distractor.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other two provisos to Rule 155:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>First<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may, <b>WITH THE CONCURRENCE OF THE HOUSE<\/b>, put clauses and\/or schedules together, in which case the result of the voting is taken as applicable to <b>EACH CLAUSE OR SCHEDULE SEPARATELY<\/b> and so indicated in the proceedings.<br>\r\n<b>Second<\/b> \u2014 if a member requests that any clause or schedule be put separately, the Speaker <b>SHALL<\/b> put it separately.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 242, part: 4, partId: 2,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 11: Bills seeking to amend the Constitution\", rule: \"First proviso to Rule 155\",\r\n    question: \"Where the Speaker puts clauses and\/or schedules of a Bill seeking to amend the Constitution together to the vote of the House,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"he may do so with the concurrence of the House, and the result of the voting shall be taken as applicable to each clause or schedule separately and so indicated in the proceedings\",\r\n      \"he may do so in his own discretion, and the result shall be taken as applicable to the Bill as a whole\",\r\n      \"he may do so only if no member objects, and a fresh vote shall be taken on each clause thereafter\",\r\n      \"he may do so only where the clauses are consequential upon one another\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>First proviso to Rule 155:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that the Speaker may, WITH CONCURRENCE OF THE HOUSE, put clauses and\/or schedules, or clauses and\/or schedules as amended, as the case may be, together to the vote of the House IN WHICH CASE THE RESULT OF THE VOTING SHALL BE TAKEN AS APPLICABLE TO EACH CLAUSE OR SCHEDULE SEPARATELY AND SO INDICATED IN THE PROCEEDINGS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Two features distinguish this from the ordinary rule, and both are examinable:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>CONCURRENCE OF THE HOUSE<\/b> is required. Under <b>Rule 91<\/b>, for an ordinary Bill, the Speaker may group clauses <i>\"if thinks fit\"<\/i> \u2014 his own judgment suffices. For a Constitution amendment Bill the House must concur, because each clause must clear the special majority.<br>\r\n\u2022 The result is <b>DEEMED APPLICABLE TO EACH CLAUSE SEPARATELY<\/b> and recorded as such. The grouping is a convenience of procedure only; in law each clause is separately passed by the requisite majority.<br><br>\r\n<b>The second proviso preserves the individual member's right:<\/b> <i>\"Provided further that if a member requests that any clause or schedule \u2026 be put separately, the Speaker SHALL put that clause or schedule \u2026 separately.\"<\/i> \u2014 mandatory, exactly as in the proviso to Rule 91 and in Rule 85(2).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 158(1)<\/b> then requires the vote to be by <b>DIVISION<\/b> whenever such a special majority is needed.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 243, part: 4, partId: 3,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 11: Bills seeking to amend the Constitution\", rule: \"Second proviso to Rule 155\",\r\n    question: \"If a member requests that a particular clause of a Bill seeking to amend the Constitution be put separately to the vote,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker shall put that clause separately\",\r\n      \"the Speaker may accede to the request if he thinks fit\",\r\n      \"the request shall be decided by the House\",\r\n      \"the request shall be allowed only with the concurrence of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the Speaker shall put that clause separately.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 155:<\/b> <i>\"Provided further that IF A MEMBER REQUESTS that any clause or schedule, or any clause or schedule as amended, as the case may be, be put separately, THE SPEAKER SHALL PUT that clause or schedule, or clause or schedule as amended, as the case may be, SEPARATELY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the contrast within the same rule: the FIRST proviso lets the Speaker group clauses only <b>WITH THE CONCURRENCE OF THE HOUSE<\/b>; the SECOND lets a <b>SINGLE MEMBER<\/b> break that grouping, and the Speaker has no discretion \u2014 <b>\"SHALL\"<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same safeguard runs through the Rules at three levels, always in the same form:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 85(2)<\/b> \u2014 similar AMENDMENTS to a clause may be put together, but any one must be put separately on a member's request.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 91<\/b> \u2014 CLAUSES and SCHEDULES of an ordinary Bill may be put together, subject to the same right.<br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 155<\/b> \u2014 the same for a Constitution amendment Bill.<br><br>\r\n<b>Here the safeguard matters most<\/b>, because under Rule 155 each clause must independently be passed <i>\"by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two thirds of the members present and voting\"<\/i> \u2014 the majority required by <b>Article 368(2)<\/b>. A member who suspects one clause lacks that support can force it to be tested on its own.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 244, part: 4, partId: 4,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 11: Bills seeking to amend the Constitution\", rule: \"Rule 157\",\r\n    question: \"In respect of a Bill seeking to amend the Constitution, which of the following motions shall be deemed to have been carried only if passed by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting?<br>1. That the Bill be taken into consideration<br>2. That the Bill as reported by the Select Committee of the House or the Joint Committee of the Houses be taken into consideration<br>3. That the Bill, or the Bill as amended, be passed<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 157:<\/b> <i>\"If the motion in respect of such Bill is that: (i) the BILL BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION; or (ii) the BILL AS REPORTED BY THE SELECT COMMITTEE of the House or the JOINT COMMITTEE of the Houses, as the case may be, BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION; or (iii) the BILL, OR THE BILL AS AMENDED, as the case may be, BE PASSED; then the motion shall be DEEMED TO HAVE BEEN CARRIED IF IT IS PASSED BY A MAJORITY OF THE TOTAL MEMBERSHIP OF THE HOUSE AND BY A MAJORITY OF NOT LESS THAN TWO-THIRDS OF THE MEMBERS PRESENT AND VOTING.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note which motions are NOT in the list<\/b>, and this is where the marks are: a motion that the Bill be <b>REFERRED TO A SELECT OR JOINT COMMITTEE<\/b>, or that it be <b>CIRCULATED<\/b> for eliciting opinion, is not named \u2014 those are procedural steps and go by simple majority. So does an <b>AMENDMENT<\/b> to a clause, under Rule 156.<br><br>\r\n<b>The scheme of Chapter XI in one view:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 155<\/b> \u2014 each CLAUSE or SCHEDULE \u2192 <b>SPECIAL<\/b> majority.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 156<\/b> \u2014 AMENDMENTS to clauses or schedules \u2192 <b>SIMPLE<\/b> majority.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 157<\/b> \u2014 the three substantive MOTIONS above \u2192 <b>SPECIAL<\/b> majority.<br>\r\n<b>Third proviso to Rule 155<\/b> \u2014 Short Title, Enacting Formula, Long Title \u2192 <b>SIMPLE<\/b> majority.<br><br>\r\nThis mirrors <b>Article 368(2)<\/b>, which requires the Bill to be <i>\"passed in each House by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 245, part: 4, partId: 5,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 11: Constitution Amendment Bills\", rule: \"Rule 156\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following motions in relation to a Bill seeking to amend the Constitution does NOT require to be carried by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"That the Bill be taken into consideration\",\r\n      \"That the Bill as reported by the Select Committee be taken into consideration\",\r\n      \"That the Bill be referred to a Select Committee\",\r\n      \"That the Bill be passed\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) That the Bill be referred to a Select Committee.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 157<\/b> names only <b>THREE<\/b> motions in respect of which the special majority is required \u2014 <i>\"that the Bill be taken into consideration\"<\/i>, <i>\"that the Bill as reported by the Select or Joint Committee be taken into consideration\"<\/i>, and <i>\"that the Bill be passed\"<\/i>. Options (a), (b) and (d) are those three, verbatim.<br><br>\r\n<b>A motion for REFERENCE TO A COMMITTEE is not among them<\/b>, and neither is a motion for <b>CIRCULATION<\/b> to elicit opinion. Both are carried by a <b>SIMPLE MAJORITY<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The principle running through Chapter XI is that the special majority attaches to what the House ENACTS, not to the steps by which it gets there.<\/b> Three provisions apply it, and they are best held together:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 155<\/b> \u2014 a <b>CLAUSE or SCHEDULE<\/b> forms part of the Bill only on the special majority.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 156<\/b> \u2014 an <b>AMENDMENT<\/b> to such a clause or schedule is carried <i>\"IN THE SAME MANNER AS IN THE CASE OF ANY OTHER BILL\"<\/i>, that is, by a simple majority.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 157<\/b> \u2014 the three motions above.<br><br>\r\nSo a bare majority may reshape a clause that a two-thirds majority must then pass \u2014 an asymmetry worth marking.<br><br>\r\n<b>The third proviso to Rule 155<\/b> puts three formal parts outside the special majority altogether: the <b>SHORT TITLE, the ENACTING FORMULA and the LONG TITLE<\/b>. Note that this list differs from Rule 92's \"clause one, Enacting Formula, Preamble, Title\" for an ordinary Bill.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Explanation to Rule 159<\/b> supplies the denominator throughout: <b>\"total membership\"<\/b> means the total number of members comprising the House <b>IRRESPECTIVE OF VACANCIES OR ABSENTEES<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 246, part: 4, partId: 6,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 11: Bills seeking to amend the Constitution\", rule: \"Rule 158(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Where the result of a division on a Bill seeking to amend the Constitution shows that the requisite majorities are in favour of the motion, the Speaker, while announcing the result, shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"merely declare that the motion is carried\",\r\n      \"say that the motion is carried by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting\",\r\n      \"direct that the numbers voting for and against be published in the Bulletin\",\r\n      \"certify the Bill under article 368 of the Constitution\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 158(2):<\/b> <i>\"If the result of the voting shows that the majority of the total membership of the House and the majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting are in favour of the motion, THE SPEAKER SHALL, WHILE ANNOUNCING THE RESULT, SAY THAT THE MOTION IS CARRIED BY A MAJORITY OF THE TOTAL MEMBERSHIP OF THE HOUSE AND BY A MAJORITY OF NOT LESS THAN TWO-THIRDS OF THE MEMBERS PRESENT AND VOTING.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe sub-rule requires the Chair to state the majority <b>IN TERMS<\/b>, not merely to declare the motion carried. The reason is evidentiary: <b>Article 368(2)<\/b> makes the special majority a condition of validity, and the announcement puts on the record of the House that the condition was satisfied.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 158(1)<\/b> is what makes such a statement possible: <i>\"Voting shall be BY DIVISION whenever a motion has to be carried by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting.\"<\/i> A voice vote under Rule 367 cannot produce the numbers, so a division is compulsory.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) confuses two different certificates.<\/b> The Speaker certifies a <b>MONEY BILL<\/b> under Article 110(4), endorsed at the end of the Bill (proviso to Rule 96(2)). There is no Speaker's certificate for a Constitution amendment Bill \u2014 what Article 368(2) requires is that the Bill be <b>PRESENTED TO THE PRESIDENT<\/b>, who <i>\"SHALL give his assent.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 247, part: 4, partId: 7,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 11: Bills seeking to amend the Constitution\", rule: \"Rule 158(1)\",\r\n    question: \"In which one of the following circumstances is voting in the Lok Sabha required to be taken by division?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"on every clause of every Bill\",\r\n      \"whenever a motion has to be carried by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting\",\r\n      \"whenever the Speaker so directs\",\r\n      \"whenever not less than fifty members so demand\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 158(1):<\/b> <i>\"Voting shall be BY DIVISION whenever a motion has to be carried by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nDivision is <b>COMPULSORY<\/b> here because the numbers must be recorded. A special majority cannot be verified by the ordinary voice-vote procedure of <b>Rule 367(1)-(2)<\/b>, under which the Speaker invites the Ayes and the Noes and, if his opinion is not challenged, declares the result without counting.<br><br>\r\n<b>The ordinary route to a division is quite different \u2014 Rule 367(3):<\/b> a division is held only IF the Speaker's opinion on the voice vote is <b>CHALLENGED<\/b>; he then orders the Lobby to be cleared and, after an interval of three minutes and thirty seconds, puts the question a second time and directs the votes to be recorded.<br><br>\r\nSo there are two distinct routes: <b>AUTOMATIC<\/b> division wherever a special majority is required (Rule 158(1)), and <b>DIVISION ON CHALLENGE<\/b> in every other case (Rule 367(3)).<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) borrows a real figure from elsewhere<\/b> \u2014 fifty members rising is the test of leave for an adjournment motion (Rule 60(2)) and for a no-confidence motion (Rule 198(2)). It has nothing to do with divisions.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 248, part: 4, partId: 8,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 11: Bills seeking to amend the Constitution\", rule: \"Rules 155\u2013159\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to a Bill seeking to amend the Constitution?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Each clause or schedule shall be put to the vote of the House separately\",\r\n      \"Amendments to clauses or schedules shall be decided by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting\",\r\n      \"The Short Title, the Enacting Formula and the Long Title may be adopted by a simple majority\",\r\n      \"In all other respects, the procedure laid down in the rules with respect to other Bills shall apply\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 156:<\/b> <i>\"Amendments to clauses or schedules shall be decided by A MAJORITY OF MEMBERS PRESENT AND VOTING in the same manner as in the case of ANY OTHER BILL.\"<\/i> A <b>SIMPLE<\/b> majority, not the special one. The option imports the Rule 155 formula into the wrong provision, and that transposition is the whole question.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 155<\/b> \u2014 each clause or schedule is put to the vote separately, and forms part of the Bill only on the special majority (A \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>Third proviso to Rule 155<\/b> \u2014 Short Title, Enacting Formula and Long Title by simple majority (C \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>Rule 159<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"In all other respects, the procedure laid down in these rules with respect to other Bills shall apply.\"<\/i> (D \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>The line to hold across Chapter XI:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>SPECIAL majority<\/b> \u2192 each clause or schedule (155); the three motions in Rule 157 \u2014 consideration, consideration as reported, and passing.<br>\r\n<b>SIMPLE majority<\/b> \u2192 amendments to clauses (156); Short Title, Enacting Formula, Long Title (third proviso to 155); and, since Rule 157 does not name them, motions for reference to a Committee or for circulation.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 249, part: 4, partId: 9,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 11: Bills seeking to amend the Constitution\", rule: \"Rule 159\",\r\n    question: \"In respects for which Chapter XI makes no special provision, a Bill seeking to amend the Constitution is governed by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the procedure laid down in the rules with respect to other Bills\",\r\n      \"such procedure as the Speaker may direct in each case\",\r\n      \"the procedure laid down for Money Bills\",\r\n      \"directions issued by the President under article 368\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the procedure laid down in the rules with respect to other Bills.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 159:<\/b> <i>\"IN ALL OTHER RESPECTS, THE PROCEDURE LAID DOWN IN THESE RULES WITH RESPECT TO OTHER BILLS SHALL APPLY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nChapter XI is short \u2014 five rules \u2014 precisely because it is not a self-contained code. It provides only for what is <b>SPECIAL<\/b> about a Constitution amendment Bill, namely the majorities (155, 156, 157) and the manner of voting (158). Everything else is drawn from Chapter X.<br><br>\r\n<b>So all of the following apply to a Constitution amendment Bill:<\/b> notice and the Statement of Objects and Reasons (Rule 65); publication in the Gazette (Rules 64, 73); the four motions after introduction (Rule 74); the scope of the general debate (Rule 75(1)); reference to a Select or Joint Committee (Rules 74, 77); notice of amendments and the seven conditions of admissibility (Rules 79, 80); the Speaker's power of selection (Rule 83); clause-by-clause consideration (Rule 88); postponement of a clause (Rule 89); schedules (Rule 90); the motion for passing (Rule 93); correction of patent errors (Rule 95); transmission to the Council (Rule 96); and authentication and assent (Rule 128).<br><br>\r\n<b>The same drafting technique appears in Rules 118 and 119<\/b> for a Bill originating in the Council \u2014 rather than repeat the machinery, the rules simply apply it.<br><br>\r\nNote that a Constitution amendment Bill is <b>OUTSIDE ARTICLE 108<\/b>: there is no joint sitting to resolve a deadlock on it.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 250, part: 4, partId: 10,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 11: Bills seeking to amend the Constitution\", rule: \"Rules 155 and 157\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding a Bill seeking to amend the Constitution:<br>1. A clause forms part of the Bill only if it is passed by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting.<br>2. A motion that the Bill be referred to a Select Committee must also be carried by the same special majority.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT. Rule 155:<\/b> each clause or schedule <i>\"shall be put to the vote of the House separately AND SHALL FORM PART OF THE BILL IF IT IS PASSED BY A MAJORITY OF THE TOTAL MEMBERSHIP OF THE HOUSE AND BY A MAJORITY OF NOT LESS THAN TWO THIRDS OF THE MEMBERS PRESENT AND VOTING.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT.<\/b> <b>Rule 157<\/b> names only <b>THREE<\/b> motions as requiring the special majority \u2014 that the Bill be <b>TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION<\/b>; that the Bill <b>AS REPORTED<\/b> by a Select or Joint Committee be taken into consideration; and that the Bill (or the Bill as amended) <b>BE PASSED<\/b>. A motion for <b>REFERENCE<\/b> to a Select or Joint Committee, or for <b>CIRCULATION<\/b> for eliciting opinion, is not in the list, and is therefore carried by a simple majority like any other procedural motion.<br><br>\r\n<b>The distinction is a sound one:<\/b> the special majority of <b>Article 368(2)<\/b> is required for the House to <b>AMEND THE CONSTITUTION<\/b> \u2014 that is, to adopt the substance and to pass the Bill. Sending the Bill to a Committee for examination amends nothing.<br><br>\r\n<b>Follow the consequence through Rule 158(1):<\/b> since a reference motion needs no special majority, no division is compulsory on it \u2014 it can be decided on a voice vote under Rule 367.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 251, part: 4, partId: 11,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 11: Bills seeking to amend the Constitution\", rule: \"Rules 91 and 155\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. In the case of an ordinary Bill, the Speaker may, if he thinks fit, put clauses and schedules together to the vote of the House.<br>2. In the case of a Bill seeking to amend the Constitution, the Speaker may put clauses and schedules together only with the concurrence of the House.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 91:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker, IF THINKS FIT, may put as one question clauses and or schedules, or clauses and or schedules as amended, as the case may be, together to the vote of the House.\"<\/i> The Speaker's own judgment suffices.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 first proviso to Rule 155:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that the Speaker may, WITH CONCURRENCE OF THE HOUSE, put clauses and\/or schedules \u2026 together to the vote of the House in which case the result of the voting shall be taken as applicable to EACH CLAUSE OR SCHEDULE SEPARATELY and so indicated in the proceedings.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The difference is deliberate.<\/b> For an ordinary Bill a clause passes by simple majority, and grouping costs nothing. For a Constitution amendment Bill every clause must independently clear the majority of the total membership and two-thirds of those present and voting \u2014 so the House itself must agree to the grouping, and the result is recorded as applying to each clause separately.<br><br>\r\n<b>What both rules share is the member's veto:<\/b> the proviso to Rule 91 and the second proviso to Rule 155 are in identical terms \u2014 if a member requests that a clause be put separately, the Speaker <b>SHALL<\/b> do so. The same right appears for amendments in <b>Rule 85(2)<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 252, part: 4, partId: 12,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 11: Bills seeking to amend the Constitution\", rule: \"Explanation to Rule 159\",\r\n    question: \"The expression \\\"total membership\\\" referred to in the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha means\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the total number of members comprising the House, irrespective of the fact whether there are vacancies or absentees on any account\",\r\n      \"the total number of members comprising the House, excluding vacancies\",\r\n      \"the total number of members present in the House at the time of voting\",\r\n      \"the total number of members who have taken the oath and signed the Roll of Members\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Explanation to Rule 159:<\/b> <i>\"The expression 'TOTAL MEMBERSHIP' referred to in these rules means THE TOTAL NUMBER OF MEMBERS COMPRISING THE HOUSE IRRESPECTIVE OF THE FACT WHETHER THERE ARE VACANCIES OR ABSENTEES ON ANY ACCOUNT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This is the sleeper of Chapter XI.<\/b> The Explanation is not confined to Chapter XI \u2014 it defines the expression <b>\"in these rules\"<\/b>, that is, throughout the book. And it settles the point that decides the arithmetic: the denominator is the <b>SANCTIONED STRENGTH<\/b>, not the number of seats currently filled, and not the number of members in the Chamber.<br><br>\r\nSo for a Lok Sabha of 543 the \"majority of the total membership\" is <b>272<\/b> \u2014 and it stays 272 however many seats are vacant and however many members are absent.<br><br>\r\n<b>Where \"total membership\" does its work:<\/b> <b>Rule 155<\/b> (each clause of a Constitution amendment Bill); <b>Rule 157<\/b> (the three motions); <b>Rule 158(1)\u2013(2)<\/b> (division and the announcement); and, in the Constitution, <b>Article 368(2)<\/b> and <b>Article 94(c)<\/b> \u2014 removal of the Speaker or Deputy Speaker by <i>\"a resolution passed by a majority of all the then members of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Do not confuse it with the two other counts:<\/b> <b>QUORUM<\/b> \u2014 one-tenth of the total number of members (Article 100(3)); <b>MEMBERS PRESENT AND VOTING<\/b> \u2014 the base for the two-thirds limb, which does move with attendance.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 253, part: 4, partId: 13,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 11: Bills seeking to amend the Constitution\", rule: \"Rules 155, 156, 157\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following pairs relating to a Bill seeking to amend the Constitution:<br>1. Each clause or schedule \u2014 special majority<br>2. Amendment to a clause \u2014 simple majority<br>3. Motion that the Bill be passed \u2014 special majority<br>4. Long Title \u2014 special majority<br>Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Pair 1 \u2014 Rule 155 \u2713<\/b> \u2014 each clause or schedule forms part of the Bill only on the special majority.<br>\r\n<b>Pair 2 \u2014 Rule 156 \u2713<\/b> \u2014 amendments to clauses or schedules are decided <i>\"by a majority of members present and voting in the same manner as in the case of any other Bill.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Pair 3 \u2014 Rule 157(iii) \u2713<\/b> \u2014 the motion that the Bill, or the Bill as amended, be passed is deemed carried only on the special majority.<br><br>\r\n<b>Pair 4 is wrongly matched \u2717. Third proviso to Rule 155:<\/b> <i>\"Provided further that the SHORT TITLE, THE ENACTING FORMULA AND THE LONG TITLE MAY BE ADOPTED BY A SIMPLE MAJORITY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The whole of Chapter XI reduces to one table, and every question on it is a test of that table:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>SPECIAL MAJORITY<\/b> (majority of the total membership + not less than two-thirds present and voting) \u2014 each clause and schedule (155); consideration (157(i)); consideration as reported by a Select or Joint Committee (157(ii)); passing (157(iii)).<br>\r\n<b>SIMPLE MAJORITY<\/b> \u2014 amendments to clauses and schedules (156); Short Title, Enacting Formula and Long Title (third proviso to 155); and every motion not named in Rule 157, such as reference to a Committee or circulation for opinion.<br><br>\r\nAnd by <b>Rule 158(1)<\/b>, wherever the special majority is required, the vote must be <b>BY DIVISION<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 254, part: 4, partId: 14,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 11: Bills seeking to amend the Constitution\", rule: \"Rules 158 and 367\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. In the case of an ordinary motion, a division is held only if the opinion of the Speaker on the voice vote is challenged.<br>2. Where a motion has to be carried by a special majority, voting shall be by division without any challenge being necessary.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 367(1)-(3):<\/b> on the conclusion of a debate the Speaker puts the question and invites those in favour to say \"Aye\" and those against to say \"No\"; he then states his opinion; and <i>\"if the opinion of the Speaker as to the decision of a question is NOT CHALLENGED, the Speaker shall say twice: 'The Ayes (or the Noes) have it' and the question before the House shall be determined accordingly.\"<\/i> A division follows only on a <b>CHALLENGE<\/b>, whereupon the Lobby is cleared and, after three minutes and thirty seconds, the question is put a second time and the votes recorded.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 158(1):<\/b> <i>\"Voting shall be by division WHENEVER a motion has to be carried by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting.\"<\/i> No challenge is needed; the division is automatic, because the numbers themselves are the condition of validity.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 158(2)<\/b> completes the point: the Speaker must announce, in terms, that the motion is carried by both majorities.<br><br>\r\n<b>The two routes to a division, therefore:<\/b> <b>ON CHALLENGE<\/b> in the ordinary case (Rule 367(3)), and <b>AUTOMATICALLY<\/b> wherever a special majority is required (Rule 158(1)). Note also that under <b>Rule 156<\/b> an amendment to a clause of a Constitution amendment Bill needs only a simple majority, so it falls under the first route, not the second.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 255, part: 4, partId: 15,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rule 160\",\r\n    question: \"A petition may be presented by a member to the House with the consent of the Speaker on<br>1. a Bill which has been published in the Gazette on the order of the Speaker, or which has been introduced in the House;<br>2. any matter connected with the business pending before the House;<br>3. any matter of general public interest.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 160:<\/b> <i>\"Petitions may be presented by a Member to the House WITH THE CONSENT OF THE SPEAKER on\u2014 (i) A BILL which has been PUBLISHED UNDER RULE 64 or which has been INTRODUCED in the House; (ii) any matter CONNECTED WITH THE BUSINESS PENDING BEFORE THE HOUSE; and (iii) any matter of GENERAL PUBLIC INTEREST provided that it is not one \u2026\"<\/i> (Substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 17.2.2014.)<br><br>\r\n<b>Clause (i) is worth reading twice.<\/b> A petition may be presented on a Bill <b>PUBLISHED UNDER RULE 64<\/b> \u2014 that is, a Bill published in the Gazette on the Speaker's order <b>BEFORE<\/b> any motion for leave to introduce it has been made. Publication therefore opens a Bill to public petition even before it is introduced, which is the practical link between Rules 64 and 160.<br><br>\r\n<b>Clause (iii) is a residuary category hedged by four exclusions<\/b> \u2014 matters within the cognizance of a court, a court of enquiry, a statutory tribunal or authority, a quasi-judicial body or a commission; matters which should ordinarily be raised in a State Legislature; matters which can be raised on a substantive motion or resolution; and matters for which a remedy is available under the law, including rules, regulations and bye-laws.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 160A<\/b> adds the one financial condition: a petition dealing with the Article 110(1)(a)\u2013(f) matters, or involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund, cannot be presented unless <b>RECOMMENDED BY THE PRESIDENT<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 256, part: 4, partId: 16,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rule 160(iii)\",\r\n    question: \"A petition on a matter of general public interest shall NOT be presented if it is one\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"which falls within the cognizance of a court of law having jurisdiction in any part of India, or a court of enquiry, or a statutory tribunal or authority, or a quasi-judicial body, or a commission\",\r\n      \"which relates to a Bill published in the Gazette on the order of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"which is connected with the business pending before the House\",\r\n      \"which has been countersigned by the member presenting it\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 160(iii)(a):<\/b> a petition on a matter of general public interest is admissible <i>\"PROVIDED THAT IT IS NOT ONE:\u2014 (a) WHICH FALLS WITHIN THE COGNIZANCE OF A COURT OF LAW HAVING JURISDICTION IN ANY PART OF INDIA OR A COURT OF ENQUIRY OR A STATUTORY TRIBUNAL OR AUTHORITY OR A QUASI-JUDICIAL BODY, OR A COMMISSION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The four exclusions in Rule 160(iii), in full:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>(a)<\/b> within the cognizance of a court of law, a court of enquiry, a statutory tribunal or authority, a quasi-judicial body or a commission;<br>\r\n<b>(b)<\/b> which should <b>ORDINARILY BE RAISED IN A STATE LEGISLATURE<\/b>;<br>\r\n<b>(c)<\/b> which can be raised on a <b>SUBSTANTIVE MOTION OR RESOLUTION<\/b>;<br>\r\n<b>(d)<\/b> for which a <b>REMEDY IS AVAILABLE UNDER THE LAW<\/b>, including rules, regulations and bye-laws made by the Government of India or by an authority to whom the power to make them is delegated.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note how much wider clause (a) is than the sub-judice bars elsewhere.<\/b> <b>Rule 41(2)(xviii)<\/b> bars a question on a matter under adjudication by a <b>COURT OF LAW<\/b> only; <b>Rule 173(v)<\/b> does the same for resolutions. Clause (a) here sweeps in courts of enquiry, statutory tribunals and authorities, quasi-judicial bodies and commissions as well \u2014 and, unlike Rules 59 and 175, it carries <b>NO PROVISO<\/b> letting the Speaker allow procedure or stage of enquiry to be raised.<br><br>\r\nOptions (b) and (c) invert clauses (i) and (ii), which are grounds of <b>ADMISSIBILITY<\/b>, not exclusion.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 257, part: 4, partId: 17,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rule 160(iii)(c) and (d)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding a petition on a matter of general public interest:<br>1. It shall not be one which can be raised on a substantive motion or resolution.<br>2. It shall not be one for which a remedy is available under the law, including rules, regulations and bye-laws made by the Government of India.<br>3. It shall not be one which should ordinarily be raised in a State Legislature.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three are exclusions in <b>Rule 160(iii)<\/b> \u2014 clauses (c), (d) and (b) respectively:<br>\r\n<i>\"(b) which should ordinarily be raised in a State Legislature;<br>\r\n(c) which can be raised on a substantive motion or resolution; or<br>\r\n(d) for which remedy is available under the law, including rules, regulations, bye-laws made by the Government of India or an authority to whom power to make such rules, regulations, etc. is delegated.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The three exclusions rest on one principle \u2014 a petition is a LAST RESORT.<\/b> If the matter belongs to a State Legislature, or can be raised by a motion or resolution in this House, or has a legal remedy, the petition route is closed.<br><br>\r\n<b>Clause (c) belongs to a family running through the Rules \u2014 the anti-circumvention provisions:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 58(viii)<\/b> \u2014 an adjournment motion shall not raise any question which can only be raised on a distinct motion by written notice to the Secretary-General.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 41(2)(x)<\/b> \u2014 a question shall not reflect on the conduct of persons whose conduct can only be challenged on a substantive motion.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 160(iii)(c)<\/b> \u2014 a petition shall not raise what a substantive motion or resolution can raise.<br><br>\r\n<b>Clause (b) is a federal limitation<\/b>, matching <b>Rule 41(2)(viii)<\/b> for questions and <b>Rule 58(iii)<\/b> for adjournment motions.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 258, part: 4, partId: 18,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rule 161(2) and (3)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the form of a petition:<br>1. Every petition shall be couched in respectful, decorous and temperate language.<br>2. Every petition shall be either in Hindi or in English.<br>3. A petition made in any other Indian language shall be accompanied by a translation either in Hindi or in English, signed by the petitioner.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 161(2):<\/b> <i>\"Every petition shall be couched in RESPECTFUL, DECOROUS AND TEMPERATE LANGUAGE.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 161(3):<\/b> <i>\"Every petition shall be EITHER IN HINDI OR IN ENGLISH. If any petition in any other Indian language is made, it shall be ACCOMPANIED BY A TRANSLATION either in Hindi or in English, and SIGNED BY THE PETITIONER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote that the translation must be signed by the <b>PETITIONER<\/b>. And under <b>Rule 164(1)<\/b>, where a petition is in an Indian language other than Hindi or English, <b>the translation must ALSO be countersigned by the MEMBER presenting it<\/b> \u2014 so the translation carries two signatures.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 161(1)<\/b> completes the rule: <i>\"The GENERAL FORM OF PETITION SET OUT IN THE FIRST SCHEDULE, with such variations as the circumstances of each case require, MAY BE USED, and, IF USED, SHALL BE SUFFICIENT.\"<\/i> \u2014 note the permissive \"may\": the First Schedule form is a safe harbour, not a compulsion.<br><br>\r\n<b>The requirement of respectful and temperate language belongs to a family that runs through the Rules:<\/b> <b>Rule 173(iii)<\/b> \u2014 a resolution shall not contain arguments, ironical expressions, imputations or defamatory statements; <b>Rule 186(ii)<\/b> \u2014 the same for motions; <b>Rule 41(2)(iv)<\/b> \u2014 the same for questions; <b>Rule 353<\/b> \u2014 restrictions on allegations.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 259, part: 4, partId: 19,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rule 161(1)\",\r\n    question: \"The general form of petition set out in the First Schedule\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"must be used in every case, and any departure renders the petition inadmissible\",\r\n      \"may be used with such variations as the circumstances of each case require, and if used shall be sufficient\",\r\n      \"may be used only with the previous permission of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"applies only to petitions relating to Bills\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 161(1):<\/b> <i>\"The general form of petition SET OUT IN THE FIRST SCHEDULE, WITH SUCH VARIATIONS AS THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF EACH CASE REQUIRE, MAY BE USED, and, IF USED, SHALL BE SUFFICIENT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo things follow from the drafting, and option (a) fails on both: the form is <b>PERMISSIVE<\/b> (\"may be used\"), and it admits <b>VARIATIONS<\/b> as circumstances require. What the rule guarantees is that a petition in the Schedule form cannot be rejected for want of form \u2014 <i>\"if used, SHALL BE SUFFICIENT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The Schedules to the Rules, for reference:<\/b> the <b>FIRST SCHEDULE<\/b> carries the form of petition; the <b>SECOND SCHEDULE<\/b> the forms relating to Bills; the <b>THIRD SCHEDULE<\/b> the form of intimation of a member's arrest, detention or conviction under Rule 229; the <b>FOURTH<\/b> and <b>FIFTH SCHEDULES<\/b> relate to the Departmentally Related Standing Committees (Rule 331C and Rule 331J).<br><br>\r\n<b>What IS mandatory in Chapter XII<\/b> is everything else: respectful, decorous and temperate language (161(2)); Hindi or English, with a signed translation otherwise (161(3)); full name and address of every signatory, authenticated by signature or thumb impression (162(1)); no letters, affidavits or documents attached (163); countersignature by the member presenting it (164(1)); addressed to the House and concluding with a prayer (165).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 260, part: 4, partId: 20,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rule 162(1)\",\r\n    question: \"The full name and address of every signatory to a petition shall be set out therein and shall be authenticated by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the member presenting the petition\",\r\n      \"the petitioner's signature, and if illiterate by the petitioner's thumb impression\",\r\n      \"an affidavit sworn before a magistrate\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 162(1):<\/b> <i>\"The FULL NAME AND ADDRESS of every signatory to a petition shall be set out therein and shall be AUTHENTICATED BY THE PETITIONER'S SIGNATURE, AND IF ILLITERATE BY THE PETITIONER'S THUMB IMPRESSION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule requires three things of every signatory \u2014 <b>FULL NAME<\/b>, <b>ADDRESS<\/b>, and <b>AUTHENTICATION<\/b> by signature or, for an illiterate petitioner, thumb impression.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (c) is expressly barred by the next rule. Rule 163:<\/b> <i>\"LETTERS, AFFIDAVITS OR OTHER DOCUMENTS SHALL NOT BE ATTACHED TO ANY PETITION.\"<\/i> A petition must stand on its own text.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 162(2)<\/b> governs a multi-signatory petition, and has been amended for the online age: <i>\"Where there is MORE THAN ONE SIGNATORY to a petition, AT LEAST ONE PERSON SHALL SIGN, or affix thumb impression if such person is illiterate, ON THE SHEET ON WHICH THE PETITION IS INSCRIBED. If signatures or thumb impressions are affixed to MORE THAN ONE SHEET, THE PRAYER OF THE PETITION SHALL BE REPEATED AT THE HEAD OF EACH SHEET. WHERE THE PETITION IS MADE ONLINE THROUGH MEMBERS' PORTAL, IT MAY REFLECT THE SIGNATURE OR THUMB IMPRESSION OF THE PETITIONER, as the case may be.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe requirement that the <b>PRAYER BE REPEATED AT THE HEAD OF EACH SHEET<\/b> exists so that no one signs a bare sheet without knowing what he is asking for.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 261, part: 4, partId: 21,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rule 162(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Where signatures or thumb impressions to a petition are affixed to more than one sheet,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"each sheet shall be separately countersigned by the member presenting the petition\",\r\n      \"the prayer of the petition shall be repeated at the head of each sheet\",\r\n      \"each sheet shall bear the full text of the petition\",\r\n      \"the sheets shall be attested by a notary\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the prayer of the petition shall be repeated at the head of each sheet.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 162(2):<\/b> <i>\"Where there is more than one signatory to a petition, at least one person shall sign, or affix thumb impression if such person is illiterate, on the sheet on which the petition is inscribed. IF SIGNATURES OR THUMB IMPRESSIONS ARE AFFIXED TO MORE THAN ONE SHEET, THE PRAYER OF THE PETITION SHALL BE REPEATED AT THE HEAD OF EACH SHEET.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the precision: it is the <b>PRAYER<\/b> that must be repeated, not the whole petition \u2014 which disposes of option (c). The purpose is to ensure that every signatory has the object of the petition in front of him.<br><br>\r\n<b>The sub-rule has two other limbs worth carrying:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>AT LEAST ONE PERSON<\/b> must sign on the sheet on which the petition itself is inscribed \u2014 so the text and at least one signature are always on the same page.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>THE ONLINE ROUTE:<\/b> <i>\"Where the petition is made ONLINE THROUGH MEMBERS' PORTAL, it may reflect the signature or thumb impression of the petitioner, as the case may be.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 165<\/b> tells you what the prayer must contain: <i>\"Every petition shall be ADDRESSED TO THE HOUSE and shall CONCLUDE WITH A PRAYER RECITING THE DEFINITE OBJECT OF THE PETITIONER in regard to the matter to which it relates.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 262, part: 4, partId: 22,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rule 163\",\r\n    question: \"With regard to a petition presented to the Lok Sabha, which one of the following is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"letters, affidavits or other documents shall not be attached to any petition\",\r\n      \"only affidavits sworn before a magistrate may be attached to a petition\",\r\n      \"documents may be attached to a petition with the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"documents may be attached to a petition if countersigned by the member presenting it\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) letters, affidavits or other documents shall not be attached to any petition.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 163:<\/b> <i>\"LETTERS, AFFIDAVITS OR OTHER DOCUMENTS SHALL NOT BE ATTACHED TO ANY PETITION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOne of the shortest rules in the book, and <b>ABSOLUTE<\/b> \u2014 there is no proviso, no permission of the Speaker, and no exception for documents that are countersigned. A petition must be self-contained.<br><br>\r\nThe rule works with <b>Rule 165<\/b>, under which every petition <i>\"shall be addressed to the House and shall conclude with a prayer RECITING THE DEFINITE OBJECT of the petitioner\"<\/i>. The petition is a single, self-contained prayer, not a case file. What the House receives must be readable on its face.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the requirement that a DOCUMENT be supplied elsewhere in the Rules:<\/b> <b>Rule 223<\/b> \u2014 where a question of privilege is based on a document, <i>\"the notice shall be ACCOMPANIED BY THE DOCUMENT.\"<\/i> There the document is essential to the House's decision; here it would only clutter it.<br><br>\r\n<b>What happens to the petition next \u2014 Rule 169:<\/b> <i>\"Every petition shall, AFTER PRESENTATION BY A MEMBER STAND REFERRED TO THE COMMITTEE ON PETITIONS.\"<\/i> (Substituted 17.2.2014.) Any supporting material can be placed before that Committee, which under Rules 269 and 270 has power to send for persons, papers and records.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 263, part: 4, partId: 23,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rule 164(1)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 164(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, every petition presented to the House shall be countersigned by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the member presenting it\",\r\n      \"the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"the Chairperson of the Committee on Petitions\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the member presenting it.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 164(1):<\/b> <i>\"Every petition shall be COUNTERSIGNED BY A MEMBER PRESENTING IT. If a petition is made in any Indian language other than Hindi or English, ITS TRANSLATION IN HINDI OR ENGLISH SHALL ALSO BE COUNTERSIGNED by the member presenting it.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Its two provisos deal with the online route<\/b>, both inserted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 02.8.2017:<br>\r\n<i>\"Provided that the petition submitted ONLINE THROUGH MEMBERS' PORTAL shall be DEEMED TO BE COUNTERSIGNED by the member: Provided further that the member may have the OPTION TO COUNTERSIGN THE PETITION AND UPLOAD A SCANNED COPY thereof.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe countersignature is the member's certificate that he has satisfied himself the petition is fit to come before the House. It is what makes him answerable for it \u2014 and it is the reason for <b>Rule 164(2):<\/b> <i>\"A MEMBER SHALL NOT PRESENT ONE'S OWN PETITION.\"<\/i> A person cannot both petition and vouch for the petition.<br><br>\r\n<b>The steps in order:<\/b> the petitioner signs (162(1)) \u2192 the member countersigns (164(1)) \u2192 the member gives <b>ADVANCE INTIMATION<\/b> to the Secretary-General (166) \u2192 the petition is presented, with the <b>SPEAKER's CONSENT<\/b> (160) and <b>NO DEBATE<\/b> (167) \u2192 it stands referred to the Committee on Petitions (169).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 264, part: 4, partId: 24,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rule 164(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Under the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a member\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"may present his own petition with the consent of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"may present his own petition if it is countersigned by another member\",\r\n      \"shall not present his own petition\",\r\n      \"may present his own petition only through the Committee on Petitions\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) shall not present his own petition.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 164(2):<\/b> <i>\"A MEMBER SHALL NOT PRESENT ONE'S OWN PETITION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe bar is absolute and admits no consent or countersignature. It follows from <b>Rule 164(1)<\/b>: the member presenting a petition must <b>COUNTERSIGN<\/b> it, and a person cannot certify his own prayer. The member's countersignature is meant to be an independent check that the petition is fit to be laid before the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same principle of not being judge in one's own cause appears elsewhere in the Rules:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 7(2)<\/b> and <b>Rule 8(2)<\/b> \u2014 a member shall not propose his own name for Speaker or Deputy Speaker, nor second a motion proposing his own name.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 255<\/b> \u2014 a member's inclusion in a Committee may be objected to on the ground of personal, pecuniary or direct interest, and the Speaker's decision is final.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 166<\/b> adds the procedural step before presentation: <i>\"A member shall give ADVANCE INTIMATION TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL of one's intention to present a petition.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 167:<\/b> <i>\"A petition may be presented by a member to the House. NO DEBATE SHALL BE PERMITTED ON THE PRESENTATION OF A PETITION.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 265, part: 4, partId: 25,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rule 165\",\r\n    question: \"Every petition shall be addressed to the House and shall conclude with\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a list of the documents relied upon\",\r\n      \"a prayer reciting the definite object of the petitioner in regard to the matter to which it relates\",\r\n      \"an undertaking that the petitioner will abide by the decision of the House\",\r\n      \"the countersignature of the Secretary-General\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 165:<\/b> <i>\"Every petition shall be ADDRESSED TO THE HOUSE and shall CONCLUDE WITH A PRAYER RECITING THE DEFINITE OBJECT OF THE PETITIONER IN REGARD TO THE MATTER TO WHICH IT RELATES.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Two requirements, and both are examinable:<\/b> the petition is addressed to the <b>HOUSE<\/b> \u2014 not to the Speaker, not to a Minister \u2014 and it must end with a <b>PRAYER<\/b> reciting a <b>DEFINITE OBJECT<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nThe word \"definite\" does real work. A petition that merely complains, without asking the House for anything specific, does not comply. The same insistence on definiteness runs through the Rules \u2014 <b>Rule 173(ii)<\/b> requires a resolution to raise <i>\"substantially ONE DEFINITE ISSUE\"<\/i>; <b>Rule 186(i)<\/b> the same for a motion; <b>Rule 56<\/b> confines an adjournment motion to <i>\"a DEFINITE matter of urgent public importance.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Option (a) is barred by Rule 163<\/b>, under which letters, affidavits or other documents shall not be attached to any petition.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 168<\/b> shows how the prayer reaches the House \u2014 the member presenting it <i>\"shall confine to making of a statement in the following form:\u2014 'Madam\/Sir, I beg to present a petition signed by \u2026 petitioner(s) regarding \u2026' and NO DEBATE SHALL BE PERMITTED ON THIS STATEMENT.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 266, part: 4, partId: 26,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rule 166\",\r\n    question: \"Before presenting a petition, a member shall give advance intimation of his intention to do so to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Committee on Petitions\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"the Minister concerned\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the Secretary-General.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 166:<\/b> <i>\"A member shall give ADVANCE INTIMATION TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL of one's intention to present a petition.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote that the rule fixes <b>NO PERIOD<\/b> \u2014 it says only \"advance intimation\". Contrast the precise notice periods elsewhere: fifteen clear days for a question (Rule 33), one month for a private member's Bill (Rule 65(3)), three days for a Half-an-Hour Discussion (Rule 55(2)), two days before the ballot for a resolution (Rule 170), by 10.00 hours for an adjournment motion (Rule 57).<br><br>\r\n<b>Keep the two functionaries apart, because both appear in Chapter XII:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>SPEAKER<\/b> \u2014 his <b>CONSENT<\/b> is the gateway to presenting a petition at all (Rule 160).<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b> \u2014 receives the <b>ADVANCE INTIMATION<\/b> (Rule 166).<br>\r\nThis is the same division that runs through the Rules: the Speaker decides, the Secretary-General receives \u2014 Rules 3, 7(1), 8(1), 25, 31(1), 34(1), 57, 185, 193, 200, 223.<br><br>\r\n<b>What follows presentation \u2014 Rule 169:<\/b> <i>\"Every petition shall, after presentation by a member STAND REFERRED TO THE COMMITTEE ON PETITIONS.\"<\/i> The reference is automatic. For the Committee itself, see <b>Rules 306 to 307A<\/b> in Chapter XXVI.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 267, part: 4, partId: 27,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rule 167\",\r\n    question: \"When a member presents a petition to the Lok Sabha, what is the position with regard to debate on it?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a short debate not exceeding half an hour may be allowed\",\r\n      \"the Minister concerned shall make a statement in reply\",\r\n      \"no debate shall be permitted\",\r\n      \"any member may ask a clarificatory question with the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) no debate shall be permitted.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 167:<\/b> <i>\"A petition may be presented by a member to the House. NO DEBATE SHALL BE PERMITTED ON THE PRESENTATION OF A PETITION.\"<\/i> (Substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 17.2.2014.)<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 168<\/b> reinforces the bar by prescribing exactly what may be said: <i>\"A member presenting a petition SHALL CONFINE TO MAKING OF A STATEMENT IN THE FOLLOWING FORM:\u2014 'Madam\/Sir, I beg to present a petition signed by \u2026 petitioner(s) regarding \u2026' and NO DEBATE SHALL BE PERMITTED ON THIS STATEMENT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo the bar on debate is imposed <b>TWICE<\/b> \u2014 once on the presentation (167) and again on the statement made in presenting it (168). The member reads a single sentence and sits down.<br><br>\r\n<b>The reason is that the House is not the forum for examining the petition.<\/b> Under <b>Rule 169<\/b> every petition, on presentation, <b>STANDS REFERRED TO THE COMMITTEE ON PETITIONS<\/b>, and it is there that it is examined. <b>Rule 307<\/b> sets out that Committee's functions \u2014 to examine every petition referred to it, and if the petition complies with the rules, to direct that it be circulated in extenso or in summary form.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the other \"no debate\" devices:<\/b> <b>Rule 197(2)<\/b> \u2014 no debate on a Calling Attention statement, only clarificatory questions; <b>Rule 55(5)<\/b> and <b>Rule 195<\/b> \u2014 no formal motion and no voting; <b>Rule 279(2)<\/b> \u2014 remarks on presenting a Committee report confined to a brief statement of fact.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 268, part: 4, partId: 28,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rule 168\",\r\n    question: \"A member presenting a petition shall confine himself to making a statement in the form prescribed by the rules. That statement\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"may be followed by a brief explanation of the petitioner's grievance\",\r\n      \"shall not be open to any debate\",\r\n      \"shall be read out in full, including the prayer\",\r\n      \"shall be laid on the Table instead of being read\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) shall not be open to any debate.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 168:<\/b> <i>\"A member presenting a petition shall confine to making of a statement in the following form:\u2014 'Madam\/Sir, I beg to present a petition signed by \u2026 petitioner(s) regarding \u2026' AND NO DEBATE SHALL BE PERMITTED ON THIS STATEMENT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote how tightly the form is drawn. The member states three things and nothing more \u2014 that he begs to present a petition, the <b>NUMBER OF PETITIONERS<\/b>, and the <b>SUBJECT<\/b> (\"regarding \u2026\"). He does not read the prayer, does not explain the grievance, and does not argue it. Options (a) and (c) both go beyond what the form permits.<br><br>\r\n<b>This is one of the few places in the Rules where the exact WORDS to be spoken are prescribed.<\/b> The others are worth knowing as a set: <b>Rule 85(1)<\/b> and <b>Rules 88, 90, 92<\/b> \u2014 \"That this clause (or schedule) do stand part of the Bill\"; <b>Rule 367(1)-(2)<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker's \"I think the Ayes have it\"; <b>Rule 96(2)<\/b> and the proviso \u2014 the certificates on a Bill transmitted to the Council; <b>Rule 154<\/b> \u2014 the form of authentication of a Bill passed again; <b>Rule 240(1)<\/b> \u2014 the form of a member's letter of resignation.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 169<\/b> then does the real work: <i>\"Every petition shall, after presentation by a member stand referred to the COMMITTEE ON PETITIONS.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 269, part: 4, partId: 29,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rule 169\",\r\n    question: \"Every petition presented to the House shall, after presentation by a member,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"be laid on the Table\",\r\n      \"be forwarded to the Minister concerned\",\r\n      \"stand referred to the Committee on Petitions\",\r\n      \"be published in the Bulletin\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) stand referred to the Committee on Petitions.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 169:<\/b> <i>\"Every petition shall, after presentation by a member STAND REFERRED TO THE COMMITTEE ON PETITIONS.\"<\/i> (Substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 17.2.2014.)<br><br>\r\nThe words <b>\"STAND REFERRED\"<\/b> make the reference <b>AUTOMATIC<\/b> \u2014 no motion, no order of the House, no direction of the Speaker. The same technique is used in <b>Rule 243<\/b> (all applications for leave of absence stand referred to the Committee on Absence of Members) and in the first proviso to <b>Rule 110<\/b> (notice of a motion to withdraw a Bill before a Committee automatically stands referred to that Committee).<br><br>\r\n<b>The chapter closes with a cross-reference:<\/b> <i>\"[For rules relating to Committee on Petitions, See CHAPTER XXVI of these rules.]\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>What that Committee does \u2014 Rules 306 to 307A:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 306<\/b> \u2014 the Committee consists of <b>NOT LESS THAN FIFTEEN<\/b> members nominated by the Speaker. It is the <b>ONLY<\/b> Committee in Chapter XXVI drafted as a <b>FLOOR<\/b> rather than a ceiling; the rest read \"not more than fifteen\", and the Absence and Rules Committees a flat \"fifteen\".<br>\r\n<b>Rule 307<\/b> \u2014 its functions: to examine every petition referred to it and, if the petition complies with the rules, to direct that it be circulated in extenso or in summary form; and to report to the House on specific complaints made in the petition after taking such evidence as it thinks fit.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 270, part: 4, partId: 30,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rule 160A and first proviso to Rule 74\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. A petition dealing with the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (f) of clause (1) of article 110 cannot be presented unless recommended by the President.<br>2. A motion for the reference of a Bill to a Joint Committee cannot be made where the Bill contains only provisions dealing with the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (g) of clause (1) of article 110.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 160A:<\/b> <i>\"A petition, dealing with any of the matters specified in SUB-CLAUSES (a) TO (f) of clause (1) of article 110 or involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India, shall not be presented to the House unless recommended by the President.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>First proviso to Rule 74:<\/b> no motion for reference to a Joint Committee shall be made <i>\"if it contains only provisions dealing with all or any of the matters specified in SUB-CLAUSES (a) TO (g) of clause (1) of article 110 of the Constitution.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The one-letter difference is deliberate, and it is the point of the question.<\/b> Sub-clause <b>(g)<\/b> of Article 110(1) is the residuary limb \u2014 <i>\"any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (f).\"<\/i><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 74<\/b> uses <b>(a) to (g)<\/b> because it is identifying a <b>MONEY BILL<\/b>, and Article 110(1) defines one by reference to all seven sub-clauses.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 160A<\/b> stops at <b>(f)<\/b>, and adds its own second limb \u2014 <i>\"or involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India\"<\/i> \u2014 which does the work sub-clause (g) would otherwise do.<br><br>\r\n<b>Both rules serve the same principle<\/b>, that no financial proposal reaches the House except on the President's recommendation \u2014 <b>Article 117(1)<\/b> for Bills and amendments, <b>Article 117(3)<\/b> for expenditure, <b>Rule 65(2)<\/b> and <b>Rule 81<\/b> for the channel <i>\"conveyed through a Minister\"<\/i>, and <b>Rules 68 and 82<\/b> for the communication of the President's order to the Secretary-General.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 271, part: 4, partId: 31,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rules 160\u2013169\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to petitions?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Every petition shall be countersigned by the member presenting it\",\r\n      \"A member may present his own petition with the consent of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"Letters, affidavits or other documents shall not be attached to any petition\",\r\n      \"No debate shall be permitted on the presentation of a petition\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 164(2):<\/b> <i>\"A MEMBER SHALL NOT PRESENT ONE'S OWN PETITION.\"<\/i> The bar is absolute; the Speaker's consent cannot cure it. The Speaker's consent under <b>Rule 160<\/b> is the gateway to presenting <b>A<\/b> petition \u2014 it is not a dispensation from Rule 164(2).<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 164(1)<\/b> \u2014 every petition shall be countersigned by the member presenting it, with two provisos for the online route through the Members' Portal (A \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>Rule 163<\/b> \u2014 letters, affidavits or other documents shall not be attached to any petition (C \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>Rule 167<\/b> \u2014 no debate shall be permitted on the presentation of a petition, reinforced by <b>Rule 168<\/b> for the statement made in presenting it (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>The logic of Rule 164(2) is the countersignature.<\/b> Under Rule 164(1) the presenting member must countersign, and the countersignature is his independent certificate that the petition is fit to come before the House. A petitioner cannot certify himself \u2014 the same principle that bars a member from proposing or seconding his own name for Speaker under the proviso to Rule 7(2).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 272, part: 4, partId: 32,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rules 160, 164, 166, 169\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following pairs relating to petitions:<br>1. Consent for presenting a petition \u2014 the Speaker<br>2. Advance intimation of intention to present a petition \u2014 the Secretary-General<br>3. Countersignature of a petition \u2014 the member presenting it<br>4. Reference of a petition after presentation \u2014 the Committee on Petitions<br>Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 160<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"Petitions may be presented by a Member to the House WITH THE CONSENT OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<b>Rule 166<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"A member shall give advance intimation to the SECRETARY-GENERAL of one's intention to present a petition.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<b>Rule 164(1)<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"Every petition shall be countersigned by A MEMBER PRESENTING IT.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br>\r\n<b>Rule 169<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"Every petition shall, after presentation by a member STAND REFERRED TO THE COMMITTEE ON PETITIONS.\"<\/i> (4 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>The whole life of a petition, in order \u2014 and every question on this chapter is a test of this sequence:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>1.<\/b> Drafted in respectful, decorous and temperate language, in Hindi or English, in the First Schedule form if desired (161).<br>\r\n<b>2.<\/b> Signed by the petitioners with full names and addresses; the prayer repeated at the head of each sheet where there are several (162).<br>\r\n<b>3.<\/b> No letters, affidavits or documents attached (163).<br>\r\n<b>4.<\/b> Countersigned by the member \u2014 who may not be the petitioner himself (164).<br>\r\n<b>5.<\/b> Addressed to the House, concluding with a prayer reciting a definite object (165).<br>\r\n<b>6.<\/b> Advance intimation to the Secretary-General (166).<br>\r\n<b>7.<\/b> Presented with the Speaker's consent, in the prescribed form, with no debate (160, 167, 168).<br>\r\n<b>8.<\/b> Stands referred to the Committee on Petitions (169).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 273, part: 4, partId: 33,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rules 162(2) and 164(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding a petition submitted online through the Members' Portal:<br>1. It may reflect the signature or thumb impression of the petitioner.<br>2. It shall be deemed to be countersigned by the member.<br>3. The member may have the option to countersign the petition and upload a scanned copy thereof.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 162(2):<\/b> <i>\"Where the petition is made ONLINE THROUGH MEMBERS' PORTAL, IT MAY REFLECT THE SIGNATURE OR THUMB IMPRESSION OF THE PETITIONER, as the case may be.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statements 2 and 3 \u2014 the two provisos to Rule 164(1)<\/b>, both inserted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 02.8.2017: <i>\"Provided that the petition submitted online through Members' Portal SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE COUNTERSIGNED BY THE MEMBER: Provided further that the MEMBER MAY HAVE THE OPTION TO COUNTERSIGN THE PETITION AND UPLOAD A SCANNED COPY thereof.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two provisos work together and are not alternatives to be chosen between.<\/b> The first supplies a <b>DEEMING<\/b> \u2014 an online submission is treated as countersigned, so nothing is invalid for want of a physical signature. The second preserves an <b>OPTION<\/b> \u2014 a member who prefers to sign may do so and upload the scan.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the amendment history of this chapter, which shows it being modernised in two stages:<\/b> Rules 160, 167 and 169 were substituted on <b>17.2.2014<\/b>; Rule 164(1) and its provisos on <b>02.8.2017<\/b>. Rule 162(2)'s online sentence belongs to the same programme.<br><br>\r\nWhat has NOT been relaxed is <b>Rule 164(2)<\/b> \u2014 a member still may not present his own petition, online or otherwise.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 274, part: 4, partId: 34,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rules 160(iii)(a), 41(2)(xviii), 173(v)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. A petition on a matter of general public interest shall not be one which falls within the cognizance of a statutory tribunal or a commission.<br>2. A question shall not relate to a matter which is under adjudication by a court of law having jurisdiction in any part of India.<br>3. A resolution shall not relate to any matter which is under adjudication by a court of law having jurisdiction in any part of India.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 160(iii)(a):<\/b> a petition on a matter of general public interest must not be one <i>\"which falls within the cognizance of a COURT OF LAW having jurisdiction in any part of India or a COURT OF ENQUIRY or a STATUTORY TRIBUNAL OR AUTHORITY or a QUASI-JUDICIAL BODY, or a COMMISSION.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 41(2)(xviii)<\/b> and <b>Statement 3 \u2014 Rule 173(v)<\/b>: in each case the bar is on a matter <i>\"under adjudication by a COURT OF LAW having jurisdiction in any part of India.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>But note how differently the three are drawn, and this is the point worth carrying:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>PETITIONS \u2014 Rule 160(iii)(a)<\/b>: the widest bar of the three, reaching courts, courts of enquiry, statutory tribunals and authorities, quasi-judicial bodies and commissions \u2014 and with <b>NO PROVISO<\/b> permitting anything to be raised.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>QUESTIONS and RESOLUTIONS \u2014 Rules 41(2)(xviii) and 173(v)<\/b>: an <b>ABSOLUTE<\/b> bar, but confined to <b>COURTS OF LAW<\/b>.<br>\r\n\u2022 For <b>TRIBUNALS AND COMMISSIONS<\/b>, questions and resolutions get a <b>QUALIFIED<\/b> bar instead \u2014 <b>Rule 41(2)(xxiii)<\/b>, <b>Rule 175<\/b> and <b>Rule 59<\/b> all say such matters shall <i>\"ORDINARILY\"<\/i> not be raised, with a proviso letting the Speaker allow the <b>PROCEDURE OR SUBJECT OR STAGE OF ENQUIRY<\/b> to be raised if it will not prejudice consideration of the matter.<br><br>\r\nSo the sub-judice rules run on two tracks \u2014 absolute for courts, qualified for tribunals \u2014 except in Chapter XII, where both are absolute.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 275, part: 4, partId: 35,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rules 64 and 160(i)\",\r\n    question: \"In respect of which one of the following Bills may a petition be presented to the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"only after the Bill has been passed by the House\",\r\n      \"which has been published in the Gazette on the order of the Speaker, or which has been introduced in the House\",\r\n      \"only after the Bill has been referred to a Select Committee\",\r\n      \"at any stage, including after assent by the President\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 160(i):<\/b> a petition may be presented on <i>\"a Bill WHICH HAS BEEN PUBLISHED UNDER RULE 64 OR WHICH HAS BEEN INTRODUCED IN THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The reference to Rule 64 is the important half.<\/b> <b>Rule 64:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker, on request being made, may order the publication of any Bill \u2026 in the Gazette, ALTHOUGH NO MOTION HAS BEEN MADE FOR LEAVE TO INTRODUCE THE BILL.\"<\/i> So a Bill published under Rule 64 is one that has <b>NOT YET BEEN INTRODUCED<\/b> \u2014 and the public may petition on it at that stage.<br><br>\r\nThat is the practical purpose of pre-introduction publication: it puts the Bill in the public domain early, so that the House can hear from those affected before the legislative process gathers pace. Rule 160(i) gives them the channel.<br><br>\r\n<b>Read the two limbs as marking the window:<\/b> a petition may be presented from <b>PUBLICATION UNDER RULE 64<\/b> at one end, or from <b>INTRODUCTION<\/b> at the other, and it remains available while the Bill is before the House under clause (ii) \u2014 <i>\"any matter connected with the business pending before the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOption (d) is wrong: once the President has assented, the Bill is an Act and is no longer business before the House. The route then would be clause (iii), general public interest \u2014 subject to exclusion (d), a matter for which a remedy is available under the law.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 276, part: 4, partId: 36,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rules 163, 165, 167, 168\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding petitions:<br>1. Every petition shall be addressed to the Speaker.<br>2. No debate shall be permitted on the statement made by a member presenting a petition.<br>3. Letters, affidavits or other documents may be attached to a petition with the permission of the Speaker.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT. Rule 165:<\/b> <i>\"Every petition shall be ADDRESSED TO THE HOUSE and shall conclude with a prayer reciting the definite object of the petitioner.\"<\/i> \u2014 to the <b>HOUSE<\/b>, not the Speaker. The Speaker's role is to give <b>CONSENT<\/b> to its presentation under Rule 160; the petition itself is addressed to the House as a body.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT. Rule 168:<\/b> the member presenting a petition confines himself to the prescribed one-sentence form, <i>\"and NO DEBATE SHALL BE PERMITTED ON THIS STATEMENT.\"<\/i> <b>Rule 167<\/b> imposes the same bar on the presentation itself.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT. Rule 163:<\/b> <i>\"LETTERS, AFFIDAVITS OR OTHER DOCUMENTS SHALL NOT BE ATTACHED TO ANY PETITION.\"<\/i> There is no proviso and no permission of the Speaker.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the addressees across the Rules, because they are a favourite testing ground:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>PETITION<\/b> \u2192 addressed to the <b>HOUSE<\/b> (Rule 165).<br>\r\n<b>RESIGNATION of a member<\/b> \u2192 to the <b>SPEAKER<\/b> (Article 101(3)(b), Rule 240(1)).<br>\r\n<b>RESIGNATION of the Speaker<\/b> \u2192 to the <b>DEPUTY SPEAKER<\/b>; of the Deputy Speaker \u2192 to the Speaker (Article 94(b)).<br>\r\n<b>LEAVE OF ABSENCE<\/b> \u2192 application in writing to the <b>SPEAKER<\/b> (Rule 242(1)).<br>\r\n<b>NOTICES<\/b> of questions, motions, resolutions, privilege and adjournment \u2192 to the <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 277, part: 4, partId: 37,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rule 170\",\r\n    question: \"Members who secure the first three places in the ballot for a day allotted for private members' resolutions shall be eligible to give notice of\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"one resolution each, within two days after the date of the ballot\",\r\n      \"two resolutions each, within two days after the date of the ballot\",\r\n      \"one resolution each, within seven days after the date of the ballot\",\r\n      \"any number of resolutions, in the order of the ballot\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) one resolution each, within two days after the date of the ballot.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 170:<\/b> <i>\"A member other than a Minister who wishes to move a resolution on a day allotted for private members' resolutions, shall give a notice to that effect AT LEAST TWO DAYS BEFORE THE DATE OF BALLOT. The names of all members from whom such notices are received shall be BALLOTED and those members who secure the FIRST THREE PLACES in the ballot for the day allotted for private members' resolutions shall be eligible to give notice of ONE RESOLUTION EACH WITHIN TWO DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF THE BALLOT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>\"Two days\" appears twice in this one rule, on either side of the ballot<\/b> \u2014 two days <b>BEFORE<\/b> for the notice of intention, and two days <b>AFTER<\/b> for the notice of the resolution itself. A question can be set on either, and the earlier PYQ took the first.<br><br>\r\n<b>What is balloted is NAMES, not resolutions<\/b> \u2014 which is why <b>Rule 28<\/b> in Chapter VI reads: <i>\"A BALLOT OF NAMES OF MEMBERS desiring to move a resolution shall be held in accordance with orders made by the Speaker, on such day as the Speaker may direct.\"<\/i> The member does not have a resolution when he enters the ballot; he earns the right to give notice of one.<br><br>\r\n<b>The figure THREE matches Rule 31(4):<\/b> unless the Speaker otherwise directs, <b>not more than three resolutions<\/b> (besides any outstanding under the proviso to Rule 29) are set down in the list of business for such a day. Three places in the ballot, three resolutions in the list.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 278, part: 4, partId: 38,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rule 172\",\r\n    question: \"A resolution relating to a matter of general public interest may be moved by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a private member only\",\r\n      \"a Minister only\",\r\n      \"a member or a Minister\",\r\n      \"a member other than a Minister, with the consent of the Leader of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) a member or a Minister.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 172:<\/b> <i>\"Subject to the provisions of these rules, A MEMBER OR A MINISTER may move a resolution relating to a matter of GENERAL PUBLIC INTEREST.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nResolutions are therefore of two kinds \u2014 <b>PRIVATE MEMBERS' RESOLUTIONS<\/b> and <b>GOVERNMENT RESOLUTIONS<\/b> \u2014 and Rule 172 is the source of both. The distinction matters for timing, not for form:<br>\r\n\u2022 A <b>PRIVATE MEMBER's<\/b> resolution goes through the ballot machinery of <b>Rule 170<\/b> and is taken in the private members' slot under <b>Rule 26<\/b> \u2014 the last two and a half hours of a Friday sitting.<br>\r\n\u2022 A <b>GOVERNMENT<\/b> resolution is taken in Government time, which under <b>Rule 25<\/b> has precedence on the days allotted to it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that Rule 170 opens with \"A member OTHER THAN A MINISTER\"<\/b> \u2014 the ballot applies only to private members. Rule 172 is wider and covers both.<br><br>\r\n<b>The subject-matter limit is \"GENERAL PUBLIC INTEREST\"<\/b>, the same expression used in <b>Rule 160(iii)<\/b> for petitions. It is then narrowed by the five conditions of admissibility in <b>Rule 173<\/b> and by the sub-judice bar in <b>Rule 175<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 279, part: 4, partId: 39,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rule 171\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is NOT among the forms in which a resolution may be moved in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A declaration of opinion, or a recommendation\",\r\n      \"A form so as to record either approval or disapproval by the House of an act or policy of Government\",\r\n      \"A form which calls attention to a matter or situation for consideration by Government\",\r\n      \"A form which seeks to censure the conduct of a Judge of the Supreme Court\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 171:<\/b> <i>\"A resolution may be in the form of a DECLARATION OF OPINION, or a RECOMMENDATION; or may be in the form so as to RECORD EITHER APPROVAL OR DISAPPROVAL BY THE HOUSE OF AN ACT OR POLICY OF GOVERNMENT, or CONVEY A MESSAGE; or COMMEND, URGE OR REQUEST AN ACTION; or CALL ATTENTION TO A MATTER OR SITUATION FOR CONSIDERATION BY GOVERNMENT; or IN SUCH OTHER FORM AS THE SPEAKER MAY CONSIDER APPROPRIATE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule is deliberately open-ended, and its closing words settle any doubt about the form. But <b>option (d) fails on SUBJECT-MATTER, not form.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 173(iv):<\/b> a resolution <i>\"shall NOT REFER TO THE CONDUCT OR CHARACTER OF PERSONS EXCEPT IN THEIR OFFICIAL OR PUBLIC CAPACITY.\"<\/i> And the conduct of a Judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court can be raised only on a <b>SUBSTANTIVE MOTION<\/b> \u2014 the address for removal under <b>Article 124(4)<\/b>, for which the Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968 lays down the machinery.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same protection appears across the Rules:<\/b> <b>Rule 41(2)(x)<\/b> \u2014 a question shall not reflect on the conduct of persons whose conduct can only be challenged on a substantive motion; <b>Rule 186(iii)<\/b> \u2014 the same for motions; <b>Rule 353<\/b> \u2014 restrictions on allegations; <b>Rule 160(iii)(c)<\/b> \u2014 a petition shall not raise what a substantive motion or resolution can raise.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 280, part: 4, partId: 40,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rule 173(iv)\",\r\n    question: \"A resolution shall not refer to the conduct or character of persons\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"except in their official or public capacity\",\r\n      \"unless the Speaker has given previous consent\",\r\n      \"unless the persons concerned have been given an opportunity to be heard\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) except in their official or public capacity.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 173(iv):<\/b> a resolution <i>\"shall not refer to the conduct or character of persons EXCEPT IN THEIR OFFICIAL OR PUBLIC CAPACITY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe bar is not absolute \u2014 a public functionary's <b>PUBLIC<\/b> conduct is legitimately the House's business; his private life is not. Option (a) overstates the rule.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the small variation in wording across the Rules, which is itself examinable:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 173(iv)<\/b> \u2014 resolutions: <i>\"except in their OFFICIAL OR PUBLIC capacity.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 186(iii)<\/b> \u2014 motions: <i>\"except in their PUBLIC capacity.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 41(2)(vi)<\/b> \u2014 questions: conduct only in an official or public capacity.<br><br>\r\n<b>The five conditions of admissibility in Rule 173, in full:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>(i)<\/b> clearly and precisely expressed;<br>\r\n<b>(ii)<\/b> raises substantially <b>ONE DEFINITE ISSUE<\/b>;<br>\r\n<b>(iii)<\/b> <b>NOT<\/b> containing arguments, inferences, ironical expressions, imputations or defamatory statements;<br>\r\n<b>(iv)<\/b> <b>NOT<\/b> referring to the conduct or character of persons except in their official or public capacity;<br>\r\n<b>(v)<\/b> <b>NOT<\/b> relating to any matter under adjudication by a court of law having jurisdiction in any part of India.<br><br>\r\nThree of the five are negatives \u2014 which is why the Commission's favourite construction here is to strip the \"not\" out of one clause and offer it as a condition.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 281, part: 4, partId: 41,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rule 174\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker may disallow a resolution or a part thereof when he is of the opinion that it is\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"an abuse of the right of moving a resolution, or calculated to obstruct or prejudicially affect the procedure of the House, or in contravention of the rules\",\r\n      \"likely to be opposed by the Government\",\r\n      \"of insufficient public importance\",\r\n      \"identical to a resolution moved in the Council of States\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 174:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall decide whether resolution or a part thereof is or is not admissible under these rules and MAY DISALLOW ANY RESOLUTION OR A PART THEREOF when the Speaker is of the opinion that it is AN ABUSE OF THE RIGHT OF MOVING A RESOLUTION or CALCULATED TO OBSTRUCT OR PREJUDICIALLY AFFECT THE PROCEDURE OF THE HOUSE or is IN CONTRAVENTION OF THESE RULES.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Exactly THREE grounds, and only three<\/b> \u2014 and they are the same three that appear in the two sister provisions:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 43(1)<\/b> \u2014 QUESTIONS: an abuse of the right of questioning, or calculated to obstruct or prejudicially affect the procedure of the House, or in contravention of the rules.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 187<\/b> \u2014 MOTIONS: an abuse of the right of moving a motion, or calculated to obstruct or prejudicially affect the procedure of the House, or in contravention of the rules.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 174<\/b> \u2014 RESOLUTIONS, as above.<br><br>\r\nThe 2025 paper set two of these three in one sitting \u2014 Rule 43(1) at Q25 and Rule 187 at Q36 \u2014 so the third is the obvious companion.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note also \"OR A PART THEREOF\"<\/b> in all three rules: the Speaker may disallow part of a resolution and admit the rest. And note that \"likely to be opposed by the Government\" is nowhere a ground \u2014 the Speaker's admissibility decision is independent of the executive.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 282, part: 4, partId: 42,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rule 175\",\r\n    question: \"A resolution which seeks to raise discussion on a matter pending before a statutory tribunal or a commission of enquiry\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall in no circumstances be permitted to be moved\",\r\n      \"may be moved with the consent of the tribunal or commission concerned\",\r\n      \"shall ordinarily not be permitted to be moved, but the Speaker may in his own discretion allow such matter to be raised as is concerned with the procedure or subject or stage of enquiry, if satisfied that it is not likely to prejudice the consideration of the matter\",\r\n      \"may be moved only after the tribunal or commission has submitted its report\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 175:<\/b> <i>\"No resolution which seeks to raise discussion on a matter pending before any statutory tribunal or statutory authority performing any judicial or quasi-judicial functions or any commission or court of enquiry appointed to enquire into, or investigate any matter shall ORDINARILY be permitted to be moved: Provided that the SPEAKER MAY, IN OWN DISCRETION, ALLOW SUCH MATTER BEING RAISED IN THE HOUSE AS IF CONCERNED WITH THE PROCEDURE OR SUBJECT OR STAGE OF ENQUIRY, if the Speaker is satisfied that IT IS NOT LIKELY TO PREJUDICE THE CONSIDERATION of such matter by the statutory tribunal, statutory authority, commission or court of enquiry.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The word \"ORDINARILY\" and the proviso together make this a QUALIFIED bar<\/b>, and the permitted ground is narrowly marked \u2014 <b>PROCEDURE, SUBJECT or STAGE of enquiry<\/b>, never the merits.<br><br>\r\n<b>The identical formula appears three times, and recognising it as a pattern is worth more than learning it three times over:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 41(2)(xxiii)<\/b> \u2014 questions \u00b7 <b>Rule 59<\/b> \u2014 adjournment motions \u00b7 <b>Rule 175<\/b> \u2014 resolutions.<br><br>\r\n<b>Distinguish Rule 173(v)<\/b>, which is <b>ABSOLUTE<\/b>: a resolution <i>\"shall not relate to any matter which is under adjudication by a COURT OF LAW having jurisdiction in any part of India.\"<\/i> Courts of law get an unqualified bar; tribunals and commissions a qualified one. Both bars sit in the same chapter, one rule apart.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 283, part: 4, partId: 43,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rule 176(1)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 176(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a member in whose name a resolution stands on the list of business shall, when called upon and except where he wishes to withdraw it,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"move the resolution, and shall commence his speech by a formal motion in the terms appearing in the list of business\",\r\n      \"read out the full text of the resolution before speaking\",\r\n      \"state the reasons for moving the resolution before the formal motion\",\r\n      \"obtain the leave of the House before moving it\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 176(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member in whose name a resolution stands on the list of business shall, EXCEPT WHEN THAT MEMBER WISHES TO WITHDRAW IT, WHEN CALLED UPON, MOVE THE RESOLUTION, AND SHALL COMMENCE ONE'S OWN SPEECH BY A FORMAL MOTION IN THE TERMS APPEARING IN THE LIST OF BUSINESS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe requirement to <b>COMMENCE WITH THE FORMAL MOTION IN THE TERMS APPEARING IN THE LIST<\/b> ensures the House knows exactly what proposition is before it before any argument begins. The text is already printed; the member reads it as his opening words.<br><br>\r\n<b>The exception points to Rule 180(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member in whose name a resolution stands on the list of business may, WHEN CALLED UPON, WITHDRAW THE RESOLUTION, AND SHALL CONFINE TO MAKING OF A MERE STATEMENT TO THE EFFECT.\"<\/i> \u2014 before moving, he may simply drop it, with a bare statement and nothing more.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 176(2) and (3)<\/b> deal with substitution:<br>\r\n<b>(2)<\/b> \u2014 a member may, <b>WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER<\/b>, authorise any other member <b>IN WHOSE NAME THE SAME RESOLUTION STANDS LOWER IN THE LIST<\/b> to move it on his behalf.<br>\r\n<b>(3)<\/b> \u2014 if a member other than a Minister is <b>ABSENT<\/b> when called on, any other member authorised by him <b>IN WRITING<\/b> may, with the Speaker's permission, move the resolution standing in his name.<br><br>\r\nCompare <b>Rules 7(3) and 8(3)<\/b>, where a member may decline to move a motion for the election of the Speaker but must say so, and there is no equivalent power to authorise a substitute.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 284, part: 4, partId: 44,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rule 176(2)\",\r\n    question: \"A member may, with the permission of the Speaker, authorise another member to move his resolution on his behalf, provided that the other member is one\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"who has seconded the resolution\",\r\n      \"who is a member of the same political party\",\r\n      \"in whose name the same resolution stands lower in the list of business\",\r\n      \"who has secured a place in the ballot for that day\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) in whose name the same resolution stands lower in the list of business.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 176(2):<\/b> <i>\"A member may, WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER, authorise ANY OTHER MEMBER, IN WHOSE NAME THE SAME RESOLUTION STANDS LOWER IN THE LIST OF BUSINESS, to move it on her or his behalf and the member so authorised may move it accordingly.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Two conditions, and both are examinable:<\/b> the <b>SPEAKER's PERMISSION<\/b>, and that the substitute has the <b>SAME RESOLUTION<\/b> standing <b>LOWER IN THE LIST<\/b> in his own name. The substitute is therefore not a stranger to the proposition \u2014 he had given notice of the identical resolution himself and lost his place in the ballot to the first member.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 176(3) covers the different case of ABSENCE:<\/b> <i>\"If a member other than a Minister when called on is ABSENT, any other member AUTHORISED BY THAT MEMBER IN WRITING in her or his behalf may, WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER, move the resolution standing in the name of such member.\"<\/i> \u2014 here the authorisation must be <b>IN WRITING<\/b>, and there is no requirement that the substitute have the same resolution lower in the list.<br><br>\r\n<b>So the two sub-rules cover two situations:<\/b> <b>176(2)<\/b> \u2014 the member is present but wants another to move it, and the substitute must have the same resolution lower down; <b>176(3)<\/b> \u2014 the member is absent, and any member authorised in writing may move it.<br><br>\r\nA previous year's paper set sub-rule (2), where the point was simply that a member <b>CAN<\/b> authorise another.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 285, part: 4, partId: 45,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rule 176(3)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 176(3) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where a member other than a Minister, in whose name a resolution stands, is absent when called on, the resolution may be moved by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"any member present, without any formality\",\r\n      \"any other member authorised by that member in writing, with the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Minister concerned\",\r\n      \"no one; the resolution shall lapse\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 176(3):<\/b> <i>\"If a member other than a Minister when called on is ABSENT, ANY OTHER MEMBER AUTHORISED BY THAT MEMBER IN WRITING in her or his behalf may, WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER, move the resolution standing in the name of such member.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Two requirements:<\/b> a <b>WRITTEN<\/b> authorisation from the absent member, and the <b>SPEAKER's PERMISSION<\/b>. Both must be present \u2014 which disposes of option (a).<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the position with a QUESTION \u2014 Rule 48(3):<\/b> <i>\"If on a question being called it is not asked or the member in whose name it stands is ABSENT, the SPEAKER MAY DIRECT THAT THE ANSWER TO IT BE GIVEN.\"<\/i> There the Speaker acts on his own; no authorisation is needed, because the object is simply to get the information before the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>And contrast a BILL \u2014 the proviso to Rule 76:<\/b> where the member in charge is unable, <i>\"for reasons which the Speaker considers adequate\"<\/i>, to move the next motion, he may authorise another member to move <b>THAT PARTICULAR MOTION<\/b> with the Speaker's approval \u2014 and by the Explanation, <b>he remains the member in charge<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nThree devices, three different solutions to the same problem of absence \u2014 and each has been drafted for its own subject-matter.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 286, part: 4, partId: 46,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rule 177(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Where notice of an amendment to a resolution has not been given one day previous to the day on which the resolution is moved,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the amendment cannot be moved in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"the amendment may be moved only with the consent of the mover of the resolution\",\r\n      \"any member may object to the moving of the amendment, and such objection shall prevail, unless the Speaker allows the amendment to be moved\",\r\n      \"the amendment shall be treated as a separate resolution\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 177(2):<\/b> <i>\"If notice of such amendment has not been given ONE DAY PREVIOUS to the day on which the resolution is moved, ANY MEMBER MAY OBJECT to the moving of the amendment, and SUCH OBJECTION SHALL PREVAIL, UNLESS THE SPEAKER ALLOWS THE AMENDMENT TO BE MOVED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This is word-for-word the structure of Rule 79(1)<\/b>, which governs notice of an amendment to a clause of a Bill: one day's notice, a member's objection, and the Speaker's overriding discretion. The default protects the House's right to read; the Speaker may dispense with it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 177(1):<\/b> <i>\"AFTER A RESOLUTION HAS BEEN MOVED any member may, SUBJECT TO THE RULES RELATING TO RESOLUTIONS, move an amendment to the resolution.\"<\/i> \u2014 note that an amendment lies only <b>AFTER<\/b> the resolution has been moved, and that it must itself satisfy the conditions in Rule 173.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 177(3):<\/b> <i>\"The Secretary-General shall, IF TIME PERMITS, make available to members from time to time LISTS OF AMENDMENTS of which notices have been received.\"<\/i> \u2014 identical in terms to <b>Rule 79(2)<\/b> for Bills.<br><br>\r\n<b>The general conditions for amendments to MOTIONS are in Rule 344<\/b> \u2014 relevance and scope, not merely a negative vote, not inconsistent with a previous decision \u2014 and <b>Rule 346<\/b> gives the Speaker power to select the amendments to be proposed.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 287, part: 4, partId: 47,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rule 177(1)\",\r\n    question: \"At what stage may an amendment to a resolution be moved in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"at any time after notice of the resolution has been given\",\r\n      \"after the resolution has been moved, subject to the rules relating to resolutions\",\r\n      \"only by the member who has given notice of the resolution\",\r\n      \"only with the consent of the Minister concerned\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 177(1):<\/b> <i>\"AFTER A RESOLUTION HAS BEEN MOVED any member may, SUBJECT TO THE RULES RELATING TO RESOLUTIONS, move an amendment to the resolution.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Two limits sit in that one sentence:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>TIMING<\/b> \u2014 the amendment lies only after the resolution has been <b>MOVED<\/b>. Until then there is nothing before the House to amend. Compare <b>Rule 86<\/b> for a Bill: amendments may be moved only <i>\"when a motion that a Bill be taken into consideration has been carried.\"<\/i><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>SUBSTANCE<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"subject to the rules relating to resolutions\"<\/i>, which imports the five conditions in <b>Rule 173<\/b>. An amendment cannot smuggle in what a resolution could not contain: arguments and inferences, references to private conduct, or a sub-judice matter.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that ANY MEMBER may move it<\/b> \u2014 which disposes of option (c). The mover of the resolution has no monopoly, unlike the member in charge of a Bill under <b>Rule 76<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 177(2)<\/b> then requires <b>ONE DAY's<\/b> previous notice, failing which any member may object and the objection prevails unless the Speaker allows the amendment. <b>Rule 180(2)<\/b> governs the exit: a member who has moved a resolution <b>OR AN AMENDMENT<\/b> to one shall not withdraw it <b>EXCEPT BY LEAVE OF THE HOUSE<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 288, part: 4, partId: 48,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 178\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"No speech on a resolution shall, except with the permission of the Speaker, exceed fifteen minutes in duration; but the mover of a resolution when moving the same, and the Minister concerned when speaking for the first time, may speak for :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"fifteen minutes, or such longer time as the Speaker may permit\",\r\n      \"twenty minutes, or such longer time as the Speaker may permit\",\r\n      \"thirty minutes, or such longer time as the Speaker may permit\",\r\n      \"forty-five minutes, or such longer time as the Speaker may permit\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) thirty minutes.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 178:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that THE MOVER OF A RESOLUTION, WHEN MOVING THE SAME AND THE MINISTER CONCERNED WHEN SPEAKING FOR THE FIRST TIME, MAY SPEAK FOR THIRTY MINUTES OR FOR SUCH LONGER TIME AS THE SPEAKER MAY PERMIT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 178<\/b> itself carries the other figure: <i>\"No speech on a resolution shall, EXCEPT WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER, EXCEED FIFTEEN MINUTES in duration.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The rule therefore holds TWO values, and the earlier PYQ took the first.<\/b> Fix both: <b>FIFTEEN<\/b> minutes for an ordinary speech; <b>THIRTY<\/b> for the mover when moving, and for the Minister concerned when speaking for the first time. Both are extendable with the Speaker's permission.<br><br>\r\nNote the precision of the proviso: it is the mover <b>WHEN MOVING<\/b> \u2014 not on any later intervention \u2014 and the Minister <b>WHEN SPEAKING FOR THE FIRST TIME<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The time-limit provisions across the Rules, for contrast:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 21<\/b> \u2014 President's Address: the Speaker <b>MAY<\/b>, if thinks fit, prescribe a limit after taking the sense of the House.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 63<\/b> \u2014 adjournment motion: the Speaker <b>SHALL<\/b> prescribe a limit. Mandatory.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 178<\/b> \u2014 resolutions: <b>15\/30<\/b> minutes, fixed by the rule itself.<br>\r\n<b>Rules 290 and 295<\/b> \u2014 a motion on a Committee report: not more than half an hour in all, and <b>five minutes<\/b> per member.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 289, part: 4, partId: 49,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rule 179\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 179 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the discussion on a resolution in the Lok Sabha is required to be\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"confined to arguments in support of or against the resolution\",\r\n      \"strictly relevant to and within the scope of the resolution\",\r\n      \"of a general character, without reference to details\",\r\n      \"confined to the matters referred to in the notice of the resolution\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) strictly relevant to and within the scope of the resolution.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 179:<\/b> <i>\"The discussion on a resolution shall be STRICTLY RELEVANT TO AND WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THE RESOLUTION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the two limbs \u2014 <b>RELEVANCE<\/b> and <b>SCOPE<\/b> \u2014 and the emphatic <b>\"STRICTLY\"<\/b>. The confinement is tight because a resolution must, under <b>Rule 173(ii)<\/b>, raise <i>\"substantially ONE DEFINITE ISSUE\"<\/i>; a wandering debate would defeat that requirement.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same pairing of relevance and scope governs AMENDMENTS \u2014 Rule 344(1):<\/b> <i>\"An amendment shall be RELEVANT TO, AND WITHIN THE SCOPE OF, the motion to which it is proposed.\"<\/i> And <b>Rule 177(1)<\/b> makes an amendment to a resolution <i>\"subject to the rules relating to resolutions\"<\/i>, so both provisions bite.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (a) states Rule 94<\/b>, the scope of debate on a motion for the passing of a Bill: <i>\"confined to the submission of arguments either in support of the Bill or for the rejection of the Bill.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Option (c) borrows from Rule 75(1)<\/b>, the general debate on a Bill after introduction.<br><br>\r\n<b>The general rule of relevance for all debate is Rule 349<\/b>, among the rules of parliamentary etiquette, and <b>Rule 356<\/b> empowers the Speaker to direct a member who persists in irrelevance or repetition to discontinue his speech.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 290, part: 4, partId: 50,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rule 180(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 180(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a member in whose name a resolution stands on the list of business may, when called upon, withdraw the resolution, and shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"state the reasons for the withdrawal\",\r\n      \"give notice of withdrawal to the Secretary-General one day in advance\",\r\n      \"obtain the leave of the House\",\r\n      \"confine himself to making a mere statement to that effect\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) confine himself to making a mere statement to that effect.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 180(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member in whose name a resolution stands on the list of business may, WHEN CALLED UPON, WITHDRAW THE RESOLUTION, AND SHALL CONFINE TO MAKING OF A MERE STATEMENT TO THE EFFECT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Now contrast Rule 180(2), and the distinction between the two sub-rules is the whole point of this rule:<\/b> <i>\"A member who HAS MOVED a resolution or amendment to a resolution SHALL NOT WITHDRAW THE SAME EXCEPT BY LEAVE OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The dividing line is whether the resolution has been MOVED:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>NOT YET MOVED<\/b> (Rule 180(1)) \u2014 the member may simply withdraw it with a bare statement. It is still his.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>ALREADY MOVED<\/b> (Rule 180(2)) \u2014 it belongs to the House, and only the House can let it go.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same principle governs amendments to a Bill \u2014 Rule 87:<\/b> <i>\"An amendment moved may, BY LEAVE OF THE HOUSE, BUT NOT OTHERWISE, be withdrawn on the request of the member moving it.\"<\/i> And a Bill itself \u2014 <b>Rule 110<\/b>: the member in charge moves <b>FOR LEAVE<\/b> to withdraw it.<br><br>\r\n<b>The consequence of a withdrawal by leave \u2014 proviso to Rule 182:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that when a resolution has been WITHDRAWN WITH THE LEAVE OF THE HOUSE, no resolution raising substantially the same question shall be moved DURING THE SAME SESSION.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 291, part: 4, partId: 51,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rule 180(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 180(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a member who has moved a resolution, or an amendment to a resolution, shall not withdraw the same\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"except with the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"except with the consent of the Minister concerned\",\r\n      \"except by leave of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) except by leave of the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 180(2):<\/b> <i>\"A member who has MOVED A RESOLUTION OR AMENDMENT TO A RESOLUTION SHALL NOT WITHDRAW THE SAME EXCEPT BY LEAVE OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote that the sub-rule covers both the <b>RESOLUTION<\/b> and an <b>AMENDMENT<\/b> to it. Once either is moved, it is before the House and passes out of the mover's control.<br><br>\r\n<b>The \"leave of the House\" requirement recurs wherever something already before the House is to be taken away:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 180(2)<\/b> \u2014 a resolution or amendment already moved.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 87<\/b> \u2014 an amendment to a Bill: <i>\"by leave of the House, BUT NOT OTHERWISE.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 110<\/b> \u2014 a Bill: the member in charge moves <b>FOR LEAVE<\/b> to withdraw, and if leave is granted no further motion may be made with reference to it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast Rule 180(1)<\/b>, where the resolution has <b>NOT<\/b> been moved \u2014 there the member simply withdraws it with a mere statement, and the House's leave is not required.<br><br>\r\n<b>Withdrawal by leave has a consequence that outlasts the day \u2014 proviso to Rule 182:<\/b> where a resolution has been withdrawn with the leave of the House, no resolution raising substantially the same question may be moved <b>DURING THE SAME SESSION<\/b>. Note that this is a shorter bar than the one-year bar in the main limb of Rule 182.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 292, part: 4, partId: 52,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rule 181\",\r\n    question: \"Where a resolution involving several points has been discussed, the Speaker\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall put the resolution as a whole to the vote of the House\",\r\n      \"may divide the resolution and put each or any point separately to the vote, as he may think fit\",\r\n      \"shall refer the resolution to a Select Committee\",\r\n      \"may divide the resolution only if the mover so requests\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 181:<\/b> <i>\"When any resolution INVOLVING SEVERAL POINTS has been discussed, the Speaker, MAY DIVIDE THE RESOLUTION, AND PUT EACH OR ANY POINT SEPARATELY TO THE VOTE, AS THE SPEAKER MAY THINK FIT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThree features are worth marking: the power arises only <b>AFTER<\/b> the resolution has been <b>DISCUSSED<\/b>; it belongs to the <b>SPEAKER ALONE<\/b> \u2014 no request from the mover is needed, which disposes of option (d); and he may put <b>EACH OR ANY<\/b> point separately, so a partial division is permissible.<br><br>\r\n<b>The power exists because of Rule 173(ii)<\/b>, under which a resolution must raise <i>\"substantially ONE DEFINITE ISSUE\"<\/i>. In practice a single issue may still contain several points, and the House may support some and not others. Rule 181 lets the Chair capture that rather than forcing an all-or-nothing vote.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note how this DIFFERS from the grouping rules in Chapter X and XI<\/b>, which run the other way. <b>Rule 85(2)<\/b>, <b>Rule 91<\/b> and the first proviso to <b>Rule 155<\/b> let the Speaker put several things <b>TOGETHER<\/b>, subject to a member's right to have any one put <b>SEPARATELY<\/b>. Rule 181 lets him take <b>ONE<\/b> thing and <b>SPLIT<\/b> it \u2014 and there is no corresponding right in a member to insist on the resolution being put whole.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 183<\/b> closes the chapter: <i>\"A copy of every resolution which has been PASSED by the House shall be FORWARDED TO THE MINISTER CONCERNED.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 293, part: 4, partId: 53,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rule 182\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"When a resolution has been moved, no resolution or amendment raising substantially the same question shall be moved, from the date of the moving of the earlier resolution, within :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the same session\",\r\n      \"three months from the date of the moving of the earlier resolution\",\r\n      \"six months from the date of the moving of the earlier resolution\",\r\n      \"one year from the date of the moving of the earlier resolution\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) one year from the date of the moving of the earlier resolution.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 182:<\/b> <i>\"When a resolution has been moved NO RESOLUTION OR AMENDMENT RAISING SUBSTANTIALLY THE SAME QUESTION SHALL BE MOVED WITHIN ONE YEAR FROM THE DATE OF THE MOVING OF THE EARLIER RESOLUTION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>But the proviso fixes a DIFFERENT and SHORTER period for a withdrawn resolution:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that when a resolution has been WITHDRAWN WITH THE LEAVE OF THE HOUSE, no resolution raising substantially the same question shall be moved DURING THE SAME SESSION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>So the rule holds two periods, and a question can be set on either:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 Resolution <b>MOVED<\/b> \u2192 bar of <b>ONE YEAR<\/b> from the date of moving.<br>\r\n\u2022 Resolution <b>WITHDRAWN WITH LEAVE<\/b> \u2192 bar for the <b>SAME SESSION<\/b> only.<br>\r\nThe difference is principled: a resolution that was moved and debated has been tested; one that was withdrawn never was, so the shorter bar suffices.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the reckoning point<\/b> \u2014 one year from <b>THE DATE OF THE MOVING<\/b>, not from the decision on it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the general rule against repetition \u2014 Rule 338:<\/b> <i>\"When a motion has been moved, no motion or amendment shall be moved which raises substantially the same question DURING THE SAME SESSION.\"<\/i> A motion is barred for the session; a resolution for a whole year. Rule 182 is the stricter of the two.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 294, part: 4, partId: 54,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 182\",\r\n    question: \"Where a resolution has been withdrawn with the leave of the House, no resolution raising substantially the same question shall be moved\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"during the same session\",\r\n      \"within one year from the date of withdrawal\",\r\n      \"within six months from the date of withdrawal\",\r\n      \"during the life of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) during the same session.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 182:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that when a resolution has been WITHDRAWN WITH THE LEAVE OF THE HOUSE, no resolution raising substantially the same question shall be moved DURING THE SAME SESSION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso is a RELAXATION of the main limb, not an addition to it.<\/b> Rule 182 bars a repeat for <b>ONE YEAR<\/b> where the earlier resolution was <b>MOVED<\/b>; the proviso reduces that to the <b>SAME SESSION<\/b> where it was <b>WITHDRAWN WITH LEAVE<\/b> under Rule 180(2).<br><br>\r\nThe reason is that a withdrawn resolution has never been decided. Nothing has been settled, so there is less to protect; a bar for the current session is enough to stop the same proposition being run repeatedly in one sitting period.<br><br>\r\n<b>The session-length bar is the common one throughout the Rules:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 338<\/b> \u2014 no motion or amendment raising substantially the same question during the same session.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 58(v)<\/b> \u2014 an adjournment motion shall not revive discussion on a matter discussed in the same session.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 41(2)(xiii)<\/b> \u2014 a question shall not repeat in substance questions already answered or refused.<br><br>\r\n<b>The ONE-YEAR bar in the main limb of Rule 182 is the exception<\/b>, and it is the longest repetition bar in the book \u2014 worth remembering for that reason alone.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 295, part: 4, partId: 55,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rule 183\",\r\n    question: \"A copy of every resolution which has been passed by the House shall be forwarded to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the President\",\r\n      \"the Committee on Government Assurances\",\r\n      \"the Council of States\",\r\n      \"the Minister concerned\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) the Minister concerned.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 183:<\/b> <i>\"A copy of every resolution which has been PASSED BY THE HOUSE shall be FORWARDED TO THE MINISTER CONCERNED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the two limits:<\/b> only a resolution <b>PASSED<\/b> by the House is forwarded \u2014 not one negatived or withdrawn \u2014 and it goes to the <b>MINISTER CONCERNED<\/b>, not to the President or to the other House.<br><br>\r\nThe rule reflects what a resolution IS. Under <b>Rule 171<\/b> it may take the form of <i>\"a declaration of opinion, or a recommendation \u2026 or commend, urge or request an action; or call attention to a matter or situation FOR CONSIDERATION BY GOVERNMENT.\"<\/i> Its object is to convey the sense of the House to the <b>EXECUTIVE<\/b>, and Rule 183 is the mechanism of conveyance.<br><br>\r\n<b>A resolution of the House is not binding on the Government<\/b> \u2014 unlike a Bill, which becomes law on assent. That is the essential difference between Chapter X and Chapter XIII, and it explains why Chapter XIII ends not with authentication and assent but with a copy sent to a Minister.<br><br>\r\n<b>Where the Government's response is later pursued:<\/b> a Minister's undertaking given in the House on such a resolution becomes an <b>ASSURANCE<\/b>, scrutinised by the <b>Committee on Government Assurances<\/b> under <b>Rule 323<\/b>, which reports on the extent to which assurances, promises and undertakings have been implemented and whether within the minimum time necessary.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 296, part: 4, partId: 56,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rule 177(3)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 177(3) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, lists of amendments to resolutions, of which notices have been received, shall be made available to members from time to time\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"by the Speaker, in every case\",\r\n      \"by the mover of the resolution\",\r\n      \"by the Secretary-General, if time permits\",\r\n      \"by the Minister concerned, before the resolution is moved\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) by the Secretary-General, if time permits.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 177(3):<\/b> <i>\"The SECRETARY-GENERAL shall, IF TIME PERMITS, make available to members from time to time LISTS OF AMENDMENTS OF WHICH NOTICES HAVE BEEN RECEIVED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the qualification <b>\"IF TIME PERMITS\"<\/b> \u2014 the duty is not absolute. An amendment to a resolution needs only <b>ONE DAY's<\/b> previous notice under Rule 177(2), and the Speaker may allow one to be moved with no notice at all, so the Secretariat cannot always circulate a list in time.<br><br>\r\n<b>The sub-rule is word-for-word Rule 79(2)<\/b>, which does the same work for amendments to a Bill: <i>\"The Secretary-General shall, if time permits, make available to the members from time to time lists of amendments of which notices have been received.\"<\/i> Chapter XIII borrows the Bill machinery at several points.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Secretary-General's circulating functions, collected:<\/b> the summons (Rule 3); notice of the date of the Speaker's and Deputy Speaker's election (Rules 7(1), 8(1)); the date, time, place and duration on reconvening (Rule 15(2)); the list of business for the day (Rule 31(1)); lists of amendments to Bills (Rule 79(2)) and to resolutions (Rule 177(3)); the certificates on Bills transmitted to the Council (Rules 96(2), 121(2), 137(2)); and reporting the Council's messages to the House (Rules 97, 103, 138).<br><br>\r\nIn none of these does he decide anything \u2014 the pattern of the whole book is that the <b>SPEAKER DECIDES<\/b> and the <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL COMMUNICATES<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 297, part: 4, partId: 57,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rules 170\u2013183\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to resolutions?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Speaker may divide a resolution involving several points and put each or any point separately to the vote\",\r\n      \"A member who has moved a resolution may withdraw it at any time as of right\",\r\n      \"The discussion on a resolution shall be strictly relevant to and within the scope of the resolution\",\r\n      \"A copy of every resolution passed by the House shall be forwarded to the Minister concerned\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 180(2):<\/b> <i>\"A member who has MOVED a resolution or amendment to a resolution SHALL NOT WITHDRAW THE SAME EXCEPT BY LEAVE OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i> There is no right of withdrawal once the resolution has been moved.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast Rule 180(1)<\/b>, which is where the option's half-truth comes from: a member in whose name a resolution stands may, <b>WHEN CALLED UPON<\/b>, withdraw it before moving, <i>\"and shall confine to making of a mere statement to the effect.\"<\/i> The dividing line is the act of <b>MOVING<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 181<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may divide a resolution involving several points, as he thinks fit (A \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>Rule 179<\/b> \u2014 the discussion shall be strictly relevant to and within the scope of the resolution (C \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>Rule 183<\/b> \u2014 a copy of every resolution passed is forwarded to the Minister concerned (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>The withdrawal rules across the Rules, as a set:<\/b> a resolution not yet moved \u2192 mere statement (180(1)); a resolution or amendment already moved \u2192 <b>leave of the House<\/b> (180(2)); an amendment to a Bill \u2192 <b>leave of the House, \"but not otherwise\"<\/b> (Rule 87); a Bill \u2192 the member in charge moves <b>for leave<\/b> (Rule 110).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 298, part: 4, partId: 58,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rules 171, 174, 181, 183\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following pairs relating to resolutions:<br>1. Form of a resolution \u2014 such form as the Speaker may consider appropriate, among others<br>2. Decision on admissibility of a resolution \u2014 the Speaker<br>3. Division of a resolution involving several points \u2014 the Speaker<br>4. Forwarding of a copy of a resolution passed \u2014 to the Speaker<br>Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 171<\/b> \u2014 a resolution may be in the several forms listed <i>\"or IN SUCH OTHER FORM AS THE SPEAKER MAY CONSIDER APPROPRIATE.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<b>Rule 174<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"The SPEAKER shall decide whether resolution or a part thereof is or is not admissible under these rules.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<b>Rule 181<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"the SPEAKER may divide the resolution, and put each or any point separately to the vote, as the Speaker may think fit.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Pair 4 is wrongly matched \u2717. Rule 183:<\/b> <i>\"A copy of every resolution which has been passed by the House shall be forwarded to the MINISTER CONCERNED.\"<\/i> \u2014 not to the Speaker.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Speaker's powers over resolutions, collected \u2014 Chapter XIII is largely a chapter about the Chair:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 28<\/b> \u2014 the ballot of names is held in accordance with <b>orders made by the Speaker<\/b>, on such day as he directs.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 171<\/b> \u2014 he may accept such other <b>FORM<\/b> as he considers appropriate.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 174<\/b> \u2014 he decides <b>ADMISSIBILITY<\/b> and may disallow a resolution or part of it.<br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 175<\/b> \u2014 he may, in his own discretion, allow a sub-judice matter to be raised as to <b>procedure, subject or stage of enquiry<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 176(2) and (3)<\/b> \u2014 his <b>PERMISSION<\/b> is needed for another member to move a resolution.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 177(2)<\/b> \u2014 he may allow an amendment moved without one day's notice.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 178<\/b> \u2014 his permission extends the fifteen or thirty minutes.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 181<\/b> \u2014 he may <b>DIVIDE<\/b> the resolution.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 299, part: 4, partId: 59,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rules 173(v), 175 and 160(iii)(a)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. A resolution shall not relate to any matter which is under adjudication by a court of law having jurisdiction in any part of India.<br>2. A resolution which seeks to raise discussion on a matter pending before a commission of enquiry shall ordinarily not be permitted to be moved.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 173(v):<\/b> a resolution <i>\"shall not relate to any matter which is UNDER ADJUDICATION BY A COURT OF LAW having jurisdiction in any part of India.\"<\/i> An <b>ABSOLUTE<\/b> bar, with no proviso.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 175:<\/b> a resolution seeking to raise discussion on a matter pending before <i>\"any statutory tribunal or statutory authority performing any judicial or quasi-judicial functions or any commission or court of enquiry\"<\/i> shall <b>ORDINARILY<\/b> not be permitted \u2014 with a proviso letting the Speaker allow the <b>PROCEDURE OR SUBJECT OR STAGE OF ENQUIRY<\/b> to be raised if it will not prejudice consideration of the matter.<br><br>\r\n<b>So Chapter XIII carries BOTH kinds of sub-judice bar, one rule apart:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>ABSOLUTE<\/b> for a <b>COURT OF LAW<\/b> \u2014 Rule 173(v).<br>\r\n<b>QUALIFIED<\/b> for a <b>TRIBUNAL, AUTHORITY OR COMMISSION<\/b> \u2014 Rule 175.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same two-track structure appears for questions and adjournment motions:<\/b><br>\r\nQuestions \u2014 <b>Rule 41(2)(xviii)<\/b> absolute for courts; <b>Rule 41(2)(xxiii)<\/b> qualified for tribunals and commissions.<br>\r\nAdjournment motions \u2014 <b>Rule 58(vii)<\/b> absolute for courts; <b>Rule 59<\/b> qualified for tribunals and commissions.<br><br>\r\n<b>Petitions are the exception<\/b>: <b>Rule 160(iii)(a)<\/b> makes the bar absolute for <b>BOTH<\/b> \u2014 courts, courts of enquiry, statutory tribunals and authorities, quasi-judicial bodies and commissions alike, with no proviso at all.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 300, part: 4, partId: 60,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rules 26, 28, 31(4) and 170\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding private members' resolutions:<br>1. A ballot of names of members desiring to move a resolution is held in accordance with orders made by the Speaker.<br>2. Members securing the first three places in the ballot are eligible to give notice of one resolution each.<br>3. Unless the Speaker otherwise directs, not more than three resolutions shall be set down in the list of business for a day allotted for private members' resolutions.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 28<\/b> (Chapter VI): <i>\"A ballot of NAMES OF MEMBERS desiring to move a resolution shall be held in accordance with ORDERS MADE BY THE SPEAKER, on such day as the Speaker may direct.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 170:<\/b> those who secure the <b>FIRST THREE PLACES<\/b> in the ballot are eligible to give notice of <b>ONE RESOLUTION EACH<\/b> within two days after the date of the ballot.<br>\r\n<b>Statement 3 \u2014 Rule 31(4):<\/b> <i>\"Unless the Speaker otherwise directs, NOT MORE THAN THREE RESOLUTIONS (in addition to any resolution which is outstanding under the proviso to rule 29) shall be set down in the list of business for any day allotted for the disposal of private members' resolutions.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The three provisions interlock, and the figure THREE ties them together:<\/b> three places in the ballot \u2192 three notices of resolution \u2192 three resolutions in the list.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the parenthesis in Rule 31(4)<\/b>, which is the detail most often missed: the three are <b>IN ADDITION TO<\/b> any resolution outstanding under the <b>PROVISO TO RULE 29<\/b> \u2014 that is, one which was still <b>UNDER DISCUSSION<\/b> when the previous such day ended, and which therefore takes precedence over all other business on the next such day. So the list may in fact carry four items.<br><br>\r\n<b>The time comes from Rule 26<\/b> \u2014 the last two and a half hours of a sitting on Friday \u2014 with the Speaker free under the first proviso to allot different Fridays to different classes of private members' business, so that some Fridays take Bills and others resolutions.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 301, part: 4, partId: 61,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 12: Petitions\", rule: \"Rule 169\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-NAMED \u2192 OPTIONS\",\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, shall every petition, after presentation by a member, stand referred to the Committee on Petitions?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rule 166\",\r\n      \"Rule 167\",\r\n      \"Rule 168\",\r\n      \"Rule 169\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Rule 169.<\/b><br><br><b>Rule 169:<\/b> <i>\"Every petition shall, after presentation by a member STAND REFERRED TO THE COMMITTEE ON PETITIONS.\"<\/i> (Substituted 17.2.2014.)<br><br>The words <b>\"STAND REFERRED\"<\/b> make the reference <b>AUTOMATIC<\/b> \u2014 no motion, no order of the House, no direction of the Speaker.<br><br><b>The distractors are the three rules immediately before it:<\/b><br><b>Rule 166<\/b> \u2014 the member gives <b>ADVANCE INTIMATION<\/b> to the Secretary-General of his intention to present a petition.<br><b>Rule 167<\/b> \u2014 <b>NO DEBATE<\/b> is permitted on the presentation of a petition.<br><b>Rule 168<\/b> \u2014 the member confines himself to the prescribed one-sentence form, and no debate is permitted on that statement either.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 302, part: 4, partId: 62,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XI-XIII (Rules 155-183)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 13: Resolutions\", rule: \"Rule 181\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-NAMED \u2192 OPTIONS\",\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, may the Speaker divide a resolution involving several points and put each or any point separately to the vote?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rule 179\",\r\n      \"Rule 180\",\r\n      \"Rule 181\",\r\n      \"Rule 182\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Rule 181.<\/b><br><br><b>Rule 181:<\/b> <i>\"When any resolution INVOLVING SEVERAL POINTS has been discussed, the Speaker MAY DIVIDE THE RESOLUTION, AND PUT EACH OR ANY POINT SEPARATELY TO THE VOTE, AS THE SPEAKER MAY THINK FIT.\"<\/i><br><br>The power arises only <b>AFTER<\/b> the resolution has been discussed, belongs to the <b>SPEAKER ALONE<\/b>, and extends to <b>EACH OR ANY<\/b> point \u2014 so a partial division is permissible. It runs the opposite way to the grouping powers in Rules 85(2), 91 and 155, which combine several questions into one.<br><br><b>The distractors:<\/b><br><b>Rule 179<\/b> \u2014 the discussion shall be strictly relevant to and within the scope of the resolution.<br><b>Rule 180<\/b> \u2014 withdrawal: by a mere statement before moving; by <b>LEAVE OF THE HOUSE<\/b> after moving.<br><b>Rule 182<\/b> \u2014 the <b>ONE YEAR<\/b> bar on a resolution raising substantially the same question.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n\r\n  \/* ======================================================================\r\n     PART 5 \u2014 Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\r\n     ====================================================================== *\/\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 303, part: 5, partId: 1,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 14: Motions\", rule: \"Rule 184\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 184 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, save in so far as is otherwise provided in the Constitution or in the rules, no discussion of a matter of general public interest shall take place except\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"on a motion made with the consent of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"on a resolution admitted by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"during the time allotted for private members' business\",\r\n      \"on a day allotted by the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) on a motion made with the consent of the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 184:<\/b> <i>\"SAVE IN SO FAR AS IS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN THE CONSTITUTION OR IN THESE RULES, NO DISCUSSION OF A MATTER OF GENERAL PUBLIC INTEREST SHALL TAKE PLACE EXCEPT ON A MOTION MADE WITH THE CONSENT OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This is the foundational rule of the whole chapter, and it is almost never read.<\/b> It states the general principle that the House does not simply \"discuss\" things \u2014 a discussion must be anchored to a <b>MOTION<\/b>, and the motion needs the <b>SPEAKER's CONSENT<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The opening words are what make the rest of the book work.<\/b> Everything that allows a discussion WITHOUT a motion is one of the exceptions saved by \"otherwise provided in these rules\":<br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(5)<\/b> \u2014 Half-an-Hour Discussion: <i>\"There shall be no formal motion before the House nor voting.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 195<\/b> \u2014 Short Duration Discussion: the same words.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 197(2)<\/b> \u2014 Calling Attention: no debate on the Minister's statement, only clarificatory questions.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 207(1)<\/b> \u2014 general discussion on the Budget: <i>\"no motion shall be moved nor shall the Budget be submitted to the vote of the House.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 377<\/b> \u2014 a matter which is not a point of order, raised with the Speaker's consent.<br><br>\r\nSo Rule 184 sets the rule, and those provisions are the exceptions to it. <b>Rule 185:<\/b> <i>\"Notice of a motion shall be given IN WRITING ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 304, part: 5, partId: 2,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 14: Motions\", rule: \"Rule 186(ix)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 186(ix) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, under the conditions governing the admissibility of motions, if a motion contains a statement,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the member shall take the responsibility for the accuracy of the statement\",\r\n      \"it shall be supported by documentary evidence annexed to the notice\",\r\n      \"the Speaker shall refer it to the Minister concerned for verification\",\r\n      \"it shall be laid on the Table before the motion is moved\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the member shall take the responsibility for the accuracy of the statement.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 186(ix):<\/b> <i>\"if it contains a statement THE MEMBER SHALL TAKE THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ACCURACY OF THE STATEMENT.\"<\/i> (Clauses (ix) to (xviii) were <b>ADDED<\/b> by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\nThe rule does not require proof \u2014 it fixes <b>RESPONSIBILITY<\/b>. A member who puts a factual assertion into a motion answers for it personally.<br><br>\r\n<b>The identical requirement governs QUESTIONS \u2014 Rule 41(2)(iii):<\/b> <i>\"if it contains a statement the member shall make oneself responsible for the accuracy of the statement.\"<\/i> Between them the two rules ensure that the House is not made the vehicle for unverified assertions.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the amendment history of Rule 186, because it explains where the papers go.<\/b> The rule originally had clauses (i) to (viii); <b>clauses (ix) to (xviii) were added in 1989<\/b>, and part of clause (vii) was omitted at the same time. The Commission's questions have so far concentrated almost entirely on clauses (i) to (v) \u2014 one definite issue, no arguments, conduct only in a public capacity, restricted to a recent occurrence, no question of privilege. The ten added clauses are the untested ground.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 187<\/b> gives the Speaker the decision on admissibility, on the same three grounds as Rules 43(1) and 174.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 305, part: 5, partId: 3,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 14: Motions\", rule: \"Rule 186(x)\",\r\n    question: \"A motion shall not seek discussion on a paper or document laid on the Table\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"by a private member\",\r\n      \"by a Minister\",\r\n      \"by the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"by a Parliamentary Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) by a private member.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 186(x):<\/b> <i>\"it shall not seek discussion on a paper or document LAID ON THE TABLE BY A PRIVATE MEMBER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The restriction is confined to a PRIVATE MEMBER's paper<\/b> \u2014 a paper laid by a <b>MINISTER<\/b> is a different matter entirely, because the Government is answerable for it. That contrast is the whole question.<br><br>\r\n<b>\"Private member\" is defined in Rule 2(1)<\/b> as <i>\"a member other than a Minister\"<\/i>, so the clause covers every paper laid by anyone who is not a Minister.<br><br>\r\n<b>The reason is one of responsibility.<\/b> Under <b>Rule 368<\/b> a Minister who quotes a State paper not already presented must lay it on the Table, and under <b>Rule 369(2)<\/b> <i>\"all papers and documents laid on the Table shall be considered public.\"<\/i> A Ministerial paper carries the Government's authority and may properly found a debate. A private member's paper carries only his own, and the House will not devote its time to debating it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare Rule 41(2)(ix)<\/b> for questions \u2014 a question shall not ask about proceedings in a Committee which have not been placed before the House by a report \u2014 and <b>Rule 275(2)<\/b>, under which no part of the evidence or proceedings of a Committee not laid on the Table is open to inspection except under the authority of the Speaker.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 306, part: 5, partId: 4,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 14: Motions\", rule: \"Rule 186(xvii)\",\r\n    question: \"A motion shall not refer to or seek disclosure of information about matters which are in their nature secret, such as\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the composition of Cabinet Committees\",\r\n      \"Cabinet discussions, or advice given to the President in relation to any matter in respect of which there is a constitutional, statutory or conventional obligation not to disclose information\",\r\n      \"the proceedings of any Parliamentary Committee\",\r\n      \"correspondence between the Government of India and a State Government\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 186(xvii):<\/b> <i>\"it shall not refer to or seek disclosure of information about matters which are in their nature secret such as CABINET DISCUSSIONS OR ADVICE GIVEN TO THE PRESIDENT in relation to any matter in respect of which there is a constitutional, statutory or conventional obligation not to disclose information.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the difference from the corresponding rule for QUESTIONS.<\/b> <b>Rule 41(2)(xxi)<\/b> gives <b>THREE<\/b> examples \u2014 <i>\"COMPOSITION OF CABINET COMMITTEES, Cabinet discussions, or advice given to the President.\"<\/i> Rule 186(xvii) gives only <b>TWO<\/b>; the composition of Cabinet Committees is not among them. That one-item difference between two otherwise identical clauses is exactly the sort of thing this paper is set on, and it is why option (a) is offered.<br><br>\r\n<b>The constitutional root of the second limb is Article 74(2):<\/b> <i>\"The question whether any, and if so what, advice was tendered by Ministers to the President shall not be inquired into in any court.\"<\/i> The rule extends the same protection to the floor of the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (c) belongs to Rule 186(xi):<\/b> a motion <i>\"shall NOT ORDINARILY relate to matters which are under consideration of a Parliamentary Committee\"<\/i> \u2014 note the softening word \"ordinarily\", which does not appear in clause (xvii).<br>\r\n<b>Option (d) belongs to Rule 42<\/b>, which restricts questions on Centre\u2013State correspondence to matters of fact.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 307, part: 5, partId: 5,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 14: Motions\", rule: \"Rule 186\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is NOT among the conditions governing the admissibility of a motion?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"It shall not relate to a matter which is not primarily the concern of the Government of India\",\r\n      \"It shall not raise matter under the control of bodies or persons not primarily responsible to the Government of India\",\r\n      \"It shall relate to a matter with which a Minister is not officially concerned\",\r\n      \"It shall not relate to a trivial matter\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this is NOT a condition; the rule says the opposite.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 186(xv):<\/b> a motion <i>\"shall NOT relate to a matter with which a Minister is NOT officially concerned.\"<\/i> The option has had the first negative stripped out \u2014 the Commission's signature construction on every admissibility rule, and the one it used on Rule 186 itself at Q35 of the 2025 paper.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are conditions, verbatim:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>186(xiii)<\/b> \u2014 shall not relate to a matter which is not primarily the concern of the Government of India (A \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>186(xiv)<\/b> \u2014 shall not raise matter under the control of bodies or persons not primarily responsible to the Government of India (B \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>186(xviii)<\/b> \u2014 shall not relate to a trivial matter (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>Clauses (xiii), (xiv) and (xv) together form the \"responsibility\" group<\/b>, and they have exact counterparts among the conditions for questions \u2014 <b>Rule 41(2)(viii), (xvii) and (xix)<\/b>. All six protect the same principle: the House questions and debates the <b>UNION EXECUTIVE<\/b>, and only what that executive is answerable for.<br><br>\r\n<b>Read every option for the NEGATIVE first.<\/b> Where a rule is a list of prohibitions, the answer is almost always the single clause whose \"not\" has been added or removed.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 308, part: 5, partId: 6,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 14: Motions\", rule: \"Rule 186(xi)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 186(xi) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a motion shall not ordinarily relate to matters which are\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"under consideration of a Parliamentary Committee\",\r\n      \"the subject of a recent question in the House\",\r\n      \"pending before the Council of States\",\r\n      \"included in the report of the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) under consideration of a Parliamentary Committee.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 186(xi):<\/b> <i>\"it shall NOT ORDINARILY relate to matters which are under consideration of a Parliamentary Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the word \"ORDINARILY\"<\/b> \u2014 this is a qualified bar, not an absolute one, so the Chair retains a discretion. Only a handful of the eighteen conditions in Rule 186 are so softened; the rest are flat prohibitions. The identical softening appears in <b>Rule 41(2)(xxii)<\/b> for questions.<br><br>\r\n<b>The reason is one of comity between the House and its own Committees.<\/b> A Committee to which the House has referred a matter should be allowed to finish. The related provisions are worth collecting:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 41(2)(ix)<\/b> \u2014 a question shall not ask about proceedings in a Committee which have not been placed before the House by a report.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 275(2)<\/b> \u2014 no part of the evidence, report or proceedings of a Committee not laid on the Table is open to inspection <i>\"except under the authority of the Speaker.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 278<\/b> \u2014 a completed part of a report made available to Government before presentation <i>\"shall be treated as confidential until presented to the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Option (b) inverts a requirement of a different device<\/b> \u2014 under <b>Rule 55(1)<\/b> a Half-an-Hour Discussion MUST arise from a recent question. Being the subject of a recent question is a qualification there, not a disqualification here.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 309, part: 5, partId: 7,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 14: Motions\", rule: \"Rule 186(xii)\",\r\n    question: \"Under the conditions governing the admissibility of motions in the Lok Sabha, which one of the following may a motion NOT ask for?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"an expression of opinion, or the solution of an abstract legal question or of a hypothetical proposition\",\r\n      \"the laying of any paper on the Table\",\r\n      \"the appointment of a Select Committee\",\r\n      \"an assurance from the Minister concerned\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 186(xii):<\/b> <i>\"it shall not ask for AN EXPRESSION OF OPINION OR THE SOLUTION OF AN ABSTRACT LEGAL QUESTION OR OF A HYPOTHETICAL PROPOSITION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The clause is word-for-word Rule 41(2)(v)<\/b>, which governs questions: <i>\"it shall not ask for an expression of opinion or the solution of an abstract legal question or of a hypothetical proposition.\"<\/i> The House is not an advisory body and does not answer academic questions.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same idea appears in a third place \u2014 Rule 50(2)(iv):<\/b> a supplementary question is out of order if <i>\"it seeks confirmation or denial of an opinion.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the contrast with a RESOLUTION.<\/b> Under <b>Rule 171<\/b> a resolution <b>MAY<\/b> be <i>\"in the form of a DECLARATION OF OPINION\"<\/i> \u2014 that is precisely one of its permitted forms. So the House may <b>EXPRESS<\/b> an opinion by resolution; what a motion may not do is <b>ASK<\/b> for one. The distinction between expressing and soliciting an opinion is a fine one and worth holding.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (c) is wrong on its face<\/b>: a motion for reference to a Select Committee is expressly provided for by <b>Rule 74(ii)<\/b> and <b>Rule 75(2)<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 310, part: 5, partId: 8,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 14: Motions\", rule: \"Rule 186\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following conditions of admissibility of motions:<br>1. It shall not revive discussion of a matter which has been discussed in the same session.<br>2. It shall not anticipate discussion of a matter which is likely to be discussed in the same session.<br>3. It shall not relate to any matter which is under adjudication by a court of law having jurisdiction in any part of India.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three are conditions in <b>Rule 186<\/b> \u2014 clauses (vi), (vii) and (viii) respectively:<br>\r\n<i>\"(vi) it shall not revive discussion of a matter which has been discussed in the same session;<br>\r\n(vii) it shall not anticipate discussion of a matter which is likely to be discussed in the same session;<br>\r\n(viii) it shall not relate to any matter which is under adjudication by a court of law having jurisdiction in any part of India.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Clauses (vi) and (vii) are mirror images and close both ends of the session<\/b> \u2014 the House shall not go back over ground it has covered, nor pre-empt ground it is about to cover. The same pair appears for ADJOURNMENT MOTIONS in <b>Rule 58(v) and (vi)<\/b>, where clause (vi) adds an express direction on how to judge anticipation: regard is to be had to <i>\"the PROBABILITY of the matter anticipated being brought before the House WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Clause (viii) is the ABSOLUTE sub-judice bar, confined to a COURT OF LAW.<\/b> For a tribunal or commission the bar is only qualified \u2014 <b>Rule 188:<\/b> such a matter <i>\"shall ORDINARILY not be permitted\"<\/i>, with a proviso letting the Speaker allow the <b>procedure or subject or stage of enquiry<\/b> to be raised if it will not prejudice consideration of the matter.<br><br>\r\nThe same two-track structure governs questions (Rules 41(2)(xviii) and (xxiii)), resolutions (Rules 173(v) and 175) and adjournment motions (Rules 58(vii) and 59).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 311, part: 5, partId: 9,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 14: Motions\", rule: \"Rule 186(xvi)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 186(xvi) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, under the conditions governing the admissibility of motions in the Lok Sabha, a motion shall not refer discourteously to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a friendly foreign country\",\r\n      \"a Member of the Council of States\",\r\n      \"a Judge of a High Court\",\r\n      \"an officer of the Lok Sabha Secretariat\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) a friendly foreign country.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 186(xvi):<\/b> <i>\"it shall not refer DISCOURTEOUSLY TO A FRIENDLY FOREIGN COUNTRY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis is a rule of international comity, and it appears in identical terms for QUESTIONS at <b>Rule 41(2)(xx)<\/b>. Note the precision: the bar is on a <b>DISCOURTEOUS<\/b> reference, not on any reference at all \u2014 foreign policy is legitimately debated; discourtesy to a friendly State is not.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three options are protected by different provisions:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 A <b>JUDGE<\/b> \u2014 his conduct can be raised only on a substantive motion; see <b>Rule 186(iii)<\/b> (conduct or character of persons except in their public capacity), <b>Rule 41(2)(x)<\/b> and <b>Rule 353<\/b>. <b>Article 121<\/b> puts it beyond doubt: no discussion shall take place in Parliament with respect to the conduct of a Judge of the Supreme Court or of a High Court in the discharge of his duties, except on a motion for an address for his removal.<br>\r\n\u2022 A <b>MEMBER OF THE COUNCIL<\/b> \u2014 <b>Rule 51<\/b> bars an answer from referring to proceedings in the Council during a current session, and the general rules of debate restrain reflections on the other House.<br>\r\n\u2022 An <b>OFFICER<\/b> \u2014 <b>Rule 353<\/b> restricts allegations against any person, and <b>Rule 186(iii)<\/b> confines references to a public capacity.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 312, part: 5, partId: 10,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 14: Motions\", rule: \"Rule 188\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 188 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a motion which seeks to raise discussion on a matter pending before a statutory tribunal or a commission of enquiry\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"is barred only 'ordinarily', the Speaker retaining a discretion in his own hands to allow limited aspects to be raised\",\r\n      \"is barred absolutely, in the same terms as a matter under adjudication by a court of law\",\r\n      \"may be moved with the consent of the tribunal or commission concerned\",\r\n      \"may be moved once the tribunal or commission has submitted its report\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 188:<\/b> <i>\"No motion which seeks to raise discussion on a matter pending before any statutory tribunal or statutory authority performing any judicial or quasi-judicial functions or any commission or court of enquiry appointed to enquire into or investigate, any matter shall ORDINARILY be permitted to be moved: Provided that the Speaker MAY, IN OWN DISCRETION, allow such matter being raised in the House as is concerned with the PROCEDURE OR SUBJECT OR STAGE OF ENQUIRY if the Speaker is satisfied that IT IS NOT LIKELY TO PREJUDICE THE CONSIDERATION of such matter.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast Rule 186(viii)<\/b>, one rule earlier and ABSOLUTE: a motion <i>\"shall not relate to any matter which is under adjudication by a COURT OF LAW having jurisdiction in any part of India.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>So Chapter XIV, like Chapter XIII, carries BOTH kinds of sub-judice bar, two rules apart:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>ABSOLUTE<\/b> for a <b>COURT OF LAW<\/b> \u2014 Rule 186(viii).<br>\r\n<b>QUALIFIED<\/b> for a <b>TRIBUNAL, AUTHORITY OR COMMISSION<\/b> \u2014 Rule 188.<br><br>\r\n<b>The qualified formula appears FOUR times in the book<\/b>, always in the same words \u2014 <b>Rule 41(2)(xxiii)<\/b> (questions), <b>Rule 59<\/b> (adjournment motions), <b>Rule 175<\/b> (resolutions) and <b>Rule 188<\/b> (motions). Only <b>Rule 160(iii)(a)<\/b>, for petitions, makes both bars absolute.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 313, part: 5, partId: 11,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 14: Motions\", rule: \"Rule 191\",\r\n    question: \"At the appointed hour on the allotted day, or the last of the allotted days, for the discussion of a motion, the Speaker shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"adjourn the debate to a future day\",\r\n      \"forthwith put every question necessary to determine the decision of the House on the original question\",\r\n      \"permit the mover a right of reply before putting the question\",\r\n      \"refer the motion to the Business Advisory Committee for further allotment of time\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 191:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall, AT THE APPOINTED HOUR ON THE ALLOTTED DAY OR THE LAST OF THE ALLOTTED DAYS, as the case may be, FORTHWITH PUT EVERY QUESTION NECESSARY TO DETERMINE THE DECISION OF THE HOUSE ON THE ORIGINAL QUESTION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis is the <b>GUILLOTINE<\/b>. When the allotted time runs out the debate simply stops and everything outstanding is put at once, without further discussion.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same device appears wherever time has been allotted in advance, and the wording barely changes:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(4)<\/b> \u2014 a no-confidence motion: the Speaker shall, at the appointed hour on the allotted day or the last of them, <i>\"forthwith put every question necessary to determine the decision of the House on the motion.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 208(2)<\/b> \u2014 demands for grants: at 17.00 hours on the last allotted day, every question necessary to dispose of all outstanding matters.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 291<\/b> \u2014 business under an Allocation of Time Order.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 297<\/b> \u2014 private members' business.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 221<\/b> \u2014 financial business generally.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 190<\/b> is what makes the guillotine possible: the Speaker may, after considering the state of business and in consultation with the Leader of the House, <b>OR ON THE RECOMMENDATION OF THE BUSINESS ADVISORY COMMITTEE<\/b>, allot a day or days or part of a day for the discussion. Option (d) inverts that \u2014 the BAC recommends the allotment; it has no role once the hour arrives.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 314, part: 5, partId: 12,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 14: Motions\", rule: \"Rule 190\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 190 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the Speaker may allot a day or days, or part of a day, for the discussion of a motion admitted with no date fixed,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in his own discretion alone\",\r\n      \"after considering the state of business in the House and in consultation with the Leader of the House, or on the recommendation of the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n      \"only on the recommendation of the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n      \"only with the consent of the mover of the motion\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 190:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may, AFTER CONSIDERING THE STATE OF BUSINESS IN THE HOUSE and IN CONSULTATION WITH THE LEADER OF THE HOUSE OR ON THE RECOMMENDATION OF THE BUSINESS ADVISORY COMMITTEE, allot a day or days or part of a day for the discussion of any such motion.\"<\/i> (The words on the Business Advisory Committee were <b>ADDED<\/b> by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>Two routes, and the rule offers them in the alternative<\/b> \u2014 consultation with the <b>LEADER OF THE HOUSE<\/b>, <b>OR<\/b> the recommendation of the <b>BUSINESS ADVISORY COMMITTEE<\/b>. Options (a) and (c) each take one half of the rule and present it as the whole.<br><br>\r\n<b>The practical consequence has been examined before:<\/b> because the Leader of the House is a Minister, and the Business Advisory Committee works on the Government's programme, it is in substance the <b>GOVERNMENT<\/b> that decides when \u2014 and whether \u2014 such a motion is reached. That is why a Censure Motion, which is a No-Day-Yet-Named Motion, can wait indefinitely.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 189<\/b> is the preceding step: <i>\"If the Speaker admits notice of a motion and NO DATE IS FIXED for the discussion of such motion, it shall be NOTIFIED IN THE BULLETIN WITH THE HEADING: 'NO-DAY-YET-NAMED MOTIONS'.\"<\/i> Note that it goes into the <b>BULLETIN<\/b>, and nowhere else \u2014 there is no forwarding to any Minister.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 315, part: 5, partId: 13,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 14: Motions\", rule: \"Rule 192\",\r\n    question: \"In respect of a discussion on a motion, the Speaker\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"may, if he thinks fit, prescribe a time-limit for speeches\",\r\n      \"shall prescribe a time-limit for speeches\",\r\n      \"may prescribe a time-limit only after taking the sense of the House\",\r\n      \"may not prescribe any time-limit, the general rules of debate applying\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) may, if he thinks fit, prescribe a time-limit for speeches.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 192:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker, IF THINKS FIT, MAY PRESCRIBE A TIME-LIMIT FOR SPEECHES.\"<\/i> Purely discretionary, and with no requirement of consulting anyone.<br><br>\r\n<b>The time-limit rules across the book differ in their verbs, and that is precisely where the paper is set. Fix all six:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 192<\/b> \u2014 motions: the Speaker <b>MAY<\/b>, if thinks fit. No consultation.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 196<\/b> \u2014 short duration discussions: identical wording, <b>MAY<\/b>, if thinks fit.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(5)<\/b> \u2014 no-confidence motion: <b>MAY<\/b>, if thinks fit.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 21<\/b> \u2014 President's Address: <b>MAY<\/b>, if thinks fit, but <b>AFTER TAKING THE SENSE OF THE HOUSE<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 63<\/b> \u2014 adjournment motion: the Speaker <b>SHALL<\/b> prescribe a time limit. <b>Mandatory<\/b>, and the only one of the six that is.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 203<\/b> \u2014 resolution for removal of the Speaker or Deputy Speaker: a speech <b>SHALL NOT EXCEED FIFTEEN MINUTES<\/b> except with permission \u2014 the limit is fixed by the rule itself, as it is for resolutions under <b>Rule 178<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 363(1)<\/b> adds a general power: where debate on a motion becomes unduly protracted, the Speaker may, after taking the sense of the House, prescribe a time limit for its conclusion.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 316, part: 5, partId: 14,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 14: Motions\", rule: \"Rule 185\",\r\n    question: \"In what manner, and to whom, shall notice of a motion be given in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in writing addressed to the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"in writing addressed to the Speaker\",\r\n      \"orally, with the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"in writing addressed to the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) in writing addressed to the Secretary-General.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 185:<\/b> <i>\"NOTICE OF A MOTION SHALL BE GIVEN IN WRITING ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote that <b>NO PERIOD OF NOTICE<\/b> is prescribed \u2014 unlike questions (fifteen clear days, Rule 33), private members' Bills (one month, Rule 65(3)), Half-an-Hour Discussions (three days, Rule 55(2)), resolutions (two days before the ballot, Rule 170) or amendments to a resolution (one day, Rule 177(2)). Rule 185 requires only that the notice be in writing and go to the right officer.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Secretary-General is the universal recipient of notices, and the list is worth holding as a set:<\/b><br>\r\nquestions (34(1)) \u00b7 short notice questions (54) \u00b7 Half-an-Hour Discussions (55(2)) \u00b7 adjournment motions (57, with copies endorsed to the Speaker, the Minister concerned and the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs) \u00b7 notice to oppose the introduction of a Bill (72(2)) \u00b7 <b>MOTIONS (185)<\/b> \u00b7 short duration discussions (193) \u00b7 Calling Attention (Explanation to 197) \u00b7 no-confidence motions (198(1)(b)) \u00b7 questions of privilege (223) \u00b7 resolutions for the removal of the Speaker or Deputy Speaker (200(1)).<br><br>\r\n<b>The exceptions \u2014 where the notice goes to the SPEAKER instead:<\/b> resignation of a seat (Rule 240(1)) and leave of absence (Rule 242(1)). Both are personal to the member, not items of business.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 317, part: 5, partId: 15,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 14: Motions\", rule: \"Rules 184\u2013192\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to motions?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Notice of a motion shall be given in writing addressed to the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"An admitted motion for which no date is fixed shall be notified in the Bulletin under the heading 'No-Day-Yet-Named Motions'\",\r\n      \"A motion which seeks to raise discussion on a matter pending before a commission of enquiry shall in no circumstances be permitted to be moved\",\r\n      \"The Speaker may prescribe a time-limit for speeches if he thinks fit\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 188<\/b> makes the bar a qualified one, not an absolute one: such a motion <i>\"shall ORDINARILY not be permitted to be moved\"<\/i>, and the proviso allows the Speaker, <b>IN HIS OWN DISCRETION<\/b>, to permit the <b>PROCEDURE OR SUBJECT OR STAGE OF ENQUIRY<\/b> to be raised if satisfied that it is not likely to prejudice consideration of the matter.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b> <b>Rule 185<\/b> (A \u2713); <b>Rule 189<\/b> (B \u2713); <b>Rule 192<\/b> (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>The trap works by transposing the ABSOLUTE bar onto the QUALIFIED one.<\/b> Within Chapter XIV both exist, two rules apart:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 186(viii)<\/b> \u2014 <b>ABSOLUTE<\/b>: a motion shall not relate to any matter under adjudication by a <b>COURT OF LAW<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 188<\/b> \u2014 <b>QUALIFIED<\/b>: tribunals, statutory authorities performing judicial or quasi-judicial functions, commissions and courts of enquiry.<br><br>\r\nWhenever an option says a sub-judice matter is barred \"in no circumstances\", check which body the stem names. Courts of law \u2192 absolute. Tribunals and commissions \u2192 qualified, everywhere except petitions under Rule 160(iii)(a).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 318, part: 5, partId: 16,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 14: Motions\", rule: \"Rules 184, 186, 187\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding motions:<br>1. No discussion of a matter of general public interest shall take place except on a motion made with the consent of the Speaker, save as otherwise provided in the Constitution or the rules.<br>2. The Speaker shall decide whether a motion or a part thereof is admissible.<br>3. A motion shall be restricted to a matter of recent occurrence.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 184<\/b>, the foundation of the chapter.<br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 187:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall decide whether a motion OR A PART THEREOF is or is not admissible under these rules and DISALLOW any motion or a part thereof when the Speaker is of the opinion that it is an ABUSE OF THE RIGHT OF MOVING A MOTION or is CALCULATED TO OBSTRUCT OR PREJUDICIALLY AFFECTS THE PROCEDURE OF THE HOUSE or is IN CONTRAVENTION OF THESE RULES.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3 \u2014 Rule 186(iv):<\/b> <i>\"it shall BE RESTRICTED TO A MATTER OF RECENT OCCURRENCE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 187 is one of three identically drafted admissibility rules, and the 2025 paper set two of them in a single sitting<\/b> \u2014 Rule 43(1) for questions at Q25, and Rule 187 for motions at Q36. The third is <b>Rule 174<\/b> for resolutions. All three give the Speaker the same <b>THREE<\/b> grounds of disallowance, and all three extend to <b>\"a part thereof\"<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The \"recent occurrence\" requirement in clause (iv) also recurs:<\/b> <b>Rule 58(iii)<\/b> \u2014 an adjournment motion is restricted to a specific matter of recent occurrence involving responsibility of the Government of India; <b>Rule 224(ii)<\/b> \u2014 a question of privilege is restricted to a specific matter of recent occurrence.<br><br>\r\nNote that clause (iv) is one of the few conditions in Rule 186 stated in the <b>POSITIVE<\/b> \u2014 \"it shall BE restricted\" \u2014 which is why the 2025 paper built its distractor by inserting a \"not\" into it.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 319, part: 5, partId: 17,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 15: Short Duration Discussions\", rule: \"Second proviso to Rule 193\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"A notice for raising a short duration discussion on a matter of urgent public importance shall be given in writing to the Secretary-General, specifying clearly and precisely the matter to be raised, and shall be accompanied by an explanatory note stating the reasons for raising discussion on the matter; such notice shall further be supported by the signatures of :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"at least two other members\",\r\n      \"at least five other members\",\r\n      \"at least ten other members\",\r\n      \"at least fifty other members\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) at least two other members.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 193:<\/b> <i>\"Provided further that the notice shall be SUPPORTED BY THE SIGNATURES OF AT LEAST TWO OTHER MEMBERS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 193<\/b> itself: any member desirous of raising discussion on a matter of urgent public importance may give notice <b>IN WRITING TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b>, <i>\"specifying clearly and precisely the matter to be raised\"<\/i> \u2014 with the <b>FIRST<\/b> proviso requiring an <b>EXPLANATORY NOTE<\/b> stating the reasons for raising discussion on the matter.<br><br>\r\n<b>Three requirements, therefore, and a question can be set on any of them:<\/b> written notice to the Secretary-General; an explanatory note; and the signatures of at least two other members. A previous year's paper set the first two.<br><br>\r\n<b>The requirement of supporting signatures is unusual and worth noting<\/b> \u2014 most devices need only the member's own notice. Compare the numbers that support other devices:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 60(2)<\/b> and <b>Rule 198(2)<\/b> \u2014 <b>FIFTY<\/b> members must <b>RISE IN THEIR PLACES<\/b> (not sign) for leave for an adjournment motion or a no-confidence motion.<br>\r\n<b>Rules 7(2) and 8(2)<\/b> \u2014 a motion for the election of the Speaker or Deputy Speaker must be <b>SECONDED BY A THIRD MEMBER<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 193<\/b> \u2014 signatures of at least <b>TWO OTHER<\/b> members, so three in all.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 320, part: 5, partId: 18,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 15: Short Duration Discussions\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 194(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Where an early opportunity is otherwise available for the discussion of a matter for which notice of a short duration discussion has been given, the Speaker\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"may refuse to admit the notice\",\r\n      \"shall admit the notice and allot time for it\",\r\n      \"shall refer the matter to the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n      \"shall treat the notice as one for a half-an-hour discussion\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) may refuse to admit the notice.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 194(1):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that IF AN EARLY OPPORTUNITY IS OTHERWISE AVAILABLE FOR THE DISCUSSION OF THE MATTER THE SPEAKER MAY REFUSE TO ADMIT THE NOTICE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 194(1)<\/b> itself sets out how the Speaker decides: <i>\"If the Speaker is satisfied, AFTER CALLING FOR SUCH INFORMATION FROM THE MEMBER WHO HAS GIVEN NOTICE AND FROM THE MINISTER as the Speaker may consider necessary, that the matter is URGENT and is of SUFFICIENT IMPORTANCE to be raised in the House AT AN EARLY DATE, the Speaker may admit the notice.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Two features of the sub-rule are worth marking:<\/b> the Speaker may call for information from <b>BOTH SIDES<\/b> \u2014 the member and the Minister \u2014 before deciding; and the twin tests are <b>URGENCY<\/b> and <b>SUFFICIENT IMPORTANCE<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nThe proviso reflects the nature of the device: a Short Duration Discussion is a way of getting a matter before the House <b>QUICKLY<\/b>. If the House is going to reach it soon anyway \u2014 on a Bill, a motion, the Budget or a Calling Attention \u2014 there is nothing for the device to do.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the parallel provision for a Half-an-Hour Discussion \u2014 Rule 55(3):<\/b> the Speaker decides whether the matter is of sufficient public importance, and <i>\"MAY NOT ADMIT A NOTICE WHICH \u2026 SEEKS TO REVISE THE POLICY OF GOVERNMENT.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 321, part: 5, partId: 19,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 15: Short Duration Discussions\", rule: \"Rule 194(2)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 194(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the Speaker may allot two sittings in a week on which matters of urgent public importance may be taken up for a short duration discussion, and allow such time for discussion at or before the end of the sitting as he may consider appropriate in the circumstances, not exceeding :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"one hour\",\r\n      \"one and a half hours\",\r\n      \"two hours\",\r\n      \"two and a half hours\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) two hours.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 194(2):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may allot TWO SITTINGS IN A WEEK on which such matters may be taken up for discussion and allow such time for discussion NOT EXCEEDING TWO HOURS AT OR BEFORE THE END OF THE SITTING, as the Speaker may consider appropriate in the circumstances.\"<\/i> (The word \"two\" in place of the earlier figure was substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 30.4.1987.)<br><br>\r\n<b>The sub-rule carries TWO numbers<\/b> \u2014 <b>TWO SITTINGS<\/b> in a week and <b>TWO HOURS<\/b> of discussion. A previous year's paper took the first; this takes the second.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note also \"AT OR BEFORE THE END OF THE SITTING\"<\/b>, which is why a Short Duration Discussion does not interrupt other business. Only an <b>ADJOURNMENT MOTION<\/b> does that, because <b>Rule 61<\/b> fixes it at 16.00 hours \u2014 see <b>Rule 19(3)<\/b>, under which the discussion on the President's Address <i>\"shall be INTERRUPTED in the course of a sitting by an adjournment motion under rule 61.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Keep the two \"discussion\" devices apart \u2014 every question on this ground turns on the pair:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>SHORT DURATION<\/b> (Rules 193\u2013196) \u2014 <b>TWO<\/b> sittings a week, up to <b>TWO HOURS<\/b>, no prior question needed, notice supported by <b>TWO OTHER<\/b> members.<br>\r\n<b>HALF-AN-HOUR<\/b> (Rule 55) \u2014 <b>THREE<\/b> sittings a week, <b>HALF AN HOUR<\/b>, must arise from a <b>RECENT QUESTION<\/b>, notice <b>THREE DAYS<\/b> in advance, up to <b>FOUR<\/b> questioners chosen by ballot.<br>\r\nWhat they share: no formal motion and no voting (Rules 195 and 55(5)).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 322, part: 5, partId: 20,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 15: Short Duration Discussions\", rule: \"Rule 195\",\r\n    question: \"In a short duration discussion, a member other than the one who has given notice may take part in the discussion\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"only if he is among the first four members drawn by ballot\",\r\n      \"if he has previously intimated the Speaker and is permitted to do so\",\r\n      \"only with the consent of the Minister concerned\",\r\n      \"as of right, without any intimation\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) if he has previously intimated the Speaker and is permitted to do so.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 195:<\/b> <i>\"There shall be NO FORMAL MOTION before the House NOR VOTING. The member who has given notice may make a SHORT STATEMENT and the MINISTER SHALL REPLY SHORTLY. ANY MEMBER WHO HAS PREVIOUSLY INTIMATED TO THE SPEAKER MAY BE PERMITTED TO TAKE PART IN THE DISCUSSION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This is the point at which the Short Duration Discussion differs sharply from the Half-an-Hour Discussion, and option (a) is the trap.<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 195<\/b> \u2014 <b>ANY<\/b> member who has previously intimated the Speaker may be permitted to <b>TAKE PART IN THE DISCUSSION<\/b>. There is <b>NO CEILING<\/b> and <b>NO BALLOT<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 55(5)<\/b> \u2014 for a Half-an-Hour Discussion, <b>NOT MORE THAN FOUR<\/b> members who have previously intimated the <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b> may be permitted to <b>ASK A QUESTION EACH<\/b>; and by the Explanation, if more than four apply, a <b>BALLOT<\/b> decides the first four.<br><br>\r\n<b>Three differences in one line:<\/b> Short Duration \u2192 intimation to the <b>SPEAKER<\/b>, no limit, members <b>TAKE PART<\/b>. Half-an-Hour \u2192 intimation to the <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b>, limit of <b>FOUR<\/b> by ballot, members <b>ASK ONE QUESTION<\/b> each.<br><br>\r\nThe wider participation fits the wider device \u2014 two hours against half an hour.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 196:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker, IF THINKS FIT, MAY PRESCRIBE A TIME-LIMIT FOR THE SPEECHES.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 323, part: 5, partId: 21,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 15: Short Duration Discussions\", rule: \"Rule 195\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is correct with regard to the procedure followed in a short duration discussion in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a formal motion is moved and the House votes upon it\",\r\n      \"a formal motion is moved but there is no voting\",\r\n      \"there shall be no formal motion before the House nor voting\",\r\n      \"there is no formal motion, but the House may divide if a member so demands\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) there shall be no formal motion before the House nor voting.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 195:<\/b> <i>\"THERE SHALL BE NO FORMAL MOTION BEFORE THE HOUSE NOR VOTING.\"<\/i> The identical words appear in <b>Rule 55(5)<\/b> for a Half-an-Hour Discussion.<br><br>\r\n<b>Both devices are exceptions saved by the opening words of Rule 184<\/b>, which lays down the general principle: <i>\"SAVE IN SO FAR AS IS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN THE CONSTITUTION OR IN THESE RULES, no discussion of a matter of general public interest shall take place EXCEPT ON A MOTION made with the consent of the Speaker.\"<\/i> Rules 55(5) and 195 are precisely such \"otherwise provided\" cases.<br><br>\r\n<b>The absence of a motion has a real consequence:<\/b> there is nothing before the House to be carried or negatived, so the <b>GOVERNMENT CANNOT BE DEFEATED<\/b> on it. These devices ventilate a matter and elicit information; they do not test confidence.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the devices that DO carry a motion, and where a defeat matters:<\/b> an adjournment motion (Rules 56\u201363), which amounts to censure; a no-confidence motion (Rule 198); a resolution (Chapter XIII); a cut motion on a demand for grants (Rule 209); a motion under Chapter XIV.<br><br>\r\n<b>The sequence in a Short Duration Discussion:<\/b> a short statement by the member who gave notice \u2192 any members who have previously intimated the Speaker may take part \u2192 the Minister replies shortly. Nothing is put to the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 324, part: 5, partId: 22,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 15: Short Duration Discussions\", rule: \"Rule 193\",\r\n    question: \"A member desirous of raising a short duration discussion shall give notice in writing to the Secretary-General\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"specifying clearly and precisely the matter to be raised\",\r\n      \"stating the names of the Ministers he wishes to question\",\r\n      \"specifying the time he requires for his speech\",\r\n      \"indicating the day on which he wishes the matter to be taken up\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) specifying clearly and precisely the matter to be raised.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 193:<\/b> <i>\"Any member desirous of raising discussion on A MATTER OF URGENT PUBLIC IMPORTANCE may give notice IN WRITING TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL SPECIFYING CLEARLY AND PRECISELY THE MATTER TO BE RAISED: Provided that the notice shall be ACCOMPANIED BY AN EXPLANATORY NOTE STATING REASONS for raising discussion on the matter in question: Provided further that the notice shall be SUPPORTED BY THE SIGNATURES OF AT LEAST TWO OTHER MEMBERS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>\"Clearly and precisely\" is a recurring formula in the Rules, and it is worth recognising:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 173(i)<\/b> \u2014 a resolution shall be clearly and precisely expressed.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 41(2)(i)<\/b> \u2014 a question shall be clearly and precisely expressed and not too general.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 72(2)<\/b> \u2014 notice to oppose the introduction of a Bill shall specify clearly and precisely the objections to be raised.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 377<\/b> \u2014 a member raising a matter which is not a point of order shall specify clearly and precisely the text of the matter.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 200A(ii)<\/b> \u2014 a resolution for the removal of the Speaker shall be clearly and precisely expressed.<br><br>\r\n<b>The subject-matter is \"A MATTER OF URGENT PUBLIC IMPORTANCE\"<\/b> \u2014 the same expression as in <b>Rule 56<\/b> (adjournment motions) and <b>Rule 197(1)<\/b> (Calling Attention). Contrast <b>Rule 55(1)<\/b>, where a Half-an-Hour Discussion needs a matter of <b>SUFFICIENT PUBLIC IMPORTANCE<\/b> which has been the subject of a recent question.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 325, part: 5, partId: 23,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 15: Short Duration Discussions\", rule: \"Rule 194(1)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 194(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, before admitting a notice for a short duration discussion, the Speaker may call for such information as he may consider necessary from\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the member who has given notice only\",\r\n      \"the Minister only\",\r\n      \"the member who has given notice and from the Minister\",\r\n      \"the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the member who has given notice and from the Minister.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 194(1):<\/b> <i>\"If the Speaker is satisfied, AFTER CALLING FOR SUCH INFORMATION FROM THE MEMBER WHO HAS GIVEN NOTICE AND FROM THE MINISTER as the Speaker may consider necessary, that the matter is urgent and is of sufficient importance to be raised in the House at an early date, the Speaker may admit the notice.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe Chair may hear <b>BOTH SIDES<\/b> before deciding admissibility \u2014 the member who wants the discussion and the Minister who would have to answer it.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same technique of hearing the Government before ruling appears at two other points, and the three are worth collecting:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 60(1)<\/b> \u2014 where the Speaker is <b>NOT IN POSSESSION OF FULL FACTS<\/b> about an adjournment motion, he may read the notice and hear <i>\"from the Minister, or members concerned, A BRIEF STATEMENT ON FACTS\"<\/i> and then decide admissibility.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 44 proviso<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may call on a member to state briefly his reasons for desiring an oral answer before directing that a question go on the written list.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 83<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may call on a member who has given notice of an amendment to explain its object.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that a MINISTER's CONSENT is NOT required here<\/b>, only his information. Consent is required in exactly two places in the book \u2014 <b>Rule 38<\/b> and the third proviso to <b>Rule 55(2)<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 326, part: 5, partId: 24,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 15: Short Duration Discussions\", rule: \"Rules 55 and 195\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. In a half-an-hour discussion, not more than four members who have previously intimated the Secretary-General may be permitted to ask a question each.<br>2. In a short duration discussion, any member who has previously intimated the Speaker may be permitted to take part in the discussion.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 proviso to Rule 55(5):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that NOT MORE THAN FOUR MEMBERS who have previously intimated to the SECRETARY-GENERAL may be permitted to ASK A QUESTION EACH for the purpose of further elucidating any matter of fact.\"<\/i> And by the <b>Explanation<\/b>, if more than four apply, a <b>BALLOT<\/b> determines the first four.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 195:<\/b> <i>\"ANY MEMBER WHO HAS PREVIOUSLY INTIMATED TO THE SPEAKER MAY BE PERMITTED TO TAKE PART IN THE DISCUSSION.\"<\/i> No ceiling; no ballot.<br><br>\r\n<b>The two provisions differ in three ways at once, and that is what makes the pair examinable:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>WHO IS INTIMATED<\/b> \u2014 the Secretary-General for a Half-an-Hour Discussion; the <b>SPEAKER<\/b> for a Short Duration Discussion.<br>\r\n<b>HOW MANY<\/b> \u2014 <b>FOUR<\/b>, by ballot if more apply; <b>NO LIMIT<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>WHAT THEY MAY DO<\/b> \u2014 <b>ASK ONE QUESTION<\/b> each; <b>TAKE PART IN THE DISCUSSION<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nThe difference in scale follows from the difference in time: half an hour on three sittings a week against up to two hours on two sittings a week.<br><br>\r\n<b>What the two devices share:<\/b> no formal motion and no voting (Rules 55(5) and 195); the Minister replies shortly; and the Speaker may, if he thinks fit, prescribe a time-limit for speeches (Rule 196 for the Short Duration Discussion).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 327, part: 5, partId: 25,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 15: Short Duration Discussions\", rule: \"Rule 196\",\r\n    question: \"In respect of speeches in a short duration discussion, the Speaker\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall prescribe a time-limit\",\r\n      \"shall prescribe a time-limit after taking the sense of the House\",\r\n      \"may, if he thinks fit, prescribe a time-limit\",\r\n      \"may prescribe a time-limit only on the recommendation of the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) may, if he thinks fit, prescribe a time-limit.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 196:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker, IF THINKS FIT, MAY PRESCRIBE A TIME-LIMIT FOR THE SPEECHES.\"<\/i> \u2014 in identical terms to <b>Rule 192<\/b> for motions and <b>Rule 198(5)<\/b> for a no-confidence motion.<br><br>\r\n<b>The time-limit provisions divide into three families, and knowing which family a rule belongs to answers every question on this ground:<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>DISCRETIONARY, no consultation<\/b> \u2014 <b>Rule 192<\/b> (motions), <b>Rule 196<\/b> (short duration discussions), <b>Rule 198(5)<\/b> (no-confidence motion).<br>\r\n<b>DISCRETIONARY, but after taking the sense of the House<\/b> \u2014 <b>Rule 21<\/b> (President's Address) and <b>Rule 363(1)<\/b> (where a debate becomes unduly protracted).<br>\r\n<b>FIXED BY THE RULE ITSELF<\/b> \u2014 <b>Rule 178<\/b> (resolutions: fifteen minutes, thirty for the mover and the Minister speaking first); <b>Rule 203<\/b> (removal of the Speaker or Deputy Speaker: fifteen minutes, with the mover allowed longer at the Chair's discretion); <b>Rules 290 and 295<\/b> (motions on Committee reports: half an hour in all, five minutes per member).<br><br>\r\n<b>And ONE rule stands alone as MANDATORY \u2014 Rule 63:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker SHALL prescribe a time limit for speeches\"<\/i> on an adjournment motion. It is the only \"shall\" in the group, which is exactly why it is worth remembering.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 328, part: 5, partId: 26,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 15: Short Duration Discussions\", rule: \"Rules 193\u2013196\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to short duration discussions?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The notice shall be accompanied by an explanatory note stating reasons for raising discussion on the matter\",\r\n      \"The Speaker may allot two sittings in a week on which such matters may be taken up for discussion\",\r\n      \"The member who has given notice may move a formal motion, on which the House shall vote\",\r\n      \"The Speaker may refuse to admit the notice if an early opportunity is otherwise available for the discussion of the matter\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 195:<\/b> <i>\"THERE SHALL BE NO FORMAL MOTION BEFORE THE HOUSE NOR VOTING. The member who has given notice may make A SHORT STATEMENT and the Minister shall reply shortly.\"<\/i> A short statement, not a motion; and nothing is voted upon.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>First proviso to Rule 193<\/b> \u2014 the explanatory note (A \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>Rule 194(2)<\/b> \u2014 two sittings in a week, and up to two hours at or before the end of the sitting (B \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 194(1)<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may refuse the notice if an early opportunity is otherwise available (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>Chapter XV in four rules:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>193<\/b> \u2014 notice in writing to the Secretary-General, clearly and precisely specifying the matter; explanatory note; signatures of at least <b>two other<\/b> members.<br>\r\n<b>194(1)<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may call for information from the member <b>and the Minister<\/b>; tests are urgency and sufficient importance; proviso \u2014 refusal where an early opportunity exists.<br>\r\n<b>194(2)<\/b> \u2014 <b>two<\/b> sittings a week, up to <b>two<\/b> hours, at or before the end of the sitting.<br>\r\n<b>195<\/b> \u2014 no formal motion, no voting; short statement; any member who has intimated the <b>Speaker<\/b> may take part; the Minister replies shortly.<br>\r\n<b>196<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may, if he thinks fit, prescribe a time-limit.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 329, part: 5, partId: 27,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 16: Calling Attention\", rule: \"Rule 197(3)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"Where a member, with the previous permission of the Speaker, calls the attention of a Minister to a matter of urgent public importance, the second such matter at a sitting shall not be raised by the same members who have raised the first and shall be raised at such time as the Speaker may fix; the number of such matters that may be raised at the same sitting is :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"not more than one\",\r\n      \"not more than four\",\r\n      \"not more than two\",\r\n      \"not more than five\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) not more than two.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 197(3):<\/b> <i>\"NOT MORE THAN TWO SUCH MATTERS SHALL BE RAISED AT THE SAME SITTING: Provided that the SECOND MATTER SHALL NOT BE RAISED BY THE SAME MEMBERS WHO HAVE RAISED THE FIRST MATTER and it shall be raised at SUCH TIME AS THE SPEAKER MAY FIX.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso carries two separate restrictions<\/b>, and both are examinable: the second matter must be raised by <b>DIFFERENT MEMBERS<\/b>, and it is taken at <b>SUCH TIME AS THE SPEAKER MAY FIX<\/b>. The first spreads the opportunity among members; the second keeps the timing with the Chair.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 197 is full of small numbers, and they must be kept apart:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>TWO<\/b> \u2014 notices a member may give for any one sitting (proviso to 197(1)).<br>\r\n<b>FIVE<\/b> \u2014 names shown in the list of business (proviso to 197(2)).<br>\r\n<b>TWO<\/b> \u2014 matters raised at the same sitting (197(3)).<br>\r\n<b>FIVE OR LESS<\/b> \u2014 the number of members giving notices on an admitted subject below which inter-se priority goes by <b>date and time of receipt<\/b> instead of ballot (Explanation (iv)).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 197(4)<\/b> settles competition between subjects: <i>\"In the event of MORE THAN ONE MATTER BEING PRESENTED FOR THE SAME DAY, PRIORITY SHALL BE GIVEN TO THE MATTER WHICH IS, IN THE OPINION OF THE SPEAKER, MORE URGENT AND IMPORTANT.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 330, part: 5, partId: 28,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 16: Calling Attention\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 197(3)\",\r\n    question: \"Where a second matter is raised by way of Calling Attention at the same sitting,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"it shall be raised immediately after the first matter is disposed of\",\r\n      \"it shall not be raised by the same members who have raised the first matter, and shall be raised at such time as the Speaker may fix\",\r\n      \"it shall be raised only with the consent of the Minister concerned\",\r\n      \"it shall be raised by the members who secure the next places in the ballot\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 197(3):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that the SECOND MATTER SHALL NOT BE RAISED BY THE SAME MEMBERS WHO HAVE RAISED THE FIRST MATTER and it shall be raised at SUCH TIME AS THE SPEAKER MAY FIX.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The first restriction spreads the device across the House.<\/b> A Calling Attention is a valuable slot \u2014 the Minister must make a statement, and five members may put clarificatory questions. If the same group could take both slots at a sitting, the device would be monopolised.<br><br>\r\n<b>The second restriction \u2014 \"at such time as the Speaker may fix\" \u2014 is why option (a) is wrong.<\/b> The second matter does not automatically follow the first; the Chair places it where it suits the day's business. (The words \"such time\" were substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>The same anti-monopoly principle runs through the Rules:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 37(1)<\/b> \u2014 not more than <b>ONE<\/b> starred question by the same member on the list for any one day.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 45(2)<\/b> \u2014 <b>FOUR or FIVE<\/b> unstarred questions per member.<br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 57<\/b> \u2014 no member shall give more than <b>ONE<\/b> adjournment notice for any one sitting.<br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 197(1)<\/b> \u2014 no member shall give more than <b>TWO<\/b> Calling Attention notices for any one sitting.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(5) Explanation<\/b> \u2014 a ballot where more than four members apply to question.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 331, part: 5, partId: 29,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 16: Calling Attention\", rule: \"Rule 197(4)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 197(4) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where more than one matter is presented for Calling Attention for the same day, priority shall be given to the matter which\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"was received earliest in point of time\",\r\n      \"relates to the Ministry whose day it is under the rotation\",\r\n      \"is supported by the larger number of members\",\r\n      \"is, in the opinion of the Speaker, more urgent and important\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) is, in the opinion of the Speaker, more urgent and important.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 197(4):<\/b> <i>\"In the event of MORE THAN ONE MATTER BEING PRESENTED FOR THE SAME DAY, PRIORITY SHALL BE GIVEN TO THE MATTER WHICH IS, IN THE OPINION OF THE SPEAKER, MORE URGENT AND IMPORTANT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note that this is a judgment of SUBSTANCE, not a mechanical rule.<\/b> Priority between competing SUBJECTS turns on urgency and importance as the Chair sees them.<br><br>\r\n<b>Distinguish it carefully from the Explanation, which deals with competing NOTICES ON THE SAME SUBJECT:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Explanation (ii)<\/b> \u2014 notices for a sitting received up to 10.00 hours are deemed received at 10.00 hours on that day, <i>\"and A BALLOT SHALL BE HELD to determine the RELATIVE PRIORITY of each such notice ON THE SAME SUBJECT.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Explanation (iv)<\/b> \u2014 but where the number of members giving notices on an admitted subject is <b>FIVE OR LESS<\/b>, <i>\"their INTER-SE PRIORITY SHALL BE DETERMINED WITH REFERENCE TO THE DATE AND TIME OF RECEIPT OF NOTICES.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>So three different tests operate at three different levels, and mixing them up is the commonest error on this rule:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>BETWEEN SUBJECTS<\/b> \u2192 the Speaker's view of urgency and importance (197(4)).<br>\r\n<b>BETWEEN NOTICES ON ONE SUBJECT, more than five members<\/b> \u2192 <b>BALLOT<\/b> (Explanation (ii)).<br>\r\n<b>BETWEEN NOTICES ON ONE SUBJECT, five or less<\/b> \u2192 <b>DATE AND TIME OF RECEIPT<\/b> (Explanation (iv)).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 332, part: 5, partId: 30,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 16: Calling Attention\", rule: \"Rule 197(5)\",\r\n    question: \"Calling Attention notices which have not been taken up during the week for which they have been given\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall be carried forward to the following week\",\r\n      \"shall be returned to the members concerned\",\r\n      \"shall be treated as notices for a short duration discussion\",\r\n      \"shall lapse at the end of the week, unless the Speaker has admitted any of them for a subsequent sitting\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 197(5):<\/b> <i>\"ALL THE NOTICES WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN TAKEN UP DURING THE WEEK FOR WHICH THEY HAVE BEEN GIVEN, SHALL LAPSE AT THE END OF THE WEEK UNLESS THE SPEAKER HAS ADMITTED ANY OF THEM FOR A SUBSEQUENT SITTING: Provided that a NOTICE REFERRED FOR FACTS TO A MINISTER SHALL NOT LAPSE TILL IT IS FINALLY DISPOSED OF BY THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i> (Substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 30.4.1987.)<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso is the detail worth carrying.<\/b> A notice which the Chair has sent to a Minister <b>FOR FACTS<\/b> is protected from the weekly lapse until the Speaker finally disposes of it \u2014 the member is not to be penalised for a delay in the Ministry's response.<br><br>\r\n<b>The whole weekly scheme comes from Explanation (iii):<\/b> <i>\"Notices received during a week COMMENCING FROM ITS FIRST SITTING TILL 10.00 HOURS ON THE LAST DAY OF THE WEEK ON WHICH THE HOUSE SITS, SHALL BE VALID FOR THAT WEEK. Notices received AFTER 10.00 hours on the last day of the week on which the House sits, SHALL BE VALID FOR THE FOLLOWING WEEK.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Calling Attention is the only device in the book with a WEEKLY notice cycle.<\/b> Elsewhere lapse works differently \u2014 <b>Rule 39(4)<\/b>, questions lapse only if the LAST SITTING of a session is cancelled; <b>Rule 52<\/b>, a question notice lapses if the member fails to reply to a reference; <b>Rule 336<\/b>, motions do not lapse on prorogation.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 333, part: 5, partId: 31,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 16: Calling Attention\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 197(5)\",\r\n    question: \"A Calling Attention notice which has been referred for facts to a Minister\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall lapse at the end of the week like any other notice\",\r\n      \"shall be converted into a question for written answer\",\r\n      \"shall stand admitted on receipt of the Minister's reply\",\r\n      \"shall not lapse till it is finally disposed of by the Speaker\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) shall not lapse till it is finally disposed of by the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 197(5):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that a NOTICE REFERRED FOR FACTS TO A MINISTER SHALL NOT LAPSE TILL IT IS FINALLY DISPOSED OF BY THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe proviso protects the member against a delay for which he is not responsible. The main limb of Rule 197(5) makes every untaken notice lapse at the end of its week; this one is held over until the Chair has finally ruled on it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that even then it is the SPEAKER who disposes of it<\/b> \u2014 not the Minister. The Minister supplies facts; the decision on admissibility remains with the Chair, exactly as under <b>Rule 194(1)<\/b> for a short duration discussion, where the Speaker may call for information <i>\"from the member who has given notice AND FROM THE MINISTER\"<\/i> before admitting the notice, and under the second proviso to <b>Rule 60(1)<\/b>, where he may hear a brief statement on facts from the Minister before ruling on an adjournment motion.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare Rule 52<\/b>, which works the other way round: where a reference is made <b>TO A MEMBER<\/b> in connection with the notice of a question and no reply, or a late reply, is received, the notice <b>SHALL BE DEEMED TO HAVE LAPSED<\/b>. A delay by the member kills the notice; a delay by the Ministry does not.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 334, part: 5, partId: 32,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 16: Calling Attention\", rule: \"Rule 197(2)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 197(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, on a statement made by a Minister in response to a Calling Attention,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a debate not exceeding half an hour may take place\",\r\n      \"there shall be no debate, but each member in whose name the item stands in the list of business may, with the permission of the Speaker, ask a clarificatory question\",\r\n      \"any member may ask a clarificatory question without the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Minister shall reply to each question as it is asked\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 197(2):<\/b> <i>\"THERE SHALL BE NO DEBATE ON SUCH STATEMENT AT THE TIME IT IS MADE but EACH MEMBER IN WHOSE NAME THE ITEM STANDS IN THE LIST OF BUSINESS MAY, WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER, ASK A CLARIFICATORY QUESTION and THE MINISTER SHALL REPLY AT THE END TO ALL SUCH QUESTIONS: Provided that NAMES OF NOT MORE THAN FIVE MEMBERS SHALL BE SHOWN IN THE LIST OF BUSINESS.\"<\/i> (Substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 30.4.1987.)<br><br>\r\n<b>Three restrictions sit in that sub-rule, and option (d) fails on the third:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>NO DEBATE<\/b> on the statement at the time it is made;<br>\r\n\u2022 only the members <b>WHOSE NAMES STAND IN THE LIST OF BUSINESS<\/b> \u2014 at most five, by the proviso \u2014 may ask, and then only <b>WITH THE SPEAKER's PERMISSION<\/b>;<br>\r\n\u2022 the Minister <b>REPLIES AT THE END TO ALL<\/b> such questions, not to each as it comes.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the Question Hour \u2014 Rule 50(1):<\/b> there a supplementary may be asked by the member in whose name the question is listed <b>OR ANY OTHER MEMBER<\/b> when called by the Speaker, and the Minister answers each. Calling Attention is tighter on both counts.<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso's figure of FIVE is the one most often confused<\/b> with the <b>FOUR<\/b> questioners in a Half-an-Hour Discussion (proviso to Rule 55(5)). Five for Calling Attention; four for Half-an-Hour.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 335, part: 5, partId: 33,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 16: Calling Attention\", rule: \"Explanation (ii) to Rule 197\",\r\n    question: \"Calling Attention notices for a sitting received up to 10.00 hours shall be deemed to have been received at 10.00 hours on that day, and where several such notices relate to the same subject their relative priority shall be determined by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the order in which they were actually received\",\r\n      \"a ballot\",\r\n      \"the seniority of the members giving them\",\r\n      \"the Speaker in his discretion\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) a ballot.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Explanation (ii) to Rule 197:<\/b> <i>\"NOTICES FOR A SITTING RECEIVED UPTO 10.00 HOURS SHALL BE DEEMED TO HAVE BEEN RECEIVED AT 10.00 HOURS ON THAT DAY and A BALLOT SHALL BE HELD TO DETERMINE THE RELATIVE PRIORITY OF EACH SUCH NOTICE ON THE SAME SUBJECT. NOTICES RECEIVED AFTER 10.00 HOURS SHALL BE DEEMED TO HAVE BEEN GIVEN FOR THE NEXT SITTING.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The deeming is what makes the ballot necessary.<\/b> Every notice received before 10.00 hours is treated as having arrived at exactly the same moment, so time of receipt cannot separate them \u2014 and a ballot does the work instead. That is why option (a) is wrong for this clause.<br><br>\r\n<b>But Explanation (iv) reverses it in one situation:<\/b> <i>\"In case the number of members giving notices on a subject that is admitted by the Speaker, is FIVE OR LESS, their INTER-SE PRIORITY SHALL BE DETERMINED WITH REFERENCE TO THE DATE AND TIME OF RECEIPT OF NOTICES.\"<\/i> (Substituted 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>The reason is the five-name ceiling in the proviso to Rule 197(2).<\/b> If five or fewer members have given notice on the subject, all of them can be listed and there is nothing to ballot for \u2014 so the simpler test of date and time is used.<br><br>\r\n<b>The 10.00-hour deadline again<\/b> \u2014 the fifth of its family, with adjournment motions (Rule 57), no-confidence motions (198(1)(b)), questions of privilege (223) and notices opposing the introduction of a Bill (72(2)).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 336, part: 5, partId: 34,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 16: Calling Attention\", rule: \"Explanation (iv) to Rule 197\",\r\n    question: \"Where the number of members giving Calling Attention notices on a subject admitted by the Speaker is five or less, their inter-se priority shall be determined\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"by ballot\",\r\n      \"by the order in which the members' names appear in the list of business\",\r\n      \"by the Speaker in his discretion\",\r\n      \"with reference to the date and time of receipt of notices\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) with reference to the date and time of receipt of notices.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Explanation (iv) to Rule 197:<\/b> <i>\"In case the NUMBER OF MEMBERS GIVING NOTICES ON A SUBJECT THAT IS ADMITTED BY THE SPEAKER, IS FIVE OR LESS, their INTER-SE PRIORITY SHALL BE DETERMINED WITH REFERENCE TO THE DATE AND TIME OF RECEIPT OF NOTICES.\"<\/i> (The words \"five or less\" were substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>The figure FIVE is not arbitrary \u2014 it matches the proviso to Rule 197(2)<\/b>, under which <i>\"names of NOT MORE THAN FIVE MEMBERS shall be shown in the list of business.\"<\/i> If five or fewer members have given notice on the subject, every one of them can be listed, so there is no competition and nothing to ballot for. Priority among them is then settled by the simplest test available.<br><br>\r\n<b>The two Explanations must be read together, and the boundary between them is the examinable point:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>MORE THAN FIVE<\/b> members on a subject \u2192 <b>BALLOT<\/b> (Explanation (ii)), because the ten-o'clock deeming has made all the notices simultaneous.<br>\r\n<b>FIVE OR LESS<\/b> \u2192 <b>DATE AND TIME OF RECEIPT<\/b> (Explanation (iv)).<br><br>\r\n<b>And distinguish both from Rule 197(4)<\/b>, which settles priority <b>BETWEEN DIFFERENT SUBJECTS<\/b> \u2014 there it is the Speaker's opinion of which matter is <b>MORE URGENT AND IMPORTANT<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 337, part: 5, partId: 35,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 16: Calling Attention\", rule: \"Explanation (iii) to Rule 197\",\r\n    question: \"Calling Attention notices received after 10.00 hours on the last day of the week on which the House sits\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall be valid for that week\",\r\n      \"shall be deemed to have been given for the next sitting of that week\",\r\n      \"shall lapse forthwith\",\r\n      \"shall be valid for the following week\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) shall be valid for the following week.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Explanation (iii) to Rule 197:<\/b> <i>\"NOTICES RECEIVED DURING A WEEK COMMENCING FROM ITS FIRST SITTING TILL 10.00 HOURS ON THE LAST DAY OF THE WEEK ON WHICH THE HOUSE SITS, SHALL BE VALID FOR THAT WEEK. NOTICES RECEIVED AFTER 10.00 HOURS ON THE LAST DAY OF THE WEEK ON WHICH THE HOUSE SITS, SHALL BE VALID FOR THE FOLLOWING WEEK.\"<\/i> (Added by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 30.4.1987.)<br><br>\r\n<b>Calling Attention is unique in working on a WEEKLY cycle.<\/b> Every other notice in the book is referable to a sitting or a day; only this one is valid for a week, with a defined opening and closing moment \u2014 from the <b>FIRST SITTING<\/b> of the week to <b>10.00 hours on the LAST DAY on which the House sits<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Read Explanation (iii) with Rule 197(5)<\/b>, which supplies the consequence: <i>\"All the notices which have not been taken up DURING THE WEEK for which they have been given, SHALL LAPSE AT THE END OF THE WEEK unless the Speaker has admitted any of them for a subsequent sitting.\"<\/i> \u2014 with the proviso saving a notice referred to a Minister for facts.<br><br>\r\n<b>So the whole life of a Calling Attention notice is measured in weeks:<\/b> it is valid for the week in which it is received (or the next, if received after 10.00 hours on the last sitting day of the week); a ballot or the date-and-time test fixes its priority within the subject; and if not taken up, it lapses at the end of that week.<br><br>\r\n<b>Explanation (i)<\/b> completes the set: a notice signed by more than one member is deemed given by the <b>FIRST SIGNATORY ONLY<\/b> \u2014 the same deeming as in Rules 34(2), 54(3A), 55(2) and 57.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 338, part: 5, partId: 36,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 16: Calling Attention\", rule: \"Rules 197(1), 56, 222 and 377\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the gateway to certain devices:<br>1. A Calling Attention may be made with the previous permission of the Speaker.<br>2. A motion for the adjournment of the business of the House may be made with the consent of the Speaker.<br>3. A member may raise a question involving a breach of privilege with the consent of the Speaker.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 197(1)<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"A member may, WITH THE PREVIOUS PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER, call the attention of a Minister to any matter of urgent public importance.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 56<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"a motion for an adjournment of the business of the House \u2026 may be made WITH THE CONSENT OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 222<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"A member may, WITH THE CONSENT OF THE SPEAKER, raise a question involving a breach of privilege either of a member or of the House or of a Committee thereof.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The Speaker's prior authority is the gateway to every extraordinary device in the book<\/b>, and the phrase varies slightly from rule to rule without changing the substance:<br>\r\n<b>\"PREVIOUS PERMISSION\"<\/b> \u2014 Calling Attention (197(1)).<br>\r\n<b>\"CONSENT\"<\/b> \u2014 adjournment motion (56); question of privilege (222); a motion on a matter of general public interest (184); adjournment of the debate on a Bill (109); raising a matter which is not a point of order (377).<br>\r\n<b>\"PERMISSION\"<\/b> \u2014 asking a supplementary out of turn (50(1), on being called); moving a resolution through another member (176(2)\u2013(3)).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 184 is the source of the whole scheme:<\/b> <i>\"Save in so far as is otherwise provided in the Constitution or in these rules, NO DISCUSSION of a matter of general public interest shall take place EXCEPT ON A MOTION MADE WITH THE CONSENT OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i> Everything in Chapters XV to XVIII is either an application of that principle or an exception saved by its opening words.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 339, part: 5, partId: 37,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 16: Calling Attention\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 197(1)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"A member may, with the previous permission of the Speaker, call the attention of a Minister to any matter of urgent public importance, and the Minister may make a brief statement or ask for time to make a statement at a later hour or date; the number of such notices a member may give for any one sitting is :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"not more than one\",\r\n      \"not more than five\",\r\n      \"not more than three\",\r\n      \"not more than two\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) not more than two.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 197(1):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that NO MEMBER SHALL GIVE MORE THAN TWO SUCH NOTICES FOR ANY ONE SITTING.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 197(1)<\/b> itself: <i>\"A member may, WITH THE PREVIOUS PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER, CALL THE ATTENTION OF A MINISTER to any matter of URGENT PUBLIC IMPORTANCE and the Minister MAY MAKE A BRIEF STATEMENT OR ASK FOR TIME TO MAKE A STATEMENT AT A LATER HOUR OR DATE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note that the Minister has an option<\/b> \u2014 a brief statement now, or time to make one later. He is not obliged to answer on the spot.<br><br>\r\n<b>The per-sitting ceilings across the devices, as a set:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>ONE<\/b> \u2014 adjournment motion notice (second proviso to Rule 57); one starred question on the list (Rule 37(1)); one privilege question at the same sitting (Rule 224(i)); one adjournment motion at the same sitting and one matter on it (Rule 58(i)\u2013(ii)).<br>\r\n<b>TWO<\/b> \u2014 Calling Attention notices per member (proviso to 197(1)); and Calling Attention matters raised at the same sitting (197(3)).<br><br>\r\n<b>Do not confuse the TWO notices a member may give with the TWO matters that may be raised.<\/b> They are different limits in different sub-rules that happen to share a figure \u2014 and the proviso to 197(3) adds that the second matter must be raised by <b>DIFFERENT MEMBERS<\/b> from the first.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 340, part: 5, partId: 38,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 16: Calling Attention\", rule: \"Rule 197(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Where a member calls the attention of a Minister to a matter of urgent public importance, the Minister\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall make a statement forthwith\",\r\n      \"may make a brief statement or ask for time to make a statement at a later hour or date\",\r\n      \"shall lay a written statement on the Table\",\r\n      \"shall reply only after the clarificatory questions have been asked\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 197(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member may, with the previous permission of the Speaker, call the attention of a Minister to any matter of urgent public importance and THE MINISTER MAY MAKE A BRIEF STATEMENT OR ASK FOR TIME TO MAKE A STATEMENT AT A LATER HOUR OR DATE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The Minister is given an option, not a command.<\/b> The device draws his attention to a matter; whether he answers at once or asks for time is his to choose, and the rule expressly contemplates a statement <b>AT A LATER HOUR OR DATE<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) inverts the sequence in Rule 197(2):<\/b> the Minister makes his <b>STATEMENT FIRST<\/b>; the members in whose names the item stands may then, with the Speaker's permission, ask <b>ONE CLARIFICATORY QUESTION<\/b> each; and <i>\"the Minister shall REPLY AT THE END TO ALL SUCH QUESTIONS.\"<\/i> Statement \u2192 questions \u2192 a single reply at the end.<br><br>\r\n<b>The device in one line:<\/b> the attention is that of the <b>MINISTER<\/b>; the gateway is the <b>SPEAKER's PREVIOUS PERMISSION<\/b>; the subject must be of <b>URGENT PUBLIC IMPORTANCE<\/b>; there is <b>NO DEBATE<\/b>, only clarificatory questions from at most <b>FIVE<\/b> listed members.<br><br>\r\nCalling Attention has been described as an Indian innovation, combining an element of a question with a short comment \u2014 a point that has been set in a previous year's paper.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 341, part: 5, partId: 39,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 16: Calling Attention\", rule: \"Rule 197\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to Calling Attention?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A member may call the attention of a Minister with the previous permission of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"Names of not more than five members shall be shown in the list of business\",\r\n      \"The second matter at a sitting may be raised by the same members who have raised the first matter\",\r\n      \"Notices received after 10.00 hours shall be deemed to have been given for the next sitting\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 197(3):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that the second matter SHALL NOT BE RAISED BY THE SAME MEMBERS WHO HAVE RAISED THE FIRST MATTER and it shall be raised at such time as the Speaker may fix.\"<\/i> The option states the exact opposite.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 197(1)<\/b> \u2014 with the previous permission of the Speaker (A \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 197(2)<\/b> \u2014 not more than five names in the list of business (B \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>Explanation (ii)<\/b> \u2014 notices received after 10.00 hours are deemed given for the next sitting (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 197 is a single rule with an unusually dense structure, and it repays being held as a whole:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>197(1)<\/b> + proviso \u2014 Speaker's previous permission; Minister's option to state now or later; <b>two<\/b> notices per member per sitting.<br>\r\n<b>197(2)<\/b> + proviso \u2014 no debate; one clarificatory question each; Minister replies at the end; <b>five<\/b> names listed.<br>\r\n<b>Explanation (i)\u2013(iv)<\/b> \u2014 first signatory only; 10.00-hour deeming and <b>ballot<\/b>; the <b>weekly<\/b> validity cycle; <b>five or less<\/b> \u2192 date and time of receipt.<br>\r\n<b>197(3)<\/b> + proviso \u2014 <b>two<\/b> matters per sitting; the second by <b>different members<\/b>, at a time the Speaker fixes.<br>\r\n<b>197(4)<\/b> \u2014 priority between subjects by the Speaker's view of urgency and importance.<br>\r\n<b>197(5)<\/b> + proviso \u2014 weekly <b>lapse<\/b>; a notice referred to a Minister for facts survives.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 342, part: 5, partId: 40,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 16: Calling Attention\", rule: \"Rules 197(4) and Explanations (ii) and (iv)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding priority among Calling Attention notices:<br>1. Priority between different matters presented for the same day is determined by the Speaker's opinion as to which is more urgent and important.<br>2. Where several notices relate to the same subject and are deemed received at 10.00 hours, a ballot determines their relative priority.<br>3. Where the number of members giving notices on an admitted subject is five or less, priority is determined by the date and time of receipt.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 197(4):<\/b> priority is given to the matter which is, <i>\"in the opinion of the Speaker, MORE URGENT AND IMPORTANT.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Explanation (ii):<\/b> notices received up to 10.00 hours are deemed received at 10.00 hours, <i>\"and A BALLOT SHALL BE HELD to determine the relative priority of each such notice ON THE SAME SUBJECT.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3 \u2014 Explanation (iv):<\/b> where the number of members giving notices on an admitted subject is <b>FIVE OR LESS<\/b>, <i>\"their inter-se priority shall be determined with reference to the DATE AND TIME OF RECEIPT of notices.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Three tests at three levels, and this item collects them because mixing them up is the commonest error on Rule 197:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>BETWEEN SUBJECTS<\/b> \u2192 the Speaker's judgment of urgency and importance.<br>\r\n<b>WITHIN ONE SUBJECT, more than five members<\/b> \u2192 <b>BALLOT<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>WITHIN ONE SUBJECT, five or less<\/b> \u2192 <b>DATE AND TIME OF RECEIPT<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The logic that ties them together is the five-name ceiling in the proviso to Rule 197(2).<\/b> Where five or fewer members have given notice, all can be listed and there is nothing to compete for. Where more have, the 10.00-hour deeming has made every notice simultaneous, so only a ballot can separate them.<br><br>\r\n<b>Calling Attention is one of only four devices using a ballot<\/b> \u2014 the others being short notice questions (Rule 54(4)), Half-an-Hour Discussions (Rule 55(4) and the Explanation to 55(5)), and adjournment motions (Explanation (ii) to Rule 57).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 343, part: 5, partId: 41,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned\", rule: \"Rule 198(1)(a)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 198(1)(a) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, under the restrictions governing a motion expressing want of confidence in the Council of Ministers, leave to make the motion shall be asked for by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Leader of the Opposition, on behalf of the members supporting the motion\",\r\n      \"the member, when called by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"any fifty members rising together in their places\",\r\n      \"the member, immediately on the commencement of the sitting\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the member, when called by the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(1):<\/b> <i>\"A motion expressing want of confidence in the Council of Ministers may be made subject to the following restrictions, namely:\u2014 (a) LEAVE TO MAKE THE MOTION SHALL BE ASKED FOR BY THE MEMBER WHEN CALLED BY THE SPEAKER; (b) the member asking for leave shall, BY 10.00 HOURS ON THAT DAY give to the Secretary-General a written notice of the motion which such member proposes to move.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note that the initiative belongs to an individual MEMBER, not to an office.<\/b> The expression \"Leader of the Opposition\" appears nowhere in these Rules \u2014 the only leader they define, in Rule 2(1), is the <b>LEADER OF THE HOUSE<\/b>. Option (a) is therefore wrong on the face of the book.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (c) confuses the two stages.<\/b> The member <b>ASKS<\/b> for leave under clause (a); the fifty members rise only afterwards, under <b>Rule 198(2)<\/b>, to show whether the House <b>GRANTS<\/b> it.<br><br>\r\n<b>The sequence, in order:<\/b> written notice to the Secretary-General <b>by 10.00 hours<\/b> (198(1)(b)) \u2192 the member asks for leave <b>when called by the Speaker<\/b> (198(1)(a)) \u2192 the Speaker reads the motion and asks those in favour to rise; if <b>not less than fifty<\/b> rise, leave is granted and the motion is taken up within <b>ten days<\/b> (198(2)) \u2192 the Speaker allots time (198(3)) \u2192 the guillotine at the appointed hour (198(4)) \u2192 time-limit for speeches, if he thinks fit (198(5)).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 344, part: 5, partId: 42,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned\", rule: \"Rule 198(3)\",\r\n    question: \"Where leave to move a motion of no-confidence has been granted, the Speaker may allot a day or days, or part of a day, for the discussion of the motion\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"after considering the state of business in the House\",\r\n      \"in consultation with the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"on the recommendation of the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n      \"with the concurrence of the member who moved the motion\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) after considering the state of business in the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(3):<\/b> <i>\"If leave is granted under sub-rule (2), the Speaker may, AFTER CONSIDERING THE STATE OF BUSINESS IN THE HOUSE, allot a day or days or part of a day for the discussion of the motion.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The omission here is deliberate and is the point of the question.<\/b> Compare the allotment rule for an ordinary motion \u2014 <b>Rule 190:<\/b> the Speaker may allot time <i>\"after considering the state of business in the House AND IN CONSULTATION WITH THE LEADER OF THE HOUSE OR ON THE RECOMMENDATION OF THE BUSINESS ADVISORY COMMITTEE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(3) has NEITHER of those additions.<\/b> The Speaker acts alone, on his own view of the state of business. The reason is obvious once seen: a no-confidence motion is directed <b>AGAINST<\/b> the Government, and the Leader of the House is a Minister. To require his consultation, or a recommendation from a Committee chaired by the Speaker but working on the Government's programme, would put the target of the motion in charge of its timing.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same protection appears at the other end of Rule 198.<\/b> Under <b>Rule 198(2)<\/b> the motion must be taken up <i>\"on such day, NOT BEING MORE THAN TEN DAYS from the date on which the leave is asked for\"<\/i> \u2014 so the Government cannot let it drift, as it can with a Censure Motion, which is a No-Day-Yet-Named Motion under Rule 189 and waits on Rule 190.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 345, part: 5, partId: 43,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned\", rule: \"Rule 198(2)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 198(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where, on a motion expressing want of confidence in the Council of Ministers, not less than fifty members rise in their places in favour of leave being granted, the Speaker shall declare that leave is granted and that the motion will be taken up on such day as the Speaker may appoint, not being more than the following period from the date on which the leave is asked for :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"five days from the date on which the leave is asked for\",\r\n      \"seven days from the date on which the leave is asked for\",\r\n      \"ten days from the date on which the leave is asked for\",\r\n      \"fourteen days from the date on which the leave is asked for\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) ten days from the date on which the leave is asked for.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(2):<\/b> <i>\"\u2026 the Speaker shall declare that leave is granted and that THE MOTION WILL BE TAKEN UP ON SUCH DAY, NOT BEING MORE THAN TEN DAYS FROM THE DATE ON WHICH THE LEAVE IS ASKED FOR as the Speaker may appoint.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the reckoning point<\/b> \u2014 ten days from the date the <b>LEAVE IS ASKED FOR<\/b>, not from the date leave is granted, and not from the notice.<br><br>\r\n<b>The sub-rule carries TWO numbers, and the papers have set the other one three times<\/b> \u2014 the requirement that <b>NOT LESS THAN FIFTY<\/b> members rise in their places. The 2025 paper recited almost the whole sub-rule in the stem and left only \"fifty\" in the options, deliberately leaving \"ten days\" inside the stem. A companion question does the reverse, which is what this item does.<br><br>\r\n<b>The three numbers of a no-confidence motion, as a set:<\/b> notice by <b>10.00 hours<\/b> (198(1)(b)); support of <b>50<\/b> members rising (198(2)); the motion taken up within <b>10 days<\/b> of leave being asked for (198(2)).<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the FOURTEEN days in Rule 200(2)<\/b> \u2014 a motion for leave to move a resolution for the removal of the Speaker or Deputy Speaker is fixed for a day <b>AFTER<\/b> fourteen days from receipt of the notice. There the fourteen days are a <b>MINIMUM<\/b> before the matter is taken; here the ten days are a <b>MAXIMUM<\/b> within which it must be.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 346, part: 5, partId: 44,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned\", rule: \"Rule 198(4)\",\r\n    question: \"At the appointed hour on the allotted day, or the last of the allotted days, for the discussion of a motion of no-confidence, the Speaker shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"permit the Prime Minister to reply before putting the question\",\r\n      \"forthwith put every question necessary to determine the decision of the House on the motion\",\r\n      \"adjourn the House until the following day\",\r\n      \"take the sense of the House on whether the debate should be extended\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(4):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall, AT THE APPOINTED HOUR ON THE ALLOTTED DAY OR THE LAST OF THE ALLOTTED DAYS, as the case may be, FORTHWITH PUT EVERY QUESTION NECESSARY TO DETERMINE THE DECISION OF THE HOUSE ON THE MOTION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis is the <b>GUILLOTINE<\/b>, and it is drafted in almost the same words as <b>Rule 191<\/b> for an ordinary motion \u2014 the only difference being that Rule 191 says \"on the original question\" and Rule 198(4) says \"on the motion\".<br><br>\r\n<b>The guillotine family across the Rules:<\/b> <b>Rule 191<\/b> (motions) \u00b7 <b>Rule 198(4)<\/b> (no-confidence) \u00b7 <b>Rule 208(2)<\/b> (demands for grants, at 17.00 hours on the last allotted day) \u00b7 <b>Rule 291<\/b> (business under an Allocation of Time Order) \u00b7 <b>Rule 297<\/b> (private members' business) \u00b7 <b>Rule 221<\/b> (financial business generally) \u00b7 <b>Rule 19(2)<\/b> and <b>the second proviso to Rule 72(1)<\/b> (procedural motions put forthwith).<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (a) is not a rule but a practice.<\/b> Nothing in Rule 198 gives the Prime Minister a right of reply; by convention he replies before the question is put, and the Speaker's allotment of time under 198(3) accommodates it. Contrast <b>Rule 20(1)<\/b>, which DOES confer an express right on the Prime Minister or any other Minister to explain the position of the Government at the end of the discussion on the President's Address, whether or not he has previously taken part.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(5):<\/b> the Speaker, if he thinks fit, may prescribe a time limit for speeches.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 347, part: 5, partId: 45,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 198(1)(b)\",\r\n    question: \"A notice of a motion of no-confidence received after 10.00 hours shall be deemed to have been received\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"at 10.00 hours on the same day\",\r\n      \"at the time at which it is actually received\",\r\n      \"at the commencement of the next sitting\",\r\n      \"at 10.00 hours on the next day on which the House sits\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) at 10.00 hours on the next day on which the House sits.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 198(1)(b):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that notices, received after 10.00 hours, shall be deemed to have been received at 10.00 HOURS ON THE NEXT DAY ON WHICH THE HOUSE SITS.\"<\/i> (Added by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 1.8.1989, when the words \"by 10.00 hours on\" were also substituted in clause (b).)<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the words \"ON WHICH THE HOUSE SITS\"<\/b> \u2014 the notice rolls forward to the next <b>SITTING<\/b> day, not merely the next calendar day.<br><br>\r\n<b>The identical proviso appears with two of the other 10.00-hour deadlines:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 57<\/b> \u2014 adjournment motions.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 223<\/b> \u2014 questions of privilege.<br><br>\r\n<b>But TWO members of the 10.00-hour family have NO such proviso, and the difference is worth knowing:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 72(2)<\/b> \u2014 notice to oppose the introduction of a Bill, given by 10.00 hours on the day the motion is listed. A late notice is simply too late, because the motion is being taken that day.<br>\r\n<b>Explanation (ii) to Rule 197<\/b> \u2014 Calling Attention: notices received after 10.00 hours are <i>\"deemed to have been given FOR THE NEXT SITTING\"<\/i> \u2014 a different formula from the other three, and read with Explanation (iii) it feeds the weekly cycle.<br><br>\r\nSo five rules share the hour; three share the deeming proviso; one pushes to the next sitting; one has nothing.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 348, part: 5, partId: 46,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned\", rule: \"Rule 198(2)\",\r\n    question: \"If less than fifty members rise in their places when the Speaker requests those in favour of leave being granted for a motion of no-confidence to do so, the Speaker shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"put the question of leave to the vote of the House\",\r\n      \"inform that the member has not the leave of the House\",\r\n      \"adjourn consideration of the motion to the next sitting\",\r\n      \"direct that a division be held\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) inform that the member has not the leave of the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(2):<\/b> <i>\"\u2026 and if not less than fifty members rise accordingly, the Speaker shall declare that leave is granted \u2026 IF LESS THAN FIFTY MEMBERS RISE, THE SPEAKER SHALL INFORM THAT THE MEMBER HAS NOT THE LEAVE OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The matter ends there.<\/b> No question is put, no division is held, and nothing is adjourned \u2014 the motion simply does not proceed. Options (a) and (d) both assume a vote that the rule does not provide for; the counting of those who rise <b>IS<\/b> the test.<br><br>\r\n<b>The identical mechanism and the identical consequence appear in TWO other rules, and the three should be learnt together:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 60(2)<\/b> \u2014 adjournment motion: if objection to leave is taken and less than fifty rise, <i>\"the Speaker shall inform that the member has NOT THE LEAVE OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 201(3)<\/b> \u2014 resolution for the removal of the Speaker or Deputy Speaker: if less than fifty rise, the person presiding <i>\"shall inform that the member has not the leave of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>But note one difference between them.<\/b> Under <b>Rule 60(2)<\/b> the fifty are counted <b>ONLY IF OBJECTION IS TAKEN<\/b>; under Rules 198(2) and 201(3) the Speaker asks members to rise <b>AS A MATTER OF COURSE<\/b>, because both motions go to the confidence of the House in the Government or in its own Chair.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 349, part: 5, partId: 47,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned\", rule: \"Rule 199(3)\",\r\n    question: \"After a personal statement has been made by a member who has resigned the office of Minister,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a debate not exceeding half an hour may take place\",\r\n      \"the Leader of the House shall reply on behalf of the Government\",\r\n      \"any member may ask a clarificatory question with the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"there shall be no debate, but a Minister may make a statement pertinent thereto\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) there shall be no debate, but a Minister may make a statement pertinent thereto.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 199(3):<\/b> <i>\"THERE SHALL BE NO DEBATE ON SUCH STATEMENT, BUT AFTER IT HAS BEEN MADE, A MINISTER MAY MAKE A STATEMENT PERTINENT THERETO.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This is the limb of Rule 199 the papers have not yet touched<\/b> \u2014 they have set sub-rule (1) (the consent of the Speaker, and the session in which the resignation was accepted by the President) and sub-rule (2) (the advance copy). Sub-rule (3) is the untested one.<br><br>\r\n<b>The balance it strikes is a fine one.<\/b> A resigning Minister is allowed to put his own account before the House; the House is not allowed to debate it; but the <b>GOVERNMENT IS NOT LEFT WITHOUT AN ANSWER<\/b> \u2014 a Minister may make a statement <b>PERTINENT THERETO<\/b>. Note the limiting word: pertinent to the statement, not a general defence.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 199(1)<\/b> and its proviso: the statement may be made <i>\"on any day during the session in which the resignation has been ACCEPTED BY THE PRESIDENT\"<\/i> \u2014 and, if the resignation was accepted when the House was not in session, at the earliest opportunity on a day <b>NOT MORE THAN SEVEN DAYS<\/b> from the commencement of the session.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 199(2):<\/b> a copy of the statement goes to the <b>SPEAKER AND THE LEADER OF THE HOUSE<\/b> at least <b>ONE DAY IN ADVANCE<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 350, part: 5, partId: 48,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 199(1)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"Where the resignation of a Minister was accepted by the President when the House was not in session, the member may make a personal statement in explanation of his resignation at the earliest opportunity on a day not being more than\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"three days from the date of commencement of the session\",\r\n      \"fourteen days from the date of commencement of the session\",\r\n      \"ten days from the date of commencement of the session\",\r\n      \"seven days from the date of commencement of the session\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) seven days from the date of commencement of the session.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 199(1):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that a member may make such a statement AT THE EARLIEST OPPORTUNITY ON A DAY NOT BEING MORE THAN SEVEN DAYS FROM THE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF THE SESSION IF THE RESIGNATION WAS ACCEPTED BY THE PRESIDENT WHEN THE HOUSE WAS NOT IN SESSION.\"<\/i> (Added by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>The main limb and the proviso cover the two possible situations:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 Resignation accepted <b>WHILE THE HOUSE IS IN SESSION<\/b> \u2192 the statement may be made <b>ON ANY DAY DURING THAT SESSION<\/b>.<br>\r\n\u2022 Resignation accepted <b>WHEN THE HOUSE IS NOT IN SESSION<\/b> \u2192 at the earliest opportunity, within <b>SEVEN DAYS<\/b> of the commencement of the next session.<br><br>\r\nThe proviso exists because a Minister who resigns during a recess would otherwise have no fixed opportunity \u2014 and the explanation loses its value if it comes long after the event.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other numbers in Chapter XVII, for contrast:<\/b> notice by <b>10.00 hours<\/b> (198(1)(b)); <b>FIFTY<\/b> members rising (198(2)); the motion taken up within <b>TEN DAYS<\/b> (198(2)); a copy of the resignation statement to the Speaker and the Leader of the House at least <b>ONE DAY<\/b> in advance (199(2)).<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that it is the PRESIDENT who accepts a Minister's resignation<\/b> \u2014 Ministers hold office during his pleasure under <b>Article 75(2)<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 351, part: 5, partId: 49,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence and Statement by a Minister who has resigned\", rule: \"Rule 199(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the personal statement of a member who has resigned the office of Minister:<br>1. A copy of the statement is forwarded in advance to the Speaker and to the Leader of the House.<br>2. No debate shall arise on the statement when it is made.<br>3. A Minister may make a statement pertinent to the statement so made.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 199(2)<\/b> requires a copy of the statement to be forwarded to the <b>SPEAKER<\/b> and to the <b>LEADER OF THE HOUSE<\/b> \u2014 two functionaries, and the second is the one usually forgotten.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 199(3)<\/b> contains both of the other propositions, and the second limb is the untested one: <i>\"NO DEBATE SHALL ARISE on such statement, BUT A MINISTER MAY MAKE A STATEMENT PERTINENT THERETO.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The saving words matter.<\/b> A resigning Minister may put his own account before the House, and the Government is not left mute \u2014 but the exchange is confined to two statements and never becomes a debate.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the neighbouring \"no debate\" provisions, which each handle the aftermath differently:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 197(2)<\/b> \u2014 a <b>CALLING ATTENTION<\/b> statement: no debate, <b>BUT<\/b> each member in whose name the item stands may ask <b>ONE CLARIFICATORY QUESTION<\/b> with the Speaker's permission.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 372<\/b> \u2014 a <b>MINISTER's<\/b> statement on a matter of public importance: <b>NO QUESTION<\/b> may be asked <b>AT THE TIME<\/b> it is made.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 357<\/b> \u2014 a member's <b>PERSONAL EXPLANATION<\/b>: no debatable matter may be brought forward and <b>NO DEBATE SHALL ARISE<\/b> \u2014 the strictest of the four, with no saving limb at all.<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso to Rule 199(1)<\/b> completes the rule: where the resignation was accepted while the House was not in session, the statement may be made within <b>SEVEN DAYS<\/b> from the commencement of the next session.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 352, part: 5, partId: 50,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned\", rule: \"Rule 198(5)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 198(5) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, in respect of speeches on a motion of no-confidence in the Council of Ministers, the Speaker\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall prescribe a time limit\",\r\n      \"may, if he thinks fit, prescribe a time limit\",\r\n      \"shall prescribe a time limit after taking the sense of the House\",\r\n      \"shall allot equal time to each recognised party and group\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) may, if he thinks fit, prescribe a time limit.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(5):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker, IF THINKS FIT, MAY PRESCRIBE A TIME LIMIT FOR SPEECHES.\"<\/i> \u2014 the same discretionary formula as <b>Rule 192<\/b> (motions) and <b>Rule 196<\/b> (short duration discussions).<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (a) states the position for a DIFFERENT device.<\/b> Only <b>Rule 63<\/b>, for an adjournment motion, makes it mandatory: <i>\"The Speaker SHALL prescribe a time limit for speeches.\"<\/i> That is the single \"shall\" in the whole family, and it is the reason it is worth remembering.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) has no basis in the Rules at all.<\/b> The allocation of time among parties and groups is a matter of practice, worked out by the Business Advisory Committee under <b>Rule 288<\/b> \u2014 but Rule 198(3) pointedly does <b>NOT<\/b> bring the BAC into a no-confidence motion, unlike Rule 190 for ordinary motions.<br><br>\r\n<b>Chapter XVII's five sub-rules in Rule 198, at a glance:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>(1)<\/b> leave asked when called by the Speaker; written notice to the Secretary-General by <b>10.00 hours<\/b>, with the deeming proviso.<br>\r\n<b>(2)<\/b> the Speaker reads the motion; <b>FIFTY<\/b> rise; taken up within <b>TEN DAYS<\/b>; else no leave.<br>\r\n<b>(3)<\/b> the Speaker allots time <b>after considering the state of business<\/b> \u2014 alone.<br>\r\n<b>(4)<\/b> the <b>GUILLOTINE<\/b> at the appointed hour.<br>\r\n<b>(5)<\/b> time limit for speeches, if he thinks fit.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 353, part: 5, partId: 51,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned\", rule: \"Rules 190 and 198(3)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. For an ordinary motion, the Speaker may allot time after considering the state of business in the House and in consultation with the Leader of the House, or on the recommendation of the Business Advisory Committee.<br>2. For a motion of no-confidence, the Speaker may allot time after considering the state of business in the House.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 190:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may, after considering the state of business in the House AND IN CONSULTATION WITH THE LEADER OF THE HOUSE OR ON THE RECOMMENDATION OF THE BUSINESS ADVISORY COMMITTEE, allot a day or days or part of a day for the discussion of any such motion.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 198(3):<\/b> <i>\"If leave is granted under sub-rule (2), the Speaker may, AFTER CONSIDERING THE STATE OF BUSINESS IN THE HOUSE, allot a day or days or part of a day for the discussion of the motion.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nBoth statements are accurate \u2014 and the value of the pair lies in <b>WHAT RULE 198(3) LEAVES OUT<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>A no-confidence motion is aimed at the Government.<\/b> The <b>LEADER OF THE HOUSE<\/b> is, by the definition in Rule 2(1), the Prime Minister or a Minister he nominates. The <b>BUSINESS ADVISORY COMMITTEE<\/b> exists to recommend time for <b>GOVERNMENT BILLS AND OTHER BUSINESS<\/b> referred to it by the Speaker in consultation with the Leader of the House (Rule 288(1)). Bringing either into the timing of a no-confidence motion would let the Government influence when it faces the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same protective drafting appears in Rule 198(2)<\/b> \u2014 the motion must be taken up within <b>TEN DAYS<\/b> of leave being asked for. Contrast a <b>CENSURE MOTION<\/b>, which has no rule of its own, becomes a No-Day-Yet-Named Motion under <b>Rule 189<\/b>, and waits on <b>Rule 190<\/b> \u2014 so the Government effectively decides whether it is ever reached.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 354, part: 5, partId: 52,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 17: Motion of No-Confidence in Council of Ministers and Statement by Minister Who Has Resigned\", rule: \"Rules 198 and 199\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to Chapter XVII?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Leave to make a motion of no-confidence shall be asked for by the member when called by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"A member who has resigned the office of Minister may make a personal statement with the consent of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"There shall be no debate on the statement of a member who has resigned the office of Minister, and no Minister may make any statement thereon\",\r\n      \"The Speaker shall, at the appointed hour on the last of the allotted days, forthwith put every question necessary to determine the decision of the House on the motion\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 199(3):<\/b> <i>\"There shall be no debate on such statement, BUT AFTER IT HAS BEEN MADE, A MINISTER MAY MAKE A STATEMENT PERTINENT THERETO.\"<\/i> The bar on debate is real, but it does not silence the Government \u2014 the option adds a prohibition the rule does not contain.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b> <b>Rule 198(1)(a)<\/b> (A \u2713); <b>Rule 199(1)<\/b> (B \u2713); <b>Rule 198(4)<\/b> (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>The \"no debate, but\u2026\" construction is worth recognising, because the exception is where the marks are:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 199(3)<\/b> \u2014 no debate on a resigned Minister's statement, <b>BUT<\/b> a Minister may make a pertinent statement.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 197(2)<\/b> \u2014 no debate on a Calling Attention statement, <b>BUT<\/b> up to five listed members may each ask a clarificatory question, and the Minister replies at the end.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 279(2)<\/b> \u2014 remarks on presenting a Committee report are confined to a brief statement of fact.<br>\r\n<b>Rules 167 and 168<\/b> \u2014 no debate on the presentation of a petition, and none on the statement made in presenting it. <b>Those two carry no exception at all<\/b>, which makes them the strictest of the group.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 355, part: 5, partId: 53,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 18: Resolution for Removal of Speaker or Deputy Speaker from Office\", rule: \"Rule 200(2)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"On receipt of a notice of a resolution for the removal of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker, a motion for leave to move the resolution shall be entered in the list of business on a day fixed by the Speaker, provided that the day so fixed shall be any day after\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"seven days from the date of the receipt of the notice\",\r\n      \"ten days from the date of the receipt of the notice\",\r\n      \"fourteen days from the date of the receipt of the notice\",\r\n      \"twenty-one days from the date of the receipt of the notice\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) fourteen days from the date of the receipt of the notice.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 200(2):<\/b> <i>\"On receipt of a notice under sub-rule (1) A MOTION FOR LEAVE TO MOVE THE RESOLUTION SHALL BE ENTERED IN THE LIST OF BUSINESS IN THE NAME OF THE MEMBER CONCERNED, ON A DAY FIXED BY THE SPEAKER, PROVIDED THAT THE DAY SO FIXED SHALL BE ANY DAY AFTER FOURTEEN DAYS FROM THE DATE OF THE RECEIPT OF NOTICE OF THE RESOLUTION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The fourteen days come straight from the Constitution. Article 94(c):<\/b> the Speaker or Deputy Speaker <i>\"may be removed from his office by a resolution of the House of the People passed by a majority of all the then members of the House; but no resolution for the purpose of this clause shall be moved unless AT LEAST FOURTEEN DAYS' NOTICE has been given of the intention to move the resolution.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note that this is a MINIMUM, not a maximum<\/b> \u2014 the day must be <b>AFTER<\/b> fourteen days. Contrast <b>Rule 198(2)<\/b>, where a no-confidence motion must be taken up <b>NOT MORE THAN TEN DAYS<\/b> from the date leave is asked for. One rule sets a floor to protect the office-holder; the other sets a ceiling to protect the House's right to test confidence promptly.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 200(1):<\/b> the notice is given <b>IN WRITING TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b>, and the member <i>\"shall FURNISH THE FULL TEXT of such resolution\"<\/i> \u2014 those words added by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 1.8.1989, along with Rule 200A.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 356, part: 5, partId: 54,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 18: Resolution for Removal of Speaker or Deputy Speaker from Office\", rule: \"Rule 200A\",\r\n    question: \"In order that a resolution for the removal of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker may be admissible, it shall<br>1. be specific with respect to charges;<br>2. be clearly and precisely expressed;<br>3. not contain arguments, inferences, ironical expressions, imputations or defamatory statements.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 200A:<\/b> <i>\"In order that such a resolution may be admissible, it shall satisfy the following conditions, namely:\u2014 (i) it shall be SPECIFIC WITH RESPECT TO CHARGES; (ii) it shall be CLEARLY AND PRECISELY EXPRESSED; and (iii) it shall NOT CONTAIN ARGUMENTS, INFERENCES, IRONICAL EXPRESSIONS, IMPUTATIONS OR DEFAMATORY STATEMENTS.\"<\/i> (Inserted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 1.8.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>Only THREE conditions<\/b> \u2014 against five for a resolution under Rule 173 and eighteen for a motion under Rule 186. Clauses (ii) and (iii) are borrowed word for word from <b>Rule 173(i) and (iii)<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>What is peculiar to this rule is clause (i) \u2014 \"SPECIFIC WITH RESPECT TO CHARGES.\"<\/b> It appears nowhere else in the book, and it exists because the resolution is quasi-judicial in character: the holder of the Chair is being accused, and he is entitled to know precisely what of.<br><br>\r\n<b>Two other provisions turn on the same requirement:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 200(1)<\/b> \u2014 the member must <b>FURNISH THE FULL TEXT<\/b> of the resolution with his notice, so that the charges are on record from the outset.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 202A<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"THE DISCUSSION ON THE RESOLUTION SHALL BE STRICTLY CONFINED TO THE CHARGES PREFERRED IN THE RESOLUTION.\"<\/i> (Also inserted 1.8.1989.)<br><br>\r\nSo the 1989 amendments worked as a package: full text with the notice, specific charges, and a debate confined to those charges.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 357, part: 5, partId: 55,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 18: Resolution for Removal of Speaker or Deputy Speaker from Office\", rule: \"Rule 202A\",\r\n    question: \"The discussion on a resolution for the removal of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker shall be\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"strictly confined to the charges preferred in the resolution\",\r\n      \"confined to the conduct of the Speaker or Deputy Speaker in his public capacity generally\",\r\n      \"of a general character, without reference to particulars\",\r\n      \"confined to arguments in support of or against the resolution\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) strictly confined to the charges preferred in the resolution.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 202A:<\/b> <i>\"The discussion on the resolution shall be STRICTLY CONFINED TO THE CHARGES PREFERRED IN THE RESOLUTION.\"<\/i> (Inserted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 1.8.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>This is the narrowest scope-of-debate rule in the entire book<\/b>, and deliberately so. The proceeding is quasi-judicial: a named individual faces removal from an office he holds under the Constitution, and the House is confined to the specific accusations he has had fourteen days' notice of.<br><br>\r\n<b>Read it with the two companion provisions inserted on the same date:<\/b> <b>Rule 200(1)<\/b> \u2014 the full text of the resolution must be furnished with the notice; <b>Rule 200A(i)<\/b> \u2014 the resolution must be <b>SPECIFIC WITH RESPECT TO CHARGES<\/b>. Together they ensure that the charges are fixed in advance and the debate cannot stray beyond them.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the other scope-of-debate rules, from widest to narrowest:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 75(1)<\/b> \u2014 a Bill after introduction: the principle generally.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 78<\/b> \u2014 after a Committee report: the report and alternatives consistent with the principle.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 94<\/b> \u2014 passing a Bill: arguments for or against, of a general character.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 179<\/b> \u2014 a resolution: strictly relevant to and within its scope.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 132<\/b> \u2014 the President's message: the matters in the message.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 202A<\/b> \u2014 <b>the charges, and nothing else<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 358, part: 5, partId: 56,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 18: Resolution for Removal of Speaker or Deputy Speaker from Office\", rule: \"Rule 201(1)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 201(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, when a motion for leave to move a resolution for the removal of the Speaker is taken up for consideration, the sitting shall be presided over by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker in every case\",\r\n      \"the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker, or such other person as is referred to in clause (2) of article 95 of the Constitution, subject to the provisions of article 96\",\r\n      \"the Deputy Speaker in every case\",\r\n      \"a member of the Panel of Chairpersons nominated by the Speaker\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 201(1):<\/b> <i>\"SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 96 OF THE CONSTITUTION, the SPEAKER OR THE DEPUTY SPEAKER OR SUCH OTHER PERSON AS IS REFERRED TO IN CLAUSE (2) OF ARTICLE 95 of the Constitution shall preside when a motion under sub-rule (2) of rule 200 is taken up for consideration.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The opening words carry the whole point. Article 96(1):<\/b> <i>\"At any sitting of the House of the People, while any resolution for the removal of the Speaker from his office is under consideration, the SPEAKER, or while any resolution for the removal of the Deputy Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Deputy Speaker, SHALL NOT, THOUGH HE IS PRESENT, PRESIDE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo the Speaker may not preside over his own removal \u2014 which is why option (a) is wrong. But he is <b>NOT EXCLUDED FROM THE HOUSE<\/b>: <b>Article 96(2)<\/b> expressly allows him to <b>SPEAK IN AND OTHERWISE TAKE PART IN THE PROCEEDINGS<\/b>, and to <b>VOTE<\/b> in the first instance on such a resolution \u2014 though not to exercise a casting vote.<br><br>\r\n<b>Article 95(2)<\/b>, referred to in the rule, covers the case where <b>BOTH OFFICES ARE VACANT<\/b>: the duties are performed by such member as the President may appoint.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that Article 96(2) reverses the ordinary position in Article 100(1)<\/b>, under which the person presiding does not vote in the first instance but has a casting vote. Here the Speaker votes in the first instance precisely because he is not presiding.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 359, part: 5, partId: 57,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 18: Resolution for Removal of Speaker or Deputy Speaker from Office\", rule: \"Rule 201(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Where the member in whose name a motion for leave to move a resolution for the removal of the Speaker or Deputy Speaker stands is called upon,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"he shall move the motion and may make a short speech explaining the charges\",\r\n      \"he shall, unless he makes a statement conveying unwillingness to move the motion, move the motion, but in either case no speech shall be permitted at this stage\",\r\n      \"he shall read out the full text of the resolution before moving it\",\r\n      \"he may authorise any other member to move it on his behalf\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 201(2):<\/b> <i>\"The member in whose name the motion stands on the list of business shall, UNLESS MAKES A STATEMENT CONVEYING UNWILLINGNESS TO MOVE THE MOTION, MOVE THE MOTION WHEN CALLED UPON TO DO SO, BUT IN EITHER CASE NO SPEECH SHALL BE PERMITTED AT THIS STAGE.\"<\/i> (Substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>The words \"BUT IN EITHER CASE NO SPEECH SHALL BE PERMITTED AT THIS STAGE\" are the point.<\/b> Whether the member moves the motion or declines to, he says nothing beyond that. The charges are argued later \u2014 and then only within the confines of <b>Rule 202A<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The \"unless makes a statement conveying unwillingness\" formula is borrowed from Rules 7(3) and 8(3)<\/b>, which govern motions for the election of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker. In each case a member may decline, but must say so, and may say nothing else.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) has no basis here.<\/b> The power to authorise another member to move in one's place exists for <b>RESOLUTIONS<\/b> under Rule 176(2) and (3), and for a <b>BILL<\/b> under the proviso to Rule 76 \u2014 but not for this motion, which is personal to the member who gave the notice.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 201(3)<\/b> then follows: the person presiding places the motion before the House and asks those in favour of leave to rise; if <b>NOT LESS THAN FIFTY<\/b> rise, leave is granted and the resolution is taken up within <b>TEN DAYS<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 360, part: 5, partId: 58,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 18: Resolution for Removal of Speaker or Deputy Speaker from Office\", rule: \"Rule 201(3)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 201(3) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, leave to move a resolution for the removal of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker shall be declared granted if the number of members rising in their places is\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"not less than twenty-five\",\r\n      \"not less than fifty\",\r\n      \"not less than one hundred\",\r\n      \"a majority of all the then members of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) not less than fifty.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 201(3):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker or the person presiding, as the case may be, shall thereupon PLACE THE MOTION BEFORE THE HOUSE AND SHALL REQUEST THOSE MEMBERS WHO ARE IN FAVOUR OF LEAVE BEING GRANTED TO RISE IN THEIR PLACES. IF NOT LESS THAN FIFTY MEMBERS RISE accordingly, \u2026 shall declare that leave has been granted and that the resolution will be taken up on such day, NOT BEING MORE THAN TEN DAYS from the date on which leave is asked for \u2026 If less than fifty members rise, \u2026 shall inform that the member HAS NOT THE LEAVE OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) confuses LEAVE with the RESOLUTION ITSELF.<\/b> Fifty members are needed for <b>LEAVE TO MOVE<\/b>; the resolution succeeds only if passed by <b>A MAJORITY OF ALL THE THEN MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE<\/b> under <b>Article 94(c)<\/b> \u2014 that is, of the total membership, which the Explanation to Rule 159 defines as the number comprising the House irrespective of vacancies or absentees.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note how closely Rule 201(3) tracks Rule 198(2)<\/b> for a no-confidence motion: fifty members rising, ten days, and the same words on failure. The <b>ONE DIFFERENCE<\/b> is who presides \u2014 here it may be the Deputy Speaker or a person under Article 95(2), because Article 96(1) bars the office-holder whose removal is in issue.<br><br>\r\n<b>The three \"fifty members rise\" rules:<\/b> Rule 60(2) (adjournment motion, only if objection is taken), Rule 198(2), and Rule 201(3).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 361, part: 5, partId: 59,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 18: Resolution for Removal of Speaker or Deputy Speaker from Office\", rule: \"Rule 203\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"Except with the permission of the Speaker or the person presiding, and subject to the mover of the resolution being permitted to speak for such longer time as the Chair may allow, a speech on a resolution for the removal of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker from office shall not exceed :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"ten minutes\",\r\n      \"thirty minutes\",\r\n      \"twenty minutes\",\r\n      \"fifteen minutes\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) fifteen minutes.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 203:<\/b> <i>\"EXCEPT WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER OR THE PERSON PRESIDING, A SPEECH ON THE RESOLUTION SHALL NOT EXCEED FIFTEEN MINUTES IN DURATION: Provided that THE MOVER OF THE RESOLUTION WHEN MOVING THE SAME MAY SPEAK FOR SUCH LONGER TIME AS THE SPEAKER OR THE PERSON PRESIDING MAY PERMIT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the drafting difference from Rule 178<\/b>, which is otherwise its twin. For a resolution under Chapter XIII the proviso fixes a definite figure for the mover \u2014 <b>THIRTY MINUTES<\/b>, or such longer time as the Speaker may permit. Rule 203 fixes <b>NO FIGURE AT ALL<\/b> for the mover; he may speak for <b>SUCH LONGER TIME AS THE CHAIR MAY PERMIT<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nThat difference makes sense: the mover here is prosecuting specific charges under Rule 200A(i), and how long that takes cannot be known in advance.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note also \"the Speaker OR THE PERSON PRESIDING\"<\/b> \u2014 the rule is drafted for the very situation in which the Speaker is <b>NOT<\/b> in the Chair, because <b>Article 96(1)<\/b> bars him from presiding while a resolution for his own removal is under consideration.<br><br>\r\n<b>The fixed time-limits in the Rules, as a set:<\/b> <b>Rule 178<\/b> \u2014 resolutions, 15 minutes, 30 for the mover and the Minister speaking first; <b>Rule 203<\/b> \u2014 removal of the Speaker, 15 minutes, mover at the Chair's discretion; <b>Rules 290 and 295<\/b> \u2014 motions on Committee reports, half an hour in all and 5 minutes per member.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 362, part: 5, partId: 60,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 18: Resolution for Removal of Speaker or Deputy Speaker from Office\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 203\",\r\n    question: \"The mover of a resolution for the removal of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker, when moving the same, may speak for\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"fifteen minutes only\",\r\n      \"thirty minutes\",\r\n      \"such longer time as the Speaker or the person presiding may permit\",\r\n      \"such time as the House may by resolution determine\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) such longer time as the Speaker or the person presiding may permit.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 203:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that THE MOVER OF THE RESOLUTION WHEN MOVING THE SAME MAY SPEAK FOR SUCH LONGER TIME AS THE SPEAKER OR THE PERSON PRESIDING MAY PERMIT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>No figure is prescribed<\/b>, and that is what distinguishes this proviso from its counterpart. Option (b) states the figure in the proviso to <b>Rule 178<\/b>, which gives the mover of an ordinary resolution \u2014 and the Minister concerned when speaking for the first time \u2014 <b>THIRTY MINUTES<\/b> or such longer time as the Speaker may permit.<br><br>\r\n<b>The absence of a figure here is deliberate.<\/b> Under <b>Rule 200A(i)<\/b> the resolution must be <b>SPECIFIC WITH RESPECT TO CHARGES<\/b>, and under <b>Rule 202A<\/b> the discussion is <b>STRICTLY CONFINED<\/b> to those charges. The mover has to open a case, and the length of that case depends on how many charges there are. The Chair is left to judge it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note again \"the Speaker OR THE PERSON PRESIDING\"<\/b>, which runs through Rules 201 and 203. Because <b>Article 96(1)<\/b> bars the Speaker from presiding while a resolution for his own removal is under consideration, the permission will in practice be given by whoever is in the Chair under <b>Rule 201(1)<\/b> \u2014 the Deputy Speaker, or a person appointed under Article 95(2) where both offices are vacant.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 202<\/b> is the intervening step: <i>\"On the appointed day the resolution shall be INCLUDED IN THE LIST OF BUSINESS.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 363, part: 5, partId: 61,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 18: Resolution for Removal of Speaker or Deputy Speaker from Office\", rule: \"Rule 200(1)\",\r\n    question: \"A member wishing to give notice of a resolution for the removal of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker shall do so in writing to the Secretary-General and shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"state the grounds on which the resolution is proposed\",\r\n      \"furnish the full text of such resolution\",\r\n      \"obtain the signatures of at least fifty members\",\r\n      \"annex a copy of the relevant proceedings of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) furnish the full text of such resolution.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 200(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member wishing to give notice of a resolution, UNDER CLAUSE (c) OF ARTICLE 94 of the Constitution, for the removal of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker SHALL DO SO IN WRITING TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL AND SHALL FURNISH THE FULL TEXT OF SUCH RESOLUTION.\"<\/i> (The words requiring the full text were added by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 1.8.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>The full-text requirement is the foundation of the whole chapter<\/b>, and the 1989 amendments built on it: <b>Rule 200A(i)<\/b> requires the resolution to be <b>SPECIFIC WITH RESPECT TO CHARGES<\/b>, and <b>Rule 202A<\/b> confines the discussion <b>STRICTLY TO THE CHARGES PREFERRED<\/b>. None of that could work unless the charges were on record from the outset.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (c) confuses two stages.<\/b> Fifty members are needed under <b>Rule 201(3)<\/b> \u2014 but they <b>RISE IN THEIR PLACES<\/b> in the House when leave is asked; they do not sign the notice. The only device in the Rules needing supporting <b>SIGNATURES<\/b> is a short duration discussion, which requires at least <b>TWO OTHER<\/b> members under the second proviso to Rule 193.<br><br>\r\n<b>The constitutional source \u2014 Article 94(c):<\/b> the Speaker or Deputy Speaker may be removed by a resolution passed by <b>A MAJORITY OF ALL THE THEN MEMBERS<\/b>, and no such resolution may be moved unless at least <b>FOURTEEN DAYS' NOTICE<\/b> has been given.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 364, part: 5, partId: 62,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 18: Resolution for Removal of Speaker or Deputy Speaker from Office\", rule: \"Rule 201(1) and Article 96\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. While a resolution for the removal of the Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Speaker shall not preside, though he is present.<br>2. The Speaker has the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in, the proceedings of the House while such a resolution is under consideration.<br>3. The Speaker is entitled to vote only in the case of an equality of votes on such a resolution.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Article 96(1):<\/b> <i>\"At any sitting of the House of the People, while any resolution for the removal of the Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Speaker \u2026 SHALL NOT, THOUGH HE IS PRESENT, PRESIDE.\"<\/i> <b>Rule 201(1)<\/b> gives effect to it by making the presiding arrangement <i>\"subject to the provisions of article 96.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Article 96(2):<\/b> the Speaker <i>\"shall have the RIGHT TO SPEAK IN, AND OTHERWISE TO TAKE PART IN THE PROCEEDINGS OF, the House of the People while any resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.\"<\/i> He is disqualified from the Chair, not from the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT.<\/b> Article 96(2) continues: he <i>\"shall, notwithstanding anything in article 100, be entitled to VOTE ONLY IN THE FIRST INSTANCE on such resolution \u2026 BUT NOT IN THE CASE OF AN EQUALITY OF VOTES.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This reverses the ordinary position exactly.<\/b> Under <b>Article 100(1)<\/b> the person presiding <i>\"shall not vote in the first instance, but shall have and exercise a CASTING VOTE in the case of an equality of votes.\"<\/i> Article 96(2) turns it round \u2014 the Speaker votes <b>IN THE FIRST INSTANCE<\/b> and has <b>NO CASTING VOTE<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nThe logic is plain: he is not presiding, so he votes as an ordinary member; and he cannot be allowed a casting vote to save his own office.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 365, part: 5, partId: 63,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 18: Resolution for Removal of Speaker or Deputy Speaker from Office\", rule: \"Rule 202\",\r\n    question: \"On the appointed day, a resolution for the removal of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"be included in the list of business\",\r\n      \"be published in the Bulletin\",\r\n      \"be read out in full by the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"stand referred to the Committee of Privileges\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) be included in the list of business.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 202:<\/b> <i>\"ON THE APPOINTED DAY THE RESOLUTION SHALL BE INCLUDED IN THE LIST OF BUSINESS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The \"appointed day\" is fixed under Rule 201(3)<\/b> \u2014 a day <b>NOT MORE THAN TEN DAYS<\/b> from the date leave was asked for, appointed by the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker or the person presiding.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that Chapter XVIII involves the list of business TWICE, at two different stages:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 200(2)<\/b> \u2014 the <b>MOTION FOR LEAVE<\/b> is entered in the list of business, on a day fixed by the Speaker, being a day <b>AFTER FOURTEEN DAYS<\/b> from the receipt of the notice.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 202<\/b> \u2014 the <b>RESOLUTION ITSELF<\/b> is included in the list of business on the appointed day.<br><br>\r\n<b>The full sequence of the chapter, which every question on it tests:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>1.<\/b> Notice in writing to the Secretary-General with the <b>FULL TEXT<\/b> (200(1)).<br>\r\n<b>2.<\/b> Admissibility \u2014 specific charges, clearly expressed, no arguments (200A).<br>\r\n<b>3.<\/b> Motion for leave listed on a day <b>AFTER FOURTEEN DAYS<\/b> (200(2)).<br>\r\n<b>4.<\/b> The office-holder does not preside (201(1), Article 96); the motion is moved with <b>NO SPEECH<\/b> (201(2)); <b>FIFTY<\/b> members rise; the resolution is set for a day within <b>TEN DAYS<\/b> (201(3)).<br>\r\n<b>5.<\/b> The resolution goes into the list of business (202); debate <b>STRICTLY CONFINED TO THE CHARGES<\/b> (202A); speeches of <b>FIFTEEN<\/b> minutes (203).<br>\r\n<b>6.<\/b> It succeeds only on <b>A MAJORITY OF ALL THE THEN MEMBERS<\/b> (Article 94(c)).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 366, part: 5, partId: 64,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 18: Resolution for Removal of Speaker or Deputy Speaker from Office\", rule: \"Rules 198(2) and 200(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. A motion of no-confidence in the Council of Ministers shall be taken up on a day not more than ten days from the date on which the leave is asked for.<br>2. A motion for leave to move a resolution for the removal of the Speaker shall be entered in the list of business on a day after fourteen days from the date of the receipt of the notice.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 198(2):<\/b> the motion <i>\"will be taken up on such day, NOT BEING MORE THAN TEN DAYS from the date on which the leave is asked for as the Speaker may appoint.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 200(2):<\/b> <i>\"the day so fixed shall be ANY DAY AFTER FOURTEEN DAYS from the date of the receipt of notice of the resolution.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two periods work in OPPOSITE directions, and that is the point of the pair:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>TEN DAYS \u2014 a CEILING.<\/b> A no-confidence motion must be taken up <b>WITHIN<\/b> that time. The House's right to test the Government's confidence must not be allowed to drift.<br>\r\n<b>FOURTEEN DAYS \u2014 a FLOOR.<\/b> A removal motion may be listed only <b>AFTER<\/b> that time. The Speaker or Deputy Speaker is entitled to notice and to prepare, the requirement coming straight from <b>Article 94(c)<\/b>: <i>\"no resolution for the purpose of this clause shall be moved unless AT LEAST FOURTEEN DAYS' NOTICE has been given of the intention to move the resolution.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note also that the fourteen days run from a different event.<\/b> Under Rule 198(2) the ten days run from <b>THE DATE LEAVE IS ASKED FOR<\/b>; under Rule 200(2) the fourteen days run from <b>THE RECEIPT OF THE NOTICE<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>And note where the two rules converge \u2014 Rule 201(3)<\/b>: once leave is granted for a removal resolution, it too must be taken up within <b>TEN DAYS<\/b>, exactly as under Rule 198(2).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 367, part: 5, partId: 65,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 18: Resolution for Removal of Speaker or Deputy Speaker from Office\", rule: \"Rules 200\u2013203\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to a resolution for the removal of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The member giving notice shall furnish the full text of the resolution\",\r\n      \"The resolution shall be specific with respect to charges\",\r\n      \"The member moving the motion for leave may make a speech explaining the charges at that stage\",\r\n      \"The discussion on the resolution shall be strictly confined to the charges preferred in the resolution\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 201(2):<\/b> the member shall, unless he makes a statement conveying unwillingness to move the motion, move it when called upon, <i>\"BUT IN EITHER CASE NO SPEECH SHALL BE PERMITTED AT THIS STAGE.\"<\/i> Nothing is said at the leave stage, by anybody.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b> <b>Rule 200(1)<\/b> (A \u2713); <b>Rule 200A(i)<\/b> (B \u2713); <b>Rule 202A<\/b> (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>The chapter is built on a strict separation of the two stages, and option (c) collapses it:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>THE LEAVE STAGE<\/b> \u2014 mechanical and silent. The motion is moved or declined; no speech (201(2)); the members rise; fifty is the threshold (201(3)).<br>\r\n<b>THE RESOLUTION STAGE<\/b> \u2014 the substantive proceeding. The resolution is listed (202); the debate is <b>STRICTLY CONFINED TO THE CHARGES<\/b> (202A); speeches run to <b>FIFTEEN<\/b> minutes, the mover longer at the Chair's discretion (203).<br><br>\r\n<b>The same two-stage structure governs a no-confidence motion<\/b> \u2014 leave first under Rule 198(1)\u2013(2), discussion afterwards under 198(3)\u2013(5) \u2014 and an <b>ADJOURNMENT MOTION<\/b> under Rules 60 to 63. In each case leave is a threshold, not an occasion for argument.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 368, part: 5, partId: 66,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 18: Resolution for Removal of Speaker or Deputy Speaker from Office\", rule: \"Rules 173, 186, 200A\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the number of conditions of admissibility prescribed by the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha for the following:<br>1. A resolution relating to a matter of general public interest<br>2. A motion<br>3. A resolution for the removal of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker from office<br>Which one of the following gives the correct number of conditions in each case, in that order?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Three, five and eighteen\",\r\n      \"Three, eighteen and five\",\r\n      \"Five, eight and three\",\r\n      \"Five, eighteen and three\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Five, eighteen and three.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 173 \u2014 FIVE conditions<\/b> for a resolution: clearly and precisely expressed; raises substantially one definite issue; no arguments, inferences, ironical expressions, imputations or defamatory statements; no reference to the conduct or character of persons except in their official or public capacity; not relating to a matter under adjudication by a court of law.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 186 \u2014 EIGHTEEN conditions<\/b> for a motion, clauses (i) to (xviii). The original rule had eight; <b>clauses (ix) to (xviii) were ADDED<\/b> by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989, which is why this is much the longest admissibility rule in the book.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 200A \u2014 THREE conditions<\/b> for a resolution for removal: specific with respect to charges; clearly and precisely expressed; no arguments, inferences, ironical expressions, imputations or defamatory statements. (Inserted 1.8.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>Two observations worth carrying:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>The bar on arguments appears in all three<\/b>, and in <b>Rule 41(2)(iv)<\/b> for questions, <b>Rule 65(1)<\/b> for a Statement of Objects and Reasons, and <b>Rule 210<\/b> for cut motions. The paper states the proposition; the speech makes the case.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Only Rule 200A requires SPECIFIC CHARGES.<\/b> That condition appears nowhere else, and it is what makes the removal proceeding quasi-judicial \u2014 reinforced by Rule 200(1) (full text with the notice) and Rule 202A (debate confined to the charges).<br><br>\r\nFor comparison, the conditions for a <b>QUESTION<\/b> run to twenty-three (Rule 41(2)), and those for an <b>ADJOURNMENT MOTION<\/b> to eight (Rule 58).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 369, part: 5, partId: 67,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 14: Motions\", rule: \"Rule 189\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-NAMED \u2192 OPTIONS\",\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, shall an admitted motion for which no date is fixed be notified in the Bulletin under the heading &quot;No-Day-Yet-Named Motions&quot;?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rule 187\",\r\n      \"Rule 188\",\r\n      \"Rule 189\",\r\n      \"Rule 190\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Rule 189.<\/b><br><br><b>Rule 189:<\/b> <i>\"If the Speaker admits notice of a motion and NO DATE IS FIXED for the discussion of such motion, it shall be NOTIFIED IN THE BULLETIN WITH THE HEADING: 'NO-DAY-YET-NAMED MOTIONS'.\"<\/i><br><br>Note that it goes into the <b>BULLETIN<\/b>, and nowhere else \u2014 there is no forwarding to any Minister. That distinguishes it from an adjournment motion under Rule 57, where copies of the notice are endorsed to the Speaker, the Minister concerned and the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs.<br><br><b>The distractors are the rules on either side:<\/b><br><b>Rule 187<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker decides admissibility and may disallow a motion or part of it on three grounds.<br><b>Rule 188<\/b> \u2014 the qualified sub-judice bar for tribunals and commissions.<br><b>Rule 190<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker allots time after considering the state of business and in consultation with the Leader of the House, or on the recommendation of the Business Advisory Committee.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 370, part: 5, partId: 68,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIV-XVIII (Rules 184-203)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 18: Resolution for Removal of Speaker or Deputy Speaker from Office\", rule: \"Rule 202A\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-NAMED \u2192 OPTIONS\",\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, shall the discussion on a resolution for the removal of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker be strictly confined to the charges preferred in the resolution?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rule 200A\",\r\n      \"Rule 201\",\r\n      \"Rule 202\",\r\n      \"Rule 202A\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Rule 202A.<\/b><br><br><b>Rule 202A:<\/b> <i>\"The discussion on the resolution shall be STRICTLY CONFINED TO THE CHARGES PREFERRED IN THE RESOLUTION.\"<\/i> (Inserted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 1.8.1989.)<br><br>This is the <b>NARROWEST scope-of-debate rule in the whole book<\/b>, and deliberately so \u2014 the proceeding is quasi-judicial, and a named holder of constitutional office faces removal on specific accusations of which he has had fourteen days' notice.<br><br><b>The distractors are the three rules it works with, all part of the same 1989 package:<\/b><br><b>Rule 200A<\/b> \u2014 the three conditions of admissibility, the first being that the resolution shall be <b>SPECIFIC WITH RESPECT TO CHARGES<\/b>.<br><b>Rule 201<\/b> \u2014 who presides (subject to Article 96); no speech at the leave stage; fifty members rise; ten days.<br><b>Rule 202<\/b> \u2014 on the appointed day the resolution is included in the list of business.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n\r\n  \/* ======================================================================\r\n     PART 6 \u2014 Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\r\n     ====================================================================== *\/\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 371, part: 6, partId: 1,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 204\",\r\n    question: \"The Annual Financial Statement of the estimated receipts and expenditure of the Government of India in respect of each financial year shall be presented to the House on such day as the President may direct, and it shall be presented in such form as the Finance Minister may settle after considering the suggestions, if any, of\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Estimates Committee\",\r\n      \"the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n      \"the Public Accounts Committee\",\r\n      \"the Committee on Public Undertakings\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the Estimates Committee.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 204(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Annual Financial Statement or the Statement of the Estimated Receipts and Expenditure of the Government of India in respect of each financial year (hereinafter referred to as 'the BUDGET') shall be presented to the House ON SUCH DAY AS THE PRESIDENT MAY DIRECT.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 204(2):<\/b> <i>\"The Budget shall be presented to the House IN SUCH FORM AS THE FINANCE MINISTER MAY, AFTER CONSIDERING THE SUGGESTIONS, IF ANY, OF THE ESTIMATES COMMITTEE, SETTLE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The choice of Committee is deliberate and is the whole question.<\/b> Under <b>Rule 310(c)<\/b> the Estimates Committee's functions include suggesting <i>\"the FORM IN WHICH THE ESTIMATES SHALL BE PRESENTED TO PARLIAMENT.\"<\/i> It is the only Committee with that function, so Rule 204(2) points to it.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three have unrelated functions:<\/b> the <b>Public Accounts Committee<\/b> (Rule 308) examines the appropriation accounts and the Comptroller and Auditor-General's report \u2014 that is, expenditure AFTER the event; the <b>Committee on Public Undertakings<\/b> (Rule 312A) examines the reports and accounts of specified undertakings; the <b>Business Advisory Committee<\/b> (Rules 287\u2013291) recommends time for business.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note also who fixes the DAY<\/b> \u2014 the <b>PRESIDENT<\/b>, not the Speaker and not the Finance Minister. And by <b>Rule 205<\/b>, <i>\"There shall be NO DISCUSSION OF THE BUDGET ON THE DAY ON WHICH IT IS PRESENTED to the House.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 372, part: 6, partId: 2,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 205\",\r\n    question: \"On the day on which the Budget is presented to the House,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"there shall be no discussion of the Budget\",\r\n      \"a general discussion of a limited duration may take place\",\r\n      \"the Finance Minister shall reply to points raised by members\",\r\n      \"members may seek clarifications with the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) there shall be no discussion of the Budget.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 205:<\/b> <i>\"THERE SHALL BE NO DISCUSSION OF THE BUDGET ON THE DAY ON WHICH IT IS PRESENTED TO THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe bar is absolute and unqualified \u2014 no proviso, no discretion in the Speaker. Members must be given time to study the Budget before debating it, and the general discussion comes later.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 207(1)<\/b> supplies the later stage: <i>\"ON A DAY TO BE APPOINTED BY THE SPEAKER SUBSEQUENT TO THE DAY ON WHICH THE BUDGET IS PRESENTED, and for such time as the Speaker may allot for this purpose, the House shall be at liberty to discuss the Budget AS A WHOLE OR ANY QUESTION OF PRINCIPLE INVOLVED THEREIN, but NO MOTION SHALL BE MOVED NOR SHALL THE BUDGET BE SUBMITTED TO THE VOTE OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>So the Budget passes through three distinct stages, and each has its own rule:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>PRESENTATION<\/b> \u2014 Rule 204; no discussion that day (205).<br>\r\n<b>GENERAL DISCUSSION<\/b> \u2014 Rule 207; the Budget as a whole or a question of principle; <b>no motion and no vote<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>VOTING OF DEMANDS<\/b> \u2014 Rule 208; days allotted, cut motions moved, and the guillotine at 17.00 hours on the last allotted day.<br><br>\r\nThe general discussion is one of the exceptions saved by the opening words of <b>Rule 184<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 373, part: 6, partId: 3,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 206(1)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 206 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a separate demand shall ordinarily be made in respect of the grant proposed for each Ministry, but the Finance Minister may\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"include in one demand grants proposed for two or more Ministries or Departments, or make a demand in respect of expenditure which cannot readily be classified under particular Ministries\",\r\n      \"dispense with a demand for any Ministry whose expenditure is charged on the Consolidated Fund\",\r\n      \"present the demands after the Appropriation Bill has been passed\",\r\n      \"vary the amount of any demand after it has been voted by the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 206(1):<\/b> <i>\"A separate demand shall ORDINARILY be made in respect of the grant proposed for each Ministry, provided that the Finance Minister may INCLUDE IN ONE DEMAND GRANTS PROPOSED FOR TWO OR MORE MINISTRIES OR DEPARTMENTS OR MAKE A DEMAND IN RESPECT OF EXPENDITURE WHICH CANNOT READILY BE CLASSIFIED UNDER PARTICULAR MINISTRIES.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the word \"ORDINARILY\"<\/b> in the main limb, which is what makes the proviso possible. And note that <b>\"Finance Minister\" is defined in Rule 2(1) as INCLUDING ANY MINISTER<\/b> \u2014 so the power is not personal to the holder of that portfolio.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 206(2)<\/b> prescribes the internal structure of a demand: <i>\"Each demand shall contain FIRST a statement of the TOTAL GRANT PROPOSED and THEN a statement of the DETAILED ESTIMATE under each grant DIVIDED INTO ITEMS.\"<\/i> Total first, detail after \u2014 and the \"items\" matter, because an <b>ECONOMY CUT<\/b> under Rule 209(b) may seek the omission or reduction of <b>an item<\/b> in the demand.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (b) inverts the position on charged expenditure.<\/b> Under <b>Article 113(1)<\/b> estimates of expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund <b>SHALL NOT BE SUBMITTED TO THE VOTE<\/b> of Parliament \u2014 but that does not remove them from the Budget; Article 113(1) expressly preserves the right to discuss them. What it does do is bar a cut motion on them, by <b>Rule 210(vii)<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 374, part: 6, partId: 4,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 207(1)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 207(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, during the general discussion on the Budget,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the House may discuss the Budget as a whole or any question of principle involved therein, but no motion shall be moved nor shall the Budget be submitted to the vote of the House\",\r\n      \"the House may discuss the details of each demand for grant and move motions to reduce them\",\r\n      \"the House shall discuss only those demands which the Speaker selects\",\r\n      \"the Budget shall be submitted to the vote of the House at the conclusion of the discussion\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 207(1):<\/b> <i>\"On a day to be appointed by the Speaker subsequent to the day on which the Budget is presented and for such time as the Speaker may allot for this purpose, the House shall be at liberty to discuss the Budget AS A WHOLE OR ANY QUESTION OF PRINCIPLE INVOLVED THEREIN, BUT NO MOTION SHALL BE MOVED NOR SHALL THE BUDGET BE SUBMITTED TO THE VOTE OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe general discussion is about <b>PRINCIPLE<\/b>, not detail, and nothing is decided at it. Details come at the next stage, under Rules 208 and 209.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 207(2)<\/b> gives the Government the last word: <i>\"The FINANCE MINISTER SHALL HAVE A GENERAL RIGHT OF REPLY at the end of the discussion.\"<\/i> Note the mandatory <b>\"SHALL HAVE\"<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 207(3):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker, IF THINKS FIT, MAY prescribe a time limit for speeches.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>\"No motion \u2026 nor \u2026 the vote\" places Rule 207(1) among the devices that operate without a motion<\/b> \u2014 the others being the Half-an-Hour Discussion (Rule 55(5)), the Short Duration Discussion (Rule 195), Calling Attention (Rule 197(2)) and a matter raised under Rule 377. All are exceptions saved by the opening words of <b>Rule 184<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The corresponding right of reply for the President's Address<\/b> is in Rule 20(1), where the Prime Minister or any other Minister may explain the position of the Government whether or not he has previously taken part.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 375, part: 6, partId: 5,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 207(2)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 207(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, at the end of the general discussion on the Budget, a general right of reply is available to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Finance Minister\",\r\n      \"the Prime Minister\",\r\n      \"the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the Finance Minister.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 207(2):<\/b> <i>\"The FINANCE MINISTER SHALL HAVE A GENERAL RIGHT OF REPLY AT THE END OF THE DISCUSSION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe right is expressed in mandatory terms \u2014 <b>\"SHALL HAVE\"<\/b> \u2014 so it is not in the Speaker's gift. And note that <b>\"Finance Minister\" is defined in Rule 2(1) as including ANY MINISTER<\/b>, so the reply may in fact be given by another Minister; the definition, not the portfolio, controls.<br><br>\r\n<b>The rights of reply in the Rules, collected:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 207(2)<\/b> \u2014 the Finance Minister on the general discussion on the Budget.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 20(1)<\/b> \u2014 the Prime Minister <b>OR ANY OTHER MINISTER<\/b> may, at the end of the discussion on the President's Address, explain the position of the Government, <i>\"notwithstanding that such Minister has NOT PREVIOUSLY TAKEN PART in the discussion.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 219(2)<\/b> \u2014 where a Minister has a right of reply on a Finance Bill an hour before the specified hour and has not begun, the Speaker asks how much time (not exceeding <b>ONE HOUR<\/b>) he requires and clears the floor for him.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 207(3)<\/b> completes the rule: the Speaker, if he thinks fit, may prescribe a time limit for speeches \u2014 discretionary, like Rules 192, 196 and 198(5), and unlike the mandatory Rule 63.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 376, part: 6, partId: 6,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 208(1)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 208(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the days for the discussion and voting of demands for grants, being so many days as may be compatible with the public interest, are allotted by the Speaker\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in consultation with the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"in his own discretion\",\r\n      \"on the recommendation of the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n      \"in consultation with the Finance Minister\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) in consultation with the Leader of the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 208(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall, IN CONSULTATION WITH THE LEADER OF THE HOUSE, allot SO MANY DAYS AS MAY BE COMPATIBLE WITH THE PUBLIC INTEREST for the discussion and voting of demands for grants.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The consulting partner differs from rule to rule, and that is a standing testing point:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 208(1)<\/b> \u2014 voting of demands: the <b>LEADER OF THE HOUSE<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 235<\/b> \u2014 amendments to subordinate legislation: the <b>LEADER OF THE HOUSE<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 16<\/b> \u2014 the President's Address under Article 87(1): the <b>LEADER OF THE HOUSE<\/b>, and there it is mandatory (\"shall \u2026 in consultation\").<br>\r\n<b>Rule 190<\/b> \u2014 a motion: the Leader of the House <b>OR<\/b> on the recommendation of the <b>BUSINESS ADVISORY COMMITTEE<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(3)<\/b> \u2014 a no-confidence motion: <b>NEITHER<\/b>; the Speaker acts alone after considering the state of business, because the motion is directed against the Government.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 208(2)<\/b> then imposes the guillotine: <i>\"On the LAST DAY of the allotted days AT 17.00 HOURS or at such other hour as the Speaker may fix IN ADVANCE, the Speaker shall FORTHWITH PUT EVERY QUESTION necessary to dispose of all the outstanding matters in connection with the demands for grants.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 377, part: 6, partId: 7,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 208(2)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker shall, in consultation with the Leader of the House, allot so many days as may be compatible with the public interest for the discussion and voting of demands for grants; and on the last day of the allotted days, or at such other hour as the Speaker may fix in advance, the Speaker shall forthwith put every question necessary to dispose of all the outstanding matters in connection with the demands for grants at :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"15.00 hours\",\r\n      \"16.00 hours\",\r\n      \"17.00 hours\",\r\n      \"18.00 hours\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 17.00 hours.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 208(2):<\/b> <i>\"On the last day of the allotted days AT 17.00 HOURS or at such other hour as the Speaker may fix in advance, the Speaker shall FORTHWITH PUT EVERY QUESTION NECESSARY TO DISPOSE OF ALL THE OUTSTANDING MATTERS IN CONNECTION WITH THE DEMANDS FOR GRANTS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis is the celebrated <b>GUILLOTINE<\/b> on demands for grants: at the appointed hour every outstanding demand and every outstanding cut motion is put without further discussion, however few have actually been debated.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the escape clause \u2014 \"or at such other hour as the Speaker MAY FIX IN ADVANCE.\"<\/b> The words \"in advance\" matter: the hour may be altered, but not on the spur of the moment.<br><br>\r\n<b>The clock-hours in the Rules, kept apart:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>11.00\u201318.00<\/b> \u2014 the ordinary sitting, lunch 13.00\u201314.00 (Rule 12).<br>\r\n<b>10.00 hours<\/b> \u2014 the notice deadline for adjournment motions (57), no-confidence motions (198(1)(b)), questions of privilege (223), notices opposing the introduction of a Bill (72(2)) and Calling Attention (Explanation (ii) to 197).<br>\r\n<b>16.00 hours<\/b> \u2014 an adjournment motion is taken up (Rule 61).<br>\r\n<b>17.00 hours<\/b> \u2014 the guillotine on demands for grants (Rule 208(2)).<br>\r\n<b>18.30 hours<\/b> \u2014 the question is put on an adjournment motion (Rule 62).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 378, part: 6, partId: 8,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 208(5)\",\r\n    question: \"Where several motions relating to the same demand for grant are offered, they shall be discussed\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in the order in which notices of them were received\",\r\n      \"in the order in which the heads to which they relate appear in the Budget\",\r\n      \"in such order as the Speaker may determine\",\r\n      \"in the order of the amounts sought to be reduced, beginning with the largest\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) in the order in which the heads to which they relate appear in the Budget.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 208(5):<\/b> <i>\"When several motions relating to the same demand for grant are offered, they shall be DISCUSSED IN THE ORDER IN WHICH THE HEADS TO WHICH THEY RELATE APPEAR IN THE BUDGET.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe sequence therefore follows the <b>BUDGET DOCUMENT ITSELF<\/b>, not the order of notices and not the Speaker's choice. That makes the debate systematic \u2014 the House works down the demand head by head.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the very different rule for amendments to a BILL \u2014 Rule 84:<\/b> amendments are arranged in the order in which they may be called; where two raise the same question at the same point, precedence <b>MAY<\/b> be given to the <b>MEMBER IN CHARGE's<\/b> amendment; and subject to that, in the order in which <b>NOTICES ARE RECEIVED<\/b>. Option (a) borrows that third tier.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 208(3) and (4)<\/b> complete the sub-rule, and (4) is the one worth marking:<br>\r\n<b>(3)<\/b> <i>\"Motions may be moved to reduce any demand for grant.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>(4)<\/b> <i>\"NO AMENDMENTS TO MOTIONS TO REDUCE ANY DEMAND FOR GRANT SHALL BE PERMISSIBLE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nA cut motion is thus the one motion in the entire book that cannot be amended at all \u2014 see item 9.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 379, part: 6, partId: 9,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 208(4)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 208(4) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, with regard to a motion to reduce a demand for grant, which one of the following is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"No amendments to such a motion shall be permissible\",\r\n      \"It may be amended in the same manner as any other motion\",\r\n      \"It may be amended only with the consent of the Finance Minister\",\r\n      \"It may be amended only if the amendment is formal or consequential\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) No amendments to such a motion shall be permissible.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 208(4):<\/b> <i>\"NO AMENDMENTS TO MOTIONS TO REDUCE ANY DEMAND FOR GRANT SHALL BE PERMISSIBLE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This is a striking exception, and it is what makes the point examinable.<\/b> Almost everything else before the House can be amended:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 79<\/b> and <b>Rule 80<\/b> \u2014 clauses and schedules of a Bill.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 177(1)<\/b> \u2014 a resolution.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 344<\/b> \u2014 motions generally: <i>\"An amendment shall be relevant to, and within the scope of, the motion to which it is proposed.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 75(2)<\/b> \u2014 even the motion after the introduction of a Bill.<br>\r\nA <b>CUT MOTION<\/b> stands alone in admitting no amendment whatever.<br><br>\r\n<b>The reason lies in what a cut motion is.<\/b> Under <b>Rule 209<\/b> it takes one of exactly three forms \u2014 reduction to <b>Re. 1<\/b>, reduction by a <b>specified amount<\/b>, or reduction by <b>Rs. 100<\/b> \u2014 and under <b>Rule 210(iii)<\/b> it must be <i>\"confined to ONE SPECIFIC MATTER which shall be stated in PRECISE TERMS.\"<\/i> A motion so tightly defined has nothing left to amend; a member who wants a different reduction gives notice of his own cut motion.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the contrast with Rule 214(2)<\/b>, on a <b>VOTE ON ACCOUNT<\/b>: <i>\"AMENDMENTS MAY BE MOVED for the reduction of the whole grant or for the reduction or omission of the items whereof the grant is composed.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 380, part: 6, partId: 10,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 209(c)\",\r\n    question: \"A motion that the amount of a demand be reduced by Rs. 100, in order to ventilate a specific grievance which is within the sphere of the responsibility of the Government of India, is known as a Token Cut; and the discussion on such a motion\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"may extend to the policy underlying the demand\",\r\n      \"shall be confined to the particular grievance specified in the motion\",\r\n      \"shall be confined to the manner in which economy can be effected\",\r\n      \"may extend to any grievance relating to the Ministry to which the demand relates\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) shall be confined to the particular grievance specified in the motion.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 209(c):<\/b> <i>\"'that the amount of the demand be REDUCED BY RS. 100\/-' in order to VENTILATE A SPECIFIC GRIEVANCE WHICH IS WITHIN THE SPHERE OF THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. Such a motion shall be known as 'TOKEN CUT' and the DISCUSSION THEREON SHALL BE CONFINED TO THE PARTICULAR GRIEVANCE SPECIFIED IN THE MOTION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) is the trap, and it is a narrow one.<\/b> The discussion is confined to <b>THE PARTICULAR GRIEVANCE SPECIFIED<\/b> \u2014 not to grievances of that Ministry generally. This follows <b>Rule 210(iii)<\/b>, under which every cut motion must be <i>\"confined to ONE SPECIFIC MATTER which shall be STATED IN PRECISE TERMS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Each of the three cuts has its own confined scope, and each confinement is different:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>209(a) Disapproval of Policy Cut<\/b> \u2014 confined to the specific points mentioned in the notice, <b>and alone permits members to ADVOCATE AN ALTERNATIVE POLICY<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>209(b) Economy Cut<\/b> \u2014 speeches confined to <b>how economy can be effected<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>209(c) Token Cut<\/b> \u2014 confined to <b>the particular grievance specified<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nSo option (a) belongs to the Re. 1 cut and option (c) to the Economy Cut.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note also the qualifying words \"WITHIN THE SPHERE OF THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA\"<\/b>, which mirror <b>Rule 210(vi)<\/b> and <b>Rule 219(5)<\/b>, and match the requirement for an adjournment motion in <b>Rule 58(iii)<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 381, part: 6, partId: 11,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 209(a)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 209(a) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, in the case of a motion that the amount of a demand be reduced to Re. 1, representing disapproval of the policy underlying the demand,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the discussion shall be confined to the specific point or points mentioned in the notice, and it shall be open to members to advocate an alternative policy\",\r\n      \"the discussion shall be confined to the manner in which economy can be effected\",\r\n      \"the discussion shall be confined to the particular grievance specified in the motion\",\r\n      \"no discussion shall be permitted, and the question shall be put forthwith\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 209(a):<\/b> the motion <i>\"'that the amount of the demand be reduced to Re. 1\/-' representing DISAPPROVAL OF THE POLICY UNDERLYING THE DEMAND. Such a motion shall be known as 'DISAPPROVAL OF POLICY CUT'. A member giving notice of such a motion shall INDICATE IN PRECISE TERMS THE PARTICULARS OF THE POLICY which the member proposes to discuss. The discussion shall be CONFINED TO THE SPECIFIC POINT OR POINTS MENTIONED IN THE NOTICE and IT SHALL BE OPEN TO MEMBERS TO ADVOCATE AN ALTERNATIVE POLICY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The right to advocate an alternative policy belongs to this cut motion ALONE.<\/b> That is what makes the Re. 1 cut the most substantial of the three \u2014 it puts the Government's whole approach to a head of expenditure in issue, and lets the Opposition set out what it would do instead.<br><br>\r\n<b>Options (b) and (c) state the scope of the other two cuts:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 209(b)<\/b> \u2014 Economy Cut: <i>\"speeches shall be confined to the discussion as to HOW ECONOMY CAN BE EFFECTED.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 209(c)<\/b> \u2014 Token Cut: <i>\"the discussion thereon shall be confined to THE PARTICULAR GRIEVANCE SPECIFIED IN THE MOTION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nEach of the three, therefore, has its own confined scope \u2014 and in each case the confinement follows from what the notice itself specified, as <b>Rule 210(iii)<\/b> requires.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 382, part: 6, partId: 12,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 209(b)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 209(b) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a motion that the amount of a demand be reduced by a specified amount, representing the economy that can be effected, is known as an Economy Cut; and such specified amount may be\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a lump sum reduction in the demand only\",\r\n      \"either a lump sum reduction in the demand, or the omission or reduction of an item in the demand\",\r\n      \"the omission of an item in the demand only\",\r\n      \"any amount not exceeding one-tenth of the demand\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 209(b):<\/b> <i>\"'that the amount of the demand be reduced by a specified amount' representing THE ECONOMY THAT CAN BE EFFECTED. SUCH SPECIFIED AMOUNT MAY BE EITHER A LUMP SUM REDUCTION IN THE DEMAND OR OMISSION OR REDUCTION OF AN ITEM IN THE DEMAND. The motion shall be known as 'ECONOMY CUT'. The notice shall indicate BRIEFLY AND PRECISELY the particular matter on which discussion is sought to be raised and speeches shall be confined to the discussion as to HOW ECONOMY CAN BE EFFECTED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The reference to an ITEM connects back to Rule 206(2)<\/b>, under which each demand contains <i>\"first a statement of the total grant proposed and then a statement of the DETAILED ESTIMATE under each grant DIVIDED INTO ITEMS.\"<\/i> It is that itemisation which makes an item-level Economy Cut possible.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) invents a ceiling.<\/b> There is none \u2014 the specified amount is whatever economy the member says can be effected. What the rule requires is not a limit on the amount but <b>PRECISION IN THE NOTICE<\/b>, so that the House knows what is being attacked.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the drafting difference between the three cuts:<\/b> for the <b>POLICY<\/b> cut the notice must indicate <i>\"IN PRECISE TERMS the particulars of the policy\"<\/i>; for the <b>ECONOMY<\/b> cut, <i>\"BRIEFLY AND PRECISELY the particular matter\"<\/i>; for the <b>TOKEN<\/b> cut the grievance is specified in the motion itself.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 383, part: 6, partId: 13,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 210\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is NOT among the conditions governing the admissibility of a motion for the reduction of the amount of a demand?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"It shall relate to one demand only\",\r\n      \"It shall be confined to one specific matter which shall be stated in precise terms\",\r\n      \"It shall relate to expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India\",\r\n      \"It shall not make suggestions for the amendment or repeal of existing laws\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this is NOT a condition; the rule says the opposite.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 210(vii):<\/b> a cut motion <i>\"shall NOT RELATE TO EXPENDITURE CHARGED ON THE CONSOLIDATED FUND OF INDIA.\"<\/i> The option has had the negative stripped out \u2014 the construction the Commission uses on every admissibility rule.<br><br>\r\n<b>The bar follows from the Constitution. Article 113(1):<\/b> <i>\"So much of the estimates as relates to expenditure charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India SHALL NOT BE SUBMITTED TO THE VOTE of Parliament, but nothing in this clause shall be construed as preventing the discussion in either House of Parliament of any of those estimates.\"<\/i> Charged expenditure may be <b>DISCUSSED<\/b> but not <b>VOTED<\/b> \u2014 and a cut motion is a proposal to vote a reduction, so it cannot lie.<br><br>\r\n<b>What is charged on the Consolidated Fund is set out in Article 112(3)<\/b> \u2014 the emoluments of the President, the salaries of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman, debt charges, the salaries and pensions of Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, of the Comptroller and Auditor-General, and sums required to satisfy a court decree.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are conditions:<\/b> <b>210(i)<\/b> one demand only (A \u2713); <b>210(iii)<\/b> one specific matter in precise terms (B \u2713); <b>210(v)<\/b> no suggestions for the amendment or repeal of existing laws (D \u2713).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 384, part: 6, partId: 14,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 210\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following conditions of admissibility of cut motions:<br>1. It shall not raise a question of privilege.<br>2. It shall not revive discussion on a matter which has been discussed in the same session and on which a decision has been taken.<br>3. It shall not anticipate a matter which has been previously appointed for consideration in the same session.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three are conditions in <b>Rule 210<\/b> \u2014 clauses (ix), (x) and (xi) respectively.<br><br>\r\n<b>Clause (x) is more tightly drawn than its counterparts elsewhere, and that is worth noticing.<\/b> It bars reviving a matter discussed in the same session <b>\"AND ON WHICH A DECISION HAS BEEN TAKEN\"<\/b>. Compare <b>Rule 186(vi)<\/b> for motions and <b>Rule 58(v)<\/b> for adjournment motions, which bar reviving a matter discussed in the same session <b>full stop<\/b> \u2014 no decision is required. So a matter merely discussed, without a decision, may still found a cut motion.<br><br>\r\n<b>Clause (xi) is likewise narrower.<\/b> It bars anticipating a matter <b>\"PREVIOUSLY APPOINTED FOR CONSIDERATION\"<\/b> in the same session \u2014 a matter actually set down. Rule 186(vii) bars anticipating a matter merely <b>\"LIKELY TO BE DISCUSSED\"<\/b>, and Rule 58(vi) adds a test of <b>PROBABILITY<\/b> within a reasonable time.<br><br>\r\n<b>The thirteen conditions in Rule 210, in outline:<\/b> (i) one demand only \u00b7 (ii) clearly expressed, no arguments, inferences, ironical expressions, imputations, <b>epithets<\/b> or defamatory statements \u00b7 (iii) one specific matter, precise terms \u00b7 (iv) no reflection on conduct challengeable only on a substantive motion \u00b7 (v) no suggestions to amend or repeal laws \u00b7 (vi) not outside the concern of the Government of India \u00b7 (vii) not charged expenditure \u00b7 (viii) not sub judice before a court of law \u00b7 (ix) no question of privilege \u00b7 (x) no revival \u00b7 (xi) no anticipation \u00b7 (xii) not ordinarily a matter before a tribunal or commission \u00b7 (xiii) not a trivial matter.<br><br>\r\nNote that clause (ii) is the only admissibility rule in the book that adds the word <b>EPITHETS<\/b> to the standard list.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 385, part: 6, partId: 15,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 210(xii)\",\r\n    question: \"In the case of a cut motion seeking to raise discussion on a matter pending before a statutory tribunal or a commission of enquiry, the Speaker may in his own discretion allow such matter to be raised in the House as is concerned with\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the procedure or stage of enquiry\",\r\n      \"the procedure or subject or stage of enquiry\",\r\n      \"the subject or stage of enquiry\",\r\n      \"the procedure or subject of enquiry\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the procedure or stage of enquiry.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 210(xii):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that the Speaker MAY IN OWN DISCRETION ALLOW SUCH MATTER BEING RAISED IN THE HOUSE AS IS CONCERNED WITH THE PROCEDURE OR STAGE OF ENQUIRY, if the Speaker is satisfied that it is not likely to prejudice the consideration of such matter by the statutory tribunal, statutory authority, commission or court of enquiry.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This is the only one of the five sub-judice carve-outs that OMITS the word \"SUBJECT\", and it is the sleeper of Chapter XIX.<\/b> The other four all read <i>\"the procedure or SUBJECT or stage of enquiry\"<\/i>:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 41(2)(xxiii)<\/b> \u2014 questions \u00b7 <b>Rule 59<\/b> \u2014 adjournment motions \u00b7 <b>Rule 175<\/b> \u2014 resolutions \u00b7 <b>Rule 188<\/b> \u2014 motions.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 210(xii)<\/b> alone says <i>\"the procedure OR STAGE of enquiry.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe effect is to make the cut-motion carve-out the <b>NARROWEST<\/b> of the five: the House may ask how the enquiry is being conducted and how far it has got, but not what it is about.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note also that Rule 210 carries BOTH kinds of sub-judice bar, as every chapter of this family does:<\/b> clause <b>(viii)<\/b> is <b>ABSOLUTE<\/b> for a matter <i>\"under adjudication by a COURT OF LAW having jurisdiction in any part of India\"<\/i>; clause <b>(xii)<\/b> is <b>QUALIFIED<\/b> \u2014 \"shall not ORDINARILY\" \u2014 for tribunals, authorities, commissions and courts of enquiry.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 386, part: 6, partId: 16,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 211\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker may disallow a cut motion when he is of the opinion that it is\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"an abuse of the right of moving cut motions, or calculated to obstruct or prejudicially affect the procedure of the House, or in contravention of the rules\",\r\n      \"likely to be defeated on a division\",\r\n      \"directed against a demand which the House has already voted\",\r\n      \"of insufficient financial significance\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 211:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall decide whether a cut motion is or is not admissible under these rules and MAY DISALLOW ANY CUT MOTION when the Speaker is of the opinion that it is AN ABUSE OF THE RIGHT OF MOVING CUT MOTIONS or is CALCULATED TO OBSTRUCT OR PREJUDICIALLY AFFECT THE PROCEDURE OF THE HOUSE or is IN CONTRAVENTION OF THESE RULES.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The same three grounds appear in FOUR identically drafted rules, and Rule 211 completes the set:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 43(1)<\/b> \u2014 <b>QUESTIONS<\/b>: an abuse of the right of questioning\u2026<br>\r\n<b>Rule 174<\/b> \u2014 <b>RESOLUTIONS<\/b>: an abuse of the right of moving a resolution\u2026<br>\r\n<b>Rule 187<\/b> \u2014 <b>MOTIONS<\/b>: an abuse of the right of moving a motion\u2026<br>\r\n<b>Rule 211<\/b> \u2014 <b>CUT MOTIONS<\/b>, as above.<br><br>\r\nThe 2025 paper set two of the four in a single sitting \u2014 Rule 43(1) at Q25 and Rule 187 at Q36 \u2014 so the pattern is live.<br><br>\r\n<b>One drafting difference is worth noting.<\/b> Rules 43(1), 174 and 187 all extend the power to <b>\"a part thereof\"<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may disallow part of a question, resolution or motion. Rule 211 does not carry those words, which follows from <b>Rule 210(i) and (iii)<\/b>: a cut motion must relate to <b>one demand only<\/b> and be confined to <b>one specific matter<\/b>, so there are no severable parts to disallow.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 212<\/b> supplies the notice period: <b>ONE DAY<\/b> previous to the day the demand is under consideration, failing which any member may object and the objection prevails unless the Speaker allows the motion.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 387, part: 6, partId: 17,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 212\",\r\n    question: \"Where notice of a motion to reduce a demand for grant has not been given one day previous to the day on which the demand is under consideration,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the motion cannot be moved at all\",\r\n      \"any member may object to the moving of the motion, and such objection shall prevail, unless the Speaker allows the motion to be made\",\r\n      \"the motion may be moved only with the consent of the Finance Minister\",\r\n      \"the motion shall be taken up on the last of the allotted days\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 212:<\/b> <i>\"If notice of a motion to reduce any demand for grant has not been given ONE DAY PREVIOUS to the day on which the demand is under consideration, ANY MEMBER MAY OBJECT to the moving of the motion, and SUCH OBJECTION SHALL PREVAIL, UNLESS THE SPEAKER ALLOWS THE MOTION TO BE MADE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This is the fourth appearance of a single formula, and recognising it is worth more than learning the four rules separately:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 79(1)<\/b> \u2014 an amendment to a clause or schedule of a <b>BILL<\/b>: one day.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 177(2)<\/b> \u2014 an amendment to a <b>RESOLUTION<\/b>: one day.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 212<\/b> \u2014 a <b>CUT MOTION<\/b>: one day.<br>\r\nAnd at two days, attaching to papers rather than notices: the second proviso to <b>Rule 74<\/b> (copies of the Bill) and the proviso to <b>Rule 77(1)<\/b> (copy of the Committee report).<br><br>\r\nIn every one of the five the structure is identical: the default protects the member who wants time, his objection <b>PREVAILS<\/b>, and the <b>SPEAKER MAY OVERRIDE<\/b> it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (a) is the standard trap on this family<\/b> \u2014 it states the protection correctly but makes it absolute. The Speaker's discretion is never excluded.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 388, part: 6, partId: 18,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 213\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 213 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where the Budget is presented to the House in two or more parts,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"each part shall be dealt with in accordance with the rules as if it were the Budget\",\r\n      \"the parts shall be consolidated before the general discussion is taken up\",\r\n      \"only the first part shall be open to a general discussion\",\r\n      \"the demands for grants shall be voted only after all the parts have been presented\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 213:<\/b> <i>\"NOTHING HEREINBEFORE CONTAINED SHALL BE DEEMED TO PREVENT THE PRESENTATION OF THE BUDGET TO THE HOUSE IN TWO OR MORE PARTS and when such presentation takes place, EACH PART SHALL BE DEALT WITH IN ACCORDANCE WITH THESE RULES AS IF IT WERE THE BUDGET.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule does two things: it <b>PERMITS<\/b> a split presentation, and it makes each part a self-contained Budget for procedural purposes. So each part gets its own day of presentation with no discussion (Rule 205), its own general discussion (Rule 207), its own allotted days and guillotine (Rule 208), and its own cut motions (Rules 209\u2013212).<br><br>\r\nThe historical occasion for the rule was the separate presentation of the <b>RAILWAY BUDGET<\/b>, which was presented apart from the General Budget from 1924 until the two were merged in 2017. Rule 213 is what made that possible, and it survives the merger because the power is general.<br><br>\r\n<b>The neighbouring rules deal with other departures from the ordinary course:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 214<\/b> \u2014 a <b>VOTE ON ACCOUNT<\/b>, under Article 116(1)(a), to carry the Government until the demands are voted.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 215<\/b> \u2014 <b>SUPPLEMENTARY, ADDITIONAL, EXCESS and EXCEPTIONAL grants and VOTES OF CREDIT<\/b>, regulated by the same procedure as demands for grants, subject to such adaptations as the Speaker deems necessary or expedient.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 217<\/b> \u2014 a <b>TOKEN GRANT<\/b>, where funds for a new service can be found by reappropriation.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 389, part: 6, partId: 19,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 214(1)\",\r\n    question: \"A motion for vote on account shall state the total sum required, and the various amounts needed for each Ministry, Department or item of expenditure which compose that sum shall be stated\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in a schedule appended to the motion\",\r\n      \"in the body of the motion itself\",\r\n      \"in a separate statement laid on the Table\",\r\n      \"in the financial memorandum accompanying the motion\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) in a schedule appended to the motion.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 214(1):<\/b> <i>\"A motion for vote on account SHALL STATE THE TOTAL SUM REQUIRED and the various amounts needed for each Ministry, Department or item of expenditure which compose that sum SHALL BE STATED IN A SCHEDULE APPENDED TO THE MOTION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The structure \u2014 total in the motion, detail in a schedule \u2014 mirrors Rule 206(2)<\/b>, under which each demand for grant contains <i>\"FIRST a statement of the TOTAL grant proposed and THEN a statement of the DETAILED ESTIMATE under each grant divided into items.\"<\/i> Total first, particulars after.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 214(2)<\/b> is the point of contrast with an ordinary demand: <i>\"AMENDMENTS MAY BE MOVED for the reduction of the whole grant or for the reduction or omission of the items whereof the grant is composed.\"<\/i> Compare <b>Rule 208(4)<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"NO amendments to motions to reduce any demand for grant shall be permissible.\"<\/i> A vote on account admits amendments; a cut motion does not.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 214(3):<\/b> a discussion <b>OF A GENERAL CHARACTER<\/b> may be allowed, <i>\"but the DETAILS of the grant shall not be discussed further than is necessary to develop the general points.\"<\/i> \u2014 the same formula as Rule 75(1) for a Bill after introduction.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 214(4):<\/b> in other respects a motion for vote on account is dealt with <b>as if it were a demand for grant<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The constitutional source is Article 116(1)(a).<\/b>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 390, part: 6, partId: 20,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 215\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 215 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, supplementary, additional, excess and exceptional grants and votes of credit shall be regulated by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the procedure applicable to a Finance Bill\",\r\n      \"a procedure to be determined by the Finance Minister in each case\",\r\n      \"the same procedure as is applicable in the case of demands for grants, subject to such adaptations as the Speaker may deem necessary or expedient\",\r\n      \"the procedure applicable to a vote on account\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 215:<\/b> <i>\"SUPPLEMENTARY, ADDITIONAL, EXCESS AND EXCEPTIONAL GRANTS AND VOTES OF CREDIT shall be regulated by THE SAME PROCEDURE AS IS APPLICABLE IN THE CASE OF DEMANDS FOR GRANTS SUBJECT TO SUCH ADAPTATIONS, WHETHER BY WAY OF MODIFICATION, ADDITION OR OMISSION, AS THE SPEAKER MAY DEEM TO BE NECESSARY OR EXPEDIENT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the breadth of the adapting power<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may modify, add to <b>OR OMIT<\/b> parts of the ordinary procedure. It is one of the widest discretions in the book, and it belongs with <b>Rule 221<\/b>, which gives him <i>\"all such powers as are necessary for the purpose of the TIMELY COMPLETION of all financial business.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The five kinds of grant named in Rule 215 come from the Constitution \u2014 Article 115 and Article 116:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>SUPPLEMENTARY<\/b> \u2014 where the amount authorised for a service proves insufficient (Art 115(1)(a)).<br>\r\n<b>ADDITIONAL<\/b> \u2014 for new services not contemplated in the annual Budget (Art 115(1)(a)).<br>\r\n<b>EXCESS<\/b> \u2014 where money has been spent in excess of the amount granted (Art 115(1)(b)); by <b>Rule 308(1)(b)<\/b> such demands go first to the <b>PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>EXCEPTIONAL<\/b> grants \u2014 Art 116(1)(c), forming no part of the current service of any financial year.<br>\r\n<b>VOTES OF CREDIT<\/b> \u2014 Art 116(1)(b), for an unexpected demand of such magnitude or indefinite character that it cannot be stated with the detail of an ordinary Budget.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 216<\/b> then confines the debate on supplementary grants to the items constituting them.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 391, part: 6, partId: 21,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 216\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 216 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the debate on supplementary grants shall be confined to the items constituting the same, and no discussion may be raised on the original grants nor the policy underlying them,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"unless the Speaker permits a wider discussion\",\r\n      \"save in so far as it may be necessary to explain or illustrate the particular items under discussion\",\r\n      \"unless the supplementary grant exceeds the original grant\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 216:<\/b> <i>\"The debate on the supplementary grants shall be CONFINED TO THE ITEMS CONSTITUTING THE SAME and no discussion may be raised on the original grants nor policy underlying them SAVE IN SO FAR AS IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO EXPLAIN OR ILLUSTRATE THE PARTICULAR ITEMS UNDER DISCUSSION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe saving words are a practical necessity: a supplementary item often cannot be explained at all without reference to the original grant it supplements. What the rule forbids is reopening the original grant <b>FOR ITS OWN SAKE<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The identical formula reappears one rule later, for the Appropriation Bill \u2014 Rule 218(4):<\/b> <i>\"If an Appropriation Bill is in pursuance of a SUPPLEMENTARY GRANT in respect of an existing service, the discussion shall be confined to the items constituting the same, and no discussion shall be raised on the original grant nor the policy underlying it SAVE IN SO FAR AS IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO EXPLAIN OR ILLUSTRATE A PARTICULAR ITEM UNDER DISCUSSION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo the same restriction bites twice \u2014 once when the supplementary grant is voted, and again when the Appropriation Bill giving effect to it is debated. The purpose in both places is the same: the House has already had its debate on the original grant, and a supplementary is not an occasion to have it over again.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 218(2)<\/b> states the general principle for an Appropriation Bill: the debate is restricted to matters of public importance or administrative policy implied in the grants <b>WHICH HAVE NOT ALREADY BEEN RAISED<\/b> while the relevant demands were under consideration.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 392, part: 6, partId: 22,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 217\",\r\n    question: \"Where funds to meet proposed expenditure on a new service can be made available by reappropriation,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a demand for the grant of a token sum may be submitted to the vote of the House, and if the House assents, funds may be so made available\",\r\n      \"the expenditure may be incurred without any reference to the House\",\r\n      \"a supplementary demand for the full amount shall be submitted to the House\",\r\n      \"the prior approval of the Public Accounts Committee shall be obtained\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 217:<\/b> <i>\"When funds to meet proposed expenditure ON A NEW SERVICE can be made available BY REAPPROPRIATION, a DEMAND FOR THE GRANT OF A TOKEN SUM may be submitted to the vote of the House and, IF THE HOUSE ASSENTS TO THE DEMAND, FUNDS MAY BE SO MADE AVAILABLE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The device exists because of a constitutional principle:<\/b> money may be reappropriated within a grant, but a <b>NEW SERVICE<\/b> not contemplated when the grant was voted requires the House's authority. The token demand is how that authority is obtained without asking for money the Government already has.<br><br>\r\n<b>Do NOT confuse a TOKEN GRANT with a TOKEN CUT \u2014 this is the pair the examiner sets:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>TOKEN GRANT \u2014 Rule 217<\/b>: moved by the <b>GOVERNMENT<\/b>, a demand for a nominal sum, to obtain the House's assent to spending on a <b>NEW SERVICE<\/b> out of funds found by reappropriation.<br>\r\n<b>TOKEN CUT \u2014 Rule 209(c)<\/b>: moved by a <b>MEMBER<\/b>, that the demand be reduced by <b>Rs. 100<\/b>, to <b>VENTILATE A SPECIFIC GRIEVANCE<\/b> within the sphere of responsibility of the Government of India.<br>\r\nOne asks for money; the other attacks it. They share only the word \"token\".<br><br>\r\n<b>The Public Accounts Committee's connection is with EXCESS grants<\/b>, not this \u2014 <b>Rule 308(1)(b)<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 393, part: 6, partId: 23,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 218(2)\",\r\n    question: \"The debate on an Appropriation Bill shall be restricted to matters of public importance or administrative policy implied in the grants covered by the Bill\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"which relate to expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India\",\r\n      \"which the Speaker may select in advance\",\r\n      \"which have not already been raised while the relevant demands for grants were under consideration\",\r\n      \"which are of a general character only\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 218(2):<\/b> <i>\"The debate on an Appropriation Bill shall be restricted to matters of PUBLIC IMPORTANCE OR ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY IMPLIED IN THE GRANTS COVERED BY THE BILL WHICH HAVE NOT ALREADY BEEN RAISED WHILE THE RELEVANT DEMANDS FOR GRANTS WERE UNDER CONSIDERATION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe whole object is to prevent the House from debating the same ground twice \u2014 once on the demands and again on the Bill that appropriates the money for them.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 218(3) gives the Speaker the machinery to enforce it, and it is unusual:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may, IN ORDER TO AVOID REPETITION OF DEBATE, REQUIRE MEMBERS DESIRING TO TAKE PART IN DISCUSSION ON AN APPROPRIATION BILL TO GIVE ADVANCE INTIMATION OF THE SPECIFIC POINTS THEY INTEND TO RAISE, and the Speaker MAY WITHHOLD PERMISSION FOR RAISING SUCH OF THE POINTS as in the opinion of the Speaker appear to be REPETITIONS of the matters discussed on a demand for grant OR AS MAY NOT BE OF SUFFICIENT PUBLIC IMPORTANCE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThat is a power to vet the <b>CONTENT<\/b> of speeches in advance, and it exists nowhere else in the book.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 218(1):<\/b> subject to the Constitution, the procedure on an Appropriation Bill is the same as for Bills generally, <i>\"with such modifications as the Speaker may consider necessary.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 218(5):<\/b> the Speaker, if he thinks fit, may prescribe a time-limit for speeches.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 394, part: 6, partId: 24,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 218(3)\",\r\n    question: \"In order to avoid repetition of debate on an Appropriation Bill, the Speaker may require members desiring to take part in the discussion to give advance intimation of the specific points they intend to raise, and may withhold permission for raising such of the points as\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"appear to be repetitions of matters discussed on a demand for grant, or as may not be of sufficient public importance\",\r\n      \"relate to expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India\",\r\n      \"are opposed by the Minister concerned\",\r\n      \"would require a reply from more than one Ministry\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 218(3):<\/b> the Speaker <i>\"MAY WITHHOLD PERMISSION FOR RAISING SUCH OF THE POINTS, AS IN THE OPINION OF THE SPEAKER APPEAR TO BE REPETITIONS OF THE MATTERS DISCUSSED ON A DEMAND FOR GRANT OR AS MAY NOT BE OF SUFFICIENT PUBLIC IMPORTANCE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>TWO grounds, and the second is much the wider.<\/b> \"Repetition\" is what the rule is aimed at; but the Speaker may also withhold permission for a point that is simply <b>NOT OF SUFFICIENT PUBLIC IMPORTANCE<\/b> \u2014 a general power of selection over the content of the debate.<br><br>\r\n<b>This is the only place in the Rules where a member may be required to disclose IN ADVANCE what he proposes to SAY.<\/b> Elsewhere advance intimation goes only to the fact of participation:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 195<\/b> \u2014 a member who has previously intimated the <b>SPEAKER<\/b> may be permitted to take part in a short duration discussion.<br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 55(5)<\/b> \u2014 up to four members who have previously intimated the <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b> may ask a question each.<br>\r\nNeither requires the substance to be disclosed.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 218(4)<\/b> adds the supplementary-grant restriction, in the same words as Rule 216; and <b>Rule 218(5)<\/b> the discretionary time-limit. Note that sub-rule (2) as originally enacted was <b>OMITTED<\/b> by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989 and the present sub-rule (2) is a renumbering.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 395, part: 6, partId: 25,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 219(1)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 219(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, for the purposes of the rules relating to financial business, \\\"Finance Bill\\\" means the Bill ordinarily introduced in each year to give effect to the financial proposals of the Government of India for the next following financial year, and includes\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"an Appropriation Bill\",\r\n      \"any Bill involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India\",\r\n      \"any Bill certified by the Speaker as a Money Bill\",\r\n      \"a Bill to give effect to supplementary financial proposals for any period\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) a Bill to give effect to supplementary financial proposals for any period.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 219(1):<\/b> <i>\"In this rule 'FINANCE BILL' means the Bill ordinarily introduced in each year to give effect to the FINANCIAL PROPOSALS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA FOR THE NEXT FOLLOWING FINANCIAL YEAR and INCLUDES A BILL TO GIVE EFFECT TO SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCIAL PROPOSALS FOR ANY PERIOD.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Keep the three financial Bills apart \u2014 they do quite different work:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>FINANCE BILL<\/b> (Rule 219) \u2014 gives effect to the Government's <b>TAXATION<\/b> proposals.<br>\r\n<b>APPROPRIATION BILL<\/b> (Rule 218) \u2014 authorises the <b>WITHDRAWAL<\/b> from the Consolidated Fund of the sums voted as demands for grants, plus charged expenditure (Article 114).<br>\r\n<b>A MONEY BILL<\/b> (Article 110) \u2014 the wider constitutional category into which both fall, certified by the <b>SPEAKER<\/b> under Article 110(4).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 219(5)<\/b> gives the Finance Bill an unusually wide debate: <i>\"On a motion that the Finance Bill be taken into consideration, a member may discuss matters relating to GENERAL ADMINISTRATION, LOCAL GRIEVANCES WITHIN THE SPHERE OF THE RESPONSIBILITY OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA OR MONETARY OR FINANCIAL POLICY OF GOVERNMENT.\"<\/i> \u2014 three heads, and far broader than the restricted debate on an Appropriation Bill under Rule 218(2).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 219(6):<\/b> in other respects the rules applicable to Bills in <b>Chapter X<\/b> apply.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 396, part: 6, partId: 26,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 219(5)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 219(5) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, on a motion that the Finance Bill be taken into consideration, a member may discuss matters relating to<br>1. general administration;<br>2. local grievances within the sphere of the responsibility of the Government of India;<br>3. monetary or financial policy of Government.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 219(5):<\/b> <i>\"On a motion that the Finance Bill be taken into consideration, a member may discuss matters relating to GENERAL ADMINISTRATION, LOCAL GRIEVANCES WITHIN THE SPHERE OF THE RESPONSIBILITY OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA OR MONETARY OR FINANCIAL POLICY OF GOVERNMENT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This is one of the widest scopes of debate in the whole book<\/b>, and the width is deliberate \u2014 the Finance Bill is the annual occasion on which the Government's stewardship as a whole may be reviewed. Note especially the inclusion of <b>LOCAL GRIEVANCES<\/b>, which almost every other rule would exclude as insufficiently general.<br><br>\r\n<b>Set it against the scope allowed on the OTHER financial Bill. Rule 218(2)<\/b> restricts the debate on an <b>APPROPRIATION BILL<\/b> to matters of public importance or administrative policy implied in the grants <b>WHICH HAVE NOT ALREADY BEEN RAISED<\/b> on the demands \u2014 and Rule 218(3) lets the Speaker vet the points in advance and refuse repetitions.<br><br>\r\nSo the two Bills are opposites in this respect: the Appropriation Bill debate is the <b>NARROWEST<\/b> in Chapter XIX, the Finance Bill debate the <b>WIDEST<\/b>. The reason is that the Appropriation Bill merely appropriates money the House has already voted demand by demand, whereas the Finance Bill imposes the taxation that pays for it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 219(6)<\/b> applies the Chapter X machinery in all other respects.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 397, part: 6, partId: 27,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 219(2)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"Where a Minister has a right of reply to the debate on a motion on a Finance Bill which is under discussion an hour before the specified hour and has not commenced the reply at that hour, the Speaker shall inquire how much time the Minister requires for the reply and shall call upon any member for the time being addressing the House to resume seat accordingly; the time which the Minister may so state that he requires shall not exceed :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"half an hour\",\r\n      \"two hours\",\r\n      \"one hour and a half\",\r\n      \"one hour\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) one hour.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 219(2):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that if a Minister has a right of reply to the debate on the motion which is under discussion AN HOUR BEFORE THE SPECIFIED HOUR and has not commenced reply at that hour, the Speaker shall inquire HOW MUCH TIME NOT EXCEEDING ONE HOUR the Minister requires for the reply, and shall call upon any member for the time being addressing the House to RESUME SEAT at such time as will leave available before the specified hour the amount of time which the Minister has stated to require for the reply.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe proviso protects the Government's reply against the guillotine. Without it, the allotted time could be exhausted by back-bench speeches and the Minister silenced by the clock.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 219(2)<\/b> is the guillotine it qualifies: at any time after the introduction of a Finance Bill the Speaker may allot a day or days, <i>\"jointly or severally, for the completion of all or any of the stages\"<\/i>, and at the specified hour on the allotted day or the last of them shall <b>FORTHWITH PUT EVERY QUESTION<\/b> necessary to dispose of all outstanding matters.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 219(3)<\/b> settles a doubt that would otherwise arise: where one of the questions to be put is <b>THAT THE BILL BE PASSED<\/b>, sub-rule (2) has effect <b>NOTWITHSTANDING THAT AMENDMENTS TO THE BILL HAVE BEEN MADE<\/b> \u2014 so Rule 93(2), which ordinarily forbids the passing motion on the same day as an amended Bill's consideration concludes, does not obstruct the guillotine.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 398, part: 6, partId: 28,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 220\",\r\n    question: \"Notwithstanding that a day has been allotted for financial business, a motion for leave to introduce a Bill may be made and a Bill may be introduced on such day\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"at any time during the sitting, with the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"only if the Bill is a Money Bill\",\r\n      \"only after the financial business for the day has been concluded\",\r\n      \"before the House enters on the business for which the day has been allotted\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) before the House enters on the business for which the day has been allotted.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 220:<\/b> <i>\"NOTWITHSTANDING THAT A DAY HAS BEEN ALLOTTED FOR FINANCIAL BUSINESS under rules 207, 208, 218 or 219, A MOTION OR MOTIONS FOR LEAVE TO INTRODUCE A BILL OR BILLS MAY BE MADE AND A BILL OR BILLS MAY BE INTRODUCED ON SUCH DAY BEFORE THE HOUSE ENTERS ON THE BUSINESS FOR WHICH THE DAY HAS BEEN ALLOTTED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The timing is the whole answer.<\/b> Introductions are taken <b>FIRST<\/b>, and once the House has entered on the financial business the day belongs to it entirely. The rule names the four provisions it overrides \u2014 Rules 207 (general discussion), 208 (voting of demands), 218 (Appropriation Bill) and 219 (Finance Bill).<br><br>\r\n<b>The concession is narrow, and that is why it works.<\/b> Only <b>LEAVE TO INTRODUCE<\/b> and <b>INTRODUCTION<\/b> are permitted \u2014 not consideration, not passing, not any other stage. Introduction takes almost no time, since under <b>Rule 72(1)<\/b> an opposed motion for leave gets only brief statements from each side, and by the second proviso a Finance or Appropriation Bill is put to vote <b>FORTHWITH<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 221<\/b> then confers the residual power: in addition to the powers exercisable under the rules, the Speaker may exercise <b>ALL SUCH POWERS AS ARE NECESSARY FOR THE TIMELY COMPLETION OF ALL FINANCIAL BUSINESS<\/b>, including the allotment of time; and where time is so allotted he shall at the appointed hour put every question necessary to dispose of the outstanding matters.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 399, part: 6, partId: 29,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Explanation to Rule 221\",\r\n    question: \"For the purposes of the rule empowering the Speaker to exercise all such powers as are necessary for the timely completion of all financial business, \\\"financial business\\\"\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"means only the business specified in Rules 207, 208, 218 and 219\",\r\n      \"includes any business referred to the Speaker by the Finance Minister\",\r\n      \"means only the Budget, the demands for grants and the Appropriation Bill\",\r\n      \"includes any business which the Speaker holds as coming within this category under the Constitution\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Explanation to Rule 221:<\/b> <i>\"FINANCIAL BUSINESS INCLUDES ANY BUSINESS WHICH THE SPEAKER HOLDS AS COMING WITHIN THIS CATEGORY UNDER THE CONSTITUTION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe Explanation is deliberately open-ended. It does not list the business; it makes the <b>SPEAKER's HOLDING<\/b> the test, and refers him to the <b>CONSTITUTION<\/b> rather than to the Rules. So anything the Constitution treats as financial \u2014 Articles 112 to 117 \u2014 can be brought within Rule 221.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 221<\/b> itself: <i>\"IN ADDITION TO THE POWERS EXERCISABLE UNDER THESE RULES, the Speaker may exercise ALL SUCH POWERS AS ARE NECESSARY FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE TIMELY COMPLETION OF ALL FINANCIAL BUSINESS, INCLUDING ALLOTMENT OF TIME for the disposal of various kinds of such business, and where time is so allotted, the Speaker shall, AT THE APPOINTED HOUR, PUT EVERY QUESTION NECESSARY to dispose of all the outstanding matters.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Taken with the Explanation, Rule 221 is the widest single grant of power to the Chair in the book<\/b> \u2014 wider than Rule 215 (adaptations for supplementary grants), wider than Rule 218(1) (modifications for an Appropriation Bill), and comparable only to <b>Rule 23<\/b>, where the Speaker may <b>SUSPEND OR VARY THE RULES<\/b> when acting on a Presidential message under Article 86(2), and <b>Rule 388<\/b>, where the House itself suspends a rule.<br><br>\r\nThe reason is constitutional necessity: under <b>Article 266(3)<\/b> no money may be withdrawn from the Consolidated Fund except in accordance with law, so financial business simply cannot be allowed to fail for want of time.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 400, part: 6, partId: 30,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rules 208, 209, 214\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. No amendments to motions to reduce any demand for grant shall be permissible.<br>2. Amendments may be moved to a motion for vote on account for the reduction of the whole grant or for the reduction or omission of the items whereof the grant is composed.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 208(4):<\/b> <i>\"NO AMENDMENTS TO MOTIONS TO REDUCE ANY DEMAND FOR GRANT SHALL BE PERMISSIBLE.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 214(2):<\/b> <i>\"AMENDMENTS MAY BE MOVED for the reduction of the whole grant or for the reduction or omission of the items whereof the grant is composed.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The contrast is the point, and it is a fine one.<\/b> A <b>CUT MOTION<\/b> on a demand for grant admits <b>NO<\/b> amendment; a motion for a <b>VOTE ON ACCOUNT<\/b> admits amendments of two kinds \u2014 reduction of the <b>WHOLE<\/b> grant, or reduction or omission of an <b>ITEM<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The explanation lies in what each motion is.<\/b> A cut motion is already the member's own instrument of attack, tightly defined by <b>Rule 209<\/b> into one of three forms and confined by <b>Rule 210(iii)<\/b> to <b>one specific matter in precise terms<\/b> \u2014 there is nothing in it to amend, and a member who wants a different reduction simply gives notice of his own. A vote on account, by contrast, is a <b>GOVERNMENT<\/b> motion for a sum of money, and the House must have some means of altering it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note how closely the language of Rule 214(2) tracks Rule 209(b)<\/b> \u2014 \"reduction or omission of the items\" against the Economy Cut's \"omission or reduction of an item in the demand.\" The same surgical operation, performed by amendment in one case and by substantive motion in the other.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 401, part: 6, partId: 31,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rule 217\",\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, may a demand for the grant of a token sum be submitted to the vote of the House where funds to meet proposed expenditure on a new service can be made available by reappropriation?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rule 214\",\r\n      \"Rule 215\",\r\n      \"Rule 216\",\r\n      \"Rule 217\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Rule 217.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 217<\/b> (marginal note: <i>Token grants<\/i>): <i>\"When funds to meet proposed expenditure ON A NEW SERVICE CAN BE MADE AVAILABLE BY REAPPROPRIATION, A DEMAND FOR THE GRANT OF A TOKEN SUM MAY BE SUBMITTED TO THE VOTE OF THE HOUSE and, if the House assents to the demand, funds may be so made available.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The three distractors are the rules immediately before it, and each does something different:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 214<\/b> \u2014 <b>VOTE ON ACCOUNT<\/b>: the motion states the total sum, with the amounts for each Ministry, Department or item in a <b>SCHEDULE APPENDED<\/b>; amendments may be moved; discussion of a general character only; in other respects dealt with as a demand for grant.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 215<\/b> \u2014 <b>SUPPLEMENTARY, ADDITIONAL, EXCESS and EXCEPTIONAL grants and VOTES OF CREDIT<\/b>: same procedure as demands for grants, subject to such adaptations by modification, addition or omission as the Speaker deems necessary or expedient.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 216<\/b> \u2014 the <b>SCOPE OF DEBATE<\/b> on supplementary grants: confined to the items constituting them, with no discussion on the original grants or the policy underlying them save so far as necessary to explain or illustrate the items.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note again the pair that is easily confused:<\/b> a <b>TOKEN GRANT<\/b> under Rule 217 is a Government demand for a nominal sum to authorise a new service; a <b>TOKEN CUT<\/b> under Rule 209(c) is a member's motion to reduce a demand by <b>Rs. 100<\/b> to ventilate a grievance.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 402, part: 6, partId: 32,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 19: Financial Business\", rule: \"Rules 204\u2013221\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to financial business in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"There shall be no discussion of the Budget on the day on which it is presented to the House\",\r\n      \"During the general discussion on the Budget, no motion shall be moved nor shall the Budget be submitted to the vote of the House\",\r\n      \"A motion to reduce a demand for grant may relate to two or more demands where they concern the same Ministry\",\r\n      \"The Finance Minister shall have a general right of reply at the end of the general discussion on the Budget\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 210(i):<\/b> in order that notice of a motion for the reduction of the amount of a demand may be admissible, <i>\"IT SHALL RELATE TO ONE DEMAND ONLY.\"<\/i> There is no exception for demands concerning the same Ministry.<br><br>\r\nThe requirement works with <b>Rule 210(iii)<\/b> \u2014 the motion must be <i>\"confined to ONE SPECIFIC MATTER which shall be stated in PRECISE TERMS.\"<\/i> One demand, one matter. Together they are also the reason <b>Rule 211<\/b>, unlike Rules 43(1), 174 and 187, contains no power to disallow \"a part thereof\": a cut motion has no severable parts.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b> <b>Rule 205<\/b> (A \u2713); <b>Rule 207(1)<\/b> (B \u2713); <b>Rule 207(2)<\/b> (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>Note also how Rule 206(1) points the other way for the GOVERNMENT.<\/b> A separate demand is made <b>ORDINARILY<\/b> for each Ministry, but the Finance Minister <b>MAY<\/b> include grants for two or more Ministries or Departments in <b>ONE DEMAND<\/b>. So the Government may combine demands; a member attacking one may not combine his attack.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 403, part: 6, partId: 33,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20: Privileges\", rule: \"Rule 222\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 222 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a member may, with the consent of the Speaker, raise a question involving a breach of privilege of\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a member only\",\r\n      \"the House only\",\r\n      \"a member, or the House, or a Committee of the House\",\r\n      \"a member or the House, but not a Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) a member, or the House, or a Committee of the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 222:<\/b> <i>\"A member may, WITH THE CONSENT OF THE SPEAKER, raise a question involving a breach of privilege EITHER OF A MEMBER OR OF THE HOUSE OR OF A COMMITTEE THEREOF.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>All three limbs matter, and the third is the one most often forgotten.<\/b> A Committee's privileges are protected as much as the House's \u2014 which is why <b>Rule 275(2)<\/b> provides that no part of the evidence, report or proceedings of a Committee which has not been laid on the Table is open to inspection <i>\"except under the authority of the Speaker\"<\/i>, and <b>Rule 278<\/b> makes a completed part of a report shown to Government confidential until presentation.<br><br>\r\n<b>The constitutional source is Article 105<\/b>, which confers freedom of speech in Parliament, immunity from proceedings in any court in respect of anything said or any vote given, and such other powers, privileges and immunities as Parliament may by law define.<br><br>\r\n<b>The rest of the chapter follows in sequence:<\/b> <b>Rule 223<\/b> \u2014 notice in writing to the Secretary-General by <b>10.00 hours<\/b>, accompanied by the document if the question is based on one. <b>Rule 224<\/b> \u2014 three conditions of admissibility. <b>Rule 225<\/b> \u2014 the mode of raising it, and <b>twenty-five<\/b> members rising. <b>Rules 226 and 227<\/b> \u2014 reference to the Committee of Privileges, by the House or by the Speaker. <b>Rule 228<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker's directions.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 404, part: 6, partId: 34,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20: Privileges\", rule: \"Rule 223\",\r\n    question: \"Where a question of privilege proposed to be raised is based on a document,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the notice shall be accompanied by the document\",\r\n      \"the document shall be laid on the Table before the question is raised\",\r\n      \"the document shall be produced only if the Speaker so directs\",\r\n      \"the document shall be sent to the Committee of Privileges directly\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the notice shall be accompanied by the document.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 223:<\/b> <i>\"A member wishing to raise a question of privilege shall give NOTICE IN WRITING TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL BY 10.00 HOURS on the day the question is proposed to be raised. IF THE QUESTION RAISED IS BASED ON A DOCUMENT, THE NOTICE SHALL BE ACCOMPANIED BY THE DOCUMENT: Provided that notices received after 10.00 hours shall be deemed to have been received at 10.00 hours ON THE NEXT DAY ON WHICH THE HOUSE SITS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The requirement is unconditional<\/b> \u2014 no permission, no direction, no laying on the Table. The Chair must be able to see the material before deciding whether to give consent under Rule 222 and whether the matter is in order under Rule 225(1).<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast Rule 163<\/b>, which runs the other way for a <b>PETITION<\/b>: <i>\"LETTERS, AFFIDAVITS OR OTHER DOCUMENTS SHALL NOT BE ATTACHED TO ANY PETITION.\"<\/i> A privilege notice must carry its document; a petition must not.<br><br>\r\n<b>The 10.00-hour family, and which members carry the deeming proviso:<\/b> adjournment motions (Rule 57) \u2713 \u00b7 no-confidence motions (198(1)(b)) \u2713 \u00b7 questions of privilege (223) \u2713 \u00b7 notices opposing the introduction of a Bill (72(2)) \u2717 \u2014 no proviso at all \u00b7 Calling Attention (Explanation (ii) to 197) \u2014 a <b>different<\/b> formula, deeming the notice given for the <b>next sitting<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 405, part: 6, partId: 35,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20: Privileges\", rule: \"Rule 224(iii)\",\r\n    question: \"Among the conditions governing the right to raise a question of privilege, apart from the requirements that not more than one question shall be raised at the same sitting and that the question shall be restricted to a specific matter of recent occurrence, it is required that\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the matter requires the intervention of the House\",\r\n      \"the matter has been the subject of a recent question in the House\",\r\n      \"the notice is supported by the signatures of at least two other members\",\r\n      \"the matter is not one which can be raised on a substantive motion\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the matter requires the intervention of the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 224(iii):<\/b> the right to raise a question of privilege is governed by the condition that <i>\"THE MATTER REQUIRES THE INTERVENTION OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This third condition is the SUBSTANTIVE filter, and it is peculiar to privilege.<\/b> The first two are formal \u2014 one question a sitting, and a specific matter of recent occurrence. The third asks whether the House needs to act at all. Not every discourtesy, inaccuracy or affront is a breach that calls for the House's intervention.<br><br>\r\n<b>The distractors are all real requirements borrowed from OTHER devices:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 55(1)<\/b> \u2014 a Half-an-Hour Discussion must arise out of the answer to a question, starred, unstarred or short notice, <b>given on a recent day<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 193<\/b> \u2014 a short duration discussion notice must be <b>supported by the signatures of at least two other members<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 160(iii)(c)<\/b> \u2014 a petition shall not be one which <b>can be raised on a substantive motion or resolution<\/b>; and see also Rule 58(viii) for adjournment motions.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 224 has only THREE conditions<\/b>, which makes it the second-shortest admissibility rule in the book after Rule 200A. Compare Rule 41(2) with twenty-three, Rule 186 with eighteen, Rule 210 with thirteen, Rule 58 with eight and Rule 173 with five.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 406, part: 6, partId: 36,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20: Privileges\", rule: \"Rule 225(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Where the Speaker gives consent to a question of privilege being raised and holds that the matter proposed to be discussed is in order, the member concerned, when called, shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"move a substantive motion in the terms of the notice\",\r\n      \"rise in his own place and, while asking for leave to raise the question of privilege, make a short statement relevant thereto\",\r\n      \"read out the notice and the document on which it is based\",\r\n      \"confine himself to formally asking for leave, no statement being permitted\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 225(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker, IF GIVES CONSENT UNDER RULE 222 AND HOLDS THAT THE MATTER PROPOSED TO BE DISCUSSED IS IN ORDER, shall CALL THE MEMBER CONCERNED, WHO SHALL RISE IN ONE'S OWN PLACE AND, WHILE ASKING FOR LEAVE TO RAISE THE QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE, MAKE A SHORT STATEMENT RELEVANT THERETO.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Two conditions must both be satisfied before the member is called<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker's <b>CONSENT<\/b> under Rule 222, and his holding that the matter is <b>IN ORDER<\/b>. They are separate steps, and the rule keeps them separate.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that a SHORT STATEMENT is permitted at the leave stage<\/b>, which is why option (d) is wrong. Contrast <b>Rule 201(2)<\/b>, on a resolution for the removal of the Speaker: <i>\"in either case NO SPEECH SHALL BE PERMITTED AT THIS STAGE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The FIRST proviso deals with refusal, and is easily missed:<\/b> where the Speaker has <b>REFUSED<\/b> consent or is of opinion that the matter is <b>NOT IN ORDER<\/b>, he <i>\"IF THINKS NECESSARY, MAY READ THE NOTICE of question of privilege and STATE THAT THE CONSENT IS REFUSED or the notice \u2026 is not in order.\"<\/i> \u2014 so a refusal may be made public, at the Chair's discretion.<br><br>\r\n<b>The SECOND proviso relaxes the timing:<\/b> the Speaker may, <i>\"ON BEING SATISFIED ABOUT THE URGENCY OF THE MATTER, ALLOW A QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE TO BE RAISED AT ANY TIME DURING THE COURSE OF A SITTING AFTER THE DISPOSAL OF QUESTIONS.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 407, part: 6, partId: 37,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20: Privileges\", rule: \"First proviso to Rule 225(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Where the Speaker has refused to give consent to a question of privilege being raised, or is of opinion that the matter proposed to be discussed is not in order, the Speaker\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall record the reasons in writing and communicate them to the member\",\r\n      \"if he thinks it necessary, may read the notice of the question of privilege and state that the consent is refused or that the notice is not in order\",\r\n      \"shall refer the notice to the Committee of Privileges\",\r\n      \"shall direct that the notice be published in the Bulletin\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>First proviso to Rule 225(1):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that where the Speaker HAS REFUSED TO GIVE CONSENT UNDER RULE 222 OR IS OF OPINION THAT THE MATTER PROPOSED TO BE DISCUSSED IS NOT IN ORDER, the Speaker, IF THINKS NECESSARY, MAY READ THE NOTICE OF QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE AND STATE THAT THE CONSENT IS REFUSED OR THE NOTICE OF QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE IS NOT IN ORDER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note that everything in the proviso is DISCRETIONARY<\/b> \u2014 \"if thinks necessary, MAY\". The Speaker is not obliged to say anything at all; but he may put the notice and his refusal on the record of the House, so that the member is seen to have raised the matter and the Chair to have ruled on it.<br><br>\r\n<b>What the proviso does NOT require is a statement of reasons.<\/b> Option (a) imports a duty the rule does not impose. Throughout the book the Speaker's decisions on admissibility are given without reasons \u2014 <b>Rule 43(1)<\/b> (questions), <b>Rule 174<\/b> (resolutions), <b>Rule 187<\/b> (motions), <b>Rule 211<\/b> (cut motions), <b>Rule 65(4)<\/b> (private members' Bills).<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (c) states the Speaker's power under a different rule \u2014 Rule 227:<\/b> <i>\"NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING CONTAINED IN THESE RULES, the Speaker MAY REFER ANY QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE TO THE COMMITTEE OF PRIVILEGES for examination, investigation or report.\"<\/i> That is a power to refer, exercisable at his own hand and independently of anything the House does \u2014 not a consequence of refusal.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 408, part: 6, partId: 38,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20: Privileges\", rule: \"Second proviso to Rule 225(1)\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker may, on being satisfied about the urgency of the matter, allow a question of privilege to be raised\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"at the commencement of the sitting\",\r\n      \"at any time during the course of a sitting after the disposal of questions\",\r\n      \"immediately after the Question Hour on the following day\",\r\n      \"at any time, notwithstanding that the House is engaged in other business\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) at any time during the course of a sitting after the disposal of questions.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 225(1):<\/b> <i>\"Provided further that the Speaker may, ON BEING SATISFIED ABOUT THE URGENCY OF THE MATTER, ALLOW A QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE TO BE RAISED AT ANY TIME DURING THE COURSE OF A SITTING AFTER THE DISPOSAL OF QUESTIONS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The limit is the words \"AFTER THE DISPOSAL OF QUESTIONS.\"<\/b> However urgent the matter, it cannot displace the Question Hour \u2014 which under <b>Rule 32<\/b> is the first hour of every sitting, subject to the Speaker directing otherwise. Option (d) removes that limit and is therefore wrong.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Question Hour's protection is a recurring feature of the Rules:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 61<\/b> \u2014 an adjournment motion, though the most urgent device in the book, is taken up at <b>16.00 hours<\/b>, or earlier only if the Speaker so directs after considering the state of business.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 32<\/b> \u2014 the first hour is available for questions unless the Speaker otherwise directs.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 39(3)<\/b> \u2014 where the Question Hour is interrupted, questions still on the list are deemed laid on the Table, in one case \"after 12 O'clock\".<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 225(2)<\/b> then gives the leave procedure: if objection is taken, those in favour rise, and <b>NOT LESS THAN TWENTY-FIVE<\/b> members must do so.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 409, part: 6, partId: 39,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20: Privileges\", rule: \"Rule 225(2)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"If objection to leave being granted for raising a question of privilege is taken, the Speaker shall request those members who are in favour of leave being granted to rise in their places, and shall declare that leave is granted if the number of members rising accordingly is not less than :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"ten\",\r\n      \"one hundred\",\r\n      \"fifty\",\r\n      \"twenty-five\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) twenty-five.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 225(2):<\/b> <i>\"If objection to leave being granted is taken, the Speaker shall request those members who are in favour of leave being granted TO RISE IN THEIR PLACES, and IF NOT LESS THAN TWENTY-FIVE MEMBERS RISE accordingly, the Speaker shall declare that leave is granted. IF LESS THAN TWENTY-FIVE MEMBERS RISE, the Speaker shall inform the member that such member HAS NOT THE LEAVE OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>TWENTY-FIVE \u2014 and this is the only such threshold in the book that is not fifty.<\/b> Fix the contrast:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 60(2)<\/b> \u2014 adjournment motion: <b>FIFTY<\/b>, and only if objection is taken.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(2)<\/b> \u2014 no-confidence motion: <b>FIFTY<\/b>, asked as a matter of course.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 201(3)<\/b> \u2014 removal of the Speaker or Deputy Speaker: <b>FIFTY<\/b>, as a matter of course.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 225(2)<\/b> \u2014 question of privilege: <b>TWENTY-FIVE<\/b>, and only if objection is taken.<br><br>\r\nThe lower figure fits the nature of the device: a privilege question is not an attack on the Government but a complaint about a breach, and it should not need the same weight of support as a motion of censure.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that Rule 225(2) shares with Rule 60(2) the condition \"IF OBJECTION \u2026 IS TAKEN\"<\/b> \u2014 the counting happens only on objection. Under Rules 198(2) and 201(3) the Speaker asks members to rise in every case.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 410, part: 6, partId: 40,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20: Privileges\", rule: \"Rule 226\",\r\n    question: \"Where leave to raise a question of privilege is granted, the House may consider the question and come to a decision, or refer it to the Committee of Privileges on a motion made by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the member who has raised the question of privilege only\",\r\n      \"the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Leader of the House only\",\r\n      \"either the member who has raised the question of privilege or any other member\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) either the member who has raised the question of privilege or any other member.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 226:<\/b> <i>\"If leave under rule 225 is granted, THE HOUSE MAY CONSIDER THE QUESTION AND COME TO A DECISION OR REFER IT TO A COMMITTEE OF PRIVILEGES ON A MOTION MADE EITHER BY THE MEMBER WHO HAS RAISED THE QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE OR BY ANY OTHER MEMBER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Two courses are open to the House<\/b> \u2014 decide the matter itself, or send it to the Committee \u2014 and the motion for reference may come from <b>ANY MEMBER<\/b>, not merely the complainant.<br><br>\r\n<b>But Rule 227 supplies a THIRD route that bypasses the House altogether:<\/b> <i>\"NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING CONTAINED IN THESE RULES, THE SPEAKER MAY REFER ANY QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE TO THE COMMITTEE OF PRIVILEGES FOR EXAMINATION, INVESTIGATION OR REPORT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The three routes to the Committee of Privileges, therefore:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>1.<\/b> The House refers it, on a motion under Rule 226 \u2014 after leave has been granted.<br>\r\n<b>2.<\/b> The <b>SPEAKER<\/b> refers it under Rule 227 \u2014 <b>notwithstanding anything in the rules<\/b>, so no leave, no motion and no consent under Rule 222 is needed.<br>\r\n<b>3.<\/b> The House considers and decides it itself, without any reference at all.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 228<\/b> then covers the conduct of the proceeding wherever it goes: <i>\"The Speaker may issue such directions as may be necessary for regulating the procedure in connection with all matters connected with the consideration of the question of privilege EITHER IN THE COMMITTEE OF PRIVILEGES OR IN THE HOUSE.\"<\/i> That was the subject of Q40 of the 2025 paper.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 411, part: 6, partId: 41,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20: Privileges\", rule: \"Rule 227\",\r\n    question: \"Notwithstanding anything contained in the rules, any question of privilege may be referred to the Committee of Privileges for examination, investigation or report by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the House on a motion made by any member\",\r\n      \"the Chairperson of the Committee of Privileges\",\r\n      \"the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"the Speaker\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 227:<\/b> <i>\"NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING CONTAINED IN THESE RULES, THE SPEAKER MAY REFER ANY QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE TO THE COMMITTEE OF PRIVILEGES FOR EXAMINATION, INVESTIGATION OR REPORT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The opening words are the operative ones.<\/b> \"Notwithstanding anything contained in these rules\" frees the Speaker from every prior step \u2014 the consent under Rule 222, the notice by 10.00 hours under Rule 223, the conditions in Rule 224, the leave of twenty-five members under Rule 225(2), and the motion under Rule 226. He may refer a question of privilege that no member has raised at all.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the three purposes named:<\/b> <b>EXAMINATION, INVESTIGATION OR REPORT<\/b> \u2014 the same triad used in <b>Rule 233B<\/b> for a question of unethical conduct referred to the Committee on Ethics, and in <b>Rule 233A(2)<\/b> for an ethics complaint referred to its Chairperson.<br><br>\r\n<b>The \"notwithstanding\" device appears sparingly in the Rules, and always to free the Chair from procedural constraint:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 88<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may submit a Bill or any part of it clause by clause.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 227<\/b> \u2014 reference of a question of privilege.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 233B<\/b> \u2014 reference of a question of unethical conduct.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 389<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker's residuary power to regulate procedure not otherwise provided for.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 412, part: 6, partId: 42,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20: Privileges\", rule: \"Rule 229\",\r\n    question: \"Where a member is arrested on a criminal charge, or is sentenced to imprisonment by a court, or is detained under an executive order, the committing judge, magistrate or executive authority shall immediately intimate the fact to the Speaker, indicating\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the reasons for the arrest, detention or conviction, and the place of detention or imprisonment of the member\",\r\n      \"the reasons for the arrest, detention or conviction only\",\r\n      \"the place of detention or imprisonment of the member only\",\r\n      \"the date on which the member is likely to be released\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 229:<\/b> <i>\"When a member is ARRESTED ON A CRIMINAL CHARGE OR FOR A CRIMINAL OFFENCE OR IS SENTENCED TO IMPRISONMENT BY A COURT OR IS DETAINED UNDER AN EXECUTIVE ORDER, the committing JUDGE, MAGISTRATE OR EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY, as the case may be, shall IMMEDIATELY INTIMATE SUCH FACT TO THE SPEAKER INDICATING THE REASONS FOR THE ARREST, DETENTION OR CONVICTION, AS THE CASE MAY BE, AS ALSO THE PLACE OF DETENTION OR IMPRISONMENT OF THE MEMBER in the appropriate form set out in the THIRD SCHEDULE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>TWO particulars are required, not one<\/b> \u2014 the <b>REASONS<\/b> and the <b>PLACE<\/b> \u2014 and the intimation is in the form set out in the <b>THIRD SCHEDULE<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that the duty is cast on the JUDICIAL OR EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY, not on the member.<\/b> The House is entitled to know where its members are and why they are absent, and the obligation to tell it falls on whoever has taken them.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 230<\/b> covers the other end: <i>\"When a member is arrested and after conviction RELEASED ON BAIL PENDING AN APPEAL OR OTHERWISE RELEASED, such fact shall also be intimated to the Speaker by the authority concerned\"<\/i> \u2014 again in the Third Schedule form.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 231<\/b> then tells the Speaker what to do with the communication: read it out in the House if in session, or, if not, direct that it be published in the <b>BULLETIN<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 413, part: 6, partId: 43,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20: Privileges\", rule: \"Rule 231\",\r\n    question: \"On receiving a communication regarding the arrest, detention, conviction or release of a member, the Speaker shall, as soon as may be,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"refer it to the Committee of Privileges\",\r\n      \"forward it to the Election Commission\",\r\n      \"cause it to be published in the Gazette\",\r\n      \"read it out in the House if in session, or, if the House is not in session, direct that it may be published in the Bulletin for the information of the members\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 231:<\/b> <i>\"AS SOON AS MAY BE, THE SPEAKER SHALL, AFTER RECEIVING A COMMUNICATION REFERRED TO IN RULE 229 OR RULE 230, READ IT OUT IN THE HOUSE IF IN SESSION, OR IF THE HOUSE IS NOT IN SESSION, DIRECT THAT IT MAY BE PUBLISHED IN THE BULLETIN for the information of the members.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso contains a practical concession that is easily missed:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that IF THE INTIMATION OF THE RELEASE OF A MEMBER either on bail or by discharge on appeal IS RECEIVED BEFORE THE HOUSE HAS BEEN INFORMED OF THE ORIGINAL ARREST, the fact of her or his arrest, or her or his subsequent release or discharge MAY NOT BE INTIMATED TO THE HOUSE BY THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo where arrest and release both occur during a recess and the release is known before the House meets, <b>NEITHER need be reported at all<\/b> \u2014 the House is spared a matter that has resolved itself, and the member is spared the announcement.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that it is the SPEAKER who reads the communication<\/b>, as he reads the President's message under Rules 23 and 129(1) \u2014 not the Secretary-General, who reports the Council's messages under Rules 97, 103 and 138.<br><br>\r\n<b>The \"in session \/ not in session\" pairing runs through the Rules:<\/b> Rules 97, 103, 138 (Council messages), 129(1) (President's message), 231 (arrest and release) and the Explanation to 240(2) (resignation).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 414, part: 6, partId: 44,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20: Privileges\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 231\",\r\n    question: \"Where the intimation of the release of a member, either on bail or by discharge on appeal, is received before the House has been informed of the original arrest,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"both the arrest and the release shall be intimated to the House together\",\r\n      \"the fact of the arrest, or the subsequent release or discharge, may not be intimated to the House by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"only the release shall be intimated to the House\",\r\n      \"the matter shall stand referred to the Committee of Privileges\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 231:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that if the intimation of the release of a member either on bail or by discharge on appeal is received BEFORE THE HOUSE HAS BEEN INFORMED OF THE ORIGINAL ARREST, THE FACT OF HER OR HIS ARREST, OR HER OR HIS SUBSEQUENT RELEASE OR DISCHARGE MAY NOT BE INTIMATED TO THE HOUSE BY THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso dispenses with BOTH intimations, not one<\/b> \u2014 which is why options (a) and (c) are wrong. If the whole episode is over before the House learns of it, nothing need be said.<br><br>\r\nThe reason is a practical one. The purpose of Rules 229 to 231 is to tell the House <b>WHY A MEMBER IS ABSENT AND WHERE HE IS<\/b>. Once he is back and free, that purpose has spent itself, and a formal announcement would serve only to publicise an arrest that came to nothing.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the permissive \"MAY NOT BE INTIMATED\"<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker retains a discretion to report it if he thinks fit. The proviso removes an obligation; it does not impose a prohibition.<br><br>\r\n<b>The rest of the chapter protects the precincts:<\/b> <b>Rule 232<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"NO ARREST SHALL BE MADE WITHIN THE PRECINCTS OF THE HOUSE WITHOUT OBTAINING THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i> <b>Rule 233<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"A LEGAL PROCESS, CIVIL OR CRIMINAL, SHALL NOT BE SERVED WITHIN THE PRECINCTS OF THE HOUSE WITHOUT OBTAINING THE PERMISSION OF SPEAKER.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 415, part: 6, partId: 45,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20: Privileges\", rule: \"Rules 232 and 233\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the precincts of the House:<br>1. No arrest shall be made within the precincts of the House without obtaining the permission of the Speaker.<br>2. A legal process, civil or criminal, shall not be served within the precincts of the House without obtaining the permission of the Speaker.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 232:<\/b> <i>\"NO ARREST SHALL BE MADE WITHIN THE PRECINCTS OF THE HOUSE WITHOUT OBTAINING THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 233:<\/b> <i>\"A LEGAL PROCESS, CIVIL OR CRIMINAL, SHALL NOT BE SERVED WITHIN THE PRECINCTS OF THE HOUSE WITHOUT OBTAINING THE PERMISSION OF SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note two things about the pair.<\/b> First, both protect the <b>PRECINCTS<\/b>, not the person \u2014 the privilege belongs to the House as a place, and it protects <b>ANY PERSON<\/b> within it, not only a member. Second, <b>Rule 233 covers CIVIL as well as CRIMINAL process<\/b>, which is wider than the arrest rule.<br><br>\r\n<b>The protection is territorial and procedural, not substantive.<\/b> Neither rule confers immunity from arrest or from suit; each requires only that the Speaker's permission be obtained before the step is taken <b>INSIDE<\/b> the precincts. Outside them, Rules 229 to 231 simply require that the Speaker be told.<br><br>\r\n<b>The word \"precincts\" is not defined in Rule 2(1)<\/b>, but \"Lobby\" is \u2014 <i>\"the covered area immediately adjoining the Chamber and coterminous with it\"<\/i> \u2014 and <b>Rule 248(2)<\/b>, on secret sittings, uses the triad <b>\"Chamber, Lobby or Galleries\"<\/b>, which indicates the area the Rules have in view.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 416, part: 6, partId: 46,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20: Privileges\", rule: \"Rule 228\",\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, may the Speaker issue such directions as may be necessary for regulating the procedure in connection with all matters connected with the consideration of a question of privilege, either in the Committee of Privileges or in the House?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rule 225\",\r\n      \"Rule 226\",\r\n      \"Rule 227\",\r\n      \"Rule 228\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Rule 228.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 228:<\/b> <i>\"THE SPEAKER MAY ISSUE SUCH DIRECTIONS AS MAY BE NECESSARY FOR REGULATING THE PROCEDURE IN CONNECTION WITH ALL MATTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CONSIDERATION OF THE QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE EITHER IN THE COMMITTEE OF PRIVILEGES OR IN THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote that the power runs to proceedings in <b>BOTH<\/b> forums \u2014 the Committee and the House \u2014 so the Speaker regulates the procedure even where the matter has passed out of the Chamber.<br><br>\r\n<b>The three distractors are the rules immediately before it:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 225<\/b> \u2014 the <b>MODE<\/b> of raising a question of privilege: the member rises in his place and makes a short statement while asking for leave; the two provisos on refusal and on urgency; and <b>twenty-five<\/b> members rising if objection is taken.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 226<\/b> \u2014 after leave, the <b>HOUSE<\/b> may consider and decide the question, or refer it to the Committee of Privileges on a motion by the complainant <b>or any other member<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 227<\/b> \u2014 notwithstanding anything in the rules, the <b>SPEAKER<\/b> may refer any question of privilege to the Committee for examination, investigation or report.<br><br>\r\n<b>This provision was set as Q40 of the 2025 paper<\/b>, in exactly this format \u2014 four adjacent rule numbers as the options.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 417, part: 6, partId: 47,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20: Privileges\", rule: \"Rules 222\u2013228\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to questions of privilege?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A member may, with the consent of the Speaker, raise a question involving a breach of privilege of a Committee of the House\",\r\n      \"Not more than one question of privilege shall be raised at the same sitting\",\r\n      \"A question of privilege may be referred to the Committee of Privileges only on a motion made in the House\",\r\n      \"Where the question raised is based on a document, the notice shall be accompanied by the document\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 227<\/b> provides a second and independent route: <i>\"NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING CONTAINED IN THESE RULES, the SPEAKER MAY REFER ANY QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE TO THE COMMITTEE OF PRIVILEGES for examination, investigation or report.\"<\/i> No motion is required, and no leave.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b> <b>Rule 222<\/b> (A \u2713); <b>Rule 224(i)<\/b> (B \u2713); <b>Rule 223<\/b> (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>The word \"ONLY\" is what makes option (c) false<\/b>, and this is a construction the Commission uses often: a true proposition is made false by the addition of an exclusive word. Under <b>Rule 226<\/b> the House <b>MAY<\/b> refer the question on a motion \u2014 that much is right; it is the \"only\" that fails.<br><br>\r\n<b>Set out fully, the routes to the Committee of Privileges are:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>1.<\/b> Consent (222) \u2192 notice by 10.00 hours (223) \u2192 conditions satisfied (224) \u2192 short statement and leave of <b>twenty-five<\/b> members if objected to (225) \u2192 motion for reference by the complainant <b>or any other member<\/b> (226).<br>\r\n<b>2.<\/b> The <b>SPEAKER's<\/b> reference under <b>Rule 227<\/b>, bypassing every one of those steps.<br><br>\r\nAnd by <b>Rule 228<\/b>, the Speaker regulates the procedure in either forum.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 418, part: 6, partId: 48,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20: Privileges\", rule: \"Rules 60(2), 198(2), 201(3) and 225(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the number of members required to rise in their places for leave to be granted:<br>1. For a motion for the adjournment of the business of the House, not less than fifty members.<br>2. For a motion of no-confidence in the Council of Ministers, not less than fifty members.<br>3. For raising a question of privilege, not less than fifty members.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3 is INCORRECT. Rule 225(2):<\/b> <i>\"if NOT LESS THAN TWENTY-FIVE MEMBERS rise accordingly, the Speaker shall declare that leave is granted. If less than twenty-five members rise, the Speaker shall inform the member that such member has not the leave of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>TWENTY-FIVE, not fifty \u2014 and this is the only place in the book where the figure is not fifty.<\/b> The complete set:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 60(2)<\/b> \u2014 adjournment motion: <b>FIFTY<\/b>, counted only <b>IF OBJECTION IS TAKEN<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(2)<\/b> \u2014 no-confidence motion: <b>FIFTY<\/b>, asked as a matter of course.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 201(3)<\/b> \u2014 removal of the Speaker or Deputy Speaker: <b>FIFTY<\/b>, as a matter of course.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 225(2)<\/b> \u2014 question of privilege: <b>TWENTY-FIVE<\/b>, counted only <b>IF OBJECTION IS TAKEN<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Two variables distinguish the four, and both are examinable:<\/b> the <b>NUMBER<\/b> (fifty in three, twenty-five in one) and <b>WHETHER THE COUNT IS AUTOMATIC<\/b> (yes for the two motions that go to confidence; only on objection for the adjournment motion and the privilege question).<br><br>\r\nThe lower threshold for privilege reflects its character: it is a complaint of a breach, not a challenge to the Government's right to hold office, and all four rules end with the same words \u2014 <i>\"has not the leave of the House.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 419, part: 6, partId: 49,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20: Privileges\", rule: \"Rules 223 and 163\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. Where a question of privilege is based on a document, the notice shall be accompanied by the document.<br>2. Letters, affidavits or other documents shall not be attached to any petition presented to the House.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 223:<\/b> <i>\"IF THE QUESTION RAISED IS BASED ON A DOCUMENT, THE NOTICE SHALL BE ACCOMPANIED BY THE DOCUMENT.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 163:<\/b> <i>\"LETTERS, AFFIDAVITS OR OTHER DOCUMENTS SHALL NOT BE ATTACHED TO ANY PETITION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two rules point in opposite directions, and the difference follows from what each instrument is for.<\/b><br><br>\r\nA <b>QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE<\/b> is an accusation. The Speaker must decide whether to give consent under Rule 222 and whether the matter is in order under Rule 225(1), and he cannot do either without seeing the material the accusation rests on. So the document is <b>COMPULSORY<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nA <b>PETITION<\/b> is a prayer. Under <b>Rule 165<\/b> it must be addressed to the House and <i>\"conclude with a prayer RECITING THE DEFINITE OBJECT of the petitioner\"<\/i>, and under <b>Rule 168<\/b> the member presenting it says one sentence and sits down. It is meant to be self-contained and readable on its face, so documents are <b>PROHIBITED<\/b> \u2014 absolutely, with no proviso.<br><br>\r\n<b>Any supporting material for a petition goes to the COMMITTEE ON PETITIONS instead<\/b>, to which every petition stands referred under <b>Rule 169<\/b>, and which has power under <b>Rules 269 and 270<\/b> to send for persons, papers and records.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 420, part: 6, partId: 50,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20A: Procedure for Ethics Complaints\", rule: \"Rule 233A(1)\",\r\n    question: \"A complaint relating to unethical conduct of a member of the Lok Sabha may be made by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a member only\",\r\n      \"any person, but only through the Committee on Ethics\",\r\n      \"any person only, and not by a member\",\r\n      \"any person or a member, provided that a complaint made by a person shall be forwarded by a member\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 233A(1):<\/b> <i>\"ANY PERSON OR MEMBER MAY MAKE A COMPLAINT RELATING TO UNETHICAL CONDUCT OF A MEMBER OF LOK SABHA: Provided that IF A COMPLAINT IS MADE BY ANY PERSON, IT SHALL BE FORWARDED BY A MEMBER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Chapter XXA was ADDED by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 13.8.2015<\/b> and sits between Chapters XX and XXI. It is easily missed when working from an older edition of the Rules, and it has never been examined \u2014 which makes it worth close attention.<br><br>\r\n<b>The scheme opens the door to the public but keeps a member in the chain.<\/b> Anyone may complain; but a complaint from outside must be <b>FORWARDED BY A MEMBER<\/b>, and by <b>Rule 233A(7)<\/b> <i>\"Every complaint made by any person shall be COUNTERSIGNED BY THE MEMBER FORWARDING the complaint to the Speaker.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the petition machinery in Chapter XII<\/b>, which works the same way: a petition comes from outside the House but must be <b>COUNTERSIGNED<\/b> by the member presenting it (Rule 164(1)) \u2014 and that member may not be the petitioner himself (Rule 164(2)).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 233A(2):<\/b> the complaint is made <b>IN WRITING AND ADDRESSED TO THE SPEAKER<\/b>, who may refer it to the <b>CHAIRPERSON, COMMITTEE ON ETHICS<\/b>, for examination, investigation and report.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 421, part: 6, partId: 51,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20A: Procedure for Ethics Complaints\", rule: \"Rule 233A(2)\",\r\n    question: \"A complaint relating to unethical conduct of a member shall be made in writing and addressed to the Speaker, who may refer it for examination, investigation and report to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Committee of Privileges\",\r\n      \"the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"the Committee on Petitions\",\r\n      \"the Chairperson, Committee on Ethics\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) the Chairperson, Committee on Ethics.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 233A(2):<\/b> <i>\"A complaint shall be made IN WRITING AND ADDRESSED TO THE SPEAKER, WHO MAY REFER IT TO THE CHAIRPERSON, COMMITTEE ON ETHICS, FOR EXAMINATION, INVESTIGATION AND REPORT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the precision \u2014 the reference is to the CHAIRPERSON of the Committee, not to the Committee itself.<\/b> That is unusual. Compare <b>Rule 227<\/b>, under which the Speaker refers a question of privilege <i>\"TO THE COMMITTEE OF PRIVILEGES\"<\/i>, and <b>Rule 233B<\/b>, under which he may refer a question of unethical conduct <i>\"TO THE COMMITTEE ON ETHICS.\"<\/i> Rule 233A(2) alone routes the matter through the Chairperson.<br><br>\r\n<b>The triad \"examination, investigation and report\" recurs across the Rules<\/b> \u2014 Rule 227 (Committee of Privileges), Rule 233A(2) and Rule 233B (Committee on Ethics), and Rule 316B, which gives the Committee on Ethics the function of examining every complaint relating to unethical conduct <i>\"referred to it by the Speaker.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The report of the Committee on Ethics goes to the SPEAKER, not the House<\/b> \u2014 <b>Rule 316D(2)<\/b> \u2014 which is an exception to the general rule in <b>Rule 279(1)<\/b> that a Committee's report is presented to the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 422, part: 6, partId: 52,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20A: Procedure for Ethics Complaints\", rule: \"Rule 233A(4)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 233A(4) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, it is incumbent upon a person making a complaint of unethical conduct against a member to ensure that the complaint is not false, frivolous or vexatious and is made in good faith, and an affidavit to this effect shall accompany the complaint. Where the complaint is made by a member,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"an affidavit shall likewise be required\",\r\n      \"an undertaking countersigned by two other members shall be required instead\",\r\n      \"an affidavit shall be required only if the Speaker so directs\",\r\n      \"an affidavit shall not be required\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) an affidavit shall not be required.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 233A(4):<\/b> <i>\"It shall be incumbent upon any person who has made the complaint to ensure that the complaint is NOT FALSE, FRIVOLOUS OR VEXATIOUS AND IS MADE IN GOOD FAITH. AN AFFIDAVIT TO THIS EFFECT SHALL ACCOMPANY THE COMPLAINT. In case the complaint is made by a member, it shall be incumbent upon such member to ensure that the complaint is not false, frivolous or vexatious and is made in good faith. AN AFFIDAVIT SHALL NOT BE REQUIRED IN CASE THE COMPLAINT IS MADE BY A MEMBER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The DUTY is identical for both; only the PROOF differs.<\/b> A member is under exactly the same obligation of good faith, but is taken at his word \u2014 his position in the House is itself the guarantee, and he answers for a false complaint through the Committee on Ethics.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 233A(3)<\/b> supplies the other requirement for an outside complainant: <i>\"The complainant MUST DECLARE THE IDENTITY AND SUBMIT SUPPORTING EVIDENCE, DOCUMENTARY OR OTHERWISE, to substantiate the allegations.\"<\/i> Anonymous complaints are therefore excluded at the outset \u2014 though by <b>Rule 233A(8)<\/b> <i>\"the IDENTITY OF THE COMPLAINANT WOULD BE KEPT SECRET, IF A REQUEST TO THAT EFFECT IS MADE by the complainant.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nDeclared to the House, but protected from the world: the two sub-rules work together.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 423, part: 6, partId: 53,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20A: Procedure for Ethics Complaints\", rule: \"Rule 233A(3) and (8)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding a complaint of unethical conduct against a member:<br>1. The complainant must declare the identity and submit supporting evidence, documentary or otherwise, to substantiate the allegations.<br>2. The identity of the complainant would be kept secret if a request to that effect is made by the complainant.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 233A(3):<\/b> <i>\"THE COMPLAINANT MUST DECLARE THE IDENTITY AND SUBMIT SUPPORTING EVIDENCE, DOCUMENTARY OR OTHERWISE TO SUBSTANTIATE THE ALLEGATIONS.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 233A(8):<\/b> <i>\"THE IDENTITY OF THE COMPLAINANT WOULD BE KEPT SECRET, IF A REQUEST TO THAT EFFECT IS MADE BY THE COMPLAINANT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two are not in conflict \u2014 they operate at different levels.<\/b> Sub-rule (3) requires the identity to be <b>DISCLOSED TO THE AUTHORITY<\/b>: there are no anonymous complaints, and someone must be answerable for a false or vexatious one under sub-rule (4). Sub-rule (8) then protects that identity from <b>PUBLICATION<\/b>, on request.<br><br>\r\nThe combination is deliberate. Without (3) the machinery could be used for anonymous character assassination; without (8) no member of the public would risk complaining against a sitting member.<br><br>\r\n<b>Two further filters complete the scheme:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 233A(9)<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"A complaint based merely on UNSUBSTANTIATED MEDIA REPORTS SHALL NOT BE ENTERTAINED.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 233A(10)<\/b> \u2014 the Committee <i>\"SHALL NOT TAKE UP ANY MATTER WHICH IS SUB-JUDICE, and the DECISION OF THE COMMITTEE as to whether such matter is or is not sub-judice shall for the purposes of these rules be TREATED AS FINAL.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 424, part: 6, partId: 54,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20A: Procedure for Ethics Complaints\", rule: \"Rule 233A(10)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 233A(10) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the Committee on Ethics shall not take up any matter which is sub-judice, and the decision of the Committee as to whether such matter is or is not sub-judice shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"be subject to the approval of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"be referred to the Committee of Privileges\",\r\n      \"be reported to the House for its decision\",\r\n      \"for the purposes of the rules, be treated as final\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) for the purposes of the rules, be treated as final.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 233A(10):<\/b> <i>\"The Committee on Ethics SHALL NOT TAKE UP ANY MATTER WHICH IS SUB-JUDICE and THE DECISION OF THE COMMITTEE AS TO WHETHER SUCH MATTER IS OR IS NOT SUB-JUDICE SHALL FOR THE PURPOSES OF THESE RULES BE TREATED AS FINAL.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This is remarkable in two ways.<\/b> First, the sub-judice bar here is <b>ABSOLUTE<\/b> \u2014 \"shall not take up\" \u2014 with no \"ordinarily\", no proviso, and no carve-out for procedure or stage of enquiry. Contrast Rules 41(2)(xxiii), 59, 175, 188 and 210(xii), every one of which is qualified.<br><br>\r\nSecond, and more unusually, <b>the finality is given to the COMMITTEE, not to the Speaker<\/b>. Almost every other question of admissibility in the Rules is settled by the Chair \u2014 Rules 43(1), 65(4), 174, 187, 211, 222. Here the Committee decides for itself whether a matter is sub-judice, and its decision is final for the purposes of the rules.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the two other places where a decision is declared FINAL:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 255<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker's decision on an objection to a member's inclusion in a Committee on the ground of personal, pecuniary or direct interest.<br>\r\n<b>Article 110(3)<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker's decision whether a Bill is a Money Bill.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 233B<\/b> then preserves the Speaker's own power: <i>\"NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING CONTAINED IN THESE RULES, the Speaker may refer ANY QUESTION INVOLVING UNETHICAL CONDUCT of a member in Lok Sabha to the Committee on Ethics for examination, investigation and report.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 425, part: 6, partId: 55,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20A: Procedure for Ethics Complaints\", rule: \"Rule 233A(9)\",\r\n    question: \"A complaint of unethical conduct against a member which is based merely on unsubstantiated media reports\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall not be entertained\",\r\n      \"shall be entertained if forwarded by a member\",\r\n      \"shall be referred to the Speaker for a decision\",\r\n      \"shall be entertained if accompanied by an affidavit\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) shall not be entertained.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 233A(9):<\/b> <i>\"A COMPLAINT BASED MERELY ON UNSUBSTANTIATED MEDIA REPORTS SHALL NOT BE ENTERTAINED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The word \"MERELY\" carries the weight.<\/b> A media report is not excluded as a starting point; what is excluded is a complaint that rests on <b>NOTHING ELSE<\/b>. Read with <b>Rule 233A(3)<\/b>, which requires the complainant to <i>\"submit SUPPORTING EVIDENCE, DOCUMENTARY OR OTHERWISE, to substantiate the allegations\"<\/i>, the position is that a press report must be backed by material.<br><br>\r\nNone of the cures in options (b), (c) and (d) is available: forwarding by a member (Rule 233A(1) proviso) and an affidavit (Rule 233A(4)) go to the <b>ROUTE<\/b> and the <b>GOOD FAITH<\/b> of the complaint, not to its <b>EVIDENTIARY BASIS<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Rules treat press material with the same reserve elsewhere:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 41(2)(xi)<\/b> \u2014 a question shall not ask for information on matters of past history.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 353<\/b> \u2014 a member making an allegation against a person must give advance notice to the Speaker and to the Minister, so that the facts may be verified.<br><br>\r\n<b>The remaining formal requirements of Rule 233A:<\/b> the complaint is in <b>WRITING<\/b> to the Speaker (2); in <b>RESPECTFUL AND TEMPERATE LANGUAGE<\/b> (5); in <b>HINDI OR ENGLISH<\/b>, with a translation signed by the complainant if in any other Indian language (6); and <b>COUNTERSIGNED<\/b> by the forwarding member where it comes from a person (7).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 426, part: 6, partId: 56,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20A: Procedure for Ethics Complaints\", rule: \"Rule 233A(5) and (6)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding a complaint relating to unethical conduct of a member:<br>1. Every complaint shall be couched in respectful and temperate language.<br>2. Every complaint shall be either in Hindi or English.<br>3. A complaint in any other Indian language shall be accompanied by a translation either in Hindi or English, signed by the complainant.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 233A(5):<\/b> <i>\"Every complaint shall be COUCHED IN RESPECTFUL AND TEMPERATE LANGUAGE.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 233A(6):<\/b> <i>\"Every complaint shall be EITHER IN HINDI OR ENGLISH. If any complaint in any other Indian language is made, it shall be ACCOMPANIED BY A TRANSLATION either in Hindi or English AND SIGNED BY THE COMPLAINANT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Both sub-rules are lifted almost word for word from the petitions chapter<\/b>, and the parallel is worth seeing:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 161(2)<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"Every petition shall be couched in RESPECTFUL, DECOROUS AND TEMPERATE LANGUAGE.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 161(3)<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"Every petition shall be either in Hindi or in English. If any petition in any other Indian language is made, it shall be accompanied by a translation either in Hindi or in English, and signed by the petitioner.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the ONE word of difference, and it is exactly the sort of thing this paper tests:<\/b> Rule 161(2) says <b>\"RESPECTFUL, DECOROUS AND TEMPERATE\"<\/b> \u2014 three adjectives; Rule 233A(5) says <b>\"RESPECTFUL AND TEMPERATE\"<\/b> \u2014 two, omitting \"decorous\".<br><br>\r\n<b>The bar on intemperate language runs throughout the Rules<\/b> \u2014 Rule 173(iii) for resolutions, Rule 186(ii) for motions, Rule 210(ii) for cut motions (which alone adds <b>epithets<\/b>), Rule 41(2)(iv) for questions, and Rule 353 on allegations.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 427, part: 6, partId: 57,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20A: Procedure for Ethics Complaints\", rule: \"Rules 233A(2) and 233B\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding references to the Committee on Ethics:<br>1. A complaint relating to unethical conduct of a member, addressed to the Speaker, may be referred by the Speaker to the Chairperson of the Committee on Ethics.<br>2. Notwithstanding anything contained in the rules, the Speaker may refer any question involving unethical conduct of a member to the Committee on Ethics itself.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 233A(2):<\/b> a complaint <i>\"shall be made in writing and addressed to the Speaker, WHO MAY REFER IT TO THE CHAIRPERSON, COMMITTEE ON ETHICS, for examination, investigation and report.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 233B:<\/b> <i>\"NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING CONTAINED IN THESE RULES, the Speaker may refer ANY QUESTION INVOLVING UNETHICAL CONDUCT of a member in Lok Sabha TO THE COMMITTEE ON ETHICS for examination, investigation and report.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two routes differ in THREE ways, and the differences are the substance of this item:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>WHAT is referred<\/b> \u2014 a <b>COMPLAINT<\/b> under 233A(2); a <b>QUESTION<\/b> under 233B. The first presupposes a complainant; the second does not.<br>\r\n<b>TO WHOM<\/b> \u2014 the <b>CHAIRPERSON<\/b> of the Committee under 233A(2); the <b>COMMITTEE<\/b> itself under 233B. Rule 233A(2) is the only provision in the book referring a matter to a Committee's Chairperson rather than to the Committee.<br>\r\n<b>SUBJECT TO WHAT<\/b> \u2014 a reference under 233A(2) presupposes a complaint that has satisfied the ten requirements of Rule 233A; a reference under 233B is made <b>NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING IN THE RULES<\/b>, so none of them applies.<br><br>\r\n<b>Chapter XXA was added by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 13.8.2015<\/b> and is the newest chapter in the book. Rule 233B is drafted in the same terms as <b>Rule 227<\/b>, which gives the Speaker the corresponding power over questions of privilege.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 428, part: 6, partId: 58,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 20A: Procedure for Ethics Complaints\", rule: \"Rule 233A(7)\",\r\n    question: \"Every complaint relating to unethical conduct of a member which is made by a person, as distinct from one made by a member, shall be countersigned by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Chairperson of the Committee on Ethics\",\r\n      \"the member forwarding the complaint to the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"two members other than the member against whom it is made\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the member forwarding the complaint to the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 233A(7):<\/b> <i>\"EVERY COMPLAINT MADE BY ANY PERSON SHALL BE COUNTERSIGNED BY THE MEMBER FORWARDING THE COMPLAINT TO THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The countersignature completes a chain that begins in the proviso to Rule 233A(1):<\/b> <i>\"if a complaint is made by any person, it SHALL BE FORWARDED BY A MEMBER.\"<\/i> An outsider may complain, but a member must carry the complaint and put his own name to it.<br><br>\r\n<b>The scheme is taken almost exactly from the petitions chapter, and the parallel is worth holding:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 164(1)<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"Every petition shall be COUNTERSIGNED BY A MEMBER PRESENTING IT.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 164(2)<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"A MEMBER SHALL NOT PRESENT ONE'S OWN PETITION.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 233A(1) proviso and (7)<\/b> \u2014 forwarded and countersigned by a member.<br><br>\r\nIn both places the House will not receive a document from outside except through a member who vouches for it.<br><br>\r\n<b>But note ONE difference.<\/b> Rule 164(2) expressly bars a member from presenting his own petition; Chapter XXA contains no corresponding bar, because <b>Rule 233A(1)<\/b> allows a <b>MEMBER<\/b> to make a complaint in his own right \u2014 and where he does, <b>Rule 233A(4)<\/b> dispenses with the affidavit that an outside complainant must file.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 429, part: 6, partId: 59,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 21: Subordinate Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 234(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Where a regulation, rule, sub-rule or bye-law framed in pursuance of the Constitution or of the legislative functions delegated by Parliament to a subordinate authority is laid before the House, the period specified in the Constitution or the relevant Act for which it is required to be laid shall be completed\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"before the House is adjourned sine die and later prorogued, unless otherwise provided in the Constitution or the relevant Act\",\r\n      \"before the expiry of the session in which it is first laid, in every case\",\r\n      \"within thirty days of the date on which it is first laid\",\r\n      \"before the House is dissolved\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 234(1):<\/b> <i>\"Where a regulation, rule, sub-rule, bye-law etc. framed in pursuance of the Constitution or of the LEGISLATIVE FUNCTIONS DELEGATED BY PARLIAMENT TO A SUBORDINATE AUTHORITY is laid before the House, the period specified in the Constitution or the relevant Act for which it is required to be laid SHALL BE COMPLETED BEFORE THE HOUSE IS ADJOURNED SINE DIE AND LATER PROROGUED, UNLESS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN THE CONSTITUTION OR THE RELEVANT ACT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 234(2)<\/b> supplies the remedy where it is not: <i>\"WHERE THE SPECIFIED PERIOD IS NOT SO COMPLETED THE REGULATION, RULE, SUB-RULE, BYE-LAW ETC. SHALL BE RELAID IN THE SUCCEEDING SESSION OR SESSIONS UNTIL THE SAID PERIOD IS COMPLETED IN ONE SESSION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two sub-rules together create the \"laying in one session\" principle<\/b>: the statutory laying period must run its course <b>WITHIN A SINGLE SESSION<\/b>, and if a session ends too soon the instrument is laid again in the next, and the next, until a session is long enough to contain it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that the trigger is \"ADJOURNED SINE DIE AND LATER PROROGUED\"<\/b> \u2014 both events. That is the ordinary way a session ends: the House first adjourns sine die under <b>Rule 15(1)<\/b>, and prorogation by the President under <b>Article 85(2)(a)<\/b> follows.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Committee on Subordinate Legislation (Rules 317\u2013321)<\/b> scrutinises whether such instruments are within the powers conferred, and <b>Rule 70<\/b> requires the memorandum on delegated legislation that accompanies a Bill.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 430, part: 6, partId: 60,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 21: Subordinate Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 234(2)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 234(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where the period specified in the Constitution or the relevant Act for which a regulation, rule, sub-rule or bye-law is required to be laid before the House is not completed in one session, the instrument shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"be deemed to have been approved by the House\",\r\n      \"be relaid in the succeeding session or sessions until the said period is completed in one session\",\r\n      \"cease to have effect from the date of prorogation\",\r\n      \"stand referred to the Committee on Subordinate Legislation\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 234(2):<\/b> <i>\"Where the specified period is not so completed the regulation, rule, sub-rule, bye-law etc. SHALL BE RELAID IN THE SUCCEEDING SESSION OR SESSIONS UNTIL THE SAID PERIOD IS COMPLETED IN ONE SESSION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The words \"IN ONE SESSION\" are the key to the whole rule.<\/b> The laying period is not aggregated across sessions \u2014 days in one session and days in the next do not add up. The clock restarts each time, and the instrument keeps being relaid until a single session is long enough to contain the full period.<br><br>\r\nThat is why the rule speaks of <b>\"THE SUCCEEDING SESSION OR SESSIONS\"<\/b> in the plural: it may take several attempts.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (a) states the opposite of the scheme.<\/b> The purpose of laying is to give the House the opportunity to modify or annul; deeming approval from a failure to complete the period would defeat it. Option (c) is equally wrong \u2014 the instrument continues in force, because relaying presupposes that it is still operative.<br><br>\r\n<b>The scrutiny itself belongs to the Committee on Subordinate Legislation<\/b>, whose function under <b>Rule 320<\/b> is to consider whether the powers delegated by Parliament are being properly exercised. Chapter XXI is concerned only with <b>LAYING and AMENDMENT<\/b>; the Committee's role is separate, and the chapter closes with a cross-reference to Chapter XXVI.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 431, part: 6, partId: 61,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 21: Subordinate Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 235\",\r\n    question: \"A day or days, or part of a day, for the consideration and passing of an amendment of which notice may be given by a member to a regulation, rule, sub-rule or bye-law is fixed by the Speaker\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in his own discretion\",\r\n      \"in consultation with the Committee on Subordinate Legislation\",\r\n      \"on the recommendation of the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n      \"in consultation with the Leader of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) in consultation with the Leader of the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 235:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall, IN CONSULTATION WITH THE LEADER OF THE HOUSE, fix a day or days or part of a day AS THE SPEAKER MAY THINK FIT for the consideration and passing of an amendment to such regulation, rule, sub-rule, bye-law, etc., OF WHICH NOTICE MAY BE GIVEN BY A MEMBER: Provided that NOTICE OF THE AMENDMENT SHALL BE IN SUCH FORM AS THE SPEAKER MAY CONSIDER APPROPRIATE and shall COMPLY WITH THESE RULES.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The Leader of the House is the consulting partner here, as in Rules 16 and 208(1).<\/b> Collect the four allotment rules and their partners:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 16<\/b> \u2014 the President's Address under Art 87(1): <b>LEADER OF THE HOUSE<\/b>, mandatory.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 208(1)<\/b> \u2014 voting of demands for grants: <b>LEADER OF THE HOUSE<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 235<\/b> \u2014 amendments to subordinate legislation: <b>LEADER OF THE HOUSE<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 190<\/b> \u2014 a motion: the Leader of the House <b>OR<\/b> the <b>BUSINESS ADVISORY COMMITTEE<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 198(3)<\/b> \u2014 a no-confidence motion: <b>NEITHER<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker acts alone.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that the initiative under Rule 235 lies with a MEMBER<\/b> \u2014 it is his notice of amendment that sets the machinery going. The rest of the chapter then follows the amendment through both Houses: transmission to the Council (236), the Council's response (237), final disagreement (238) and the laying of the amended instrument (239).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 432, part: 6, partId: 62,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 21: Subordinate Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 236\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 236 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, after an amendment to a regulation, rule, sub-rule or bye-law is passed by the House, it shall be transmitted to the Council for its concurrence; and on receipt of a message from the Council agreeing to the amendment, it shall be forwarded to the Minister concerned by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Committee on Subordinate Legislation\",\r\n      \"the member who moved the amendment\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) the Secretary-General.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 236:<\/b> <i>\"After an amendment is passed by the House, it shall be TRANSMITTED TO THE COUNCIL FOR ITS CONCURRENCE and ON RECEIPT OF A MESSAGE FROM THE COUNCIL AGREEING TO THE AMENDMENT, IT SHALL BE FORWARDED BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL TO THE MINISTER CONCERNED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The amendment goes to a MINISTER, not to the President and not back to the House<\/b> \u2014 because subordinate legislation is made by the executive under delegated power, and it is the executive that must give effect to the amendment. <b>Rule 239<\/b> then closes the loop: <i>\"If a regulation, rule, sub-rule, bye-law etc. is MODIFIED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE AMENDMENT PASSED BY THE HOUSES, the amended regulation, rule, sub-rule, bye-law etc. SHALL BE LAID ON THE TABLE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Compare Rule 183<\/b>, which does the same work for a <b>RESOLUTION<\/b>: <i>\"A copy of every resolution which has been passed by the House shall be forwarded to the MINISTER CONCERNED.\"<\/i> In both cases the House's decision is conveyed to the executive for action.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Secretary-General's role is, as always, one of communication rather than decision<\/b> \u2014 the summons (Rule 3), the list of business (31(1)), lists of amendments (79(2), 177(3)), the certificates on Bills (96(2), 121(2), 137(2)), reporting the Council's messages (97, 103, 138), and here forwarding the agreed amendment.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 433, part: 6, partId: 63,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 21: Subordinate Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 237\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 237 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, if the Council disagrees with an amendment to a regulation, rule, sub-rule or bye-law passed by the House, or agrees subject to a further amendment thereof, or proposes an amendment in substitution thereof, the House may\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"either drop the amendment, or agree with the Council in the proposed amendment, or insist on the original amendment passed by the House\",\r\n      \"only drop the amendment or insist on it\",\r\n      \"only agree with the Council or drop the amendment\",\r\n      \"refer the matter to a Joint Committee of the Houses\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 237:<\/b> <i>\"If the Council DISAGREES with the amendment passed by the House OR AGREES SUBJECT TO A FURTHER AMENDMENT thereof OR PROPOSES AN AMENDMENT IN SUBSTITUTION thereof, the House MAY EITHER DROP THE AMENDMENT OR AGREE WITH THE COUNCIL IN THE PROPOSED AMENDMENT OR INSIST ON THE ORIGINAL AMENDMENT PASSED BY THE HOUSE. A MESSAGE IN EITHER CASE SHALL BE SENT TO THE COUNCIL. In case the House agrees to the amendment as further amended by the Council, THE AMENDED AMENDMENT SHALL BE FORWARDED BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL TO THE MINISTER CONCERNED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>THREE courses are open to the House<\/b> \u2014 <b>DROP<\/b>, <b>AGREE<\/b>, or <b>INSIST<\/b> \u2014 and the third is the one that leads to deadlock.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the wholly different consequence from a Bill. Rule 238:<\/b> <i>\"If the Council agrees to the original amendment passed by the House, it shall be sent by the Secretary-General to the Minister concerned, BUT IF THE COUNCIL DISAGREES OR INSISTS ON AN AMENDMENT TO WHICH THE HOUSE HAS NOT AGREED, THE HOUSES SHALL BE DEEMED TO HAVE FINALLY DISAGREED, AND ALL FURTHER PROCEEDINGS THEREON SHALL BE DROPPED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The proceedings are simply DROPPED.<\/b> There is no joint sitting \u2014 <b>Article 108<\/b> applies to Bills, not to amendments of subordinate legislation. So where the two Houses cannot agree, the instrument stands <b>UNAMENDED<\/b> and the executive's rule survives. Option (d) imports Bill machinery that has no place here.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 434, part: 6, partId: 64,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 21: Subordinate Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 238\",\r\n    question: \"Where the Council disagrees with, or insists on an amendment to which the House has not agreed in relation to a regulation, rule, sub-rule or bye-law, the Houses shall be deemed to have finally disagreed and\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the President may summon a joint sitting of both Houses\",\r\n      \"all further proceedings thereon shall be dropped\",\r\n      \"the matter shall stand referred to the Committee on Subordinate Legislation\",\r\n      \"the amendment as passed by the House shall be forwarded to the Minister concerned\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) all further proceedings thereon shall be dropped.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 238:<\/b> <i>\"If the Council agrees to the original amendment passed by the House, it shall be sent by the Secretary-General to the Minister concerned, but IF THE COUNCIL DISAGREES OR INSISTS ON AN AMENDMENT TO WHICH THE HOUSE HAS NOT AGREED, THE HOUSES SHALL BE DEEMED TO HAVE FINALLY DISAGREED, AND ALL FURTHER PROCEEDINGS THEREON SHALL BE DROPPED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This is the sleeper of Chapter XXI.<\/b> The expression <b>\"FINALLY DISAGREED\"<\/b> appears five times in the book, and in four of them it opens the way to a <b>JOINT SITTING<\/b> under <b>Article 108(1)(a)<\/b>:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 102<\/b> \u2014 a House Bill, the Council insisting.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 126<\/b> \u2014 a Council Bill, the House insisting.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 143<\/b> and <b>Rule 153<\/b> \u2014 the same, after the President's message.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 238<\/b> alone ends the matter dead \u2014 <b>\"ALL FURTHER PROCEEDINGS THEREON SHALL BE DROPPED.\"<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>The reason is that Article 108 applies only to a BILL.<\/b> An amendment to a regulation or rule is not a Bill, so there is no constitutional machinery to break the deadlock \u2014 and none is invented by the Rules.<br><br>\r\n<b>The practical consequence is significant:<\/b> where the Houses disagree, the subordinate legislation stands <b>AS THE EXECUTIVE MADE IT<\/b>. Parliament's power to amend delegated legislation therefore depends on both Houses agreeing.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 435, part: 6, partId: 65,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 21: Subordinate Legislation\", rule: \"Rule 239\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 239 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where a regulation, rule, sub-rule or bye-law is modified in accordance with an amendment passed by the Houses, the amended regulation, rule, sub-rule or bye-law shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"be published in the Gazette only\",\r\n      \"be laid on the Table\",\r\n      \"be forwarded to the Committee on Subordinate Legislation\",\r\n      \"be deemed to have been made afresh by the subordinate authority\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) be laid on the Table.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 239:<\/b> <i>\"If a regulation, rule, sub-rule, bye-law etc. is MODIFIED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE AMENDMENT PASSED BY THE HOUSES, the amended regulation, rule, sub-rule, bye-law etc. SHALL BE LAID ON THE TABLE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The rule completes a circle<\/b>, and that is the point worth carrying. The instrument was <b>LAID<\/b> in the first place under Rule 234(1); the House gave notice of an amendment and passed it (235); it went to the Council (236) and, if agreed, to the Minister (236); the Minister modified the instrument; and now the modified instrument comes <b>BACK TO THE TABLE<\/b> so that the House can see that its amendment has in fact been carried out.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the plural \u2014 \"the amendment passed by THE HOUSES.\"<\/b> Rule 239 is engaged only where <b>BOTH<\/b> Houses have agreed. Where they have finally disagreed, <b>Rule 238<\/b> drops all further proceedings and there is nothing to relay.<br><br>\r\n<b>Laying on the Table is the standard device by which the House keeps sight of executive action<\/b>: <b>Rules 368\u2013370<\/b> (papers laid on the Table), <b>Rule 71(2)<\/b> (the statement on an Ordinance embodying a pending Bill), <b>Rule 98<\/b> and <b>Rule 104<\/b> (Bills returned by the Council), <b>Rule 129(2)<\/b> (a Bill returned by the President), and <b>Rule 369(2)<\/b>, under which <i>\"all papers and documents laid on the Table shall be CONSIDERED PUBLIC.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 436, part: 6, partId: 66,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 21: Subordinate Legislation\", rule: \"Rules 102, 126 and 238\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding a final disagreement between the Houses:<br>1. Where the Houses have finally disagreed as to the amendments to a Bill, the President may summon a joint sitting of both Houses.<br>2. Where the Houses have finally disagreed as to an amendment to a regulation, rule, sub-rule or bye-law, all further proceedings thereon shall be dropped.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Article 108(1)(a):<\/b> where a Bill has been passed by one House and transmitted to the other, and <i>\"the Houses have finally disagreed as to the amendments to be made in the Bill\"<\/i>, the President <b>MAY SUMMON A JOINT SITTING<\/b>. The Rules reach that point through <b>Rules 102, 126, 143 and 153<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 238:<\/b> <i>\"the Houses shall be deemed to have FINALLY DISAGREED, and ALL FURTHER PROCEEDINGS THEREON SHALL BE DROPPED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The same expression, two entirely different consequences \u2014 and that is the discrimination worth carrying out of this chapter.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>For a BILL<\/b>, a deadlock is soluble: <b>Article 108(4)<\/b> provides that at the joint sitting the Bill is passed by a majority of the total number of members of both Houses present and voting. (A Money Bill and a Constitution amendment Bill are outside Article 108.)<br><br>\r\n<b>For SUBORDINATE LEGISLATION<\/b>, there is no such machinery, because Article 108 speaks only of Bills. The deadlock is therefore final in the fullest sense, and the executive's instrument survives unamended.<br><br>\r\nThe contrast reflects a difference in constitutional weight: legislation is Parliament's own product, and the Constitution provides a way through disagreement; an amendment to delegated legislation is a check on the executive, and it works only if both Houses agree to apply it.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 437, part: 6, partId: 67,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 21: Subordinate Legislation\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 235\",\r\n    question: \"Notice of an amendment to a regulation, rule, sub-rule or bye-law shall be\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in such form as the Speaker may consider appropriate, and shall comply with the rules\",\r\n      \"in the form set out in the Second Schedule\",\r\n      \"accompanied by an explanatory memorandum stating the reasons for the amendment\",\r\n      \"supported by the signatures of at least two other members\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 235:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that NOTICE OF THE AMENDMENT SHALL BE IN SUCH FORM AS THE SPEAKER MAY CONSIDER APPROPRIATE AND SHALL COMPLY WITH THESE RULES.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The form is left entirely to the Chair<\/b> \u2014 no Schedule, no prescribed wording. That is unusual, and it is worth setting against the places where a form <b>IS<\/b> prescribed:<br>\r\n<b>FIRST SCHEDULE<\/b> \u2014 the general form of petition (Rule 161(1)), which \"may be used, and, if used, shall be sufficient\".<br>\r\n<b>SECOND SCHEDULE<\/b> \u2014 the forms relating to Bills.<br>\r\n<b>THIRD SCHEDULE<\/b> \u2014 the form of intimation of a member's arrest, detention or conviction (Rules 229 and 230).<br>\r\n<b>Rule 240(1)<\/b> \u2014 the exact form of a member's letter of resignation, set out in the rule itself.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 96(2)<\/b> and its proviso, <b>Rule 121(2)<\/b>, <b>Rule 137(2)<\/b> and <b>Rule 154<\/b> \u2014 the certificates on Bills.<br><br>\r\n<b>The second limb \u2014 \"SHALL COMPLY WITH THESE RULES\" \u2014 imports the general conditions<\/b>, chiefly <b>Rule 344<\/b>: an amendment shall be relevant to and within the scope of the motion, shall not be a mere negative, and shall not be inconsistent with a previous decision on the same question.<br><br>\r\nOption (c) borrows from Rule 193 (short duration discussions) and option (d) from its second proviso.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 438, part: 6, partId: 68,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 21: Subordinate Legislation\", rule: \"Rules 234\u2013239\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to subordinate legislation?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The period for which an instrument is required to be laid shall be completed before the House is adjourned sine die and later prorogued\",\r\n      \"Where the specified period is not so completed, the instrument shall be relaid in the succeeding session or sessions until the period is completed in one session\",\r\n      \"Where the Houses finally disagree as to an amendment, the President may summon a joint sitting to resolve the disagreement\",\r\n      \"Where an instrument is modified in accordance with an amendment passed by the Houses, the amended instrument shall be laid on the Table\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 238:<\/b> where the Council disagrees or insists on an amendment to which the House has not agreed, <i>\"the Houses shall be deemed to have finally disagreed, and ALL FURTHER PROCEEDINGS THEREON SHALL BE DROPPED.\"<\/i> There is no joint sitting: <b>Article 108<\/b> applies only to a <b>BILL<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b> <b>Rule 234(1)<\/b> (A \u2713); <b>Rule 234(2)<\/b> (B \u2713); <b>Rule 239<\/b> (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>Chapter XXI in six rules:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>234<\/b> \u2014 laying; the specified period must be completed <b>in one session<\/b>, and the instrument is relaid until it is.<br>\r\n<b>235<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker, in consultation with the <b>Leader of the House<\/b>, fixes time for an amendment of which a member gives notice; the form is as the Speaker considers appropriate.<br>\r\n<b>236<\/b> \u2014 the amendment goes to the <b>Council<\/b>; if agreed, the <b>Secretary-General<\/b> forwards it to the <b>Minister concerned<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>237<\/b> \u2014 if the Council disagrees, agrees subject to a further amendment, or substitutes one, the House may <b>drop, agree or insist<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>238<\/b> \u2014 insistence on both sides means final disagreement and <b>all proceedings dropped<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>239<\/b> \u2014 the modified instrument is <b>laid on the Table<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nThe chapter ends with a cross-reference to the <b>Committee on Subordinate Legislation<\/b> in Chapter XXVI.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 439, part: 6, partId: 69,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 22: Resignation and Vacation of Seats in the House\", rule: \"Rule 240(1)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 240(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a member who desires to resign his seat in the House shall intimate his intention in writing under his own hand addressed to the Speaker, in the form prescribed by the rules, and\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall state the reasons for the resignation\",\r\n      \"shall not give any reason for the resignation\",\r\n      \"shall state the reasons only if the Speaker so requires\",\r\n      \"may state the reasons at his discretion\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) shall not give any reason for the resignation.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 240(1):<\/b> <i>\"A member who desires to resign one's seat in the House shall INTIMATE IN WRITING UNDER ONE'S OWN HAND ADDRESSED TO THE SPEAKER, such intention to resign the seat in the following form AND SHALL NOT GIVE ANY REASON FOR THE RESIGNATION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The prescribed form is set out in the rule itself<\/b>, and is one of the few places in the book where the exact words are laid down: <i>\"I hereby tender my resignation of my seat in the House with effect from\u2026\"<\/i> \u2014 nothing more.<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso deals with a member who ignores the requirement:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that WHERE ANY MEMBER GIVES ANY REASON OR INTRODUCES ANY EXTRANEOUS MATTER THE SPEAKER MAY WHILE EXERCISING DISCRETION OMIT SUCH WORDS, PHRASES OR MATTER AND THE SAME SHALL NOT BE READ OUT IN THE HOUSE.\"<\/i> The resignation is not thereby invalidated; the surplus is simply struck out and not read.<br><br>\r\nThe reason for the bar is that a resignation is a unilateral act with a single legal effect. A letter of resignation is not an occasion for a political statement, and the House is not to be made a platform by a member who is leaving it.<br><br>\r\n<b>The constitutional source is Article 101(3)(b)<\/b>, under which a member may resign his seat by writing under his hand addressed to the Speaker.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 440, part: 6, partId: 70,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 22: Resignation and Vacation of Seats in the House\", rule: \"Rule 240(1A)\",\r\n    question: \"Where a member hands over the letter of resignation to the Speaker personally and informs the Speaker that the resignation is voluntary and genuine, and the Speaker has no information or knowledge to the contrary, the Speaker\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall make a summary enquiry before accepting it\",\r\n      \"may accept the resignation immediately\",\r\n      \"shall place the letter before the House before accepting it\",\r\n      \"shall refer the matter to the Committee of Privileges\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) may accept the resignation immediately.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 240(1A):<\/b> <i>\"IF A MEMBER HANDS OVER THE LETTER OF RESIGNATION TO THE SPEAKER PERSONALLY AND INFORMS THAT THE RESIGNATION IS VOLUNTARY AND GENUINE AND THE SPEAKER HAS NO INFORMATION OR KNOWLEDGE TO THE CONTRARY, THE SPEAKER MAY ACCEPT THE RESIGNATION IMMEDIATELY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Three conditions must all be met:<\/b> delivery <b>IN PERSON<\/b>; the member's own statement that it is <b>VOLUNTARY AND GENUINE<\/b>; and the Speaker having <b>NO INFORMATION OR KNOWLEDGE TO THE CONTRARY<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 240(1B) governs every other case:<\/b> <i>\"IF THE SPEAKER RECEIVES THE LETTER OF RESIGNATION EITHER BY POST OR THROUGH SOMEONE ELSE, the Speaker MAY MAKE SUCH INQUIRY AS IS CONSIDERED NECESSARY to get satisfied that the resignation is voluntary and genuine. If the Speaker, AFTER MAKING A SUMMARY ENQUIRY either by oneself or through the agency of Lok Sabha Secretariat or through such other agency as the Speaker may deem fit, IS SATISFIED THAT THE RESIGNATION IS NOT VOLUNTARY OR GENUINE, THE SPEAKER SHALL NOT ACCEPT THE RESIGNATION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The distinction turns on the MODE OF DELIVERY<\/b> \u2014 in person, or by post or through another. The whole scheme exists to guard against a resignation extracted under duress, which is why the constitutional text in <b>Article 101(3)(b)<\/b> was amended by the <b>THIRTY-THIRD Amendment, 1974<\/b> to require the Speaker to satisfy himself that a resignation is voluntary and genuine.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 240(1C):<\/b> a member may <b>WITHDRAW<\/b> the letter at any time <b>BEFORE IT IS ACCEPTED<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 441, part: 6, partId: 71,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 22: Resignation and Vacation of Seats in the House\", rule: \"Rule 240(1B)\",\r\n    question: \"Where the Speaker receives a member's letter of resignation either by post or through someone else and, after making a summary enquiry, is satisfied that the resignation is not voluntary or genuine, the Speaker\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall not accept the resignation\",\r\n      \"shall accept the resignation and inform the House of his doubts\",\r\n      \"shall refer the matter to the Election Commission\",\r\n      \"shall place the letter before the House for its decision\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) shall not accept the resignation.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 240(1B):<\/b> <i>\"If the Speaker receives the letter of resignation either BY POST OR THROUGH SOMEONE ELSE, the Speaker MAY MAKE SUCH INQUIRY AS IS CONSIDERED NECESSARY to get satisfied that the resignation is voluntary and genuine. If the Speaker, AFTER MAKING A SUMMARY ENQUIRY EITHER BY ONESELF OR THROUGH THE AGENCY OF LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT OR THROUGH SUCH OTHER AGENCY, as the Speaker may deem fit, IS SATISFIED THAT THE RESIGNATION IS NOT VOLUNTARY OR GENUINE, THE SPEAKER SHALL NOT ACCEPT THE RESIGNATION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the mandatory \"SHALL NOT ACCEPT\"<\/b> \u2014 there is no discretion once the Speaker reaches that satisfaction. And note the three permitted agencies of enquiry: <b>the Speaker himself<\/b>, the <b>LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT<\/b>, or <b>such other agency as he may deem fit<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The constitutional foundation is the proviso to Article 101(3)(b)<\/b>, inserted by the <b>THIRTY-THIRD AMENDMENT ACT, 1974<\/b>: <i>\"Provided that in the case of any resignation referred to in sub-clause (b), if from information received or otherwise and after making such inquiry as he thinks fit, the Speaker or the Chairman, as the case may be, is satisfied that such resignation is not voluntary or genuine, he shall not accept such resignation.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe amendment followed episodes of mass resignations tendered under pressure, and Rules 240(1A) to (1C) are the procedural machinery giving effect to it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 240(1C):<\/b> the member may withdraw the letter at any time before acceptance \u2014 so until the Speaker acts, the seat is not vacated.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 442, part: 6, partId: 72,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 22: Resignation and Vacation of Seats in the House\", rule: \"Rule 240(1C)\",\r\n    question: \"A member may withdraw his letter of resignation\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"at any time before it is accepted by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"at any time before the information is published in the Gazette\",\r\n      \"at any time before the House is informed of the resignation\",\r\n      \"only with the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) at any time before it is accepted by the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 240(1C):<\/b> <i>\"A MEMBER MAY WITHDRAW THE LETTER OF RESIGNATION AT ANY TIME BEFORE IT IS ACCEPTED BY THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>ACCEPTANCE is the operative moment<\/b>, and everything else follows from it. Before acceptance the letter is merely an offer, which the member may take back as of right \u2014 no permission is needed, which disposes of option (d). After acceptance the seat is vacant and there is nothing to withdraw.<br><br>\r\nThe steps that come after acceptance confirm this. <b>Rule 240(2):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall, AS SOON AS MAY BE, AFTER ACCEPTING THE RESIGNATION of a member, INFORM THE HOUSE about resignation of seat by the member and acceptance of such resignation.\"<\/i> <b>Rule 240(3):<\/b> the <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b>, as soon as may be after acceptance, causes the information to be published in the <b>BULLETIN AND THE GAZETTE<\/b> and forwards a copy of the notification to the <b>ELECTION COMMISSION<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nSo options (b) and (c) both name events that occur <b>AFTER<\/b> acceptance \u2014 by then it is too late.<br><br>\r\n<b>The right of withdrawal is the counterpart of the enquiry power in Rule 240(1B)<\/b>: both exist to ensure that a seat is vacated only by a member's own settled will. Compare <b>Rule 180(1)<\/b>, where a resolution not yet moved may be withdrawn by a mere statement \u2014 and <b>Rule 180(2)<\/b>, where one already moved needs the leave of the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 443, part: 6, partId: 73,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 22: Resignation and Vacation of Seats in the House\", rule: \"Rule 240(3)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 240(3) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, after the Speaker has accepted the resignation of a member, the Secretary-General shall, as soon as may be, cause the information to be published in\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Bulletin only\",\r\n      \"the Bulletin and the Gazette, and forward a copy of the notification to the Election Commission\",\r\n      \"the Gazette only, and inform the Election Commission\",\r\n      \"the Bulletin, and forward a copy to the Chief Election Commissioner of the State concerned\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 240(3):<\/b> <i>\"The SECRETARY-GENERAL shall, as soon as may be, after the Speaker has accepted the resignation of a member, CAUSE THE INFORMATION TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE BULLETIN AND THE GAZETTE AND FORWARD A COPY OF THE NOTIFICATION TO THE ELECTION COMMISSION FOR TAKING STEPS TO FILL THE VACANCY thus caused.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>THREE destinations, and each has its own purpose:<\/b> the <b>BULLETIN<\/b> tells the members; the <b>GAZETTE<\/b> tells the public; the <b>ELECTION COMMISSION<\/b> must act, since under <b>Article 324<\/b> the conduct of elections, including a by-election to fill a casual vacancy, is vested in it.<br><br>\r\nThis is one of the few provisions using <b>BOTH<\/b> publication channels. Elsewhere the Rules choose one or the other \u2014 the <b>GAZETTE<\/b> for instruments operating on the outside world (Rules 64, 73, 305, 319), the <b>BULLETIN<\/b> for the House's internal notice board (Rules 97, 103, 129(1), 138, 189, 231, 290A, 331(3)).<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso deals with a prospective resignation:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that where the resignation is to TAKE EFFECT FROM A FUTURE DATE, the information shall be published in the Bulletin and the Gazette NOT EARLIER THAN THE DATE FROM WHICH IT IS TO TAKE EFFECT.\"<\/i> \u2014 publication is held back so that the record never shows a seat as vacant before it is.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 241(2)<\/b> makes similar provision where a seat is <b>DECLARED VACANT<\/b>, but note that there the publication is in the <b>GAZETTE ONLY<\/b>, not the Bulletin.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 444, part: 6, partId: 74,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 22: Resignation and Vacation of Seats in the House\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 240(3)\",\r\n    question: \"Where a member's resignation is to take effect from a future date, the information regarding the resignation shall be published in the Bulletin and the Gazette\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"immediately on acceptance of the resignation\",\r\n      \"not earlier than the date from which the resignation is to take effect\",\r\n      \"within seven days of acceptance of the resignation\",\r\n      \"on such date as the Election Commission may indicate\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) not earlier than the date from which it is to take effect.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 240(3):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that where the resignation is to take effect from a future date, the information shall be published in the Bulletin and the Gazette NOT EARLIER THAN THE DATE FROM WHICH IT IS TO TAKE EFFECT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso exists because publication has a legal consequence.<\/b> Under the main limb of Rule 240(3) the notification goes to the <b>ELECTION COMMISSION<\/b> <i>\"for taking steps to fill the vacancy thus caused.\"<\/i> Publishing before the effective date would announce a vacancy that does not yet exist and could set a by-election in motion prematurely.<br><br>\r\n<b>The prescribed form in Rule 240(1) contemplates exactly this situation<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"I hereby tender my resignation of my seat in the House WITH EFFECT FROM\u2026\"<\/i> The blank invites a future date, and the proviso is what makes that workable.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the sequence, which is the substance of the chapter:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>1.<\/b> The letter is written in the prescribed form, with no reasons (240(1)).<br>\r\n<b>2.<\/b> The Speaker accepts it \u2014 immediately if handed over personally (1A), after a summary enquiry if received by post or through another (1B); the member may withdraw it at any time before acceptance (1C).<br>\r\n<b>3.<\/b> The Speaker <b>INFORMS THE HOUSE<\/b> (240(2)); and by the <b>Explanation<\/b>, if the House is not in session, <i>\"immediately after the House reassembles.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>4.<\/b> The Secretary-General publishes and notifies the Election Commission (240(3)), subject to this proviso.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 445, part: 6, partId: 75,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 22: Resignation and Vacation of Seats in the House\", rule: \"Explanation to Rule 240(2)\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker shall, as soon as may be after accepting the resignation of a member, inform the House about the resignation and its acceptance; and where the House is not in session, the Speaker shall inform the House\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"at the commencement of the next session\",\r\n      \"immediately after the House reassembles\",\r\n      \"within seven days of the reassembly of the House\",\r\n      \"by causing the information to be published in the Bulletin instead\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) immediately after the House reassembles.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 240(2):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall, AS SOON AS MAY BE, after accepting the resignation of a member, INFORM THE HOUSE about resignation of seat by the member and acceptance of such resignation.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Explanation:<\/b> <i>\"WHEN THE HOUSE IS NOT IN SESSION, THE SPEAKER SHALL INFORM THE HOUSE IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE HOUSE REASSEMBLES.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note that the duty to inform the House is NOT displaced by publication in the Bulletin<\/b>, which is why option (d) is wrong. Both happen: the Speaker informs the House under 240(2), and the Secretary-General publishes in the Bulletin and the Gazette under 240(3). They are separate obligations imposed on different functionaries.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the intersession arrangements elsewhere, where publication in the Bulletin REPLACES the announcement:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rules 97, 103 and 138<\/b> \u2014 the Council's messages are <i>\"reported by the Secretary-General to the House if in session OR published in the Bulletin \u2026 if the House is not in session.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 129(1)<\/b> \u2014 the President's message: read by the Speaker if in session, <b>OR<\/b> published in the Bulletin.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 231<\/b> \u2014 a member's arrest or release: read out if in session, <b>OR<\/b> published in the Bulletin.<br><br>\r\nIn each of those the Bulletin is an <b>ALTERNATIVE<\/b>. Under the Explanation to Rule 240(2) it is not \u2014 the House must still be told, and told <b>IMMEDIATELY<\/b> on reassembly.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 446, part: 6, partId: 76,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 22: Resignation and Vacation of Seats in the House\", rule: \"Rule 241(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 241(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the seat of a member shall be declared vacant under clause (4) of article 101 of the Constitution on a motion by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Leader of the House, or such other member to whom the functions are delegated in this behalf by the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"the Chairperson of the Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House\",\r\n      \"any member, with the consent of the Speaker\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 241(1):<\/b> <i>\"The SEAT OF A MEMBER SHALL BE DECLARED VACANT UNDER CLAUSE (4) OF ARTICLE 101 of the Constitution ON A MOTION BY THE LEADER OF THE HOUSE OR BY SUCH OTHER MEMBER TO WHOM THE FUNCTIONS ARE DELEGATED IN THIS BEHALF BY THE LEADER OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Article 101(4)<\/b> is the source: <i>\"If for a period of SIXTY DAYS a member of either House of Parliament is WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE HOUSE ABSENT FROM ALL MEETINGS thereof, the House may declare his seat vacant.\"<\/i> The Article adds that in computing the sixty days, no account is taken of any period during which the House is prorogued or adjourned for more than four consecutive days.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the connection with the NEXT chapter.<\/b> Article 101(4) speaks of absence <b>WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE HOUSE<\/b>, and Chapter XXIII is the machinery for obtaining that permission: <b>Rule 242(1)<\/b> \u2014 an application in writing to the Speaker; and by the proviso, <i>\"leave of absence applied for at any one time SHALL NOT EXCEED A PERIOD OF SIXTY DAYS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The sixty days therefore appears twice, in mirror image<\/b> \u2014 sixty days of unpermitted absence may cost a member his seat; sixty days is also the maximum leave he may seek at one time.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 241(2):<\/b> if the motion is carried, the Secretary-General causes the information to be published in the <b>GAZETTE<\/b> and forwards a copy of the notification to the <b>ELECTION COMMISSION<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 447, part: 6, partId: 77,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 22: Resignation and Vacation of Seats in the House\", rule: \"Rules 240(3) and 241(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. Where the Speaker accepts a member's resignation, the Secretary-General shall cause the information to be published in the Bulletin and the Gazette.<br>2. Where a motion declaring a member's seat vacant is carried, the Secretary-General shall cause the information to be published in the Gazette.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 240(3)<\/b> \u2014 on acceptance of a resignation, the Secretary-General causes the information to be published in <b>THE BULLETIN AND THE GAZETTE<\/b> and forwards a copy of the notification to the Election Commission.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 241(2)<\/b> \u2014 where a motion under Rule 241(1) is carried, the Secretary-General causes the information to be published in <b>THE GAZETTE<\/b> and forwards a copy of the notification to the Election Commission.<br><br>\r\n<b>The difference is the BULLETIN, and it is easy to miss.<\/b> A resignation goes into both channels; a declaration of vacancy into the Gazette alone.<br><br>\r\n<b>The reason is that the Bulletin's function is to tell members what they would not otherwise know.<\/b> A <b>RESIGNATION<\/b> may be accepted while the House is not sitting, so members need to be told through the Bulletin \u2014 and by the Explanation to Rule 240(2) the Speaker must also inform the House immediately on reassembly. A <b>DECLARATION OF VACANCY<\/b>, by contrast, is made <b>BY THE HOUSE ITSELF<\/b>, on a motion moved and carried in the Chamber. Every member present has seen it happen, so there is nothing for the Bulletin to report.<br><br>\r\n<b>What both share is the ELECTION COMMISSION<\/b>, which must in each case take steps to fill the vacancy under <b>Article 324<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 448, part: 6, partId: 78,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 22: Resignation and Vacation of Seats in the House\", rule: \"Rule 240\",\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, may a member withdraw the letter of resignation at any time before it is accepted by the Speaker?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rule 238\",\r\n      \"Rule 239\",\r\n      \"Rule 240\",\r\n      \"Rule 241\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Rule 240.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 240(1C):<\/b> <i>\"A MEMBER MAY WITHDRAW THE LETTER OF RESIGNATION AT ANY TIME BEFORE IT IS ACCEPTED BY THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i> Sub-rules (1A), (1B) and (1C) form the group giving effect to the proviso to <b>Article 101(3)(b)<\/b>, inserted by the Thirty-third Amendment, 1974.<br><br>\r\n<b>The three distractors are the rules on either side:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 238<\/b> \u2014 subordinate legislation: where the Council disagrees or insists on an amendment to which the House has not agreed, the Houses are deemed to have finally disagreed and <b>all further proceedings are dropped<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 239<\/b> \u2014 the amended regulation, rule, sub-rule or bye-law is <b>laid on the Table<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 241<\/b> \u2014 the seat of a member is <b>declared vacant<\/b> under Article 101(4) on a motion by the <b>Leader of the House<\/b> or a member to whom he delegates the function; and if carried, the Secretary-General publishes in the <b>Gazette<\/b> and notifies the Election Commission.<br><br>\r\n<b>The whole of Rule 240 in outline:<\/b> <b>(1)<\/b> writing under the member's own hand to the <b>Speaker<\/b>, in the prescribed form, <b>no reasons<\/b> \u2014 with a proviso letting the Speaker omit extraneous matter \u00b7 <b>(1A)<\/b> handed over personally \u2192 may be accepted <b>immediately<\/b> \u00b7 <b>(1B)<\/b> by post or through another \u2192 <b>summary enquiry<\/b>; if not voluntary or genuine, <b>shall not accept<\/b> \u00b7 <b>(1C)<\/b> withdrawal before acceptance \u00b7 <b>(2)<\/b> the Speaker informs the House \u00b7 <b>(3)<\/b> the Secretary-General publishes and notifies.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 449, part: 6, partId: 79,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 23: Leave of Absence from the Sittings of the House\", rule: \"Rule 242(2)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 242(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, an application for leave of absence from the sittings of the House shall specify the period for which leave of absence is required, indicating also\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the date of commencement and of termination of such leave of absence, and the grounds for it\",\r\n      \"the date of commencement of such leave of absence only\",\r\n      \"the grounds for the leave of absence only\",\r\n      \"the name of the member who will represent the constituency during the period\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 242(2):<\/b> <i>\"An application under sub-rule (1) shall SPECIFY THE PERIOD for which leave of absence is required, INDICATING ALSO THE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT AND OF TERMINATION of such leave of absence AND THE GROUNDS FOR IT: Provided that LEAVE OF ABSENCE APPLIED FOR AT ANY ONE TIME SHALL NOT EXCEED A PERIOD OF SIXTY DAYS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>THREE particulars are required<\/b> \u2014 the <b>PERIOD<\/b>, the <b>DATES<\/b> of commencement and termination, and the <b>GROUNDS<\/b>. All three are needed because the application goes to a Committee: by <b>Rule 243<\/b>, <i>\"ALL APPLICATIONS UNDER RULE 242 SHALL STAND REFERRED TO THE COMMITTEE ON ABSENCE OF MEMBERS FROM THE SITTINGS OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 242(1)<\/b> is the opening step: <i>\"A member desiring PERMISSION OF THE HOUSE to remain absent from the sittings thereof UNDER CLAUSE (4) OF ARTICLE 101 of the Constitution SHALL MAKE AN APPLICATION IN WRITING TO THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the two functionaries.<\/b> The application is made <b>TO THE SPEAKER<\/b>, but the permission sought is that <b>OF THE HOUSE<\/b> \u2014 which is why the matter goes to a Committee and then to the House, and why <b>Rule 244<\/b> provides that the Secretary-General communicates the decision to the member <i>\"AFTER A DECISION HAS BEEN SIGNIFIED BY THE HOUSE ON THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe Speaker is the addressee; the House is the grantor.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 450, part: 6, partId: 80,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 23: Leave of Absence from the Sittings of the House\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 242(2)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"An application by a member desiring permission of the House to remain absent from the sittings thereof shall specify the period for which leave of absence is required, indicating also the date of commencement and of termination of such leave and the grounds for it; and leave of absence applied for at any one time shall not exceed a period of :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"thirty days\",\r\n      \"forty-five days\",\r\n      \"sixty days\",\r\n      \"ninety days\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) sixty days.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 242(2):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that LEAVE OF ABSENCE APPLIED FOR AT ANY ONE TIME SHALL NOT EXCEED A PERIOD OF SIXTY DAYS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The figure is taken from the Constitution. Article 101(4):<\/b> <i>\"If for a period of SIXTY DAYS a member of either House of Parliament is WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE HOUSE ABSENT FROM ALL MEETINGS thereof, the House may declare his seat vacant.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two provisions are mirror images, and that is the point worth carrying:<\/b> sixty days of <b>UNPERMITTED<\/b> absence may cost a member his seat; sixty days is also the ceiling on the leave he may apply for at any one time. The rule cannot allow more, because leave beyond the constitutional period would defeat the Article.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the words \"AT ANY ONE TIME\"<\/b> \u2014 they do not bar a fresh application when the first period expires; what they bar is a single application for a longer period.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 245<\/b> then guards against leave being used as a formality: <i>\"IF A MEMBER WHO HAS BEEN GRANTED LEAVE OF ABSENCE ATTENDS THE SESSION OF THE HOUSE during the period for which the leave has been granted, THE UNEXPIRED PORTION OF THE LEAVE FROM THE DATE ON WHICH THE MEMBER RESUMED ATTENDANCE SHALL LAPSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Article 101(4)<\/b> also provides that in computing the sixty days, no account is taken of any period during which the House is <b>PROROGUED<\/b> or <b>ADJOURNED FOR MORE THAN FOUR CONSECUTIVE DAYS<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 451, part: 6, partId: 81,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 23: Leave of Absence from the Sittings of the House\", rule: \"Rule 243\",\r\n    question: \"All applications for leave of absence from the sittings of the House shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"be decided by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"stand referred to the Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House\",\r\n      \"be placed before the House on a motion by the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"be referred to the Committee of Privileges\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 243:<\/b> <i>\"ALL APPLICATIONS UNDER RULE 242 SHALL STAND REFERRED TO THE COMMITTEE ON ABSENCE OF MEMBERS FROM THE SITTINGS OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The words \"STAND REFERRED\" make the reference AUTOMATIC<\/b> \u2014 no motion, no order of the House, and no direction of the Speaker. The same technique is used in only two other places:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 169<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"Every petition shall, after presentation by a member STAND REFERRED to the Committee on Petitions.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>First proviso to Rule 110<\/b> \u2014 where a Bill is before a Select or Joint Committee, notice of a motion for its withdrawal <i>\"SHALL AUTOMATICALLY STAND REFERRED to the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the word \"ALL\"<\/b> \u2014 every application goes to the Committee, without any filtering by the Chair. That is why option (a) is wrong: the application is <b>ADDRESSED<\/b> to the Speaker under Rule 242(1), but he does not decide it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 244<\/b> completes the chain: <i>\"The SECRETARY-GENERAL shall, as soon as may be, AFTER A DECISION HAS BEEN SIGNIFIED BY THE HOUSE ON THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE in respect of an application for leave of absence, COMMUNICATE IT TO THE MEMBER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>So the sequence is: application to the SPEAKER \u2192 automatic reference to the COMMITTEE \u2192 recommendations \u2192 decision by the HOUSE \u2192 communication by the SECRETARY-GENERAL.<\/b> Four functionaries, each with one function. The Committee itself is constituted under <b>Rule 325<\/b>, which fixes its membership at a flat <b>FIFTEEN<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 452, part: 6, partId: 82,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 23: Leave of Absence from the Sittings of the House\", rule: \"Rule 244\",\r\n    question: \"The decision of the House on the recommendations of the Committee in respect of an application for leave of absence shall be communicated to the member by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"the Chairperson of the Committee\",\r\n      \"the Leader of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the Secretary-General.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 244:<\/b> <i>\"The SECRETARY-GENERAL shall, AS SOON AS MAY BE, AFTER A DECISION HAS BEEN SIGNIFIED BY THE HOUSE ON THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE in respect of an application for leave of absence, COMMUNICATE IT TO THE MEMBER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note that it is the HOUSE that decides<\/b>, not the Committee and not the Speaker. The Committee <b>RECOMMENDS<\/b>; the House <b>SIGNIFIES A DECISION<\/b>; the Secretary-General <b>COMMUNICATES<\/b> it. That tripartite division reflects <b>Article 101(4)<\/b>, which speaks of absence <i>\"WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE HOUSE\"<\/i> \u2014 so only the House can give the permission.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Secretary-General's role here is the one he plays throughout the Rules<\/b> \u2014 he communicates, and never decides. Compare the summons (Rule 3), notice of the Speaker's election (7(1)), the list of business (31(1)), lists of amendments (79(2), 177(3)), the certificates on Bills (96(2), 121(2), 137(2)), reporting the Council's messages (97, 103, 138), publishing a resignation (240(3)) and a declaration of vacancy (241(2)), and forwarding an agreed amendment to subordinate legislation to the Minister (236, 237).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 245<\/b> supplies the sting in the tail: if the member attends the session during the period of leave, <b>THE UNEXPIRED PORTION LAPSES<\/b> from the date he resumed attendance.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 453, part: 6, partId: 83,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 23: Leave of Absence from the Sittings of the House\", rule: \"Rule 245\",\r\n    question: \"Where a member who has been granted leave of absence attends the session of the House during the period for which the leave has been granted,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the leave shall stand cancelled from the date on which it was granted\",\r\n      \"the unexpired portion of the leave, from the date on which the member resumed attendance, shall lapse\",\r\n      \"the member shall apply afresh for the remaining period\",\r\n      \"the leave shall continue to be operative for the remaining period\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 245:<\/b> <i>\"IF A MEMBER WHO HAS BEEN GRANTED LEAVE OF ABSENCE UNDER THESE RULES ATTENDS THE SESSION OF THE HOUSE DURING THE PERIOD FOR WHICH THE LEAVE OF ABSENCE HAS BEEN GRANTED TO SUCH MEMBER, THE UNEXPIRED PORTION OF THE LEAVE FROM THE DATE ON WHICH THE MEMBER RESUMED ATTENDANCE SHALL LAPSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note precisely what lapses and from when.<\/b> Only the <b>UNEXPIRED PORTION<\/b> goes, and it goes <b>FROM THE DATE OF RESUMED ATTENDANCE<\/b> \u2014 not retrospectively. So the leave already taken remains good; option (a) is wrong because it cancels the leave from the beginning.<br><br>\r\n<b>The rule prevents leave from being held in reserve.<\/b> A member cannot obtain sixty days' leave, attend for part of the period, and then rely on the balance to cover a later absence. If he needs leave again he must apply again \u2014 which is what option (c) mistakes for an automatic requirement; the rule imposes no such duty, it simply extinguishes the balance.<br><br>\r\n<b>Why this matters is Article 101(4):<\/b> absence <b>WITHOUT PERMISSION<\/b> for sixty days may cost a member his seat, and the days are counted excluding periods when the House is prorogued or adjourned for more than four consecutive days. A member whose leave has lapsed under Rule 245 is, from that moment, unprotected for any further absence.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Committee on Absence of Members<\/b> is constituted under <b>Rule 325<\/b> \u2014 a flat <b>fifteen<\/b> members, one of only two Committees in Chapter XXVI not drafted as \"not more than\".`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 454, part: 6, partId: 84,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 23: Leave of Absence from the Sittings of the House\", rule: \"Rules 242 and 241\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the period of sixty days:<br>1. Leave of absence from the sittings of the House applied for at any one time shall not exceed a period of sixty days.<br>2. Where a member is, without permission of the House, absent from all meetings thereof for a period of sixty days, the House may declare the seat vacant.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 proviso to Rule 242(2):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that leave of absence applied for at any one time SHALL NOT EXCEED A PERIOD OF SIXTY DAYS.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Article 101(4):<\/b> <i>\"If for a period of SIXTY DAYS a member of either House of Parliament is WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE HOUSE ABSENT FROM ALL MEETINGS thereof, THE HOUSE MAY DECLARE HIS SEAT VACANT.\"<\/i> <b>Rule 241(1)<\/b> supplies the machinery: the declaration is made on a motion by the <b>LEADER OF THE HOUSE<\/b>, or a member to whom he delegates the function.<br><br>\r\n<b>The two sixties are the same sixty, approached from opposite ends<\/b> \u2014 and that is what ties Chapters XXII and XXIII together. Article 101(4) penalises sixty days of <b>UNPERMITTED<\/b> absence; the proviso to Rule 242(2) caps <b>PERMITTED<\/b> absence at the same figure, so that leave can never be used to outrun the Article.<br><br>\r\n<b>Article 101(4) adds a computation rule that the Rules do not repeat:<\/b> in reckoning the sixty days, <i>\"no account shall be taken of any period during which the House is PROROGUED or is ADJOURNED FOR MORE THAN FOUR CONSECUTIVE DAYS.\"<\/i> So only days on which the House could actually have been attended are counted.<br><br>\r\n<b>And Rule 245 keeps the two in step:<\/b> if a member on leave attends, the unexpired portion lapses \u2014 he cannot bank permission against a future absence.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 455, part: 6, partId: 85,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 23: Leave of Absence from the Sittings of the House\", rule: \"Rules 169, 243 and 110\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding matters which stand referred to a Committee without any motion or order:<br>1. Every petition, after presentation by a member, stands referred to the Committee on Petitions.<br>2. All applications for leave of absence stand referred to the Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House.<br>3. Notice of a motion for the withdrawal of a Bill which is under consideration by a Select Committee automatically stands referred to that Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 169<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"Every petition shall, after presentation by a member STAND REFERRED TO THE COMMITTEE ON PETITIONS.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 243<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"ALL APPLICATIONS UNDER RULE 242 SHALL STAND REFERRED TO THE COMMITTEE ON ABSENCE OF MEMBERS FROM THE SITTINGS OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>First proviso to Rule 110<\/b> \u2014 where a Bill is under consideration by a Select Committee of the House or a Joint Committee of the Houses, <i>\"NOTICE OF ANY MOTION FOR THE WITHDRAWAL OF THE BILL SHALL AUTOMATICALLY STAND REFERRED TO THE COMMITTEE, and after the Committee has expressed its opinion in a report to the House, the motion shall be set down in the list of business.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>These are the ONLY three automatic references in the book<\/b>, and they are worth holding together. Everywhere else a reference requires a positive act \u2014 a motion of the House (Rules 74, 226), or an order of the Speaker (Rules 227, 233A(2), 233B, 294, 331D).<br><br>\r\n<b>Each of the three serves a different purpose:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 169<\/b> \u2014 a petition comes from outside the House and needs examination before the House acts on it.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 243<\/b> \u2014 leave of absence is granted by the <b>HOUSE<\/b> under Article 101(4), and a Committee sifts the applications for it.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 110 proviso<\/b> \u2014 a Committee already seised of a Bill is entitled to be heard before the House allows that Bill to be abandoned.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 456, part: 6, partId: 86,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 23: Leave of Absence from the Sittings of the House\", rule: \"Rules 242\u2013245\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to leave of absence from the sittings of the House?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A member desiring permission of the House to remain absent shall make an application in writing to the Speaker\",\r\n      \"The application shall specify the period, the dates of commencement and termination, and the grounds for the leave\",\r\n      \"The application shall be decided by the Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House, whose decision shall be final\",\r\n      \"The unexpired portion of the leave shall lapse if the member resumes attendance during the period of leave\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Committee does not decide; it <b>RECOMMENDS<\/b>. <b>Rule 244:<\/b> <i>\"The Secretary-General shall, as soon as may be, AFTER A DECISION HAS BEEN SIGNIFIED BY THE HOUSE ON THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE in respect of an application for leave of absence, communicate it to the member.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>It is the HOUSE that decides<\/b>, and it must be, because <b>Article 101(4)<\/b> speaks of absence <i>\"WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE HOUSE\"<\/i>. Only the House can give what the Constitution says only the House can give.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b> <b>Rule 242(1)<\/b> (A \u2713); <b>Rule 242(2)<\/b> (B \u2713); <b>Rule 245<\/b> (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>Chapter XXIII divides the work among four hands, and that division is the substance of every question on it:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>SPEAKER<\/b> \u2014 receives the application (242(1)).<br>\r\n<b>COMMITTEE<\/b> \u2014 the application stands automatically referred to it (243), and it <b>RECOMMENDS<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>HOUSE<\/b> \u2014 <b>DECIDES<\/b>, because the permission is the House's to give (244, Article 101(4)).<br>\r\n<b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b> \u2014 <b>COMMUNICATES<\/b> the decision to the member (244).<br><br>\r\nCompare the parallel misconception about petitions: the Committee on Petitions under <b>Rule 307<\/b> examines and reports, but does not decide the petition either.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 457, part: 6, partId: 87,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 24: Communications between President and the House\", rule: \"Rule 246\",\r\n    question: \"Communications from the President to the House shall be made to the Speaker by written message signed by the President; and where the President is absent from the place of sitting of the House, the message shall be conveyed to the Speaker\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"by the Secretary to the President\",\r\n      \"through a Minister\",\r\n      \"through the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"by telegraphic communication authenticated in such manner as the Speaker may direct\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) through a Minister.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 246:<\/b> <i>\"Communications from the President to the House shall be made TO THE SPEAKER BY WRITTEN MESSAGE SIGNED BY THE PRESIDENT or, IF THE PRESIDENT IS ABSENT FROM THE PLACE OF SITTING OF THE HOUSE, THE MESSAGE SHALL BE CONVEYED TO THE SPEAKER THROUGH A MINISTER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The channel is the same one used throughout the Rules wherever the President communicates with the House<\/b>, and that consistency is the point:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 65(2)<\/b> \u2014 the President's sanction or recommendation to the introduction of a Bill is <i>\"CONVEYED THROUGH A MINISTER.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 81<\/b> \u2014 the same for an amendment.<br>\r\n<b>Rules 68 and 82<\/b> \u2014 the President's order granting or withholding sanction is communicated to the Secretary-General <b>BY THE MINISTER CONCERNED IN WRITING<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 246<\/b> \u2014 a message when the President is absent from the place of sitting.<br><br>\r\nThe principle is that the President acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers under <b>Article 74(1)<\/b>, and it is Ministers who are answerable to the House. There is no direct official channel between the President's Secretariat and the Chamber.<br><br>\r\n<b>What the House does with such a message is governed elsewhere:<\/b> <b>Rule 23<\/b> for a message under <b>Article 86(2)<\/b>, where the Speaker reads it and may <b>SUSPEND OR VARY THE RULES<\/b>; and <b>Rule 129(1)<\/b> for a Bill returned under the proviso to <b>Article 111<\/b>, where the Speaker reads it in the House or, if not in session, directs publication in the Bulletin.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 458, part: 6, partId: 88,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 24: Communications between President and the House\", rule: \"Rule 247\",\r\n    question: \"Communications from the House to the President shall be made<br>1. by formal address, after motion made and carried in the House;<br>2. through the Speaker.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 247:<\/b> <i>\"Communications from the House to the President shall be made\u2014 (i) BY FORMAL ADDRESS, AFTER MOTION MADE AND CARRIED IN THE HOUSE; and (ii) THROUGH THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two clauses are CUMULATIVE, not alternative<\/b> \u2014 the conjunction is <b>\"and\"<\/b>. Every communication from the House to the President requires <b>BOTH<\/b> a formal address carried on a motion <b>AND<\/b> transmission through the Speaker.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the asymmetry with Rule 246, which is the substance of this short chapter:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>PRESIDENT \u2192 HOUSE<\/b> \u2014 a <b>WRITTEN MESSAGE SIGNED BY THE PRESIDENT<\/b>, or, if he is absent from the place of sitting, conveyed <b>THROUGH A MINISTER<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>HOUSE \u2192 PRESIDENT<\/b> \u2014 a <b>FORMAL ADDRESS<\/b>, after a motion made and carried, <b>THROUGH THE SPEAKER<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nThe House speaks only when it has resolved to speak, and it speaks through its presiding officer. The President speaks in his own hand, or through the Executive.<br><br>\r\n<b>The best-known instance of a formal address is the MOTION OF THANKS<\/b> on the President's Address under <b>Rule 17<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"a motion of thanks to the President for the Address\"<\/i> \u2014 and <b>Article 94(c)<\/b> and <b>Article 124(4)<\/b> provide for addresses of a different kind, for the removal of the Speaker and of a Judge respectively.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 459, part: 6, partId: 89,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 24: Communications between President and the House\", rule: \"Rules 17 and 247\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. A communication from the House to the President is made by formal address, after motion made and carried in the House, and through the Speaker.<br>2. After the President has addressed both Houses assembled together at the commencement of the first session of each year, a motion of thanks to the President for the Address is moved in the House.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 247:<\/b> communications from the House to the President are made <i>\"(i) BY FORMAL ADDRESS, AFTER MOTION MADE AND CARRIED IN THE HOUSE; and (ii) THROUGH THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i> The two clauses are joined by <b>\"and\"<\/b> \u2014 both are required.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 17:<\/b> <i>\"A MOTION OF THANKS to the President for the Address\"<\/i> is moved and seconded, and the discussion under Rule 16 proceeds on it.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Motion of Thanks is the best-known instance of the formal address contemplated by Rule 247<\/b> \u2014 the House resolves, and its resolution is conveyed to the President by the Speaker. That is the practical link between Chapter V and Chapter XXIV.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Constitution provides for two other formal addresses, both of the gravest kind:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Article 94(c)<\/b> \u2014 the resolution for the removal of the Speaker or Deputy Speaker, passed by a majority of all the then members.<br>\r\n<b>Article 124(4)<\/b> \u2014 an address by both Houses to the President for the removal of a Judge of the Supreme Court, supported by a majority of the total membership of each House and by not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting.<br><br>\r\n<b>In the opposite direction, Rule 246<\/b> requires a communication from the President to be a <b>WRITTEN MESSAGE SIGNED BY HIM<\/b>, or, if he is absent from the place of sitting, conveyed to the Speaker <b>THROUGH A MINISTER<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 460, part: 6, partId: 90,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 24: Communications between President and the House\", rule: \"Rules 23, 129 and 246\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding messages from the President:<br>1. Where the President sends a message to the House with respect to a Bill pending in Parliament or otherwise, the Speaker shall read the message to the House and give necessary directions in regard to the procedure to be followed.<br>2. Where a Bill passed by the Houses is returned by the President with a message requesting reconsideration, the Speaker shall read the message in the House if in session.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 23:<\/b> where the President sends a message to the House under <b>Article 86(2)<\/b>, <i>\"THE SPEAKER SHALL READ THE MESSAGE TO THE HOUSE AND GIVE NECESSARY DIRECTIONS IN REGARD TO THE PROCEDURE that shall be followed for the consideration of the matters referred to in the message\"<\/i> \u2014 and, remarkably, <i>\"the Speaker SHALL BE EMPOWERED TO SUSPEND OR VARY THE RULES TO SUCH EXTENT AS MAY BE NECESSARY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 129(1):<\/b> where a Bill is returned by the President under the proviso to <b>Article 111<\/b>, <i>\"the SPEAKER SHALL READ THE MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT IN THE HOUSE IF IN SESSION, or if the House is not in session, DIRECT THAT IT MAY BE PUBLISHED IN THE BULLETIN.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>In both cases it is the SPEAKER who reads<\/b> \u2014 never the Secretary-General, who reports the <b>COUNCIL's<\/b> messages under Rules 97, 103 and 138. A message from the Head of State is read by the presiding officer himself.<br><br>\r\n<b>The difference between the two lies in the POWER that accompanies the reading.<\/b> Rule 23 confers a power to <b>SUSPEND OR VARY THE RULES<\/b> \u2014 one of only two places in the book where the rules can be set aside, the other being <b>Rule 388<\/b>, where the <b>HOUSE<\/b> suspends a rule on a motion. Rule 129 confers no such power, because Rules 130 to 137 already prescribe the procedure in detail.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 461, part: 6, partId: 91,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 25: Secret Sitting of the House\", rule: \"Rule 248(1)\",\r\n    question: \"A day or part of a day for a sitting of the House in secret shall be fixed by the Speaker on a request made by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Prime Minister\",\r\n      \"the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"not less than fifty members\",\r\n      \"the Minister concerned\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the Leader of the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 248(1):<\/b> <i>\"ON A REQUEST MADE BY THE LEADER OF THE HOUSE, THE SPEAKER SHALL FIX A DAY OR PART THEREOF FOR SITTING OF THE HOUSE IN SECRET.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Two features of the sub-rule are examinable.<\/b> First, the initiative lies with the <b>LEADER OF THE HOUSE<\/b> alone \u2014 no member and no group of members can require a secret sitting. Second, the Speaker's response is <b>MANDATORY<\/b> \u2014 <b>\"SHALL FIX\"<\/b> \u2014 so once the request is made he has no discretion to refuse, only to choose the day or the part of it.<br><br>\r\n<b>\"Leader of the House\" is defined in Rule 2(1)<\/b> as the Prime Minister, if he is a member of the House, or a Minister who is a member and is nominated by the Prime Minister to function as such. So option (a) is not the same thing: where the Prime Minister sits in the Rajya Sabha, the Leader of the Lok Sabha is another Minister.<br><br>\r\n<b>The constitutional source is Article 100(4):<\/b> <i>\"\u2026either House of Parliament shall have power to act notwithstanding any vacancy in the membership thereof\"<\/i> \u2014 and more directly, the practice of secret sittings rests on the House's control of its own proceedings under <b>Article 118(1)<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 248(2)<\/b> then excludes strangers: <i>\"WHEN THE HOUSE SITS IN SECRET NO STRANGER SHALL BE PERMITTED TO BE PRESENT IN THE CHAMBER, LOBBY OR GALLERIES\"<\/i> \u2014 subject to two provisos.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 462, part: 6, partId: 92,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 25: Secret Sitting of the House\", rule: \"Rule 248(2)\",\r\n    question: \"When the House sits in secret, no stranger shall be permitted to be present in the Chamber, Lobby or Galleries; but this is subject to the provisions that<br>1. members of the Council may be present in their Gallery;<br>2. persons authorised by the Speaker may be present in the Chamber, Lobby or Galleries.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 248(2):<\/b> <i>\"When the House sits in secret NO STRANGER SHALL BE PERMITTED TO BE PRESENT IN THE CHAMBER, LOBBY OR GALLERIES: Provided that MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL MAY BE PRESENT IN THEIR GALLERY: Provided further that PERSONS AUTHORISED BY THE SPEAKER MAY BE PRESENT IN THE CHAMBER, LOBBY OR GALLERIES.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>TWO exceptions, and both are needed.<\/b> Members of the Council of States are not strangers to Parliament and keep their own Gallery. And a secret sitting still needs officers to conduct it \u2014 reporters, Secretariat staff, security \u2014 so the Speaker may authorise whoever is necessary.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the three places named \u2014 CHAMBER, LOBBY OR GALLERIES.<\/b> \"Lobby\" is defined in <b>Rule 2(1)<\/b> as <i>\"the covered area immediately adjoining the Chamber and coterminous with it\"<\/i>. The same triad marks out the protected area for the purposes of Rules 232 and 233, which forbid an arrest or the service of legal process within the precincts without the Speaker's permission.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 249<\/b> then controls the record: <i>\"The Speaker MAY CAUSE A REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS of a secret sitting TO BE ISSUED IN SUCH MANNER AS THE SPEAKER THINKS FIT, but NO OTHER PERSON PRESENT SHALL KEEP A NOTE OR RECORD of any proceedings or decisions \u2026 whether in part or full, or issue any report of, or purport to describe, such proceedings.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 250:<\/b> the procedure in all other respects is in accordance with such directions as the Speaker may give.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 463, part: 6, partId: 93,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 25: Secret Sitting of the House\", rule: \"Rule 249\",\r\n    question: \"With regard to the record of the proceedings of a secret sitting of the House, which one of the following is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"No report of the proceedings may be issued by any person, including the Speaker\",\r\n      \"The Speaker may cause a report of the proceedings to be issued in such manner as he thinks fit, but no other person present shall keep a note or record of any proceedings or decisions\",\r\n      \"Every member present may keep a personal note of the proceedings for his own use\",\r\n      \"The Secretary-General shall prepare a report of the proceedings and lay it on the Table\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 249:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker MAY CAUSE A REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF A SECRET SITTING TO BE ISSUED IN SUCH MANNER AS THE SPEAKER THINKS FIT, BUT NO OTHER PERSON PRESENT SHALL KEEP A NOTE OR RECORD OF ANY PROCEEDINGS OR DECISIONS OF A SECRET SITTING, WHETHER IN PART OR FULL, OR ISSUE ANY REPORT OF, OR PURPORT TO DESCRIBE, SUCH PROCEEDINGS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The prohibition is drawn as widely as language allows<\/b>, and options (c) and (d) both fall foul of it: <b>NO OTHER PERSON<\/b> \u2014 which includes every member and the Secretary-General; <b>A NOTE OR RECORD<\/b> \u2014 not merely a published account; <b>WHETHER IN PART OR FULL<\/b>; and not only issuing a report but <b>PURPORTING TO DESCRIBE<\/b> the proceedings.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Speaker alone may authorise a record<\/b>, which is why option (a) is wrong \u2014 it makes the prohibition absolute and leaves the House with no means of recording anything.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 251<\/b> provides the route out of secrecy: <i>\"WHEN IT IS CONSIDERED THAT THE NECESSITY FOR MAINTAINING SECRECY \u2026 HAS CEASED TO EXIST and SUBJECT TO THE CONSENT OF THE SPEAKER, THE LEADER OF THE HOUSE OR ANY MEMBER SO AUTHORIZED MAY MOVE A MOTION THAT THE PROCEEDINGS \u2026 BE NO LONGER TREATED AS SECRET.\"<\/i> On adoption, the <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b> prepares a report and publishes it as the Speaker may direct.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 252:<\/b> subject to Rule 251, disclosure of the proceedings or decisions of a secret sitting by any person in any manner is a <b>GROSS BREACH OF PRIVILEGE<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 464, part: 6, partId: 94,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 25: Secret Sitting of the House\", rule: \"Rule 251\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 251 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where it is considered that the necessity for maintaining secrecy in regard to the proceedings of a secret sitting has ceased to exist, a motion that those proceedings be no longer treated as secret may, subject to the consent of the Speaker, be moved by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"any member\",\r\n      \"the Leader of the House or any member so authorised\",\r\n      \"the Minister concerned only\",\r\n      \"the Speaker himself\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the Leader of the House or any member so authorised.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 251(1):<\/b> <i>\"When it is considered that the NECESSITY FOR MAINTAINING SECRECY in regard to the proceedings of a secret sitting HAS CEASED TO EXIST and SUBJECT TO THE CONSENT OF THE SPEAKER, THE LEADER OF THE HOUSE OR ANY MEMBER SO AUTHORIZED MAY MOVE A MOTION THAT THE PROCEEDINGS IN THE HOUSE DURING A SECRET SITTING BE NO LONGER TREATED AS SECRET.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The symmetry with Rule 248(1) is the point.<\/b> The <b>LEADER OF THE HOUSE<\/b> asks for the secret sitting; the <b>LEADER OF THE HOUSE<\/b> (or a member he authorises) asks for the secrecy to be lifted. The same authority opens and closes the door \u2014 with the difference that under Rule 248(1) the Speaker <b>SHALL<\/b> fix the day, whereas here his <b>CONSENT<\/b> is required.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 251(2)<\/b> supplies what follows: <i>\"ON ADOPTION BY THE HOUSE OF THE MOTION under sub-rule (1), the SECRETARY-GENERAL SHALL CAUSE TO BE PREPARED A REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS of the secret sitting, and shall, AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE, PUBLISH IT IN SUCH FORM AND MANNER AS THE SPEAKER MAY DIRECT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the change of hands between Rules 249 and 251(2).<\/b> During secrecy only the <b>SPEAKER<\/b> may cause a report to be issued; once the House has lifted the ban, it is the <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b> who prepares and publishes it \u2014 though still in the form and manner the Speaker directs.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 252<\/b> makes any disclosure outside this procedure a <b>GROSS BREACH OF PRIVILEGE<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 465, part: 6, partId: 95,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapters XIX-XXV (Rules 204-252)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 25: Secret Sitting of the House\", rule: \"Rule 252\",\r\n    question: \"Subject to the provisions regarding the lifting of the ban on publication, disclosure of the proceedings or decisions of a secret sitting by any person in any manner shall be treated as\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a contempt of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"a gross breach of privilege of the House\",\r\n      \"a breach of the Rules of Procedure only\",\r\n      \"an offence punishable under the general law\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) a gross breach of privilege of the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 252:<\/b> <i>\"SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF RULE 251, DISCLOSURE OF PROCEEDINGS OR DECISIONS OF A SECRET SITTING BY ANY PERSON IN ANY MANNER SHALL BE TREATED AS A GROSS BREACH OF PRIVILEGE OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The expression \"GROSS BREACH OF PRIVILEGE\" appears NOWHERE ELSE in the Rules.<\/b> Elsewhere the book speaks simply of a <b>BREACH OF PRIVILEGE<\/b> \u2014 <b>Rule 222<\/b>, under which a member may with the Speaker's consent raise a question involving a breach of privilege of a member, the House or a Committee. The adjective is used once, and this is the place.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the width of the rule:<\/b> <b>BY ANY PERSON<\/b> \u2014 member, officer or stranger \u2014 and <b>IN ANY MANNER<\/b>. And note that it is expressly <b>SUBJECT TO RULE 251<\/b>: once the House has resolved that the proceedings be no longer treated as secret, and the Secretary-General has published the report as the Speaker directs, there is nothing left to disclose.<br><br>\r\n<b>The consequence is that Chapter XX is engaged:<\/b> the matter may be raised as a question of privilege under Rule 222, or referred by the Speaker to the <b>COMMITTEE OF PRIVILEGES<\/b> under <b>Rule 227<\/b> <i>\"notwithstanding anything contained in these rules\"<\/i>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The chapter's five rules in one line each:<\/b> <b>248<\/b> \u2014 the Leader of the House requests, the Speaker <b>shall<\/b> fix the day; strangers excluded, save Council members in their Gallery and persons the Speaker authorises \u00b7 <b>249<\/b> \u2014 only the <b>Speaker<\/b> may cause a report; no other person may keep even a note \u00b7 <b>250<\/b> \u2014 procedure otherwise as the Speaker directs \u00b7 <b>251<\/b> \u2014 the ban is lifted by motion, and the <b>Secretary-General<\/b> then publishes \u00b7 <b>252<\/b> \u2014 any other disclosure is a <b>gross breach of privilege<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n\r\n  \/* ======================================================================\r\n     PART 7 \u2014 Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\r\n     ====================================================================== *\/\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 466, part: 7, partId: 1,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 253\",\r\n    srcId: 210, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"In this Chapter, unless the context otherwise requires, the expression \\\"Committee\\\" means and includes\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"any Committee constituted by the House, whether Standing or Ad hoc\",\r\n      \"a Committee other than a Select or Joint Committee on a Bill\",\r\n      \"a Committee whose members are nominated by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"a Parliamentary Committee as defined in rule 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) a Parliamentary Committee as defined in rule 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 253:<\/i> \"In this Chapter, unless the context otherwise requires, 'Committee' means and includes 'Parliamentary Committee' as defined in [sub-rule] of rule 2.\"<br><br>\r\nThe definition matters because it fixes the reach of every general rule that follows. Rule 2 defines a Parliamentary Committee by four attributes, which the Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract sets out: it is appointed or elected by the House or nominated by the Speaker; it works under the DIRECTION OF THE SPEAKER; it presents its report to the House or to the Speaker; and its Secretariat is provided by the LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT.<br><br>\r\nIt is the third and fourth attributes that exclude bodies which otherwise look like committees \u2014 a departmental advisory committee serviced by a Ministry is not a Parliamentary Committee at all.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 467, part: 7, partId: 2,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 254\",\r\n    srcId: 2, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"A member appointed, elected or nominated to fill a casual vacancy in a Parliamentary Committee shall hold office for\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a fresh full term from the date of his\/her appointment\",\r\n      \"a period of one year from the date of appointment\",\r\n      \"the remainder of the financial year\",\r\n      \"the unexpired portion of the term of the member in whose place he\/she is appointed\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) The unexpired portion of the term<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 254(3): \"Casual vacancies in a Committee shall be filled by appointment or election by the House on a motion made, or nomination by the Speaker, as the case may be, and any member appointed, elected or nominated to fill such vacancy shall hold office for the unexpired portion of the term for which the member in whose place a member to fill the casual vacancy is appointed, elected or nominated would have normally held office.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe principle: the vacancy is filled in the SAME manner in which the original seat was filled (election by the House on a motion, or nomination by the Speaker), and the successor inherits only the balance of the predecessor's term \u2014 the annual cycle of the Committee is not disturbed.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 468, part: 7, partId: 3,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 255\",\r\n    srcId: 3, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"An objection is taken to a member's inclusion in a Committee on the ground of a personal, pecuniary or direct interest. Which one of the following statements is NOT correct in this regard?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The decision of the Speaker on the objection shall be final.\",\r\n      \"Until the Speaker gives the decision, the member concerned may take part in the discussion but shall not be entitled to vote.\",\r\n      \"The proceedings of the sitting of the Committee at which such member was present shall stand invalidated by the decision of the Speaker.\",\r\n      \"If the Speaker holds that the member has such an interest, the member shall cease to be a member forthwith.\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 255 (proviso): \"Provided that the proceedings of the sitting of the Committee at which such member was present shall not in any way be affected by the decision of the Speaker.\"<\/i><br>\r\nPast proceedings are expressly SAVED \u2014 they are not invalidated.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 255(d):<\/i> the Speaker, after considering the evidence tendered, gives a decision \"which shall be final.\" (A \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 255(e):<\/i> until that decision the member \"shall continue to be a member thereof if elected or nominated and take part in discussion, but shall not be entitled to vote.\" (B \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 255(f):<\/i> if the Speaker holds that the member has such an interest, \"that member shall cease to be a member thereof forthwith.\" (D \u2713)`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 469, part: 7, partId: 4,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 256\",\r\n    srcId: 54, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 256 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a Committee nominated by the Speaker shall, unless otherwise specified in the rules, hold office\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"for the period specified by the Speaker or until a new Committee is nominated\",\r\n      \"for one year from the date of its nomination in every case\",\r\n      \"until the prorogation of the House\",\r\n      \"until the expiry of the session in which it was nominated\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) for the period specified by the Speaker or until a new Committee is nominated<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 256: \"A Committee nominated by the Speaker shall, unless otherwise specified in the rules contained in this Chapter, hold office for the period specified by the Speaker or until a new Committee is nominated.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe words \"unless otherwise specified\" matter: where a special rule fixes the term \u2014 Rule 293(2), 305A(2), 316A(2), 318(2), 324(2), 325 all say \"not exceeding one year\" \u2014 that special rule governs by force of Rule 286. Rule 256 is the residuary provision, and it also ensures CONTINUITY: an existing Committee does not simply die on the expiry of a period; it holds office until its successor is nominated.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 470, part: 7, partId: 5,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 257\",\r\n    srcId: 4, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 257 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a member resigns his\/her seat on a Committee by a letter addressed to the Speaker. Consider the following statements:<br>1. Where the letter specifies a date of effect, the resignation takes effect from that specified date.<br>2. Where no date of effect is specified but the letter is dated, the resignation takes effect from the date of the letter.<br>3. Where the letter bears no date at all, the resignation takes effect from the date of receipt of the letter in the Lok Sabha Secretariat.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 257(1):<\/i> a member may resign his seat on a Committee by writing under his own hand addressed to the Speaker, in the prescribed form.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 257(2): \"The resignation shall take effect from the date of resignation specified in the letter of resignation.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 257(3): \"If the date from which the resignation should take effect is not specified in the letter, the resignation shall take effect from the date of the letter.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 257(4): \"If the letter of resignation does not bear any date, the resignation shall take effect from the date of receipt of the letter in the Lok Sabha Secretariat.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Mnemonic \u2014 descending order of certainty:<\/b> specified date \u2192 date of letter \u2192 date of receipt.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 471, part: 7, partId: 6,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 258\",\r\n    srcId: 1, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to the appointment of the Chairperson of a Parliamentary Committee?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"If the Chairperson is absent from any sitting, the Speaker shall appoint another Chairperson for that sitting.\",\r\n      \"The Chairperson is appointed by the Speaker from amongst the members of the Committee.\",\r\n      \"If the Deputy Speaker is a member of the Committee, he\/she shall be appointed as its Chairperson.\",\r\n      \"If the Chairperson is for any reason unable to act, the Speaker may appoint another Chairperson in his\/her place.\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 258(3): \"If the Chairperson is absent from any sitting, the Committee shall choose another member to act as Chairperson for that sitting.\"<\/i><br>\r\nFor a single sitting it is the COMMITTEE that chooses; the Speaker does not step in.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 258(1): \"The Chairperson of a Committee shall be appointed by the Speaker from amongst members of the Committee: Provided that the Deputy Speaker, in case is a member of the Committee, shall be appointed as Chairperson of the Committee.\"<\/i> (B \u2713 and C \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 258(2): \"If the Chairperson is for any reason unable to act, the Speaker may appoint another Chairperson in her or his place.\"<\/i> (D \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Distinction to remember:<\/b> inability to act (a continuing incapacity) \u2192 SPEAKER appoints; absence from one sitting \u2192 COMMITTEE chooses.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 472, part: 7, partId: 7,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 259\",\r\n    srcId: 146, srcSection: \"rule-recital to value\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 259(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the quorum to constitute a sitting of a Committee shall be, as near as may be :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"One-fourth of the total number of members of the Committee\",\r\n      \"One-third of the total number of members of the Committee\",\r\n      \"One-half of the total number of members of the Committee\",\r\n      \"One-tenth of the total number of members of the Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) One-third of the total number of members of the Committee<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 259(1):<\/b> <i>\"The quorum to constitute a sitting of a Committee shall be, as near as may be, one-third of the total number of members of the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe words \"as near as may be\" matter \u2014 for a Committee of 22 the quorum works out at 7, and for one of 31 at 10 or 11; the fraction is applied as closely as the whole number permits.<br><br>\r\n<b>Why option (d) is placed there:<\/b> one-tenth is the quorum of the HOUSE under <b>Article 100(3)<\/b>, not of a Committee. The Commission has already used this pair against candidates \u2014 the 2016-17 paper set a \"not correct\" question carrying both figures together.<br><br>\r\n<b>The one exception:<\/b> the quorum of the HOUSE COMMITTEE is 5 against its total strength of 12 (Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract on Parliamentary Committees), and not one-third.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 473, part: 7, partId: 8,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 260\",\r\n    srcId: 5, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"A member may be discharged from a Parliamentary Committee, on a motion moved in the House, if he\/she is absent, without the permission of the Chairperson, from\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"two or more consecutive sittings of the Committee\",\r\n      \"three or more consecutive sittings of the Committee\",\r\n      \"five or more consecutive sittings of the Committee\",\r\n      \"sittings of the Committee for a period of sixty days\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Two or more consecutive sittings<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 260: \"If a member is absent from two or more consecutive sittings of a Committee without the permission of the Chairperson, a motion may be moved in the House for the discharge of such member from the Committee.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Proviso to Rule 260:<\/i> \"where the members of the Committee are nominated by the Speaker such member may be discharged by the Speaker\" \u2014 i.e. no motion in the House is needed for a Speaker-nominated Committee.<br><br>\r\n<b>Do not confuse:<\/b> the \"sixty days\" figure in Option D belongs to ABSENCE FROM THE SITTINGS OF THE HOUSE under Article 101(4) and Rule 326(1)(ii) \u2014 an entirely different matter.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 474, part: 7, partId: 9,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 261\",\r\n    srcId: 6, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding decisions in a Committee:<br>1. All questions at any sitting of a Committee are determined by a majority of votes of the members present and voting.<br>2. In the case of an equality of votes, the Chairperson or the person acting as such shall have a second or casting vote.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 261: \"All questions at any sitting of a Committee shall be determined by a majority of votes of the members present and voting.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 262: \"In the case of an equality of votes on any matter, the Chairperson or the person acting as such, shall have a second or casting vote.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the difference from the House:<\/b> under Article 100(1) the Speaker does NOT vote in the first instance and has only a casting vote. In a Committee the Chairperson votes as an ordinary member AND has a casting vote in addition \u2014 hence the words \"a second or casting vote\", which extend to any member \"acting as such\" under Rule 258(2) or 258(3).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 475, part: 7, partId: 10,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 262\",\r\n    srcId: 230, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to the powers exercisable by the Speaker under Chapter XXVI relating to Parliamentary Committees?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Where an objection is taken to a member's inclusion in a Committee on the ground of interest, the decision of the Speaker shall be final\",\r\n      \"Where a question arises whether the evidence of a person or the production of a document is relevant for the purposes of a Committee, the decision of the Speaker shall be final\",\r\n      \"Where the Chairperson refers a doubtful point of procedure to the Speaker, the decision of the Speaker shall be final\",\r\n      \"Where a Committee is equally divided on any question, the Speaker shall give a casting vote\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 262: \"In the case of an equality of votes on any matter, the CHAIRPERSON or the person acting as such, shall have a second or casting vote.\"<\/i> The casting vote in a Committee belongs to its Chairperson, never to the Speaker.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct, and are worth learning as a set \u2014 the four \"final\" decisions of the Speaker in this Chapter:<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 255(d)<\/i> \u2014 on an objection to membership on the ground of interest (A \u2713);<br>\r\n<i>Proviso to Rule 270<\/i> \u2014 on the relevance of evidence or of a document (B \u2713);<br>\r\n<i>Rule 283(2)<\/i> \u2014 on a point of procedure referred by the Chairperson (C \u2713);<br>\r\n<i>Rule 267<\/i> \u2014 on a change of the place of sitting to outside the Parliament House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 476, part: 7, partId: 11,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 263\",\r\n    srcId: 190, srcSection: \"rule-recital to value\",\r\n    question: \"The reports of a sub-Committee appointed by a Committee shall be deemed to be the reports of the whole Committee :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"As soon as they are signed by the Chairperson of the sub-Committee\",\r\n      \"If they are approved at a sitting of the whole Committee\",\r\n      \"If they are approved by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"In every case, the sub-Committee having the powers of the undivided Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) If they are approved at a sitting of the whole Committee<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 263(1):<\/b> <i>\"A Committee may appoint one or more sub-Committees, each having the powers of the undivided Committee, to examine any matters that may be referred to them and the reports of such sub-committees shall be deemed to be the reports of the whole Committee, if they are approved at a sitting of the whole Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOption (d) states a true proposition \u2014 a sub-Committee does have the powers of the undivided Committee \u2014 but draws the wrong conclusion from it: the inheritance of POWERS does not dispense with the requirement of APPROVAL of the report by the whole Committee in sitting.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 263(2):<\/b> <i>\"The order of reference to a sub-Committee shall clearly state the point or points for investigation.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 477, part: 7, partId: 12,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 264\",\r\n    srcId: 58, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"The Chairperson of a Select Committee on a Bill is not readily available to fix the date and time of a sitting. In that situation, the date and time shall be fixed by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker, on a reference made by any member of the Committee\",\r\n      \"the member of the Committee chosen to act as Chairperson for that sitting\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Minister concerned with the Bill\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Minister concerned with the Bill<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 264 (second proviso): \"Provided further that in the case of Select Committee on a Bill, if the Chairperson of the Committee is not readily available, the Secretary-General may, in consultation with the Minister concerned with the Bill, fix the date and time of a sitting.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the general rule:<\/b> for Committees at large, the first proviso to Rule 264 lets the Secretary-General fix the date and time on his own, with no consultation. The added consultation for a Select Committee reflects the fact that the Bill is being carried by the Minister in charge and its timetable is tied to the legislative programme.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 478, part: 7, partId: 13,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 265\",\r\n    srcId: 59, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"A Parliamentary Committee is sitting while the House is also sitting, and a division is called in the House. In such a case,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Chairperson of the Committee shall suspend the proceedings of the Committee for such time as will enable the members to vote in the division\",\r\n      \"the sitting of the Committee shall stand adjourned to the next day\",\r\n      \"the proceedings of the Committee shall continue, and the members shall be deemed to have abstained\",\r\n      \"the Committee shall proceed only if a quorum remains after the members leave to vote\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 265: \"A Committee may sit whilst the House is sitting provided that on a division being called in the House, the Chairperson of the Committee shall suspend the proceedings in the Committee for such time as will in the opinion of the Chairperson, enable the members to vote in a division.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule protects the member's primary right and duty \u2014 to record his vote in the House. Note that the sitting is SUSPENDED (and resumes), not adjourned; adjournment for want of quorum is dealt with separately by Rule 259(2).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 479, part: 7, partId: 14,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 267\",\r\n    srcId: 47, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"It becomes necessary to change the place of sitting of a Parliamentary Committee to a place outside the Parliament House. In such a case,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Chairperson of the Committee may fix any convenient place\",\r\n      \"the matter shall be referred to the Speaker, whose decision shall be final\",\r\n      \"the Committee may decide the question by a majority of votes of the members present and voting\",\r\n      \"the sitting must be postponed until the precincts of the Parliament House are available\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the matter shall be referred to the Speaker, whose decision shall be final<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 267:<\/i> the sittings of a Committee shall be held within the precincts of the Parliament House, and if it becomes necessary to change the place of sitting outside the Parliament House, \"the matter shall be referred to the Speaker whose decision shall be final.\"<br><br>\r\nRead with <i>Rule 266<\/i> \u2014 \"The sittings of a Committee shall be held in private\" \u2014 and <i>Rule 268<\/i>, under which all persons other than members of the Committee and officers of the Lok Sabha Secretariat withdraw whenever the Committee is deliberating.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Departmentally Related Standing Committees are on a different footing.<\/b> Under <i>Rule 331K<\/i> they shall not sit in any place except the precincts of Parliament House \"unless otherwise specifically permitted by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker, AS THE CASE MAY BE\" \u2014 permission there comes from whichever Presiding Officer has administrative control of the Committee.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 480, part: 7, partId: 15,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 268\",\r\n    srcId: 8, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to the sittings of a Parliamentary Committee?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The sittings of a Committee shall be held in private.\",\r\n      \"The sittings shall be held within the precincts of the Parliament House, and any change of place to outside the Parliament House is referred to the Speaker, whose decision is final.\",\r\n      \"When the Committee is deliberating, all persons other than the members of the Committee and officers of the Lok Sabha Secretariat shall withdraw.\",\r\n      \"Accredited press correspondents are entitled to be present while the Committee is deliberating.\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 268: \"All persons other than members of the Committee and officers of the Lok Sabha Secretariat shall withdraw whenever the Committee is deliberating.\"<\/i><br>\r\nPress correspondents are \"strangers\" for this purpose and must withdraw; there is no accreditation exception.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 266: \"The sittings of a Committee shall be held in private.\"<\/i> (A \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 267:<\/i> sittings are held within the precincts of the Parliament House and, if it becomes necessary to change the place of sitting to outside the Parliament House, the matter is referred to the Speaker whose decision shall be final. (B \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 268<\/i> itself. (C \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Related:<\/b> <i>Rule 265<\/i> \u2014 a Committee may sit while the House is sitting, but on a division being called in the House the Chairperson shall suspend the proceedings of the Committee for such time as will enable the members to vote.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 481, part: 7, partId: 16,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 269\",\r\n    srcId: 9, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding witnesses and documents before a Parliamentary Committee:<br>1. A witness may be summoned by an order signed by the Secretary-General.<br>2. The Government may decline to produce a document on the ground that its disclosure would be prejudicial to the safety or interest of the State.<br>3. A verbatim record of the proceedings of the Committee shall be kept whenever a witness is summoned to give evidence.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 269(1): \"A witness may be summoned by an order signed by the Secretary-General and shall produce such documents as are required for the use of a Committee.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 270 (second proviso): \"Provided further that Government may decline to produce a document on the ground that its disclosure would be prejudicial to the safety or interest of the State.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 273(v): \"A verbatim record of proceedings of the Committee shall, when a witness is summoned to give evidence, be kept.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Also under Rule 270 (first proviso):<\/b> if a question arises whether the evidence of a person or the production of a document is relevant for the purposes of the Committee, the question is referred to the Speaker, whose decision shall be final.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 482, part: 7, partId: 17,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 270\",\r\n    srcId: 60, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding documents and evidence before a Parliamentary Committee:<br>1. If a question arises whether the evidence of a person or the production of a document is relevant for the purposes of the Committee, the question shall be referred to the Speaker, whose decision shall be final.<br>2. No document submitted to the Committee shall be withdrawn or altered without the knowledge and approval of the Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 270 (first proviso): \"Provided that if any question arises whether the evidence of a person or the production of a document is relevant for the purposes of the Committee, the question shall be referred to the Speaker whose decision shall be final.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 269(3): \"No document submitted to the Committee shall be withdrawn or altered without the knowledge and approval of the Committee.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\nRead these with <i>Rule 269(2)<\/i> (evidence and documents before the Committee are treated as confidential) and the SECOND proviso to Rule 270 (Government may decline to produce a document on the ground that disclosure would be prejudicial to the safety or interest of the State). The relevance question goes to the SPEAKER \u2014 not to the Committee itself and not to the Government.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 483, part: 7, partId: 18,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 271\",\r\n    srcId: 61, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"With reference to the appearance of a witness before a Parliamentary Committee, which one of the following statements is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A witness has an absolute right to appear through a counsel of his own choosing\",\r\n      \"A Committee may, under the direction of the Speaker, permit a witness to be heard by a counsel appointed by the witness and approved by the Committee\",\r\n      \"A counsel may be permitted only if the Government so requests\",\r\n      \"A witness may never be heard through a counsel, since the sittings are held in private\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 271: \"A Committee may, under the direction of the Speaker, permit a witness to be heard by a counsel appointed by the witness and approved by the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThree cumulative conditions are built into the rule and each is a potential distractor: (i) the Committee's PERMISSION, (ii) exercised UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SPEAKER, and (iii) counsel appointed by the witness but APPROVED BY THE COMMITTEE. There is thus no absolute right to counsel, but neither is representation barred.<br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 272(1):<\/i> a Committee may administer an oath or affirmation to a witness examined before it, in the form set out in Rule 272(2).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 484, part: 7, partId: 19,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 272\",\r\n    srcId: 212, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"The form of the oath or affirmation which a Committee may administer to a witness examined before it requires the witness to swear or affirm that the evidence he shall give shall be true, that he will conceal nothing, and that\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"he has no personal interest in the matter under examination\",\r\n      \"no part of his evidence shall be false\",\r\n      \"he will not disclose the proceedings of the Committee\",\r\n      \"he will produce every document required of him\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) no part of his evidence shall be false<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 272(1):<\/i> a Committee may administer an oath or affirmation to a witness examined before it.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 272(2)<\/i> prescribes the form: <i>\"I, A.B., do swear in the name of God \/ solemnly affirm that the evidence which I shall give in this case shall be true, that I will conceal nothing, and that no part of my evidence shall be false.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe three limbs are cumulative and each covers a different failing \u2014 falsehood in what is said, suppression of what should be said, and falsity in any part of the evidence taken as a whole. The option of swearing \"in the name of God\" or \"solemnly affirming\" follows the pattern of the oath under Article 99 and the Third Schedule.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 485, part: 7, partId: 20,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 273\",\r\n    srcId: 192, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 273 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, in the examination of a witness before a Parliamentary Committee, who examines the witness first?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Any member of the Committee whom the Committee may depute\",\r\n      \"The Chairperson, with reference to the subject-matter under consideration or any matter connected therewith\",\r\n      \"The Secretary-General, on behalf of the Committee\",\r\n      \"The member on whose request the witness has been summoned\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) The Chairperson<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 273(ii):<\/i> the Chairperson examines the witness, so far as is considered necessary, \"with reference to the subject-matter under consideration or any matter connected therewith\" and according to the mode of procedure decided under clause (i).<br>\r\n<i>Rule 273(iii): \"The Chairperson may call other members of the Committee one by one to ask any other questions.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe sequence under Rule 273 is therefore fixed: <b>(i)<\/b> the Committee decides the mode of procedure and the nature of questions BEFORE the witness is called \u2192 <b>(ii)<\/b> the Chairperson examines \u2192 <b>(iii)<\/b> other members, one by one, as called by the Chairperson \u2192 <b>(iv)<\/b> the witness may be asked to place any other relevant points not covered.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 486, part: 7, partId: 21,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 274\",\r\n    srcId: 63, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 274 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a record of the decisions of a Parliamentary Committee shall be maintained and circulated to the members of the Committee\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"under the direction of the Chairperson\",\r\n      \"under the direction of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"by the Secretary-General on his own motion\",\r\n      \"only after the report of the Committee has been presented to the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) under the direction of the Chairperson<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 274: \"A record of the decisions of a Committee shall be maintained and circulated to members of the Committee under the direction of the Chairperson.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis internal record is distinct from (i) the verbatim record of evidence kept under Rule 273(v), and (ii) the REPORT presented under Rule 279. It is also the provision behind the settled position that the MINUTES of the Business Advisory Committee are not laid on the Table \u2014 only its report is (Rule 289).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 487, part: 7, partId: 22,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 275\",\r\n    srcId: 64, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the evidence tendered before a Parliamentary Committee:<br>1. A Committee may direct that the whole or a part of the evidence, or a summary thereof, may be laid on the Table.<br>2. No part of the evidence which has not been laid on the Table shall be open to inspection by anyone except under the authority of the Speaker.<br>3. The evidence given before a Committee may be published by a member of the Committee once the Committee has adopted its report, even if the evidence has not been laid on the Table.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 275(1): \"A Committee may direct that the whole or a part of the evidence or a summary thereof may be laid on the Table.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 275(2): \"No part of the evidence, oral or written, report or proceedings of the Committee which has not been laid on the Table shall be open to inspection by any one except under the authority of the Speaker.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 275(3): \"The evidence given before a Committee shall not be published by any member of the Committee or by any other person until it has been laid on the Table.\"<\/i> The adoption of the report is irrelevant; the trigger is the LAYING ON THE TABLE. The proviso allows only one relaxation \u2014 the Speaker may direct that such evidence be confidentially made available to members before it is formally laid on the Table.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 488, part: 7, partId: 23,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 276\",\r\n    srcId: 10, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is correct with regard to a special report of a Parliamentary Committee?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A Committee may make a special report only on matters that fall squarely within its terms of reference.\",\r\n      \"A Committee may make a special report on a matter arising in the course of its work even though the matter does not fall within, or is not incidental to, its terms of reference.\",\r\n      \"A special report can be made only with the prior approval of the House.\",\r\n      \"A special report can be made only after the final report has been presented.\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 276: \"A Committee may, if it thinks fit, make a special report on any matter that arises or comes to light in the course of its work which it may consider necessary to bring to the notice of the Speaker or the House, notwithstanding that such matter is not directly connected with, or does not fall within or is not incidental to, its terms of reference.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThree points the rule settles: (i) the matter must arise or come to light IN THE COURSE OF ITS WORK; (ii) the terms of reference are no bar; (iii) the report may be addressed to the Speaker OR the House. No prior approval of the House is required, and it is independent of the final report.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 489, part: 7, partId: 24,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 277\",\r\n    srcId: 149, srcSection: \"rule-recital to value\",\r\n    question: \"Where the House has not fixed any time for the presentation of a report by a Committee, within what period of the date on which reference to the Committee was made shall the report be presented?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Within fifteen days\",\r\n      \"Within one month\",\r\n      \"Within two months\",\r\n      \"Within three months\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Within one month<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 277(1):<\/b> <i>\"Where the House has not fixed any time for the presentation of a report by a Committee the report shall be presented within one month of the date on which reference to the Committee was made: Provided that the House may at any time, on a motion being made, direct that the time for the presentation of the report by the Committee be extended to a date specified in the motion.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) is the deliberate near-miss<\/b> \u2014 three months is the period for a SELECT COMMITTEE ON A BILL under the proviso to Rule 303(1), running from the date on which the House adopted the motion for the reference of the Bill. Being a special rule, it prevails over the general one-month rule by force of Rule 286.<br><br>\r\n<b>One month = Committees generally. Three months = Select Committee on a Bill.<\/b>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 490, part: 7, partId: 25,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 278\",\r\n    srcId: 66, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is correct regarding a completed part of the report of a Parliamentary Committee?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A Committee may, if it thinks fit, make it available to Government before presentation to the House, and it shall be treated as confidential until presented\",\r\n      \"It cannot be made available to anyone before the report is presented to the House\",\r\n      \"It may be made available to Government only with the prior approval of the House\",\r\n      \"It may be released to the press with the permission of the Chairperson\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 278: \"A Committee may, if it thinks fit, make available to Government any completed part of its report before presentation to the House. Such reports shall be treated as confidential until presented to the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule is a practical one \u2014 it lets the executive begin acting on the Committee's conclusions without waiting for the formal presentation \u2014 but it is hedged by an express obligation of confidentiality. No approval of the House is needed, and the concession runs only in favour of GOVERNMENT, never the press.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 491, part: 7, partId: 26,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 279\",\r\n    srcId: 67, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 279 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, while presenting the report of a Parliamentary Committee to the House, the Chairperson (or the member presenting it)\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"may make a speech explaining the recommendations, followed by a short debate\",\r\n      \"shall, if any remarks are made, confine them to a brief statement of fact, and there shall be no debate on that statement at that stage\",\r\n      \"shall move that the report be taken into consideration immediately\",\r\n      \"shall read out the recommendations of the Committee in full\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 279(2): \"In presenting the report the Chairperson or, in the absence of the Chairperson, the member presenting the report shall, if makes any remarks, confine to a brief statement of fact, but there shall be no debate on that statement at this stage.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nPresentation is a formal act, not an occasion for debate. Debate comes later, and only where the special rules provide for it \u2014 for example on a motion that the report of the Committee of Privileges be taken into consideration, where the Speaker may permit a debate not exceeding half an hour (Rule 315(2)), or on a motion relating to the BAC report, limited to half an hour with five minutes per member (Rule 290).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 492, part: 7, partId: 27,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 280\",\r\n    srcId: 213, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 280 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the Speaker may order the printing, publication or circulation of a report of a Committee although it has not been presented to the House. Consider the following statements in this regard:<br>1. In such a case the report shall be presented to the House during its next session at the first convenient opportunity.<br>2. A Committee may, if it thinks fit, make available to Government any completed part of its report before presentation to the House, such report being treated as confidential until presented.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 280:<\/i> the Speaker may order the printing, publication or circulation of a report of a Committee although it has not been presented to the House; \"In that case the report shall be presented to the House during its next session at the first convenient opportunity.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 278:<\/i> \"A Committee may, if it thinks fit, make available to Government any completed part of its report before presentation to the House. Such reports shall be treated as confidential until presented to the House.\" (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\nBoth rules relax the ordinary sequence \u2014 report \u2192 presentation \u2192 publication \u2014 but for different reasons. Rule 280 stops a Committee's work being held hostage to the parliamentary calendar during a long intersession; Rule 278 lets the executive begin acting on conclusions already reached. Neither dispenses with eventual presentation to the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 493, part: 7, partId: 28,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 281\",\r\n    srcId: 214, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 281 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a Committee passes a resolution on a matter of procedure relating to that Committee. Such a resolution is\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"binding on the Committee from the date it is passed\",\r\n      \"for the consideration of the Speaker, who may make such variations in procedure as he may consider necessary\",\r\n      \"required to be laid on the Table of the House before it takes effect\",\r\n      \"required to be approved by the Rules Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 281: \"A Committee shall have power to pass resolutions on matters of procedure relating to that Committee for the consideration of the Speaker who may make such variations in procedure as the Speaker may consider necessary.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nA Committee may therefore PROPOSE a change in its own procedure, but the change is effected by the Speaker, not by the Committee.<br><br>\r\n<b>The companion power is Rule 282:<\/b> \"A Committee may with the approval of the Speaker make detailed rules of procedure to supplement the provisions contained in the rules in this Chapter.\" Here too the Speaker's approval is the operative act. Together with <i>Rule 283<\/i> \u2014 directions to the Chairperson, and reference of doubtful points to the Speaker whose decision shall be final \u2014 these rules keep the whole Committee system under the Speaker's superintendence.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 494, part: 7, partId: 29,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 283\",\r\n    srcId: 95, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the direction and control of Parliamentary Committees by the Speaker:<br>1. The Speaker may from time to time issue such directions to the Chairperson of a Committee as he considers necessary, for regulating the procedure and the organisation of its work.<br>2. If any doubt arises on any point of procedure or otherwise, the Chairperson may, if he thinks fit, refer the point to the Speaker, whose decision shall be final.<br>3. Where it becomes necessary to change the place of sitting of a Committee to outside the Parliament House, the matter shall be referred to the Speaker, whose decision shall be final.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 283(1):<\/i> \"The Speaker may from time to time issue such directions to the Chairperson of a Committee as the Speaker considers necessary, for regulating the procedure and the organisation of its work.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 283(2):<\/i> \"If any doubt arises on any point of procedure or otherwise, the Chairperson may if thinks fit refer the point to the Speaker whose decision shall be final.\" (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 267:<\/i> the sittings are held within the precincts of the Parliament House, and if it becomes necessary to change the place of sitting outside the Parliament House, \"the matter shall be referred to the Speaker whose decision shall be final.\" (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\nChapter XXVI vests a series of FINAL decisions in the Speaker \u2014 on membership objections (255(d)), on the relevance of evidence or documents (proviso to 270), on venue (267), and on points of procedure (283(2)). This is the textual basis for the settled answer that it is the Speaker who directs and controls the Committee system of the Lok Sabha.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 495, part: 7, partId: 30,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 284\",\r\n    srcId: 11, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. Business pending before a Committee shall not lapse by reason only of the prorogation of the House.<br>2. A Committee unable to complete its work before the dissolution of the House may report that fact to the House, and its material is made available to the new Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 284: \"Any business pending before a Committee shall not lapse by reason only of the prorogation of the House and the Committee shall continue to function notwithstanding such prorogation.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 285: \"A Committee which is unable to complete its work before the expiration of its term or before the dissolution of the House may report to the House that the Committee has not been able to complete its work. Any preliminary report, memorandum or note that the Committee may have prepared or any evidence that the Committee may have taken shall be made available to the new Committee.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>The distinction to hold on to:<\/b> PROROGATION does not kill pending business (Rule 284); DISSOLUTION (or expiry of the term) does end the Committee, and Rule 285 provides only for continuity of MATERIAL, not of the business itself.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 496, part: 7, partId: 31,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 285\",\r\n    srcId: 99, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding a Committee that is unable to complete its work:<br>1. It may report to the House that it has not been able to complete its work.<br>2. Any preliminary report, memorandum or note that the Committee may have prepared, or any evidence that it may have taken, shall be made available to the new Committee.<br>3. This provision applies only where the House is dissolved, and not where the term of the Committee expires.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 285: \"A Committee which is unable to complete its work before the expiration of its term or before the dissolution of the House may report to the House that the Committee has not been able to complete its work. Any preliminary report, memorandum or note that the Committee may have prepared or any evidence that the Committee may have taken shall be made available to the new Committee.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713 and 2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b> \u2014 the rule covers BOTH situations expressly: \"before the expiration of its term OR before the dissolution of the House.\" Given the standard one-year term across the Chapter, expiry of term is in fact the commoner occasion for its use.<br><br>\r\nDistinguish <i>Rule 284<\/i>, which protects pending business against PROROGATION only \u2014 there the Committee continues to function and nothing lapses.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 497, part: 7, partId: 32,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees \u2014 General Rules (253-286)\", rule: \"Rule 286\",\r\n    srcId: 12, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Where a provision in the special rules relating to a particular Committee is inconsistent with the general rules applicable to Parliamentary Committees,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the general rules shall prevail\",\r\n      \"the Speaker shall decide in each case which shall prevail\",\r\n      \"the inconsistent provision shall be void\",\r\n      \"the special rules relating to that Committee shall prevail\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) The special rules shall prevail<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 286: \"...the general rules in this Chapter shall apply to all Committees; and if and so far as any provision in the special rules relating to a Committee is inconsistent with the general rules, the former rules shall prevail.\"<\/i><br>\r\n(\"the former rules\" = the SPECIAL rules relating to that Committee.)<br><br>\r\n<b>Illustration:<\/b> the general rule on presentation of a report is one month (Rule 277(1)); for a Select Committee on a Bill the special rule gives three months (proviso to Rule 303(1)) \u2014 and the special rule governs.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 498, part: 7, partId: 33,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Business Advisory Committee (287-291)\", rule: \"Rule 287\",\r\n    srcId: 151, srcSection: \"rule-recital to value\",\r\n    question: \"At the commencement of the House or from time to time, as the case may be, the Speaker may nominate a Committee called the Business Advisory Committee consisting of not more than how many members, including the Speaker who shall be the Chairperson of the Committee?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Twelve members\",\r\n      \"Twenty members\",\r\n      \"Fifteen members\",\r\n      \"Twenty-two members\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Fifteen members<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 287:<\/b> <i>\"At the commencement of the House or from time to time, as the case may be, the Speaker may nominate a Committee called the Business Advisory Committee consisting of not more than fifteen members including the Speaker who shall be the Chairperson of the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo things are packed into the same clause, and either can be the value asked for: the ceiling of FIFTEEN, and the word INCLUDING \u2014 the Speaker is counted within the fifteen, not over and above it.<br><br>\r\nFifteen is the commonest strength in this Chapter. It is the figure for the BAC (287), Private Members' Bills and Resolutions (293(1)), Papers Laid on the Table (305A(1)), Petitions (306, as a floor), Privileges (313), Ethics (316A(1)), Subordinate Legislation (318(1)), Government Assurances (324(1)), Absence of Members (325) and the Rules Committee (330).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 499, part: 7, partId: 34,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Business Advisory Committee (287-291)\", rule: \"Rule 288\",\r\n    srcId: 13, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the working of the Business Advisory Committee of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. It may indicate in the proposed time-table the different hours at which the various stages of a Bill or other business shall be completed.<br>2. Once approved by the House, the allocation of time takes effect as if it were an order of the House and is notified in the Bulletin.<br>3. After the allocation of time has taken effect, the Speaker may, without any motion being moved, increase the time by a period not exceeding one hour after taking the sense of the House.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 288(2): \"The Committee shall have the power to indicate in the proposed time-table the different hours at which the various stages of the Bill or other business shall be completed.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 290A: \"The allocation of time in respect of Bills and other business as approved by the House shall take effect as if it were an order of the House and shall be notified in the Bulletin.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 292: \"No variation in the Allocation of Time Order shall be made except on a motion made, with the consent of the Speaker, and accepted by the House: Provided that the Speaker may, after taking the sense of the House, increase the time, not exceeding one hour, without any motion being moved.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Related:<\/b> <i>Rule 291<\/i> \u2014 at the appointed hour under the Allocation of Time Order, the Speaker shall FORTHWITH put every question necessary to dispose of all outstanding matters at that stage (the \"guillotine\").<br>\r\n<b>Explanation to Rule 288:<\/b> \"other business\" excludes private members' Bills under rule 65 and private members' resolutions under rule 170 \u2014 those are dealt with by the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 500, part: 7, partId: 35,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Business Advisory Committee (287-291)\", rule: \"Rule 289\",\r\n    srcId: 216, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"The recommendations of the Business Advisory Committee shall be presented to the House\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in the form of a statement by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"in the form of a report\",\r\n      \"by way of an entry in the Bulletin\",\r\n      \"by a motion moved by the Leader of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) in the form of a report<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 289: \"The recommendations of the Committee shall be presented to the House in the form of a report.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis single sentence is the basis of the settled PYQ answer that the MINUTES of the Business Advisory Committee are NOT laid on the Table of the House \u2014 what comes before the House is the report, and nothing else. The Committee works by consensus and informal discussion, and its internal record of decisions is maintained and circulated to its own members under the direction of the Chairperson (Rule 274), not published.<br><br>\r\nWhat follows the report is set out in <i>Rule 290<\/i> \u2014 a motion that the House agrees, agrees with amendments, or disagrees; an amendment to refer the report back; half an hour for the discussion; five minutes per member.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 501, part: 7, partId: 36,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Business Advisory Committee (287-291)\", rule: \"Rule 290\",\r\n    srcId: 152, srcSection: \"rule-recital to value\",\r\n    question: \"On a motion that the House agrees, or agrees with amendments, or disagrees with the report of the Business Advisory Committee, not more than what time shall be allotted for the discussion of the motion?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not more than fifteen minutes\",\r\n      \"Not more than half an hour\",\r\n      \"Not more than one hour\",\r\n      \"Not more than two hours\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Not more than half an hour<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 290:<\/b> <i>\"Provided further that not more than half an hour shall be allotted for the discussion of the motion and no member shall speak for more than five minutes on such motion.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule carries TWO values in one breath \u2014 half an hour for the whole discussion, and five minutes per member \u2014 so either may be asked. <b>Rule 295<\/b> lays down an identical scheme for the report of the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions.<br><br>\r\nHalf an hour recurs elsewhere in the Chapter: under <b>Rule 315(2)<\/b> the Speaker may permit a debate not exceeding half an hour on the motion that the report of the Committee of Privileges be taken into consideration, and <b>Rule 316E(2)<\/b> makes the same provision for the Committee on Ethics.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 502, part: 7, partId: 37,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Business Advisory Committee (287-291)\", rule: \"Rule 290A\",\r\n    srcId: 217, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 290A of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the allocation of time in respect of Bills and other business, as approved by the House on the report of the Business Advisory Committee,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"takes effect as if it were an order of the House and is notified in the Bulletin\",\r\n      \"takes effect only after publication in the Gazette\",\r\n      \"operates as a recommendation which the Speaker may vary at his discretion\",\r\n      \"requires a fresh motion on each day to which it applies\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) takes effect as if it were an order of the House and is notified in the Bulletin<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 290A: \"The allocation of time in respect of Bills and other business as approved by the House shall take effect as if it were an order of the House and shall be notified in the Bulletin.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo consequences follow from its being an ORDER OF THE HOUSE. First, <i>Rule 291<\/i>: at the appointed hour the Speaker shall FORTHWITH put every question necessary to dispose of all the outstanding matters in connection with that stage \u2014 the guillotine, which operates automatically. Second, <i>Rule 292<\/i>: no variation may be made except on a motion made with the consent of the Speaker and accepted by the House, save that the Speaker may, after taking the sense of the House, increase the time by not more than one hour without any motion.<br><br>\r\nNote the vehicle of publication \u2014 the <b>BULLETIN<\/b>, not the Gazette. The Gazette is where a Select Committee's report and the Bill as reported by it are published (Rule 305), and where an Order under Rule 319 is published.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 503, part: 7, partId: 38,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Business Advisory Committee (287-291)\", rule: \"Rule 291\",\r\n    srcId: 71, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"At the appointed hour fixed in accordance with the Allocation of Time Order for the completion of a particular stage of a Bill or other business, the Speaker shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"adjourn the House to the next day\",\r\n      \"forthwith put every question necessary to dispose of all the outstanding matters in connection with that stage of the Bill or other business\",\r\n      \"refer the unfinished business back to the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n      \"extend the time by one hour without any motion being moved\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 291: \"At the appointed hour, in accordance with the Allocation of Time Order for the completion of a particular stage of a Bill or other business, the Speaker shall forthwith put every question necessary to dispose of all the outstanding matters in connection with that stage of the Bill or other business.\"<\/i> This is the device popularly called the \"guillotine\".<br><br>\r\nOption D describes a different and earlier power: under the proviso to <i>Rule 292<\/i>, the Speaker may, after taking the sense of the House, increase the time by not more than one hour without any motion being moved. Any other variation in the Allocation of Time Order requires a motion made with the Speaker's consent and accepted by the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 504, part: 7, partId: 39,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Cttee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions (292-297)\", rule: \"Rule 292\",\r\n    srcId: 154, srcSection: \"rule-recital to value\",\r\n    question: \"No variation in the Allocation of Time Order shall be made except on a motion made with the consent of the Speaker and accepted by the House. However, the Speaker may, after taking the sense of the House, increase the time without any motion being moved, by a period not exceeding :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Half an hour\",\r\n      \"Three hours\",\r\n      \"Two hours\",\r\n      \"One hour\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) One hour<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 292:<\/b> <i>\"No variation in the Allocation of Time Order shall be made except on a motion made, with the consent of the Speaker, and accepted by the House: Provided that the Speaker may, after taking the sense of the House, increase the time, not exceeding one hour, without any motion being moved.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe proviso is a narrow relieving power, and the question turns on its two limits: the increase must not exceed ONE HOUR, and it may be made only \"after taking the sense of the House\".<br><br>\r\n<b>Related:<\/b> <b>Rule 290A<\/b> \u2014 the allocation of time as approved by the House takes effect as if it were an order of the House and is notified in the Bulletin; <b>Rule 291<\/b> \u2014 at the appointed hour the Speaker shall forthwith put every question necessary to dispose of all outstanding matters at that stage (the guillotine).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 505, part: 7, partId: 40,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Cttee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions (292-297)\", rule: \"Rule 293\",\r\n    srcId: 37, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions consists of not more than\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"fifteen members\",\r\n      \"twenty-two members\",\r\n      \"thirty members\",\r\n      \"ten members\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) fifteen members<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 293(1): \"There shall be a Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions consisting of not more than fifteen members.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Rule 293(2):<\/i> the Committee is nominated by the Speaker and holds office for a term not exceeding one year. The Deputy Speaker, being invariably a member, becomes its Chairperson under the proviso to Rule 258(1).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 506, part: 7, partId: 41,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Cttee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions (292-297)\", rule: \"Rule 294\",\r\n    srcId: 156, srcSection: \"rule-recital to value\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 294 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions examines private members' Bills after their introduction and classifies them, according to their nature, urgency and importance, into how many categories?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Two categories, namely category A and category B\",\r\n      \"Three categories, namely categories A, B and C\",\r\n      \"Four categories, namely categories A, B, C and D\",\r\n      \"No fixed number of categories, as the Speaker may direct\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Two categories, namely category A and category B<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 294(1)(b):<\/b> the Committee examines private members' Bills after introduction and before they come up for consideration in the House \"and to classify them according to their nature, urgency and importance into two categories namely, category A and category B.\"<br><br>\r\nThe classification is not academic \u2014 under <b>Rule 296<\/b> the classification of Bills and the allocation of time in respect of Bills and resolutions, as approved by the House, takes effect as if it were an order of the House; and under the provisos to <b>Rule 27(2)<\/b> the relative precedence of Bills within each category is determined by ballot.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 507, part: 7, partId: 42,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Cttee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions (292-297)\", rule: \"Rule 296\",\r\n    srcId: 73, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 296 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the classification of private members' Bills and the allocation of time in respect of Bills and resolutions, as approved by the House,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall take effect as if it were an order of the House\",\r\n      \"shall have only recommendatory value\",\r\n      \"shall require notification in the Gazette before taking effect\",\r\n      \"shall be subject to variation by the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) shall take effect as if it were an order of the House<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 296: \"The classification of Bills and the allocation of time in respect of Bills and resolutions as approved by the House shall take effect as if it were an order of the House.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Rule 297:<\/i> at the appointed hour the Speaker shall forthwith put every question necessary to dispose of all outstanding matters in connection with the completion of a particular stage of the Bill or the resolution.<br><br>\r\nNote the parallel with the Business Advisory Committee: Rule 290A makes the BAC's approved allocation an order of the House and requires notification in the BULLETIN (not the Gazette), and Rule 291 supplies the corresponding guillotine. The Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions is, in effect, the BAC for private members' business \u2014 which is why the Explanation to Rule 288 excludes private members' Bills and resolutions from the BAC's remit.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 508, part: 7, partId: 43,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Cttee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions (292-297)\", rule: \"Rule 297\",\r\n    srcId: 218, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"At the appointed hour fixed in accordance with the allocation of time for private members' business, the Speaker shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"adjourn the House until the next Friday allotted to private members' business\",\r\n      \"put every question necessary to dispose of all the outstanding matters in connection with the completion of a particular stage of the Bill or the resolution\",\r\n      \"refer the unfinished business back to the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions\",\r\n      \"allow the discussion to continue until it concludes naturally\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 297:<\/i> at the appointed hour the Speaker shall put every question necessary to dispose of all outstanding matters in connection with the completion of a particular stage of the Bill or the resolution.<br><br>\r\nThis is the private members' counterpart of <i>Rule 291<\/i>, which does the same work for Government business under an Allocation of Time Order. The parallel is exact and deliberate:<br>\r\n\u2022 allocation approved by the House takes effect as an order of the House \u2014 <b>Rule 290A<\/b> (Government business) \/ <b>Rule 296<\/b> (private members' business);<br>\r\n\u2022 guillotine at the appointed hour \u2014 <b>Rule 291<\/b> \/ <b>Rule 297<\/b>;<br>\r\n\u2022 motion on the Committee's report, with half an hour and five minutes per member \u2014 <b>Rule 290<\/b> \/ <b>Rule 295<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nLearning the two Committees as mirror images makes six rules out of three.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 509, part: 7, partId: 44,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Select and Joint Committees on Bills (298-305)\", rule: \"Rule 298\",\r\n    srcId: 15, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding a Select Committee on a Bill:<br>1. The members of a Select Committee are appointed by the House when the motion that the Bill be referred to a Select Committee is made.<br>2. A member who is not a member of the Select Committee may be present during its deliberations but shall not address the Committee or sit in its body.<br>3. A Minister who is not a member of the Committee may, with the permission of the Chairperson, address the Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 298: \"The members of a Select Committee on a Bill shall be appointed by the House when a motion that the Bill be referred to a Select Committee is made.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 299: \"Members who are not members of the Select Committee may be present during the deliberations of the Committee but shall not address the Committee or sit in the body of the Committee.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 299 (proviso): \"Provided that a Minister may with the permission of the Chairperson address the Committee of which such Minister may not be a member.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the contrast with Rule 268:<\/b> the general rule excludes all strangers when a Committee deliberates, but members of the House are not strangers before a Select Committee \u2014 they may be present, though silent.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 510, part: 7, partId: 45,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Select and Joint Committees on Bills (298-305)\", rule: \"Rule 299\",\r\n    srcId: 83, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the position of a Minister in relation to Parliamentary Committees:<br>1. A Minister shall not be elected or nominated a member of the Committee on Public Accounts, the Committee on Estimates, the Committee on Public Undertakings, the Committee on Petitions, the Committee on Subordinate Legislation or the Committee on Government Assurances.<br>2. Where a member of such a Committee is appointed a Minister, he shall cease to be a member of that Committee from the date of such appointment.<br>3. A Minister who is not a member of a Select Committee on a Bill may, with the permission of the Chairperson, address that Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nStatements 1 and 2 restate a proviso repeated almost identically across the Chapter \u2014 <i>Rules 306, 309(1), 311(1), 312B(1), 318(1), 324(1), 331B(1)<\/i> and <i>331D(2)<\/i> \u2014 barring a Minister from membership and providing that a member appointed a Minister ceases to be a member from the date of appointment. (1 \u2713 and 2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 299 (proviso): \"Provided that a Minister may with the permission of the Chairperson address the Committee of which such Minister may not be a member.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>The principle:<\/b> a Minister may not SIT IN JUDGMENT as a member of a scrutiny Committee, but he is not shut out of the legislative work of a Select Committee, where he appears in his executive capacity.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 511, part: 7, partId: 46,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Select and Joint Committees on Bills (298-305)\", rule: \"Rule 300\",\r\n    srcId: 74, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"Where notice of a proposed amendment to a Bill has not been given before the day on which the Bill is taken up by a Select Committee of the House or a Joint Committee of the Houses,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the amendment cannot be moved in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"any member may object to the moving of the amendment, and such objection shall prevail unless the Chairperson allows the amendment to be moved\",\r\n      \"the amendment may be moved only with the consent of the member in charge of the Bill\",\r\n      \"the amendment shall stand referred to the House for its decision\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 300(1): \"If notice of a proposed amendment has not been given before the day on which the Bill is taken up by the Select Committee, any member may object to the moving of the amendment and such objection shall prevail unless the Chairperson allows the amendment to be moved.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe default therefore favours the objector, but the Chairperson retains an overriding discretion. <i>Rule 300(2)<\/i> adds that in other respects the procedure in a Select Committee shall, as far as practicable, be the same as is followed in the House during the consideration stage of a Bill, with such adaptations as the Speaker may consider necessary or convenient.<br><br><b>NOTE \u2014 this is the COMMITTEE-level twin of Rule 79(1), and the pair is the point.<\/b> Rule 79(1) governs an amendment to a clause or schedule of a Bill <b>IN THE HOUSE<\/b> and fixes the notice at <b>ONE DAY<\/b>; Rule 300 governs an amendment <b>IN A SELECT OR JOINT COMMITTEE<\/b> and fixes it at <b>BEFORE THE DAY THE BILL IS TAKEN UP<\/b>. The machinery is identical in both \u2014 any member may <b>OBJECT<\/b>, the objection <b>PREVAILS<\/b>, and the <b>CHAIRPERSON<\/b> (in Committee) or the <b>SPEAKER<\/b> (in the House) may override it. The same formula runs through Rule 177(2) for a resolution and Rule 212 for a cut motion.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 512, part: 7, partId: 47,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Select and Joint Committees on Bills (298-305)\", rule: \"Rule 301\",\r\n    srcId: 75, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 301 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a Bill has been referred to a Select Committee. Notice of an amendment to a clause of the Bill is received from a member who is NOT a member of the Select Committee. Such an amendment\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall not be taken up by the Committee unless it is adopted by a member of the Committee\",\r\n      \"shall be taken up by the Committee as a matter of right, since all notices stand referred to it\",\r\n      \"shall be placed before the House and not before the Committee\",\r\n      \"shall be taken up only if the member concerned is permitted to address the Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 301: \"When a Bill has been referred to a Select Committee any notice given by a member of an amendment to a clause in the Bill shall stand referred to the Committee provided that where notice of amendment is received from a member who is not a member of the Select Committee such amendment shall not be taken up by the Committee unless adopted by member of the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo the notice does stand referred, but it needs a sponsor within the Committee to be moved. This dovetails with <i>Rule 299<\/i>, under which a non-member may be present at the deliberations but shall not address the Committee or sit in its body \u2014 he can neither speak for his amendment nor move it himself.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 513, part: 7, partId: 48,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Select and Joint Committees on Bills (298-305)\", rule: \"Rule 302\",\r\n    srcId: 219, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"A Select Committee on a Bill may hear\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"evidence only with the prior permission of the Speaker in each case\",\r\n      \"only officers of the Ministry concerned with the Bill\",\r\n      \"expert evidence and representatives of special interests affected by the measure before them\",\r\n      \"no evidence at all, its function being confined to the clauses of the Bill\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 302: \"A Select Committee may hear expert evidence and representatives of special interests affected by the measure before them.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule is the legislative counterpart of the general evidence-taking powers in Rules 269 and 270, and it names the two classes of witness a Bill Committee will most often need \u2014 EXPERTS on the subject-matter, and those whose interests the measure will affect.<br><br>\r\nCompare <i>Rule 307A(1)<\/i>, which gives the Committee on Petitions the same facility in its own field: it may take evidence of experts or interested parties on the petitions or representations, on its own initiative or on requests made; and under <i>Rule 307A(2)<\/i> it may also avail of public opinion. The Departmentally Related Standing Committees have an equivalent power under <i>Rule 331L<\/i>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 514, part: 7, partId: 49,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Select and Joint Committees on Bills (298-305)\", rule: \"Rule 303\",\r\n    srcId: 77, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding a minute of dissent recorded by a member of a Select Committee:<br>1. It shall not refer to any discussion in the Select Committee.<br>2. Where words, phrases or expressions in it are unparliamentary or otherwise inappropriate, the Speaker may order them to be expunged from the minute of dissent.<br>3. The minute of dissent is presented to the House separately from, and after, the report of the Select Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 303(4):<\/i> any member of the Select Committee may record a minute of dissent on any matter connected with the Bill or dealt with in the report.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 303(5): \"A minute of dissent shall be couched in temperate and decorous language and shall not refer to any discussion in the Select Committee nor cast aspersion on the Committee.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\nThe following sub-rule empowers the Speaker to order unparliamentary or otherwise inappropriate words, phrases or expressions to be expunged from the minute of dissent. (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 304: \"The report of the Select Committee on a Bill together with the minutes of dissent, if any, shall be presented to the House by the Chairperson or in the absence of the Chairperson, by any member of the Committee.\"<\/i> \u2014 the minutes of dissent go WITH the report, not separately or later. (Compare Rule 331I(3) for the DRSCs: the note of dissent \"shall be presented to the House along with the report.\")`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 515, part: 7, partId: 50,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Select and Joint Committees on Bills (298-305)\", rule: \"Rule 304\",\r\n    srcId: 220, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 304 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the report of a Select Committee on a Bill, together with the minutes of dissent, if any, shall be presented to the House by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the member in charge of the Bill\",\r\n      \"the Chairperson or, in the absence of the Chairperson, any member of the Committee\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the Chairperson or, in his absence, any member of the Committee<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 304: \"The report of the Select Committee on a Bill together with the minutes of dissent, if any, shall be presented to the House by the Chairperson or in the absence of the Chairperson, by any member of the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo points to carry:<br>\r\n\u2022 the formula is the same as the general rule for Committee reports in <i>Rule 279(1)<\/i>;<br>\r\n\u2022 the minutes of dissent are presented WITH the report, not separately or afterwards. The Departmentally Related Standing Committees follow the same practice \u2014 <i>Rule 331I(3)<\/i>: \"The note of dissent shall be presented to the House along with the report.\"<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 305:<\/b> the Secretary-General causes every report of a Select Committee to be printed and made available for the use of every member of the House, and the report together with the Bill as reported by the Committee is published in the GAZETTE.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 516, part: 7, partId: 51,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Select and Joint Committees on Bills (298-305)\", rule: \"Rule 305\",\r\n    srcId: 234, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following pairs:<br>1. Report of a Select Committee on a Bill, and the Bill as reported by it \u2014 published in the Gazette<br>2. Allocation of time approved by the House on the report of the Business Advisory Committee \u2014 notified in the Bulletin<br>3. Amendments to the rules recommended by the Committee on Rules and approved by the House \u2014 promulgated by the Speaker in the Bulletin<br>4. An Order required to be laid before the House under Rule 319 \u2014 published in the Bulletin<br>Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 305<\/i> \u2014 the report of a Select Committee, and the Bill as reported by it, \"shall be published in the GAZETTE.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 290A<\/i> \u2014 the allocation of time as approved by the House takes effect as an order of the House \"and shall be notified in the BULLETIN.\" (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331(2)-(3)<\/i> \u2014 the amendments to the rules as approved by the House \"shall be promulgated by the Speaker in the BULLETIN\", and under Rule 331(4) they come into force on their publication in the Bulletin unless otherwise specified. (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Pair 4 is wrongly matched \u2717<\/b> \u2014 under <i>Rule 319<\/i> an Order shall \"be numbered centrally and published in the GAZETTE immediately after it is promulgated\", not in the Bulletin.<br><br>\r\n<b>The rule of thumb:<\/b> the Bulletin is the House's own internal instrument (allocations of time, amendments to the rules); the Gazette is for instruments that operate on the outside world (Bills as reported, statutory Orders).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 517, part: 7, partId: 52,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Papers Laid on the Table (305A-305B)\", rule: \"Rule 305A\",\r\n    srcId: 39, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Papers Laid on the Table shall consist of not more than\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"twenty-two members\",\r\n      \"thirty members\",\r\n      \"fifteen members\",\r\n      \"ten members\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) fifteen members<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 305A(1): \"There shall be a Committee on Papers Laid on the Table consisting of not more than 15 members.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Rule 305A(2):<\/i> the Committee is nominated by the Speaker and holds office for a term not exceeding one year.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 518, part: 7, partId: 53,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Papers Laid on the Table (305A-305B)\", rule: \"Rule 305B\",\r\n    srcId: 155, srcSection: \"rule-recital to value\",\r\n    question: \"Among the matters on which the Committee on Papers Laid on the Table reports to the House is whether both the versions of the paper have been laid on the Table. Which two versions are these?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Hindi and English versions\",\r\n      \"The printed and electronic versions\",\r\n      \"The draft and final versions\",\r\n      \"The Hindi version and the version in the language of the State concerned\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) The Hindi and English versions<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 305B(1)(d):<\/b> the Committee reports to the House on <i>\"whether both the Hindi and English versions of the paper have been laid on the Table.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe requirement flows from Article 348 and the practice of bilingual laying, and the Committee's supervision does not stop there. The Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract records a further head: whether a statement explaining the reasons for NOT laying the Hindi version has been given, and whether such reasons are satisfactory.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other heads under Rule 305B(1):<\/b> (a) whether there has been compliance with the provisions of the Constitution, Act, rule or regulation under which the paper has been laid; (b) whether there has been any unreasonable delay in laying the paper; (c) if there has been such delay, whether a statement explaining the reasons has been laid and whether those reasons are satisfactory.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 305C:<\/b> a member wishing to raise any of these matters shall refer it to the Committee and NOT raise it in the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 519, part: 7, partId: 54,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Petitions (306-307A)\", rule: \"Rule 306\",\r\n    srcId: 158, srcSection: \"rule-recital to value\",\r\n    question: \"At the commencement of the House, or from time to time, as the case may be, the Speaker shall nominate a Committee on Petitions consisting of :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not less than fifteen members\",\r\n      \"Not more than fifteen members\",\r\n      \"Exactly fifteen members\",\r\n      \"Not more than twenty-two members\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Not less than fifteen members<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 306:<\/b> <i>\"At the commencement of the House, or from time to time, as the case may be, the Speaker shall nominate a Committee on Petitions consisting of not less than fifteen members.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This is the sharpest drafting distinction in the whole Chapter.<\/b> The Committee on Petitions is the ONLY Committee expressed as a FLOOR \u2014 \"not less than\". Every other fifteen-member Committee is expressed as a CEILING \u2014 \"not more than fifteen\" (Rules 287, 293(1), 305A(1), 313, 316A(1), 318(1), 324(1)) \u2014 except the Committee on Absence of Members (Rule 325) and the Rules Committee (Rule 330), which use a flat \"fifteen\".<br><br>\r\n<b>SOURCE NOTE:<\/b> the membership table in the Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract on Parliamentary Committees shows the Committee on Petitions simply as \"15\". Where a question is worded in the language of the Rules, answer from Rule 306.<br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 306:<\/b> a Minister shall not be nominated a member, and a member appointed a Minister after nomination ceases to be a member from the date of such appointment.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 520, part: 7, partId: 55,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Petitions (306-307A)\", rule: \"Rule 307\",\r\n    srcId: 79, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on Petitions:<br>1. Where circulation of a petition has not been directed by the Committee, the Speaker may at any time direct that the petition be circulated.<br>2. Circulation of a petition shall be in extenso or in summary form as the Committee or the Speaker, as the case may be, may direct.<br>3. It is the duty of the Committee to report to the House on specific complaints made in the petition and to suggest remedial measures, either in a concrete form applicable to the case under review or to prevent such cases in future.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 307(1):<\/i> the Committee shall examine every petition referred to it and, if it complies with the rules, may direct that it be circulated; \"Where circulation of the petition has not been directed, the Speaker may at any time direct that the petition be circulated.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 307(2): \"Circulation of the petition shall be in extenso or in summary form as the Committee or the Speaker, as the case may be, may direct.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 307(3):<\/i> \"It shall also be the duty of the Committee to report to the House on specific complaints made in the petition referred to it after taking such evidence as it deems fit and to suggest remedial measures either in a concrete form applicable to the case under review or to prevent such cases in future.\" (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\nThe forward-looking limb of clause (3) is the important one \u2014 the Committee is not confined to redressing the individual grievance; it may recommend systemic change.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 521, part: 7, partId: 56,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Petitions (306-307A)\", rule: \"Rule 307A\",\r\n    srcId: 221, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"In addition to taking evidence of experts or interested parties on petitions and representations, the Committee on Petitions may also\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"avail of public opinion to make the report on the petitions or representations\",\r\n      \"summon the Minister concerned to give evidence\",\r\n      \"refer the petition to the Departmentally Related Standing Committee concerned\",\r\n      \"direct the Government to grant the relief sought\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) avail of public opinion<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 307A(1):<\/i> the Committee may take evidence of experts or interested parties on the petitions or representations, on their own initiative or on requests made.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 307A(2):<\/i> the Committee may also avail of public opinion to make the report on the petitions or representations.<br><br>\r\nThe rule adds a procedural safeguard for the orderly conduct of such evidence: witnesses who express a desire to appear before the Committee must supply a sufficient number of copies of written memoranda for circulation to the members, who consider them at a sitting and then decide whether the witnesses may be called to appear.<br><br>\r\nOption (d) misstates the Committee's power altogether: under <i>Rule 307(3)<\/i> it reports to the House and SUGGESTS remedial measures \u2014 in a concrete form applicable to the case, or to prevent such cases in future. It does not direct the Government.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 522, part: 7, partId: 57,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Public Accounts (308-309)\", rule: \"Rule 308\",\r\n    srcId: 19, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on Public Accounts:<br>1. In scrutinising the Appropriation Accounts, it satisfies itself that the moneys shown as disbursed were legally available for, and applicable to, the purpose to which they have been applied.<br>2. Where money has been spent in excess of the amount granted, it examines the circumstances leading to such excess.<br>3. It exercises its functions in relation to such public undertakings as are allotted to the Committee on Public Undertakings.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 308(2)(a):<\/i> in scrutinising the Appropriation Accounts of the Government of India and the report of the Comptroller and Auditor-General thereon, the Committee satisfies itself \"that the moneys shown in the accounts as having been disbursed were legally available for, and applicable to, the service or purpose to which they have been applied or charged.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 308(4): \"If any money has been spent on any service during a financial year in excess of the amount granted by the House for that purpose, the Committee shall examine with reference to the facts of each case the circumstances leading to such an excess and make such recommendation as it may deem fit.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Proviso to Rule 308(4): \"Provided that the Committee shall not exercise its functions in relation to such public undertakings as are allotted to the Committee on Public Undertakings by these rules or by the Speaker.\"<\/i><br>\r\nAn identical bar applies to the Committee on Estimates under the proviso to Rule 310.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 523, part: 7, partId: 58,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Public Accounts (308-309)\", rule: \"Rule 309\",\r\n    srcId: 237, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following pairs of Committee and the number of its members drawn from the Rajya Sabha:<br>1. Committee on Public Accounts \u2014 not more than 7<br>2. Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes \u2014 not more than 10<br>3. Each Departmentally Related Standing Committee \u2014 10<br>4. Committee on Estimates \u2014 not more than 7<br>Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 309(1)<\/i> \u2014 Public Accounts: not more than 7 members of the Rajya Sabha, nominated by that House for association (1 \u2713).<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331B(1)<\/i> \u2014 SC\/ST Welfare: not more than 10, nominated by that House (2 \u2713).<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331D(1)<\/i> \u2014 each DRSC: 10, nominated by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha (3 \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>Pair 4 is wrongly matched \u2717<\/b> \u2014 the Committee on ESTIMATES has NO Rajya Sabha members at all. Under <i>Rule 311(1)<\/i> it consists of not more than thirty members elected by the Lok Sabha alone. This is the single most frequently examined point about the Committee, and it has been set at least twice \u2014 in 2014 and again in the reworked bank.<br><br>\r\n<b>Also note the difference in who nominates:<\/b> for the PAC, CPU and SC\/ST Welfare Committee the Rajya Sabha members are nominated BY THAT HOUSE; for the DRSCs and the Committee on the Empowerment of Women they are nominated by the CHAIRMAN, RAJYA SABHA.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 524, part: 7, partId: 59,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Estimates (310-311)\", rule: \"Rule 310\",\r\n    srcId: 148, srcSection: \"rule-recital to value\",\r\n    question: \"Rule 310 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha enumerates the functions of the Committee on Estimates. How many functions are so enumerated?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Two\",\r\n      \"Three\",\r\n      \"Four\",\r\n      \"Six\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Four<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 310<\/i> lists four functions:<br>\r\n<b>(a)<\/b> to report what economies, improvements in organisation, efficiency or administrative reform, consistent with the policy underlying the estimates, may be effected;<br>\r\n<b>(b)<\/b> to suggest alternative policies in order to bring about efficiency and economy in administration;<br>\r\n<b>(c)<\/b> to examine whether the money is well laid out within the limits of the policy implied in the estimates;<br>\r\n<b>(d)<\/b> to suggest the form in which the estimates shall be presented to Parliament.<br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 310:<\/b> the Committee shall not exercise its functions in relation to such public undertakings as are allotted to the Committee on Public Undertakings by these rules or by the Speaker.<br><br>\r\nTwo other counts in the Chapter are set the same way: the NINE heads of examination under Rule 320 (Subordinate Legislation) and the SIX matters reported on under Rule 305B(1) (Papers Laid on the Table).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 525, part: 7, partId: 60,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Estimates (310-311)\", rule: \"Rule 311\",\r\n    srcId: 35, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following pairs of Committee and the manner in which its members are chosen:<br>1. Committee on Estimates \u2014 elected by proportional representation (single transferable vote)<br>2. Committee of Privileges \u2014 nominated by the Speaker<br>3. Committee on Public Accounts \u2014 nominated by the Speaker<br>4. Committee on Subordinate Legislation \u2014 nominated by the Speaker<br>Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 2 and 4 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 311(1):<\/i> the Committee on Estimates is ELECTED by proportional representation through the single transferable vote. (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 313:<\/i> the Committee of Privileges is NOMINATED by the Speaker. (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 318(1):<\/i> the Committee on Subordinate Legislation is NOMINATED by the Speaker. (4 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Pair 3 is wrongly matched:<\/b> under <i>Rule 309(1)<\/i> the fifteen Lok Sabha members of the Public Accounts Committee are ELECTED by the House by proportional representation through the single transferable vote; only the Rajya Sabha members (up to 7) are nominated, and that is done by the RAJYA SABHA, not by the Speaker.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule of thumb:<\/b> the three Financial Committees and the SC\/ST Welfare Committee are ELECTED; the \"housekeeping\" Committees (Privileges, Ethics, Subordinate Legislation, Government Assurances, Petitions, Papers Laid, Absence, Private Members' Bills, BAC, Rules) are NOMINATED by the Speaker.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 526, part: 7, partId: 61,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Public Undertakings (312A-312B)\", rule: \"Rule 312A\",\r\n    srcId: 163, srcSection: \"rule-recital to value\",\r\n    question: \"There shall be a Committee on Public Undertakings for the examination of the working of the public undertakings specified in :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Second Schedule\",\r\n      \"The Third Schedule\",\r\n      \"The Fourth Schedule\",\r\n      \"The Fifth Schedule\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) The Fourth Schedule<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 312A:<\/b> <i>\"There shall be a Committee on Public Undertakings for the examination of the working of the public undertakings specified in the Fourth Schedule.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two Schedules of this Chapter \u2014 commit them as a pair:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>FOURTH Schedule<\/b> \u2192 the public undertakings within the remit of the Committee on Public Undertakings (Rule 312A);<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>FIFTH Schedule<\/b> \u2192 the Ministries\/Departments allotted to each Departmentally Related Standing Committee (Rule 331C(2)), divided into Part I (Rajya Sabha side) and Part II (Lok Sabha side) for the purposes of Rules 331D(3) and 331J.<br><br>\r\nThese are Schedules to the RULES OF PROCEDURE, and have nothing to do with the Schedules to the Constitution.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 527, part: 7, partId: 62,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Public Undertakings (312A-312B)\", rule: \"Rule 312B\",\r\n    srcId: 22, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 312B of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the Committee on Public Undertakings shall consist of not more than\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"30 members \u2014 all from the Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"22 members \u2014 15 from the Lok Sabha and not more than 7 members of the Rajya Sabha\",\r\n      \"31 members \u2014 21 from the Lok Sabha and 10 from the Rajya Sabha\",\r\n      \"15 members, all nominated by the Speaker\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 22 members (15 Lok Sabha + up to 7 Rajya Sabha)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 312B(1): \"The Committee shall consist of not more than 22 members comprising 15 members who shall be elected by the House every year from amongst its members according to the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote and not more than 7 members of Rajya Sabha to be nominated by that House for being associated with the Committee.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Rule 312B(2):<\/i> the term of office shall not exceed one year. The proviso bars a Minister from being elected a member.<br><br>\r\n<b>The composition mirrors the Public Accounts Committee (Rule 309(1)) exactly.<\/b> The distractors here are the Estimates Committee (30, all Lok Sabha) and the DRSCs (31 = 21 + 10).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 528, part: 7, partId: 63,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees on SC\/ST, Women and Ethics (313-316F)\", rule: \"Rule 313\",\r\n    srcId: 23, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee of Privileges of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. It is nominated by the Speaker and consists of not more than fifteen members.<br>2. It examines every question referred to it and determines whether a breach of privilege is involved and, if so, its nature and the circumstances leading to it.<br>3. Before putting the question that its report be taken into consideration, the Speaker may permit a debate not exceeding half an hour.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 313:<\/i> at the commencement of the House or from time to time, \"the Speaker shall nominate a Committee of Privileges consisting of not more than fifteen members.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 314(1): \"The Committee shall examine every question referred to it and determine with reference to the facts of each case whether a breach of privilege is involved and, if so, the nature of the breach, the circumstances leading to it and make such recommendations as it may deem fit.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713) \u2014 and <i>Rule 314(2):<\/i> the report may also state the procedure to be followed by the House in giving effect to the recommendations.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 315(2): \"Before putting the question to the House, the Speaker may permit a debate on the motion, not exceeding half an hour in duration, and such debate shall not refer to the details of the report further than is necessary to make out a case for the consideration of the report by the House.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 316:<\/i> a motion that the report be taken into consideration is accorded the priority assigned to a matter of privilege under Rule 225(1), unless there has been undue delay in bringing it forward.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 529, part: 7, partId: 64,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees on SC\/ST, Women and Ethics (313-316F)\", rule: \"Rule 314\",\r\n    srcId: 222, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"The report of the Committee of Privileges, besides determining whether a breach of privilege is involved and the nature of the breach and the circumstances leading to it, may also state\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the punishment to be inflicted on the person concerned\",\r\n      \"the names of the members who dissented from the finding\",\r\n      \"the procedure to be followed by the House in giving effect to the recommendations made by the Committee\",\r\n      \"the compensation payable to the member whose privilege was breached\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the procedure to be followed by the House in giving effect to the recommendations<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 314(1):<\/i> the Committee examines every question referred to it, determines with reference to the facts of each case whether a breach of privilege is involved and, if so, the nature of the breach and the circumstances leading to it, and makes such recommendations as it may deem fit.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 314(2): \"The report may also state the procedure to be followed by the House in giving effect to the recommendations made by the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe Committee recommends and, where necessary, maps the route \u2014 but the House acts. Under <i>Rule 315(3)<\/i>, once the motion that the report be taken into consideration is agreed to, a further motion may be moved that the House agrees, or disagrees, or agrees with amendments, with the recommendations contained in the report.<br><br>\r\nThe Committee on Ethics has an identical provision in <i>Rule 316D(3)<\/i>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 530, part: 7, partId: 65,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees on SC\/ST, Women and Ethics (313-316F)\", rule: \"Rule 315\",\r\n    srcId: 166, srcSection: \"rule-recital to value\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 315 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, before putting to the House the question that the report of the Committee of Privileges be taken into consideration, the Speaker may permit a debate on the motion, not exceeding what duration?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not exceeding fifteen minutes\",\r\n      \"Not exceeding two hours\",\r\n      \"Not exceeding one hour\",\r\n      \"Not exceeding half an hour\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Not exceeding half an hour<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 315(2):<\/b> <i>\"Before putting the question to the House, the Speaker may permit a debate on the motion, not exceeding half an hour in duration, and such debate shall not refer to the details of the report further than is necessary to make out a case for the consideration of the report by the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe same half-hour ceiling appears at <b>Rule 316E(2)<\/b> for the report of the Committee on Ethics, and at <b>Rules 290 and 295<\/b> for the reports of the Business Advisory Committee and the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions respectively.<br><br>\r\nNote the second half of the sub-rule, which is a limit of a different kind: the debate must not go into the details of the report beyond what is needed to make out a case for its consideration.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 531, part: 7, partId: 66,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees on SC\/ST, Women and Ethics (313-316F)\", rule: \"Rule 316A\",\r\n    srcId: 44, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Ethics of the Lok Sabha consists of not more than\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"twenty members\",\r\n      \"ten members\",\r\n      \"twenty-two members\",\r\n      \"fifteen members\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) fifteen members<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 316A(1): \"There shall be a Committee on Ethics consisting of not more than fifteen members.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Rule 316A(2):<\/i> the Committee is nominated by the Speaker and holds office for a term not exceeding one year. (Rules 316A to 316F were inserted with effect from 2015.)`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 532, part: 7, partId: 67,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees on SC\/ST, Women and Ethics (313-316F)\", rule: \"Rule 316B\",\r\n    srcId: 24, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on Ethics of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. It examines every complaint relating to unethical conduct of a member of the Lok Sabha referred to it by the Speaker.<br>2. It formulates a Code of Conduct for members and suggests amendments or additions to it from time to time.<br>3. On a matter being referred to it, a preliminary inquiry shall be conducted by the Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 316B(a): \"examine every complaint relating to unethical conduct of a member of Lok Sabha referred to it by the Speaker and make such recommendations as it may deem fit.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 316B(b): \"formulate a Code of Conduct for members and suggest amendments or additions to the Code of Conduct from time to time.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 316C(1): \"On a matter being referred to the Committee, a preliminary inquiry shall be conducted by the Committee.\"<\/i> \u2014 if there is no prima facie case the Committee may recommend that the matter be dropped and the Chairperson intimates the Speaker (316C(2)); if there is a prima facie case the Committee takes up detailed examination (316C(3)). (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Distinctive feature:<\/b> unlike almost every other Committee, the report of the Committee on Ethics is presented to the SPEAKER, who may direct that it be laid on the Table (Rule 316D(2)). A motion that the report be taken into consideration is put down in the list of business after disposal of questions (Rule 316F).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 533, part: 7, partId: 68,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees on SC\/ST, Women and Ethics (313-316F)\", rule: \"Rule 316C\",\r\n    srcId: 87, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the procedure of the Committee on Ethics of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. If, after a preliminary inquiry, the Committee is of the opinion that there is no prima facie case, it may recommend that the matter be dropped, and the Chairperson shall intimate the Speaker accordingly.<br>2. If, after a preliminary inquiry, the Committee is of the opinion that there is a prima facie case, the Committee shall take up the matter for detailed examination.<br>3. A motion that the report of the Committee be taken into consideration shall be put down in the list of business after the disposal of questions.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 316C(2):<\/i> where the Committee, after a preliminary inquiry, is of the opinion that there is no prima facie case, \"it may recommend that the matter may be dropped and the Chairperson shall intimate the Speaker accordingly.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 316C(3):<\/i> where it is of the opinion that there is a prima facie case, \"the Committee shall take up the matter for detailed examination.\" (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 316F: \"A motion that the report of the Committee be taken into consideration shall be put down in the list of business after disposal of questions.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast with the Committee of Privileges:<\/b> a privilege report carries the PRIORITY of a matter of privilege under Rule 316; an ethics report is simply listed after the disposal of questions. <i>Rule 316C(4)<\/i> also allows the Committee to lay down its own procedure from time to time.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 534, part: 7, partId: 69,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees on SC\/ST, Women and Ethics (313-316F)\", rule: \"Rule 316D\",\r\n    srcId: 45, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"The report of the Committee on Ethics is presented to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker, who may direct that it be laid on the Table\",\r\n      \"the House directly by the Chairperson\",\r\n      \"the Committee of Privileges\",\r\n      \"the Leader of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the Speaker<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 316D(1):<\/i> the recommendations of the Committee shall be presented in the form of a report. <i>Rule 316D(2): \"The report shall be presented to the Speaker who may direct that the report be laid on the Table of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis is a deliberate departure from <i>Rule 279(1)<\/i>, under which the report of a Committee is presented to the HOUSE. <i>Rule 316F:<\/i> a motion that the report be taken into consideration is put down in the list of business after the disposal of questions.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 535, part: 7, partId: 70,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committees on SC\/ST, Women and Ethics (313-316F)\", rule: \"Rule 316F\",\r\n    srcId: 209, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"A motion that the report of the Committee on Ethics be taken into consideration shall be put down in the list of business\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"as the first item of the day\",\r\n      \"immediately after the presentation of the report\",\r\n      \"after the disposal of questions\",\r\n      \"at the end of the sitting\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) after the disposal of questions<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 316F: \"A motion that the report of the Committee be taken into consideration shall be put down in the list of business after disposal of questions.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the priority accorded to a privileges report \u2014 Rule 316:<\/b> a motion that the report of the Committee of Privileges be taken into consideration \"shall be accorded the priority assigned to a matter of privilege under sub-rule (1) of rule 225, unless there has been undue delay in bringing it forward.\"<br><br>\r\nSo an ethics report is simply listed after the Question Hour, while a privileges report carries the special priority of a matter of privilege. The two rules bear consecutive-looking numbers \u2014 316 and 316F \u2014 and are a natural pair for a question.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 536, part: 7, partId: 71,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Subordinate Legislation (317-321)\", rule: \"Rule 317\",\r\n    srcId: 25, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on Subordinate Legislation:<br>1. It scrutinises and reports whether the powers to make rules, regulations and bye-laws delegated by Parliament are being properly exercised within such delegation.<br>2. Every Order required to be laid before the House shall be numbered centrally and published in the Gazette immediately after it is promulgated.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 317: \"There shall be a Committee on Subordinate Legislation to scrutinize and report to the House whether the powers to make regulations, rules, sub-rules, bye-laws etc., conferred by the Constitution or delegated by Parliament are being properly exercised within such delegation.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 319:<\/i> each regulation, rule, sub-rule or bye-law framed in pursuance of the Constitution or of legislative functions delegated by Parliament to a subordinate authority, and required to be laid before the House \u2014 referred to as an \"Order\" \u2014 shall, subject to such rules as the Speaker may prescribe in consultation with the Leader of the House, \"be numbered centrally and published in the Gazette immediately after it is promulgated.\" (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 318(1):<\/i> not more than fifteen members, nominated by the Speaker; a Minister shall not be nominated. <i>Rule 318(2):<\/i> term not exceeding one year.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 537, part: 7, partId: 72,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Subordinate Legislation (317-321)\", rule: \"Rule 318\",\r\n    srcId: 46, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Subordinate Legislation consists of not more than\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"thirty members elected by the House\",\r\n      \"fifteen members nominated by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"twenty-two members\",\r\n      \"ten members\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) fifteen members nominated by the Speaker<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 318(1): \"The Committee shall consist of not more than fifteen members who shall be nominated by the Speaker: Provided that a Minister shall not be nominated a member of the Committee, and if a member, after nomination to the Committee is appointed a Minister, such member shall cease to be a member of the Committee from the date of such appointment.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 538, part: 7, partId: 73,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Subordinate Legislation (317-321)\", rule: \"Rule 319\",\r\n    srcId: 26, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"After an Order is laid before the House, the Committee on Subordinate Legislation considers a number of specified matters. Which one of the following is NOT among the matters it is required to consider?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Whether it directly or indirectly bars the jurisdiction of the courts\",\r\n      \"Whether the Order has been approved by the concerned State Legislature\",\r\n      \"Whether it involves expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India or the public revenues\",\r\n      \"Whether it gives retrospective effect to any provision for which the Constitution or the Act does not expressly give such power\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) \u2014 approval by the concerned State Legislature is NOT a matter considered.<\/b><br><br>\r\nAn \"Order\" under Rule 319 is delegated legislation made under the Constitution or under an Act of PARLIAMENT. A State Legislature has no role in it, and no such head appears in Rule 320.<br><br>\r\n<b>The heads actually specified in Rule 320 are:<\/b> (i) whether it is in accord with the general objects of the Constitution or the Act pursuant to which it is made; (ii) whether it contains matter which should more properly be dealt with in an Act of Parliament; (iii) whether it contains imposition of any tax; (iv) whether it directly or indirectly bars the jurisdiction of the courts (Option A \u2713); (v) whether it gives retrospective effect to provisions in respect of which the Constitution or the Act does not expressly give such power (Option D \u2713); (vi) whether it involves expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India or the public revenues (Option C \u2713); (vii) whether it appears to make some unusual or unexpected use of the powers conferred; (viii) whether there appears to have been unjustifiable delay in its publication or in laying it before Parliament; (ix) whether for any reason its form or purport calls for any elucidation.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 539, part: 7, partId: 74,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Subordinate Legislation (317-321)\", rule: \"Rule 320\",\r\n    srcId: 193, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"Among the matters which the Committee on Subordinate Legislation considers after an Order is laid before the House is whether the Order contains the imposition of\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"any tax\",\r\n      \"any penalty of imprisonment\",\r\n      \"any restriction on trade\",\r\n      \"any condition as to publication\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) any tax<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 320(iii):<\/i> the Committee considers \"whether it contains imposition of any tax.\"<br><br>\r\nThe head exists because taxation is a matter for Parliament itself. It sits alongside <i>Rule 320(vi)<\/i> \u2014 whether the Order involves expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India or the public revenues \u2014 and both express the same constitutional principle: neither the raising nor the spending of public money may be effected by an act of the executive under a delegated power.<br><br>\r\nCompare <i>Rule 160A<\/i>, which applies the same principle to petitions: a petition dealing with the matters in Article 110(1)(a) to (f), or involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund, cannot be presented unless recommended by the President.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 540, part: 7, partId: 75,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Subordinate Legislation (317-321)\", rule: \"Rule 321\",\r\n    srcId: 196, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 321 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, if the Committee on Subordinate Legislation is of opinion that an Order should be annulled wholly or in part, or should be amended in any respect,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"it shall itself annul or amend the Order by an order published in the Gazette\",\r\n      \"it shall report that opinion and the grounds thereof to the House\",\r\n      \"it shall forward its opinion to the Ministry concerned for compliance\",\r\n      \"it shall refer the matter to the Committee of Privileges\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) it shall report that opinion and the grounds thereof to the House<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 321(1):<\/i> where the Committee is of opinion that the Order should be annulled wholly or in part, or should be amended in any respect, \"it shall report that opinion and the grounds thereof to the House.\"<br>\r\n<i>Rule 321(2):<\/i> if the Committee is of opinion that any other matter relating to any Order should be brought to the notice of the House, it may report that opinion and matter to the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Committee recommends; it does not legislate.<\/b> Annulment or amendment of a statutory Order is for the House (or the Government acting on its opinion) \u2014 the Committee's function is to report, with grounds. This is the same relationship as the Committee on Absence of Members bears to the House under Rules 327 and 328: recommendation by the Committee, decision by the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 541, part: 7, partId: 76,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Government Assurances (322-324)\", rule: \"Rule 322\",\r\n    srcId: 197, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker may issue such directions as may be considered necessary for regulating the procedure in connection with all matters connected with the consideration of any question of Subordinate Legislation\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in the Committee only\",\r\n      \"in the House only\",\r\n      \"either in the Committee or in the House\",\r\n      \"in the Committee, and in the House only with the concurrence of the Leader of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) either in the Committee or in the House<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 322: \"The Speaker may issue such directions as may be considered necessary for regulating the procedure in connection with all matters connected with the consideration of any question of Subordinate Legislation either in the Committee or in the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Compare its exact counterpart on the privileges side \u2014 Rule 228:<\/b> the Speaker may issue such directions as may be necessary for regulating the procedure in connection with all matters connected with the consideration of the question of privilege \"either in the Committee of Privileges or in the House.\" Rule 228 was set at Q40 of the 2025 paper; Rule 322 is its twin and is the obvious companion question.<br><br>\r\nBoth stand alongside the general power in <i>Rule 283(1)<\/i> to issue directions to the Chairperson of a Committee for regulating its procedure and the organisation of its work.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 542, part: 7, partId: 77,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Government Assurances (322-324)\", rule: \"Rule 323\",\r\n    srcId: 27, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on Government Assurances:<br>1. It scrutinises the assurances, promises and undertakings given by Ministers on the floor of the House.<br>2. It reports on the extent to which such assurances have been implemented and, where implemented, whether within the minimum time necessary.<br>3. It consists of not more than fifteen members nominated by the Speaker.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 323: \"There shall be a Committee on Government Assurances to scrutinise the assurances, promises, undertakings, etc., given by Ministers, from time to time, on the floor of the House and to report on \u2014 (a) the extent to which such assurances, promises, undertakings, etc. have been implemented; and (b) where implemented whether such implementation has taken place within the minimum time necessary for the purpose.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713 and 2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 324(1): \"The Committee shall consist of not more than fifteen members who shall be nominated by the Speaker\"<\/i> \u2014 with the usual proviso barring a Minister; <i>Rule 324(2):<\/i> term not exceeding one year. (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Practice point:<\/b> assurances pending implementation are, by settled practice, deemed NOT to lapse on the dissolution of the House; they are pursued by the Committee of the succeeding House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 543, part: 7, partId: 78,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Government Assurances (322-324)\", rule: \"Rule 324\",\r\n    srcId: 120, srcSection: \"LS Secretariat Abstract T.O. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 324 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, some of the Standing Committees of the Lok Sabha are Joint Committees, members of both Houses of Parliament being nominated or elected to them as per the rules or the relevant provisions of the Acts. Which of the following are such Joint Committees?<br>1. Committee on Offices of Profit<br>2. Committee on Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament<br>3. Library Committee<br>4. Committee on Government Assurances<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract names seven Standing Committees of the Lok Sabha that are Joint Committees, members of both Houses being nominated or elected to them as per the rules or the relevant provisions of the Acts: <b>Public Accounts, Public Undertakings, the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Offices of Profit, Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament, Empowerment of Women, and the Library Committee.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Item 4 is wrong \u2717<\/b> \u2014 the Committee on Government Assurances consists of not more than fifteen members nominated by the Speaker from the Lok Sabha alone (Rule 324(1)); there is no Rajya Sabha element.<br><br>\r\nThe membership pattern of the seven: Public Accounts 15 + 7; Public Undertakings 15 + 7; SC\/ST Welfare 20 + 10; Empowerment of Women 20 + 10; Offices of Profit 10 + 5 (elected); Salaries and Allowances 10 + 5 (nominated); Library 6 + 3 (nominated).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 544, part: 7, partId: 79,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Absence of Members (325-326)\", rule: \"Rule 325\",\r\n    srcId: 171, srcSection: \"rule-recital to value\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Absence of Members from the sittings of the House shall consist of how many members nominated by the Speaker, and shall hold office for a term not exceeding what period?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Fifteen members; term not exceeding one year\",\r\n      \"Not more than fifteen members; term not exceeding two years\",\r\n      \"Not less than fifteen members; term not exceeding one year\",\r\n      \"Twenty-two members; term not exceeding one year\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Fifteen members; term not exceeding one year<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 325:<\/b> <i>\"The Committee on Absence of Members from the sittings of the House shall consist of fifteen members nominated by the Speaker and shall hold office for a term not exceeding one year.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Read the drafting closely \u2014 this is the point of the question.<\/b> Rule 325 fixes a FLAT \"fifteen members\". It is neither \"not more than fifteen\" (Rules 287, 293(1), 305A(1), 313, 316A(1), 318(1), 324(1)) nor \"not less than fifteen\" (Rule 306, Committee on Petitions). Only Rule 325 and Rule 330 (Rules Committee, \"fifteen members including the Chairperson\") are drafted as flat figures.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 545, part: 7, partId: 80,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Committee on Absence of Members (325-326)\", rule: \"Rule 326\",\r\n    srcId: 172, srcSection: \"rule-recital to value\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 326 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the Committee on Absence of Members from the sittings of the House examines every case where a member has been absent, without permission, from the sittings of the House for a period of :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Thirty days or more\",\r\n      \"Forty-five days or more\",\r\n      \"Sixty days or more\",\r\n      \"Seventy-five days or more\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Sixty days or more<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 326(1)(ii):<\/b> <i>\"to examine every case where a member has been absent for a period of sixty days or more, without permission, from the sittings of the House and to report whether the absence should be condoned or circumstances of the case justify that the House should declare the seat of the member vacant.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis tracks <b>Article 101(4):<\/b> <i>\"If for a period of sixty days a member of either House of Parliament is without permission of the House absent from all meetings thereof, the House may declare his seat vacant\"<\/i> \u2014 with the crucial proviso that in computing the sixty days, NO ACCOUNT is taken of any period during which the House is prorogued or is adjourned for more than four consecutive days.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same figure appears in a second place:<\/b> under the proviso to <b>Rule 242(2)<\/b>, leave of absence applied for at any one time shall not exceed a period of sixty days. Sixty is the ceiling both for permitted absence and for absence attracting scrutiny.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 546, part: 7, partId: 81,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Joint Cttee on Salaries and Allowances (327-329)\", rule: \"Rule 327\",\r\n    srcId: 88, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. Where the Committee recommends that leave of absence be granted to a member or that the absence be condoned, the pleasure of the House shall be taken by the Speaker on a day as soon as may be after the presentation of the report.<br>2. Where leave of absence is not recommended by the Committee in respect of an application, a motion may be moved by any member that the House agrees, or agrees with amendment, or disagrees with the recommendations of the Committee in respect of that application.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 327:<\/i> where the Committee recommends that leave of absence be granted or that the absence be condoned, \"the pleasure of the House shall be taken by the Speaker in the following terms on a day as soon as may be after the presentation of the report\" \u2014 the prescribed form recites the report, the recommendation and the period, and ends by noting that the member is being informed accordingly. (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 328: \"Where leave of absence is not recommended by the Committee in respect of any application, a motion may be moved by any member that the House agrees or agrees with amendment or disagrees with the recommendations of the Committee in respect of that application.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\nThe scheme shows why the Committee only RECOMMENDS: a favourable recommendation goes through by the pleasure of the House, while an adverse one can be challenged on the floor by motion.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 547, part: 7, partId: 82,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Joint Cttee on Salaries and Allowances (327-329)\", rule: \"Rule 328\",\r\n    srcId: 42, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 328 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where leave of absence is NOT recommended by the Committee on Absence of Members in respect of an application, what course is open?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The application stands rejected and no further step is possible\",\r\n      \"A motion may be moved by any member that the House agrees, or agrees with amendment, or disagrees with the recommendations of the Committee in respect of that application\",\r\n      \"The Speaker may grant the leave notwithstanding the Committee's view\",\r\n      \"The member may prefer a fresh application after thirty days\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 328: \"Where leave of absence is not recommended by the Committee in respect of any application, a motion may be moved by any member that the House agrees or agrees with amendment or disagrees with the recommendations of the Committee in respect of that application.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Read Rules 327 and 328 as a pair \u2014 they are the two outcomes of the same process:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 where the Committee RECOMMENDS that leave be granted or the absence condoned, the pleasure of the House is taken by the Speaker in the prescribed form, on a day as soon as may be after the presentation of the report (Rule 327);<br>\r\n\u2022 where the Committee does NOT so recommend, the matter can still be brought to the floor by motion under Rule 328.<br><br>\r\nEither way the decision is the HOUSE's. This is the textual basis for the settled PYQ answer that the Committee only RECOMMENDS and does not itself grant leave.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 548, part: 7, partId: 83,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Joint Cttee on Salaries and Allowances (327-329)\", rule: \"Rule 329\",\r\n    srcId: 28, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on Rules of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. It consists of fifteen members including the Chairperson, and the Speaker is its ex-officio Chairperson.<br>2. If no notice of amendment to its recommendations is given within seven days of their being laid on the Table, the recommendations are deemed to have been approved by the House.<br>3. The amendments to the rules, once approved, are promulgated by the Speaker in the Bulletin.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 329:<\/i> there shall be a Committee on Rules to consider matters of procedure and conduct of business in the House and to recommend any amendments or additions to the rules that may be deemed necessary.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 330: \"The Committee on Rules shall be nominated by the Speaker and shall consist of fifteen members including the Chairperson of the Committee. The Speaker shall be the ex-officio Chairperson of the Committee.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331(1):<\/i> the recommendations are laid on the Table, and within seven days beginning with that day any member may give notice of an amendment. <i>Rule 331(3): \"If notice of such amendment has not been given within seven days, the recommendations of the Committee shall be deemed to have been approved by the House and on the expiry of the said period the Speaker shall promulgate in the Bulletin the amendments to the rules as recommended by the Committee.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713 and 3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331(4):<\/i> the amendments come into force on their publication in the Bulletin unless otherwise specified.<br>\r\n<b>Note:<\/b> only two Committees in this Chapter have the Speaker as ex-officio Chairperson \u2014 the Business Advisory Committee (Rule 287) and the Rules Committee (Rule 330).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 549, part: 7, partId: 84,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Rules Committee (330)\", rule: \"Rule 330\",\r\n    srcId: 173, srcSection: \"rule-recital to value\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 330 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the Committee on Rules shall be nominated by the Speaker and shall consist of how many members?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Twelve members including the Chairperson\",\r\n      \"Fifteen members excluding the Chairperson\",\r\n      \"Fifteen members including the Chairperson\",\r\n      \"Twenty-two members including the Chairperson\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Fifteen members including the Chairperson<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 330:<\/b> <i>\"The Committee on Rules shall be nominated by the Speaker and shall consist of fifteen members including the Chairperson of the Committee. The Speaker shall be the ex-officio Chairperson of the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe word INCLUDING carries the same weight here as in Rule 287 for the Business Advisory Committee \u2014 the Chairperson is counted within the fifteen.<br><br>\r\n<b>Only two Committees in this Chapter have the Speaker as EX-OFFICIO Chairperson:<\/b> the Business Advisory Committee (Rule 287) and the Rules Committee (Rule 330). Everywhere else the Chairperson is APPOINTED by the Speaker from amongst the members under Rule 258(1), subject to the proviso in favour of the Deputy Speaker.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 329<\/b> gives the mandate: to consider matters of procedure and conduct of business in the House and to recommend any amendments or additions to the rules that may be deemed necessary.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 550, part: 7, partId: 85,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Departmentally Related Standing Committees (331-331Q)\", rule: \"Rule 331\",\r\n    srcId: 89, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the recommendations of the Committee on Rules of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. Any notice of amendment given by a member to the recommendations of the Committee shall stand referred to the Committee, which shall consider it and make such changes in its recommendations as it may consider fit.<br>2. The final report of the Committee, after taking into consideration the amendments suggested by members, shall be laid on the Table, and thereafter the amendments as approved by the House shall be promulgated by the Speaker in the Bulletin.<br>3. The amendments to the rules shall come into force on their publication in the Bulletin unless otherwise specified.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331(1):<\/i> the recommendations are laid on the Table and, within seven days beginning with that day, any member may give notice of an amendment.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331(2):<\/i> such notice \"shall stand referred to the Committee who shall consider it and make such changes in their recommendations as the Committee may consider fit. The final report of the Committee after taking into consideration the amendments suggested by the members shall be laid on the Table. Thereafter, on the House agreeing to the report on a motion made by a member of the Committee, the amendments to the rules as approved by the House, shall be promulgated by the Speaker in the Bulletin.\" (1 \u2713 and 2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331(4): \"The amendments to the rules shall come into force on their publication in the Bulletin unless otherwise specified.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\nAnd if NO notice of amendment is given within seven days, the recommendations are deemed to have been approved by the House and the Speaker promulgates them on the expiry of that period (Rule 331(3)).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 551, part: 7, partId: 86,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Departmentally Related Standing Committees (331-331Q)\", rule: \"Rule 331A\",\r\n    srcId: 29, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes:<br>1. It considers the reports submitted by the National Commission for the Scheduled Castes and the National Commission for the Scheduled Tribes.<br>2. In examining measures to secure due representation of the SCs and STs in services and posts, it has regard to the provisions of article 335.<br>3. It consists of not more than thirty members comprising twenty members of the Lok Sabha and not more than ten members of the Rajya Sabha.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331A(a):<\/i> to consider the reports submitted by the National Commission for the Scheduled Castes and the National Commission for the Scheduled Tribes and to report on the measures that should be taken by the Union Government within its purview, including the Administrations of the Union Territories. (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331A(c):<\/i> to examine the measures taken by the Union Government to secure due representation of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in services and posts under its control (including appointments in Public Sector Undertakings, statutory and semi-Government bodies and in the Union Territories) \"having regard to the provisions of article 335.\" (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331B(1):<\/i> \"not more than 30 members, comprising 20 members\" elected by the Lok Sabha by proportional representation through the single transferable vote, \"and not more than 10 members of Rajya Sabha to be nominated by that House for being associated with the Committee.\" (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Other functions:<\/b> 331A(b) action taken by Government on measures proposed; (d) working of welfare programmes in the Union Territories; (e) such other matters as may seem fit or are referred by the House or the Speaker.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 552, part: 7, partId: 87,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Departmentally Related Standing Committees (331-331Q)\", rule: \"Rule 331B\",\r\n    srcId: 49, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"The term of office of the members of the Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes shall not exceed\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"one year\",\r\n      \"two years\",\r\n      \"three years\",\r\n      \"five years\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) one year<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331B(2): \"The term of office of members of the Committee shall not exceed one year.\"<\/i><br>\r\nComposition under Rule 331B(1): not more than 30 members \u2014 20 elected by the Lok Sabha by proportional representation through the single transferable vote and not more than 10 members of the Rajya Sabha nominated by that House for association.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 553, part: 7, partId: 88,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Departmentally Related Standing Committees (331-331Q)\", rule: \"Rule 331C\",\r\n    srcId: 32, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Departmentally Related Standing Committees:<br>1. The Ministries and Departments under the jurisdiction of each Standing Committee are specified in the Fifth Schedule.<br>2. The report of a Standing Committee has persuasive value and is treated as considered advice given by the Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331C(2): \"The Ministries\/Departments covered under the jurisdiction of each of the Standing Committees shall be as specified in the Fifth Schedule.\"<\/i> \u2014 with a proviso that the Chairman, Rajya Sabha and the Speaker may alter the Schedule from time to time in consultation with each other. (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331N: \"The report of the Standing Committees shall have persuasive value and shall be treated as considered advice given by the Committees.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Related:<\/b> <i>Rule 331K<\/i> \u2014 the Standing Committees shall not sit in any place except the precincts of Parliament House, unless specifically permitted by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker; <i>Rule 331L<\/i> \u2014 the Committee may avail of expert opinion or public opinion in making its report.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 554, part: 7, partId: 89,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Departmentally Related Standing Committees (331-331Q)\", rule: \"Rule 331D\",\r\n    srcId: 30, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Each Departmentally Related Standing Committee consists of not more than thirty-one members, of whom\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"all are elected by the Lok Sabha by single transferable vote\",\r\n      \"twenty-one are nominated by the Speaker from the Lok Sabha and ten by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha, from the Rajya Sabha\",\r\n      \"sixteen are from the Lok Sabha and fifteen from the Rajya Sabha\",\r\n      \"all are nominated by the Speaker\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 21 (Lok Sabha, by the Speaker) + 10 (Rajya Sabha, by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331D(1): \"Each of the Standing Committees constituted under Rule 331C shall consist of not more than 31 members, 21 members to be nominated by the Speaker from amongst the members of Lok Sabha and 10 members to be nominated by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha, from amongst the members of Rajya Sabha.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the mode:<\/b> the DRSCs are constituted wholly by NOMINATION (Speaker and Chairman respectively) \u2014 unlike the Financial Committees, whose Lok Sabha members are ELECTED by proportional representation. <i>Rule 331D(2):<\/i> a Minister shall not be nominated a member. <i>Rule 331D(4):<\/i> term not exceeding one year.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 555, part: 7, partId: 90,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Departmentally Related Standing Committees (331-331Q)\", rule: \"Rule 331E\",\r\n    srcId: 31, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Departmentally Related Standing Committees:<br>1. In considering the Demands for Grants, the report shall not suggest anything of the nature of cut motions.<br>2. The reports of the Committees shall be based on broad consensus, and a member may append a note of dissent.<br>3. The Committees shall consider the matters of day-to-day administration of the concerned Ministries or Departments.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331E(1)(a):<\/i> to consider the Demands for Grants of the concerned Ministries\/Departments and make a report on the same to the Houses \u2014 \"The report shall not suggest anything of the nature of cut motions.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331I: \"(1) The Reports of the Committees shall be based on broad consensus. (2) A Member of a Standing Committee may give note of dissent on the report of the Committee. (3) The note of dissent shall be presented to the House along with the report.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331E(2): \"The Standing Committees shall not consider the matters of day to day administration of the concerned Ministries\/Departments.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331M<\/i> adds a further self-denying limit: the Standing Committees shall not generally consider matters which are considered by the other Parliamentary Committees.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 556, part: 7, partId: 91,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Departmentally Related Standing Committees (331-331Q)\", rule: \"Rule 331F\",\r\n    srcId: 224, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"Each of the functions of the Departmentally Related Standing Committees provided in clauses (a) to (d) of Rule 331E(1) shall be applicable to the Committees\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"from the date of their constitution in every case\",\r\n      \"from the commencement of the financial year following their constitution\",\r\n      \"from such date as may be notified by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha and the Speaker in respect of the applicability of the particular function\",\r\n      \"from such date as the House may by resolution appoint\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331F:<\/i> each of the functions of these Committees as provided in clauses (a) to (d) of sub-rule (1) of rule 331E \"shall be applicable to the Committees from such date as may be notified by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha and the Speaker in respect of applicability of particular function.\"<br><br>\r\nThe rule allows the four functions \u2014 Demands for Grants, Bills, annual reports and national basic long term policy documents \u2014 to be brought into operation SEPARATELY and at different times, rather than all at once.<br><br>\r\nIt is one of a family of provisions requiring the two Presiding Officers to act jointly in respect of the DRSCs: the proviso to <i>Rule 331C(2)<\/i> (alteration of the Fifth Schedule in consultation with each other) and <i>Rule 331K<\/i> (permission to sit outside the precincts of Parliament House) are the others.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 557, part: 7, partId: 92,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Departmentally Related Standing Committees (331-331Q)\", rule: \"Rule 331G\",\r\n    srcId: 90, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the procedure to be followed by the Departmentally Related Standing Committees in considering the Demands for Grants:<br>1. After the general discussion on the Budget in the Houses is over, the Houses shall be adjourned for a fixed period.<br>2. The Committees shall make their report within that period and shall not ask for more time.<br>3. There shall be a single consolidated report on the Demands for Grants of all the Ministries within a Committee's jurisdiction.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331G(a):<\/i> \"after the general discussion on the Budget in the Houses is over, the Houses shall be adjourned for a fixed period.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331G(c):<\/i> \"the Committees shall make their report within the period and shall not ask for more time.\" (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331G(e):<\/i> \"there shall be a separate report on the Demands for Grants of each Ministry.\" Consolidation is expressly ruled out.<br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331G(d)<\/i> completes the scheme: the Demands for Grants shall be considered by the House in the light of the reports of the Committees. Note also <i>Rule 331E(1)(a)<\/i> \u2014 the report shall not suggest anything of the nature of cut motions.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 558, part: 7, partId: 93,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Departmentally Related Standing Committees (331-331Q)\", rule: \"Rule 331H\",\r\n    srcId: 225, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"In examining Bills referred to them, the Departmentally Related Standing Committees shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"consider the general principles and clauses of the Bills referred to them and make report thereon\",\r\n      \"consider only the clauses of the Bill and not its general principles\",\r\n      \"consider the Bill only after it has been passed by the House in which it was introduced\",\r\n      \"suggest amendments in the form of cut motions\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) consider the general principles and clauses of the Bills referred to them<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331H<\/i> lays down the procedure for examining Bills: (a) the Committee shall consider the general principles and clauses of the Bills referred to them and make report thereon; (b) the Committee shall consider only such Bills introduced in either of the Houses as are referred to them by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker, as the case may be; and (c) the Committee shall make report on the Bills in the given time.<br><br>\r\nClause (a) marks the difference from the House's own consideration stage, where the principle of the Bill is settled first and the clauses are then taken up \u2014 the Committee looks at both together.<br><br>\r\nOption (d) confuses two different procedures: the bar on suggesting anything of the nature of cut motions belongs to <i>Rule 331E(1)(a)<\/i> and applies to the report on the DEMANDS FOR GRANTS, not to Bills.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 559, part: 7, partId: 94,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Departmentally Related Standing Committees (331-331Q)\", rule: \"Rule 331I\",\r\n    srcId: 226, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the reports of the Departmentally Related Standing Committees:<br>1. The reports shall be based on broad consensus.<br>2. A member of a Standing Committee may give a note of dissent on the report of the Committee.<br>3. The note of dissent shall be presented to the House along with the report.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three are the sub-rules of <i>Rule 331I:<\/i> \"(1) The Reports of the Committees shall be based on broad consensus. (2) A Member of a Standing Committee may give note of dissent on the report of the Committee. (3) The note of dissent shall be presented to the House along with the report.\"<br><br>\r\nSub-rule (1) is a genuine feature of the DRSC system and not mere exhortation \u2014 these Committees are drawn from both Houses and all parties, and they work by agreement rather than by division. Sub-rule (2) preserves the individual member's right to record disagreement notwithstanding that consensus.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the Select Committee<\/b>, where <i>Rule 303(5)<\/i> imposes conditions of form on a minute of dissent: it shall be couched in temperate and decorous language, shall not refer to any discussion in the Select Committee, and shall not cast aspersion on the Committee \u2014 and unparliamentary expressions may be ordered by the Speaker to be expunged from it.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 560, part: 7, partId: 95,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Departmentally Related Standing Committees (331-331Q)\", rule: \"Rule 331J\",\r\n    srcId: 227, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 331J of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, except for matters for which special provision is made in the rules relating to the Standing Committees, the general rules applicable to other Parliamentary Committees in the Rajya Sabha shall apply mutatis mutandis to the Standing Committees specified in\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Fourth Schedule\",\r\n      \"Part II of the Fifth Schedule\",\r\n      \"Part I of the Fifth Schedule\",\r\n      \"both Parts of the Fifth Schedule\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Part I of the Fifth Schedule<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331J:<\/i> \"Except for matters for which special provision is made in the rule relating to the Standing Committees, the general rules applicable to other Parliamentary Committees in Rajya Sabha shall apply mutatis mutandis to the Standing Committees specified in Part-I of the Fifth Schedule and the general rules applicable to other Parliamentary Committees in Lok Sabha shall apply to Standing Committees as specified in Part-II of the Schedule.\"<br><br>\r\nRule 331J and <i>Rule 331D(3)<\/i> work together and produce the same division: Part I Committees are chaired by an appointee of the Chairman, Rajya Sabha and governed by Rajya Sabha rules; Part II Committees are chaired by an appointee of the Speaker and governed by Lok Sabha rules.<br><br>\r\n<b>In practice<\/b> (Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract): of the 24 DRSCs, 16 are under the administrative control of the Speaker and serviced by the Lok Sabha Secretariat, and 8 under the Chairman, Rajya Sabha. This is the basis of the PYQ answer that these Committees are serviced by two different Secretariats.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 561, part: 7, partId: 96,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Departmentally Related Standing Committees (331-331Q)\", rule: \"Rule 331K\",\r\n    srcId: 228, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"The Departmentally Related Standing Committees shall not sit in any place except the precincts of Parliament House, unless otherwise specifically permitted by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker alone\",\r\n      \"the Chairman, Rajya Sabha alone\",\r\n      \"the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker, as the case may be\",\r\n      \"the House by a motion made for the purpose\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker, as the case may be<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331K: \"The Standing Committees shall not sit in any other place except the precincts of Parliament House, unless otherwise specifically permitted by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker, as the case may be.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe words \"as the case may be\" carry the Part I \/ Part II division of the Fifth Schedule into this rule as well \u2014 permission comes from whichever Presiding Officer has administrative control of the Committee concerned.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the general rule, Rule 267:<\/b> for Committees at large, the sittings are held within the precincts of the Parliament House and, if a change of place outside becomes necessary, the matter is referred to the SPEAKER, whose decision shall be final. For the DRSCs alone the power is shared between the two Houses.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 562, part: 7, partId: 97,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Departmentally Related Standing Committees (331-331Q)\", rule: \"Rule 331L\",\r\n    srcId: 43, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"For the purpose of making its report, a Departmentally Related Standing Committee may avail of\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the assistance of the Comptroller and Auditor-General\",\r\n      \"expert opinion or the public opinion\",\r\n      \"the services of the Committee on Estimates\",\r\n      \"the records of any other Parliamentary Committee, as of right\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) expert opinion or the public opinion<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331L: \"The Committee may avail of the expert opinion or the public opinion to make the report.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe Chapter gives the same facility, in slightly different words, to three other Committees:<br>\r\n\u2022 <i>Rule 302<\/i> \u2014 a Select Committee on a Bill \"may hear expert evidence and representatives of special interests affected by the measure before them\";<br>\r\n\u2022 <i>Rule 307A(1) and (2)<\/i> \u2014 the Committee on Petitions may take evidence of experts or interested parties, on its own initiative or on request, and may also avail of public opinion.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) is wrong on a point of principle:<\/b> under <i>Rule 275(2)<\/i> no part of the evidence, report or proceedings of a Committee which has not been laid on the Table is open to inspection by anyone except under the authority of the SPEAKER. One Committee has no right of access to another's record.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 563, part: 7, partId: 98,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Departmentally Related Standing Committees (331-331Q)\", rule: \"Rule 331M\",\r\n    srcId: 236, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following provisions designed to prevent overlapping jurisdiction between Parliamentary Committees:<br>1. The Standing Committees shall not generally consider the matters which are considered by the other Parliamentary Committees.<br>2. Other Parliamentary Committees, including the Departmentally Related Standing Committees, shall not, as far as possible, consider the matters which are exclusively assigned to the Committee on the Empowerment of Women.<br>3. The Committee on Estimates shall not exercise its functions in relation to such public undertakings as are allotted to the Committee on Public Undertakings.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331M<\/i> (1 \u2713) \u00b7 <i>Rule 331Q<\/i> (2 \u2713) \u00b7 <i>proviso to Rule 310<\/i> (3 \u2713).<br><br>\r\nThe Chapter contains a whole family of such anti-overlap provisions, and they are worth collecting in one place:<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>proviso to Rule 308(4)<\/b> \u2014 PAC not to exercise its functions over undertakings allotted to the CPU;<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>proviso to Rule 310<\/b> \u2014 the same bar on the Committee on Estimates;<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 312A(d)<\/b> \u2014 the CPU picks up the functions the other two lose, as allotted by the Speaker;<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 331M<\/b> \u2014 the DRSCs stand back from matters considered by other Committees;<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 331Q<\/b> \u2014 all Committees stand back from matters exclusively assigned to the Committee on the Empowerment of Women;<br>\r\n\u2022 per the Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract, the Committee on Papers Laid on the Table examines papers \"other than those which fall within the purview of the Committee on Subordinate Legislation or any other Parliamentary Committee.\"`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 564, part: 7, partId: 99,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Departmentally Related Standing Committees (331-331Q)\", rule: \"Rule 331N\",\r\n    srcId: 229, srcSection: \"clause-level \/ comparative\",\r\n    question: \"The report of a Departmentally Related Standing Committee shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"be binding on the Ministry or Department concerned\",\r\n      \"require the concurrence of the Committee on Estimates before it is acted upon\",\r\n      \"take effect as an order of the House once laid on the Table\",\r\n      \"have persuasive value and be treated as considered advice given by the Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) have persuasive value and be treated as considered advice given by the Committee<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331N: \"The report of the Standing Committees shall have persuasive value and shall be treated as considered advice given by the Committees.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe formula is carefully chosen. These Committees examine the Demands for Grants of every Ministry and such Bills as are referred to them; if their reports bound the Government or the House, the Committee would in substance displace both. \"Persuasive value\" and \"considered advice\" keep the constitutional relationship intact \u2014 the House votes the Demands and passes the Bills.<br><br>\r\nThe same restraint appears in <i>Rule 331E(1)(a)<\/i>: in reporting on the Demands for Grants, the Committee \"shall not suggest anything of the nature of cut motions\" \u2014 the cut motion being the instrument by which the HOUSE, and not a Committee, reduces a demand.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 565, part: 7, partId: 100,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Departmentally Related Standing Committees (331-331Q)\", rule: \"Rule 331O\",\r\n    srcId: 178, srcSection: \"rule-recital to value\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 331O of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the Committee on the Empowerment of Women shall consist of not more than how many Members, and the term of office of its Members shall not exceed what period?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"22 Members \u2014 15 from the Lok Sabha and 7 from the Rajya Sabha; term not exceeding one year\",\r\n      \"30 Members \u2014 20 from the Lok Sabha and 10 from the Rajya Sabha; term not exceeding one year\",\r\n      \"30 Members \u2014 20 from the Lok Sabha and 10 from the Rajya Sabha; term not exceeding two years\",\r\n      \"31 Members \u2014 21 from the Lok Sabha and 10 from the Rajya Sabha; term not exceeding one year\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 30 Members \u2014 20 from the Lok Sabha and 10 from the Rajya Sabha; term not exceeding one year<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 331O(2):<\/b> <i>\"The Committee shall consist of not more than 30 Members, 20 Members to be nominated by the Speaker from amongst the Members of Lok Sabha and 10 Members to be nominated by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha, from amongst the Members of Rajya Sabha.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 331O(5):<\/b> <i>\"The term of office of Members of the Committee shall not exceed one year.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 331O(4):<\/b> the Chairperson is appointed by the Speaker from amongst the Members of the Committee.<br><br>\r\nRules 331O to 331Q were added with effect from 6.3.1997 \u2014 which is why the Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract, citing \"Rules 253 to 331N\", understates the extent of the Chapter.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 566, part: 7, partId: 101,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Departmentally Related Standing Committees (331-331Q)\", rule: \"Rule 331P\",\r\n    srcId: 33, srcSection: \"rule-based master\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on the Empowerment of Women:<br>1. It considers the reports submitted by the National Commission for Women.<br>2. It consists of not more than thirty Members \u2014 twenty from the Lok Sabha and ten from the Rajya Sabha.<br>3. Its Chairperson is appointed by the Speaker from amongst the Members of the Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331P(1):<\/i> to consider the reports submitted by the National Commission for Women and to report on the measures that should be taken by the Union Government for improving the status\/conditions of women within its purview, including the Administrations of the Union Territories. (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331O(2): \"The Committee shall consist of not more than 30 Members, 20 Members to be nominated by the Speaker from amongst the Members of Lok Sabha and 10 Members to be nominated by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha, from amongst the Members of Rajya Sabha.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331O(4): \"The Chairperson of the Committee shall be appointed by the Speaker from amongst the Members of the Committee.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast with the SC\/ST Welfare Committee:<\/b> both are 30 (20 + 10), but the SC\/ST Committee's 20 Lok Sabha members are ELECTED by proportional representation (Rule 331B(1)) whereas the Empowerment of Women Committee's 20 are NOMINATED by the Speaker (Rule 331O(2)).<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331Q:<\/i> other Parliamentary Committees, including the DRSCs, shall not, as far as possible, consider matters exclusively assigned to this Committee.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 567, part: 7, partId: 102,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVI (Rules 253-331Q)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 26: Departmentally Related Standing Committees (331-331Q)\", rule: \"Rule 331Q\",\r\n    srcId: 92, srcSection: \"provision untouched by any PYQ\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on the Empowerment of Women:<br>1. Other Parliamentary Committees, including the Departmentally Related Standing Committees, shall not, as far as possible, consider matters which are exclusively assigned to this Committee under the rules.<br>2. A Minister shall not be a Member of the Committee, and a Member who is appointed a Minister after nomination shall cease to be a Member from the date of such appointment.<br>3. The Committee examines the measures taken by the Union Government for comprehensive education and adequate representation of women in legislative bodies, services and other fields.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331Q: \"The other Parliamentary Committees, including the Departmentally related Standing Committees, shall not, as far as possible, consider the matters which are exclusively assigned to this Committee under the rules.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331O(3):<\/i> \"A Minister shall not be a Member of the Committee, and if a Member, after nomination to the Committee is appointed as Minister, such member shall cease to be a Member of the Committee from the date of such appointment.\" (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331P(3):<\/i> \"to examine the measures taken by the Union Government for comprehensive education and adequate representation of women in Legislative bodies\/services and other fields.\" (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\nRules 331M and 331Q together create a two-way rule against overlapping jurisdiction: the DRSCs stand back from matters handled by other Committees, and all Committees stand back from matters exclusively assigned to the Committee on the Empowerment of Women.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n\r\n  \/* ======================================================================\r\n     PART 8 \u2014 Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\r\n     ====================================================================== *\/\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 568, part: 8, partId: 1,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Notices\", rule: \"Rule 332(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Every notice required by the rules shall be given in writing addressed to the Secretary-General and signed by the member giving notice, and shall be left at the Parliamentary Notice Office, which shall be kept open for this purpose between the hours notified from time to time on every day except\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Saturday and Sunday\",\r\n      \"Sunday or a public holiday\",\r\n      \"a public holiday only\",\r\n      \"a day on which the House does not sit\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Sunday or a public holiday.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 332(1):<\/b> <i>\"Every notice required by these rules shall be given IN WRITING ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL AND SIGNED BY THE MEMBER GIVING NOTICE, and shall be LEFT AT THE PARLIAMENTARY NOTICE OFFICE which shall be kept open for this purpose between the hours to be notified from time to time ON EVERY DAY EXCEPT SUNDAY OR A PUBLIC HOLIDAY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the four requirements packed into the sub-rule:<\/b> the notice must be <b>IN WRITING<\/b>; <b>ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b>; <b>SIGNED<\/b> by the member; and <b>LEFT AT THE PARLIAMENTARY NOTICE OFFICE<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) is the trap<\/b>, and it is wrong because the Notice Office is open on days when the House is not sitting \u2014 notices may be given during a recess. Only Sundays and public holidays are excepted.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 332(2)<\/b> supplies the consequence of lateness: <i>\"Notices left at the Parliamentary Notice Office AFTER THE HOURS NOTIFIED under sub-rule (1) shall be TREATED AS GIVEN ON THE NEXT DAY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 332 is the general rule from which every specific notice provision in the book derives<\/b> \u2014 Rule 34(1) for questions, Rule 55(2) for Half-an-Hour Discussions, Rule 57 for adjournment motions, Rule 72(2) for opposing a Bill's introduction, Rule 185 for motions, Rule 193 for short duration discussions, Rule 200(1) for a removal resolution, Rule 223 for privilege and Rule 377 for a matter which is not a point of order. All of them are addressed to the <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b>, as this rule requires.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 569, part: 8, partId: 2,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Notices\", rule: \"Rule 332(2)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 332(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, notices left at the Parliamentary Notice Office after the hours notified for the purpose shall be\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"returned to the member concerned\",\r\n      \"treated as given on the next day\",\r\n      \"treated as given at the commencement of the next sitting\",\r\n      \"deemed to have lapsed\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) treated as given on the next day.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 332(2):<\/b> <i>\"NOTICES LEFT AT THE PARLIAMENTARY NOTICE OFFICE AFTER THE HOURS NOTIFIED UNDER SUB-RULE (1) SHALL BE TREATED AS GIVEN ON THE NEXT DAY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note that the rule says \"THE NEXT DAY\", not the next sitting day<\/b> \u2014 which is why option (c) is wrong. The Notice Office works to a calendar, not to the House's sitting pattern; that follows from Rule 332(1), under which it is open on every day except a Sunday or a public holiday.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the specific deeming provisions, which DO turn on sitting days:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 57<\/b>, <b>Rule 198(1)(b)<\/b> and <b>Rule 223<\/b> \u2014 a notice received after 10.00 hours is deemed received at 10.00 hours <b>ON THE NEXT DAY ON WHICH THE HOUSE SITS<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Explanation (ii) to Rule 197<\/b> \u2014 a Calling Attention notice received after 10.00 hours is deemed given <b>FOR THE NEXT SITTING<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 377B(2)<\/b> \u2014 a notice received after 10.00 hours on the last day of the week on which the House sits is valid <b>FOR THE NEXT WEEK<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nSo Rule 332(2) is the general fallback; where a particular rule fixes its own deeming, that prevails.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 570, part: 8, partId: 3,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Notices\", rule: \"Rule 333\",\r\n    question: \"A notice of a motion, resolution or Bill which a member desires to be taken up on the conclusion of other business on which it is contingent, if admitted by the Speaker, may be included in the list of business under the heading of contingent notice; and such a notice shall be taken up in the House\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"only after the business on which the notice is contingent is disposed of\",\r\n      \"at such time as the Speaker may fix\",\r\n      \"immediately on its admission by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"at the commencement of the next sitting\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) only after the business on which the notice is contingent is disposed of.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 333(1):<\/b> a member may give notice of a motion, resolution or Bill <i>\"which the member may desire to be TAKEN UP ON THE CONCLUSION OF OTHER BUSINESS ON WHICH THAT MOTION IS CONTINGENT and if such a notice is ADMITTED BY THE SPEAKER it may be included in the list of business under the heading: CONTINGENT NOTICE of motion or resolution or Bill, as the case may be.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 333(2):<\/b> <i>\"A contingent notice shall be IN SUCH FORM AS THE SPEAKER MAY PRESCRIBE and shall be TAKEN UP IN THE HOUSE ONLY AFTER THE BUSINESS ON WHICH THE NOTICE IS CONTINGENT IS DISPOSED OF.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The device lets a member prepare for an outcome he cannot yet know.<\/b> Its classic use is a motion that depends on how the House disposes of an earlier item \u2014 the member cannot give an ordinary notice, because the occasion may never arise, so he gives a contingent one.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare Rule 66 in Chapter X<\/b>, which solves the same problem for legislation: <i>\"A Bill which is dependent wholly or partly upon another Bill pending before the House MAY BE INTRODUCED IN ANTICIPATION\"<\/i> \u2014 but shall be taken up for consideration and passing only after the first Bill has been passed by the Houses <b>AND ASSENTED TO BY THE PRESIDENT<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nBoth rules separate the <b>GIVING<\/b> of notice, which may be early, from the <b>TAKING UP<\/b>, which must wait.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 571, part: 8, partId: 4,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Notices\", rule: \"Rule 334\",\r\n    question: \"A notice or other paper which is required by the rules to be made available for the use of members shall be deemed to have been so made available\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"if a copy thereof is deposited in such manner and in such places as the Speaker may from time to time direct\",\r\n      \"only if a copy thereof is delivered to each member personally\",\r\n      \"if a copy thereof is published in the Bulletin\",\r\n      \"if a copy thereof is placed on the Table of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 334(1):<\/b> <i>\"The SECRETARY-GENERAL SHALL MAKE EVERY EFFORT TO CIRCULATE TO EACH MEMBER a copy of every notice or other paper which is required by these rules to be made available for the use of members.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 334(2):<\/b> <i>\"A notice or other paper SHALL BE DEEMED TO HAVE BEEN MADE AVAILABLE FOR THE USE OF EVERY MEMBER IF A COPY THEREOF IS DEPOSITED IN SUCH MANNER AND IN SUCH PLACES AS THE SPEAKER MAY, FROM TIME TO TIME, DIRECT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two sub-rules do different jobs, and that is the point.<\/b> Sub-rule (1) imposes a duty of <b>BEST EFFORTS<\/b> on the Secretary-General; sub-rule (2) creates a <b>DEEMING<\/b> that protects the House's business if actual circulation fails. Personal delivery is aimed at, but is not the legal test \u2014 which is why option (b) is wrong.<br><br>\r\n<b>The deeming matters because several rules turn on papers being \"made available\":<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 74<\/b> \u2014 no motion on a Bill until copies have been made available, and a member may object if they have not been available for <b>TWO DAYS<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 77(1)<\/b> \u2014 the same for a Committee's <b>REPORT<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 305<\/b> \u2014 the Secretary-General causes every Select Committee report to be printed and a copy made available for the use of every member.<br><br>\r\nWithout Rule 334(2), a single undelivered copy could stall a Bill.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 572, part: 8, partId: 5,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Notices\", rule: \"Rule 334A\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 334A of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a notice shall not be given publicity by any member or other person\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"until it has been admitted by the Speaker and circulated to members\",\r\n      \"until it has been included in the list of business\",\r\n      \"until the matter to which it relates has been disposed of by the House\",\r\n      \"in any circumstances\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) until it has been admitted by the Speaker and circulated to members.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 334A:<\/b> <i>\"A NOTICE SHALL NOT BE GIVEN PUBLICITY BY ANY MEMBER OR OTHER PERSON UNTIL IT HAS BEEN ADMITTED BY THE SPEAKER AND CIRCULATED TO MEMBER: Provided that A NOTICE OF A QUESTION SHALL NOT BE GIVEN ANY PUBLICITY UNTIL THE DAY ON WHICH THE QUESTION IS ANSWERED IN THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>TWO conditions must both be satisfied<\/b> before a notice may be publicised \u2014 <b>ADMISSION<\/b> by the Speaker <b>AND CIRCULATION<\/b> to members. Admission alone is not enough.<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso puts QUESTIONS in a stricter class of their own:<\/b> a question notice may not be publicised <b>UNTIL THE DAY THE QUESTION IS ANSWERED<\/b> \u2014 not merely until it is admitted and circulated.<br><br>\r\n<b>Read the proviso with Rule 53<\/b>, which protects the other end of the same transaction: <i>\"ANSWERS to questions which Ministers propose to give in the House shall NOT BE RELEASED FOR PUBLICATION until the answers have actually been given on the floor of the House or laid on the Table.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo the <b>QUESTION<\/b> is embargoed until the day it is answered (Rule 334A proviso), and the <b>ANSWER<\/b> until it is actually given or laid (Rule 53). The principle in both is the primacy of the House: it hears first, and the press afterwards.<br><br>\r\nNote that the prohibition binds <b>ANY MEMBER OR OTHER PERSON<\/b>, not members alone.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 573, part: 8, partId: 6,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Notices\", rule: \"Rules 53 and 334A\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. A notice of a question shall not be given any publicity until the day on which the question is answered in the House.<br>2. Answers to questions which Ministers propose to give in the House shall not be released for publication until the answers have actually been given on the floor of the House or laid on the Table.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 proviso to Rule 334A:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that a notice of a question shall not be given any publicity UNTIL THE DAY ON WHICH THE QUESTION IS ANSWERED IN THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 53:<\/b> <i>\"Answers to questions which Ministers propose to give in the House shall NOT BE RELEASED FOR PUBLICATION UNTIL THE ANSWERS HAVE ACTUALLY BEEN GIVEN ON THE FLOOR OF THE HOUSE OR LAID ON THE TABLE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two rules bracket the Question Hour from both sides<\/b>, and it is worth seeing them as a pair: the member's <b>QUESTION<\/b> is embargoed by Rule 334A, and the Minister's <b>ANSWER<\/b> by Rule 53.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the two alternative moments at which the embargo on the ANSWER lifts<\/b> \u2014 given <b>ON THE FLOOR<\/b>, or <b>LAID ON THE TABLE<\/b>. Both are necessary because <b>Rule 39<\/b> provides for questions to be treated as laid on the Table without being called: at the end of the Question Hour (39(1)), at the next sitting (39(2)), and in the situations covered by the provisos to 39(3).<br><br>\r\n<b>The main limb of Rule 334A is wider than the proviso<\/b> and covers every notice, not just questions: no publicity <b>UNTIL ADMITTED BY THE SPEAKER AND CIRCULATED TO MEMBERS<\/b>. And it binds <b>ANY MEMBER OR OTHER PERSON<\/b> \u2014 so it reaches a journalist as much as a member.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 574, part: 8, partId: 7,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Notices\", rule: \"Rule 335\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 335 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, on the prorogation of the House, all pending notices shall lapse and fresh notices shall be given for the next session, with the exception of\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"notices of intention to move for leave to introduce a Bill\",\r\n      \"notices of questions for written answer\",\r\n      \"notices of amendments to Bills already introduced\",\r\n      \"notices of resolutions which have secured a place in the ballot\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) notices of intention to move for leave to introduce a Bill.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 335:<\/b> <i>\"On the PROROGATION OF THE HOUSE, ALL PENDING NOTICES, OTHER THAN NOTICES OF INTENTION TO MOVE FOR LEAVE TO INTRODUCE A BILL, SHALL LAPSE and FRESH NOTICES SHALL BE GIVEN FOR THE NEXT SESSION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The single exception protects the legislative initiative.<\/b> A private member who has given notice of intention to move for leave to introduce a Bill \u2014 and who under <b>Rule 65(3)<\/b> must give <b>ONE MONTH's<\/b> notice \u2014 does not lose that month because the House has been prorogued.<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso adds a qualification that is easily missed:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that a FRESH NOTICE SHALL BE NECESSARY of intention to move for leave to introduce any Bill in respect of which SANCTION OR RECOMMENDATION HAS BEEN GRANTED UNDER THE CONSTITUTION IF THE SANCTION OR RECOMMENDATION HAS CEASED TO BE OPERATIVE.\"<\/i> So even the protected notice fails if the President's sanction under <b>Rule 65(2)<\/b> has lapsed.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 335 must be read with Rule 336<\/b>, which points the other way: <i>\"A motion, resolution or an amendment, WHICH HAS BEEN MOVED AND IS PENDING IN THE HOUSE, SHALL NOT LAPSE by reason only of the prorogation of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>So the dividing line is whether the item has been MOVED.<\/b> A mere <b>NOTICE<\/b> dies on prorogation (Rule 335); anything already <b>MOVED AND PENDING<\/b> survives (Rule 336).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 575, part: 8, partId: 8,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Notices\", rule: \"Rule 336\",\r\n    question: \"A motion, resolution or amendment which has been moved and is pending in the House\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall not lapse by reason only of the prorogation of the House\",\r\n      \"shall lapse on the prorogation of the House\",\r\n      \"shall lapse unless the Speaker otherwise directs\",\r\n      \"shall be revived only on a fresh notice being given\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) shall not lapse by reason only of the prorogation of the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 336:<\/b> <i>\"A MOTION, RESOLUTION OR AN AMENDMENT, WHICH HAS BEEN MOVED AND IS PENDING IN THE HOUSE, SHALL NOT LAPSE BY REASON ONLY OF THE PROROGATION OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The words \"BY REASON ONLY\" are important<\/b> \u2014 prorogation alone does not kill it. <b>DISSOLUTION<\/b> is another matter: under <b>Article 107(5)<\/b> a Bill pending in the House lapses on dissolution, and the same principle extinguishes other business.<br><br>\r\n<b>Set Rule 336 against Rule 335, and the scheme becomes clear:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>NOT YET MOVED \u2014 a mere NOTICE<\/b> \u2192 <b>LAPSES<\/b> on prorogation (Rule 335), except a notice of intention to move for leave to introduce a Bill.<br>\r\n<b>ALREADY MOVED and pending<\/b> \u2192 <b>SURVIVES<\/b> prorogation (Rule 336).<br><br>\r\n<b>The same \"survives prorogation\" principle appears for COMMITTEES \u2014 Rule 284:<\/b> <i>\"\u2026the business pending before a Committee shall not lapse by reason only of the prorogation of the House and the Committee shall continue to function notwithstanding such prorogation.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Compare also Rule 112(2) in Chapter X<\/b>, which lists the grounds on which a Bill is removed from the Register \u2014 a substantially identical Bill being passed, or withdrawal under Rule 110. <b>PROROGATION IS NOT AMONG THEM.<\/b>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 576, part: 8, partId: 9,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Notices\", rule: \"Rules 335, 336 and 284\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the effect of the prorogation of the House:<br>1. All pending notices, other than notices of intention to move for leave to introduce a Bill, shall lapse.<br>2. A motion, resolution or amendment which has been moved and is pending shall not lapse.<br>3. Business pending before a Parliamentary Committee shall not lapse, and the Committee shall continue to function.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 335<\/b> \u2014 pending <b>NOTICES<\/b> lapse, save a notice of intention to move for leave to introduce a Bill; and by the proviso, even that requires a fresh notice if the President's sanction or recommendation has ceased to be operative.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 336<\/b> \u2014 a motion, resolution or amendment <b>MOVED AND PENDING<\/b> does not lapse <i>\"by reason only of the prorogation.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 284<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"the business pending before a Committee shall not lapse by reason only of the prorogation of the House and the Committee shall CONTINUE TO FUNCTION notwithstanding such prorogation.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The principle running through all three is that PROROGATION ENDS A SESSION, NOT THE HOUSE.<\/b> What has actually been set in motion continues; only inchoate notices fall away, and even those are excepted where a legislative initiative would otherwise be lost.<br><br>\r\n<b>DISSOLUTION is entirely different.<\/b> Under <b>Article 107(5)<\/b> a Bill pending in the House lapses on dissolution \u2014 and a Bill pending in the Council which has not been passed by the House also lapses. The one exception is a Bill in respect of which the President has notified a <b>JOINT SITTING<\/b> under Article 108.<br><br>\r\n<b>One further contrast is worth noting \u2014 Rule 39(4):<\/b> questions do not lapse on prorogation either; they lapse only where the <b>LAST SITTING<\/b> of a session is cancelled.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 577, part: 8, partId: 10,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Notices\", rule: \"Rule 337\",\r\n    question: \"Where in the opinion of the Speaker a notice contains words, phrases or expressions which are argumentative, unparliamentary, ironical, irrelevant, verbose or otherwise inappropriate, the Speaker may\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"amend such notice before it is circulated\",\r\n      \"disallow the notice\",\r\n      \"return the notice to the member for redrafting\",\r\n      \"direct that the notice be circulated with a note recording his objection\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) amend such notice before it is circulated.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 337:<\/b> <i>\"If in the opinion of the Speaker, any notice contains words, phrases or expressions which are ARGUMENTATIVE, UNPARLIAMENTARY, IRONICAL, IRRELEVANT, VERBOSE, OR OTHERWISE INAPPROPRIATE, the Speaker MAY, WHILE EXERCISING DISCRETION, AMEND SUCH NOTICE BEFORE IT IS CIRCULATED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The power is one of AMENDMENT, not disallowance<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker corrects the notice rather than rejecting it, and does so <b>BEFORE CIRCULATION<\/b>, so members receive it in its cleaned-up form. Disallowance is a separate power conferred by other rules: <b>Rule 43(1)<\/b> (questions), <b>Rule 65(4)<\/b> (private members' Bills), <b>Rule 174<\/b> (resolutions), <b>Rule 187<\/b> (motions), <b>Rule 211<\/b> (cut motions).<br><br>\r\n<b>SIX descriptions are given<\/b>, and the last is a general sweep: argumentative, unparliamentary, ironical, irrelevant, verbose, <b>OR OTHERWISE INAPPROPRIATE<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 337 is the general counterpart of two specific powers of revision:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 65(1)<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may <b>REVISE<\/b> the Statement of Objects and Reasons accompanying a Bill.<br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 240(1)<\/b> \u2014 where a member gives reasons in a letter of resignation, the Speaker may <b>OMIT<\/b> such words, phrases or matter, and they shall not be read out in the House.<br><br>\r\nAnd it is the reason so many rules require notices to be <b>\"clearly and precisely\"<\/b> expressed and free of arguments \u2014 Rules 41(2)(i) and (iv), 72(2), 173(i) and (iii), 186(ii), 193, 200A(ii)\u2013(iii), 210(ii) and 377A(v).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 578, part: 8, partId: 11,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Notices\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 335\",\r\n    question: \"A fresh notice of intention to move for leave to introduce a Bill shall be necessary, notwithstanding the exception in favour of such notices on prorogation, where\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Bill has been published in the Gazette\",\r\n      \"the sanction or recommendation granted under the Constitution in respect of the Bill has ceased to be operative\",\r\n      \"the member in charge has ceased to be a member\",\r\n      \"a substantially identical Bill has been introduced by another member\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 335:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that A FRESH NOTICE SHALL BE NECESSARY of intention to move for leave to introduce any Bill IN RESPECT OF WHICH SANCTION OR RECOMMENDATION HAS BEEN GRANTED UNDER THE CONSTITUTION IF THE SANCTION OR RECOMMENDATION, AS THE CASE MAY BE, HAS CEASED TO BE OPERATIVE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso is an exception to an exception.<\/b> The main limb of Rule 335 saves notices of intention to move for leave to introduce a Bill from lapsing on prorogation; the proviso withdraws that protection where the constitutional sanction behind the Bill has itself fallen away.<br><br>\r\n<b>The sanction or recommendation referred to is that required by Article 117<\/b>, and given effect by <b>Rule 65(2)<\/b>: where a Bill cannot be introduced without the previous sanction or recommendation of the President, it must be annexed to the notice, <i>\"conveyed through a Minister\"<\/i>, and <i>\"the notice SHALL NOT BE VALID until this requirement is complied with.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe logic is simple: the saved notice was valid only because the sanction accompanied it. If the sanction is spent, the notice has lost the thing that made it valid, and there is nothing left to save.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (c) states a rule from a different place \u2014 Rule 113:<\/b> a <b>PRIVATE MEMBER's BILL<\/b> already pending is removed from the Register where the member in charge ceases to be a member or is appointed a Minister. That concerns a Bill already introduced, not a notice.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 579, part: 8, partId: 12,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Notices\", rule: \"Rule 336\",\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, shall a motion, resolution or amendment which has been moved and is pending in the House not lapse by reason only of the prorogation of the House?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rule 334\",\r\n      \"Rule 335\",\r\n      \"Rule 336\",\r\n      \"Rule 337\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Rule 336.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 336<\/b> (marginal note: <i>Motion, resolution or amendment moved not to lapse<\/i>): <i>\"A motion, resolution or an amendment, which has been moved and is pending in the House, shall not lapse by reason only of the prorogation of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The three distractors are its immediate neighbours, and each does something different:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 334<\/b> \u2014 <b>CIRCULATION<\/b>: the Secretary-General shall make every effort to circulate a copy of every notice or paper to each member; and a paper is <b>DEEMED<\/b> made available if deposited in such manner and places as the Speaker directs.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 335<\/b> \u2014 <b>LAPSE OF PENDING NOTICES<\/b>: on prorogation all pending notices lapse, <b>except<\/b> notices of intention to move for leave to introduce a Bill \u2014 subject to the proviso where the sanction has ceased to be operative.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 337<\/b> \u2014 <b>POWER TO AMEND NOTICES<\/b>: where a notice is argumentative, unparliamentary, ironical, irrelevant, verbose or otherwise inappropriate, the Speaker may amend it before circulation.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rules 335 and 336 are the pair to hold together<\/b>, because they divide the same field: a notice <b>NOT YET MOVED<\/b> dies on prorogation; anything <b>ALREADY MOVED AND PENDING<\/b> lives. And <b>Rule 284<\/b> extends the same protection to business pending before a Committee.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 580, part: 8, partId: 13,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Motions\", rule: \"Rule 338\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 338 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a motion shall not raise a question substantially identical with one on which the House has given a decision\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in the same session\",\r\n      \"at any time during the life of the House\",\r\n      \"within one year from the date of that decision\",\r\n      \"within six months from the date of that decision\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) in the same session.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 338:<\/b> <i>\"A MOTION SHALL NOT RAISE A QUESTION SUBSTANTIALLY IDENTICAL WITH ONE ON WHICH THE HOUSE HAS GIVEN A DECISION IN THE SAME SESSION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note that a DECISION is required<\/b> \u2014 not merely a discussion. A matter debated but undecided is not caught by Rule 338, though it may still be caught by <b>Rule 186(vi)<\/b>, which bars a motion that <i>\"revive[s] discussion of a matter which has been DISCUSSED in the same session\"<\/i> without requiring a decision.<br><br>\r\n<b>The repetition bars across the book differ in their periods, and the differences are examinable:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 338<\/b> \u2014 motions: <b>SAME SESSION<\/b>, and a decision must have been given.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 186(vi)<\/b> \u2014 motions: same session, discussion alone suffices.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 58(v)<\/b> \u2014 adjournment motions: shall not revive a matter discussed in the same session.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 41(2)(xiii)<\/b> \u2014 questions: shall not repeat in substance questions already answered or refused.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 210(x)<\/b> \u2014 cut motions: same session <b>AND a decision taken<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 182<\/b> \u2014 resolutions: <b>ONE YEAR<\/b> from the date of moving \u2014 the longest bar in the book; but by its proviso, only the <b>SAME SESSION<\/b> where the earlier resolution was withdrawn with leave.<br><br>\r\nSo one year applies to resolutions alone; everywhere else the period is the session.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 581, part: 8, partId: 14,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Motions\", rule: \"Rule 339(1)\",\r\n    question: \"A member who has made a motion may withdraw the same\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"by leave of the House\",\r\n      \"at any time before the question is put\",\r\n      \"with the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"as of right, on stating his reasons\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) by leave of the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 339(1):<\/b> <i>\"A MEMBER WHO HAS MADE A MOTION MAY WITHDRAW THE SAME BY LEAVE OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Once a motion is MADE it belongs to the House, not to the mover<\/b> \u2014 he may ask to take it back, but only the House can let him. The same principle governs every withdrawal in the book:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 87<\/b> \u2014 an amendment to a Bill: <i>\"by leave of the House, BUT NOT OTHERWISE.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 110<\/b> \u2014 a Bill: the member in charge moves <b>FOR LEAVE<\/b> to withdraw, and if leave is granted no further motion may be made with reference to it.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 180(2)<\/b> \u2014 a resolution or an amendment to one, already moved: except <b>by leave of the House<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the position BEFORE the item is moved.<\/b> Under <b>Rule 180(1)<\/b> a member may withdraw a resolution standing in his name by a <b>MERE STATEMENT<\/b>; the House's leave is not needed, because nothing is yet before it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 339(2)<\/b> then prescribes how that leave is signified, and it is unlike anything else in the book \u2014 <b>NOT UPON QUESTION<\/b>, but by the Speaker taking the pleasure of the House, in words the rule sets out verbatim. See item 15.<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso to Rule 339(2):<\/b> where an amendment has been proposed to a motion, <b>THE ORIGINAL MOTION SHALL NOT BE WITHDRAWN UNTIL THE AMENDMENT HAS BEEN DISPOSED OF<\/b> \u2014 the same rule as the second sentence of Rule 87.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 582, part: 8, partId: 15,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Motions\", rule: \"Rule 339(2)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 339(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the leave of the House for the withdrawal of a motion shall be signified\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"not upon question, but by the Speaker taking the pleasure of the House\",\r\n      \"upon a question put by the Speaker in the ordinary manner\",\r\n      \"by a division, if any member so demands\",\r\n      \"by the Speaker recording the leave in the proceedings\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) not upon question, but by the Speaker taking the pleasure of the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 339(2):<\/b> <i>\"THE LEAVE SHALL BE SIGNIFIED NOT UPON QUESTION BUT BY THE SPEAKER TAKING THE PLEASURE OF THE HOUSE. The Speaker shall ask: 'IS IT YOUR PLEASURE THAT THE MOTION BE WITHDRAWN?' IF NO ONE DISSENTS, the Speaker shall say: 'THE MOTION IS BY LEAVE WITHDRAWN.' BUT IF ANY DISSENTIENT VOICE BE HEARD OR A MEMBER RISES TO CONTINUE THE DEBATE THE SPEAKER SHALL FORTHWITH PUT THE MOTION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This is one of the very few places in the book where the exact words to be spoken are prescribed<\/b>, and it is a genuine departure from ordinary procedure. Everything else the House decides is decided by a <b>QUESTION<\/b> put under <b>Rule 364<\/b> and voices collected under <b>Rule 367<\/b>. A withdrawal is not: the Speaker simply asks the House's pleasure.<br><br>\r\n<b>The consequence of dissent is drastic, and easily missed.<\/b> A <b>SINGLE dissentient voice<\/b> \u2014 or a member merely rising to continue the debate \u2014 defeats the withdrawal, and the Speaker must then <b>FORTHWITH PUT THE MOTION<\/b>. The mover does not get his motion back; he gets it decided.<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso protects a pending amendment:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that IF AN AMENDMENT HAS BEEN PROPOSED TO A MOTION, THE ORIGINAL MOTION SHALL NOT BE WITHDRAWN UNTIL THE AMENDMENT HAS BEEN DISPOSED OF.\"<\/i> \u2014 the same principle as the second sentence of <b>Rule 87<\/b> for amendments to a Bill.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 583, part: 8, partId: 16,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Motions\", rule: \"Rule 339(2)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 339(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where a member has moved for the withdrawal of a motion and the Speaker has asked whether it is the pleasure of the House that the motion be withdrawn, and a dissentient voice is heard or a member rises to continue the debate, the Speaker shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"forthwith put the motion\",\r\n      \"declare that leave is refused and pass to the next business\",\r\n      \"order that a division be held on the question of leave\",\r\n      \"adjourn consideration of the motion to a later hour\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) forthwith put the motion.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 339(2):<\/b> <i>\"\u2026BUT IF ANY DISSENTIENT VOICE BE HEARD OR A MEMBER RISES TO CONTINUE THE DEBATE THE SPEAKER SHALL FORTHWITH PUT THE MOTION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The motion is not merely kept alive \u2014 it is put to the House at once.<\/b> That is the sting of Rule 339(2), and it is why a mover cannot use a withdrawal to escape an adverse decision. Two quite different events trigger it: a <b>DISSENTIENT VOICE<\/b>, and a member <b>RISING TO CONTINUE THE DEBATE<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the low threshold.<\/b> No number is prescribed \u2014 a single voice suffices. Contrast the numbered thresholds elsewhere: <b>fifty<\/b> members rising for leave under Rules 60(2), 198(2) and 201(3), and <b>twenty-five<\/b> under Rule 225(2).<br><br>\r\n<b>\"Forthwith put the question\" is the standard formula for closing off further debate<\/b>, and it recurs throughout the book \u2014 <b>Rule 19(2)<\/b> (postponement of the President's Address discussion), the second proviso to <b>Rule 72(1)<\/b> (a Finance or Appropriation Bill's introduction), <b>Rule 191<\/b> and <b>Rule 198(4)<\/b> (the guillotine on motions), <b>Rule 208(2)<\/b> (demands for grants at 17.00 hours), <b>Rule 219(2)<\/b> (a Finance Bill), <b>Rules 291 and 297<\/b>, <b>Rule 341<\/b> (dilatory motions), <b>Rule 362(2)<\/b> (on closure being carried) and <b>Rule 363(2)<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 584, part: 8, partId: 17,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Motions\", rule: \"Rule 340\",\r\n    question: \"A member may move that the debate on a motion be adjourned\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"at any time after the motion has been made\",\r\n      \"only before any member other than the mover has spoken\",\r\n      \"only with the consent of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"only after the mover has exercised his right of reply\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) at any time after the motion has been made.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 340:<\/b> <i>\"AT ANY TIME AFTER A MOTION HAS BEEN MADE, A MEMBER MAY MOVE THAT THE DEBATE ON THE MOTION BE ADJOURNED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNo consent is required and no stage is excluded \u2014 which distinguishes Rule 340 from <b>Rule 109<\/b> in Chapter X, where a motion that the debate on a <b>BILL<\/b> be adjourned may be moved <i>\"at any stage of a Bill which is under discussion in the House\"<\/i> but only <b>WITH THE CONSENT OF THE SPEAKER<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>But the freedom is controlled at the other end, by Rule 341(1):<\/b> <i>\"If the Speaker is of opinion that a motion for THE ADJOURNMENT OF A DEBATE IS AN ABUSE OF THE RULES OF THE HOUSE, the Speaker may EITHER FORTHWITH PUT THE QUESTION THEREON OR DECLINE TO PROPOSE THE QUESTION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Two remedies, and they are quite different in effect:<\/b> putting the question <b>FORTHWITH<\/b> lets the House kill the dilatory motion at once without debate; <b>DECLINING TO PROPOSE<\/b> it means the House never votes on it at all.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 341(2) and (3)<\/b> extend the same power to two specific dilatory devices in the legislative process \u2014 a motion for the <b>RECIRCULATION<\/b> of a Bill where the original circulation was adequate or comprehensive, and a motion for <b>RE-COMMITTAL<\/b> or circulation after a Select or Joint Committee has reported, where the Committee has dealt with the Bill properly and no new circumstance has arisen.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 585, part: 8, partId: 18,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Motions\", rule: \"Rule 341(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Where the Speaker is of opinion that a motion for the adjournment of a debate is an abuse of the rules of the House, the Speaker may\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"either forthwith put the question thereon or decline to propose the question\",\r\n      \"direct the member to withdraw the motion\",\r\n      \"refer the question to the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n      \"adjourn the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) either forthwith put the question thereon or decline to propose the question.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 341(1):<\/b> <i>\"If the Speaker is of opinion that a motion for the adjournment of a debate is AN ABUSE OF THE RULES OF THE HOUSE, the Speaker may EITHER FORTHWITH PUT THE QUESTION THEREON OR DECLINE TO PROPOSE THE QUESTION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two remedies serve different situations.<\/b> Where the House plainly wants to get on, the Speaker <b>PUTS THE QUESTION FORTHWITH<\/b> and the dilatory motion is voted down without debate. Where it does not deserve even that, he <b>DECLINES TO PROPOSE<\/b> it \u2014 and the House never votes at all.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 341 covers THREE situations in all, and (2) and (3) are the untested ones:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>341(1)<\/b> \u2014 a motion for the <b>ADJOURNMENT OF A DEBATE<\/b> which is an abuse of the rules.<br>\r\n<b>341(2)<\/b> \u2014 a motion for the <b>RECIRCULATION<\/b> of a Bill to elicit further opinion, where the original circulation was <b>ADEQUATE OR COMPREHENSIVE<\/b>, or no circumstance has arisen since to warrant recirculation.<br>\r\n<b>341(3)<\/b> \u2014 a motion for <b>RE-COMMITTAL<\/b> to a Select or Joint Committee, or for circulation or recirculation after such a Committee has reported, where the Committee has <b>DEALT WITH THE BILL IN A PROPER MANNER<\/b> or no <b>UNFORESEEN OR NEW CIRCUMSTANCE<\/b> has arisen since the Bill emerged from it.<br><br>\r\nSub-rules (2) and (3) are the answer to the devices in <b>Rules 75(2), 77(1)(b) and 77(2)<\/b>, which allow a member to move recirculation or re-committal by way of amendment.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 586, part: 8, partId: 19,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Motions\", rule: \"Rule 341(2)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 341(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the Speaker may forthwith put the question on, or decline to propose the question on, a motion for the recirculation of a Bill to elicit further opinion, where the Speaker is of opinion that the motion is in the nature of a dilatory motion in abuse of the rules of the House inasmuch as\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the original circulation was adequate or comprehensive, or no circumstance has arisen since the previous circulation to warrant recirculation\",\r\n      \"the Bill has already been considered by a Select Committee\",\r\n      \"the member moving it has not given one day's notice\",\r\n      \"the Bill involves expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 341(2):<\/b> <i>\"If the Speaker is of opinion that a motion for RECIRCULATION OF A BILL TO ELICIT FURTHER OPINION thereon is in the nature of a DILATORY MOTION IN ABUSE OF THE RULES OF THE HOUSE inasmuch as THE ORIGINAL CIRCULATION WAS ADEQUATE OR COMPREHENSIVE OR THAT NO CIRCUMSTANCE HAS ARISEN SINCE THE PREVIOUS CIRCULATION TO WARRANT THE RECIRCULATION OF THE BILL, the Speaker may forthwith put the question thereon or decline to propose the question.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>TWO alternative grounds<\/b> \u2014 the earlier circulation was <b>ADEQUATE OR COMPREHENSIVE<\/b>, or <b>NOTHING NEW HAS HAPPENED<\/b> since. Either suffices.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 341(3)<\/b> applies the same test to the post-report stage, in parallel language: where a motion for <b>RE-COMMITTAL<\/b> to a Select or Joint Committee, or for circulation or recirculation after such a Committee has reported, is dilatory <i>\"inasmuch as the \u2026 Committee HAS DEALT WITH THE BILL IN A PROPER MANNER or that NO UNFORESEEN OR NEW CIRCUMSTANCE HAS ARISEN since the Bill emerged from such Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two sub-rules exist because Chapter X positively invites these motions.<\/b> Under <b>Rule 75(2)<\/b> any member may move, as an amendment, that a Bill be circulated for eliciting opinion; under <b>Rule 77(1)(b) and (2)<\/b>, that it be re-committed, or circulated or <b>RECIRCULATED<\/b> after the Committee's report. Rule 341(2) and (3) are what prevent those legitimate devices from being used simply to delay.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 587, part: 8, partId: 20,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Motions\", rule: \"Rule 341(3)\",\r\n    question: \"Where a motion is made for the re-committal of a Bill to a Select Committee of the House or a Joint Committee of the Houses after that Committee has reported thereon, the Speaker may treat it as a dilatory motion in abuse of the rules where\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Committee has dealt with the Bill in a proper manner, or no unforeseen or new circumstance has arisen since the Bill emerged from such Committee\",\r\n      \"the Committee has recorded minutes of dissent\",\r\n      \"the report of the Committee has already been published in the Gazette\",\r\n      \"the motion is moved by a member other than the member in charge\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 341(3):<\/b> the Speaker may forthwith put the question or decline to propose it where such a motion is dilatory <i>\"inasmuch as the Select Committee of the House or the Joint Committee of the Houses, as the case may be, HAS DEALT WITH THE BILL IN A PROPER MANNER OR THAT NO UNFORESEEN OR NEW CIRCUMSTANCE HAS ARISEN SINCE THE BILL EMERGED FROM SUCH COMMITTEE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the sub-rule's reach:<\/b> it covers <b>RE-COMMITTAL<\/b> to a Committee <b>AND<\/b> circulation or recirculation of the Bill after the Committee has reported. Both are motions expressly permitted by <b>Rule 77(1)(b) and (c)<\/b> and by <b>Rule 77(2)<\/b>, so the Speaker needs a power to stop their misuse.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the wording of sub-rules (2) and (3), which differ by one word:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>341(2)<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"no CIRCUMSTANCE has arisen since the previous circulation.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>341(3)<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"no UNFORESEEN OR NEW CIRCUMSTANCE has arisen since the Bill emerged from such Committee.\"<\/i><br>\r\nThe later stage attracts the stricter test, which makes sense: once a Committee has examined the Bill and reported, the case for sending it back must be stronger.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (b) is wrong, and instructively so.<\/b> A minute of dissent under <b>Rule 304<\/b> is a normal and expected feature of a Committee report; far from justifying re-committal, it is evidence that the Committee considered the matter fully.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 588, part: 8, partId: 21,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Motions\", rule: \"Rule 342\",\r\n    question: \"A motion that a policy or situation or statement or any other matter be taken into consideration\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall not be put to the vote of the House, and the House shall proceed to discuss the matter immediately on conclusion of the speech of the mover\",\r\n      \"shall be put to the vote of the House at the conclusion of the debate\",\r\n      \"shall be put to the vote only if the Speaker so directs\",\r\n      \"shall stand referred to the Business Advisory Committee for the allotment of time\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 342:<\/b> <i>\"A motion that the POLICY OR SITUATION OR STATEMENT OR ANY OTHER MATTER BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION SHALL NOT BE PUT TO THE VOTE OF THE HOUSE, but the House shall PROCEED TO DISCUSS SUCH MATTER IMMEDIATELY ON CONCLUSION OF THE SPEECH OF THE MOVER and NO FURTHER QUESTION SHALL BE PUT AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE DEBATE AT THE APPOINTED HOUR UNLESS A MEMBER MOVES A SUBSTANTIVE MOTION IN APPROPRIATE TERMS TO BE APPROVED BY THE SPEAKER and the vote of the House shall be taken on such motion.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This is the rule behind the \"discussion without a vote\" that dominates so much of the House's time.<\/b> The motion is never put; the House simply discusses. And at the end, <b>NO QUESTION IS PUT AT ALL<\/b> \u2014 unless a member takes the further step of moving a <b>SUBSTANTIVE MOTION<\/b> in terms the Speaker approves.<br><br>\r\n<b>The practical consequence is important:<\/b> the Government cannot be defeated on a Rule 342 discussion, because there is nothing to defeat. That distinguishes it from a motion under Chapter XIV, which is put under <b>Rule 191<\/b>, and from an adjournment motion, which amounts to censure.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 342 belongs with the other \"no vote\" provisions<\/b> \u2014 <b>Rule 55(5)<\/b> and <b>Rule 195<\/b> (no formal motion nor voting), <b>Rule 197(2)<\/b> (no debate on a Calling Attention statement) and <b>Rule 207(1)<\/b> (the Budget not submitted to the vote). All are exceptions saved by the opening words of <b>Rule 184<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 589, part: 8, partId: 22,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Motions\", rule: \"Rule 342\",\r\n    question: \"In the case of a motion that a policy, situation or statement be taken into consideration, a question may be put at the conclusion of the debate at the appointed hour only where\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a member moves a substantive motion in appropriate terms, to be approved by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Speaker so directs of his own motion\",\r\n      \"the Minister concerned so requests\",\r\n      \"not less than fifty members rise in their places\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 342:<\/b> <i>\"\u2026and NO FURTHER QUESTION SHALL BE PUT AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE DEBATE AT THE APPOINTED HOUR UNLESS A MEMBER MOVES A SUBSTANTIVE MOTION IN APPROPRIATE TERMS TO BE APPROVED BY THE SPEAKER and the vote of the House shall be taken on such motion.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>THREE conditions must be satisfied before the House votes on anything:<\/b> a <b>MEMBER<\/b> must move it \u2014 not the Speaker of his own motion and not a Minister; it must be a <b>SUBSTANTIVE MOTION IN APPROPRIATE TERMS<\/b>; and those terms must be <b>APPROVED BY THE SPEAKER<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The requirement of a \"substantive motion\" is a term of art in these Rules<\/b>, and it recurs wherever the House is to pass judgment on conduct or policy:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 186(iii)<\/b> and <b>Rule 210(iv)<\/b> \u2014 the conduct of persons who can only be challenged on a substantive motion.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 352(v)<\/b> and its Explanations \u2014 reflections on <b>persons in high authority<\/b> require a substantive motion drawn in proper terms.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 160(iii)(c)<\/b> \u2014 a petition shall not raise what a substantive motion or resolution can raise.<br><br>\r\n<b>The design of Rule 342 is deliberate:<\/b> the House may discuss freely without committing itself, and commits itself only if a member is willing to put a proposition in terms the Chair will accept. Discussion is easy; a verdict requires a further and formal step.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 590, part: 8, partId: 23,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Anticipating Discussion\", rule: \"Rule 343\",\r\n    question: \"The general bar in the rules against anticipating discussion operates in respect of any subject\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"of which notice has been given\",\r\n      \"which is likely to be discussed in the same session\",\r\n      \"which has been previously appointed for consideration in the same session\",\r\n      \"which has been included in the list of business\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) of which notice has been given.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 343:<\/b> <i>\"NO MEMBER SHALL ANTICIPATE THE DISCUSSION OF ANY SUBJECT OF WHICH NOTICE HAS BEEN GIVEN provided that in determining whether a discussion is out of order on the ground of anticipation, regard shall be had by the Speaker to the PROBABILITY OF THE MATTER ANTICIPATED BEING BROUGHT BEFORE THE HOUSE WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The three anticipation bars in the book are drawn to three different widths, and options (b) and (c) are the other two:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 186(vii)<\/b> \u2014 a <b>MOTION<\/b> shall not anticipate a matter <b>LIKELY TO BE DISCUSSED<\/b> in the same session. This is the <b>WIDEST<\/b>: it catches a subject of which no notice has yet been given at all.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 343<\/b> \u2014 the general rule: a subject <b>OF WHICH NOTICE HAS BEEN GIVEN<\/b>. An actual notice is required.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 210(xi)<\/b> \u2014 a <b>CUT MOTION<\/b> shall not anticipate a matter <b>PREVIOUSLY APPOINTED FOR CONSIDERATION<\/b> in the same session. The <b>NARROWEST<\/b>: the matter must have been set down.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) states no test in the Rules at all.<\/b> Inclusion in the list of business under <b>Rule 31(1)<\/b> is a matter of arrangement, not of admissibility, and Rule 343 does not turn on it.<br><br>\r\n<b>The PROBABILITY proviso is what stops the bar becoming a weapon.<\/b> Without it, any member could block a discussion indefinitely simply by tabling a notice that would never be reached. Only Rule 343 and <b>Rule 58(vi)<\/b> carry that test.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 591, part: 8, partId: 24,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Anticipating Discussion\", rule: \"Rules 186, 210 and 343\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the bar on anticipating discussion:<br>1. No member shall anticipate the discussion of any subject of which notice has been given.<br>2. A motion shall not anticipate discussion of a matter which is likely to be discussed in the same session.<br>3. A cut motion shall not anticipate a matter which has been previously appointed for consideration in the same session.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 343<\/b> \u2014 the general bar: no member shall anticipate the discussion of any subject <b>OF WHICH NOTICE HAS BEEN GIVEN<\/b>, regard being had to the probability of the matter being brought before the House within a reasonable time.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 186(vii)<\/b> \u2014 motions: shall not anticipate discussion of a matter <b>LIKELY TO BE DISCUSSED IN THE SAME SESSION<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 210(xi)<\/b> \u2014 cut motions: shall not anticipate a matter <b>PREVIOUSLY APPOINTED FOR CONSIDERATION IN THE SAME SESSION<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The three are drawn to three different widths, and the gradation is the substance of this item:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>WIDEST \u2014 Rule 186(vii):<\/b> \"likely to be discussed\" catches a matter that has not even been noticed yet.<br>\r\n<b>MIDDLE \u2014 Rule 343:<\/b> \"of which notice has been given\" requires an actual notice.<br>\r\n<b>NARROWEST \u2014 Rule 210(xi):<\/b> \"previously appointed for consideration\" requires the matter to have been set down.<br><br>\r\n<b>Only Rules 343 and 58(vi) carry the PROBABILITY test<\/b>, which prevents the bar from becoming a device for suppressing debate: a notice that will never be reached cannot be used to block a discussion indefinitely.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that anticipation and revival are mirror provisions<\/b>, closing the two ends of the session: <b>Rule 186(vi)<\/b> and <b>Rule 58(v)<\/b> bar reviving what has been discussed; <b>Rule 338<\/b> bars a question substantially identical to one already <b>DECIDED<\/b> in the session.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 592, part: 8, partId: 25,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Amendments\", rule: \"Rule 344\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the scope of amendments to a motion:<br>1. An amendment shall be relevant to, and within the scope of, the motion to which it is proposed.<br>2. An amendment shall not be moved which has merely the effect of a negative vote.<br>3. An amendment on a question shall not be inconsistent with a previous decision on the same question.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 344<\/b> states all three in its three sub-rules:<br>\r\n<b>(1)<\/b> <i>\"An amendment shall be RELEVANT TO, AND WITHIN THE SCOPE OF, the motion to which it is proposed.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>(2)<\/b> <i>\"An amendment shall not be moved which has MERELY THE EFFECT OF A NEGATIVE VOTE.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>(3)<\/b> <i>\"An amendment on a question shall not be INCONSISTENT WITH A PREVIOUS DECISION ON THE SAME QUESTION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Sub-rule (2) is the one worth dwelling on.<\/b> A member who simply opposes a motion votes against it; he does not need an amendment, and an amendment whose only effect would be to negative the motion is therefore superfluous. The rule keeps amendments to their proper function of <b>MODIFYING<\/b> a proposition.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the conditions for amendments to a BILL \u2014 Rule 80<\/b>, which has <b>SEVEN<\/b> clauses against these three, and adds requirements peculiar to legislation: not making the clause unintelligible or ungrammatical (iii), notice of a dependent series before the first is moved (iv), the Speaker determining the place at which an amendment is moved (v), refusal of a frivolous or meaningless amendment (vi), and an amendment to an amendment (vii).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rules 344 to 347 are the general provisions<\/b>, and they apply to amendments to <b>MOTIONS<\/b>; <b>Rule 177(1)<\/b> makes an amendment to a resolution <i>\"subject to the rules relating to resolutions\"<\/i>, so both sets bite there.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 593, part: 8, partId: 26,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Amendments\", rule: \"Rule 344(2)\",\r\n    question: \"An amendment shall not be moved which has merely the effect of\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"delaying the decision of the House\",\r\n      \"a negative vote\",\r\n      \"altering the words of the motion without altering its substance\",\r\n      \"raising a question of privilege\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) a negative vote.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 344(2):<\/b> <i>\"AN AMENDMENT SHALL NOT BE MOVED WHICH HAS MERELY THE EFFECT OF A NEGATIVE VOTE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The reason is that such an amendment achieves nothing the ordinary vote does not.<\/b> A member who wishes the motion defeated says \"No\" when the question is put under <b>Rule 367(1)<\/b>. An amendment exists to <b>CHANGE<\/b> a proposition, not to reject it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (a) describes a DILATORY motion<\/b>, dealt with quite separately by <b>Rule 341<\/b>: where the Speaker considers a motion for the adjournment of a debate, or for the recirculation or re-committal of a Bill, to be an abuse of the rules, he may forthwith put the question or decline to propose it.<br><br>\r\n<b>The three general conditions in Rule 344 have close counterparts in Rule 80 for Bills:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>344(1)<\/b> relevance and scope \u2194 <b>80(i)<\/b> within the scope of the Bill and relevant to the subject-matter of the clause.<br>\r\n<b>344(3)<\/b> not inconsistent with a previous decision \u2194 <b>80(ii)<\/b> not inconsistent with any previous decision of the House on the same question.<br>\r\n<b>344(2)<\/b> has no counterpart in Rule 80 \u2014 because a clause of a Bill is already put in the form \"That this clause do stand part of the Bill\" under <b>Rule 85(1)<\/b>, and a member who wants it out simply votes against that question.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 346<\/b> then gives the Speaker power to <b>SELECT<\/b> the amendments to be proposed, and <b>Rule 347<\/b> to put them in such order as he considers appropriate.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 594, part: 8, partId: 27,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Amendments\", rule: \"Rule 345\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 345 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, notice of an amendment to a motion shall be given one day before the day on which the motion is to be considered,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"and no amendment may be moved without such notice in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"unless the mover of the motion consents to its being moved without notice\",\r\n      \"unless the Speaker allows the amendment to be moved without such notice\",\r\n      \"unless the amendment is formal or consequential\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) unless the Speaker allows the amendment to be moved without such notice.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 345:<\/b> <i>\"NOTICE OF AN AMENDMENT TO A MOTION SHALL BE GIVEN ONE DAY BEFORE THE DAY ON WHICH THE MOTION IS TO BE CONSIDERED, UNLESS THE SPEAKER ALLOWS THE AMENDMENT TO BE MOVED WITHOUT SUCH NOTICE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>ONE DAY is the standard period for an amendment throughout the book<\/b>, and it always yields to the Speaker:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 345<\/b> \u2014 an amendment to a <b>MOTION<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 79(1)<\/b> \u2014 an amendment to a clause or schedule of a <b>BILL<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 177(2)<\/b> \u2014 an amendment to a <b>RESOLUTION<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 212<\/b> \u2014 a <b>CUT MOTION<\/b> on a demand for grant.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note a difference in drafting, however.<\/b> Rules 79(1), 177(2) and 212 all work through a member's <b>OBJECTION<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"any member may object \u2026 and such objection shall prevail, unless the Speaker allows\"<\/i>. Rule 345 dispenses with the objection altogether and simply makes the notice mandatory <b>UNLESS THE SPEAKER ALLOWS<\/b> otherwise. The practical result is much the same, but the mechanism differs, and an option that imports \"any member may object\" into Rule 345 would be wrong.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 346<\/b> supplies the Speaker's power of selection, in the same terms as <b>Rule 83<\/b> for Bills \u2014 he may also call on a member who has given notice to explain the <b>OBJECT<\/b> of his amendment.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 595, part: 8, partId: 28,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Amendments\", rule: \"Rule 346\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 346 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the Speaker shall have power to select the amendments to be proposed in respect of any motion, and if he thinks fit, may\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"call upon any member who has given notice of an amendment to give such explanation of the object of the amendment as may enable the Speaker to form a judgment upon it\",\r\n      \"require the amendment to be seconded by two other members\",\r\n      \"direct that the amendment be circulated to members before it is moved\",\r\n      \"refer the amendment to the mover of the motion for his comments\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 346:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall have POWER TO SELECT THE AMENDMENTS TO BE PROPOSED in respect of any motion, and IF THINKS FIT, MAY CALL UPON ANY MEMBER WHO HAS GIVEN NOTICE OF AN AMENDMENT TO GIVE SUCH EXPLANATION OF THE OBJECT OF THE AMENDMENT AS MAY ENABLE THE SPEAKER TO FORM A JUDGMENT UPON IT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Two powers in one rule<\/b> \u2014 <b>SELECTION<\/b>, so that not every amendment of which notice is given need be proposed; and a power to require the mover to <b>EXPLAIN ITS OBJECT<\/b> before the Speaker decides whether to select it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 346 is the counterpart of Rule 83 in Chapter X<\/b>, which is drafted in almost identical terms for new clauses and amendments to a Bill. The parallel runs further:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 347<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"The Speaker may PUT AMENDMENTS IN SUCH ORDER AS MAY BE CONSIDERED APPROPRIATE: Provided that the Speaker may REFUSE TO PUT AN AMENDMENT WHICH IN THE OPINION OF THE SPEAKER IS FRIVOLOUS.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 80(vi)<\/b> \u2014 for a Bill, the Speaker may refuse to propose an amendment which is, in his opinion, <b>FRIVOLOUS OR MEANINGLESS<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the small difference:<\/b> Rule 347 says <b>FRIVOLOUS<\/b>; Rule 80(vi) says <b>FRIVOLOUS OR MEANINGLESS<\/b>. And Rule 347 speaks of refusing to <b>PUT<\/b> an amendment, Rule 80(vi) of refusing to <b>PROPOSE<\/b> one.<br><br>\r\nThe power of calling for an explanation appears in one further place \u2014 the proviso to <b>Rule 44<\/b>, where the Speaker may ask a member to state briefly his reasons for desiring an oral answer.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 596, part: 8, partId: 29,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Amendments\", rule: \"Rule 347\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker may put amendments in such order as may be considered appropriate, but may refuse to put an amendment which in his opinion is\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"frivolous\",\r\n      \"irrelevant\",\r\n      \"dilatory\",\r\n      \"verbose\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) frivolous.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 347:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker MAY PUT AMENDMENTS IN SUCH ORDER AS MAY BE CONSIDERED APPROPRIATE: Provided that the Speaker MAY REFUSE TO PUT AN AMENDMENT WHICH IN THE OPINION OF THE SPEAKER IS FRIVOLOUS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The single word \"FRIVOLOUS\" is the answer, and the distractors are all real words from neighbouring rules:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>IRRELEVANT<\/b> and <b>VERBOSE<\/b> belong to <b>Rule 337<\/b>, which lets the Speaker <b>AMEND A NOTICE<\/b> containing words that are <i>\"argumentative, unparliamentary, ironical, irrelevant, verbose, or otherwise inappropriate.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>DILATORY<\/b> belongs to <b>Rule 341<\/b>, on motions in abuse of the rules.<br>\r\nAnd <b>Rule 80(vi)<\/b>, for amendments to a Bill, says <b>\"FRIVOLOUS OR MEANINGLESS\"<\/b> \u2014 one word more than Rule 347.<br><br>\r\n<b>The main limb is worth as much attention as the proviso.<\/b> The <b>ORDER<\/b> in which amendments are put is left entirely to the Speaker. Contrast <b>Rule 84<\/b> for a Bill, which sets a three-tier order: amendments arranged as they may be called; precedence to the <b>MEMBER IN CHARGE's<\/b> amendment where two raise the same question at the same point; and otherwise in the order notices are received.<br><br>\r\nSo for amendments to a <b>MOTION<\/b> the order is discretionary; for amendments to a <b>BILL<\/b> it is largely prescribed.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 597, part: 8, partId: 30,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Amendments\", rule: \"Rules 80 and 347\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. In respect of an amendment to a motion, the Speaker may refuse to put an amendment which in his opinion is frivolous.<br>2. In respect of an amendment to a clause of a Bill, the Speaker may refuse to propose an amendment which is, in his opinion, frivolous or meaningless.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 proviso to Rule 347:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that the Speaker may REFUSE TO PUT an amendment which in the opinion of the Speaker is FRIVOLOUS.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 80(vi):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may REFUSE TO PROPOSE an amendment which is, in the opinion of the Speaker, FRIVOLOUS OR MEANINGLESS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Both are correct, and the interest lies in the two differences of wording:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>THE GROUND<\/b> \u2014 Rule 347 says <b>FRIVOLOUS<\/b>; Rule 80(vi) says <b>FRIVOLOUS OR MEANINGLESS<\/b>. The Bill rule is the wider of the two.<br>\r\n<b>THE VERB<\/b> \u2014 Rule 347 refuses to <b>PUT<\/b> the amendment; Rule 80(vi) refuses to <b>PROPOSE<\/b> it. Proposing is the earlier step: under <b>Rule 365<\/b> the Speaker <i>\"shall PROPOSE the question for consideration, AND PUT IT for the decision of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The general and special provisions on amendments run in parallel throughout, and are best learnt as pairs:<\/b><br>\r\nscope \u2014 <b>344(1)<\/b> \u2194 <b>80(i)<\/b> \u00b7 previous decision \u2014 <b>344(3)<\/b> \u2194 <b>80(ii)<\/b> \u00b7 notice of one day \u2014 <b>345<\/b> \u2194 <b>79(1)<\/b> \u00b7 selection and explanation \u2014 <b>346<\/b> \u2194 <b>83<\/b> \u00b7 order and refusal \u2014 <b>347<\/b> \u2194 <b>80(v)\u2013(vi)<\/b> and <b>84<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nOnly <b>Rule 344(2)<\/b> \u2014 the bar on an amendment having merely the effect of a negative vote \u2014 has no counterpart in Rule 80.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 598, part: 8, partId: 31,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Amendments\", rule: \"Rule 344(3)\",\r\n    question: \"An amendment on a question shall not be\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"moved by a member who has already spoken to the motion\",\r\n      \"inconsistent with a previous decision on the same question\",\r\n      \"moved after the mover of the motion has replied\",\r\n      \"in the same terms as an amendment which the Speaker has declined to select\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) inconsistent with a previous decision on the same question.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 344(3):<\/b> <i>\"AN AMENDMENT ON A QUESTION SHALL NOT BE INCONSISTENT WITH A PREVIOUS DECISION ON THE SAME QUESTION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The rule protects the coherence of the House's own decisions.<\/b> Having decided a question one way, the House will not entertain an amendment that would contradict that decision \u2014 otherwise its proceedings could be made self-contradictory within a single debate.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same principle appears in three other places, each cast for its own subject-matter:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 80(ii)<\/b> \u2014 an amendment to a clause of a Bill shall not be inconsistent with any previous decision of the House on the same question.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 352(iv)<\/b> \u2014 a member while speaking shall not <b>REFLECT ON ANY DETERMINATION OF THE HOUSE EXCEPT ON A MOTION FOR RESCINDING IT<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 338<\/b> \u2014 a motion shall not raise a question substantially identical with one on which the House has given a decision in the same session.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the one lawful route to reopening a decision \u2014 Rule 352(iv)<\/b>: a <b>MOTION FOR RESCINDING<\/b> it. The House may change its mind, but only by squarely proposing to do so, not by side-wind through an inconsistent amendment.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (a) misstates Rule 358(2)<\/b>, which bars a member from speaking <b>MORE THAN ONCE<\/b> to a motion except in the exercise of a right of reply or with the Speaker's permission \u2014 a restriction on speaking, not on moving an amendment.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 599, part: 8, partId: 32,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Amendments\", rule: \"Rule 347\",\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, may the Speaker put amendments in such order as may be considered appropriate?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rule 344\",\r\n      \"Rule 345\",\r\n      \"Rule 346\",\r\n      \"Rule 347\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Rule 347.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 347<\/b> (marginal note: <i>Putting of amendments<\/i>): <i>\"The Speaker may put amendments in such order as may be considered appropriate: Provided that the Speaker may refuse to put an amendment which in the opinion of the Speaker is frivolous.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The four rules of this group run in a natural sequence, which is why they make a clean option set:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 344<\/b> \u2014 <b>SCOPE<\/b>: relevant to and within the scope of the motion; not merely the effect of a negative vote; not inconsistent with a previous decision on the same question.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 345<\/b> \u2014 <b>NOTICE<\/b>: one day before the day the motion is to be considered, unless the Speaker allows it without notice.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 346<\/b> \u2014 <b>SELECTION<\/b>: the Speaker selects the amendments to be proposed, and may require the mover to explain the object of his amendment.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 347<\/b> \u2014 <b>PUTTING<\/b>: order at the Speaker's discretion, with a power to refuse a frivolous amendment.<br><br>\r\n<b>Learn the group as scope \u2192 notice \u2192 selection \u2192 putting<\/b>, and the corresponding Bill provisions fall into place beside it: <b>Rule 80<\/b> (scope and conditions), <b>Rule 79(1)<\/b> (notice), <b>Rule 83<\/b> (selection) and <b>Rules 84 to 85<\/b> (arrangement and putting).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 600, part: 8, partId: 33,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Communication of President's Recommendation\", rule: \"Rule 348\",\r\n    question: \"Every sanction or recommendation by the President shall be communicated to the Secretary-General, in the terms set out in the rules, by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Secretary to the President\",\r\n      \"a Minister\",\r\n      \"the member in charge of the Bill or the mover of the amendment\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) a Minister.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 348:<\/b> <i>\"Every sanction or recommendation by the President shall be COMMUNICATED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL BY A MINISTER IN THE FOLLOWING TERMS:\u2014 'The President, HAVING BEEN INFORMED OF THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THE PROPOSED BILL, MOTION, DEMAND FOR GRANT OR AMENDMENT, accords the previous sanction to the introduction of the Bill or the moving of the amendment or, recommends the introduction of the Bill or the moving of the motion, demand for grant or amendment in the House or recommends to the House the consideration of the Bill.' IT SHALL BE PRINTED IN THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE HOUSE IN SUCH MANNER AS THE SPEAKER MAY DIRECT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 348 is the general rule of which Rules 68 and 82 are the particular applications.<\/b> All three make a <b>MINISTER<\/b> the channel, and the reason is constitutional: the President acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers under <b>Article 74(1)<\/b>, and Ministers are answerable to the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the four things a sanction or recommendation may relate to<\/b> \u2014 a <b>BILL<\/b>, a <b>MOTION<\/b>, a <b>DEMAND FOR GRANT<\/b> or an <b>AMENDMENT<\/b>. The demand for grant is the one most easily forgotten.<br><br>\r\n<b>The related provisions:<\/b> <b>Rule 65(2)<\/b> (annexed to the notice of a Bill, <i>\"conveyed through a Minister\"<\/i>) \u00b7 <b>Rule 81<\/b> (the same for an amendment, with the proviso exempting an amendment that abolishes or reduces a proposed tax or raises it to the limits of an existing tax) \u00b7 <b>Rules 68 and 82<\/b> (the order granting <b>OR WITHHOLDING<\/b> sanction, communicated by the Minister concerned in writing) \u00b7 <b>Rule 160A<\/b> (petitions).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 601, part: 8, partId: 34,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Communication of President's Recommendation\", rule: \"Rule 348\",\r\n    question: \"A sanction or recommendation by the President communicated to the Secretary-General shall be printed in the proceedings of the House\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in such manner as the Speaker may direct\",\r\n      \"in full, immediately after the relevant item of business\",\r\n      \"only if the Speaker so directs on a request being made by a member\",\r\n      \"as an annexure to the list of business for the day\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) in such manner as the Speaker may direct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 348<\/b>, closing words: <i>\"IT SHALL BE PRINTED IN THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE HOUSE IN SUCH MANNER AS THE SPEAKER MAY DIRECT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Printing is MANDATORY; only the MANNER is discretionary.<\/b> Option (c) inverts that \u2014 it makes the printing itself depend on a direction sought by a member, which the rule does not.<br><br>\r\nThe requirement matters because the President's sanction is a condition of validity. Under <b>Rule 65(2)<\/b>, where a Bill cannot be introduced without it, <i>\"the notice SHALL NOT BE VALID until this requirement is complied with\"<\/i>; and <b>Rule 81<\/b> says the same of an amendment. Printing the sanction in the proceedings puts on the permanent record that the condition was met.<br><br>\r\n<b>\"In such manner as the Speaker may direct\" is a recurring formula for the form of a record or publication:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 379<\/b> \u2014 the full report of the proceedings of the House is published <i>\"in such form and manner as the Speaker may, from time to time, direct.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 251(2)<\/b> \u2014 the report of a secret sitting, once the ban is lifted.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 249<\/b> \u2014 a report of a secret sitting issued <i>\"in such manner as the Speaker thinks fit.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 334(2)<\/b> \u2014 a paper is deemed made available if deposited in such manner and places as the Speaker directs.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 602, part: 8, partId: 35,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Rule 349(x)\",\r\n    question: \"Whilst the House is sitting, a member shall not applaud when a stranger enters\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Chamber\",\r\n      \"the Lobby\",\r\n      \"any of the Galleries, or the Special Box\",\r\n      \"the precincts of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) any of the Galleries, or the Special Box.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 349(x):<\/b> a member <i>\"SHALL NOT APPLAUD WHEN A STRANGER ENTERS ANY OF THE GALLERIES, OR THE SPECIAL BOX.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The SPECIAL BOX is the detail that makes this examinable<\/b> \u2014 the clause names two places, not one, and the Special Box is where distinguished visitors are seated.<br><br>\r\nThe rule belongs with <b>Rule 352(ix)<\/b>, added in 1989, under which a member while speaking shall <b>NOT MAKE ANY REFERENCE TO THE STRANGERS IN ANY OF THE GALLERIES<\/b>. Between them the two provisions keep the House's attention on its own business: visitors are neither greeted nor mentioned.<br><br>\r\n<b>\"Strangers\" is a defined class in the Rules<\/b>, dealt with in Rules 386 to 387A: their admission is regulated by orders made by the Speaker (386); the Speaker may order their withdrawal whenever he thinks fit (387); and an officer of the Secretariat authorised by the Speaker shall <b>REMOVE OR TAKE INTO CUSTODY<\/b> a stranger who is in a part of the precincts reserved for members, or who misconducts himself, or who fails to withdraw when directed (387A). Under <b>Rule 248(2)<\/b> no stranger may be present at a secret sitting at all.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 349 contains TWENTY-THREE clauses in all<\/b>, (i) to (xxiii), clauses (xi) to (xxiii) having been substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989 \u2014 the largest single list of prohibitions in the book.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 603, part: 8, partId: 36,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Rule 349(xiv)\",\r\n    question: \"Whilst the House is sitting, a member shall not wear or display badges of any kind in the House, except\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a badge indicating the party to which the member belongs\",\r\n      \"a badge authorised by the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"the National Flag in the form of a lapel pin or a badge\",\r\n      \"a badge worn on the occasion of a national day\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the National Flag in the form of a lapel pin or a badge.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 349(xiv):<\/b> a member <i>\"SHALL NOT WEAR TO DISPLAY BADGES OF ANY KIND IN THE HOUSE EXCEPT THE NATIONAL FLAG IN THE FORM OF A LAPEL PIN OR A BADGE.\"<\/i> The exception was <b>ADDED by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 19.3.2010<\/b> \u2014 one of the most recent amendments to Chapter XXVII.<br><br>\r\n<b>The date is worth remembering<\/b>, because 19.3.2010 is the same amendment date that altered <b>Rule 33<\/b> \u2014 the period of notice for a question, changed to <i>\"not less than FIFTEEN clear days\"<\/i>. Two unrelated changes made on one day.<br><br>\r\n<b>Clause (xiv) sits in a group of prohibitions on things brought into the Chamber<\/b>, and they are best learnt together:<br>\r\n<b>(xiv)<\/b> no <b>BADGES<\/b>, save the National Flag as a lapel pin or badge.<br>\r\n<b>(xv)<\/b> shall not <b>BRING OR DISPLAY ARMS<\/b> in the House.<br>\r\n<b>(xvi)<\/b> shall not display <b>FLAGS, EMBLEMS OR ANY EXHIBITS<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>(xix)<\/b> shall not place a <b>HAT OR CAP<\/b> on the desk, bring <b>BOARDS<\/b> into the Chamber for keeping files or for writing, <b>SMOKE<\/b>, or enter the House with the <b>COAT HANGING ON THE ARMS<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>(xx)<\/b> shall not carry a <b>WALKING STICK<\/b> unless permitted by the Speaker on <b>HEALTH GROUNDS<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>(xxii)<\/b> shall not bring or play a <b>CASSETTE OR TAPE RECORDER<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nNote that clauses (xiv) and (xx) are the only two admitting an exception.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 604, part: 8, partId: 37,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Rule 349(xx)\",\r\n    question: \"Whilst the House is sitting, a member shall not carry a walking stick into the House\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"unless permitted by the Speaker on health grounds\",\r\n      \"unless it is required for the member's personal safety\",\r\n      \"unless the member is unable to walk without it\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) unless permitted by the Speaker on health grounds.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 349(xx):<\/b> a member <i>\"SHALL NOT CARRY WALKING STICK INTO THE HOUSE UNLESS PERMITTED BY THE SPEAKER ON HEALTH GROUNDS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>TWO elements make up the exception<\/b>, and both are needed: the <b>SPEAKER's PERMISSION<\/b>, and <b>HEALTH GROUNDS<\/b>. Option (d) states a health ground but omits the permission, and that is why it fails \u2014 the member does not judge the matter for himself.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Rules make similar allowance for infirmity in two other places, and they form a small group worth collecting:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 351<\/b> \u2014 a member <i>\"DISABLED BY SICKNESS OR INFIRMITY MAY BE PERMITTED TO SPEAK SITTING\"<\/i>, notwithstanding the requirement that he rise when speaking.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 367B(4)<\/b> \u2014 a member <i>\"UNABLE TO GO TO THE DIVISION LOBBY OWING TO SICKNESS OR INFIRMITY may, WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER, have the vote recorded either at the allotted seat of such member or in the Lobby.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367A(3)<\/b> \u2014 a member unable to press the button <i>\"due to any reason CONSIDERED SUFFICIENT BY THE SPEAKER\"<\/i> may, with his permission, have the vote recorded verbally.<br><br>\r\nIn every case the concession is real but the Speaker's permission is the gateway. And in the two division rules there is a further limit \u2014 the vote must be recorded <b>BEFORE THE RESULT OF THE DIVISION IS ANNOUNCED<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 605, part: 8, partId: 38,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Rule 349\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following, which a member shall not do whilst the House is sitting:<br>1. tear off documents in the House in protest;<br>2. bring or play a cassette or tape recorder in the House;<br>3. sit or stand with back towards the Chair.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three are prohibitions in <b>Rule 349<\/b> \u2014 clauses (xxi), (xxii) and (xii) respectively:<br>\r\n<i>\"(xii) shall not SIT OR STAND WITH BACK TOWARDS THE CHAIR;<br>\r\n(xxi) shall not TEAR OFF DOCUMENTS IN THE HOUSE IN PROTEST;<br>\r\n(xxii) shall not BRING OR PLAY CASSETTE OR TAPE RECORDER in the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>All three belong to the block of clauses (xi) to (xxiii) SUBSTITUTED by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989<\/b> \u2014 the amendment that expanded Rule 349 to its present twenty-three clauses. That block is where most of the untested material in this rule lies, the papers having concentrated on the earlier clauses.<br><br>\r\n<b>The clauses concerning the Chair are worth grouping:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>(iii)<\/b> shall <b>BOW TO THE CHAIR<\/b> while entering or leaving the House, and when taking or leaving one's seat.<br>\r\n<b>(iv)<\/b> shall not <b>PASS BETWEEN THE CHAIR AND ANY MEMBER WHO IS SPEAKING<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>(v)<\/b> shall not <b>LEAVE THE HOUSE WHEN THE SPEAKER IS ADDRESSING<\/b> it \u2014 repeated as <b>Rule 361(2)<\/b>: <i>\"No member shall leave one's own seat while the Speaker is addressing the House.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>(vi)<\/b> shall <b>ALWAYS ADDRESS THE CHAIR<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>(xii)<\/b> shall not sit or stand with back towards the Chair.<br>\r\n<b>(xiii)<\/b> shall not <b>APPROACH THE CHAIR PERSONALLY<\/b> in the House \u2014 <i>\"the member may send chits to the officers at the Table, if necessary.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 606, part: 8, partId: 39,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Rule 349(xiii)\",\r\n    question: \"Whilst the House is sitting, a member shall not approach the Chair personally in the House; and the rule provides that the member\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"may address the Chair from his own place instead\",\r\n      \"may seek an interview with the Speaker after the sitting\",\r\n      \"may send chits to the officers at the Table, if necessary\",\r\n      \"may request the Secretary-General to convey the matter to the Chair\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) may send chits to the officers at the Table, if necessary.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 349(xiii):<\/b> a member <i>\"SHALL NOT APPROACH THE CHAIR PERSONALLY IN THE HOUSE. THE MEMBER MAY SEND CHITS TO THE OFFICERS AT THE TABLE, IF NECESSARY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The clause is unusual in providing its own alternative<\/b>, and that alternative is the answer. Most clauses of Rule 349 are bare prohibitions; this one supplies the permitted substitute in the same breath.<br><br>\r\n<b>\"The Table\" is defined in Rule 2(1)<\/b> as the Table of the House, and the officers at the Table are the Secretariat officers who sit there. They appear at several points in the division rules:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 367AA(2)<\/b> \u2014 the Division Clerks collect the Aye and No slips and bring them <b>TO THE TABLE<\/b>, where the votes are counted by the <b>OFFICERS AT THE TABLE<\/b> and the totals presented to the Speaker.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 367B(2)<\/b> \u2014 the same for the Division Lists after voting in the Lobbies.<br><br>\r\n<b>The prohibition on approaching the Chair fits the wider scheme of Rule 351<\/b>: a member <i>\"shall SPEAK FROM ONE'S OWN PLACE, shall RISE when speaking and shall ADDRESS THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i> Business is transacted from a member's own seat, across the floor, and on the record \u2014 not in private conversation at the Chair.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 607, part: 8, partId: 40,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Rule 349(xxiii)\",\r\n    question: \"Whilst the House is sitting, a member shall avoid talking or laughing\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in the Chamber during the Question Hour\",\r\n      \"in the Galleries reserved for members\",\r\n      \"in the Lobby loud enough to be heard in the House\",\r\n      \"while another member is putting a question\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) in the Lobby loud enough to be heard in the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 349(xxiii):<\/b> a member <i>\"SHALL AVOID TALKING OR LAUGHING IN LOBBY LOUD ENOUGH TO BE HEARD IN THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This is the last of the twenty-three clauses, and the only one that operates OUTSIDE the Chamber.<\/b> Every other clause of Rule 349 regulates conduct in the House itself; clause (xxiii) reaches into the <b>LOBBY<\/b> \u2014 and does so precisely because noise there can be heard in the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>\"Lobby\" is defined in Rule 2(1)<\/b> as <i>\"the covered corridor immediately adjoining the Chamber and coterminous with it.\"<\/i> Its physical adjacency to the Chamber is what makes the rule necessary, and the same adjacency explains its role elsewhere: it is cleared before a division under <b>Rule 367(3)(a)<\/b>, it is one of the places from which strangers are excluded at a secret sitting under <b>Rule 248(2)<\/b>, and it forms part of the <b>PRECINCTS OF THE HOUSE<\/b> as defined in Rule 2(1) \u2014 <i>\"the Chamber, the Lobbies, the Galleries and such other places as the Speaker may from time to time specify.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the softer verb.<\/b> Clause (xxiii) says a member <b>\"SHALL AVOID\"<\/b>, where most clauses say <b>\"SHALL NOT\"<\/b>. Only two clauses of Rule 349 are cast in that milder form \u2014 clause (ix), which requires a member to <b>AVOID MAKING RUNNING COMMENTARIES<\/b> when another member is speaking, and this one.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 608, part: 8, partId: 41,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Rule 349(ix)\",\r\n    question: \"Whilst the House is sitting, a member shall not obstruct proceedings, hiss or interrupt, and shall avoid making running commentaries when\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker is addressing the House\",\r\n      \"a division is in progress\",\r\n      \"another member is speaking\",\r\n      \"a Minister is answering a question\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) another member is speaking.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 349(ix):<\/b> a member <i>\"SHALL NOT OBSTRUCT PROCEEDINGS, HISS OR INTERRUPT AND SHALL AVOID MAKING RUNNING COMMENTARIES WHEN ANOTHER MEMBER IS SPEAKING.\"<\/i> (The closing words were substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that the clause contains FOUR prohibitions of two different strengths:<\/b> a member <b>SHALL NOT<\/b> obstruct proceedings, hiss or interrupt; and <b>SHALL AVOID<\/b> making running commentaries.<br><br>\r\n<b>Clause (ix) belongs with the group protecting a member who has the floor:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>(ii)<\/b> shall not <b>INTERRUPT ANY MEMBER WHILE SPEAKING<\/b> by disorderly expression or noises or in any other disorderly manner.<br>\r\n<b>(iv)<\/b> shall not <b>PASS BETWEEN THE CHAIR AND ANY MEMBER WHO IS SPEAKING<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>(viii)<\/b> shall <b>MAINTAIN SILENCE WHEN NOT SPEAKING<\/b> in the House.<br>\r\n<b>(xi)<\/b> shall not <b>SHOUT SLOGANS<\/b> in the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>Obstruction has consequences beyond Rule 349, and this is where the chapter's sanctions come in:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 373<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may direct a member whose conduct is <b>GROSSLY DISORDERLY<\/b> to withdraw for the remainder of the day's sitting.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 374<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may <b>NAME<\/b> a member who disregards the authority of the Chair or <b>PERSISTENTLY AND WILFULLY OBSTRUCTS<\/b> business, and on a motion the House may suspend him.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 374A<\/b> \u2014 a member coming into the <b>WELL OF THE HOUSE<\/b> or shouting slogans stands <b>AUTOMATICALLY SUSPENDED<\/b> on being named.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 609, part: 8, partId: 42,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Rule 349(xviii)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 349(xviii) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a member shall not distribute within the precincts of Parliament House any literature, questionnaire, pamphlets, press notes or leaflets\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"not connected with the business of the House\",\r\n      \"without the permission of the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"except on days on which the House does not sit\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) not connected with the business of the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 349(xviii):<\/b> a member <i>\"SHALL NOT DISTRIBUTE WITHIN THE PRECINCTS OF PARLIAMENT HOUSE ANY LITERATURE, QUESTIONNAIRE, PAMPHLETS, PRESS NOTES, LEAFLETS, ETC. NOT CONNECTED WITH THE BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The qualifying words are the whole answer.<\/b> The prohibition is not absolute \u2014 material <b>CONNECTED WITH THE BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE<\/b> may be distributed. That is why option (a) fails.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note also the geographical reach:<\/b> clause (xviii) speaks of the <b>PRECINCTS OF PARLIAMENT HOUSE<\/b>, not merely the House. It is, with clause (xxiii) on noise in the Lobby, one of only two clauses of Rule 349 operating outside the Chamber.<br><br>\r\n<b>The test of connection with the business of the House recurs in Rule 382<\/b>, which governs printing and publication: the Speaker may authorise the printing, publication, distribution or sale of any paper, document or report <b>IN CONNECTION WITH THE BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE<\/b>; such a paper is then <b>DEEMED<\/b> to have been published under the authority of the House within the meaning of <b>Article 105(2)<\/b>; and <b>Rule 382(3)<\/b> provides that if a question arises whether a paper is in connection with the business of the House, <i>\"the question shall be REFERRED TO THE SPEAKER WHOSE DECISION SHALL BE FINAL.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo the same phrase marks the boundary of what may be distributed by a member and of what carries the protection of Article 105(2).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 610, part: 8, partId: 43,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Rule 350\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 350 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where more members than one rise to speak at the same time,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the member who rose first shall be entitled to speak\",\r\n      \"the senior-most among them shall be entitled to speak\",\r\n      \"the member whose name is called by the Speaker shall be entitled to speak\",\r\n      \"the Speaker shall call them in the order in which their names appear in the list of business\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the member whose name is called by the Speaker shall be entitled to speak.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 350:<\/b> <i>\"When a member rises to speak, THE NAME OF SUCH MEMBER SHALL BE CALLED BY THE SPEAKER. IF MORE MEMBERS THAN ONE RISE AT THE SAME TIME, THE MEMBER WHOSE NAME IS SO CALLED SHALL BE ENTITLED TO SPEAK.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The right to speak comes from the CALL, not from rising first.<\/b> That is the point of the rule, and it is the foundation of the Chair's control of debate: <b>Rule 358(1)<\/b> provides that after the mover has spoken, <i>\"other members may speak to the motion IN SUCH ORDER AS THE SPEAKER MAY CALL UPON THEM.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 358(1) adds a consequence that catches members out:<\/b> <i>\"IF ANY MEMBER WHO IS SO CALLED UPON DOES NOT SPEAK, SUCH MEMBER SHALL NOT BE ENTITLED, EXCEPT WITH THE PERMISSION OF SPEAKER, TO SPEAK TO THE MOTION AT ANY LATER STAGE OF THE DEBATE.\"<\/i> A member who is called and stays silent forfeits his turn.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 351<\/b> completes the picture of how a member speaks: <i>\"A member desiring to make any observations on any matter before the House shall SPEAK FROM ONE'S OWN PLACE, SHALL RISE WHEN SPEAKING AND SHALL ADDRESS THE SPEAKER: Provided that a member DISABLED BY SICKNESS OR INFIRMITY MAY BE PERMITTED TO SPEAK SITTING.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nAnd <b>Rule 349(vii)<\/b> requires a member to <b>KEEP TO HIS OWN USUAL SEAT<\/b> while addressing the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 611, part: 8, partId: 44,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Rule 351\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 351 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a member desiring to make any observations on any matter before the House shall speak from his own place, shall rise when speaking and shall address the Speaker; but a member disabled by sickness or infirmity\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"may be permitted to speak sitting\",\r\n      \"may be permitted to speak from any convenient place in the Chamber\",\r\n      \"may be permitted to have his speech read out by another member\",\r\n      \"may be permitted to lay his speech on the Table\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) may be permitted to speak sitting.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 351:<\/b> <i>\"A member desiring to make any observations on any matter before the House shall SPEAK FROM ONE'S OWN PLACE, SHALL RISE WHEN SPEAKING AND SHALL ADDRESS THE SPEAKER: Provided that A MEMBER DISABLED BY SICKNESS OR INFIRMITY MAY BE PERMITTED TO SPEAK SITTING.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso relaxes ONE of the three requirements only<\/b> \u2014 the member may sit, but he must still speak from his own place and address the Speaker. That is why option (b) is wrong.<br><br>\r\n<b>The three requirements each have a counterpart in Rule 349:<\/b> speaking from one's own place answers to <b>349(vii)<\/b> (keep to one's usual seat while addressing the House); addressing the Speaker to <b>349(vi)<\/b> (shall always address the Chair); and the whole is reinforced by <b>Rule 355<\/b>, under which a question to another member must be asked <b>THROUGH THE SPEAKER<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (c) would offend Rule 352(xi)<\/b>, added in 1989: a member while speaking shall not <b>READ A WRITTEN SPEECH EXCEPT WITH THE PREVIOUS PERMISSION OF THE CHAIR<\/b> \u2014 and in any case a speech is personal to the member making it.<br><br>\r\n<b>The sickness-or-infirmity concession appears in two other places<\/b>, both in the division rules: <b>Rule 367B(4)<\/b>, where a member unable to go to the Division Lobby owing to sickness or infirmity may with the Speaker's permission have his vote recorded at his seat or in the Lobby; and <b>Rule 367A(3)<\/b>, for a member unable to press the button.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 612, part: 8, partId: 45,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Rule 352(xi)\",\r\n    question: \"A member while speaking shall not read a written speech\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"unless the speech has been laid on the Table\",\r\n      \"except with the previous permission of the Chair\",\r\n      \"except where the member is replying on behalf of the Government\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) except with the previous permission of the Chair.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 352(xi):<\/b> a member while speaking shall not <i>\"READ A WRITTEN SPEECH EXCEPT WITH THE PREVIOUS PERMISSION OF THE CHAIR.\"<\/i> (Clauses (ix), (x) and (xi) were <b>ADDED<\/b> by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the word \"PREVIOUS\"<\/b> \u2014 the permission must be obtained before the speech, not sought in the middle of it.<br><br>\r\n<b>The three clauses added in 1989 are the untested part of Rule 352, and they are worth learning as a set:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>(ix)<\/b> shall not <b>MAKE ANY REFERENCE TO THE STRANGERS IN ANY OF THE GALLERIES<\/b> \u2014 the counterpart of Rule 349(x), which forbids applauding when a stranger enters a Gallery or the Special Box.<br>\r\n<b>(x)<\/b> shall not <b>REFER TO GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS BY NAME<\/b> \u2014 because an official cannot answer for himself in the House; the Minister answers for him.<br>\r\n<b>(xi)<\/b> shall not read a written speech except with the previous permission of the Chair.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 352 contains ELEVEN clauses in all<\/b>, one of which \u2014 an unnumbered clause after (vii) \u2014 was <b>OMITTED<\/b> on the same date. The earlier clauses cover a matter on which a judicial decision is pending (i), personal references imputing motive (ii), offensive expressions about Parliament or a State Legislature (iii), reflections on a determination of the House except on a motion for rescinding it (iv), <b>persons in high authority<\/b> (v), the President's name to influence debate (vi), treasonable, seditious or defamatory words (vii), and use of the right of speech to obstruct business (viii).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 613, part: 8, partId: 46,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Rule 352(x)\",\r\n    question: \"A member while speaking shall not refer to\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"any Minister by name\",\r\n      \"Government officials by name\",\r\n      \"any member of the Council by name\",\r\n      \"the proceedings of a Parliamentary Committee\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Government officials by name.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 352(x):<\/b> a member while speaking shall not <i>\"REFER TO GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS BY NAME.\"<\/i> (Added by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>The reason is the doctrine of Ministerial responsibility.<\/b> A civil servant has no voice in the House and cannot defend himself; the Minister answers for his department. Naming an official exposes him to criticism he cannot meet.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same protection is given in wider terms by Rule 352(v)<\/b>, which forbids reflections upon <b>THE CONDUCT OF PERSONS IN HIGH AUTHORITY<\/b> unless the discussion is based on a substantive motion drawn in proper terms \u2014 with <b>Explanations<\/b> defining that expression as <i>\"persons whose conduct can only be discussed on a substantive motion drawn in proper terms under the Constitution or such other persons whose conduct, IN THE OPINION OF THE SPEAKER, should be discussed on a substantive motion drawn up in terms approved by the Speaker.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note that the second limb of the Explanation is open-ended<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may treat any person as being in high authority for this purpose.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (a) is wrong because a MINISTER is answerable to the House<\/b> and may be named; what may not be done is to impute motives to him or question his bona fides, which is barred by <b>Rule 352(ii)<\/b> <i>\"unless it be imperatively necessary for the purpose of the debate being itself a matter in issue or relevant thereto.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 353<\/b> adds the safeguard for allegations against <b>ANY PERSON<\/b>: adequate advance notice to the <b>SPEAKER AND ALSO TO THE MINISTER CONCERNED<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 614, part: 8, partId: 47,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Rule 352(v)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 352(v) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, for the purposes of the bar on reflecting upon the conduct of persons in high authority, the words \\\"persons in high authority\\\" mean\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Ministers and Ministers of State only\",\r\n      \"holders of offices whose salaries are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India\",\r\n      \"persons whose conduct can only be discussed on a substantive motion drawn in proper terms under the Constitution, or such other persons whose conduct, in the opinion of the Speaker, should be so discussed\",\r\n      \"persons holding office under the Union or a State\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Explanations to Rule 352(v):<\/b> <i>\"The words 'PERSONS IN HIGH AUTHORITY' mean PERSONS WHOSE CONDUCT CAN ONLY BE DISCUSSED ON A SUBSTANTIVE MOTION DRAWN IN PROPER TERMS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OR SUCH OTHER PERSONS WHOSE CONDUCT, IN THE OPINION OF THE SPEAKER, SHOULD BE DISCUSSED ON A SUBSTANTIVE MOTION DRAWN UP IN TERMS APPROVED BY THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The definition has TWO limbs, and the second is much the wider.<\/b> The first is fixed by the Constitution and covers those whose conduct can be raised only on a substantive motion \u2014 chiefly <b>JUDGES<\/b> of the Supreme Court and High Courts (Articles 121 and 124(4)), the <b>SPEAKER and DEPUTY SPEAKER<\/b> (Article 94(c)), the <b>COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL<\/b> (Article 148(1)) and the <b>PRESIDENT<\/b> (Article 61). The second limb is open: the Speaker may treat any other person as being in high authority.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 352(v)<\/b> itself: a member while speaking shall not <i>\"REFLECT UPON THE CONDUCT OF PERSONS IN HIGH AUTHORITY UNLESS THE DISCUSSION IS BASED ON A SUBSTANTIVE MOTION DRAWN IN PROPER TERMS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The same protection appears wherever the House might otherwise censure someone informally:<\/b> <b>Rule 41(2)(x)<\/b> for questions, <b>Rule 186(iii)<\/b> for motions, <b>Rule 210(iv)<\/b> for cut motions, and <b>Rule 353<\/b>, which requires advance notice of any defamatory or incriminatory allegation against <b>ANY PERSON<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Article 121<\/b> is the strongest of these: no discussion shall take place in Parliament with respect to the conduct of a Judge in the discharge of his duties except on a motion for an address for his removal.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 615, part: 8, partId: 48,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Rule 353\",\r\n    question: \"No allegation of a defamatory or incriminatory nature shall be made by a member against any person unless the member has given adequate advance notice\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"to the Speaker\",\r\n      \"to the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"to the Speaker and also to the Minister concerned\",\r\n      \"to the person against whom the allegation is to be made\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) to the Speaker and also to the Minister concerned.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 353:<\/b> <i>\"NO ALLEGATION OF A DEFAMATORY OR INCRIMINATORY NATURE SHALL BE MADE BY A MEMBER AGAINST ANY PERSON UNLESS THE MEMBER HAS GIVEN ADEQUATE ADVANCE NOTICE TO THE SPEAKER AND ALSO TO THE MINISTER CONCERNED SO THAT THE MINISTER MAY BE ABLE TO MAKE AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE MATTER FOR THE PURPOSE OF A REPLY.\"<\/i> (The words \"adequate advance notice\" were substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>BOTH addressees are required<\/b> \u2014 and the rule states its own purpose: notice to the Minister exists <b>SO THAT HE MAY INVESTIGATE AND REPLY<\/b>. The person maligned cannot answer in the House, so a Minister answers for him.<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso gives the Chair an overriding power to stop the allegation altogether:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that the Speaker MAY AT ANY TIME PROHIBIT ANY MEMBER FROM MAKING ANY SUCH ALLEGATION IF THE SPEAKER IS OF OPINION THAT SUCH ALLEGATION IS DEROGATORY TO THE DIGNITY OF THE HOUSE OR THAT NO PUBLIC INTEREST IS SERVED BY MAKING SUCH ALLEGATION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>TWO grounds of prohibition, and the second is notably wide:<\/b> derogatory to the <b>DIGNITY OF THE HOUSE<\/b>, or serving <b>NO PUBLIC INTEREST<\/b>. Compliance with the notice requirement therefore does not guarantee that the allegation may be made.<br><br>\r\n<b>Read Rule 353 with Rule 380<\/b>, the remedy after the event: where words used in debate are <b>DEFAMATORY OR INDECENT OR UNPARLIAMENTARY OR UNDIGNIFIED<\/b>, the Speaker may order them <b>EXPUNGED<\/b> from the proceedings.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 616, part: 8, partId: 49,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 353\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker may at any time prohibit a member from making an allegation of a defamatory or incriminatory nature against any person if the Speaker is of opinion that\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the allegation is derogatory to the dignity of the House, or that no public interest is served by making such allegation\",\r\n      \"the member has not given notice to the person against whom the allegation is made\",\r\n      \"the matter is under investigation by an authority competent to inquire into it\",\r\n      \"the allegation relates to a person who is not answerable to the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 353:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that the Speaker MAY AT ANY TIME PROHIBIT ANY MEMBER FROM MAKING ANY SUCH ALLEGATION IF THE SPEAKER IS OF OPINION THAT SUCH ALLEGATION IS DEROGATORY TO THE DIGNITY OF THE HOUSE OR THAT NO PUBLIC INTEREST IS SERVED BY MAKING SUCH ALLEGATION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>TWO grounds, either sufficient<\/b>, and the words <b>\"AT ANY TIME\"<\/b> mean the Speaker may intervene before, during or in the course of the allegation being made.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that the proviso operates even where the member has complied fully with the main limb<\/b> \u2014 that is, even where adequate advance notice has been given both to the Speaker and to the Minister concerned. Notice is a necessary condition, not a sufficient one.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (b) misstates the addressees.<\/b> Under Rule 353 the notice goes to the <b>SPEAKER AND THE MINISTER CONCERNED<\/b> \u2014 never to the person against whom the allegation is made. The Minister investigates and replies on that person's behalf.<br><br>\r\n<b>The \"dignity of the House\" appears in one other place, and it is worth pairing:<\/b> <b>Rule 380<\/b>, under which the Speaker may order the expunction of words used in debate which are <b>DEFAMATORY OR INDECENT OR UNPARLIAMENTARY OR UNDIGNIFIED<\/b>; and <b>Rule 381<\/b> requires the expunged portion to be marked by <b>ASTERISKS<\/b> with the footnote <i>\"Expunged as ordered by the Chair.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo Rule 353 is prevention and Rule 380 is cure, and both rest on the same conception of the House's dignity.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 617, part: 8, partId: 50,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Rule 354\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 354 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, no speech made in the Council shall be quoted in the House unless it is\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a speech made by a Minister\",\r\n      \"a definite statement of policy by a Minister\",\r\n      \"a speech made during a current session of the Council\",\r\n      \"a speech relating to a Bill pending before the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) a definite statement of policy by a Minister.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 354:<\/b> <i>\"NO SPEECH MADE IN THE COUNCIL SHALL BE QUOTED IN THE HOUSE UNLESS IT IS A DEFINITE STATEMENT OF POLICY BY A MINISTER: Provided that the Speaker, ON A REQUEST BEING MADE IN ADVANCE, MAY GIVE PERMISSION TO A MEMBER TO QUOTE A SPEECH OR MAKE REFERENCE TO THE PROCEEDINGS IN THE COUNCIL, IF THE SPEAKER THINKS THAT SUCH A COURSE IS NECESSARY IN ORDER TO ENABLE THE MEMBER TO DEVELOP A POINT OF PRIVILEGE OR PROCEDURE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note that option (a) is not enough<\/b> \u2014 the speech must be a <b>DEFINITE STATEMENT OF POLICY<\/b> by a Minister, not merely a Ministerial speech. A Minister's argument in debate is not quotable; his announcement of Government policy is.<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso opens a narrow door, and its limits are all examinable:<\/b> the request must be made <b>IN ADVANCE<\/b>; the Speaker must think the course <b>NECESSARY<\/b>; and it must be to enable the member to develop <b>A POINT OF PRIVILEGE OR PROCEDURE<\/b> \u2014 nothing else.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 354 belongs to a small family protecting the other House from being drawn into this one's debates:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 51<\/b> \u2014 an answer to a question shall not refer to the answer to a question or to proceedings in the <b>COUNCIL<\/b> during a current session.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 352(iii)<\/b> \u2014 a member shall not use <b>OFFENSIVE EXPRESSIONS<\/b> about the conduct or proceedings of Parliament or <b>ANY STATE LEGISLATURE<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nThe principle is that each House is master of its own proceedings, and neither sits in judgment on the other.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 618, part: 8, partId: 51,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 354\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker may, on a request being made in advance, give permission to a member to quote a speech or make reference to the proceedings in the Council, where the Speaker thinks such a course necessary in order to enable the member to develop\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"an argument on a Bill pending before the House\",\r\n      \"a point of privilege or procedure\",\r\n      \"a point of order\",\r\n      \"a matter of urgent public importance\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) a point of privilege or procedure.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 354:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that the Speaker, ON A REQUEST BEING MADE IN ADVANCE, may give permission to a member to quote a speech or make reference to the proceedings in the Council, IF THE SPEAKER THINKS THAT SUCH A COURSE IS NECESSARY IN ORDER TO ENABLE THE MEMBER TO DEVELOP A POINT OF PRIVILEGE OR PROCEDURE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Option (c) is the trap, and the distinction is a fine one.<\/b> The proviso says <b>PRIVILEGE OR PROCEDURE<\/b> \u2014 it does not say <b>POINT OF ORDER<\/b>. Those are distinct concepts in these Rules, and <b>Rule 376(5)<\/b> puts it beyond doubt: <i>\"A POINT OF ORDER IS NOT POINT OF PRIVILEGE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>A point of order is defined by Rule 376(1)<\/b> as relating to <i>\"the INTERPRETATION OR ENFORCEMENT of these rules or such Articles of the Constitution as regulate the business of the House\"<\/i>, raising a question within the cognizance of the Speaker. A question of <b>PRIVILEGE<\/b> is governed by Chapter XX, Rules 222 to 228. The proviso to Rule 354 covers privilege and procedure; a point of order is neither, though it may overlap with procedure.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the three conditions in the proviso<\/b>, all of which must be satisfied: a request made <b>IN ADVANCE<\/b>; the Speaker's view that the course is <b>NECESSARY<\/b>; and the purpose of developing a point of privilege or procedure.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 355<\/b> follows immediately, and governs the related matter of asking a question of another member: it must be asked <b>THROUGH THE SPEAKER<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 619, part: 8, partId: 52,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Rule 355\",\r\n    question: \"Where, for the purposes of explanation during discussion or for any other sufficient reason, a member has occasion to ask a question of another member on a matter then under the consideration of the House, the member shall ask such question\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"directly, after obtaining the leave of the member concerned\",\r\n      \"through the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"through the Speaker\",\r\n      \"only after the member concerned has finished speaking\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) through the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 355:<\/b> <i>\"When, for the purposes of EXPLANATION DURING DISCUSSION OR FOR ANY OTHER SUFFICIENT REASON, any member has occasion to ask a question of another member ON ANY MATTER THEN UNDER THE CONSIDERATION OF THE HOUSE, THE MEMBER SHALL ASK SUCH QUESTION THROUGH THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the limit \u2014 \"on any matter THEN UNDER THE CONSIDERATION of the House.\"<\/b> Rule 355 does not authorise cross-examination at large; it applies to the matter actually before the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>The rule is a direct application of Rule 349(vi)<\/b> \u2014 a member <i>\"shall ALWAYS ADDRESS THE CHAIR\"<\/i> \u2014 and of <b>Rule 351<\/b>, which requires him to <b>ADDRESS THE SPEAKER<\/b>. Everything in the Chamber is said to the Chair, never across the floor from member to member; that is what keeps debate orderly and on the record.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 356<\/b> then gives the Chair its remedy against a speech that goes nowhere: <i>\"The Speaker, AFTER HAVING CALLED THE ATTENTION OF THE HOUSE TO THE CONDUCT OF A MEMBER WHO PERSISTS IN IRRELEVANCE OR IN TEDIOUS REPETITION either in one's own arguments or of the arguments used by other members in debate, MAY DIRECT THAT MEMBER TO DISCONTINUE THE SPEECH.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the precondition in Rule 356<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker must first have <b>CALLED THE ATTENTION OF THE HOUSE<\/b> to the member's conduct; only then may he direct him to stop. Compare <b>Rule 179<\/b>, which requires the discussion on a resolution to be <b>STRICTLY RELEVANT<\/b> to it, and <b>Rule 349<\/b> generally.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 620, part: 8, partId: 53,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Rule 356\",\r\n    question: \"Where a member persists in irrelevance or in tedious repetition, either of his own arguments or of the arguments used by other members in debate, the Speaker may direct that member to discontinue his speech\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"forthwith, without any prior step\",\r\n      \"after the House has resolved that the member be not further heard\",\r\n      \"after having called the attention of the House to the conduct of that member\",\r\n      \"only if the member has already spoken for more than fifteen minutes\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) after having called the attention of the House to the conduct of that member.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 356:<\/b> <i>\"THE SPEAKER, AFTER HAVING CALLED THE ATTENTION OF THE HOUSE TO THE CONDUCT OF A MEMBER WHO PERSISTS IN IRRELEVANCE OR IN TEDIOUS REPETITION either in one's own arguments or of the arguments used by other members in debate, MAY DIRECT THAT MEMBER TO DISCONTINUE THE SPEECH.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The precondition is the answer<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker must first call the attention of the <b>HOUSE<\/b> to the member's conduct. The direction to stop is not summary; it follows a public notice that the member is offending.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the two grounds and their breadth:<\/b> <b>IRRELEVANCE<\/b>, and <b>TEDIOUS REPETITION<\/b> \u2014 and repetition is caught whether the member is repeating <b>HIMSELF<\/b> or <b>OTHER MEMBERS<\/b>. The latter limb is the more useful in practice, and the one more often forgotten.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 356 is one of a graded series of powers over a member who is speaking:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 356<\/b> \u2014 direct him to <b>DISCONTINUE THE SPEECH<\/b>, after calling the attention of the House.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 361(1)<\/b> \u2014 when the Speaker rises, any member then speaking <b>SHALL IMMEDIATELY RESUME HIS SEAT<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 373<\/b> \u2014 direct a member whose conduct is <b>GROSSLY DISORDERLY<\/b> to withdraw for the remainder of the day's sitting.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 374<\/b> \u2014 <b>NAME<\/b> a member and, on a motion, have him suspended for up to the remainder of the session.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 374A<\/b> \u2014 <b>AUTOMATIC SUSPENSION<\/b> for coming into the well of the House or shouting slogans.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 375<\/b> \u2014 in grave disorder, <b>ADJOURN THE HOUSE OR SUSPEND THE SITTING<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 621, part: 8, partId: 54,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Rule 357\",\r\n    question: \"A member may, with the permission of the Speaker, make a personal explanation although there is no question before the House; but in that case\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the explanation shall be confined to five minutes\",\r\n      \"the Minister concerned shall be entitled to reply\",\r\n      \"no debatable matter may be brought forward, and no debate shall arise\",\r\n      \"the explanation shall be laid on the Table instead of being read\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) no debatable matter may be brought forward, and no debate shall arise.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 357:<\/b> <i>\"A MEMBER MAY, WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER, MAKE A PERSONAL EXPLANATION ALTHOUGH THERE IS NO QUESTION BEFORE THE HOUSE, BUT IN THIS CASE NO DEBATABLE MATTER MAY BE BROUGHT FORWARD, AND NO DEBATE SHALL ARISE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>TWO restrictions, and they are distinct.<\/b> The member himself may not bring forward <b>DEBATABLE MATTER<\/b>; and <b>NO DEBATE SHALL ARISE<\/b> on what he says \u2014 so no one may answer him either.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 357 is a genuine exception to Rule 184<\/b>, which lays down that <i>\"no discussion of a matter of general public interest shall take place except on a motion made with the consent of the Speaker.\"<\/i> Here a member speaks although <b>THERE IS NO QUESTION BEFORE THE HOUSE<\/b> at all \u2014 and the price of that liberty is that nothing debatable may be said and nothing may be said in reply.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other provisions permitting speech without a motion:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 360<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may address the House on a matter under consideration to <b>AID MEMBERS IN THEIR DELIBERATIONS<\/b>, and such expression of views <b>SHALL NOT BE TAKEN TO BE IN THE NATURE OF A DECISION<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 372<\/b> \u2014 a <b>MINISTER<\/b> may make a statement on a matter of public importance with the Speaker's consent, <i>\"but NO QUESTION SHALL BE ASKED at the time the statement is made.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 199(3)<\/b> \u2014 a Minister who has resigned may make a personal statement; no debate, but a Minister may make a statement pertinent to it.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 377<\/b> \u2014 a matter which is not a point of order, with the Speaker's consent.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 622, part: 8, partId: 55,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Rule 352\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is NOT among the matters which a member while speaking is prohibited from doing?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Referring to any matter of fact on which a judicial decision is pending\",\r\n      \"Using the President's name for the purpose of influencing the debate\",\r\n      \"Reflecting on any determination of the House, including on a motion for rescinding it\",\r\n      \"Using the right of speech for the purpose of obstructing the business of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this is NOT correctly stated; the rule says the opposite.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 352(iv):<\/b> a member while speaking shall not <i>\"REFLECT ON ANY DETERMINATION OF THE HOUSE EXCEPT ON A MOTION FOR RESCINDING IT.\"<\/i> The option has turned the exception into an inclusion \u2014 reflecting on a determination <b>IS<\/b> permitted on a motion for rescinding it, which is precisely how the House lawfully changes its mind.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are prohibitions, verbatim:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>352(i)<\/b> \u2014 refer to any matter of fact on which a <b>JUDICIAL DECISION IS PENDING<\/b> (A \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>352(vi)<\/b> \u2014 use the <b>PRESIDENT's NAME<\/b> for the purpose of influencing the debate (B \u2713).<br>\r\n<b>352(viii)<\/b> \u2014 use the right of speech for the purpose of <b>OBSTRUCTING THE BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE<\/b> (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>Clause (iv) belongs with the rules protecting the coherence of the House's decisions:<\/b> <b>Rule 338<\/b> (no motion raising a question substantially identical with one decided in the same session), <b>Rule 344(3)<\/b> (no amendment inconsistent with a previous decision on the same question) and <b>Rule 80(ii)<\/b> (the same for a Bill). All four allow the House to change course only by a direct proposal, never by side-wind.<br><br>\r\n<b>Clause (viii) is the theoretical basis of Rules 373, 374 and 374A<\/b> \u2014 obstruction is not a use of the right of speech but an abuse of it, and it attracts withdrawal, suspension or automatic suspension.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 623, part: 8, partId: 56,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Rules to be observed by Members\", rule: \"Rule 352(ii)\",\r\n    question: \"A member while speaking shall not make a personal reference by way of making an allegation imputing a motive to, or questioning the bona fides of, any other member of the House,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"unless the member has given notice to the Speaker\",\r\n      \"unless it be imperatively necessary for the purpose of the debate, being itself a matter in issue or relevant thereto\",\r\n      \"unless the member concerned is present in the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 352(ii):<\/b> a member while speaking shall not <i>\"MAKE PERSONAL REFERENCE BY WAY OF MAKING AN ALLEGATION IMPUTING A MOTIVE TO OR QUESTIONING THE BONA FIDES OF ANY OTHER MEMBER OF THE HOUSE UNLESS IT BE IMPERATIVELY NECESSARY FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE DEBATE BEING ITSELF A MATTER IN ISSUE OR RELEVANT THERETO.\"<\/i> (Substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>The exception is drawn very narrowly, and every word of it counts:<\/b> the reference must be <b>IMPERATIVELY NECESSARY<\/b> \u2014 not merely useful; and it must be <b>ITSELF A MATTER IN ISSUE OR RELEVANT THERETO<\/b>. So a member's motives may be discussed where his conduct is the very subject before the House \u2014 as in a question of privilege under Chapter XX, or an ethics complaint under Chapter XXA \u2014 but not otherwise.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that clause (ii) protects only ANOTHER MEMBER OF THE HOUSE.<\/b> Allegations against persons generally are governed by <b>Rule 353<\/b>, which requires <b>ADEQUATE ADVANCE NOTICE<\/b> to the Speaker and also to the Minister concerned, with a proviso allowing the Speaker to prohibit the allegation altogether.<br><br>\r\n<b>Persons in high authority get a third and different protection \u2014 Rule 352(v)<\/b>, requiring a <b>SUBSTANTIVE MOTION DRAWN IN PROPER TERMS<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>So there are three tiers:<\/b> another <b>MEMBER<\/b> \u2014 imperatively necessary and in issue (352(ii)); <b>ANY PERSON<\/b> \u2014 advance notice to the Speaker and the Minister (353); <b>PERSONS IN HIGH AUTHORITY<\/b> \u2014 a substantive motion only (352(v)).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 624, part: 8, partId: 57,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Order of Speeches and Right of Reply\", rule: \"Rule 358(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Where a member is called upon by the Speaker to speak to a motion and that member does not speak, such member shall not be entitled to speak to the motion at any later stage of the debate\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"unless the mover of the motion consents\",\r\n      \"except with the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"unless a new fact has emerged in the course of the debate\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) except with the permission of the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 358(1):<\/b> <i>\"After the member who moves a motion has spoken, OTHER MEMBERS MAY SPEAK TO THE MOTION IN SUCH ORDER AS THE SPEAKER MAY CALL UPON THEM. IF ANY MEMBER WHO IS SO CALLED UPON DOES NOT SPEAK, SUCH MEMBER SHALL NOT BE ENTITLED EXCEPT WITH THE PERMISSION OF SPEAKER, TO SPEAK TO THE MOTION AT ANY LATER STAGE OF THE DEBATE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>A member who is called and stays silent forfeits his turn<\/b> \u2014 a real sanction, and one that keeps the Chair's list workable. But the forfeiture is not absolute; the Speaker may restore him.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 358(2)<\/b> adds the general limit: <i>\"EXCEPT IN THE EXERCISE OF RIGHT OF REPLY OR AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED BY THESE RULES, NO MEMBER SHALL SPEAK MORE THAN ONCE TO ANY MOTION, EXCEPT WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the three exceptions in that sub-rule<\/b> \u2014 the <b>RIGHT OF REPLY<\/b>, anything <b>OTHERWISE PROVIDED BY THE RULES<\/b>, and the <b>SPEAKER's PERMISSION<\/b>. Among the \"otherwise provided\" cases are <b>Rule 20(1)<\/b> (a Minister explaining the position of the Government on the President's Address, whether or not he has previously spoken) and <b>Rule 207(2)<\/b> (the Finance Minister's general right of reply on the Budget).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 350<\/b> is the foundation of the whole group: the right to speak comes from the Speaker <b>CALLING THE MEMBER's NAME<\/b>, and where more than one rises at the same time, the member so called is entitled to speak.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 625, part: 8, partId: 58,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Order of Speeches and Right of Reply\", rule: \"Rule 358(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Except in the exercise of a right of reply or as otherwise provided by the rules, no member shall speak more than once to any motion,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"unless the motion has been amended since the member spoke\",\r\n      \"except with the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"unless the debate extends beyond one sitting\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) except with the permission of the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 358(2):<\/b> <i>\"EXCEPT IN THE EXERCISE OF RIGHT OF REPLY OR AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED BY THESE RULES, NO MEMBER SHALL SPEAK MORE THAN ONCE TO ANY MOTION, EXCEPT WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The sub-rule carries THREE exceptions, and that is what makes it examinable:<\/b> the <b>RIGHT OF REPLY<\/b> (dealt with in Rule 358(3)); anything <b>OTHERWISE PROVIDED BY THESE RULES<\/b>; and the <b>SPEAKER's PERMISSION<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 358(3)<\/b> sets out the right of reply itself: <i>\"A MEMBER WHO HAS MOVED A MOTION MAY SPEAK AGAIN BY WAY OF REPLY, and IF THE MOTION IS MOVED BY A PRIVATE MEMBER, THE MINISTER CONCERNED, WHETHER PREVIOUSLY SPOKEN IN THE DEBATE OR NOT, MAY WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER, SPEAK AFTER THE MOVER HAS REPLIED: Provided that nothing in this sub-rule shall be deemed to give ANY RIGHT OF REPLY TO THE MOVER OF AN AMENDMENT TO A BILL OR A RESOLUTION SAVE WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Two points there repay attention.<\/b> On a <b>PRIVATE MEMBER's<\/b> motion the Minister may speak <b>AFTER<\/b> the mover's reply \u2014 an unusual reversal, since <b>Rule 359<\/b> provides that <i>\"the reply of the mover of the original motion shall IN ALL CASES CONCLUDE THE DEBATE\"<\/i>, and Rule 359 is expressly made <b>SUBJECT TO SUB-RULE (3) OF RULE 358<\/b>. And the mover of a mere <b>AMENDMENT<\/b> has <b>NO<\/b> right of reply at all, save with permission.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 626, part: 8, partId: 59,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Order of Speeches and Right of Reply\", rule: \"Rule 358(3)\",\r\n    question: \"Where a motion has been moved by a private member, the Minister concerned, whether he has previously spoken in the debate or not, may with the permission of the Speaker speak\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"immediately before the mover replies\",\r\n      \"only if no other Minister has spoken in the debate\",\r\n      \"at any time during the debate, but not after the mover has replied\",\r\n      \"after the mover has replied\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) after the mover has replied.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 358(3):<\/b> <i>\"A member who has moved a motion may speak again by way of reply, and IF THE MOTION IS MOVED BY A PRIVATE MEMBER, THE MINISTER CONCERNED, WHETHER PREVIOUSLY SPOKEN IN THE DEBATE OR NOT, MAY WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER, SPEAK AFTER THE MOVER HAS REPLIED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This is a genuine departure from the ordinary rule that the mover's reply ends the debate.<\/b> <b>Rule 359<\/b> provides that <i>\"SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF SUB-RULE (3) OF RULE 358, the reply of the mover of the original motion SHALL IN ALL CASES CONCLUDE THE DEBATE\"<\/i> \u2014 and the opening words of Rule 359 exist precisely to accommodate this exception.<br><br>\r\n<b>THREE conditions must be satisfied:<\/b> the motion must have been moved by a <b>PRIVATE MEMBER<\/b> (defined in Rule 2(1) as a member other than a Minister); it must be <b>THE MINISTER CONCERNED<\/b>; and he needs the <b>SPEAKER's PERMISSION<\/b>. Note that it makes no difference whether he has already spoken.<br><br>\r\n<b>The reason is one of Ministerial responsibility.<\/b> On a Government motion the Minister is the mover and has the reply himself. On a private member's motion he would otherwise have no opportunity to answer the mover's closing speech \u2014 so the rule gives him the last word.<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso then closes the door on amendments:<\/b> nothing in the sub-rule gives <b>ANY RIGHT OF REPLY TO THE MOVER OF AN AMENDMENT TO A BILL OR A RESOLUTION<\/b>, save with the Speaker's permission.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 627, part: 8, partId: 60,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Order of Speeches and Right of Reply\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 358(3)\",\r\n    question: \"The mover of an amendment to a Bill or a resolution has a right of reply\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in the same manner as the mover of the original motion\",\r\n      \"only where the Minister concerned has spoken to the amendment\",\r\n      \"only where the amendment has been carried\",\r\n      \"only with the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) only with the permission of the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 358(3):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that NOTHING IN THIS SUB-RULE SHALL BE DEEMED TO GIVE ANY RIGHT OF REPLY TO THE MOVER OF AN AMENDMENT TO A BILL OR A RESOLUTION SAVE WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The distinction is between a MOTION and an AMENDMENT to one.<\/b> The mover of the <b>ORIGINAL MOTION<\/b> has a right of reply as of course under Rule 358(3), and by <b>Rule 359<\/b> that reply <i>\"shall IN ALL CASES CONCLUDE THE DEBATE.\"<\/i> The mover of a mere <b>AMENDMENT<\/b> has no such right; he speaks again only if the Speaker allows.<br><br>\r\n<b>The logic runs through the whole treatment of amendments in these Rules.<\/b> An amendment is subordinate to the motion it seeks to modify, and that subordination shows up repeatedly:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 87<\/b> and the proviso to <b>Rule 339(2)<\/b> \u2014 an original motion or amendment may not be withdrawn until an amendment proposed to it has been disposed of.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 346<\/b> and <b>Rule 347<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker <b>SELECTS<\/b> which amendments are proposed and puts them in such order as he considers appropriate, and may refuse a frivolous one.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 344(2)<\/b> \u2014 an amendment which has merely the effect of a negative vote may not be moved at all.<br><br>\r\n<b>So an amendment is admitted, ordered, and if need be refused, at the Chair's discretion \u2014 and its mover has no independent right to the last word.<\/b>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 628, part: 8, partId: 61,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Order of Speeches and Right of Reply\", rule: \"Rule 359\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 359 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, subject to the provisions regarding a Minister speaking after the mover of a private member's motion has replied, the debate shall in all cases be concluded by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the reply of the mover of the original motion\",\r\n      \"a statement by the Minister concerned\",\r\n      \"the Speaker putting the question forthwith\",\r\n      \"the reply of the mover of any amendment which has been carried\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the reply of the mover of the original motion.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 359:<\/b> <i>\"SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF SUB-RULE (3) OF RULE 358, THE REPLY OF THE MOVER OF THE ORIGINAL MOTION SHALL IN ALL CASES CONCLUDE THE DEBATE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the two limbs of the rule.<\/b> The general position is that the <b>MOVER's REPLY ENDS THE DEBATE<\/b> \u2014 \"in all cases\". The opening words then save the one exception, in Rule 358(3): on a <b>PRIVATE MEMBER's<\/b> motion the <b>MINISTER CONCERNED<\/b> may, with the Speaker's permission, speak <b>AFTER<\/b> the mover has replied.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 359 explains why the \"right of reply\" is treated so carefully elsewhere in the book<\/b> \u2014 it is the last word, and the rules take trouble to protect it:<br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 362(2)<\/b> \u2014 where a closure motion has been carried and the question is to be put forthwith without further debate, <i>\"the Speaker MAY ALLOW A MEMBER ANY RIGHT OF REPLY WHICH THE MEMBER MAY HAVE UNDER THESE RULES.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 219(2)<\/b> \u2014 on a Finance Bill, where a Minister has a right of reply an hour before the specified hour and has not begun, the Speaker asks how much time (not exceeding <b>ONE HOUR<\/b>) he needs and clears the floor for him.<br><br>\r\n<b>And note the rights of reply conferred elsewhere:<\/b> <b>Rule 207(2)<\/b> \u2014 the Finance Minister on the general discussion on the Budget; <b>Rule 20(1)<\/b> \u2014 the Prime Minister or any other Minister at the end of the discussion on the President's Address.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 629, part: 8, partId: 62,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Order of Speeches and Right of Reply\", rule: \"Rules 358 and 359\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to the order of speeches and the right of reply?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"After the mover of a motion has spoken, other members may speak in such order as the Speaker may call upon them\",\r\n      \"A member who is called upon and does not speak may nevertheless speak at a later stage of the debate as of right\",\r\n      \"A member who has moved a motion may speak again by way of reply\",\r\n      \"The reply of the mover of the original motion shall in all cases conclude the debate, subject to a Minister's right to speak after the mover of a private member's motion has replied\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 358(1):<\/b> <i>\"IF ANY MEMBER WHO IS SO CALLED UPON DOES NOT SPEAK, SUCH MEMBER SHALL NOT BE ENTITLED EXCEPT WITH THE PERMISSION OF SPEAKER, TO SPEAK TO THE MOTION AT ANY LATER STAGE OF THE DEBATE.\"<\/i> There is no right; there is only the Speaker's permission.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b> <b>Rule 358(1)<\/b> first sentence (A \u2713); <b>Rule 358(3)<\/b> (C \u2713); <b>Rule 359<\/b> read with Rule 358(3) (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>The whole group in outline, and it is worth holding as a sequence:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 350<\/b> \u2014 the right to speak comes from the Speaker <b>CALLING THE MEMBER's NAME<\/b>; where more than one rises, the member called speaks.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 351<\/b> \u2014 he speaks <b>FROM HIS OWN PLACE<\/b>, <b>RISING<\/b>, and <b>ADDRESSING THE SPEAKER<\/b> \u2014 with the proviso for sickness or infirmity.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 358(1)<\/b> \u2014 order of speeches at the Chair's call; forfeiture on silence.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 358(2)<\/b> \u2014 <b>ONCE ONLY<\/b>, save a right of reply, anything otherwise provided, or the Speaker's permission.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 358(3)<\/b> \u2014 the mover's <b>REPLY<\/b>; the Minister after the mover on a private member's motion; no right of reply for the mover of an amendment save with permission.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 359<\/b> \u2014 the mover's reply <b>CONCLUDES<\/b> the debate.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 366<\/b> \u2014 and no member may speak at all once the voices have been collected.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 630, part: 8, partId: 63,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Address by Speaker\", rule: \"Rule 360\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 360 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the Speaker may, of his own motion or on a point being raised or on a request made by a member, address the House at any time on a matter under consideration with a view to aid members in their deliberations; and such expression of views\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall be binding on the House\",\r\n      \"shall be open to debate by any member\",\r\n      \"shall be recorded as a ruling of the Chair\",\r\n      \"shall not be taken to be in the nature of a decision\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) shall not be taken to be in the nature of a decision.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 360:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker MAY HERSELF\/HIMSELF, OR ON A POINT BEING RAISED OR ON A REQUEST MADE BY A MEMBER, MAY ADDRESS THE HOUSE AT ANY TIME ON A MATTER UNDER CONSIDERATION IN THE HOUSE WITH A VIEW TO AID MEMBERS IN THEIR DELIBERATIONS, AND SUCH EXPRESSION OF VIEWS SHALL NOT BE TAKEN TO BE IN THE NATURE OF A DECISION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The closing words are the whole point of the rule.<\/b> The Speaker may help the House to understand a matter without thereby <b>DECIDING<\/b> anything \u2014 so his observations under Rule 360 do not bind the House and do not become a ruling.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the places where the Speaker's word IS a decision, and final:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 376(3)<\/b> \u2014 on a point of order: <i>\"the DECISION OF THE SPEAKER thereon shall be FINAL.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 371<\/b> \u2014 on an objection to a member's vote for personal, pecuniary or direct interest: <i>\"the decision of the Speaker shall be FINAL.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 382(3)<\/b> \u2014 whether a paper is in connection with the business of the House.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 255<\/b> \u2014 an objection to a member's inclusion in a Committee.<br>\r\n<b>Article 110(3)<\/b> \u2014 whether a Bill is a Money Bill.<br><br>\r\n<b>So Rule 360 marks out a space for guidance as distinct from adjudication<\/b> \u2014 and note the three ways it may be invoked: by the Speaker himself, on a point being raised, or on a member's request.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 361<\/b> then protects the Chair while it speaks: the Speaker <b>SHALL BE HEARD IN SILENCE<\/b>, any member then speaking shall <b>IMMEDIATELY RESUME HIS SEAT<\/b>, and no member shall <b>LEAVE HIS SEAT<\/b> while the Speaker is addressing the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 631, part: 8, partId: 64,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Procedure when Speaker rises\", rule: \"Rule 361(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Whenever the Speaker rises, he shall be heard in silence, and any member who is then speaking or offering to speak shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"immediately resume his own seat\",\r\n      \"continue only with the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"be entitled to complete the sentence then being spoken\",\r\n      \"withdraw from the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) immediately resume his own seat.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 361(1):<\/b> <i>\"THE SPEAKER SHALL, WHENEVER RISES, BE HEARD IN SILENCE AND ANY MEMBER WHO IS THEN SPEAKING OR OFFERING TO SPEAK SHALL IMMEDIATELY RESUME ONE'S OWN SEAT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the width of the words \"OR OFFERING TO SPEAK\"<\/b> \u2014 the obligation falls not only on the member who has the floor but on any member on his feet seeking it.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 361(2)<\/b> completes the protection: <i>\"NO MEMBER SHALL LEAVE ONE'S OWN SEAT WHILE THE SPEAKER IS ADDRESSING THE HOUSE.\"<\/i> \u2014 which repeats <b>Rule 349(v)<\/b>, requiring a member not to leave the House when the Speaker is addressing it. The two provisions together mean a member may neither leave his seat nor leave the Chamber.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 361 is the practical machinery behind Rule 378:<\/b> <i>\"THE SPEAKER SHALL PRESERVE ORDER AND SHALL HAVE ALL POWERS NECESSARY FOR THE PURPOSE OF ENFORCING OWN DECISIONS.\"<\/i> An order cannot be enforced unless the Chair can command silence.<br><br>\r\n<b>The graded sanctions if it is not obeyed:<\/b> a direction to <b>DISCONTINUE THE SPEECH<\/b> for irrelevance or tedious repetition (Rule 356); <b>WITHDRAWAL<\/b> for the remainder of the day's sitting where conduct is grossly disorderly (Rule 373); <b>SUSPENSION<\/b> on being named, for up to the remainder of the session (Rule 374); <b>AUTOMATIC SUSPENSION<\/b> for entering the well or shouting slogans (Rule 374A); and, in grave disorder, <b>ADJOURNMENT OF THE HOUSE OR SUSPENSION OF THE SITTING<\/b> (Rule 375).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 632, part: 8, partId: 65,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Procedure when Speaker rises\", rule: \"Rules 349(v) and 361(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. A member shall not leave the House when the Speaker is addressing the House.<br>2. No member shall leave his own seat while the Speaker is addressing the House.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 349(v):<\/b> whilst the House is sitting, a member <i>\"SHALL NOT LEAVE THE HOUSE WHEN THE SPEAKER IS ADDRESSING THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 361(2):<\/b> <i>\"NO MEMBER SHALL LEAVE ONE'S OWN SEAT WHILE THE SPEAKER IS ADDRESSING THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two rules cover the same occasion at two different levels<\/b>, and both are in force: a member may neither <b>LEAVE THE CHAMBER<\/b> (Rule 349(v)) nor <b>LEAVE HIS SEAT<\/b> within it (Rule 361(2)). The second is the stricter, and a member who complies with the first may still breach the second.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 361(1)<\/b> supplies the third element: the Speaker <b>SHALL BE HEARD IN SILENCE<\/b>, and any member <b>SPEAKING OR OFFERING TO SPEAK<\/b> shall immediately resume his seat.<br><br>\r\n<b>This overlap between Rule 349 and other rules occurs more than once, and it is worth noticing rather than being surprised by:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 349(vi)<\/b> \u2014 shall always address the Chair \u2014 is repeated in substance by <b>Rule 351<\/b> (shall address the Speaker) and applied by <b>Rule 355<\/b> (a question to another member asked through the Speaker).<br>\r\n<b>Rule 349(xi)<\/b> \u2014 shall not shout slogans \u2014 reappears in <b>Rule 374A(1)<\/b> as a ground of <b>AUTOMATIC SUSPENSION<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 349(ix)<\/b> \u2014 shall not obstruct proceedings \u2014 reappears in <b>Rule 374(1)<\/b> as <i>\"persistently and wilfully obstructing the business\"<\/i>, a ground for naming and suspension.<br><br>\r\nSo Rule 349 states the standard of conduct, and the later rules attach the sanction.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 633, part: 8, partId: 66,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Address by Speaker\", rule: \"Rule 360\",\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, may the Speaker address the House at any time on a matter under consideration with a view to aid members in their deliberations?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rule 357\",\r\n      \"Rule 358\",\r\n      \"Rule 359\",\r\n      \"Rule 360\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Rule 360.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 360<\/b> (marginal note: <i>Address by Speaker<\/i>): the Speaker may himself, or on a point being raised or on a member's request, address the House at any time on a matter under consideration <b>WITH A VIEW TO AID MEMBERS IN THEIR DELIBERATIONS<\/b>, and such expression of views <b>SHALL NOT BE TAKEN TO BE IN THE NATURE OF A DECISION<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The three distractors are the rules immediately preceding it:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 357<\/b> \u2014 <b>PERSONAL EXPLANATION<\/b>: a member may, with the Speaker's permission, make one although there is no question before the House; but no debatable matter may be brought forward and no debate shall arise.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 358<\/b> \u2014 <b>ORDER OF SPEECHES AND RIGHT OF REPLY<\/b>: speeches in the order the Speaker calls; forfeiture on silence; once only save a right of reply; the mover's reply; the Minister after the mover on a private member's motion; and no right of reply for the mover of an amendment save with permission.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 359<\/b> \u2014 <b>CONCLUSION OF DEBATE<\/b>: the reply of the mover of the original motion shall in all cases conclude the debate, subject to Rule 358(3).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rules 357 and 360 make an instructive pair.<\/b> Both permit speech where nothing is formally before the House for that purpose \u2014 a <b>MEMBER's<\/b> personal explanation, and the <b>SPEAKER's<\/b> address to aid deliberation. And in both cases the rule takes care to prevent consequences: <b>no debate shall arise<\/b> on the one, and the other <b>shall not be taken to be a decision<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 634, part: 8, partId: 67,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Closure and Limitation of Debate\", rule: \"Rule 362(1)\",\r\n    question: \"At any time after a motion has been made, any member may move: \\\"That the question be now put\\\"; and the Speaker shall then put that motion\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in every case\",\r\n      \"only after the mover of the original motion has been heard on it\",\r\n      \"only if not less than fifty members rise in support\",\r\n      \"unless it appears to the Speaker that the motion is an abuse of the rules or an infringement of the right of reasonable debate\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 362(1):<\/b> <i>\"AT ANY TIME AFTER A MOTION HAS BEEN MADE, ANY MEMBER MAY MOVE: 'THAT THE QUESTION BE NOW PUT', and UNLESS IT APPEARS TO THE SPEAKER THAT THE MOTION IS AN ABUSE OF THESE RULES OR AN INFRINGEMENT OF THE RIGHT OF REASONABLE DEBATE, THE SPEAKER SHALL THEN PUT THE MOTION 'THAT THE QUESTION BE NOW PUT'.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This is the CLOSURE, and Rule 362 provides for ONE form of it only<\/b> \u2014 the simple closure, in the words \"That the question be now put\". The Rules of the Lok Sabha do not provide for the other forms known to parliamentary practice, and an option offering \"kangaroo closure\" or \"closure by compartments\" as a Rule 362 form would be wrong.<br><br>\r\n<b>TWO grounds allow the Speaker to refuse:<\/b> the motion is an <b>ABUSE OF THE RULES<\/b>, or an <b>INFRINGEMENT OF THE RIGHT OF REASONABLE DEBATE<\/b>. The second is the substantial one \u2014 a closure moved too early would cut off debate the House is entitled to have.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 362(2)<\/b> gives the consequence: <i>\"WHERE THE MOTION 'THAT THE QUESTION BE NOW PUT' HAS BEEN CARRIED, THE QUESTION OR QUESTIONS CONSEQUENT THEREON SHALL BE PUT FORTHWITH WITHOUT FURTHER DEBATE: Provided that the Speaker MAY ALLOW A MEMBER ANY RIGHT OF REPLY WHICH THE MEMBER MAY HAVE UNDER THESE RULES.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso preserves the right of reply<\/b> conferred by <b>Rules 358(3) and 359<\/b> \u2014 closure ends the debate, but need not silence the mover's last word.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 635, part: 8, partId: 68,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Closure and Limitation of Debate\", rule: \"Rule 362(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Where the motion \\\"That the question be now put\\\" has been carried, the question or questions consequent thereon shall be put forthwith without further debate; but the Speaker may allow\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a member to make a personal explanation\",\r\n      \"a division to be held on the closure motion itself\",\r\n      \"the Minister concerned to make a statement\",\r\n      \"a member any right of reply which he may have under the rules\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) a member any right of reply which he may have under the rules.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 362(2):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that THE SPEAKER MAY ALLOW A MEMBER ANY RIGHT OF REPLY WHICH THE MEMBER MAY HAVE UNDER THESE RULES.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso is a reconciliation between two rules that would otherwise collide.<\/b> <b>Rule 362(2)<\/b> requires the question to be put <b>FORTHWITH WITHOUT FURTHER DEBATE<\/b>; but <b>Rule 359<\/b> provides that <i>\"the reply of the mover of the original motion shall IN ALL CASES CONCLUDE THE DEBATE.\"<\/i> The proviso resolves it by leaving the reply to the Speaker's discretion.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the careful wording \u2014 \"ANY RIGHT OF REPLY WHICH THE MEMBER MAY HAVE UNDER THESE RULES.\"<\/b> The proviso creates no new right; it preserves an existing one. The rights it preserves are those in <b>Rule 358(3)<\/b> (the mover of a motion, and the Minister concerned after the mover of a private member's motion), <b>Rule 207(2)<\/b> (the Finance Minister on the Budget discussion) and <b>Rule 20(1)<\/b> (a Minister on the President's Address).<br><br>\r\n<b>The same problem is solved differently in the proviso to Rule 219(2)<\/b>, for a Finance Bill: where a Minister has a right of reply an hour before the specified hour and has not begun, the Speaker asks how much time <b>NOT EXCEEDING ONE HOUR<\/b> he requires, and calls upon the member then addressing the House to resume his seat in time.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 363<\/b> then provides the other method of limiting debate \u2014 where debate becomes <b>UNDULY PROTRACTED<\/b>, the Speaker may, <b>AFTER TAKING THE SENSE OF THE HOUSE<\/b>, fix a time limit.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 636, part: 8, partId: 69,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Closure and Limitation of Debate\", rule: \"Rule 363(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 363(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where the debate on any motion in connection with a Bill or on any other motion becomes unduly protracted, the Speaker may fix a time limit for the conclusion of discussion on any stage or all stages of the Bill or the motion,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in his own discretion\",\r\n      \"on the recommendation of the Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n      \"in consultation with the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"after taking the sense of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) after taking the sense of the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 363(1):<\/b> <i>\"WHENEVER THE DEBATE ON ANY MOTION IN CONNECTION WITH A BILL OR ON ANY OTHER MOTION BECOMES UNDULY PROTRACTED, THE SPEAKER MAY, AFTER TAKING THE SENSE OF THE HOUSE, FIX A TIME LIMIT FOR THE CONCLUSION OF DISCUSSION ON ANY STAGE OR ALL STAGES OF THE BILL OR THE MOTION, as the case may be.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>\"After taking the sense of the House\" appears in only TWO rules in the whole book<\/b>, and they are worth pairing:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 21<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker may prescribe a time-limit for speeches on the President's Address, <i>\"if thinks fit, AFTER TAKING THE SENSE OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 363(1)<\/b> \u2014 as above.<br><br>\r\n<b>Everywhere else a time limit is either purely discretionary or fixed by the rule itself:<\/b> <b>Rules 192, 196, 198(5), 207(3), 218(5) and 219(4)<\/b> \u2014 \"if thinks fit, may\", with no consultation; <b>Rules 178 and 203<\/b> \u2014 fifteen minutes fixed by the rule; <b>Rules 290 and 295<\/b> \u2014 half an hour in all and five minutes per member; and <b>Rule 63<\/b> \u2014 the one mandatory case, where the Speaker <b>SHALL<\/b> prescribe a limit on an adjournment motion.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 363(2)<\/b> supplies the guillotine: <i>\"AT THE APPOINTED HOUR, in accordance with the time limit fixed \u2026, the Speaker shall, UNLESS THE DEBATE IS SOONER CONCLUDED, FORTHWITH PUT EVERY QUESTION NECESSARY TO DISPOSE OF ALL THE OUTSTANDING MATTERS in connection with that stage of the Bill or the motion.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 637, part: 8, partId: 70,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Closure and Limitation of Debate\", rule: \"Rules 362 and 363\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. A motion \\\"That the question be now put\\\" may be moved by any member at any time after a motion has been made.<br>2. Where a time limit has been fixed for the completion of a particular stage of a Bill or a motion, the Speaker shall at the appointed hour, unless the debate is sooner concluded, forthwith put every question necessary to dispose of all the outstanding matters.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1 \u2014 Rule 362(1):<\/b> <i>\"AT ANY TIME AFTER A MOTION HAS BEEN MADE, ANY MEMBER MAY MOVE: 'That the question be now put'\"<\/i> \u2014 subject to the Speaker's power to refuse where it is an abuse of the rules or an infringement of the right of reasonable debate.<br>\r\n<b>Statement 2 \u2014 Rule 363(2):<\/b> at the appointed hour the Speaker shall, <i>\"UNLESS THE DEBATE IS SOONER CONCLUDED, FORTHWITH PUT EVERY QUESTION NECESSARY TO DISPOSE OF ALL THE OUTSTANDING MATTERS in connection with that stage of the Bill or the motion.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two rules represent two quite different techniques for ending a debate, and the distinction is the substance of this item:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>CLOSURE (Rule 362)<\/b> \u2014 moved by <b>ANY MEMBER<\/b>, at any time, and decided by the <b>HOUSE<\/b> then and there. It is the House stopping itself.<br>\r\n<b>LIMITATION (Rule 363)<\/b> \u2014 imposed by the <b>SPEAKER<\/b>, after taking the sense of the House, and operating at a <b>PRE-APPOINTED HOUR<\/b>. It is the clock stopping the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 363(2) belongs to the guillotine family<\/b>, whose members are worth collecting: <b>Rule 191<\/b> (motions), <b>Rule 198(4)<\/b> (no-confidence), <b>Rule 208(2)<\/b> (demands for grants at 17.00 hours), <b>Rule 219(2)<\/b> (a Finance Bill), <b>Rule 221<\/b> (financial business generally), <b>Rules 291 and 297<\/b> (an Allocation of Time Order and private members' business) and <b>Rule 363(2)<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nNote the saving words <b>\"UNLESS THE DEBATE IS SOONER CONCLUDED\"<\/b> \u2014 the appointed hour is a backstop, not a fixed duration.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 638, part: 8, partId: 71,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Decision of House\", rule: \"Rule 364\",\r\n    question: \"A matter requiring the decision of the House shall be decided by means of\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a resolution moved by a member and adopted by the House\",\r\n      \"a declaration made by the Speaker after taking the sense of the House\",\r\n      \"a division taken in the manner prescribed by the rules\",\r\n      \"a question put by the Speaker on a motion made by a member\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) a question put by the Speaker on a motion made by a member.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 364:<\/b> <i>\"A MATTER REQUIRING THE DECISION OF THE HOUSE SHALL BE DECIDED BY MEANS OF A QUESTION PUT BY THE SPEAKER ON A MOTION MADE BY A MEMBER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Two elements are essential \u2014 a MOTION by a MEMBER, and a QUESTION put by the SPEAKER.<\/b> The House decides nothing of its own motion, and the Speaker proposes nothing of his own.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 364 is the foundation on which Rule 184 rests:<\/b> <i>\"Save in so far as is otherwise provided in the Constitution or in these rules, no discussion of a matter of general public interest shall take place except on a MOTION made with the consent of the Speaker.\"<\/i> Discussion needs a motion; so does decision.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 365<\/b> supplies the mechanics, and adds a power worth noting: <i>\"When a motion has been made, the Speaker shall PROPOSE THE QUESTION FOR CONSIDERATION, AND PUT IT FOR THE DECISION OF THE HOUSE. IF A MOTION EMBODIES TWO OR MORE SEPARATE PROPOSITIONS, THOSE PROPOSITIONS MAY BE PROPOSED BY THE SPEAKER AS SEPARATE QUESTIONS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>That last sentence is the general counterpart of Rule 181<\/b>, under which the Speaker may <b>DIVIDE A RESOLUTION<\/b> involving several points and put each or any point separately.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 366<\/b> closes the door: <i>\"A MEMBER SHALL NOT SPEAK ON A QUESTION AFTER THE SPEAKER HAS COLLECTED THE VOICES BOTH OF THE 'AYES' AND OF THE 'NOES' ON THAT QUESTION.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 639, part: 8, partId: 72,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Decision of House\", rule: \"Rule 365\",\r\n    question: \"Where a motion embodies two or more separate propositions, those propositions\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"shall be put as a single question\",\r\n      \"may be proposed by the Speaker as separate questions\",\r\n      \"shall be put separately only if a member so requests\",\r\n      \"shall be referred back to the mover for redrafting\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) may be proposed by the Speaker as separate questions.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 365:<\/b> <i>\"When a motion has been made, the Speaker shall propose the question for consideration, and put it for the decision of the House. IF A MOTION EMBODIES TWO OR MORE SEPARATE PROPOSITIONS, THOSE PROPOSITIONS MAY BE PROPOSED BY THE SPEAKER AS SEPARATE QUESTIONS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The power belongs to the SPEAKER and is discretionary<\/b> \u2014 no request from a member is needed, which is why option (c) is wrong.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 365 is the general form of a power that appears in particular shape in Rule 181:<\/b> <i>\"When any resolution INVOLVING SEVERAL POINTS has been discussed, the Speaker may DIVIDE THE RESOLUTION, AND PUT EACH OR ANY POINT SEPARATELY TO THE VOTE, AS THE SPEAKER MAY THINK FIT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note that this splitting power runs OPPOSITE to the grouping powers elsewhere in the book<\/b>, and the contrast is worth holding:<br>\r\n<b>SPLITTING<\/b> \u2014 <b>Rule 365<\/b> (separate propositions in one motion) and <b>Rule 181<\/b> (a resolution involving several points). Both are the Speaker's alone, and a member has no right to insist on the whole being put together.<br>\r\n<b>GROUPING<\/b> \u2014 <b>Rule 85(2)<\/b> (similar amendments), <b>Rule 91<\/b> (clauses and schedules) and the first proviso to <b>Rule 155<\/b> (a Constitution amendment Bill). All three are subject to a <b>MEMBER's RIGHT<\/b> to have any one item put <b>SEPARATELY<\/b>, which the Speaker <b>SHALL<\/b> respect.<br><br>\r\nSo a member may always break up a grouping, but never resist a splitting.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 640, part: 8, partId: 73,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Decision of House\", rule: \"Rule 366\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 366 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a member shall not speak on a question after\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker has proposed the question for the consideration of the House\",\r\n      \"the Speaker has collected the voices both of the 'Ayes' and of the 'Noes' on that question\",\r\n      \"the mover of the motion has exercised his right of reply\",\r\n      \"the Lobby has been cleared for a division\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) after the Speaker has collected the voices both of the 'Ayes' and of the 'Noes' on that question.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 366:<\/b> <i>\"A MEMBER SHALL NOT SPEAK ON A QUESTION AFTER THE SPEAKER HAS COLLECTED THE VOICES BOTH OF THE 'AYES' AND OF THE 'NOES' ON THAT QUESTION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The cut-off is the collection of BOTH sets of voices<\/b> \u2014 under <b>Rule 367(1)<\/b>, the Speaker puts the question and invites those in favour to say <b>\"AYE\"<\/b> and those against to say <b>\"NO\"<\/b>. Once both have been taken, debate is over.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (a) is far too early:<\/b> <b>Rule 365<\/b> requires the Speaker to <b>PROPOSE<\/b> the question for consideration <b>AND THEN PUT IT<\/b> \u2014 the whole debate takes place between those two steps.<br>\r\n<b>Option (d) is too late:<\/b> the Lobby is cleared under <b>Rule 367(3)(a)<\/b> only after the Speaker's opinion on the voice vote has been <b>CHALLENGED<\/b>, which is well past the moment fixed by Rule 366.<br>\r\n<b>Option (c) is also too early in a sense<\/b>, since under <b>Rule 359<\/b> the mover's reply concludes the debate but the question has not yet been put.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 366 marks the exact boundary between DEBATE and DECISION<\/b>, and the sequence is worth fixing: motion made (364) \u2192 question proposed (365) \u2192 debate \u2192 reply concludes it (359) \u2192 question put and voices collected (367(1)) \u2192 <b>RULE 366 BITES<\/b> \u2192 the Speaker states his opinion (367(2)) \u2192 if challenged, division (367(3)).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 641, part: 8, partId: 74,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Decision of House\", rule: \"Rules 364, 365 and 366\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. A matter requiring the decision of the House shall be decided by means of a question put by the Speaker on a motion made by a member.<br>2. When a motion has been made, the Speaker shall propose the question for consideration and put it for the decision of the House.<br>3. A member shall not speak on a question after the Speaker has collected the voices both of the 'Ayes' and of the 'Noes'.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 364<\/b> \u2014 a matter requiring the decision of the House is decided by a <b>QUESTION PUT BY THE SPEAKER ON A MOTION MADE BY A MEMBER<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 365<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker <b>PROPOSES<\/b> the question for consideration and <b>PUTS<\/b> it for decision; and separate propositions in one motion may be proposed as separate questions.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 366<\/b> \u2014 no member shall speak on a question once the voices of both the Ayes and the Noes have been collected.<br><br>\r\n<b>The three rules together describe the transition from debate to decision<\/b>, and the two-step structure in Rule 365 \u2014 <b>PROPOSE<\/b>, then <b>PUT<\/b> \u2014 is what makes debate possible at all. Everything a member says on the motion is said between those two steps.<br><br>\r\n<b>That two-step structure explains a difference of wording elsewhere that is easily missed:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 80(vi)<\/b> \u2014 for a Bill, the Speaker may refuse to <b>PROPOSE<\/b> an amendment which is frivolous or meaningless.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 347<\/b> \u2014 for a motion, he may refuse to <b>PUT<\/b> an amendment which is frivolous.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 341(1)<\/b> \u2014 on a dilatory motion he may either <b>FORTHWITH PUT THE QUESTION<\/b> or <b>DECLINE TO PROPOSE<\/b> it \u2014 and the two are genuinely different remedies, the first letting the House vote it down at once, the second denying it a vote altogether.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367<\/b> then carries the matter to its conclusion: question put, voices invited, opinion stated, and division on challenge.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 642, part: 8, partId: 75,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Division\", rule: \"Rule 367(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Where, on the Speaker saying \\\"I think the Ayes (or the Noes) have it\\\", the opinion of the Speaker as to the decision of a question is not challenged, the Speaker shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"declare the result once and pass to the next business\",\r\n      \"order that the Lobby be cleared\",\r\n      \"direct that the votes be recorded by the automatic vote recorder\",\r\n      \"say twice \\\"The Ayes (or the Noes) have it\\\", and the question before the House shall be determined accordingly\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367(2):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker shall then say: 'I THINK THE AYES (OR THE NOES, AS THE CASE MAY BE) HAVE IT'. IF THE OPINION OF THE SPEAKER AS TO THE DECISION OF A QUESTION IS NOT CHALLENGED, THE SPEAKER SHALL SAY TWICE: 'THE AYES (OR THE NOES, AS THE CASE MAY BE) HAVE IT' AND THE QUESTION BEFORE THE HOUSE SHALL BE DETERMINED ACCORDINGLY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The word \"TWICE\" is the answer<\/b>, and it is one of the few places in the book where the exact words and their repetition are prescribed. The double statement is what constitutes the determination of the question.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the sequence, which the paper can enter at any point:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>367(1)<\/b> \u2014 on the conclusion of a debate the Speaker <b>PUTS THE QUESTION<\/b> and invites those in favour to say <b>\"AYE\"<\/b> and those against <b>\"NO\"<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>367(2)<\/b> \u2014 he states his opinion \u2014 <i>\"I THINK the Ayes have it\"<\/i> \u2014 and if <b>NOT CHALLENGED<\/b>, says twice <i>\"The Ayes have it.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>367(3)(a)<\/b> \u2014 if <b>CHALLENGED<\/b>, he orders the <b>LOBBY TO BE CLEARED<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>367(3)(b)<\/b> \u2014 after <b>THREE MINUTES AND THIRTY SECONDS<\/b> he puts the question <b>A SECOND TIME<\/b> and declares his opinion again.<br>\r\n<b>367(3)(c)<\/b> \u2014 if that opinion is <b>AGAIN CHALLENGED<\/b>, he directs the votes to be recorded.<br><br>\r\n<b>So there are TWO challenges before any vote is recorded<\/b> \u2014 a point often missed. And note the contrast with <b>Rule 158(1)<\/b>, where a division is <b>AUTOMATIC<\/b> wherever a special majority is required.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 643, part: 8, partId: 76,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Division\", rule: \"Rule 367(3)(a) and (b)\",\r\n    question: \"Where the opinion of the Speaker as to the decision of a question is challenged, the Speaker shall order that the Lobby be cleared, and shall put the question a second time and declare whether in his opinion the 'Ayes' or the 'Noes' have it, after the lapse of\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"two minutes\",\r\n      \"seven minutes and thirty seconds\",\r\n      \"five minutes\",\r\n      \"three minutes and thirty seconds\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) three minutes and thirty seconds.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367(3):<\/b> <i>\"(a) IF THE OPINION OF THE SPEAKER AS TO THE DECISION OF A QUESTION IS CHALLENGED, THE SPEAKER SHALL ORDER THAT THE LOBBY BE CLEARED. (b) AFTER THE LAPSE OF THREE MINUTES AND THIRTY SECONDS, THE SPEAKER SHALL PUT THE QUESTION A SECOND TIME AND DECLARE WHETHER IN OPINION OF THE SPEAKER THE 'AYES' OR THE 'NOES' HAVE IT.\"<\/i> (The figure was <b>SUBSTITUTED<\/b> by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>The interval exists so that members in the Lobby and elsewhere can reach the Chamber<\/b> before the question is put again \u2014 which is also why the Lobby is cleared first.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that the period is a LAPSE, not a maximum<\/b>, and it is unusually precise: three minutes and thirty seconds is the only figure in the book expressed in minutes and seconds.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367(3)(c)<\/b> then provides for what follows if the second declaration is <b>AGAIN CHALLENGED<\/b>: the Speaker directs that the votes be recorded in one of <b>THREE<\/b> ways \u2014 by <b>OPERATING THE AUTOMATIC VOTE RECORDER<\/b> (Rule 367A), by <b>USING 'AYE' AND 'NO' SLIPS<\/b> in the House (Rule 367AA), or by <b>MEMBERS GOING INTO THE LOBBIES<\/b> (Rule 367B).<br><br>\r\n<b>And the PROVISO to 367(3)(c) supplies a fourth and lesser course:<\/b> where the Speaker is of opinion that the division is <b>UNNECESSARILY CLAIMED<\/b>, he may ask the Ayes and the Noes to <b>RISE IN THEIR PLACES<\/b> and, on a count being taken, declare the determination of the House \u2014 and in such a case <b>THE NAMES OF THE VOTERS SHALL NOT BE RECORDED<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 644, part: 8, partId: 77,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Division\", rule: \"Rule 367(3)(c)\",\r\n    question: \"Where the opinion of the Speaker declared on the question being put a second time is again challenged, the Speaker shall direct that the votes be recorded\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"by operating the automatic vote recorder only\",\r\n      \"by the members going into the Lobbies only\",\r\n      \"either by operating the automatic vote recorder or by the members going into the Lobbies\",\r\n      \"either by operating the automatic vote recorder, or by using 'Aye' and 'No' slips in the House, or by the members going into the Lobbies\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367(3)(c):<\/b> <i>\"IF THE OPINION SO DECLARED IS AGAIN CHALLENGED, THE SPEAKER SHALL DIRECT THAT THE VOTES BE RECORDED EITHER BY OPERATING THE AUTOMATIC VOTE RECORDER OR BY USING 'AYE' AND 'NO' SLIPS IN THE HOUSE OR BY THE MEMBERS GOING INTO THE LOBBIES.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>THREE modes, each with its own rule:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367A<\/b> \u2014 the <b>AUTOMATIC VOTE RECORDER<\/b>: members cast their votes from their allotted seats by pressing the buttons provided.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 367AA<\/b> \u2014 <b>'AYE' AND 'NO' SLIPS<\/b>: the Division Clerks supply slips at members' seats according to the choice indicated, and a member records his vote <b>BY SIGNING AND INDICATING HIS OWN DIVISION NUMBER<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 367B<\/b> \u2014 <b>GOING INTO THE LOBBIES<\/b>: the <b>AYES to the RIGHT Lobby<\/b> and the <b>NOES to the LEFT<\/b>, each member stating his Division Number while the Clerk marks it off and simultaneously <b>CALLS OUT HIS NAME<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>All three end the same way<\/b> \u2014 the result is announced by the <b>SPEAKER<\/b> and <b>SHALL NOT BE CHALLENGED<\/b> (Rules 367A(2), 367AA(3), 367B(3)).<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso to Rule 367(3)(c)<\/b> adds the fourth and informal course, where the Speaker thinks the division <b>UNNECESSARILY CLAIMED<\/b>: a count of members rising in their places, with <b>NO NAMES RECORDED<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 645, part: 8, partId: 78,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Division\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 367(3)(c)\",\r\n    question: \"Where the Speaker is of the opinion that a division is unnecessarily claimed, he may ask the members who are for 'Aye' and those for 'No' respectively to rise in their places and, on a count being taken, may declare the determination of the House; and in such a case\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the names of the voters shall be recorded in the proceedings\",\r\n      \"a fresh division may be claimed at the same sitting\",\r\n      \"the result shall be open to challenge by any member\",\r\n      \"the names of the voters shall not be recorded\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) the names of the voters shall not be recorded.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 367(3)(c):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that the Speaker may, IF IS OF THE OPINION THAT THE DIVISION IS UNNECESSARILY CLAIMED, ASK THE MEMBERS WHO ARE FOR 'AYE' AND THOSE FOR 'NO' RESPECTIVELY TO RISE IN THEIR PLACES AND, ON A COUNT BEING TAKEN, MAY DECLARE THE DETERMINATION OF THE HOUSE. IN SUCH A CASE, THE NAMES OF THE VOTERS SHALL NOT BE RECORDED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This is the sleeper of the division rules.<\/b> The whole purpose of a recorded division is to put each member's vote on the record; the proviso creates a means of resolving a challenge <b>WITHOUT<\/b> doing so, where the Chair thinks the division frivolous. The count settles the question; the names do not appear.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the three formal modes<\/b>, in each of which names are recorded: the automatic vote recorder (Rule 367A), Aye and No slips signed with the member's <b>DIVISION NUMBER<\/b> (Rule 367AA(1)), and the Lobbies, where the Division Clerk marks off the number and <b>SIMULTANEOUSLY CALLS OUT THE NAME<\/b> of the member (Rule 367B(1)).<br><br>\r\n<b>Note also that the proviso is a genuine fourth course<\/b>, not a variant of the three: the members rise in their <b>PLACES<\/b>, exactly as they do for leave under <b>Rules 60(2), 198(2), 201(3) and 225(2)<\/b> \u2014 where too no names are recorded, only a number counted.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 646, part: 8, partId: 79,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Division\", rule: \"Rule 367A(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Where the Speaker directs that the votes be recorded by operating the automatic vote recorder, the members shall cast their votes\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"from any seat in the Chamber, by pressing the buttons provided\",\r\n      \"by going into the Right and Left Lobbies respectively\",\r\n      \"by signing and handing over slips at their seats\",\r\n      \"from the seats respectively allotted to them, by pressing the buttons provided for the purpose\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) from the seats respectively allotted to them, by pressing the buttons provided for the purpose.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367A(1):<\/b> <i>\"Where the Speaker directs under clause (c) of sub-rule (3) of rule 367 that the votes be recorded by operating the automatic vote recorder, IT SHALL BE PUT INTO OPERATION AND THE MEMBERS SHALL CAST THEIR VOTES FROM THE SEATS RESPECTIVELY ALLOTTED TO THEM BY PRESSING THE BUTTONS PROVIDED FOR THE PURPOSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The words \"FROM THE SEATS RESPECTIVELY ALLOTTED TO THEM\" are essential to the machinery<\/b> \u2014 the recorder identifies the member by the seat, so a vote cast from another seat would be attributed to the wrong member. Seats are allotted under <b>Rule 4<\/b>: <i>\"The members shall sit in such order as the Speaker may determine.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367A(2):<\/b> <i>\"After the result of the voting appears on the indicator board, THE RESULT OF THE DIVISION SHALL BE ANNOUNCED BY THE SPEAKER AND IT SHALL NOT BE CHALLENGED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367A(3) and (4) provide two remedies before the result is announced:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>(3)<\/b> a member unable to cast his vote by pressing the button <i>\"DUE TO ANY REASON CONSIDERED SUFFICIENT BY THE SPEAKER\"<\/i> may, with his permission, have the vote recorded <b>VERBALLY<\/b>, by stating whether he is in favour or against.<br>\r\n<b>(4)<\/b> a member who finds he has <b>VOTED BY MISTAKE BY PRESSING THE WRONG BUTTON<\/b> may be allowed to correct it, provided he brings it to the Speaker's notice.<br><br>\r\n<b>In both cases the deadline is the same \u2014 BEFORE THE RESULT OF THE DIVISION IS ANNOUNCED.<\/b>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 647, part: 8, partId: 80,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Division\", rule: \"Rule 367A(4)\",\r\n    question: \"Where a member finds that he has voted by mistake by pressing the wrong button of the automatic vote recorder, such member may be allowed to correct the mistake provided that it is brought to the notice of the Speaker by the member\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"before the result of the Division is announced\",\r\n      \"before the conclusion of the sitting\",\r\n      \"immediately on the member becoming aware of it\",\r\n      \"before the proceedings of the House are published\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) before the result of the Division is announced.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367A(4):<\/b> <i>\"IF A MEMBER FINDS HAVING VOTED BY MISTAKE BY PRESSING THE WRONG BUTTON, SUCH MEMBER MAY BE ALLOWED TO CORRECT THE MISTAKE PROVIDED IT IS BROUGHT TO NOTICE OF THE SPEAKER BY THE MEMBER BEFORE THE RESULT OF THE DIVISION IS ANNOUNCED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The announcement of the result is the point of no return<\/b>, and it is so in every one of the division rules, because of the provision that follows it: <b>Rules 367A(2), 367AA(3) and 367B(3)<\/b> all say the result <b>SHALL NOT BE CHALLENGED<\/b> once announced.<br><br>\r\n<b>Collect the four things that must be done BEFORE the result is announced:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367A(3)<\/b> \u2014 a verbal vote by a member unable to press the button, for a reason the Speaker considers sufficient.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 367A(4)<\/b> \u2014 correction of a vote cast by pressing the <b>WRONG BUTTON<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 367B(4)<\/b> \u2014 a vote recorded at the seat or in the Lobby for a member unable to go to the Division Lobby owing to <b>SICKNESS OR INFIRMITY<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 367B(5)<\/b> \u2014 correction of a vote cast <b>IN THE WRONG LOBBY<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 367B(6)<\/b> \u2014 a member who has not yet voted when the Division Lists reach the Table may still do so with the Speaker's permission.<br><br>\r\n<b>And one thing must be done even earlier \u2014 Rule 371:<\/b> an objection to a member's vote on the ground of personal, pecuniary or direct interest must be taken <b>IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE DIVISION IS OVER AND BEFORE THE RESULT IS ANNOUNCED<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 648, part: 8, partId: 81,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Division\", rule: \"Rule 367AA(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Where the Speaker directs that the votes be recorded by members on 'Aye' and 'No' slips, a member shall record his vote on the slip by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"signing it only\",\r\n      \"handing it to the Division Clerk without any endorsement\",\r\n      \"indicating his own Division Number only\",\r\n      \"signing it and indicating his own Division Number thereon\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) signing it and indicating his own Division Number thereon.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367AA(1):<\/b> <i>\"Where the Speaker directs under clause (c) of sub-rule (3) of rule 367 that the votes shall be recorded by members on 'Aye' and 'No' slips, THE DIVISION CLERKS SHALL SUPPLY TO SUCH MEMBERS AT THEIR SEATS, 'AYE' OR 'NO' SLIPS, ACCORDING TO THE CHOICE INDICATED BY A MEMBER. A MEMBER SHALL RECORD THE VOTE ON THE SLIP BY SIGNING AND INDICATING ONE'S OWN DIVISION NUMBER THEREON.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>TWO things are required on the slip<\/b> \u2014 the <b>SIGNATURE<\/b> and the <b>DIVISION NUMBER<\/b>. Both are needed because the slip must identify the voter beyond doubt for the record.<br><br>\r\n<b>The <b>DIVISION NUMBER<\/b> is the member's identifier throughout the division rules:<\/b> under <b>Rule 367B(1)<\/b>, in the Ayes or Noes Lobby <i>\"each member shall STATE ONE'S OWN DIVISION NUMBER and the Division Clerk, WHILE MARKING OFF THE NUMBER ON THE DIVISION LIST, SHALL SIMULTANEOUSLY CALL OUT THE NAME OF THE MEMBER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367AA(2)<\/b> \u2014 after the votes are recorded, the Division Clerks <b>COLLECT<\/b> the slips and bring them <b>TO THE TABLE<\/b>, where they are counted by the <b>OFFICERS AT THE TABLE<\/b> and the totals of Ayes and Noes <b>PRESENTED TO THE SPEAKER<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 367AA(3)<\/b> \u2014 the result is announced by the <b>SPEAKER<\/b> and <b>SHALL NOT BE CHALLENGED<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that Rule 367AA has only THREE sub-rules<\/b>, against four in Rule 367A and six in Rule 367B \u2014 there is no provision for correcting a slip, since a member writes on it himself.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 649, part: 8, partId: 82,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Division\", rule: \"Rule 367B(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Where the Speaker directs that the votes be recorded by the members going into the Lobbies, the Speaker shall direct\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the 'Ayes' to go into the Left Lobby and the 'Noes' into the Right Lobby\",\r\n      \"the 'Ayes' to remain in the Chamber and the 'Noes' to go into the Lobby\",\r\n      \"the 'Ayes' and the 'Noes' to go into the Lobbies in the order in which their names are called\",\r\n      \"the 'Ayes' to go into the Right Lobby and the 'Noes' into the Left Lobby\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) the 'Ayes' to go into the Right Lobby and the 'Noes' into the Left Lobby.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367B(1):<\/b> <i>\"Where the Speaker directs \u2026 that the votes shall be recorded by the members going into the Lobbies, THE SPEAKER SHALL DIRECT THE 'AYES' TO GO INTO THE RIGHT LOBBY AND THE 'NOES' INTO THE LEFT LOBBY. In the 'Ayes' or 'Noes' Lobby, as the case may be, EACH MEMBER SHALL STATE ONE'S OWN DIVISION NUMBER and the DIVISION CLERK, WHILE MARKING OFF THE NUMBER ON THE DIVISION LIST, SHALL SIMULTANEOUSLY CALL OUT THE NAME OF THE MEMBER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>RIGHT for AYE, LEFT for NO<\/b> \u2014 a simple allocation, and precisely the kind of detail on which a single-fact question turns.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the double check built into the procedure:<\/b> the member <b>STATES HIS DIVISION NUMBER<\/b>, and the Clerk, while marking it off, <b>CALLS OUT HIS NAME<\/b> \u2014 so the identification is both given and confirmed aloud.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367B has SIX sub-rules, the most of any division rule, and (4) to (6) are the ones worth carrying:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>(2)<\/b> the Division Lists are brought <b>TO THE TABLE<\/b>, counted by the officers there, and the totals presented to the Speaker.<br>\r\n<b>(3)<\/b> the result is announced by the Speaker and <b>SHALL NOT BE CHALLENGED<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>(4)<\/b> a member unable to go to the Lobby owing to <b>SICKNESS OR INFIRMITY<\/b> may, with permission, have his vote recorded at his seat or in the Lobby.<br>\r\n<b>(5)<\/b> a member who has voted <b>IN THE WRONG LOBBY<\/b> may correct it.<br>\r\n<b>(6)<\/b> a member who has not yet voted when the Division Lists reach the Table may still vote, with the Speaker's permission.<br><br>\r\nAll three of the last are subject to the same deadline \u2014 <b>BEFORE THE RESULT IS ANNOUNCED<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 650, part: 8, partId: 83,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Division\", rule: \"Rule 367B(6)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 367B(6) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where the Division Clerks have brought the Division Lists to the Table, a member who has not up to that time recorded his vote but who then wishes to have it recorded\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"may not do so in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"may do so with the permission of the Speaker, before the result of the Division is announced\",\r\n      \"may do so as of right, before the result of the Division is announced\",\r\n      \"may do so only if the Speaker orders a fresh Division\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) may do so with the permission of the Speaker, before the result of the Division is announced.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367B(6):<\/b> <i>\"WHEN THE DIVISION CLERKS HAVE BROUGHT THE DIVISION LISTS TO THE TABLE, A MEMBER WHO HAS NOT UPTO THAT TIME RECORDED ONE'S OWN VOTE BUT WHO THEN WISHES TO HAVE THE VOTE RECORDED MAY DO SO WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER BEFORE THE RESULT OF THE DIVISION IS ANNOUNCED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>TWO requirements:<\/b> the <b>SPEAKER's PERMISSION<\/b> \u2014 so it is not a right, and option (c) fails \u2014 and the timing, <b>BEFORE THE RESULT IS ANNOUNCED<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367B(6) completes a generous scheme of second chances in the Lobby division<\/b>, and the three should be read together:<br>\r\n<b>(4)<\/b> a member <b>UNABLE TO GO TO THE LOBBY<\/b> owing to sickness or infirmity may vote at his seat or in the Lobby, with permission.<br>\r\n<b>(5)<\/b> a member who has voted <b>IN THE WRONG LOBBY<\/b> may correct the mistake, provided he brings it to the Speaker's notice.<br>\r\n<b>(6)<\/b> a member who has <b>NOT VOTED AT ALL<\/b> by the time the Lists reach the Table may still vote, with permission.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367A carries two of the three for the automatic vote recorder<\/b> \u2014 a verbal vote where a member cannot press the button (367A(3)) and correction of a <b>WRONG BUTTON<\/b> (367A(4)) \u2014 but has no equivalent of 367B(6).<br><br>\r\n<b>In every case the deadline is the announcement of the result<\/b>, after which, by Rules 367A(2), 367AA(3) and 367B(3), the result <b>SHALL NOT BE CHALLENGED<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 651, part: 8, partId: 84,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Division\", rule: \"Rules 367A(2), 367AA(3) and 367B(3)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the announcement of the result of a Division:<br>1. Where the votes are recorded by the automatic vote recorder, the result shall be announced by the Speaker and shall not be challenged.<br>2. Where the votes are recorded on 'Aye' and 'No' slips, the result shall be announced by the Speaker and shall not be challenged.<br>3. Where the votes are recorded by the members going into the Lobbies, the result shall be announced by the Speaker and shall not be challenged.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367A(2)<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"After the result of the voting appears on the indicator board, the result of the Division shall be ANNOUNCED BY THE SPEAKER AND IT SHALL NOT BE CHALLENGED.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367AA(3)<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"The result of the Division shall be announced by the Speaker AND IT SHALL NOT BE CHALLENGED.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367B(3)<\/b> \u2014 identical words.<br><br>\r\n<b>All three modes end in exactly the same way<\/b>, and that uniformity is the point: once names have actually been recorded, the result is <b>FINAL<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The contrast is with the earlier stages of Rule 367, where challenge is the whole mechanism:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>367(2)<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker states his opinion, and it may be <b>CHALLENGED<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>367(3)(a)-(b)<\/b> \u2014 on challenge, the Lobby is cleared and, after <b>three minutes and thirty seconds<\/b>, the question is put a <b>SECOND TIME<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>367(3)(c)<\/b> \u2014 if the opinion is <b>AGAIN CHALLENGED<\/b>, the votes are recorded \u2014 and from that point on, no challenge lies.<br><br>\r\n<b>So challenge is available TWICE, and then not at all.<\/b> The one thing that may still be done after a recorded division is an objection to a particular member's <b>VOTE<\/b> under <b>Rule 371<\/b>, on the ground of personal, pecuniary or direct interest \u2014 and even that must be taken <b>IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE DIVISION IS OVER AND BEFORE THE RESULT IS ANNOUNCED<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 652, part: 8, partId: 85,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Division\", rule: \"Rules 367B(4) and 367A(3)\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. A member who is unable to go to the Division Lobby owing to sickness or infirmity may, with the permission of the Speaker, have the vote recorded either at the allotted seat of such member or in the Lobby.<br>2. A member who is not able to cast his vote by pressing the button due to any reason considered sufficient by the Speaker may, with the permission of the Speaker, have the vote recorded verbally.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367B(4):<\/b> <i>\"A MEMBER WHO IS UNABLE TO GO TO THE DIVISION LOBBY OWING TO SICKNESS OR INFIRMITY MAY, WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER, HAVE THE VOTE RECORDED EITHER AT THE ALLOTTED SEAT OF SUCH MEMBER OR IN THE LOBBY BEFORE THE RESULT OF THE DIVISION IS ANNOUNCED.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367A(3):<\/b> <i>\"A MEMBER WHO IS NOT ABLE TO CAST ONE'S OWN VOTE BY PRESSING THE BUTTON PROVIDED FOR THE PURPOSE DUE TO ANY REASON CONSIDERED SUFFICIENT BY THE SPEAKER, MAY, WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER, HAVE THE VOTE RECORDED VERBALLY BY STATING WHETHER SHE OR HE IS IN FAVOUR OF OR AGAINST THE MOTION, BEFORE THE RESULT OF THE DIVISION IS ANNOUNCED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the difference in the GROUND, which is the discrimination worth carrying:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367B(4)<\/b> \u2014 confined to <b>SICKNESS OR INFIRMITY<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 367A(3)<\/b> \u2014 <b>ANY REASON CONSIDERED SUFFICIENT BY THE SPEAKER<\/b>, which is far wider and covers, for instance, a malfunctioning button.<br><br>\r\n<b>The sickness-or-infirmity concession appears in two other places:<\/b> the proviso to <b>Rule 351<\/b> \u2014 a member so disabled may be permitted to <b>SPEAK SITTING<\/b>; and <b>Rule 349(xx)<\/b> \u2014 a walking stick may be carried into the House if the Speaker permits it on <b>HEALTH GROUNDS<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nIn all four the Speaker's permission is the gateway, and in the two division rules the deadline is the announcement of the result.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 653, part: 8, partId: 86,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Division\", rule: \"Rule 367AA\",\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, are the votes in a Division recorded by the distribution of 'Aye' and 'No' slips?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rule 367\",\r\n      \"Rule 367A\",\r\n      \"Rule 367AA\",\r\n      \"Rule 367B\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Rule 367AA.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367AA<\/b> (marginal note: <i>Division by distribution of 'Aye' and 'No' slips<\/i>): the Division Clerks supply the slips to members <b>AT THEIR SEATS<\/b> according to the choice indicated, and a member records his vote by <b>SIGNING AND INDICATING HIS OWN DIVISION NUMBER<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The four rules of this group, and each has its own function:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367<\/b> \u2014 the <b>GENERAL PROCEDURE<\/b>: question put, voices invited, the Speaker's opinion, challenge, Lobby cleared, <b>three minutes and thirty seconds<\/b>, question put a second time, and on a second challenge the direction to record votes in one of three ways \u2014 with a <b>PROVISO<\/b> allowing a count of members rising where the division is unnecessarily claimed, in which case <b>NO NAMES ARE RECORDED<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 367A<\/b> \u2014 the <b>AUTOMATIC VOTE RECORDER<\/b>: votes cast from allotted seats by pressing buttons; verbal vote for a member unable to press; correction of a wrong button.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 367AA<\/b> \u2014 <b>SLIPS<\/b>: signed and bearing the Division Number; collected and counted at the Table.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 367B<\/b> \u2014 <b>LOBBIES<\/b>: <b>AYES to the RIGHT, NOES to the LEFT<\/b>; Division Number stated and name called out; provisions for sickness, the wrong Lobby, and a late voter.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the lettering, which is itself a clue to the amendment history:<\/b> Rule 367A came first, and <b>367AA<\/b> was inserted afterwards between it and 367B.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 654, part: 8, partId: 87,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Papers to be laid on the Table\", rule: \"Rule 368\",\r\n    question: \"Where a Minister quotes in the House a despatch or other State paper which has not been presented to the House, the Minister shall lay the relevant paper on the Table; but this shall not apply\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"to any document which the Minister states to be of such a nature that its production would be inconsistent with public interest\",\r\n      \"to any document which has been published in the Gazette\",\r\n      \"to any document relating to a matter which is sub judice\",\r\n      \"to any document originating in a State Government\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 368:<\/b> <i>\"IF A MINISTER QUOTES IN THE HOUSE A DESPATCH OR OTHER STATE PAPER WHICH HAS NOT BEEN PRESENTED TO THE HOUSE, THE MINISTER SHALL LAY THE RELEVANT PAPER ON THE TABLE: Provided that this rule shall NOT APPLY TO ANY DOCUMENTS WHICH ARE STATED BY THE MINISTER TO BE OF SUCH A NATURE THAT THEIR PRODUCTION WOULD BE INCONSISTENT WITH PUBLIC INTEREST: Provided further that WHERE A MINISTER GIVES IN ONE'S OWN WORDS A SUMMARY OR GIST OF SUCH DESPATCH OR STATE PAPER IT SHALL NOT BE NECESSARY TO LAY THE RELEVANT PAPERS ON THE TABLE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>TWO provisos, and the second is the more practically important.<\/b> A Minister who <b>QUOTES<\/b> must lay the paper; a Minister who gives a <b>SUMMARY OR GIST IN HIS OWN WORDS<\/b> need not. So the obligation is triggered by quotation, not by reliance.<br><br>\r\n<b>The rule embodies a principle of fairness in debate:<\/b> a Minister may not read to the House from a document and then withhold it, since members cannot test a quotation they cannot see.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 369<\/b> deals with what happens to a paper once laid: <b>(1)<\/b> it <i>\"shall be DULY AUTHENTICATED BY THE MEMBER PRESENTING IT\"<\/i>; <b>(2)<\/b> <i>\"ALL PAPERS AND DOCUMENTS LAID ON THE TABLE SHALL BE CONSIDERED PUBLIC.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 370<\/b> extends the principle to advice and opinions: where in answer to a question or during debate a Minister <b>DISCLOSES<\/b> the advice or opinion given to him by an officer of the Government or any other person or authority, he shall <b>ORDINARILY<\/b> lay the relevant document, or parts of it, or a <b>SUMMARY<\/b> thereof, on the Table.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 655, part: 8, partId: 88,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Papers to be laid on the Table\", rule: \"Second proviso to Rule 368\",\r\n    question: \"Where a Minister gives in his own words a summary or gist of a despatch or State paper which has not been presented to the House,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the relevant paper shall nevertheless be laid on the Table\",\r\n      \"the paper shall be laid on the Table only if a member so requires\",\r\n      \"the summary shall be laid on the Table instead of the paper\",\r\n      \"it shall not be necessary to lay the relevant papers on the Table\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) it shall not be necessary to lay the relevant papers on the Table.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 368:<\/b> <i>\"Provided further that WHERE A MINISTER GIVES IN ONE'S OWN WORDS A SUMMARY OR GIST OF SUCH DESPATCH OR STATE PAPER IT SHALL NOT BE NECESSARY TO LAY THE RELEVANT PAPERS ON THE TABLE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The distinction is between QUOTING and SUMMARISING<\/b>, and it is the whole point of the proviso. A quotation puts the document's own words before the House and must be verifiable; a Minister's summary is his own statement, for which he is answerable in the ordinary way.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that Rule 370 goes the other way on a summary<\/b>, and the contrast is instructive: where a Minister <b>DISCLOSES ADVICE OR OPINION<\/b> given to him, he shall <b>ORDINARILY<\/b> lay the document, or parts of it, <b>\"OR A SUMMARY THEREOF\"<\/b> on the Table. So under Rule 368 a summary <b>EXCUSES<\/b> laying; under Rule 370 a summary is one of the things that may <b>BE<\/b> laid.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note also the softening word in Rule 370 \u2014 \"ORDINARILY\"<\/b>, which does not appear in Rule 368. The duty to lay a quoted State paper is firm, subject to the public-interest proviso; the duty to lay disclosed advice is qualified.<br><br>\r\n<b>The first proviso to Rule 368<\/b> supplies the other exception: the rule does not apply to documents <i>\"STATED BY THE MINISTER to be of such a nature that their production would be INCONSISTENT WITH PUBLIC INTEREST\"<\/i> \u2014 and note that it is the Minister's own statement that engages it.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 656, part: 8, partId: 89,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Papers to be laid on the Table\", rule: \"Rule 369\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding papers laid on the Table:<br>1. A paper or document to be laid on the Table shall be duly authenticated by the member presenting it.<br>2. All papers and documents laid on the Table shall be considered public.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 369(1):<\/b> <i>\"A PAPER OR DOCUMENT TO BE LAID ON THE TABLE SHALL BE DULY AUTHENTICATED BY THE MEMBER PRESENTING IT.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 369(2):<\/b> <i>\"ALL PAPERS AND DOCUMENTS LAID ON THE TABLE SHALL BE CONSIDERED PUBLIC.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Sub-rule (2) is the more consequential of the two, and it runs through the whole book.<\/b> Laying a paper on the Table is the act that makes it public \u2014 and that explains a great deal elsewhere:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 275(2)<\/b> \u2014 no part of the evidence, report or proceedings of a Committee <b>WHICH HAS NOT BEEN LAID ON THE TABLE<\/b> is open to inspection <i>\"except under the authority of the Speaker.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 278<\/b> \u2014 a completed part of a report made available to Government before presentation <i>\"shall be treated as CONFIDENTIAL UNTIL PRESENTED to the House.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 186(x)<\/b> \u2014 a motion shall not seek discussion on a paper laid on the Table <b>BY A PRIVATE MEMBER<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 53<\/b> \u2014 an answer may be released for publication once <b>LAID ON THE TABLE<\/b>, as an alternative to being given on the floor.<br><br>\r\n<b>Sub-rule (1) fixes responsibility:<\/b> the paper is authenticated by <b>THE MEMBER PRESENTING IT<\/b> \u2014 a requirement of the same order as the countersignature of a petition under <b>Rule 164(1)<\/b> and of an ethics complaint under <b>Rule 233A(7)<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Committee on Papers Laid on the Table<\/b> (Rules 322A onwards) then examines whether such papers have been laid in time and in the proper form.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 657, part: 8, partId: 90,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Papers to be laid on the Table\", rule: \"Rule 370\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 370 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where, in answer to a question or during debate, a Minister discloses the advice or opinion given to him by any officer of the Government or by any other person or authority, the Minister shall\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in every case lay the entire document on the Table\",\r\n      \"ordinarily lay the relevant document or parts of the document containing that opinion or advice, or a summary thereof, on the Table\",\r\n      \"lay the document on the Table only if the Speaker so directs\",\r\n      \"lay the document on the Table only if it is not of a confidential nature\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 370:<\/b> <i>\"IF, IN ANSWER TO A QUESTION OR DURING DEBATE, A MINISTER DISCLOSES THE ADVICE OR OPINION GIVEN TO THE MINISTER BY ANY OFFICER OF THE GOVERNMENT OR BY ANY OTHER PERSON OR AUTHORITY, THE MINISTER SHALL ORDINARILY LAY THE RELEVANT DOCUMENT OR PARTS OF DOCUMENT CONTAINING THAT OPINION OR ADVICE, OR A SUMMARY THEREOF ON THE TABLE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>THREE things satisfy the rule<\/b>, and that flexibility is the answer: the <b>WHOLE DOCUMENT<\/b>, the <b>PARTS<\/b> containing the advice, or a <b>SUMMARY<\/b> of it. Option (a) makes the duty absolute and is wrong on both counts \u2014 the whole document is not required, and the duty is only to <b>ORDINARILY<\/b> lay it.<br><br>\r\n<b>The principle is that a Minister who relies on advice cannot use it selectively.<\/b> Having disclosed it, he must put the House in a position to see it. But <b>Article 74(2)<\/b> protects a different class of advice altogether \u2014 that tendered by Ministers to the President, which no court may inquire into, and which <b>Rule 186(xvii)<\/b> and <b>Rule 41(2)(xxi)<\/b> place beyond a motion or a question.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the width of the sources named<\/b> \u2014 an <b>OFFICER OF THE GOVERNMENT<\/b> or <b>ANY OTHER PERSON OR AUTHORITY<\/b>. And note the two occasions: <b>IN ANSWER TO A QUESTION<\/b>, or <b>DURING DEBATE<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast Rule 368<\/b>, where the trigger is <b>QUOTING<\/b> a State paper and a summary in the Minister's own words <b>EXCUSES<\/b> laying. Under Rule 370 a summary is a permitted <b>MODE<\/b> of compliance, not an escape from it.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 658, part: 8, partId: 91,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Papers to be laid on the Table\", rule: \"Rules 368, 369 and 370\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to papers laid on the Table?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Where a Minister quotes a State paper which has not been presented to the House, the Minister shall lay the relevant paper on the Table\",\r\n      \"A paper to be laid on the Table shall be duly authenticated by the member presenting it\",\r\n      \"Papers and documents laid on the Table shall be treated as confidential until the Speaker otherwise directs\",\r\n      \"Where a Minister discloses advice given to him by an officer of the Government, he shall ordinarily lay the relevant document or a summary thereof on the Table\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 369(2):<\/b> <i>\"ALL PAPERS AND DOCUMENTS LAID ON THE TABLE SHALL BE CONSIDERED PUBLIC.\"<\/i> The option states the exact opposite.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b> <b>Rule 368<\/b> (A \u2713); <b>Rule 369(1)<\/b> (B \u2713); <b>Rule 370<\/b> (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>The word \"CONFIDENTIAL\" does appear in the Rules, but in relation to something quite different \u2014 Rule 278:<\/b> where a completed part of a Committee's report is made available to Government before presentation, <i>\"IT SHALL BE TREATED AS CONFIDENTIAL UNTIL PRESENTED TO THE HOUSE.\"<\/i> And <b>Rule 275(2)<\/b> keeps a Committee's evidence and proceedings closed to inspection until laid on the Table, <i>\"except under the authority of the Speaker.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>So the dividing line in both cases is the LAYING ON THE TABLE:<\/b> before it, confidential; after it, public. Rule 369(2) states the second half of that proposition, and Rules 275(2) and 278 the first.<br><br>\r\n<b>The one thing that remains restricted even after laying is CUSTODY \u2014 Rule 383:<\/b> the <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b> has custody of all records, documents and papers belonging to the House, its Committees or the Secretariat, and <i>\"shall NOT PERMIT any such records, documents or papers TO BE TAKEN FROM THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i> Public to read; not free to remove.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 659, part: 8, partId: 92,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Objection to vote of a Member\", rule: \"Rule 371\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 371 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where the vote of a member in a division is challenged on the ground of personal, pecuniary or direct interest in the matter to be decided, the decision whether the vote should be disallowed or not shall be taken by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the House, on a motion made by any member\",\r\n      \"the Speaker, subject to confirmation by the House\",\r\n      \"the Committee of Privileges\",\r\n      \"the Speaker, whose decision shall be final\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) the Speaker, whose decision shall be final.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 371:<\/b> <i>\"If the vote of a member in a division in the House is challenged on the ground of PERSONAL, PECUNIARY OR DIRECT INTEREST in the matter to be decided, the Speaker, IF CONSIDERS NECESSARY, MAY CALL UPON THE MEMBER MAKING THE CHALLENGE TO STATE PRECISELY THE GROUNDS OF OBJECTION AND THE MEMBER WHOSE VOTE HAS BEEN CHALLENGED TO STATE ONE'S OWN CASE and SHALL DECIDE WHETHER THE VOTE OF THE MEMBER SHOULD BE DISALLOWED OR NOT AND THE DECISION OF THE SPEAKER SHALL BE FINAL.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the procedure the rule contemplates \u2014 BOTH SIDES may be heard:<\/b> the objector states his grounds <b>PRECISELY<\/b>, and the member challenged states his own case. But that is discretionary \u2014 <i>\"if considers necessary\"<\/i>; the decision is not.<br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso imposes a strict time limit:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that the vote of a member or members is challenged IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE DIVISION IS OVER AND BEFORE THE RESULT IS ANNOUNCED BY THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i> Once the result is announced, the moment has gone \u2014 consistent with Rules 367A(2), 367AA(3) and 367B(3), under which an announced result <b>SHALL NOT BE CHALLENGED<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 371 is one of a small group of decisions declared FINAL:<\/b> <b>Rule 376(3)<\/b> (a point of order), <b>Rule 382(3)<\/b> (whether a paper is in connection with the business of the House), <b>Rule 255<\/b> (an objection to a member's inclusion in a Committee), <b>Rule 233A(10)<\/b> (the Committee on Ethics on whether a matter is sub judice) and <b>Article 110(3)<\/b> (whether a Bill is a Money Bill).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 660, part: 8, partId: 93,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Objection to vote of a Member\", rule: \"Explanation to Rule 371\",\r\n    question: \"For the purposes of an objection to the vote of a member on the ground of interest, the interest of the member should be direct, personal or pecuniary and should\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"separately belong to the person whose vote is questioned, and not be in common with the public in general or with any class or section thereof or on a matter of State policy\",\r\n      \"be capable of being valued in money\",\r\n      \"have arisen before the commencement of the debate on the matter\",\r\n      \"be disclosed by the member before the division is taken\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Explanation to Rule 371:<\/b> <i>\"For the purposes of this rule THE INTEREST OF THE MEMBER SHOULD BE DIRECT, PERSONAL OR PECUNIARY AND SEPARATELY BELONG TO THE PERSON WHOSE VOTE IS QUESTIONED AND NOT IN COMMON WITH THE PUBLIC IN GENERAL OR WITH ANY CLASS OR SECTION THEREOF OR ON A MATTER OF STATE POLICY.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The Explanation is what makes Rule 371 workable, and it does so by EXCLUDING three things:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 an interest <b>IN COMMON WITH THE PUBLIC IN GENERAL<\/b>;<br>\r\n\u2022 an interest shared with <b>ANY CLASS OR SECTION<\/b> of the public;<br>\r\n\u2022 an interest <b>ON A MATTER OF STATE POLICY<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nWithout those exclusions the rule would be unusable: every member is a taxpayer, a consumer and a citizen, and almost every vote touches him in some such capacity. What Rule 371 catches is an interest that <b>SEPARATELY BELONGS<\/b> to him.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note also the third exclusion.<\/b> A matter of <b>STATE POLICY<\/b> can never found an objection, however much a member may be affected \u2014 because policy is what the House exists to decide.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same three-fold formula \u2014 \"personal, pecuniary or direct interest\" \u2014 appears in Rule 255<\/b>, which allows an objection to a member's inclusion in a Committee on that ground, and there too <i>\"the decision of the Speaker shall be FINAL.\"<\/i> Rule 371 governs the <b>VOTE<\/b>; Rule 255 the <b>MEMBERSHIP OF A COMMITTEE<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 661, part: 8, partId: 94,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Objection to vote of a Member\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 371\",\r\n    question: \"An objection to the vote of a member in a division on the ground of personal, pecuniary or direct interest shall be taken\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"at any time before the proceedings of the sitting are published\",\r\n      \"immediately after the division is over and before the result is announced by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"before the division is taken\",\r\n      \"at any time during the same sitting\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) immediately after the division is over and before the result is announced by the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 371:<\/b> <i>\"Provided that THE VOTE OF A MEMBER OR MEMBERS IS CHALLENGED IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE DIVISION IS OVER AND BEFORE THE RESULT IS ANNOUNCED BY THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The window is narrow and precisely bounded at both ends<\/b> \u2014 it opens when the <b>DIVISION IS OVER<\/b> and closes when the <b>RESULT IS ANNOUNCED<\/b>. Option (c) is therefore wrong as well as (a) and (d): the challenge cannot be made before the division, because until the votes are cast there is no vote to object to.<br><br>\r\n<b>The closing point is dictated by the finality of the announcement.<\/b> Under <b>Rules 367A(2), 367AA(3) and 367B(3)<\/b> the result, once announced by the Speaker, <b>SHALL NOT BE CHALLENGED<\/b> \u2014 so a vote could not be disallowed afterwards without unsettling a result that the rules make final.<br><br>\r\n<b>The announcement of the result is the common deadline for everything of this kind, and the list is worth collecting:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 367A(3)<\/b> \u2014 a verbal vote where a member cannot press the button.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 367A(4)<\/b> \u2014 correction of a <b>WRONG BUTTON<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 367B(4)<\/b> \u2014 a vote recorded at the seat or in the Lobby for sickness or infirmity.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 367B(5)<\/b> \u2014 correction of a vote cast in the <b>WRONG LOBBY<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 367B(6)<\/b> \u2014 a member who has not yet voted when the Lists reach the Table.<br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 371<\/b> \u2014 an objection to a member's vote for interest.<br><br>\r\nSix provisions, one deadline.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 662, part: 8, partId: 95,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Statement by Minister\", rule: \"Rule 372\",\r\n    question: \"A statement may be made by a Minister on a matter of public importance with the consent of the Speaker, but\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"no debate shall arise on the statement at any time\",\r\n      \"no question shall be asked at the time the statement is made\",\r\n      \"the statement shall be laid on the Table instead of being read\",\r\n      \"not more than five members may seek clarifications\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) no question shall be asked at the time the statement is made.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 372:<\/b> <i>\"A STATEMENT MAY BE MADE BY A MINISTER ON A MATTER OF PUBLIC IMPORTANCE WITH THE CONSENT OF THE SPEAKER BUT NO QUESTION SHALL BE ASKED AT THE TIME THE STATEMENT IS MADE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note precisely what is barred, and when.<\/b> The rule prohibits a <b>QUESTION<\/b>, <b>AT THE TIME<\/b> the statement is made. It does not say that no debate shall ever arise, and it does not shut off the matter permanently \u2014 which is why option (a), with its \"at any time\", overstates the rule.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the three neighbouring devices, each of which handles the aftermath differently:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 197(2)<\/b> \u2014 a <b>CALLING ATTENTION<\/b> statement: no debate, <b>BUT<\/b> each member in whose name the item stands (at most five, by the proviso) may with the Speaker's permission ask <b>ONE CLARIFICATORY QUESTION<\/b>, and the Minister replies at the end to all.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 199(3)<\/b> \u2014 a <b>RESIGNED MINISTER's<\/b> personal statement: no debate, <b>BUT<\/b> a Minister may make a statement pertinent thereto.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 372<\/b> \u2014 a <b>MINISTER's<\/b> statement on a matter of public importance: no question at the time.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 357<\/b> \u2014 a member's <b>PERSONAL EXPLANATION<\/b>: no debatable matter may be brought forward and <b>NO DEBATE SHALL ARISE<\/b> \u2014 the strictest of the four.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) borrows the figure FIVE from the proviso to Rule 197(2)<\/b>, which has no application here \u2014 Rule 372 sets no number, because no questions are permitted at all.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 663, part: 8, partId: 96,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Withdrawal and Suspension of Members\", rule: \"Rule 373\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 373 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, where the Speaker is of the opinion that the conduct of a member is grossly disorderly, he may direct such member to withdraw immediately from the House, and the member so ordered shall withdraw forthwith and shall remain absent\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"during the remainder of the day's sitting\",\r\n      \"for five consecutive sittings\",\r\n      \"during the remainder of the session\",\r\n      \"until the House by a motion resolves otherwise\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) during the remainder of the day's sitting.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 373:<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker, IF IS OF THE OPINION THAT THE CONDUCT OF ANY MEMBER IS GROSSLY DISORDERLY, MAY DIRECT SUCH MEMBER TO WITHDRAW IMMEDIATELY FROM THE HOUSE, AND ANY MEMBER SO ORDERED TO WITHDRAW SHALL DO SO FORTHWITH AND SHALL REMAIN ABSENT DURING THE REMAINDER OF THE DAY'S SITTING.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 373 is the lightest of the three sanctions, and the three must be kept distinct \u2014 this is the group the papers return to:<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>RULE 373 \u2014 WITHDRAWAL.<\/b> Ground: conduct <b>GROSSLY DISORDERLY<\/b>. Imposed by the <b>SPEAKER ALONE<\/b>, with no motion. Duration: <b>THE REMAINDER OF THE DAY'S SITTING<\/b>. The member withdraws <b>FROM THE HOUSE<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>RULE 374 \u2014 SUSPENSION.<\/b> Ground: <b>DISREGARDING THE AUTHORITY OF THE CHAIR<\/b> or abusing the rules by <b>PERSISTENTLY AND WILFULLY OBSTRUCTING<\/b> business. The Speaker <b>NAMES<\/b> the member, and on a <b>MOTION<\/b> the House suspends him for a period <b>NOT EXCEEDING THE REMAINDER OF THE SESSION<\/b>. He withdraws <b>FROM THE PRECINCTS<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>RULE 374A \u2014 AUTOMATIC SUSPENSION.<\/b> Ground: <b>GRAVE DISORDER<\/b> occasioned by coming into the <b>WELL OF THE HOUSE<\/b> or shouting slogans. <b>NO MOTION<\/b> \u2014 on being named the member stands suspended for <b>FIVE CONSECUTIVE SITTINGS OR THE REMAINDER OF THE SESSION, WHICHEVER IS LESS<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 375<\/b> then deals with the House rather than the member: in grave disorder the Speaker may <b>ADJOURN THE HOUSE OR SUSPEND THE SITTING<\/b> for a time to be named by him.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 664, part: 8, partId: 97,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Withdrawal and Suspension of Members\", rule: \"Rule 374(1)\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker may name a member who\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"is grossly disorderly in his conduct\",\r\n      \"disregards the authority of the Chair or abuses the rules of the House by persistently and wilfully obstructing the business thereof\",\r\n      \"comes into the well of the House\",\r\n      \"persists in irrelevance or in tedious repetition\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 374(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker, MAY, IF DEEMS IT NECESSARY, NAME A MEMBER WHO DISREGARDS THE AUTHORITY OF THE CHAIR OR ABUSES THE RULES OF THE HOUSE BY PERSISTENTLY AND WILFULLY OBSTRUCTING THE BUSINESS THEREOF.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>TWO alternative grounds:<\/b> <b>DISREGARDING THE AUTHORITY OF THE CHAIR<\/b>, or <b>ABUSING THE RULES BY PERSISTENTLY AND WILFULLY OBSTRUCTING<\/b> business. Note that the second requires the obstruction to be both <b>PERSISTENT<\/b> and <b>WILFUL<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The distractors are the grounds of the three neighbouring sanctions, and separating them is the object of the question:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Option (a) \u2014 Rule 373:<\/b> conduct <b>GROSSLY DISORDERLY<\/b> \u2192 the Speaker <b>DIRECTS WITHDRAWAL<\/b> for the remainder of the day's sitting.<br>\r\n<b>Option (c) \u2014 Rule 374A:<\/b> <b>GRAVE DISORDER<\/b> occasioned by a member coming into the <b>WELL OF THE HOUSE<\/b> \u2192 <b>AUTOMATIC SUSPENSION<\/b> on being named.<br>\r\n<b>Option (d) \u2014 Rule 356:<\/b> <b>IRRELEVANCE OR TEDIOUS REPETITION<\/b> \u2192 the Speaker, after calling the attention of the House, may direct the member to <b>DISCONTINUE HIS SPEECH<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 374(2)<\/b> supplies what follows naming: <i>\"the Speaker shall, ON A MOTION BEING MADE FORTHWITH PUT THE QUESTION that the member (naming such member) BE SUSPENDED FROM THE SERVICE OF THE HOUSE FOR A PERIOD NOT EXCEEDING THE REMAINDER OF THE SESSION: Provided that THE HOUSE MAY, AT ANY TIME, ON A MOTION BEING MADE, RESOLVE THAT SUCH SUSPENSION BE TERMINATED.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 374(3):<\/b> a member so suspended shall <b>FORTHWITH WITHDRAW FROM THE PRECINCTS OF THE HOUSE<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 665, part: 8, partId: 98,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Withdrawal and Suspension of Members\", rule: \"Rule 374(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Where a member is named by the Speaker, the Speaker shall, on a motion being made, forthwith put the question that the member be suspended from the service of the House for a period not exceeding\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"five consecutive sittings\",\r\n      \"thirty days\",\r\n      \"the remainder of the day's sitting\",\r\n      \"the remainder of the session\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) the remainder of the session.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 374(2):<\/b> <i>\"If a member is so named by the Speaker, the Speaker shall, ON A MOTION BEING MADE FORTHWITH PUT THE QUESTION that the member (naming such member) BE SUSPENDED FROM THE SERVICE OF THE HOUSE FOR A PERIOD NOT EXCEEDING THE REMAINDER OF THE SESSION: Provided that the HOUSE MAY, AT ANY TIME, ON A MOTION BEING MADE, RESOLVE THAT SUCH SUSPENSION BE TERMINATED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note that suspension under Rule 374 requires TWO acts<\/b> \u2014 the <b>SPEAKER NAMES<\/b> the member, and the <b>HOUSE<\/b> then decides on a motion put forthwith. It is not the Speaker's own sanction, unlike withdrawal under Rule 373.<br><br>\r\n<b>The maximum is \"NOT EXCEEDING THE REMAINDER OF THE SESSION\"<\/b> \u2014 a ceiling, not a fixed term, so the House may impose less. And by the proviso the House may <b>TERMINATE<\/b> the suspension at any time on a motion.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast Rule 374A, which is genuinely automatic:<\/b> <i>\"NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING CONTAINED IN RULES 373 AND 374, in the event of GRAVE DISORDER OCCASIONED BY A MEMBER COMING INTO THE WELL OF THE HOUSE or abusing the Rules of the House persistently and wilfully obstructing its business BY SHOUTING SLOGANS OR OTHERWISE, such member SHALL, ON BEING NAMED BY THE SPEAKER, STAND AUTOMATICALLY SUSPENDED FROM THE SERVICE OF THE HOUSE FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE SITTINGS OR THE REMAINDER OF THE SESSION, WHICHEVER IS LESS.\"<\/i> (Added by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 5.12.2001.)<br><br>\r\n<b>So Rule 374 needs a motion; Rule 374A needs only the naming<\/b> \u2014 but both carry the same proviso allowing the House to terminate the suspension, and under Rules 374(3) and 374A(2) the member withdraws from the <b>PRECINCTS<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 666, part: 8, partId: 99,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Withdrawal and Suspension of Members\", rule: \"Proviso to Rule 374A(1)\",\r\n    question: \"Where a member stands automatically suspended from the service of the House on being named by the Speaker for coming into the well of the House, the suspension\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"may be terminated by the House at any time, on a motion being made\",\r\n      \"may be terminated only by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"shall run for its full period and cannot be terminated\",\r\n      \"may be terminated only on the expiry of the current session\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) may be terminated by the House at any time, on a motion being made.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 374A(1):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that THE HOUSE MAY, AT ANY TIME, ON A MOTION BEING MADE, RESOLVE THAT SUCH SUSPENSION BE TERMINATED.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The proviso is what keeps the automatic suspension from being irreversible<\/b>, and it is the answer to the natural assumption in option (c). Suspension follows the naming without any vote \u2014 but its <b>TERMINATION<\/b> requires a vote, and the House may take it at any time.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note who does what, and the asymmetry is the point:<\/b> the <b>SPEAKER<\/b> alone triggers the suspension by naming the member; only the <b>HOUSE<\/b> can lift it. Option (b) inverts that.<br><br>\r\n<b>The identical proviso appears in Rule 374(2)<\/b> for a suspension imposed by the House on a motion. So both suspensions in the chapter are terminable in exactly the same way, and the distinction between them lies entirely in how they are <b>IMPOSED<\/b>:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 374<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker <b>NAMES<\/b>, then the House decides <b>ON A MOTION<\/b>; period <b>NOT EXCEEDING THE REMAINDER OF THE SESSION<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 374A<\/b> \u2014 naming alone suffices, <b>NOTWITHSTANDING RULES 373 AND 374<\/b>; period <b>FIVE CONSECUTIVE SITTINGS OR THE REMAINDER OF THE SESSION, WHICHEVER IS LESS<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 373 has no such proviso<\/b>, and needs none \u2014 a direction to withdraw expires with the day's sitting in any event.<br><br>\r\nUnder <b>Rule 374A(2)<\/b>, on the Speaker announcing the suspension the member shall <b>FORTHWITH WITHDRAW FROM THE PRECINCTS<\/b> of the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 667, part: 8, partId: 100,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Withdrawal and Suspension of Members\", rule: \"Rules 373, 374 and 374A\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. A member directed by the Speaker to withdraw from the House on the ground of grossly disorderly conduct shall remain absent during the remainder of the day's sitting.<br>2. A member suspended after being named by the Speaker shall forthwith withdraw from the precincts of the House.<br>3. Where a member stands automatically suspended, the House may at any time, on a motion being made, resolve that such suspension be terminated.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 373<\/b> \u2014 a member ordered to withdraw <i>\"shall do so forthwith and shall REMAIN ABSENT DURING THE REMAINDER OF THE DAY'S SITTING.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 374(3)<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"A member suspended under this rule shall FORTHWITH WITHDRAW FROM THE PRECINCTS OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 374A(1)<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"Provided that the House may, AT ANY TIME, ON A MOTION BEING MADE, RESOLVE THAT SUCH SUSPENSION BE TERMINATED.\"<\/i> \u2014 and the identical proviso appears in Rule 374(2).<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the difference in the AREA from which the member must go, which is a fine and examinable point:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 373<\/b> \u2014 withdraw <b>FROM THE HOUSE<\/b>, and remain absent for the day's sitting.<br>\r\n<b>Rules 374(3) and 374A(2)<\/b> \u2014 withdraw <b>FROM THE PRECINCTS OF THE HOUSE<\/b>.<br>\r\n\"Precincts of the House\" is defined in <b>Rule 2(1)<\/b> as <i>\"the Chamber, the Lobbies, the Galleries and such other places as the Speaker may from time to time specify\"<\/i> \u2014 so a suspended member must leave the building, not merely the Chamber.<br><br>\r\n<b>And note that BOTH suspensions can be lifted by the House.<\/b> Neither Rule 374 nor Rule 374A leaves the member without a remedy: the House may terminate the suspension at any time on a motion. Only the day's withdrawal under Rule 373 has no such proviso \u2014 because it expires with the sitting in any event.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 668, part: 8, partId: 101,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Withdrawal and Suspension of Members\", rule: \"Rule 374A\",\r\n    question: \"Under which one of the following Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, does a member stand automatically suspended from the service of the House on being named by the Speaker?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rule 373\",\r\n      \"Rule 374\",\r\n      \"Rule 374A\",\r\n      \"Rule 375\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Rule 374A.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 374A<\/b> (marginal note: <i>Automatic Suspension of a member<\/i>) was <b>ADDED by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 5.12.2001<\/b> \u2014 the newest provision in this part of the chapter.<br><br>\r\n<b>The four rules of this group, distinguished:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 373<\/b> \u2014 <b>WITHDRAWAL<\/b>: conduct <b>GROSSLY DISORDERLY<\/b>; the Speaker directs; the member remains absent for the <b>REMAINDER OF THE DAY'S SITTING<\/b>; he withdraws from <b>THE HOUSE<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 374<\/b> \u2014 <b>SUSPENSION<\/b>: disregard of the authority of the Chair, or persistent and wilful obstruction; the Speaker <b>NAMES<\/b>, and the <b>HOUSE<\/b> decides on a motion put forthwith; up to the <b>REMAINDER OF THE SESSION<\/b>; withdrawal from the <b>PRECINCTS<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 374A<\/b> \u2014 <b>AUTOMATIC SUSPENSION<\/b>: the <b>WELL OF THE HOUSE<\/b> or shouting slogans; <b>NO MOTION<\/b>, suspension follows the naming; <b>FIVE CONSECUTIVE SITTINGS OR THE REMAINDER OF THE SESSION, WHICHEVER IS LESS<\/b>; withdrawal from the <b>PRECINCTS<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 375<\/b> \u2014 <b>ADJOURNMENT OR SUSPENSION OF THE SITTING<\/b>: in <b>GRAVE DISORDER<\/b>, the Speaker may adjourn the House or suspend any sitting <b>FOR A TIME TO BE NAMED BY HIM<\/b> \u2014 a measure directed at the House, not at any member.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that \"GRAVE DISORDER\" is the trigger in BOTH Rule 374A and Rule 375<\/b> \u2014 the same condition, met either by removing the member or by suspending the sitting.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 669, part: 8, partId: 102,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Adjournment for grave disorder\", rule: \"Rule 375\",\r\n    question: \"In the case of grave disorder arising in the House, the Speaker may, if he thinks it necessary to do so,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"adjourn the House or suspend any sitting for a time to be named by him\",\r\n      \"adjourn the House to the next day only\",\r\n      \"suspend the sitting for a period not exceeding one hour\",\r\n      \"direct that the House be cleared of all strangers\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) adjourn the House or suspend any sitting for a time to be named by him.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 375:<\/b> <i>\"IN THE CASE OF A GRAVE DISORDER ARISING IN THE HOUSE, THE SPEAKER, MAY IF THINKS IT NECESSARY TO DO SO, ADJOURN THE HOUSE OR SUSPEND ANY SITTING FOR A TIME TO BE NAMED BY THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>TWO powers, and no fixed period for either<\/b> \u2014 the time is <b>TO BE NAMED BY THE SPEAKER<\/b>. Options (b) and (c) each invent a limit the rule does not contain.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 375 is directed at the SITTING; Rules 373, 374 and 374A at the MEMBER.<\/b> \"Grave disorder\" is the trigger for both Rule 375 and Rule 374A, so the same situation may be met either by removing the offending member or by stopping the sitting \u2014 or both.<br><br>\r\n<b>The power to adjourn under Rule 375 should not be confused with the other adjournments in the book:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 15(1)<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker <b>DETERMINES<\/b> when a sitting is adjourned <b>SINE DIE<\/b> or to a particular day or hour, with a proviso allowing him to call a sitting earlier.<br>\r\n<b>Rules 56 to 63<\/b> \u2014 a motion for the <b>ADJOURNMENT OF THE BUSINESS<\/b> of the House to discuss a definite matter of urgent public importance, which amounts to censure.<br>\r\n<b>Rules 109 and 340<\/b> \u2014 a motion that the <b>DEBATE<\/b> on a Bill or a motion be adjourned.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 375<\/b> \u2014 adjournment or suspension for <b>GRAVE DISORDER<\/b>, imposed by the Chair alone.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 378<\/b> is the general power behind it: <i>\"THE SPEAKER SHALL PRESERVE ORDER AND SHALL HAVE ALL POWERS NECESSARY FOR THE PURPOSE OF ENFORCING OWN DECISIONS.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 670, part: 8, partId: 103,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Points of Order\", rule: \"Rule 376(1)\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 376(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a point of order shall relate to the interpretation or enforcement of the rules, or such Articles of the Constitution as regulate the business of the House, and shall raise a question which is\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"of sufficient public importance\",\r\n      \"within the cognizance of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"connected with the business then before the House\",\r\n      \"not capable of being raised on a substantive motion\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) within the cognizance of the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 376(1):<\/b> <i>\"A POINT OF ORDER SHALL RELATE TO THE INTERPRETATION OR ENFORCEMENT OF THESE RULES OR SUCH ARTICLES OF THE CONSTITUTION AS REGULATE THE BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE AND SHALL RAISE A QUESTION WHICH IS WITHIN THE COGNIZANCE OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>THREE elements make up a point of order<\/b>, and all must be present: it must concern the <b>INTERPRETATION OR ENFORCEMENT<\/b> of the rules or of Constitutional Articles <b>REGULATING THE BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE<\/b>; and it must raise a question <b>WITHIN THE COGNIZANCE OF THE SPEAKER<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (c) states Rule 376(2), which is a separate requirement of TIMING:<\/b> <i>\"A point of order may be raised in relation to the business before the House at the moment: Provided that the Speaker MAY PERMIT A MEMBER TO RAISE A POINT OF ORDER DURING THE INTERVAL BETWEEN THE TERMINATION OF ONE ITEM OF BUSINESS AND THE COMMENCEMENT OF ANOTHER if it relates to MAINTENANCE OF ORDER IN, OR ARRANGEMENT OF BUSINESS BEFORE, THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 376(3):<\/b> the Speaker decides whether the point raised is a point of order, <i>\"and if so, the DECISION OF THE SPEAKER thereon shall be FINAL.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 376(4):<\/b> <b>NO DEBATE<\/b> shall be allowed on a point of order, <i>\"but the Speaker, IF THINKS FIT, MAY HEAR MEMBERS BEFORE GIVING THE DECISION.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 376(5):<\/b> <i>\"A POINT OF ORDER IS NOT POINT OF PRIVILEGE.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 671, part: 8, partId: 104,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Points of Order\", rule: \"Rule 376(5)\",\r\n    question: \"Under the rules relating to points of order, it is expressly provided that a point of order\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"is a point of privilege\",\r\n      \"shall stand referred to the Committee of Privileges if it involves a breach of privilege\",\r\n      \"may be raised as a question of privilege with the consent of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"is not a point of privilege\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) is not a point of privilege.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 376(5):<\/b> <i>\"A POINT OF ORDER IS NOT POINT OF PRIVILEGE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>A single short sub-rule, and one of the most quotable in the book.<\/b> It exists because the two are constantly confused in practice, and the consequences of the distinction are substantial.<br><br>\r\n<b>A POINT OF ORDER \u2014 Rule 376:<\/b> concerns the <b>INTERPRETATION OR ENFORCEMENT<\/b> of the rules or of Constitutional Articles regulating the business of the House; raised in relation to the business before the House at the moment; <b>NO DEBATE<\/b> allowed, though the Speaker may hear members; and his decision is <b>FINAL<\/b>. It is disposed of on the spot.<br><br>\r\n<b>A QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE \u2014 Chapter XX, Rules 222 to 228:<\/b> requires the Speaker's <b>CONSENT<\/b> (222); <b>NOTICE by 10.00 hours<\/b>, with the document if the question is based on one (223); must satisfy the three conditions in Rule 224; is raised by a <b>SHORT STATEMENT<\/b> while asking for leave (225(1)); needs <b>TWENTY-FIVE<\/b> members to rise if objection is taken (225(2)); and may be referred to the <b>COMMITTEE OF PRIVILEGES<\/b> by the House (226) or by the Speaker (227).<br><br>\r\n<b>The distinction also matters for the proviso to Rule 354<\/b>, which permits a speech in the Council to be quoted where necessary to develop <b>A POINT OF PRIVILEGE OR PROCEDURE<\/b> \u2014 but says nothing of a point of order.<br><br>\r\nAnd note <b>Rule 376(6)(e)<\/b>: a point of order may not be raised that the <b>DIVISION BELLS DID NOT RING<\/b> or were not heard.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 672, part: 8, partId: 105,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Points of Order\", rule: \"Rule 376(6)\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is a matter on which a member may NOT raise a point of order?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"That a provision of the rules has not been enforced\",\r\n      \"That a question raised is within the cognizance of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"That an Article of the Constitution regulating the business of the House has been misinterpreted\",\r\n      \"That the Division Bells did not ring or were not heard\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) that the Division Bells did not ring or were not heard.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 376(6):<\/b> <i>\"A MEMBER SHALL NOT RAISE A POINT OF ORDER\u2014 (a) TO ASK FOR INFORMATION; or (b) TO EXPLAIN ONE'S OWN POSITION; or (c) WHEN A QUESTION ON ANY MOTION IS BEING PUT TO THE HOUSE; or (d) WHICH MAY BE HYPOTHETICAL; or (e) THAT DIVISION BELLS DID NOT RING OR WERE NOT HEARD.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>FIVE prohibitions, and clause (e) is the most specific provision of its kind in the whole book<\/b> \u2014 a rule aimed at one recurring complaint.<br><br>\r\n<b>Clause (c) connects with Rule 366:<\/b> <i>\"A member shall not speak on a question AFTER THE SPEAKER HAS COLLECTED THE VOICES both of the 'Ayes' and of the 'Noes'.\"<\/i> Once the House is voting, nothing interrupts it \u2014 not even a point of order.<br><br>\r\n<b>Clause (d) \u2014 \"which may be HYPOTHETICAL\" \u2014 has counterparts throughout:<\/b> <b>Rule 41(2)(v)<\/b> and <b>Rule 186(xii)<\/b> both bar asking for <i>\"the solution of an abstract legal question or of a hypothetical proposition\"<\/i>, and <b>Rule 50(2)(iv)<\/b> makes a supplementary out of order if it seeks confirmation or denial of an opinion.<br><br>\r\n<b>Clauses (a) and (b) preserve the character of a point of order as a procedural objection<\/b>, not a device for eliciting information or making a personal statement. For the latter a member has <b>Rule 357<\/b> \u2014 a personal explanation with the Speaker's permission, on which no debate shall arise \u2014 and <b>Rule 377<\/b> for a matter which is not a point of order at all.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 673, part: 8, partId: 106,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Points of Order\", rule: \"Rule 376(4)\",\r\n    question: \"On a point of order,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a debate not exceeding fifteen minutes may take place\",\r\n      \"no debate shall be allowed, but the Speaker, if he thinks fit, may hear members before giving the decision\",\r\n      \"the member raising it and one member opposing it may make brief statements\",\r\n      \"the Speaker shall hear at least one member from each recognised party\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 376(4):<\/b> <i>\"NO DEBATE SHALL BE ALLOWED ON A POINT OF ORDER, BUT THE SPEAKER, IF THINKS FIT, MAY HEAR MEMBERS BEFORE GIVING THE DECISION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The distinction between DEBATE and HEARING MEMBERS is the point.<\/b> There is no debate \u2014 members do not argue the matter among themselves. But the Chair may take assistance before ruling, and that is a matter for his discretion alone.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 376(3)<\/b> gives the ruling its force: the Speaker decides whether the point raised is a point of order, <i>\"and if so, the DECISION OF THE SPEAKER THEREON SHALL BE FINAL.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the \"brief statements\" formula in option (c), which belongs elsewhere:<\/b> <b>Rule 72(1)<\/b> \u2014 an opposed motion for leave to introduce a Bill, where the Speaker may permit brief statements from the member opposing and the member moving before putting the question; and <b>Rule 111<\/b> \u2014 an opposed motion for leave to withdraw a Bill, in the same terms.<br><br>\r\n<b>The \"no debate, but the Chair may hear\" technique appears once more \u2014 the second proviso to Rule 60(1):<\/b> where the Speaker is not in possession of full facts on an adjournment motion, he may read the notice and <i>\"hear from the Minister, or members concerned, A BRIEF STATEMENT ON FACTS\"<\/i> before deciding admissibility.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 376(5)<\/b> then adds the reminder that matters most in practice: <i>\"A point of order is not point of privilege.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 674, part: 8, partId: 107,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Raising a matter which is not a point of order\", rule: \"Rule 377\",\r\n    question: \"A member who wishes to bring to the notice of the House a matter which is not a point of order shall give notice in writing to the Secretary-General specifying clearly and precisely the text of the matter to be raised, and shall be permitted to raise it\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"at the commencement of the next sitting\",\r\n      \"only after the Speaker has given his consent, and at such time and date as the Speaker may fix\",\r\n      \"immediately after the disposal of questions on that day\",\r\n      \"at any time during the sitting, with the leave of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 377:<\/b> <i>\"A MEMBER WHO WISHES TO BRING TO THE NOTICE OF THE HOUSE A MATTER WHICH IS NOT A POINT OF ORDER, SHALL GIVE NOTICE IN WRITING TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL SPECIFYING CLEARLY AND PRECISELY THE TEXT OF THE MATTER TO BE RAISED. THE MEMBER SHALL BE PERMITTED TO RAISE IT ONLY AFTER THE SPEAKER HAS GIVEN THE CONSENT AND AT SUCH TIME AND DATE AS THE SPEAKER MAY FIX.\"<\/i> (Substituted by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>THREE requirements:<\/b> written notice to the <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b>, specifying <b>CLEARLY AND PRECISELY THE TEXT<\/b> of the matter; the <b>SPEAKER's CONSENT<\/b>; and the time and date <b>FIXED BY THE SPEAKER<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that it is the TEXT of the matter that must be specified<\/b> \u2014 not merely the subject. That connects with <b>Rule 377C(2)<\/b>: <i>\"ONLY THE TEXT APPROVED BY THE SPEAKER SHALL GO ON RECORD.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 377A<\/b> then lays down <b>SIX<\/b> conditions of admissibility: not a matter which is not primarily the concern of the Government of India (i); not one discussed in the same session or substantially identical to one already raised by a member under this rule during the session (ii); <b>NOT EXCEEDING 250 WORDS<\/b> (iii); not raising <b>MORE THAN ONE ISSUE<\/b> (iv); no arguments, inferences, ironical expressions, imputations, <b>EPITHETS<\/b> or defamatory statements (v); and no reference to the proceedings of a <b>PARLIAMENTARY OR CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE<\/b> (vi).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 377C(1):<\/b> <i>\"NO MEMBER SHALL RAISE MORE THAN ONE MATTER DURING A WEEK.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 675, part: 8, partId: 108,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Raising a matter which is not a point of order\", rule: \"Rule 377A(iii)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 377A(iii) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, in order that a notice of a matter which is not a point of order may be admissible, it shall not refer to a matter which is not primarily the concern of the Government of India, shall not relate to a matter which has been discussed in the same session, shall not raise more than one issue, and shall not exceed :\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"one hundred words\",\r\n      \"one hundred and fifty words\",\r\n      \"two hundred words\",\r\n      \"two hundred and fifty words\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) two hundred and fifty words.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 377A(iii):<\/b> the notice <i>\"SHALL NOT EXCEED 250 WORDS.\"<\/i> (Rule 377A was <b>ADDED<\/b> by L.S. Bn. (II) dated 9.5.1989.)<br><br>\r\n<b>The word-limits in the Rules are few, and they should be learnt as a pair:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 41(2)(vii)<\/b> \u2014 a <b>QUESTION<\/b> shall not <b>ORDINARILY<\/b> exceed <b>150 WORDS<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 377A(iii)<\/b> \u2014 a notice under Rule 377 shall not exceed <b>250 WORDS<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the difference in strictness as well as in number:<\/b> the question limit is softened by <b>\"ORDINARILY\"<\/b>; the Rule 377A limit is absolute.<br><br>\r\n<b>The six conditions in Rule 377A in full:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>(i)<\/b> not a matter which is not primarily the concern of the <b>GOVERNMENT OF INDIA<\/b>;<br>\r\n<b>(ii)<\/b> not one <b>DISCUSSED IN THE SAME SESSION<\/b>, or <b>SUBSTANTIALLY IDENTICAL<\/b> to a matter already raised by a member under this rule during the session;<br>\r\n<b>(iii)<\/b> not exceeding <b>250 WORDS<\/b>;<br>\r\n<b>(iv)<\/b> not raising <b>MORE THAN ONE ISSUE<\/b>;<br>\r\n<b>(v)<\/b> no <b>ARGUMENTS, INFERENCES, IRONICAL EXPRESSIONS, IMPUTATIONS, EPITHETS OR DEFAMATORY STATEMENTS<\/b>;<br>\r\n<b>(vi)<\/b> no reference to the <b>PROCEEDINGS OF A PARLIAMENTARY OR CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Clause (v) is one of only TWO places in the book that include the word EPITHETS<\/b> \u2014 the other being <b>Rule 210(ii)<\/b> for cut motions.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 676, part: 8, partId: 109,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Raising a matter which is not a point of order\", rule: \"Rule 377B(2)\",\r\n    question: \"In accordance with Rule 377B(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, notices of matters which are not points of order, received after 10.00 hours and up to 10.30 hours on the last day of the week on which the House sits, shall be deemed to have been received at the same point of time, and these shall be\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"arranged in accordance with the date and time of their receipt\",\r\n      \"ballotted to determine the inter-se priority of members\",\r\n      \"treated as received on the first sitting of the following week\",\r\n      \"referred to the Speaker for the determination of priority\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) ballotted to determine the inter-se priority of members.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 377B(2):<\/b> <i>\"Notices received after 10.00 hours on the last day of the week on which the House sits SHALL BE VALID FOR THE NEXT WEEK. NOTICES RECEIVED AFTER 10.00 HOURS AND UPTO 10.30 HOURS ON THAT DAY SHALL BE DEEMED TO HAVE BEEN RECEIVED AT THE SAME POINT OF TIME AND THESE SHALL BE BALLOTTED TO DETERMINE THE INTER-SE PRIORITY OF MEMBERS. NOTICES RECEIVED SUBSEQUENTLY SHALL BE ARRANGED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DATE AND TIME OF THEIR RECEIPT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The half-hour window from 10.00 to 10.30 is unique in the book<\/b>, and it produces a three-tier scheme:<br>\r\n<b>UP TO 10.00 hours<\/b> on the last sitting day of the week \u2192 the notice is <b>VALID FOR THAT WEEK<\/b> (Rule 377B(1)).<br>\r\n<b>BETWEEN 10.00 AND 10.30<\/b> \u2192 valid for the <b>NEXT WEEK<\/b>, all such notices deemed simultaneous, and priority fixed by <b>BALLOT<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>AFTER 10.30<\/b> \u2192 valid for the next week, and priority by <b>DATE AND TIME OF RECEIPT<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The scheme closely parallels the Explanation to Rule 197 for Calling Attention<\/b> \u2014 the same weekly cycle, the same 10.00-hour cut-off, the same use of a ballot where notices are deemed simultaneous, and the same fallback to date and time. The difference is the extra half-hour, which Rule 197 does not have.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 377B(3):<\/b> notices not selected during the week <b>LAPSE AT THE END OF THE WEEK<\/b> \u2014 with a proviso saving one <b>REFERRED FOR FACTS UNDER ORDER OF THE SPEAKER<\/b>, exactly as in the proviso to Rule 197(5).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 677, part: 8, partId: 110,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Raising a matter which is not a point of order\", rule: \"Rules 377B(3) and 377C\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding matters which are not points of order:<br>1. Notices not selected during the week for which they have been tabled shall lapse at the end of the week, but a notice referred for facts under order of the Speaker shall not lapse till it is finally disposed of.<br>2. No member shall raise more than one matter during a week.<br>3. Only the text approved by the Speaker shall go on record.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 377B(3):<\/b> <i>\"NOTICES NOT SELECTED DURING THE WEEK FOR WHICH THEY HAVE BEEN TABLED, SHALL LAPSE AT THE END OF THE WEEK: Provided that A NOTICE REFERRED FOR FACTS UNDER ORDER OF THE SPEAKER SHALL NOT LAPSE TILL IT IS FINALLY DISPOSED OF.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 377C(1):<\/b> <i>\"NO MEMBER SHALL RAISE MORE THAN ONE MATTER DURING A WEEK.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 377C(2):<\/b> <i>\"ONLY THE TEXT APPROVED BY THE SPEAKER SHALL GO ON RECORD.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 377C(2) is the provision that gives Rule 377 its character.<\/b> Read with Rule 377, which requires the notice to specify <b>CLEARLY AND PRECISELY THE TEXT<\/b> of the matter, the effect is that what appears in the proceedings is the <b>APPROVED TEXT<\/b> \u2014 not whatever the member happens to say. It is the only place in the book where the record is confined in advance in that way.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rules 377B and 377C together make this the most tightly regulated of all the devices for raising a matter:<\/b> a <b>WEEKLY<\/b> notice cycle with a half-hour ballot window (377B(1)-(2)); <b>WEEKLY LAPSE<\/b> subject to the facts proviso (377B(3)); <b>ONE MATTER PER MEMBER PER WEEK<\/b> (377C(1)); and only the approved text on record (377C(2)).<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare Calling Attention, the closest analogue:<\/b> its weekly cycle and lapse provisions are in Explanation (iii) and Rule 197(5), and its per-member ceiling \u2014 <b>TWO notices per sitting<\/b> \u2014 is in the proviso to Rule 197(1). But nothing in Rule 197 confines the record to an approved text.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 678, part: 8, partId: 111,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Maintenance of Order\", rule: \"Rule 378\",\r\n    question: \"Under the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the Speaker shall preserve order and shall have\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"such powers as the House may from time to time confer upon him\",\r\n      \"all powers necessary for the purpose of enforcing his own decisions\",\r\n      \"the powers expressly conferred by the rules and no others\",\r\n      \"all powers necessary for the purpose, subject to the concurrence of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) all powers necessary for the purpose of enforcing his own decisions.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 378:<\/b> <i>\"THE SPEAKER SHALL PRESERVE ORDER AND SHALL HAVE ALL POWERS NECESSARY FOR THE PURPOSE OF ENFORCING OWN DECISIONS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The rule is short but constitutive.<\/b> It states a <b>DUTY<\/b> \u2014 to preserve order \u2014 and confers whatever <b>POWERS ARE NECESSARY<\/b> to enforce the Chair's decisions. It is not a list; it is a general grant, and it needs no concurrence from the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 378 is the source of authority behind the specific powers scattered through the chapter:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 356<\/b> \u2014 direct a member to <b>DISCONTINUE HIS SPEECH<\/b> for irrelevance or tedious repetition.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 361<\/b> \u2014 be <b>HEARD IN SILENCE<\/b>, with members resuming their seats.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 373<\/b> \u2014 direct <b>WITHDRAWAL<\/b> for grossly disorderly conduct.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 374<\/b> \u2014 <b>NAME<\/b> a member for suspension by the House.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 374A<\/b> \u2014 <b>AUTOMATIC SUSPENSION<\/b> for the well of the House or slogans.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 375<\/b> \u2014 <b>ADJOURN THE HOUSE OR SUSPEND THE SITTING<\/b> for grave disorder.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 387<\/b> \u2014 order the <b>WITHDRAWAL OF STRANGERS<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>And read Rule 378 with Rule 389<\/b>, the residuary power: <i>\"ALL MATTERS NOT SPECIFICALLY PROVIDED FOR IN THESE RULES AND ALL QUESTIONS RELATING TO THE DETAILED WORKING OF THESE RULES SHALL BE REGULATED IN SUCH MANNER AS THE SPEAKER MAY, FROM TIME TO TIME, DIRECT.\"<\/i> Between them the two rules leave no gap in the Chair's authority.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 679, part: 8, partId: 112,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Proceedings and Papers\", rule: \"Rule 379\",\r\n    question: \"A full report of the proceedings of the House at each of its sittings shall be caused to be prepared, and published as soon as practicable in such form and manner as the Speaker may from time to time direct, by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General\",\r\n      \"the Lok Sabha Secretariat under the direction of the Leader of the House\",\r\n      \"the Committee on Papers Laid on the Table\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the Secretary-General.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 379:<\/b> <i>\"THE SECRETARY-GENERAL SHALL CAUSE TO BE PREPARED A FULL REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE HOUSE AT EACH OF ITS SITTINGS AND SHALL, AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE, PUBLISH IT IN SUCH FORM AND MANNER AS THE SPEAKER MAY, FROM TIME TO TIME, DIRECT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The division of labour is the familiar one:<\/b> the <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b> prepares and publishes; the <b>SPEAKER<\/b> directs the form and manner. That pattern runs through the whole book \u2014 the Speaker decides, the Secretary-General executes.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same formula appears for a secret sitting \u2014 Rule 251(2):<\/b> once the House resolves that the proceedings be no longer treated as secret, <i>\"the SECRETARY-GENERAL shall cause to be prepared a report of the proceedings of the secret sitting, and shall, as soon as practicable, PUBLISH IT IN SUCH FORM AND MANNER AS THE SPEAKER MAY DIRECT.\"<\/i> Note that during secrecy only the <b>SPEAKER<\/b> may cause a report to be issued (Rule 249).<br><br>\r\n<b>Rules 380 and 381 qualify the \"full\" report:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 380<\/b> \u2014 where words used in debate are <b>DEFAMATORY OR INDECENT OR UNPARLIAMENTARY OR UNDIGNIFIED<\/b>, the Speaker may order them <b>EXPUNGED<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 381<\/b> \u2014 the expunged portion is <b>MARKED BY ASTERISKS<\/b>, with the footnote <i>\"Expunged as ordered by the Chair.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 383<\/b> completes the group: the Secretary-General has <b>CUSTODY<\/b> of all records, documents and papers of the House, its Committees and the Secretariat, and may not permit them to be taken from Parliament House <b>WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 680, part: 8, partId: 113,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Proceedings and Papers\", rule: \"Rule 381\",\r\n    question: \"The portion of the proceedings of the House which has been expunged by order of the Speaker shall be marked by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"a marginal note recording the order\",\r\n      \"asterisks, with an explanatory footnote inserted in the proceedings\",\r\n      \"a blank space of corresponding length\",\r\n      \"square brackets, with the words omitted shown in the margin\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) asterisks, with an explanatory footnote inserted in the proceedings.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 381:<\/b> <i>\"THE PORTION OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE HOUSE SO EXPUNGED SHALL BE MARKED BY ASTERISKS AND AN EXPLANATORY FOOTNOTE SHALL BE INSERTED IN THE PROCEEDINGS AS FOLLOWS: 'EXPUNGED AS ORDERED BY THE CHAIR'.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The exact words of the footnote are prescribed by the rule<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"Expunged as ordered by the Chair\"<\/i> \u2014 and that makes Rule 381 one of the small group of provisions laying down the very words to be used, along with <b>Rules 85(1), 88, 90 and 92<\/b> (that a clause do stand part of the Bill), <b>Rule 96(2)<\/b> and its proviso, <b>Rule 154<\/b>, <b>Rule 168<\/b> (presenting a petition), <b>Rule 240(1)<\/b> (the letter of resignation), <b>Rule 339(2)<\/b> (the pleasure of the House on a withdrawal), <b>Rule 348<\/b> (the President's recommendation) and <b>Rule 367(1)-(2)<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 380<\/b> supplies the power the marking records: <i>\"IF THE SPEAKER IS OF OPINION THAT WORDS HAVE BEEN USED IN DEBATE WHICH ARE DEFAMATORY OR INDECENT OR UNPARLIAMENTARY OR UNDIGNIFIED, THE SPEAKER MAY, WHILE EXERCISING DISCRETION ORDER THAT SUCH WORDS BE EXPUNGED FROM THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>FOUR grounds of expunction<\/b> \u2014 defamatory, indecent, unparliamentary, undignified \u2014 and note that the marking under Rule 381 means the expunction is itself visible on the record. Nothing is silently removed.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare Rule 337<\/b>, the corresponding power over a <b>NOTICE<\/b>, which the Speaker may <b>AMEND<\/b> before circulation where it is argumentative, unparliamentary, ironical, irrelevant, verbose or otherwise inappropriate.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 681, part: 8, partId: 114,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Proceedings and Papers\", rule: \"Rule 382(2)\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 382(2) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, a paper, document or report printed, published, distributed or sold under the authority of the Speaker in connection with the business of the House shall be deemed to have been so printed, published, distributed or sold under the authority of the House within the meaning of\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"clause (2) of article 105 of the Constitution\",\r\n      \"clause (3) of article 105 of the Constitution\",\r\n      \"article 118 of the Constitution\",\r\n      \"article 122 of the Constitution\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) clause (2) of article 105 of the Constitution.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 382(2):<\/b> <i>\"A paper, document or report printed, published, distributed or sold in pursuance of sub-rule (1) SHALL BE DEEMED TO HAVE BEEN PRINTED, PUBLISHED, DISTRIBUTED OR SOLD UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE HOUSE WITHIN THE MEANING OF CLAUSE (2) OF ARTICLE 105 OF THE CONSTITUTION.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The deeming carries real legal protection. Article 105(2):<\/b> <i>\"No member of Parliament shall be liable to any proceedings in any court in respect of anything said or any vote given by him in Parliament or any committee thereof, and NO PERSON SHALL BE SO LIABLE IN RESPECT OF THE PUBLICATION BY OR UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF EITHER HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT OF ANY REPORT, PAPER, VOTES OR PROCEEDINGS.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo Rule 382(2) confers <b>IMMUNITY FROM PROCEEDINGS IN ANY COURT<\/b> on whoever publishes a paper the Speaker has authorised \u2014 without it, a printer or distributor could be sued for defamation over a report he was directed to publish.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 382(1)<\/b> is the source of the authority: the Speaker may authorise the <b>PRINTING, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION OR SALE<\/b> of any paper, document or report in connection with the business of the House, or laid on the Table, or presented to the House or a Committee.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 382(3)<\/b> settles disputes about the boundary: if a question arises whether a paper is in connection with the business of the House, <i>\"the question SHALL BE REFERRED TO THE SPEAKER WHOSE DECISION SHALL BE FINAL.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nCompare <b>Article 105(3)<\/b>, which deals with the other powers, privileges and immunities of the Houses generally.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 682, part: 8, partId: 115,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Proceedings and Papers\", rule: \"Rule 383\",\r\n    question: \"Custody of all records, documents and papers belonging to the House or any of its Committees or the Lok Sabha Secretariat vests in the Secretary-General, who shall not permit any such records, documents or papers to be taken from the Parliament House\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"without the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"without the permission of the Chairperson of the Committee concerned\",\r\n      \"except for the purpose of proceedings in a court of law\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) without the permission of the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 383:<\/b> <i>\"THE SECRETARY-GENERAL SHALL HAVE CUSTODY OF ALL RECORDS, DOCUMENTS AND PAPERS BELONGING TO THE HOUSE OR ANY OF ITS COMMITTEES OR LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT AND THE SECRETARY-GENERAL SHALL NOT PERMIT ANY SUCH RECORDS, DOCUMENTS OR PAPERS TO BE TAKEN FROM THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the pattern once more:<\/b> the <b>SECRETARY-GENERAL<\/b> holds the papers, but the <b>SPEAKER<\/b> controls their movement. Custody without discretion.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 383 explains why option (d) is wrong<\/b>, and the point is a substantial one: a court cannot simply call for the House's records. That reflects <b>Article 122(1)<\/b>, under which the validity of any proceedings in Parliament <i>\"shall not be called in question on the ground of any alleged irregularity of procedure\"<\/i>, and <b>Article 105(3)<\/b> on the powers and privileges of the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the parallel custody provision for a Bill \u2014 Rule 128(2):<\/b> one copy of a Bill assented to by the President is <b>PRESERVED FOR VERIFICATION AND RECORD<\/b> and <i>\"shall NOT BE ALLOWED TO PASS OUT OF THE CUSTODY OF THE HOUSE WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i> The identical formula, for the one document that matters most.<br><br>\r\n<b>And compare Rule 275(2)<\/b> for Committee papers not yet laid on the Table: no part of the evidence, report or proceedings is open to inspection <i>\"except under the authority of the Speaker.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo papers laid on the Table are <b>PUBLIC<\/b> under Rule 369(2) \u2014 but public to read, not free to remove.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 683, part: 8, partId: 116,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Chamber and Strangers\", rule: \"Rule 384\",\r\n    question: \"Under Rule 384 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the Chamber of the House shall not be used for any purpose other than\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"the sittings of the House\",\r\n      \"the sittings of the House and of its Committees\",\r\n      \"the sittings of the House and joint sittings of the Houses\",\r\n      \"such purposes as the Speaker may from time to time permit\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the sittings of the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 384:<\/b> <i>\"THE CHAMBER OF THE HOUSE SHALL NOT BE USED FOR ANY PURPOSE OTHER THAN THE SITTINGS OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The rule is absolute \u2014 there is no proviso and no dispensing power<\/b>, which is why option (d) fails. It is one of the very few rules in Chapter XXVII that confers no discretion at all on the Speaker.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (b) is wrong because Committees do not sit in the Chamber.<\/b> Under <b>Rule 264<\/b> the Chairperson fixes the date, time and place of a Committee's sittings \u2014 and under the proviso, if he is not readily available, the Secretary-General may do so. Committee sittings are held in Committee rooms.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 385<\/b> then deals with a related matter of access: <i>\"ANY OFFICER OF THE SECRETARIAL STAFF OF THE COUNCIL SHALL BE ENTITLED TO ADMISSION TO THE HOUSE DURING ANY SITTING OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i> \u2014 note that this is an <b>ENTITLEMENT<\/b>, not a permission, and it is reciprocal courtesy between the two Houses. Compare <b>Rule 248(2)<\/b>, where at a secret sitting <b>MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL<\/b> may be present in their Gallery.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rules 386 to 387A govern strangers:<\/b> their admission to those portions of the House not reserved for the exclusive use of members is regulated <b>IN ACCORDANCE WITH ORDERS MADE BY THE SPEAKER<\/b> (386); the Speaker may order their <b>WITHDRAWAL<\/b> from any part of the House whenever he thinks fit (387); and an officer of the Secretariat <b>AUTHORISED BY THE SPEAKER<\/b> shall <b>REMOVE OR TAKE INTO CUSTODY<\/b> a stranger in breach (387A).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 684, part: 8, partId: 117,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Chamber and Strangers\", rule: \"Rule 385\",\r\n    question: \"An officer of the Secretarial staff of the Council of States, during any sitting of the House of the People,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"may be admitted with the permission of the Speaker\",\r\n      \"shall be entitled to admission to the House\",\r\n      \"may be admitted only to the Galleries\",\r\n      \"shall be admitted only when business relating to the Council is before the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) shall be entitled to admission to the House.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 385:<\/b> <i>\"ANY OFFICER OF THE SECRETARIAL STAFF OF THE COUNCIL SHALL BE ENTITLED TO ADMISSION TO THE HOUSE DURING ANY SITTING OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The words \"SHALL BE ENTITLED\" make this a RIGHT, not a concession<\/b> \u2014 no permission is needed and no condition attaches. That distinguishes Rule 385 sharply from <b>Rule 386<\/b>, under which the admission of <b>STRANGERS<\/b> <i>\"shall be REGULATED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ORDERS MADE BY THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>An officer of the Council's Secretariat is therefore not a \"stranger\" for this purpose<\/b>, and the two Houses extend each other this courtesy as a matter of course. The same recognition appears in the first proviso to <b>Rule 248(2)<\/b>: even at a <b>SECRET SITTING<\/b>, where <i>\"no stranger shall be permitted to be present in the Chamber, Lobby or Galleries\"<\/i>, <b>MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL MAY BE PRESENT IN THEIR GALLERY<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note that Rule 385 covers OFFICERS of the Council's Secretariat, and the proviso to Rule 248(2) covers MEMBERS of the Council<\/b> \u2014 two different classes, dealt with in two different rules.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast Rule 387<\/b>, which applies to strangers generally: <i>\"THE SPEAKER, WHENEVER THINKS FIT, MAY ORDER THE WITHDRAWAL OF STRANGERS FROM ANY PART OF THE HOUSE.\"<\/i> \u2014 an unqualified discretion, and one that does not reach an officer entitled to be there under Rule 385.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 685, part: 8, partId: 118,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Chamber and Strangers\", rule: \"Rule 387A\",\r\n    question: \"A stranger may be removed from the precincts of the House or taken into custody by\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"any officer of the Secretariat\",\r\n      \"an officer of the Secretariat authorised in this behalf by the Speaker\",\r\n      \"the Secretary-General only\",\r\n      \"any member of the House\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) an officer of the Secretariat authorised in this behalf by the Speaker.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 387A:<\/b> <i>\"AN OFFICER OF THE SECRETARIAT AUTHORISED IN THIS BEHALF BY THE SPEAKER SHALL REMOVE FROM THE PRECINCTS OF THE HOUSE OR TAKE INTO CUSTODY, ANY STRANGER SEEN THEREIN OR WHO MAY BE REPORTED TO SUCH OFFICER TO BE, IN ANY PORTION OF THE PRECINCTS OF THE HOUSE WHICH IS RESERVED FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF MEMBERS, AND ALSO ANY STRANGER WHO, HAVING BEEN ADMITTED INTO ANY PORTION OF THE PRECINCTS OF THE HOUSE, MISCONDUCTS OR WILFULLY INFRINGES THE REGULATIONS MADE BY THE SPEAKER UNDER RULE 386 OR DOES NOT WITHDRAW WHEN THE STRANGERS ARE DIRECTED TO WITHDRAW UNDER RULE 387 WHILE THE HOUSE IS SITTING.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The authorisation must come from the SPEAKER<\/b> \u2014 not every officer of the Secretariat has the power, which is why option (a) fails.<br><br>\r\n<b>THREE situations are covered, and each is distinct:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>1.<\/b> A stranger in a portion of the precincts <b>RESERVED FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF MEMBERS<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>2.<\/b> A stranger, lawfully admitted, who <b>MISCONDUCTS HIMSELF OR WILFULLY INFRINGES<\/b> the Speaker's regulations under Rule 386.<br>\r\n<b>3.<\/b> A stranger who <b>DOES NOT WITHDRAW<\/b> when directed to do so under Rule 387 while the House is sitting.<br><br>\r\n<b>And note the TWO remedies<\/b> \u2014 <b>REMOVAL<\/b> from the precincts, or <b>TAKING INTO CUSTODY<\/b>. The second is the stronger, and it is the same power the House exercises over a breach of privilege by a stranger.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare Rule 232<\/b>, which runs the other way: <i>\"NO ARREST SHALL BE MADE WITHIN THE PRECINCTS OF THE HOUSE WITHOUT OBTAINING THE PERMISSION OF THE SPEAKER.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 686, part: 8, partId: 119,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Business pertaining to a State under President's Rule\", rule: \"Rule 387B\",\r\n    question: \"The Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha shall apply to business pertaining to a State the powers of whose Legislature are, by virtue of a Proclamation issued under article 356 of the Constitution, exercisable by or under the authority of Parliament,\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"without any variation or modification\",\r\n      \"with such variations or modifications as the Speaker may from time to time make\",\r\n      \"with such variations as the House may by resolution determine\",\r\n      \"only in so far as the President may by order direct\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) with such variations or modifications as the Speaker may from time to time make.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 387B:<\/b> <i>\"THESE RULES SHALL, WITH SUCH VARIATIONS OR MODIFICATIONS, AS THE SPEAKER MAY FROM TIME TO TIME MAKE, APPLY TO THE BUSINESS PERTAINING TO A STATE, THE POWERS OF WHOSE LEGISLATURE ARE, BY VIRTUE OF A PROCLAMATION ISSUED BY THE PRESIDENT UNDER ARTICLE 356 OF THE CONSTITUTION EXERCISABLE BY OR UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF PARLIAMENT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The power to vary belongs to the SPEAKER alone<\/b>, and it is exercisable <b>FROM TIME TO TIME<\/b> \u2014 not once and for all.<br><br>\r\n<b>The need for the rule follows from Article 356(1)(b)<\/b>, under which a Proclamation may declare that the powers of the Legislature of the State shall be exercisable by or under the authority of Parliament. When Parliament legislates for such a State, it is doing work these Rules were not written for \u2014 a State Budget, State demands for grants, State Bills \u2014 and the machinery has to be adapted.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 387B is not the only place where such business is recognised:<\/b> <b>Rule 45(2)<\/b> provides that the overall limit of 230 questions in the list of questions for written answer <i>\"may be exceeded by \u2026 the number of questions pertaining to a State or States under PRESIDENT'S RULE, subject to a maximum limit of TWENTY-FIVE.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the other rules conferring a power of adaptation:<\/b> <b>Rule 215<\/b> (supplementary and other grants, <i>\"subject to such adaptations, whether by way of modification, addition or omission, as the Speaker may deem to be necessary or expedient\"<\/i>) and <b>Rule 218(1)<\/b> (an Appropriation Bill, <i>\"with such modifications as the Speaker may consider necessary\"<\/i>).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 687, part: 8, partId: 120,\r\n    partScope: \"Chapter XXVII (Rules 332-389)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ch 27: General Rules of Procedure \u2014 Suspension of Rules and Residuary Powers\", rule: \"Rules 388 and 389\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. Any member may, with the consent of the Speaker, move that any rule may be suspended in its application to a particular motion before the House, and if the motion is carried the rule in question shall be suspended for the time being.<br>2. All matters not specifically provided for in the rules, and all questions relating to the detailed working of the rules, shall be regulated in such manner as the Speaker may from time to time direct.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 388:<\/b> <i>\"ANY MEMBER MAY, WITH THE CONSENT OF THE SPEAKER, MOVE THAT ANY RULE MAY BE SUSPENDED IN ITS APPLICATION TO A PARTICULAR MOTION BEFORE THE HOUSE AND IF THE MOTION IS CARRIED THE RULE IN QUESTION SHALL BE SUSPENDED FOR THE TIME BEING.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 389:<\/b> <i>\"ALL MATTERS NOT SPECIFICALLY PROVIDED FOR IN THESE RULES AND ALL QUESTIONS RELATING TO THE DETAILED WORKING OF THESE RULES SHALL BE REGULATED IN SUCH MANNER AS THE SPEAKER MAY, FROM TIME TO TIME, DIRECT.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two closing rules of the book are its safety valves, and they work quite differently:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>Rule 388<\/b> \u2014 <b>THE HOUSE<\/b> suspends a rule. It needs a <b>MEMBER's MOTION<\/b>, the <b>SPEAKER's CONSENT<\/b>, and the motion to be <b>CARRIED<\/b>. And the suspension is narrow: confined to <b>A PARTICULAR MOTION BEFORE THE HOUSE<\/b>, and only <b>FOR THE TIME BEING<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 389<\/b> \u2014 <b>THE SPEAKER<\/b> fills a gap. No motion, no consent, no vote; he directs.<br><br>\r\n<b>Only ONE other provision allows the rules to be set aside \u2014 Rule 23:<\/b> where the President sends a message under <b>Article 86(2)<\/b>, the Speaker reads it, gives directions on procedure, and <i>\"SHALL BE EMPOWERED TO SUSPEND OR VARY THE RULES TO SUCH EXTENT AS MAY BE NECESSARY.\"<\/i> That is the Speaker acting alone, and it is the widest of the three.<br><br>\r\n<b>Read Rule 389 with Rule 378<\/b> \u2014 <i>\"the Speaker shall preserve order and shall have ALL POWERS NECESSARY for the purpose of enforcing own decisions\"<\/i> \u2014 and with <b>Article 118(1)<\/b>, under which each House may make rules for regulating its procedure and the conduct of its business.`\r\n  }\r\n\r\n];\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   3. SANITISE + INDEX\r\n   Both banks are checked the same way; bad rows are dropped with a\r\n   console note rather than blanking the widget.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction sanitise(list, kind){\r\n  if(!Array.isArray(list)) return [];\r\n  const ok=[], bad=[];\r\n  list.forEach((q,i)=>{\r\n    const good = q && q.id!==undefined && typeof q.question==='string'\r\n      && Array.isArray(q.options) && q.options.length>=2\r\n      && Number.isInteger(q.correct) && q.correct>=0 && q.correct<q.options.length\r\n      && typeof q.chapter==='string' && q.chapter.length;\r\n    if(good){ q.bank = kind; ok.push(q); } else bad.push({row:i, id:q&&q.id});\r\n  });\r\n  if(bad.length) console.warn('['+kind+' bank] skipped '+bad.length+' malformed question(s):', bad);\r\n  return ok;\r\n}\r\nconst PYQ = sanitise(pyqQuestions,'pyq');\r\nconst CON = sanitise(conceptQuestions,'concept');\r\nconst QS  = PYQ.concat(CON);\r\n\r\nconst L = ['A','B','C','D','E','F'];\r\nconst uid = q => q.bank+'##'+q.chapter+'##'+q.id;\r\nconst BY_UID = new Map(QS.map(q=>[uid(q), q]));\r\n\r\n\/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n   Chapters are keyed on their number, so the two banks do not have to\r\n   spell the name identically. 'Ch 2', 'CH 2: Right to Information...'\r\n   and 'Chapter-2' all resolve to the same chapter; the longest spelling\r\n   found in either bank becomes the display name.\r\n   --------------------------------------------------------------------- *\/\r\nconst ROMAN = {i:1,ii:2,iii:3,iv:4,v:5,vi:6,vii:7,viii:8,ix:9,x:10,xi:11,xii:12};\r\nfunction chKey(str){\r\n  const t = String(str).toUpperCase().replace(\/[\\u2010-\\u2015]\/g,'-').trim();\r\n  let m = t.match(\/^(?:CH|CHAP|CHAPTER)\\s*[-.:]?\\s*(\\d+)\/);\r\n  if(m) return 'CH'+(+m[1]);\r\n  m = t.match(\/^(?:APPENDICES|APPENDIX|ANNEXURES?|ANNEXES?|APNDX|APPX|APDX|APP)\\s*[-.:]?\\s*(\\d+|[IVX]+)\\b\/);\r\n  if(m){ const v=m[1]; return 'APP'+(\/^\\d+$\/.test(v) ? +v : (ROMAN[v.toLowerCase()]||v)); }\r\n  m = t.match(\/^(\\d+)\\s*[-.:)]\/);\r\n  if(m) return 'CH'+(+m[1]);\r\n  return 'T:'+t.replace(\/[^A-Z0-9]+\/g,' ').trim();\r\n}\r\nconst CH_NAME = (function(){\r\n  const best={};\r\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ const k=chKey(q.chapter);\r\n    if(!best[k] || q.chapter.length>best[k].length) best[k]=q.chapter; });\r\n  return best;\r\n})();\r\nQS.forEach(q=>{ q.chKey = chKey(q.chapter); q.chapter = CH_NAME[q.chKey]; });\r\n\r\nconst CHAPTERS = (function(){\r\n  const seen=[]; QS.forEach(q=>{ if(!seen.includes(q.chapter)) seen.push(q.chapter); }); return seen;\r\n})();\r\nconst BY_CH = (()=>{ const m=new Map();\r\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ if(!m.has(q.chapter)) m.set(q.chapter,[]); m.get(q.chapter).push(q); }); return m; })();\r\nconst inCh   = c => BY_CH.get(c) || [];\r\nconst inChB  = (c,b) => inCh(c).filter(q=>q.bank===b);\r\n\r\nfunction chOrder(c){\r\n  const k = chKey(c);\r\n  if(k.startsWith('CH'))  return [0, +k.slice(2)||0, c];\r\n  if(k.startsWith('APP')) return [1, +k.slice(3)||99, c];\r\n  return [2, 0, c];\r\n}\r\nfunction byChapterOrder(a,b){\r\n  const x=chOrder(a.chapter||a), y=chOrder(b.chapter||b);\r\n  return x[0]-y[0] || x[1]-y[1] || String(x[2]).localeCompare(String(y[2]));\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* a bank that stores chapter names in block capitals is softened for display *\/\r\nfunction titleCase(str){\r\n  const t=String(str), letters=t.replace(\/[^A-Za-z]\/g,'');\r\n  if(!letters || letters !== letters.toUpperCase()) return t;\r\n  const small=new Set(['of','the','and','for','in','to','a','an','on','by','or','with','from','as','at','under']);\r\n  return t.toLowerCase().replace(\/[A-Za-z][A-Za-z'\\u2019]*\/g,(w,i)=>\r\n    (i>0 && small.has(w)) ? w : w.charAt(0).toUpperCase()+w.slice(1))\r\n    .replace(\/\\bCh\\b\/g,'Ch').replace(\/\\bC&ag\\b\/gi,'C&AG').replace(\/\\bRti\\b\/g,'RTI');\r\n}\r\nconst chShort = c => { const k=chKey(c);\r\n  return k.startsWith('CH') ? 'Ch '+k.slice(2) : k.startsWith('APP') ? 'Appx '+k.slice(3) : titleCase(c).slice(0,22); };\r\nconst chBrief = c => { const m=String(c).match(\/^\\s*(?:CH|CHAPTER)\\s*(\\d+)\\s*:\\s*(.+)$\/i);\r\n  const cap=t=>t.length>40?t.slice(0,38).trim()+'\\u2026':t;\r\n  return m ? 'Ch '+m[1]+': '+cap(titleCase(m[2])) : cap(titleCase(String(c))); };\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   4. EXAM WEIGHT \u2014 counted, not declared\r\n   A chapter's weight is its share of the PYQ bank. Nothing is set by\r\n   hand, so adding a year of papers re-weights the whole page. If there\r\n   are no PYQs at all, the page falls back to the concept bank's shape\r\n   and stops calling it exam weight.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst W = (function(){\r\n  const pyqCount={}, conCount={};\r\n  CHAPTERS.forEach(c=>{ pyqCount[c]=inChB(c,'pyq').length; conCount[c]=inChB(c,'concept').length; });\r\n  const totalPyq = PYQ.length, totalCon = CON.length;\r\n  const weights={};\r\n  if(totalPyq>0) CHAPTERS.forEach(c=>weights[c]=pyqCount[c]\/totalPyq);\r\n  else           CHAPTERS.forEach(c=>weights[c]= totalCon?conCount[c]\/totalCon:0);\r\n  \/\/ chapters the paper has never touched\r\n  const untested = CHAPTERS.filter(c=>pyqCount[c]===0 && conCount[c]>0);\r\n  return {weights, pyqCount, conCount, totalPyq, totalCon, untested, measured: totalPyq>0};\r\n})();\r\nconst weightOf = c => W.weights[c] || 0;\r\nconst pctLabel = x => { const v=(x||0)*100; if(!(v>0)) return '0%';\r\n  return (v<10 ? Math.round(v*10)\/10 : Math.round(v)) + '%'; };\r\n\r\n\/* wording \u2014 weights are counted from real papers here, so the exam\r\n   language is accurate; it softens on its own if no PYQs are loaded *\/\r\nconst WT = W.measured;\r\nconst T = {\r\n  ofPaper   : WT ? 'of the exam'          : 'of this bank',\r\n  onScreen  : WT ? 'Exam weight on screen': 'Share on screen',\r\n  colWeight : WT ? 'Exam weight'          : 'Share of bank',\r\n  covered   : WT ? 'Paper weight touched' : 'Bank covered',\r\n  projected : WT ? 'Projected paper score': 'Projected score',\r\n  leakHead  : WT ? 'Where your marks are leaking' : 'Where you are losing the most',\r\n  leakUnit  : WT ? 'marks \/100'           : 'points \/100',\r\n  leakWord  : WT ? 'marks'                : 'points',\r\n  readyDef  : WT ? 'Readiness = \\u03a3 (exam weight \\u00d7 mastery)' : 'Readiness = \\u03a3 (share of the bank \\u00d7 mastery)',\r\n  paperOut  : WT ? 'the paper would come out near' : 'you would score around'\r\n};\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   6. PROGRESS (localStorage, one record per quizId)\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst SCHEMA = 1;\r\nconst KEY = 'pe_chapterdrill_' + CFG.quizId;\r\nfunction blank(){ return { schema:SCHEMA, stats:{}, weak:[], flags:[], log:[], queue:[], queueLabel:'', queueKind:'', lastUid:null }; }\r\nlet P = (function(){\r\n  const p = blank();\r\n  try{\r\n    const s = localStorage.getItem(KEY);\r\n    if(s){ const j=JSON.parse(s);\r\n      if(j && j.schema===SCHEMA) Object.assign(p, j);\r\n      else if(j) console.warn('[storage] older schema found; starting fresh.');\r\n    }\r\n  }catch(e){ console.warn('progress load failed', e); }\r\n  ['weak','flags','log','queue'].forEach(k=>{ if(!Array.isArray(p[k])) p[k]=[]; });\r\n  if(!p.stats) p.stats={};\r\n  return p;\r\n})();\r\nlet storageWarned=false;\r\nfunction save(){\r\n  try{\r\n    if(P.log.length>400) P.log = P.log.slice(-400);\r\n    localStorage.setItem(KEY, JSON.stringify(P));\r\n  }catch(e){\r\n    try{ P.log = P.log.slice(-80); localStorage.setItem(KEY, JSON.stringify(P)); }\r\n    catch(e2){ if(!storageWarned){ storageWarned=true; toast('Your browser is blocking saved progress \u2014 this sitting will not be remembered'); } }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\nfunction stat(u){ if(!P.stats[u]) P.stats[u]={correct:0,incorrect:0,last:null,lastOk:null}; return P.stats[u]; }\r\nconst flags = new Set(P.flags);\r\nconst weak  = new Set(P.weak);\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   7. SESSION STATE\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst S = { tab:'quiz', filter:'all', chapter:null, bank:'all', i:0, pick:null, nudge:false,\r\n            query:'', unattempted:false, ans:{}, order:[] };\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   8. FORMAT + TRAIT MODEL\r\n   SHAPE  = how the question is built (one per question)\r\n   TRAIT  = what it turns on (a question may carry several)\r\n   A shape gap is a reading habit; a trait gap is recall. Same number,\r\n   opposite remedy \u2014 so they are reported separately.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst SHAPES = [\r\n  { key:'match',  label:'Match the following (List-I \/ List-II)',\r\n    test:q => \/list\\s*-?\\s*i\\b\/i.test(q.question) },\r\n  { key:'multi',  label:'Multi-statement \/ how many are correct',\r\n    test:q => q.question.split(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/).filter(x=>\/^\\s*\\d+[.)]\/.test(x)).length>=2 },\r\n  { key:'direct', label:'Explanation', test:()=>true }  \/\/ catch-all\r\n];\r\nconst TRAITS = [\r\n  { key:'cite',      label:'Para, rule, article or article-number recall',\r\n    test:q => \/\\b(para|paragraph|rule|article|section|appendix|schedule|clause)\\s*[-\u2013]?\\s*\\d\/i.test(q.question+' '+q.options.join(' ')) },\r\n  { key:'period',    label:'Time limits and periods',\r\n    test:q => \/\\b\\d+\\s*(day|week|month|year|hour)s?\\b|\\b(one|two|three|four|five|six|seven|ten|fourteen|fifteen|twenty|twenty-five|thirty|forty-five|sixty|ninety)[\\s-](day|week|month|year)s?\\b\/i.test(q.options.join(' ')) },\r\n  { key:'money',     label:'Numbers, monetary limits and percentages',\r\n    test:q => \/\u20b9|\\bRs\\.?\\s*\\d|\\blakhs?\\b|\\bcrores?\\b|per\\s*cent|%|\\bone-(third|fourth|half|tenth)\\b\/i.test(q.options.join(' ')) },\r\n  { key:'authority', label:'Competent authority \/ level \/ who does what',\r\n    test:q => \/\\bwho\\b|\\bby whom\\b|\\bauthority\\b|\\brank of\\b|\\blevel of\\b|\\bnot below\\b|addressed to|shall be (signed|issued|approved|maintained|prepared|submitted)\/i.test(q.question+' '+q.options.join(' ')) },\r\n  { key:'negative',  label:'Negatively phrased (\u201cNOT correct\u201d, \u201cexcept\u201d)',\r\n    test:q => \/\\bnot correct\\b|\\bis incorrect\\b|\\bare not correct\\b|\\bexcept\\b|\\bdoes not\\b|\\bcannot\\b|\\bnot required\\b|\\bneed not\\b|\\bis\\\/are not\\b\/i.test(q.question) }\r\n];\r\nconst _shape = {};\r\nfunction shapeOf(q){ const u=uid(q); return _shape[u] || (_shape[u] = SHAPES.find(s=>s.test(q)) || SHAPES[SHAPES.length-1]); }\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   9. MODELS\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction smoothed(c,i){ const k=CFG.priorStrength, p0=CFG.priorAccuracy; return (c + k*p0)\/(c + i + k); }\r\nfunction expectedRate(c,i,coverage){ return smoothed(c,i)*coverage + CFG.priorAccuracy*(1-coverage); }\r\nfunction recall(st){\r\n  if(!st || !st.last || st.correct<2) return null;\r\n  const R=CFG.retention, reps=Math.max(1, st.correct - st.incorrect);\r\n  const stability = R.baseDays * Math.pow(R.growth, reps-1);\r\n  return Math.exp(-((Date.now()-st.last)\/86400000)\/stability);\r\n}\r\nfunction retentionIndex(){\r\n  let s=0,n=0; QS.forEach(q=>{ const r=recall(P.stats[uid(q)]); if(r!==null){s+=r;n++;} });\r\n  return n ? Math.round(s\/n*100) : null;\r\n}\r\nfunction bankStats(c, bank){\r\n  const qs = inChB(c, bank);\r\n  let att=0, ok=0, bad=0, mastSum=0;\r\n  qs.forEach(q=>{ const st=P.stats[uid(q)];\r\n    if(st && (st.correct+st.incorrect)>0){ att++; ok+=st.correct; bad+=st.incorrect; }\r\n    mastSum += st ? Math.min(st.correct\/CFG.masteryThreshold,1) : 0; });\r\n  return { count:qs.length, att, ok, bad,\r\n           acc:(ok+bad)?ok\/(ok+bad):null,\r\n           coverage: qs.length?att\/qs.length:0,\r\n           mastery: qs.length?mastSum\/qs.length:0 };\r\n}\r\nfunction chapterRows(){\r\n  return CHAPTERS.map(c=>{\r\n    const pyq = bankStats(c,'pyq'), con = bankStats(c,'concept');\r\n    const count = pyq.count+con.count, att = pyq.att+con.att;\r\n    const ok = pyq.ok+con.ok, bad = pyq.bad+con.bad;\r\n    const acc = (ok+bad) ? ok\/(ok+bad) : null;\r\n    const weight = weightOf(c);\r\n    const coverage = count?att\/count:0;\r\n    const mastery  = count ? (pyq.mastery*pyq.count + con.mastery*con.count)\/count : 0;\r\n    const expected = expectedRate(ok,bad,coverage);\r\n    const leak = weight*(1-expected);\r\n    const difficulty = acc===null ? 1 : (1.4 - 0.6*acc);\r\n    return { chapter:c, count, weight, pyq, con, att, ok, bad,\r\n             coverage, acc, mastery, expected, leak,\r\n             priority: weight*(1-mastery)*difficulty };\r\n  }).sort((a,b)=>b.weight-a.weight);\r\n}\r\nfunction readiness(){\r\n  const rows=chapterRows();\r\n  return {\r\n    score     : Math.round(rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.weight*r.mastery,0)*100),\r\n    projected : Math.round(rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.weight*r.expected,0)*100),\r\n    covered   : Math.round(rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.weight*r.coverage,0)*100),\r\n    touched   : Object.values(P.stats).some(s=>(s.correct+s.incorrect)>0),\r\n    rows\r\n  };\r\n}\r\nfunction masteredCount(){ return QS.filter(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)]; return s && s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold; }).length; }\r\nfunction formatRows(){\r\n  const acc={};\r\n  const ensure=(k,l,kind)=> acc[k] || (acc[k]={key:k,label:l,kind:kind,ok:0,bad:0,total:0,seen:0});\r\n  SHAPES.forEach(s=>ensure(s.key,s.label,'shape'));\r\n  TRAITS.forEach(t=>ensure(t.key,t.label,'trait'));\r\n  QS.forEach(q=>{\r\n    const s=P.stats[uid(q)], buckets=[acc[shapeOf(q).key]];\r\n    TRAITS.forEach(t=>{ if(t.test(q)) buckets.push(acc[t.key]); });\r\n    buckets.forEach(r=>{ r.total++; if(s && (s.correct+s.incorrect)>0){ r.seen++; r.ok+=s.correct; r.bad+=s.incorrect; } });\r\n  });\r\n  return Object.values(acc).map(r=>{ const n=r.ok+r.bad; r.attempts=n; r.acc = n? r.ok\/n : null; return r; })\r\n    .filter(r=>r.total>0);\r\n}\r\nfunction dueForRevision(){\r\n  const risk=CFG.retention.riskBelow;\r\n  return QS.map(q=>{\r\n    const st=P.stats[uid(q)], r=recall(st);\r\n    if(r===null || r>=risk) return null;\r\n    return { q, recall:r, days:Math.floor((Date.now()-st.last)\/86400000), urgency: weightOf(q.chapter)*(1-r) };\r\n  }).filter(Boolean).sort((a,b)=>b.urgency-a.urgency);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   10. SESSION PLANNER\r\n   Focused set \u2014 chapter time in proportion to the marks leaking out.\r\n   Mock paper  \u2014 ignores your history, mirrors the shape of the bank.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction gain(q){\r\n  const u=uid(q), st=P.stats[u], c=st?st.correct:0, i=st?st.incorrect:0;\r\n  const deficit = 1 - Math.min(c\/CFG.masteryThreshold, 1);\r\n  let urgency = 1 + 0.15*deficit;\r\n  if(weak.has(u)) urgency += 0.60;\r\n  const r = recall(st);\r\n  if(r!==null && r<CFG.retention.riskBelow) urgency += (1-r);\r\n  if(c+i===0) urgency += 0.15;\r\n  return weightOf(q.chapter)*(deficit+0.12)*urgency;\r\n}\r\nfunction allocate(rows,n,shareOf){\r\n  const total = rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+Math.max(0,shareOf(r)),0);\r\n  if(!(total>0)) return rows.map(r=>({r,slots:0}));\r\n  const out = rows.map(r=>{ const exact=n*Math.max(0,shareOf(r))\/total;\r\n    return {r, exact, slots:Math.min(Math.floor(exact), r.count)}; });\r\n  let left = n - out.reduce((a,x)=>a+x.slots,0);\r\n  out.slice().sort((a,b)=>(b.exact-b.slots)-(a.exact-a.slots))\r\n     .forEach(x=>{ if(left>0 && x.slots<x.r.count){ x.slots++; left--; } });\r\n  if(left>0) out.slice().sort((a,b)=>shareOf(b.r)-shareOf(a.r))\r\n     .forEach(x=>{ while(left>0 && x.slots<x.r.count){ x.slots++; left--; } });\r\n  return out;\r\n}\r\n\/* Fisher\u2013Yates, so the order of a sitting is never the order of the bank *\/\r\nfunction shuffle(a){\r\n  for(let i=a.length-1;i>0;i--){ const j=Math.floor(Math.random()*(i+1)); [a[i],a[j]]=[a[j],a[i]]; }\r\n  return a;\r\n}\r\n\/* Weighted sampling without replacement: a high score makes a question\r\n   likely, never certain. Two sittings built back to back therefore share\r\n   only part of their content instead of being identical. *\/\r\nfunction sampleWeighted(pool, n, scoreFn){\r\n  const items = pool.map(q=>({q, w:Math.max(scoreFn(q), 1e-9)}));\r\n  const out=[];\r\n  n = Math.min(n, items.length);\r\n  for(let k=0;k<n;k++){\r\n    let total=0; items.forEach(x=>total+=x.w);\r\n    let r=Math.random()*total, hit=items.length-1;\r\n    for(let i=0;i<items.length;i++){ r-=items[i].w; if(r<=0){ hit=i; break; } }\r\n    out.push(items[hit].q);\r\n    items.splice(hit,1);\r\n  }\r\n  return out;\r\n}\r\nfunction buildSession(kind){\r\n  const only = kind==='pyq' ? 'pyq' : null;\r\n  const rows = chapterRows().filter(r=> only ? r[only].count>0 : r.count>0);\r\n  if(!rows.length) return 0;\r\n  const cap = kind==='mock' ? CFG.mockSize : kind==='pyq' ? CFG.pyqSize : CFG.sessionSize;\r\n  const n = Math.min(cap, only==='pyq' ? PYQ.length : QS.length);\r\n  const share = kind==='focus' ? (r=>r.leak) : (r=>r.weight);\r\n  const alloc = allocate(rows.map(r=>only?Object.assign({},r,{count:r[only].count}):r), n, share);\r\n\r\n  \/\/ whatever you were given last time is pushed down, not banned\r\n  const last = new Set(P.queue||[]);\r\n  const fresh = u => last.has(u) ? 0.3 : 1;\r\n\r\n  const picked=[];\r\n  alloc.forEach(({r,slots})=>{\r\n    if(!slots) return;\r\n    const pool = only ? inChB(r.chapter,only).slice() : inCh(r.chapter).slice();\r\n    if(kind==='mock' || kind==='pyq'){\r\n      \/\/ the mock ignores how well you know a question and simply spreads\r\n      \/\/ itself over the bank, favouring what you have seen least\r\n      picked.push(...sampleWeighted(pool, slots, q=>{\r\n        const st=P.stats[uid(q)], seen=st?(st.correct+st.incorrect):0;\r\n        const stale=(st&&st.last) ? Math.min((Date.now()-st.last)\/(86400000*30),1) : 1;\r\n        return (1\/(1+seen*1.6) + 0.35*stale) * fresh(uid(q));\r\n      }));\r\n    } else {\r\n      picked.push(...sampleWeighted(pool, slots, q=>gain(q)*fresh(uid(q))));\r\n    }\r\n  });\r\n  shuffle(picked);\r\n  P.queue = picked.map(uid);\r\n  P.queueLabel = kind==='mock' ? 'Mock paper' : kind==='pyq' ? 'PYQ paper' : 'Focused set';\r\n  P.queueKind = kind;\r\n  save();\r\n  return picked.length;\r\n}\r\nfunction startSession(kind){\r\n  const had = (P.queue||[]).length;\r\n  const n = buildSession(kind);\r\n  if(!n){ toast('Nothing to build a session from yet'); return; }\r\n  setTab('quiz'); setFilter('session');\r\n  S.ans = {};                                   \/\/ a new sitting starts clean\r\n  toast(P.queueLabel+' ready \u2014 '+n+' fresh questions'+(had?' (previous set replaced)':''), true);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   11. POOL \/ FILTERS\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction pool(){\r\n  let p = QS.slice();\r\n  if(S.filter==='pyq')     p = p.filter(q=>q.bank==='pyq');\r\n  if(S.filter==='concept') p = p.filter(q=>q.bank==='concept');\r\n  if(S.filter==='chapter' && S.chapter){\r\n    p = inCh(S.chapter).slice();\r\n    if(S.bank!=='all') p = p.filter(q=>q.bank===S.bank);\r\n  }\r\n  if(S.filter==='weak')    p = p.filter(q=>weak.has(uid(q)));\r\n  if(S.filter==='flagged') p = p.filter(q=>flags.has(uid(q)));\r\n  if(S.filter==='session') p = (P.queue||[]).map(u=>BY_UID.get(u)).filter(Boolean);\r\n  if(S.query){ const t=S.query.toLowerCase();\r\n    p = p.filter(q=>(q.question+' '+q.options.join(' ')+' '+q.explanation).toLowerCase().includes(t)); }\r\n  if(S.unattempted) p = p.filter(q=>S.ans[uid(q)]==null);\r\n  return p;\r\n}\r\nfunction refreshWeak(){\r\n  weak.clear();\r\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)];\r\n    if(s && s.incorrect>=CFG.weakThreshold && s.correct<CFG.masteryThreshold) weak.add(uid(q)); });\r\n  P.weak=[...weak];\r\n}\r\nrefreshWeak();\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   12. STEM RENDERING (statements + List-I \/ List-II)\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst cleanStem = t => String(t).replace(\/^\\s*(?:Q|Question)\\s*\\.?\\s*\\d+\\s*[.):\\-]\\s*\/i,'').trim();\r\nconst QN = '<span class=\"qno\">Q.<\/span>';   \/\/ the marker printed before every stem\r\nfunction buildStem(raw){\r\n  const lines = raw.split(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/).map(s=>s.trim()).filter(Boolean);\r\n  const plain = s => s.replace(\/<\\\/?b>\/g,'').trim();\r\n  const isMatch = lines.some(l=>\/^List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*I\\b\/i.test(plain(l)));\r\n  const numbered = lines.filter(l=>\/^\\d+[.)]\\s\/.test(plain(l)));\r\n  if(isMatch) return matchCard(lines, plain);\r\n  if(numbered.length>=2) return stmtCard(lines, plain);\r\n  return plainCard(lines);\r\n}\r\n\/* a single-statement question gets the same sheet as the other two, so\r\n   every question on the page reads the same way *\/\r\nfunction plainCard(lines){\r\n  return '<div class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><div class=\"qsheet\">'\r\n    + lines.map((l,i)=>'<p class=\"'+(i===0?'lead':'close')+'\">'+(i===0?QN:'')+l+'<\/p>').join('')\r\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\r\n}\r\nfunction stmtCard(lines, plain){\r\n  const isN = l => \/^\\d+[.)]\\s\/.test(plain(l));\r\n  const first = lines.findIndex(isN);\r\n  let last=-1; lines.forEach((l,i)=>{ if(isN(l)) last=i; });\r\n  const head = lines.slice(0,first), tail = lines.slice(last+1);\r\n  const items = lines.slice(first,last+1).filter(isN).map(l=>plain(l).replace(\/^\\d+[.)]\\s*\/,''));\r\n  return '<div class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><div class=\"qsheet\">'\r\n    + head.map((l,i)=>'<p class=\"'+(i===0?'lead':'intro')+'\">'+(i===0?QN:'')+l+'<\/p>').join('')\r\n    + '<ol class=\"stmts\">'+items.map(t=>'<li><span>'+t+'<\/span><\/li>').join('')+'<\/ol>'\r\n    + tail.map(l=>'<p class=\"close\">'+l+'<\/p>').join('')\r\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\r\n}\r\n\/* Match-the-following comes in every shape: one item per line, or the\r\n   whole list run together on a single line separated by semicolons or\r\n   commas, or nothing at all between items. All three are split here so\r\n   the two columns always come out as proper rows. *\/\r\nfunction splitItems(body, kind){\r\n  const lab = kind==='alpha' ? '[A-Fa-f]' : '\\\\d{1,2}';\r\n  const mk  = re => new RegExp(re.replace('LAB', lab), 'g');\r\n  let parts = body.split(mk('\\\\s*[;\\\\n]\\\\s*(?=LAB\\\\s*[.):]\\\\s)'));\r\n  if(parts.length < 2) parts = body.split(mk('\\\\s*,\\\\s*(?=LAB\\\\s*[.):]\\\\s)'));\r\n  if(parts.length < 2) parts = body.split(mk('(?<=\\\\S)\\\\s+(?=LAB\\\\s*[.)]\\\\s)'));\r\n  const re = new RegExp('^\\\\s*('+lab+')\\\\s*[.):]\\\\s*(.+?)\\\\s*[;,.]?\\\\s*$');\r\n  return parts.map(p=>{ const m=String(p).match(re);\r\n    return m ? {k:m[1].toUpperCase(), v:m[2]} : null; }).filter(Boolean);\r\n}\r\nfunction matchCard(lines, plain){\r\n  \/\/ keep line breaks, normalise only runs of spaces\r\n  const text = lines.map(plain).join('\\n').replace(\/[ \\t]+\/g,' ').trim();\r\n\r\n  \/* The opening line almost always names both lists \u2014 \"Match List-I with\r\n     List-II and select\u2026\" \u2014 so the first occurrence of each is the wrong\r\n     one. Take the last List-I that actually has items after it, and the\r\n     first List-II following that. *\/\r\n  const at = re => [...text.matchAll(re)].map(m=>m.index);\r\n  const posI  = at(\/List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*I\\b\/gi);\r\n  const posII = at(\/List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*II\\b\/gi);\r\n  const hasItems = (str,kind) =>\r\n    (kind==='alpha' ? \/[A-F]\\s*[.):]\\s\/ : \/\\d{1,2}\\s*[.):]\\s\/).test(str);\r\n  let iI=-1, iII=-1;\r\n  for(let k=posI.length-1;k>=0 && iI<0;k--){\r\n    const ii = posII.find(x=>x>posI[k]);\r\n    if(ii===undefined) continue;\r\n    if(hasItems(text.slice(posI[k],ii),'alpha') && hasItems(text.slice(ii),'num')){ iI=posI[k]; iII=ii; }\r\n  }\r\n  if(iI<0 || iII<0) return plainCard(lines);\r\n\r\n  const head  = text.slice(0, iI).trim();\r\n  let segI    = text.slice(iI, iII).trim();\r\n  let segII   = text.slice(iII).trim();\r\n\r\n  \/\/ anything after the lists \u2014 \"Code :\", \"Select the correct answer\u2026\"\r\n  let tail = '';\r\n  const t = segII.match(\/(?:\\n|\\s)(Code\\s*[:.]?\\s*$|(?:Select|Choose)\\b[\\s\\S]*$)\/i);\r\n  if(t){ tail = t[1].trim(); segII = segII.slice(0, t.index).trim(); }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ column captions: \"List-I (Purpose of Leave) :\"\r\n  const capRe = \/^List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*I{1,2}\\b\\s*(\\([^)]*\\))?\\s*[:.]?\\s*\/i;\r\n  const hI  = segI.match(capRe),  hII = segII.match(capRe);\r\n  const capI  = hI  ? hI[0].replace(\/[\\s:.]+$\/,'')  : 'List-I';\r\n  const capII = hII ? hII[0].replace(\/[\\s:.]+$\/,'') : 'List-II';\r\n  const rowsI  = splitItems(hI  ? segI.slice(hI[0].length)  : segI,  'alpha');\r\n  const rowsII = splitItems(hII ? segII.slice(hII[0].length): segII, 'num');\r\n  if(!rowsI.length || !rowsII.length) return plainCard(lines);\r\n\r\n  const cell = x => '<li><b>'+x.k+'.<\/b><span>'+x.v+'<\/span><\/li>';\r\n  const headLines = head ? head.split('\\n').filter(Boolean) : [];\r\n  return '<div class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><div class=\"qsheet\">'\r\n    + (headLines.length\r\n        ? headLines.map((l,i)=>'<p class=\"'+(i===0?'lead':'intro')+'\">'+(i===0?QN:'')+l+'<\/p>').join('')\r\n        : '<p class=\"lead\">'+QN+'Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:<\/p>')\r\n    + '<div class=\"lists\">'\r\n      + '<div class=\"lcol\"><h5>'+capI+'<\/h5><ul>'+rowsI.map(cell).join('')+'<\/ul><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"lcol\"><h5>'+capII+'<\/h5><ul>'+rowsII.map(cell).join('')+'<\/ul><\/div>'\r\n    + '<\/div>'\r\n    + '<p class=\"close\">'+(tail || 'Select the correct answer using the code given below:')+'<\/p>'\r\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   13. UI HELPERS\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst $ = id => document.getElementById(id);\r\nlet toastTimer=null;\r\nfunction toast(msg, ok){\r\n  const t=$('toast'); t.innerHTML=msg; t.className='toast show'+(ok?' ok':'');\r\n  clearTimeout(toastTimer); toastTimer=setTimeout(()=>t.className='toast',3000);\r\n}\r\nconst SRC_ON = !!(CFG.sourceUrl && CFG.sourceUrl.trim());\r\nconst stripHtml = s => String(s).replace(\/<[^>]+>\/g,'').replace(\/\\s+\/g,' ').trim();\r\nconst preview = (q,n) => { const t=stripHtml(q.question); return t.length>n ? t.slice(0,n)+'\u2026' : t; };\r\nfunction stars(u){\r\n  const s=P.stats[u]; if(!s || (s.correct+s.incorrect)===0) return null;\r\n  return { filled: Math.min(s.correct, CFG.masteryThreshold), c:s.correct, i:s.incorrect };\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   14. RENDER \u2014 PRACTICE\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction renderCtx(){\r\n  const panel=$('chapPanel');\r\n  const on = S.filter==='chapter';\r\n  panel.classList.toggle('hide', !on);\r\n  if(!on) return;\r\n  document.querySelectorAll('#cdRoot .bankseg button').forEach(b=>\r\n    b.setAttribute('aria-pressed', b.dataset.bank===S.bank));\r\n  const rows = chapterRows().filter(r=>r.count>0).sort(byChapterOrder);\r\n  if(!S.chapter || !rows.some(r=>r.chapter===S.chapter)) S.chapter = rows[0] ? rows[0].chapter : null;\r\n  $('chapList').innerHTML = rows.map((r,n)=>{\r\n    const sel = r.chapter===S.chapter;\r\n    const mastered = inCh(r.chapter).filter(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)]; return s && s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold; }).length;\r\n    const title = r.chapter+(WT?' \u2014 '+pctLabel(r.weight)+' of the exam':'')\r\n                + ' \u00b7 '+r.pyq.count+' PYQs, '+r.con.count+' concept MCQs \u00b7 '\r\n                + Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'% seen'+(mastered?' \u00b7 '+mastered+' mastered':'');\r\n    return '<button class=\"chapchip\" aria-pressed=\"'+sel+'\" data-ch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.chapter)+'\" title=\"'+title+'\">'\r\n      + '<span class=\"no\">'+(n+1)+'<\/span>'\r\n      + '<span class=\"cn\">'+titleCase(r.chapter)+'<\/span>'\r\n      + (WT ? '<span class=\"cw\">'+pctLabel(r.weight)+' of exam<\/span>' : '')\r\n      + (mastered===r.count ? '<span class=\"done\">\u2713<\/span>' : '')\r\n      + '<span class=\"cc pyq\" title=\"previous year questions\">'+r.pyq.count+'<\/span>'\r\n      + '<span class=\"cc con\" title=\"concept MCQs\">'+r.con.count+'<\/span><\/button>';\r\n  }).join('');\r\n  const r = rows.find(x=>x.chapter===S.chapter);\r\n  $('ctxMeta').textContent = r\r\n    ? Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'% seen \u00b7 '+(r.acc===null?'not attempted':Math.round(r.acc*100)+'% accurate')\r\n    : '';\r\n}\r\nfunction render(){\r\n  renderCtx();\r\n  const p = pool();\r\n  const ec = $('emptyCard');\r\n  if(!p.length){\r\n    $('qCard').classList.add('hide'); ec.classList.remove('hide');\r\n    $('emptyBody').innerHTML =\r\n      S.query    ? '<b>No match for \u201c'+S.query+'\u201d<\/b>Try a rule or paragraph number, or a phrase like \u201cpart file\u201d.' :\r\n      S.filter==='weak'    ? '<b>No weak areas yet<\/b>Anything you answer wrong lands here until you have it right '+CFG.masteryThreshold+' times.' :\r\n      S.filter==='flagged' ? '<b>Nothing flagged yet<\/b>Press <b style=\"display:inline\">Flag for review<\/b> under any question and it collects here.' :\r\n      S.filter==='session' ? '<b>No session built yet<\/b>Open My Performance and build a Focused set or a Mock paper.' :\r\n      S.unattempted        ? '<b>You have attempted everything here<\/b>Turn off \u201cUnattempted only\u201d to revise what you have done.' :\r\n                             '<b>No questions in this selection<\/b>Clear the search or pick another chapter.';\r\n    renderNav(p); rail(p); return;\r\n  }\r\n  ec.classList.add('hide'); $('qCard').classList.remove('hide');\r\n  if(S.i>=p.length) S.i=0; if(S.i<0) S.i=p.length-1;\r\n\r\n  const q=p[S.i], u=uid(q), given=S.ans[u];\r\n  $('qCount').textContent = 'Question '+(S.i+1)+' of '+p.length;\r\n  $('qChap').textContent  = chBrief(q.chapter);\r\n  const src=$('qSrc');\r\n  src.className = 'badge-src '+(q.bank==='pyq'?'pyq':'con');\r\n  src.textContent = q.bank==='pyq' ? ('PYQ'+(q.year?' '+q.year:'')) : 'Concept';\r\n  const tags=[];\r\n  if(weak.has(u))  tags.push('<span class=\"qtag weak\">\u26a0\ufe0f Weak<\/span>');\r\n  if(flags.has(u)) tags.push('<span class=\"qtag flag\">\ud83d\udd16 Flagged<\/span>');\r\n  const sMast=P.stats[u];\r\n  if(sMast && sMast.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold) tags.push('<span class=\"qtag done\">\u2713 Mastered<\/span>');\r\n  $('qTags').innerHTML = tags.join('');\r\n  const st = stars(u), badge=$('qMastery');\r\n  if(!st){ badge.textContent='Not seen yet'; badge.className='badge-m'; }\r\n  else {\r\n    const done = st.c>=CFG.masteryThreshold;\r\n    badge.textContent = '\u2605'.repeat(st.filled)+'\u2606'.repeat(Math.max(0,CFG.masteryThreshold-st.filled))+'  '+st.c+'\u2713 '+st.i+'\u2717';\r\n    badge.className = 'badge-m'+(weak.has(u)&&!done?' weak':'');\r\n  }\r\n  $('qStem').outerHTML = buildStem(cleanStem(q.question));\r\n\r\n  const box=$('qOpts'); box.innerHTML='';\r\n  q.options.forEach((o,k)=>{\r\n    const b=document.createElement('button');\r\n    b.className='opt';\r\n    b.innerHTML='<span class=\"key\">('+L[k].toLowerCase()+')<\/span><span class=\"txt\">'+o+'<\/span>';\r\n    if(given!=null){\r\n      b.disabled=true;\r\n      if(k===q.correct){ b.classList.add('right'); b.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend','<span class=\"mark r\">Correct<\/span>'); }\r\n      else if(k===given){ b.classList.add('wrong'); b.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend','<span class=\"mark w\">Your answer<\/span>'); }\r\n    } else if(S.pick===k) b.classList.add('sel');\r\n    b.onclick=()=>{ if(given!=null) return; S.pick=k; S.nudge=false; render(); };\r\n    box.appendChild(b);\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  const bc=$('btnCheck');\r\n  bc.disabled = given!=null;\r\n  bc.textContent = given!=null ? 'Answered \u2713' : 'Check answer';\r\n  $('pickHint').classList.toggle('hide', !(given==null && S.pick==null && S.nudge));\r\n  const on = flags.has(u);\r\n  $('btnFlag').setAttribute('aria-pressed', on);\r\n  $('flagIco').textContent = on ? '\ud83d\udd16' : '\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f';\r\n  $('flagTxt').textContent = on ? 'Flagged' : 'Flag for review';\r\n\r\n  const res=$('result');\r\n  res.classList.toggle('hide', given==null);\r\n  if(given!=null){\r\n    const ok = given===q.correct, v=$('verdict');\r\n    v.className='verdict '+(ok?'r':'w');\r\n    v.innerHTML = ok ? '\u2713 Correct \u2014 '+L[q.correct]+' is right'\r\n                     : '\u2715 Not quite \u2014 the answer is '+L[q.correct];\r\n    $('explBody').innerHTML = q.explanation;\r\n  }\r\n  renderNav(p); rail(p);\r\n}\r\nlet navOpen=true;\r\nfunction renderNav(p){\r\n  const card=$('navCard');\r\n  if(!p.length){ card.classList.add('hide'); return; }\r\n  card.classList.remove('hide');\r\n  const done=p.filter(q=>S.ans[uid(q)]!=null).length;\r\n  $('navTitle').textContent = 'Navigator \u2014 '+done+' of '+p.length+' attempted';\r\n  const g=$('navGrid');\r\n  g.classList.toggle('hide', !navOpen);\r\n  $('navToggle').textContent = navOpen ? 'Hide' : 'Show';\r\n  if(!navOpen) return;\r\n  g.innerHTML='';\r\n  p.forEach((q,k)=>{\r\n    const u=uid(q), a=S.ans[u], s=P.stats[u];\r\n    const b=document.createElement('button');\r\n    b.className='nq'+(k===S.i?' cur':(a!=null?(a===q.correct?' r':' w'):''))\r\n              + (s && s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold ? ' mastered':'');\r\n    b.innerHTML=(k+1)+(flags.has(u)?'<span class=\"fl\">\ud83d\udd16<\/span>':'');\r\n    b.title = 'Q'+(k+1)+' \u00b7 '+chBrief(q.chapter)+(a!=null?(a===q.correct?' \u00b7 correct':' \u00b7 wrong'):'');\r\n    b.setAttribute('aria-label','Go to question '+(k+1));\r\n    b.onclick=()=>{ S.i=k; S.pick=null; render(); };\r\n    g.appendChild(b);\r\n  });\r\n}\r\nfunction rail(p){\r\n  const seen=Object.keys(S.ans).length;\r\n  const right=Object.entries(S.ans).filter(([u,a])=>BY_UID.get(u) && BY_UID.get(u).correct===a).length;\r\n  $('sPct').textContent = seen ? Math.round(right\/seen*100)+'%' : '\u2014';\r\n  $('sFrac').textContent = right+' of '+seen+' correct';\r\n  $('sBar').style.width = (seen?right\/seen*100:0)+'%';\r\n  $('sSeen').textContent = seen+' attempted';\r\n  $('sLeft').textContent = Math.max(0,p.length-S.i-1)+' left here';\r\n  const st=$('streak'); st.innerHTML='';\r\n  Object.entries(S.ans).slice(-10).forEach(([u,a])=>{\r\n    const q=BY_UID.get(u); if(!q) return;\r\n    const el=document.createElement('i'); el.className = q.correct===a?'r':'w'; st.appendChild(el);\r\n  });\r\n  const chs=[...new Set(p.map(q=>q.chapter))];\r\n  const w=chs.reduce((s,c)=>s+weightOf(c),0)*100;\r\n  $('wPct').textContent = w.toFixed(1)+'%';\r\n  $('wNote').textContent = p.length+' questions on screen, from '+chs.length+' '+(chs.length===1?'chapter':'chapters')+'. '\r\n    + (w>=35 ? 'That is a big slice in one sitting \u2014 worth clearing properly.' : 'Useful for topping up once the bigger chapters are secure.');\r\n  hdr();\r\n}\r\nfunction hdr(){\r\n  $('hQ').textContent = QS.length;\r\n  $('hCh').textContent = CHAPTERS.length;\r\n  $('hMastered').textContent = (QS.length ? Math.round(masteredCount()\/QS.length*100) : 0)+'%';\r\n  const r=readiness();\r\n  $('hReady').textContent = r.touched ? r.score+'%' : '\u2014';\r\n  $('fAll').textContent  = QS.length;\r\n  $('fPyq').textContent  = PYQ.length;\r\n  $('fCon').textContent  = CON.length;\r\n  $('fWeak').textContent = weak.size;\r\n  $('fFlag').textContent = flags.size;\r\n  $('fSess').textContent = (P.queue||[]).length;\r\n  $('pillSession').classList.toggle('hide', !(P.queue||[]).length);\r\n  $('sessLabel').textContent = P.queueLabel || 'My session';\r\n  $('perfPill').classList.toggle('hide', weak.size<5);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   15. RENDER \u2014 PERFORMANCE\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction renderPerf(){\r\n  const body=$('perfBody');\r\n  const seen=Object.values(P.stats).filter(s=>(s.correct+s.incorrect)>0).length;\r\n  $('perfCount').textContent = seen+' questions attempted';\r\n\r\n  if(!QS.length){ body.innerHTML='<div class=\"empty\"><b>No questions loaded<\/b>Paste your bank into <code>chapterQuestions<\/code> and reload.<\/div>'; return; }\r\n  const R = readiness();\r\n  if(!R.touched){\r\n    body.innerHTML = '<div class=\"empty\"><b>Your coach is waiting for data<\/b>Answer a few questions in Practice. '\r\n      + 'The coach then scores your readiness against the weightage of each chapter, works out where marks are leaking, and builds the next sitting for you.<\/div>'\r\n      + plannerHTML(true);\r\n    bindPerf(); return;\r\n  }\r\n  const rows=R.rows, byPriority=[...rows].sort((a,b)=>b.priority-a.priority);\r\n  const allC=Object.values(P.stats).reduce((a,s)=>a+s.correct,0);\r\n  const allI=Object.values(P.stats).reduce((a,s)=>a+s.incorrect,0);\r\n  const accAll = (allC+allI) ? Math.round(allC\/(allC+allI)*100) : 0;\r\n  const recent = P.log.slice(-20);\r\n  const accRec = recent.length ? Math.round(recent.filter(x=>x.ok).length\/recent.length*100) : 0;\r\n  const trend = recent.length>=5 ? (accRec>accAll?' \u2197':(accRec<accAll?' \u2198':'')) : '';\r\n  const ret = retentionIndex();\r\n  const due = dueForRevision();\r\n  const band=(v,hi,mid)=> v>=hi?'var(--ok)': v>=mid?'#8A6206':'var(--bad)';\r\n\r\n  const verdict = R.score>=80 ? '<b>In good shape.<\/b> Hold it there with the revision queue and weak-area drills.'\r\n    : R.score>=60 ? '<b>Strong base.<\/b> Close the gaps in the biggest chapters below to cross 80.'\r\n    : R.score>=35 ? '<b>Building up.<\/b> Work the plan top-down \u2014 it is ordered by what will move this number fastest.'\r\n    : '<b>Early stage.<\/b> Start at the top of the plan; the biggest chapters move this number fastest.';\r\n\r\n  body.innerHTML =\r\n  '<div class=\"hero2\">'\r\n  + '<div class=\"ring-card\"><div class=\"ring\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Readiness '+R.score+' out of 100\">'\r\n    + '<svg width=\"150\" height=\"150\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle class=\"bg\" cx=\"75\" cy=\"75\" r=\"64\"><\/circle>'\r\n    + '<circle class=\"fg\" cx=\"75\" cy=\"75\" r=\"64\" stroke-dasharray=\"402\" stroke-dashoffset=\"'+(402-402*R.score\/100)+'\"><\/circle><\/svg>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"ring-txt\"><b>'+R.score+'<\/b><span>Readiness \/ 100<\/span><\/div><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"verdict2\">'+verdict+'<br><span style=\"font-size:11.6px;opacity:.85\">'+T.readyDef+' across '+CHAPTERS.length\r\n    + ' chapters. On today\\u2019s form '+T.paperOut+' <b>'+R.projected+'%<\/b>.<\/span><\/div><\/div>'\r\n  + '<div class=\"coach\"><h4>\ud83e\udded What to do next<\/h4><div id=\"recoList\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n  + '<\/div>'\r\n\r\n  + plannerHTML(false)\r\n\r\n  + '<div class=\"kpis\">'\r\n    + kpi(R.projected+'%',T.projected, band(R.projected,65,45))\r\n    + kpi(R.covered+'%',T.covered, band(R.covered,70,40))\r\n    + kpi(ret===null?'\u2014':ret+'%','Retention now', ret===null?'var(--slate)':band(ret,75,55))\r\n    + kpi(accAll+'%','Lifetime accuracy', band(accAll,70,45))\r\n    + kpi(accRec+'%'+trend,'Last 20 attempts', band(accRec,70,45))\r\n    + kpi(masteredCount(),'Mastered ('+CFG.masteryThreshold+'\u2713)','var(--ok)')\r\n    + kpi(weak.size,'Weak questions','var(--bad)')\r\n    + kpi(flags.size,'Flagged','#8A6206')\r\n  + '<\/div>'\r\n\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">02<\/span>Chapter performance vs '+(WT?'exam weight':'bank share')+'<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p>Both banks scored separately, so you can see a chapter that is fine on practice questions and weak on the real paper.<\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">priority = high weight \\u00d7 low accuracy<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"tblwrap\" style=\"border:0;border-radius:0\"><table class=\"perf-t nested\"><thead>'\r\n    + '<tr><th rowspan=\"2\" class=\"lft\">Chapter<\/th><th rowspan=\"2\">'+T.colWeight+'<\/th>'\r\n    + '<th colspan=\"2\" class=\"grp pyq\">PYQs<\/th>'\r\n    + '<th colspan=\"2\" class=\"grp con\">Concept MCQs<\/th>'\r\n    + '<th rowspan=\"2\">Status<\/th><th rowspan=\"2\">Practice<\/th><\/tr>'\r\n    + '<tr><th class=\"sub2\">Covered<\/th><th class=\"sub2\">Accuracy<\/th>'\r\n    + '<th class=\"sub2\">Covered<\/th><th class=\"sub2\">Accuracy<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>'\r\n    + byPriority.map(r=>{\r\n        const a = r.acc===null?null:Math.round(r.acc*100);\r\n        const tag = r.count===0 ? '<span class=\"tag na\">No questions<\/span>'\r\n          : r.acc===null ? '<span class=\"tag na\">Not started<\/span>'\r\n          : a<45 ? '<span class=\"tag hot\">Critical<\/span>'\r\n          : a<65 ? '<span class=\"tag warm\">Needs work<\/span>'\r\n          : a<85 ? '<span class=\"tag ok\">On track<\/span>'\r\n                 : '<span class=\"tag good\">Strong<\/span>';\r\n        const cov = b => b.count ? b.att+'\/'+b.count : '<span class=\"nil\">\\u2014<\/span>';\r\n        const accCell = b => {\r\n          if(b.acc===null) return '<span class=\"nil\">\\u2014<\/span>';\r\n          const v=Math.round(b.acc*100);\r\n          const col = v<45?'var(--bad)':v<65?'var(--gold)':'var(--ok)';\r\n          return '<div class=\"minibar\"><i style=\"width:'+Math.max(v,4)+'%;background:'+col+'\"><\/i><\/div>'\r\n               + '<span class=\"miniv\" style=\"color:'+col+'\">'+v+'%<\/span>';\r\n        };\r\n        const wcell = '<b class=\"wt\">'+pctLabel(r.weight)+'<\/b>'\r\n          + (WT ? '<span class=\"wsub\">('+r.pyq.count+' PYQ'+(r.pyq.count===1?'':'s')+')<\/span>' : '');\r\n        return '<tr><td class=\"lft\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/td>'\r\n          + '<td>'+wcell+'<\/td>'\r\n          + '<td>'+cov(r.pyq)+'<\/td><td>'+accCell(r.pyq)+'<\/td>'\r\n          + '<td>'+cov(r.con)+'<\/td><td>'+accCell(r.con)+'<\/td>'\r\n          + '<td>'+tag+'<\/td>'\r\n          + '<td class=\"prac\">'\r\n            + (r.pyq.count?'<button class=\"mini-go pyq\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.chapter)+'\" data-bank=\"pyq\">PYQ<\/button>':'')\r\n            + (r.con.count?'<button class=\"mini-go\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.chapter)+'\" data-bank=\"concept\">Drill<\/button>':'')\r\n          + '<\/td><\/tr>';\r\n      }).join('')\r\n    + '<\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">03<\/span>'+T.leakHead+'<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p id=\"leakNote\"><\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">'+rows.filter(r=>r.count>0).length+' chapters<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"leakBars\"><\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">04<\/span>How you handle each kind of question<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p id=\"fmtNote\"><\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">format beats topic when the gap is wide<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"subhead\"><h5>How the question is built<\/h5><span>one shape per question<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"shapeBars\"><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"subhead\"><h5>What the question turns on<\/h5><span>a question can sit in more than one \u2014 a time limit asked as a multi-statement code counts on both<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"traitBars\"><\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  + '<div class=\"split\">'\r\n    + '<div class=\"panel\"><h4 class=\"ph\"><span class=\"secno\">05<\/span> Revision queue \u2014 what is fading fastest<\/h4><div id=\"revQ\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"panel\"><h4 class=\"ph\"><span class=\"secno\">06<\/span> Mastery distribution<\/h4><div id=\"mastDist\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n  + '<\/div>'\r\n\r\n  + '<div class=\"danger\"><p><b>Danger zone.<\/b> This permanently erases your lifetime performance for this subject \u2014 mastery, weak areas, flags, accuracy history and the readiness score. Reset session on the Practice tab does <b>not<\/b> touch this.<\/p>'\r\n    + '<button class=\"dbtn\" id=\"btnWipe\">\ud83d\uddd1\ufe0f Reset my performance<\/button><\/div>';\r\n\r\n  renderRecos(byPriority, rows, due);\r\n  renderLeaks(rows);\r\n  renderFormats();\r\n  renderRevision(due);\r\n  renderMastery();\r\n  bindPerf();\r\n}\r\nfunction kpi(v,l,color){ return '<div class=\"kpi\"><b style=\"color:'+color+'\">'+v+'<\/b><span>'+l+'<\/span><\/div>'; }\r\nfunction plannerHTML(empty){\r\n  const rows=chapterRows().filter(r=>r.count>0).sort((a,b)=>b.leak-a.leak).slice(0,2).map(r=>chShort(r.chapter));\r\n  return '<div class=\"planner\"><div><h4><span class=\"secno\">01<\/span>Plan the next sitting<\/h4><p id=\"plannerNote\">'\r\n    + (empty\r\n        ? 'The focused set gives each chapter time in proportion to what you are losing in it. The mock paper ignores your history and mirrors the shape of the whole bank. Neither is fixed \\u2014 build again and you get a fresh set of questions.'\r\n        : 'The focused set gives each chapter time in proportion to what is leaking out of it \\u2014 right now mostly <b>'+rows.join('<\/b> and <b>')+'<\/b>. The mock paper mirrors the exam weight across both banks, and the PYQ paper drills nothing but real papers. None of them is fixed: press again for a fresh set, and last time\\u2019s questions are pushed to the back of the queue.')\r\n    + '<\/p><\/div><div class=\"pbtns\">'\r\n    + '<button class=\"pbtn primary\" id=\"btnFocus\">\ud83e\udde9 Focused set \u2014 '+Math.min(CFG.sessionSize,QS.length)+' Q<\/button>'\r\n    + '<button class=\"pbtn\" id=\"btnMock\">\ud83d\udcc4 Mock paper \u2014 '+Math.min(CFG.mockSize,QS.length)+' Q<\/button>'\r\n    + (PYQ.length ? '<button class=\"pbtn navy\" id=\"btnPyq\">\ud83d\udcdc PYQ paper \u2014 '+Math.min(CFG.pyqSize,PYQ.length)+' Q<\/button>' : '')\r\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\r\n}\r\nfunction renderRecos(byPriority, rows, due){\r\n  const out=[], named=new Set();\r\n  byPriority.slice(0,3).forEach(r=>{\r\n    if(!r.count) return;\r\n    named.add(r.chapter);\r\n    const imp = WT ? '<b>'+pctLabel(r.weight)+'<\/b> of the exam ('+r.pyq.count+' PYQ'+(r.pyq.count===1?'':'s')+')' : '';\r\n    if(r.acc===null)\r\n      out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83e\udded',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(imp?' is '+imp+' and':'')+' you have not touched it yet \u2014 start here.',ch:r.chapter});\r\n    else if(r.acc<0.6)\r\n      out.push({ic:'hot',icon:'\ud83d\udd25',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(imp?', '+imp+',':'')+' is running at only <b>'+Math.round(r.acc*100)+'%<\/b> \u2014 about <b>'+(r.leak*100).toFixed(1)+' '+T.leakWord+' per 100<\/b> are going here.',ch:r.chapter});\r\n    else if(r.coverage<0.6)\r\n      out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\ud83d\udd0d',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>: accuracy is fine at '+Math.round(r.acc*100)+'%, but you have seen only <b>'+Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'%<\/b> of a chapter'+(imp?' '+imp:'')+' \u2014 finish the set.',ch:r.chapter});\r\n    else\r\n      out.push({ic:'good',icon:'\u2705',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(imp?' ('+stripHtml(imp)+')':'')+' is in good shape at '+Math.round(r.acc*100)+'% \u2014 keep it warm through the revision queue.',ch:r.chapter});\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/\/ a format gap costs you in every chapter at once\r\n  const f = formatRows().filter(r=>r.acc!==null && r.attempts>=8).sort((a,b)=>a.acc-b.acc);\r\n  if(f.length>=2){\r\n    const worst=f[0], best=f[f.length-1];\r\n    if(best.acc-worst.acc >= 0.12){\r\n      const tail = worst.kind==='shape'\r\n        ? 'That is a reading habit, not a gap in the rules \u2014 and it costs you in every chapter at once.'\r\n        : 'That is recall, not comprehension \u2014 these have to be committed to memory, and they turn up everywhere.';\r\n      out.push({ic:'hot',icon:'\ud83e\udde9',txt:'<b>'+worst.label+'<\/b> questions are running at <b>'+Math.round(worst.acc*100)+'%<\/b> while you sit at '+Math.round(best.acc*100)+'% on '+best.label.toLowerCase()+'. '+tail});\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \/\/ big chapter you have exhausted\r\n  const done = rows.filter(r=>!named.has(r.chapter) && r.weight>=0.08 && r.coverage>=0.9 && r.count>0).sort((a,b)=>b.weight-a.weight)[0];\r\n  if(done) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83d\udcd8',txt:'You have worked nearly every question in <b>'+chBrief(done.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(WT?', '+pctLabel(done.weight)+' of the exam':'')+'. Practice has given what it can \u2014 go back to the source text for the rest.',ch:done.chapter});\r\n\r\n  \/\/ a chapter drilled hard that the paper has never actually asked from\r\n  if(WT && W.untested.length){\r\n    const worked = W.untested.map(c=>rows.find(r=>r.chapter===c)).filter(r=>r&&r.coverage>0.5)\r\n                    .sort((a,b)=>b.con.count-a.con.count)[0];\r\n    if(worked) out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\u2696\ufe0f',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(worked.chapter)+'<\/b> has <b>no previous year questions<\/b> at all, and you are already '+Math.round(worked.coverage*100)+'% through its concept MCQs. Worth knowing before you spend another evening on it.',ch:worked.chapter});\r\n  }\r\n  \/\/ heavy on the paper, thin on practice material\r\n  const thin = rows.filter(r=>r.weight>=0.10 && r.con.count>0 && r.con.count < r.pyq.count)\r\n                   .sort((a,b)=>b.weight-a.weight)[0];\r\n  if(WT && thin) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83d\udcda',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(thin.chapter)+'<\/b> is <b>'+pctLabel(thin.weight)+'<\/b> of the exam but has only '+thin.con.count+' concept MCQ'+(thin.con.count===1?'':'s')+' against '+thin.pyq.count+' PYQs. The bank is thin exactly where the paper is heavy.',ch:thin.chapter});\r\n  if(weak.size>=3) out.push({ic:'hot',icon:'\u26a0\ufe0f',txt:'You have <b>'+weak.size+' weak questions<\/b> flagged, biggest chapter first. One Weak-areas sitting clears the backlog.',weak:true});\r\n  if(due.length) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83d\udd01',txt:'<b>'+due.length+' questions<\/b> you had mastered have decayed below <b>'+Math.round(CFG.retention.riskBelow*100)+'% recall<\/b>. Re-answering one costs seconds; re-learning it later costs an evening.'});\r\n  if(flags.size) out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\ud83d\udd16',txt:'<b>'+flags.size+'<\/b> question'+(flags.size>1?'s are':' is')+' flagged for review. Clear the flags before the next mock.',flag:true});\r\n\r\n  $('recoList').innerHTML = out.map(r=>{\r\n    let btn='';\r\n    if(r.ch)        btn='<button class=\"go\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.ch)+'\">Practice \u2192<\/button>';\r\n    else if(r.weak) btn='<button class=\"go\" data-goweak=\"1\">Start \u2192<\/button>';\r\n    else if(r.flag) btn='<button class=\"go\" data-goflag=\"1\">Open \u2192<\/button>';\r\n    return '<div class=\"reco\"><span class=\"ic '+r.ic+'\">'+r.icon+'<\/span><p>'+r.txt+'<\/p>'+btn+'<\/div>';\r\n  }).join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction renderLeaks(rows){\r\n  const list = rows.filter(r=>r.count>0).sort((a,b)=>b.leak-a.leak);\r\n  if(!list.length) return;\r\n  const max = Math.max(0.0001, ...list.map(r=>r.leak));\r\n  const total = list.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.leak,0)*100;\r\n  const top3 = list.slice(0,3);\r\n  $('leakNote').innerHTML = 'On today\\u2019s form you would expect to drop about <b>'+Math.round(total)+' '+T.leakWord+' in every 100<\/b>. <b>'\r\n    + top3.map(r=>chShort(r.chapter)).join(', ')+'<\/b> alone account for <b>'+Math.round(top3.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.leak,0)*100)\r\n    + '<\/b> of them \u2014 the shortest route to a better score.';\r\n  $('leakBars').innerHTML = list.map(r=>{\r\n    const m=r.leak*100;\r\n    const col = m>=8?'linear-gradient(90deg,#F08A92,var(--bad))' : m>=4?'linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold))' : 'linear-gradient(90deg,#9DB6EE,var(--blue-700))';\r\n    return '<div class=\"lrow\"><div><span class=\"lname\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/span>'\r\n      + '<span class=\"lsub\">'+(WT?pctLabel(r.weight)+' of the exam \u00b7 ':'')+'you would clear about '+Math.round(r.expected*100)+'% today<\/span><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"ltrack\"><div class=\"lfill\" style=\"width:'+(r.leak\/max*100)+'%;background:'+col+'\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"lval\">'+m.toFixed(1)+'<small>'+T.leakUnit+'<\/small><\/div><\/div>';\r\n  }).join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction renderFormats(){\r\n  const rows=formatRows();\r\n  const bar = r => {\r\n    const p = r.acc===null?null:Math.round(r.acc*100);\r\n    const col = p===null?'#CBD5E1' : p<50?'linear-gradient(90deg,#F08A92,var(--bad))' : p<70?'linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold))' : 'linear-gradient(90deg,#6EE7B7,var(--ok))';\r\n    return '<div class=\"lrow\"><div><span class=\"lname\">'+r.label+'<\/span>'\r\n      + '<span class=\"lsub\">'+r.total+' in this bank \u00b7 '+r.seen+' attempted<\/span><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"ltrack\"><div class=\"lfill\" style=\"width:'+(p===null?0:p)+'%;background:'+col+'\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"lval\">'+(p===null?'\u2014':p+'%')+'<small>accuracy<\/small><\/div><\/div>';\r\n  };\r\n  const sorter=(a,b)=>(a.acc===null)-(b.acc===null)||(a.acc-b.acc);\r\n  $('shapeBars').innerHTML = rows.filter(r=>r.kind==='shape').sort(sorter).map(bar).join('');\r\n  $('traitBars').innerHTML = rows.filter(r=>r.kind==='trait').sort(sorter).map(bar).join('');\r\n  const rated = rows.filter(r=>r.acc!==null && r.attempts>=8).sort(sorter);\r\n  $('fmtNote').innerHTML = rated.length>=2\r\n    ? (()=>{ const w=rated[0], b=rated[rated.length-1], gap=Math.round((b.acc-w.acc)*100);\r\n        return gap>=12\r\n          ? 'Your weakest kind of question is <b>'+w.label+'<\/b> at <b>'+Math.round(w.acc*100)+'%<\/b>, against <b>'+Math.round(b.acc*100)+'%<\/b> on '+b.label.toLowerCase()+' \u2014 a <b>'+gap+'-point<\/b> gap. That is worth more than any single chapter, because these turn up in all of them.'\r\n          : 'You handle the different kinds of question evenly, within <b>'+gap+' points<\/b> of each other. Nothing to fix here \u2014 keep working the chapter list.'; })()\r\n    : 'Attempt a few more and this will show whether the format is costing you more than the topic.';\r\n}\r\nfunction renderRevision(due){\r\n  $('revQ').innerHTML = due.length\r\n    ? due.slice(0,8).map(d=>'<button class=\"rev\" data-gouid=\"'+encodeURIComponent(uid(d.q))+'\">'\r\n        + '<span class=\"n\">Q'+d.q.id+'<\/span><span class=\"t\">'+preview(d.q,58)+'<\/span>'\r\n        + '<span class=\"d\">'+Math.round(d.recall*100)+'% recall<\/span><\/button>').join('')\r\n    : '<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.6\">Nothing decaying right now. Mastered questions return here as their estimated recall drops below '+Math.round(CFG.retention.riskBelow*100)+'%.<\/p>';\r\n}\r\nfunction renderMastery(){\r\n  const b=[0,0,0,0];\r\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)];\r\n    if(!s || (s.correct+s.incorrect)===0) b[0]++;\r\n    else if(s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold) b[3]++;\r\n    else if(s.correct>=2) b[2]++;\r\n    else b[1]++; });\r\n  const labels=['Untouched','Learning (0\u20131 \u2713)','Almost there (2 \u2713)','Mastered ('+CFG.masteryThreshold+' \u2713+)'];\r\n  const cols=['#CBD5E1','var(--gold)','var(--blue-700)','var(--ok)'];\r\n  $('mastDist').innerHTML = b.map((n,i)=>\r\n    '<div class=\"lrow\" style=\"grid-template-columns:minmax(120px,1fr) 2fr 54px\"><span class=\"lname\">'+labels[i]+'<\/span>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"ltrack\"><div class=\"lfill\" style=\"width:'+(QS.length?n\/QS.length*100:0)+'%;background:'+cols[i]+'\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"lval\" style=\"font-size:15px\">'+n+'<\/div><\/div>').join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction bindPerf(){\r\n  const f=$('btnFocus'), m=$('btnMock'), y=$('btnPyq'), w=$('btnWipe');\r\n  if(f) f.onclick=()=>startSession('focus');\r\n  if(m) m.onclick=()=>startSession('mock');\r\n  if(y) y.onclick=()=>startSession('pyq');\r\n  if(w) w.onclick=wipe;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   15b. EXAM ANALYTICS  \u2014  what the paper has actually asked\r\n   Everything here is counted from the PYQ bank's year field. Nothing is\r\n   estimated, so the tab hides itself when no years are recorded.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst YEAR_ORDER = y => { const m=String(y).match(\/\\d{4}\/); return m ? +m[0] : 9999; };\r\nfunction examData(){\r\n  const years=[...new Set(PYQ.map(q=>q.year).filter(y=>y!==undefined && y!==null && y!==''))]\r\n              .sort((a,b)=>YEAR_ORDER(a)-YEAR_ORDER(b) || String(a).localeCompare(String(b)));\r\n  const rows = CHAPTERS.map(c=>{\r\n    const qs=inChB(c,'pyq'), byYear={};\r\n    years.forEach(y=>byYear[y]=0);\r\n    qs.forEach(q=>{ if(byYear[q.year]!==undefined) byYear[q.year]++; });\r\n    return { chapter:c, total:qs.length, byYear,\r\n             share: PYQ.length?qs.length\/PYQ.length:0 };\r\n  }).filter(r=>r.total>0).sort((a,b)=>b.total-a.total);\r\n  const perYear={}; years.forEach(y=>perYear[y]=PYQ.filter(q=>q.year===y).length);\r\n  return {years, rows, perYear, total:PYQ.length};\r\n}\r\nfunction renderExam(){\r\n  const d = examData(), body=$('examBody');\r\n  $('examCount').textContent = PYQ.length+' previous year questions';\r\n  if(!PYQ.length){ body.innerHTML='<div class=\"empty\"><b>No previous year questions loaded<\/b>Paste them into <code>pyqQuestions<\/code>, each with its year.<\/div>'; return; }\r\n\r\n  const hi = CFG.highYield, maxTot = Math.max(...d.rows.map(r=>r.total), 1);\r\n  const maxCell = Math.max(1, ...d.rows.map(r=>Math.max(...Object.values(r.byYear))));\r\n  const shade = n => { if(!n) return '';\r\n    const t=n\/maxCell;\r\n    return 'background:'+(t>0.8?'#D99B12':t>0.6?'#E8B44A':t>0.4?'#F2D28C':t>0.2?'#F9E9C4':'#FDF6E6')\r\n         + ';color:'+(t>0.6?'#3A2A02':'#8A6206')+';font-weight:800';\r\n  };\r\n  const maxYear = Math.max(...Object.values(d.perYear), 1);\r\n  const heavy = d.rows.filter(r=>r.total>=hi);\r\n  const heavyShare = heavy.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.share,0);\r\n  const spread = d.rows.filter(r=>Object.values(r.byYear).filter(Boolean).length >= Math.ceil(d.years.length*0.6));\r\n\r\n  body.innerHTML =\r\n  \/\/ ---------- 01 ranked ----------\r\n  '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">01<\/span>Ranked \u2014 previous year questions per chapter<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p>'+(heavy.length\r\n        ? '<b>'+heavy.length+' chapter'+(heavy.length===1?'':'s')+'<\/b> carry '+hi+' questions or more and together hold <b>'\r\n          + Math.round(heavyShare*100)+'%<\/b> of every paper on record. They are shown in gold.'\r\n        : 'No chapter has reached '+hi+' questions yet, so nothing is marked high-yield.')+'<\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">gold = high-yield ('+hi+'+ Qs)<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"bars\">'\r\n    + d.rows.map((r,i)=>{\r\n        const gold = r.total>=hi;\r\n        return '<div class=\"rankrow\"><span class=\"rk\">'+(i+1)+'<\/span>'\r\n          + '<span class=\"rname'+(gold?' gold':'')+'\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+titleCase(r.chapter)+'<\/span>'\r\n          + '<div class=\"rtrack\"><i style=\"width:'+(r.total\/maxTot*100)+'%;background:'\r\n            + (gold?'linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold-lt),#D99B12)':'linear-gradient(90deg,#93B4F7,var(--blue-700))')+'\"><\/i><\/div>'\r\n          + '<span class=\"rv\">'+r.total+'<\/span><span class=\"rp\">'+(r.share*100).toFixed(1)+'%<\/span><\/div>';\r\n      }).join('')\r\n    + '<\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------- 02 heatmap ----------\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">02<\/span>Heatmap matrix \u2014 chapter \\u00d7 exam year<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p>'+(spread.length\r\n        ? '<b>'+spread.map(r=>chShort(r.chapter)).slice(0,3).join(', ')+'<\/b> appear in most papers on record \u2014 those are the standing favourites, not one-off spikes.'\r\n        : 'Read down a column to see what a single paper favoured; read across a row to see whether a chapter is a regular or a one-off.')+'<\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">darker gold = more questions<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"tblwrap\" style=\"border:0;border-radius:0\"><table class=\"perf-t hm\"><thead><tr>'\r\n    + '<th class=\"lft\">Chapter<\/th>'+d.years.map(y=>'<th>'+y+'<\/th>').join('')+'<th class=\"tot\">Total<\/th>'\r\n    + '<\/tr><\/thead><tbody>'\r\n    + d.rows.map(r=>'<tr><td class=\"lft\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+titleCase(r.chapter)+'<\/td>'\r\n        + d.years.map(y=>{ const n=r.byYear[y];\r\n            return '<td style=\"'+shade(n)+'\">'+(n||'<span class=\"nil\">\\u00b7<\/span>')+'<\/td>'; }).join('')\r\n        + '<td class=\"tot\">'+r.total+'<\/td><\/tr>').join('')\r\n    + '<\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td class=\"lft\">Total<\/td>'\r\n    + d.years.map(y=>'<td>'+d.perYear[y]+'<\/td>').join('')+'<td>'+d.total+'<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"hmlegend\"><span>Low<\/span>'\r\n    + ['#FDF6E6','#F9E9C4','#F2D28C','#E8B44A','#D99B12'].map(c=>'<i style=\"background:'+c+'\"><\/i>').join('')\r\n    + '<span>High<\/span><\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------- 03 per cycle ----------\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">03<\/span>Questions per exam cycle<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p>How many questions each paper on record contributed. A short bar usually means a partly recovered paper rather than a shorter exam \\u2014 worth knowing before you read too much into that year\\u2019s pattern.<\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">'+d.years.length+' cycles \\u00b7 '+d.total+' questions<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"cyc\">'\r\n    + d.years.map(y=>{ const n=d.perYear[y];\r\n        return '<div class=\"cycbar\"><span class=\"cn\">'+n+'<\/span>'\r\n          + '<div class=\"cbar\" style=\"height:'+Math.max(n\/maxYear*140,6)+'px\"><\/div>'\r\n          + '<span class=\"cy\">'+y+'<\/span><\/div>'; }).join('')\r\n    + '<\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------- 04 what this means for you ----------\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">04<\/span>What this means for your revision<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p>The same counts, read against how you are actually performing.<\/p><\/div><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"examReco\"><\/div><\/section>';\r\n\r\n  \/\/ recommendations tie the counts back to the learner's own record\r\n  const perf = chapterRows();\r\n  const out=[];\r\n  d.rows.slice(0,3).forEach(r=>{\r\n    const p = perf.find(x=>x.chapter===r.chapter);\r\n    const acc = p && p.acc!==null ? Math.round(p.acc*100) : null;\r\n    out.push({ic: acc===null?'warm':acc<60?'hot':'good', icon: acc===null?'\\ud83e\\udded':acc<60?'\\ud83d\\udd25':'\\u2705',\r\n      txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b> has produced <b>'+r.total+' questions<\/b> across '\r\n        + Object.values(r.byYear).filter(Boolean).length+' of '+d.years.length+' papers'\r\n        + (acc===null ? ' and you have not attempted it yet.' : ' and you are at <b>'+acc+'%<\/b> on it.'),\r\n      ch:r.chapter});\r\n  });\r\n  const recent = d.years.slice(-3);\r\n  const rising = d.rows.map(r=>{\r\n    const late = recent.reduce((a,y)=>a+(r.byYear[y]||0),0);\r\n    const early = d.years.slice(0,-3).reduce((a,y)=>a+(r.byYear[y]||0),0);\r\n    return {r, late, early, rate: late\/Math.max(recent.length,1)};\r\n  }).filter(x=>x.late>=2 && x.rate > (x.early\/Math.max(d.years.length-3,1))*1.5)\r\n    .sort((a,b)=>b.late-a.late)[0];\r\n  if(rising) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\\ud83d\\udcc8',\r\n    txt:'<b>'+chBrief(rising.r.chapter)+'<\/b> has been asked <b>'+rising.late+' times in the last '+recent.length\r\n      + ' papers<\/b>, well above its own earlier rate. Recent papers are the better guide to the next one.',ch:rising.r.chapter});\r\n  const silent = CHAPTERS.filter(c=>inChB(c,'pyq').length===0 && inChB(c,'concept').length>0);\r\n  if(silent.length) out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\\ud83d\\udd07',\r\n    txt:'<b>'+silent.length+' chapter'+(silent.length===1?' has':'s have')+' never been asked<\/b> in the papers on record \\u2014 '\r\n      + silent.slice(0,3).map(chBrief).join(', ')+(silent.length>3?' and others':'')\r\n      + '. They still carry concept MCQs, so decide deliberately how much time they deserve.'});\r\n  $('examReco').innerHTML = out.map(r=>\r\n    '<div class=\"reco\"><span class=\"ic '+r.ic+'\">'+r.icon+'<\/span><p>'+r.txt+'<\/p>'\r\n    + (r.ch?'<button class=\"go\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.ch)+'\" data-bank=\"pyq\">Drill PYQs \\u2192<\/button>':'')+'<\/div>').join('');\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   16. ANSWERING\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction check(){\r\n  const p=pool(), q=p[S.i]; if(!q) return;\r\n  if(S.pick==null){ S.nudge=true; render(); return; }\r\n  const u=uid(q), ok = S.pick===q.correct;\r\n  S.ans[u]=S.pick; S.pick=null; S.nudge=false;\r\n  const s=stat(u);\r\n  ok ? s.correct++ : s.incorrect++;\r\n  s.last=Date.now(); s.lastOk=ok;\r\n  P.log.push({u, ok, ts:Date.now()});\r\n  P.lastUid=u;\r\n  refreshWeak(); save(); render();\r\n  const res=$('result'); if(res && res.scrollIntoView) try{ res.scrollIntoView({block:'nearest',behavior:'smooth'}); }catch(e){}\r\n}\r\nfunction wipe(){\r\n  if(!confirm('Permanently erase ALL lifetime performance for this subject?\\n\\nMastery, weak areas, flags, accuracy history, the built session and the readiness score all go. This cannot be undone.')) return;\r\n  P = blank(); flags.clear(); weak.clear(); S.ans={};\r\n  save(); setFilter('all'); renderPerf(); hdr();\r\n  toast('Lifetime performance erased', true);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   18. EVENTS\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction setTab(t){\r\n  S.tab=t;\r\n  document.querySelectorAll('#cdRoot .tab').forEach(b=>b.setAttribute('aria-selected', b.dataset.tab===t));\r\n  $('viewQuiz').classList.toggle('hide', t!=='quiz');\r\n  $('viewPerf').classList.toggle('hide', t!=='perf');\r\n  $('viewExam').classList.toggle('hide', t!=='exam');\r\n  $('cdFilters').classList.toggle('hide', t!=='quiz');\r\n  if(t==='perf') renderPerf();\r\n  if(t==='exam') renderExam();\r\n}\r\nfunction setFilter(f, ch){\r\n  S.filter=f; S.i=0; S.pick=null;\r\n  if(ch) S.chapter=ch;\r\n  document.querySelectorAll('#cdRoot .pill-f').forEach(b=>b.setAttribute('aria-pressed', b.dataset.f===f));\r\n  render();\r\n}\r\ndocument.querySelectorAll('#cdRoot .tab').forEach(b=>b.onclick=()=>setTab(b.dataset.tab));\r\ndocument.querySelectorAll('#cdRoot .pill-f').forEach(b=>b.onclick=()=>setFilter(b.dataset.f));\r\n$('chapList').addEventListener('click', e=>{\r\n  const chip=e.target.closest('.chapchip'); if(!chip) return;\r\n  S.chapter = decodeURIComponent(chip.dataset.ch);\r\n  S.i=0; S.pick=null; render();\r\n});\r\n$('btnCheck').onclick = check;\r\n$('btnNext').onclick  = ()=>{ S.i++; S.pick=null; render(); };\r\n$('btnPrev').onclick  = ()=>{ S.i--; S.pick=null; render(); };\r\n$('btnFlag').onclick  = ()=>{\r\n  const p=pool(), q=p[S.i]; if(!q) return;\r\n  const u=uid(q);\r\n  flags.has(u) ? flags.delete(u) : flags.add(u);\r\n  P.flags=[...flags]; save(); render();\r\n};\r\n$('navToggle').onclick = ()=>{ navOpen=!navOpen; renderNav(pool()); };\r\nlet tmr;\r\n$('cdSearch').addEventListener('input', e=>{\r\n  clearTimeout(tmr);\r\n  tmr=setTimeout(()=>{ S.query=e.target.value.trim(); S.i=0; S.pick=null; render(); },220);\r\n});\r\n$('tglUn').onclick = e=>{\r\n  S.unattempted=!S.unattempted;\r\n  e.currentTarget.setAttribute('aria-pressed',S.unattempted);\r\n  e.currentTarget.firstChild.textContent = S.unattempted?'\u2611 ':'\u25fb ';\r\n  S.i=0; S.pick=null; render();\r\n};\r\n$('tglReset').onclick = ()=>{\r\n  if(!Object.keys(S.ans).length) return;\r\n  if(!confirm('Reset this sitting? Only the answers on screen are cleared \u2014 your lifetime performance and mastery are kept.')) return;\r\n  S.ans={}; S.i=0; S.pick=null; render();\r\n  toast('Session reset \u2014 performance data kept', true);\r\n};\r\n\r\n\/* performance-tab jumps + AI chips, delegated *\/\r\ndocument.addEventListener('click', e=>{\r\n  if(!e.target.closest('#cdRoot')) return;\r\n  const goch=e.target.closest('[data-goch]');\r\n  if(goch){\r\n    S.bank = goch.dataset.bank || 'all';\r\n    setTab('quiz'); setFilter('chapter', decodeURIComponent(goch.dataset.goch));\r\n    toast('Filtered to '+chShort(S.chapter)+(S.bank==='pyq'?' \u2014 PYQs':S.bank==='concept'?' \u2014 concept MCQs':''), true);\r\n    return;\r\n  }\r\n  const bseg=e.target.closest('.bankseg button');\r\n  if(bseg){ S.bank=bseg.dataset.bank; S.i=0; S.pick=null; render(); return; }\r\n  if(e.target.closest('[data-goweak]')){ setTab('quiz'); setFilter('weak'); return; }\r\n  if(e.target.closest('[data-goflag]')){ setTab('quiz'); setFilter('flagged'); return; }\r\n  const gu=e.target.closest('[data-gouid]');\r\n  if(gu){\r\n    const u=decodeURIComponent(gu.dataset.gouid);\r\n    setTab('quiz'); setFilter('all');\r\n    const idx=pool().findIndex(q=>uid(q)===u);\r\n    if(idx>=0){ S.i=idx; render(); }\r\n    return;\r\n  }\r\n});\r\n\/* keyboard, scoped to the widget *\/\r\ndocument.addEventListener('keydown', e=>{\r\n  if(S.tab!=='quiz') return;\r\n  const t=e.target;\r\n  if(t && (\/^(INPUT|TEXTAREA|SELECT)$\/.test(t.tagName) || t.isContentEditable)) return;\r\n  if(e.ctrlKey||e.metaKey||e.altKey) return;\r\n  const p=pool(); if(!p.length) return;\r\n  const q=p[S.i];\r\n  if(\/^[1-9]$\/.test(e.key)){\r\n    const k=+e.key-1;\r\n    if(q && S.ans[uid(q)]==null && k<q.options.length){ e.preventDefault(); S.pick=k; S.nudge=false; render(); }\r\n    return;\r\n  }\r\n  const low=e.key.toLowerCase();\r\n  if(\/^[a-f]$\/.test(low)){\r\n    const k=low.charCodeAt(0)-97;\r\n    if(q && S.ans[uid(q)]==null && k<q.options.length){ e.preventDefault(); S.pick=k; S.nudge=false; render(); }\r\n    return;\r\n  }\r\n  if(e.key==='Enter'){ e.preventDefault();\r\n    if(q && S.ans[uid(q)]==null) check();\r\n    else if(S.i<p.length-1){ S.i++; S.pick=null; render(); }\r\n    return; }\r\n  if(e.key==='ArrowRight'){ e.preventDefault(); S.i++; S.pick=null; render(); return; }\r\n  if(e.key==='ArrowLeft'){ e.preventDefault(); S.i--; S.pick=null; render(); return; }\r\n  if(low==='f'){ e.preventDefault(); $('btnFlag').click(); }\r\n});\r\nwindow.addEventListener('beforeunload', save);\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   19. BOOT\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\n$('cdEyebrow').textContent = 'CSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com' + (CFG.eyebrow ? '  \u00b7  '+CFG.eyebrow : '');\r\n$('cdTopic').textContent   = CFG.topic;\r\n$('cdSub').textContent     = CFG.sub;\r\n$('wHead').textContent     = T.onScreen;\r\n$('wUnit').textContent     = WT ? 'importance' : 'of this bank';\r\n$('chapHint').textContent  = WT ? '\u2014 gold pill shows the importance you set' : '';\r\nif(PYQ.length) $('tabExam').classList.remove('hide');\r\nif(SRC_ON){\r\n  $('srcCard').classList.remove('hide');\r\n  $('srcLink').href = CFG.sourceUrl;\r\n}\r\nif(WT) console.info('[weight] counted from '+W.totalPyq+' previous year questions across '+CHAPTERS.length+' chapters.');\r\nelse   console.info('[weight] no PYQs loaded \u2014 chapters are ranked by their share of the concept bank, and nothing is called exam weight.');\r\nif(W.untested.length) console.info('[weight] no PYQs recorded for: '+W.untested.join(' | '));\r\nsetTab('quiz');\r\ntry{ render(); }catch(err){ console.error('render failed', err); }\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   20. CONTENT PROTECTION\r\n   Honest about what this can and cannot do.\r\n\r\n   REALLY BLOCKED\r\n     copy, cut, right-click, drag-out, text selection, Ctrl\/Cmd+C, X, S,\r\n     P, U, and printing or \"Save as PDF\" from the browser.\r\n\r\n   DETERRED, NOT BLOCKED\r\n     screenshots. No web page can stop the operating system taking one \u2014\r\n     Print Screen, Snipping Tool, macOS Shift-Cmd-4 and every phone all\r\n     work below the browser. What is done instead: the questions blur the\r\n     moment this window stops being the front window, which defeats the\r\n     common \"screenshot with another app\" and casual screen-share cases,\r\n     and Print Screen is caught where the browser reports it and the\r\n     clipboard is overwritten.\r\n\r\n   NOT BLOCKED AT ALL\r\n     View Source, Save Page, DevTools, or Reader Mode. Every question is\r\n     in the page HTML because that is how the widget runs. Anyone willing\r\n     to open the source can read the bank. 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