National Education Policy 2020 | Bilingual Study Notes<\/title>\n<style>\n *, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }\n :root {\n --navy: #14243f;\n --blue: #1f5fa9;\n --sky: #2f92d1;\n --teal: #0d8f79;\n --amber: #c9760f;\n --red: #c0392b;\n --gold: #c2a010;\n --purple: #6b3a8f;\n --plum: #8e2f5a;\n --text: #1c2b3a;\n --muted: #5a6d80;\n --border: #e1e8f0;\n }\n html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }\n body {\n font-family: 'DM Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;\n background: #ffffff;\n color: var(--text);\n font-size: 15px;\n line-height: 1.85;\n }\n a { text-decoration: none; color: inherit; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 LANGUAGE TOGGLE \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .lang-toggle-bar { margin-left: auto; flex-shrink: 0; }\n .lang-toggle-btn {\n display: flex; align-items: center;\n background: #fff; border: 2px solid var(--navy);\n border-radius: 50px; padding: 3px;\n box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(20,36,63,0.13);\n cursor: pointer; transition: box-shadow 0.18s;\n }\n .lang-toggle-btn:hover { box-shadow: 0 4px 18px rgba(20,36,63,0.22); }\n .lang-option {\n padding: 5px 16px; border-radius: 40px;\n font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 700;\n letter-spacing: 0.04em; transition: all 0.22s ease;\n color: var(--muted); user-select: none; white-space: nowrap;\n }\n .lang-option.active {\n background: var(--navy); color: #fff;\n box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(20,36,63,0.22);\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 LANGUAGE VISIBILITY \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .hi { display: none; }\n body.hindi-mode .en { display: none; }\n body.hindi-mode .hi { display: inline; }\n body.hindi-mode .hi-block { display: block !important; }\n body.hindi-mode .en-block { display: none !important; }\n .hi-block { display: none; }\n body.hindi-mode { font-family: 'Noto Sans Devanagari', 'DM Sans', sans-serif; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 HERO \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .hero {\n width: 100%;\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e6bf45 0%, #cf9a1e 38%, #9a6d0f 72%, #6d4b09 100%);\n padding: 58px 48px 52px;\n color: #fff; position: relative; overflow: hidden;\n text-align: center;\n }\n .hero::before {\n content: ''; position: absolute; inset: 0;\n background-image:\n linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0.055) 1px, transparent 1px),\n linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.055) 1px, transparent 1px);\n background-size: 34px 34px;\n pointer-events: none;\n }\n .hero::after {\n content: ''; position: absolute; left: 50%; bottom: -240px;\n transform: translateX(-50%);\n width: 720px; height: 380px;\n background: radial-gradient(ellipse at center, rgba(255,255,255,0.20) 0%, transparent 70%);\n pointer-events: none;\n }\n .hero h1 {\n font-family: 'Crimson Pro', Georgia, serif;\n font-size: clamp(27px, 4.4vw, 42px);\n font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.2;\n margin: 0 auto 14px; position: relative; z-index: 1;\n color: #fff;\n text-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.28);\n }\n .hero-code {\n display: inline-block;\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: 11.5px; font-weight: 700;\n letter-spacing: 0.18em;\n background: rgba(255,255,255,0.20);\n border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\n padding: 5px 16px; border-radius: 4px;\n margin-bottom: 16px; position: relative; z-index: 1;\n }\n .hero-sub {\n font-size: 14.5px; opacity: 0.95; margin: 0 auto 16px;\n max-width: 760px; position: relative; z-index: 1; color: #fff;\n text-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);\n }\n .hero-meta {\n display: inline-flex; gap: 8px; align-items: center;\n background: rgba(255,255,255,0.94); padding: 5px 14px;\n border-radius: 50px; position: relative; z-index: 1;\n font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy);\n box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 BREADCRUMB \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .breadcrumb-bar { background: #fff; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); padding: 10px 48px; }\n .breadcrumb-inner {\n max-width: 1120px; margin: 0 auto;\n font-size: 12.5px; color: #aaa;\n display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px;\n }\n .breadcrumb-inner a { color: var(--blue); }\n .breadcrumb-inner a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\n .breadcrumb-inner .sep { color: #ddd; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 LAYOUT \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .layout {\n max-width: 1120px; margin: 0 auto;\n padding: 44px 48px 88px;\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: 285px 1fr;\n gap: 54px;\n align-items: start;\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 CHAPTER HEADING \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .chapter-heading-block {\n display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px;\n margin: 8px 0 22px; padding-bottom: 14px;\n border-bottom: 2.5px solid var(--navy);\n flex-wrap: wrap;\n }\n .chapter-badge {\n background: var(--navy); color: #fff;\n font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700;\n padding: 5px 16px; border-radius: 4px;\n letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase;\n white-space: nowrap; flex-shrink: 0;\n }\n .chapter-heading-block h2 {\n font-family: 'Crimson Pro', Georgia, serif;\n font-size: 23px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin: 0;\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 SECTION HEADING \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .section-heading-block {\n display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px;\n margin: 38px 0 14px; scroll-margin-top: 20px;\n }\n .section-badge {\n background: var(--blue); color: #fff;\n font-size: 10.5px; font-weight: 700;\n padding: 4px 12px; border-radius: 3px;\n letter-spacing: 0.04em; white-space: nowrap; flex-shrink: 0;\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n }\n .section-heading-block h3 { font-size: 17.5px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin: 0; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 PROSE \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .article h4 { font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin: 24px 0 10px; }\n .article h5.sub { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--purple); margin: 16px 0 8px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.05em; }\n .article p { color: #2c3e50; margin-bottom: 12px; text-align: justify; hyphens: auto; }\n .article strong { color: #111; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 ICON LIST \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .icon-list { list-style: none; margin: 0 0 14px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; }\n .icon-list li { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 10px; font-size: 14.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.78; }\n .icon-list li .ico { font-size: 14px; flex-shrink: 0; margin-top: 4px; width: 22px; text-align: center; font-weight: 700; color: var(--blue); }\n .icon-list li > span:not(.ico) { text-align: justify; hyphens: auto; flex: 1; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 CALLOUT \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .callout {\n border-left: 3px solid var(--blue);\n padding: 12px 18px; margin: 16px 0 20px;\n background: #f7fbff; text-align: justify; hyphens: auto;\n border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;\n }\n .callout.amber { border-left-color: var(--amber); background: #fffbf4; }\n .callout.red { border-left-color: var(--red); background: #fff8f7; }\n .callout.teal { border-left-color: var(--teal); background: #f2fdfa; }\n .callout.purple{ border-left-color: var(--purple);background: #faf6ff; }\n .callout-label {\n font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase;\n letter-spacing: 0.12em; margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--blue);\n }\n .callout.amber .callout-label { color: var(--amber); }\n .callout.red .callout-label { color: var(--red); }\n .callout.teal .callout-label { color: var(--teal); }\n .callout.purple .callout-label { color: var(--purple); }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 KEY-FACT CARDS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .keyfact-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr)); gap: 14px; margin: 20px 0 28px; }\n .keyfact-card { border: 1.5px solid var(--border); border-radius: 10px; padding: 18px 16px; text-align: center; background: #fff; }\n .keyfact-card.navy-hi { border-color: #93a8c2; background: #f3f6fb; }\n .keyfact-card.teal-hi { border-color: #7fd3c5; background: #f0fdf8; }\n .keyfact-card.amber-hi { border-color: #f0d58a; background: #fffbf0; }\n .keyfact-card .big-icon { font-size: 28px; margin-bottom: 8px; display: block; }\n .keyfact-card .kf-label { font-size: 10.5px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.08em; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 6px; }\n .keyfact-card .kf-value { font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 5px; }\n .keyfact-card.teal-hi .kf-value { color: var(--teal); }\n .keyfact-card.amber-hi .kf-value { color: var(--amber); }\n .keyfact-card .kf-sub { font-size: 11.5px; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.5; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 DEFINITION CARD (scholar quotes) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .def-stack { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; margin: 16px 0 22px; }\n .def-card {\n background: linear-gradient(95deg, #f6f9fd 0%, #fff 60%);\n border: 1.5px solid var(--border);\n border-left: 4px solid var(--navy);\n border-radius: 8px; padding: 14px 18px;\n display: grid; grid-template-columns: 130px 1fr; gap: 16px; align-items: start;\n }\n .def-card:nth-child(2) { border-left-color: var(--blue); }\n .def-card:nth-child(3) { border-left-color: var(--teal); }\n .def-card:nth-child(4) { border-left-color: var(--amber); }\n .def-card:nth-child(5) { border-left-color: var(--purple); }\n .def-card .def-who {\n font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); line-height: 1.4;\n }\n .def-card .def-who small { display: block; font-size: 10.5px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--muted); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin-top: 2px; }\n .def-card .def-text { font-size: 13.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.68; }\n @media (max-width: 620px) { .def-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 6px; } }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 FORMULA CARD (new) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .formula-card {\n background: linear-gradient(130deg, var(--navy) 0%, #1c3a63 100%);\n border-radius: 12px; padding: 22px 26px; margin: 18px 0 24px;\n color: #fff; text-align: center;\n }\n .formula-card .fx-eyebrow {\n font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.16em;\n text-transform: uppercase; color: #ffd970; margin-bottom: 12px;\n }\n .formula-card .fx-body {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: clamp(13px, 2vw, 16px); font-weight: 700;\n line-height: 1.9; color: #fff;\n }\n .formula-card .fx-body em { color: #ffd970; font-style: normal; }\n .formula-card .fx-note {\n margin-top: 12px; padding-top: 12px;\n border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.2);\n font-size: 12.5px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.9); line-height: 1.6;\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 VS COMPARE (new) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .vs-compare { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr; gap: 0; margin: 18px 0 24px; align-items: stretch; }\n .vs-side { background: #fff; border: 2px solid var(--border); border-radius: 12px; padding: 18px 20px; }\n .vs-side.left { border-color: var(--blue); background: linear-gradient(180deg, #eef4fc 0%, #fff 65%); }\n .vs-side.right { border-color: var(--teal); background: linear-gradient(180deg, #eefbf7 0%, #fff 65%); }\n .vs-side h5 { font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 4px; }\n .vs-side .vs-tag {\n display: inline-block; font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: 9.5px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase;\n padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #fff;\n }\n .vs-side.left .vs-tag { background: var(--blue); }\n .vs-side.right .vs-tag { background: var(--teal); }\n .vs-side ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; font-size: 12.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.65; }\n .vs-side ul li { padding: 4px 0 4px 16px; position: relative; }\n .vs-side ul li::before { content: '\u25b8'; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 4px; color: var(--blue); font-size: 10px; }\n .vs-side.right ul li::before { color: var(--teal); }\n .vs-mid {\n display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n padding: 0 12px; font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-weight: 800; font-size: 13px; color: var(--muted);\n }\n @media (max-width: 720px) {\n .vs-compare { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 10px; }\n .vs-mid { padding: 2px 0; }\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 TABLES \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .data-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 16px 0 24px; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid var(--border); font-size: 13.5px; }\n .data-table thead tr { background: var(--navy); color: #fff; }\n .data-table th { padding: 11px 14px; text-align: left; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.04em; }\n .data-table th.narrow, .data-table td.narrow { width: 52px; text-align: center; }\n .data-table td { padding: 11px 14px; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.6; }\n .data-table td.narrow { font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--blue); }\n .data-table tr:nth-child(even) td { background: #f9fbfd; }\n .data-table td strong { color: var(--navy); }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 NUMBERED STACK \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .num-stack { counter-reset: ns; list-style: none; margin: 16px 0 24px; }\n .num-stack li {\n counter-increment: ns; position: relative;\n padding: 12px 16px 12px 56px; margin-bottom: 7px;\n background: #fff; border: 1.5px solid var(--border);\n border-left: 4px solid var(--blue);\n border-radius: 6px; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 1.65;\n }\n .num-stack li::before {\n content: counter(ns);\n position: absolute; left: 12px; top: 50%; transform: translateY(-50%);\n width: 30px; height: 30px; border-radius: 50%;\n background: var(--navy); color: #fff;\n display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-weight: 700; font-size: 12px;\n }\n .num-stack.roman li::before { content: counter(ns, upper-roman); font-size: 10.5px; }\n .num-stack.alpha li::before { content: counter(ns, lower-alpha); }\n .num-stack li strong { color: var(--navy); }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 FEATURE GRID \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .feat-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(230px, 1fr)); gap: 12px; margin: 16px 0 24px; }\n .feat-card {\n background: #fff; border: 1.5px solid var(--border);\n border-radius: 10px; padding: 14px 16px 14px 46px;\n position: relative; font-size: 12.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.6;\n border-left: 4px solid var(--teal);\n }\n .feat-card .fc-num {\n position: absolute; left: 10px; top: 14px;\n width: 26px; height: 26px; border-radius: 50%;\n background: var(--teal); color: #fff;\n display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-weight: 700; font-size: 11px;\n }\n .feat-card strong { color: var(--navy); display: block; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 13px; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 LADDER (hierarchical taxonomy levels) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .ladder { margin: 18px 0 26px; }\n .rung {\n display: grid; grid-template-columns: 54px 1fr; gap: 16px;\n background: #fff; border: 1.5px solid var(--border);\n border-radius: 10px; padding: 16px 18px; margin-bottom: 8px;\n align-items: start; transition: transform 0.15s, border-color 0.15s;\n }\n .rung:hover { transform: translateX(3px); border-color: var(--blue); }\n .rung .rung-step {\n width: 54px; text-align: center;\n }\n .rung .rung-num {\n display: block; width: 40px; height: 40px; margin: 0 auto 4px;\n border-radius: 10px; color: #fff;\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-weight: 700; font-size: 15px;\n display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n }\n .rung .rung-tier { font-size: 8.5px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }\n .rung h5 { font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 5px; }\n .rung h5 .revised { font-size: 11px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--purple); font-style: italic; }\n .rung p { font-size: 13px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.65; margin: 0 0 6px; text-align: justify; }\n .rung .rung-eg {\n margin-top: 8px; padding: 8px 12px;\n background: #f7fbff; border-left: 3px solid var(--sky);\n border-radius: 0 5px 5px 0; font-size: 12px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.6;\n }\n .rung .rung-eg b { color: var(--blue); text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0.08em; display: block; margin-bottom: 3px; }\n .rung:nth-child(1) .rung-num { background: var(--teal); }\n .rung:nth-child(2) .rung-num { background: var(--sky); }\n .rung:nth-child(3) .rung-num { background: var(--blue); }\n .rung:nth-child(4) .rung-num { background: var(--gold); }\n .rung:nth-child(5) .rung-num { background: var(--amber); }\n .rung:nth-child(6) .rung-num { background: var(--plum); }\n .rung:nth-child(1) { border-left: 4px solid var(--teal); }\n .rung:nth-child(2) { border-left: 4px solid var(--sky); }\n .rung:nth-child(3) { border-left: 4px solid var(--blue); }\n .rung:nth-child(4) { border-left: 4px solid var(--gold); }\n .rung:nth-child(5) { border-left: 4px solid var(--amber); }\n .rung:nth-child(6) { border-left: 4px solid var(--plum); }\n @media (max-width: 560px) { .rung { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .rung .rung-step { text-align: left; } .rung .rung-num { margin: 0 0 4px; } }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 DOMAIN CARDS (3 domains) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .domain-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 14px; margin: 18px 0 26px; }\n .domain-card {\n border: 2px solid var(--border); border-radius: 14px;\n padding: 20px 18px; text-align: center; background: #fff;\n position: relative; transition: transform 0.18s, box-shadow 0.18s;\n }\n .domain-card:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(20,36,63,0.10); }\n .domain-card.cog { border-color: var(--blue); background: linear-gradient(180deg, #eef4fc 0%, #fff 62%); }\n .domain-card.aff { border-color: var(--plum); background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fdf0f5 0%, #fff 62%); }\n .domain-card.psy { border-color: var(--teal); background: linear-gradient(180deg, #eefbf7 0%, #fff 62%); }\n .domain-card .dm-icon {\n width: 54px; height: 54px; border-radius: 50%;\n margin: 0 auto 10px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n font-size: 25px; color: #fff;\n }\n .domain-card.cog .dm-icon { background: var(--blue); }\n .domain-card.aff .dm-icon { background: var(--plum); }\n .domain-card.psy .dm-icon { background: var(--teal); }\n .domain-card h5 { font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 4px; }\n .domain-card .dm-gandhi {\n display: inline-block; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700;\n letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase;\n padding: 2px 10px; border-radius: 10px; margin-bottom: 8px; color: #fff;\n }\n .domain-card.cog .dm-gandhi { background: var(--blue); }\n .domain-card.aff .dm-gandhi { background: var(--plum); }\n .domain-card.psy .dm-gandhi { background: var(--teal); }\n .domain-card p { font-size: 12.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0; text-align: center; }\n .domain-card .dm-levels {\n margin-top: 10px; padding-top: 10px; border-top: 1px dashed var(--border);\n font-size: 11px; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.5;\n }\n @media (max-width: 720px) { .domain-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 ENRICHMENT BOX (beyond the textbook) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .enrich-box {\n border: 2px dashed var(--purple); border-radius: 12px;\n padding: 22px 24px; margin: 22px 0 26px;\n background: linear-gradient(180deg, #faf6ff 0%, #fff 70%);\n position: relative;\n }\n .enrich-stamp {\n position: absolute; top: -11px; left: 20px;\n background: var(--purple); color: #fff;\n font-size: 9.5px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.1em;\n text-transform: uppercase; padding: 3px 12px; border-radius: 4px;\n }\n .enrich-box h4 { margin-top: 6px !important; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 SCALE STRIP (nominal\u2192ratio) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .scale-strip { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); gap: 0; margin: 16px 0 18px; }\n .scale-step {\n position: relative; padding: 16px 14px; text-align: center;\n background: #fff; border: 2px solid var(--border); border-radius: 10px;\n margin: 0 5px;\n }\n .scale-step:nth-child(1) { border-color: var(--teal); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#eefbf7 0%,#fff 70%); }\n .scale-step:nth-child(2) { border-color: var(--sky); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#eaf6ff 0%,#fff 70%); }\n .scale-step:nth-child(3) { border-color: var(--amber); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fffaef 0%,#fff 70%); }\n .scale-step:nth-child(4) { border-color: var(--plum); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fdf0f5 0%,#fff 70%); }\n .scale-step .ss-num {\n display: inline-block; font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: 9.5px; font-weight: 700; color: #fff;\n padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 3px; margin-bottom: 6px;\n }\n .scale-step:nth-child(1) .ss-num { background: var(--teal); }\n .scale-step:nth-child(2) .ss-num { background: var(--sky); }\n .scale-step:nth-child(3) .ss-num { background: var(--amber); }\n .scale-step:nth-child(4) .ss-num { background: var(--plum); }\n .scale-step h6 { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 4px; }\n .scale-step p { font-size: 11.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0; text-align: center; }\n .scale-step:not(:last-child)::after {\n content: '\u203a'; position: absolute; right: -10px; top: 50%;\n transform: translateY(-50%); font-size: 22px; color: #b8c8d8; font-weight: 700; z-index: 2;\n }\n @media (max-width: 780px) {\n .scale-strip { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); row-gap: 12px; }\n .scale-step:nth-child(2)::after { display: none; }\n }\n @media (max-width: 460px) {\n .scale-strip { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\n .scale-step::after { display: none; }\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 CHECK YOUR PROGRESS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .cyp-box {\n background: linear-gradient(95deg, #fffaef 0%, #fff 70%);\n border: 1.5px solid #f0d58a; border-left: 4px solid var(--amber);\n border-radius: 0 10px 10px 0; padding: 18px 22px; margin: 22px 0;\n }\n .cyp-title {\n font-size: 10.5px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase;\n letter-spacing: 0.12em; color: var(--amber); margin-bottom: 12px;\n }\n .cyp-q {\n border-bottom: 1px dashed #f0d58a; padding: 8px 0;\n }\n .cyp-q:last-child { border-bottom: none; }\n .cyp-q summary {\n cursor: pointer; font-size: 13.5px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy);\n list-style: none; display: flex; gap: 10px; align-items: flex-start;\n }\n .cyp-q summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }\n .cyp-q summary::before {\n content: 'Q'; flex-shrink: 0;\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700;\n background: var(--amber); color: #fff; padding: 2px 7px; border-radius: 3px; margin-top: 3px;\n }\n .cyp-q[open] summary { color: var(--amber); }\n .cyp-q .cyp-a {\n margin: 8px 0 4px 34px; padding: 10px 14px;\n background: #fff; border-left: 3px solid var(--teal); border-radius: 0 5px 5px 0;\n font-size: 13px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.7;\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 GLOSSARY \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .glossary { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr)); gap: 10px; margin: 16px 0 24px; }\n .gloss-item {\n background: #fff; border: 1.5px solid var(--border);\n border-left: 4px solid var(--sky); border-radius: 8px;\n padding: 12px 15px; font-size: 12.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.6;\n }\n .gloss-item b { display: block; color: var(--navy); font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 3px; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 QUESTION BANK \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .qbank { margin: 16px 0 24px; }\n .qbank-head {\n display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; margin: 18px 0 10px;\n }\n .qbank-head .qb-pill {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.08em;\n padding: 4px 12px; border-radius: 12px; color: #fff; text-transform: uppercase;\n }\n .qbank-head .qb-pill.short { background: var(--teal); }\n .qbank-head .qb-pill.long { background: var(--plum); }\n .qbank-head h5 { font-size: 13.5px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin: 0; }\n .qbank ol { margin: 0 0 0 24px; }\n .qbank ol li { font-size: 13.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.75; padding: 4px 0; }\n .qbank ol li::marker { color: var(--blue); font-weight: 700; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 EXAM TIP \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .exam-tip {\n background: linear-gradient(95deg, #f2fdfa 0%, #fff 70%);\n border: 1.5px solid #7fd3c5; border-radius: 10px;\n padding: 14px 18px; margin: 16px 0 22px;\n display: grid; grid-template-columns: 40px 1fr; gap: 14px; align-items: start;\n }\n .exam-tip .et-icon {\n width: 40px; height: 40px; border-radius: 10px;\n background: var(--teal); color: #fff;\n display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 19px;\n }\n .exam-tip .et-body { font-size: 13px; color: #1a4a3f; line-height: 1.68; }\n .exam-tip .et-body strong { color: var(--teal); }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 PROCESS FLOW (step chain) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .flow-wrap { margin: 18px 0 26px; }\n .flow-note {\n font-size: 12.5px; color: var(--muted); font-style: italic;\n background: #f7fbff; border-left: 3px solid var(--sky);\n padding: 8px 14px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; margin-bottom: 14px;\n }\n .flow-steps { position: relative; padding-left: 4px; }\n .flow-steps::before {\n content: ''; position: absolute; left: 23px; top: 18px; bottom: 18px;\n width: 2px; border-radius: 2px;\n background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--teal) 0%, var(--sky) 35%, var(--blue) 70%, var(--navy) 100%);\n }\n .flow-step {\n position: relative; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 48px 1fr;\n gap: 16px; align-items: start; margin-bottom: 9px;\n }\n .flow-step .fs-num {\n position: relative; z-index: 1;\n width: 38px; height: 38px; border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 5px;\n background: #fff; border: 2.5px solid var(--blue); color: var(--blue);\n display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-weight: 700; font-size: 13px;\n box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px #fff;\n }\n .flow-step .fs-body {\n background: #fff; border: 1.5px solid var(--border);\n border-left: 4px solid var(--blue); border-radius: 8px;\n padding: 11px 16px; font-size: 13.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.65;\n transition: transform 0.15s, border-color 0.15s, box-shadow 0.15s;\n }\n .flow-step:hover .fs-body {\n transform: translateX(4px); border-color: var(--sky);\n box-shadow: 0 3px 12px rgba(20,36,63,0.07);\n }\n .flow-step .fs-body strong { color: var(--navy); }\n .flow-step .fs-body .fs-sub { display: block; margin-top: 3px; font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); }\n .flow-step:nth-child(1) .fs-num { border-color: var(--teal); color: var(--teal); }\n .flow-step:nth-child(1) .fs-body { border-left-color: var(--teal); }\n .flow-step:nth-child(2) .fs-num { border-color: var(--sky); color: var(--sky); }\n .flow-step:nth-child(2) .fs-body { border-left-color: var(--sky); }\n .flow-step:last-child .fs-num { background: var(--navy); border-color: var(--navy); color: #fff; }\n .flow-step:last-child .fs-body {\n border-left-color: var(--navy);\n background: linear-gradient(95deg, #f3f6fb 0%, #fff 65%);\n }\n @media (max-width: 520px) {\n .flow-step { grid-template-columns: 40px 1fr; gap: 12px; }\n .flow-steps::before { left: 19px; }\n .flow-step .fs-num { width: 32px; height: 32px; font-size: 11.5px; margin-left: 3px; }\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 SPLIT LIST (breaks run-on enumerations inside callouts \/ rung-eg) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .split-list { list-style: none; margin: 9px 0 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px; }\n .split-list li {\n display: grid; grid-template-columns: 22px 1fr; gap: 8px; align-items: start;\n font-size: 12.5px; line-height: 1.62; color: #2c3e50;\n padding: 7px 11px; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);\n border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.05); border-left: 2.5px solid var(--sky);\n border-radius: 0 5px 5px 0;\n }\n .split-list li .sl-tag {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700;\n color: var(--blue); text-align: center; padding-top: 1px;\n }\n .callout.amber .split-list li { border-left-color: var(--amber); }\n .callout.amber .split-list li .sl-tag { color: var(--amber); }\n .callout.red .split-list li { border-left-color: var(--red); }\n .callout.red .split-list li .sl-tag { color: var(--red); }\n .callout.teal .split-list li { border-left-color: var(--teal); }\n .callout.teal .split-list li .sl-tag { color: var(--teal); }\n .callout.purple .split-list li { border-left-color: var(--purple); }\n .callout.purple .split-list li .sl-tag { color: var(--purple); }\n .exam-tip .split-list li { border-left-color: var(--teal); background: #fff; }\n .exam-tip .split-list li .sl-tag { color: var(--teal); }\n .rung-eg .split-list { margin-top: 6px; }\n .rung-eg .split-list li { background: #fff; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 KEY\u2013VALUE BLOCK (Examples: \/ Tools: \/ Features:) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .kv-block { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; margin-top: 9px; }\n .kv-row {\n display: grid; grid-template-columns: 92px 1fr; gap: 11px; align-items: start;\n font-size: 12.5px; line-height: 1.62; color: #2c3e50;\n }\n .kv-row .kv-key {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: 9px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase;\n color: #fff; background: var(--blue); padding: 4px 6px; border-radius: 10px;\n text-align: center; margin-top: 1px;\n }\n .kv-row:nth-child(2) .kv-key { background: var(--teal); }\n .kv-row:nth-child(3) .kv-key { background: var(--amber); }\n @media (max-width: 520px) {\n .kv-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 4px; }\n .kv-row .kv-key { justify-self: start; padding: 3px 10px; }\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 SKILL MAP (overview cards) + UNIFORM SKILL HEADERS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .skill-map { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr); gap: 10px; margin: 18px 0 8px; }\n .skill-chip {\n display: block; text-align: center; padding: 14px 10px 13px;\n background: #fff; border: 1.5px solid var(--border); border-top: 3px solid var(--blue);\n border-radius: 10px; transition: transform 0.18s, box-shadow 0.18s, border-color 0.18s;\n }\n .skill-chip:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(20,36,63,0.10); }\n .skill-chip .sc-num {\n display: inline-block; font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: 9.5px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase;\n color: #fff; background: var(--blue); padding: 2px 9px; border-radius: 10px; margin-bottom: 7px;\n }\n .skill-chip .sc-icon { display: block; font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 5px; }\n .skill-chip h6 { font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 4px; }\n .skill-chip p { font-size: 10.5px; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.45; margin: 0; text-align: center; }\n .skill-chip.s1 { border-top-color: var(--teal); } .skill-chip.s1 .sc-num { background: var(--teal); }\n .skill-chip.s2 { border-top-color: var(--sky); } .skill-chip.s2 .sc-num { background: var(--sky); }\n .skill-chip.s3 { border-top-color: var(--blue); } .skill-chip.s3 .sc-num { background: var(--blue); }\n .skill-chip.s4 { border-top-color: var(--amber); } .skill-chip.s4 .sc-num { background: var(--amber); }\n .skill-chip.s5 { border-top-color: var(--plum); } .skill-chip.s5 .sc-num { background: var(--plum); }\n @media (max-width: 820px) { .skill-map { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); } }\n @media (max-width: 430px) { .skill-map { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }\n\n .skill-head {\n display: grid; grid-template-columns: 46px 1fr; gap: 14px; align-items: center;\n margin: 34px 0 14px; padding-bottom: 10px;\n border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border); scroll-margin-top: 20px;\n }\n .skill-head .sh-num {\n width: 46px; height: 46px; border-radius: 12px;\n display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-weight: 700; font-size: 17px; color: #fff;\n background: var(--blue);\n }\n .skill-head h5 { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin: 0; }\n .skill-head .sh-tag { display: block; font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 3px; line-height: 1.45; }\n .skill-head.s1 { border-bottom-color: #7fd3c5; } .skill-head.s1 .sh-num { background: var(--teal); }\n .skill-head.s2 { border-bottom-color: #a6d8f2; } .skill-head.s2 .sh-num { background: var(--sky); }\n .skill-head.s3 { border-bottom-color: #a8c4e4; } .skill-head.s3 .sh-num { background: var(--blue); }\n .skill-head.s4 { border-bottom-color: #f0d58a; } .skill-head.s4 .sh-num { background: var(--amber); }\n .skill-head.s5 { border-bottom-color: #e0aac4; } .skill-head.s5 .sh-num { background: var(--plum); }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 RECAP BOX (dotted, sets a revision block apart) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .recap-box {\n border: 2px dotted var(--teal); border-radius: 12px;\n padding: 26px 24px 20px; margin: 34px 0 28px;\n background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f2fdfa 0%, #fff 55%);\n position: relative;\n }\n .recap-stamp {\n position: absolute; top: -11px; left: 20px;\n background: var(--teal); color: #fff;\n font-size: 9.5px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.1em;\n text-transform: uppercase; padding: 3px 12px; border-radius: 4px;\n }\n .recap-box > h5.sub { margin-top: 2px !important; color: var(--teal); }\n .recap-box .data-table { margin-bottom: 6px; }\n .recap-box .recap-foot {\n font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); font-style: italic;\n padding-top: 10px; border-top: 1px dashed #7fd3c5; margin-top: 4px;\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 GRAPH THUMBNAILS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .graph-thumb {\n width: 100%; max-width: 150px; height: auto; display: block;\n background: #fbfdff; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 6px; padding: 4px;\n }\n .graph-thumb text { font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 7px; fill: var(--muted); }\n td.thumb-cell { width: 160px; vertical-align: middle; }\n @media (max-width: 720px) { td.thumb-cell { width: 110px; } }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 PREVIOUS-YEAR MCQ BOX \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .mcq-box {\n background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fff9ef 0%, #fff 60%);\n border: 1.5px solid #f0d58a; border-left: 4px solid var(--amber);\n border-radius: 10px; padding: 20px 22px 16px; margin: 26px 0 30px;\n }\n .mcq-title {\n display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 9px; flex-wrap: wrap;\n font-family: 'Crimson Pro', serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;\n color: var(--amber); margin-bottom: 4px;\n }\n .mcq-src {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 9px; font-weight: 700;\n letter-spacing: 0.06em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\n background: var(--amber); padding: 3px 9px; border-radius: 10px;\n }\n .mcq-note { font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 12px; }\n details.mcq-q {\n background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 7px;\n margin-bottom: 9px; overflow: hidden;\n }\n details.mcq-q summary {\n cursor: pointer; padding: 11px 15px; font-size: 13.5px; font-weight: 600;\n color: var(--navy); list-style: none; line-height: 1.55;\n display: flex; gap: 9px; align-items: flex-start;\n }\n details.mcq-q summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }\n details.mcq-q summary::before {\n content: '\u25b8'; color: var(--amber); font-size: 12px; flex-shrink: 0; padding-top: 2px;\n transition: transform 0.18s;\n }\n details.mcq-q[open] summary::before { transform: rotate(90deg); }\n details.mcq-q summary:hover { background: #fffaf2; }\n .mcq-num {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 10.5px; font-weight: 700;\n color: #fff; background: var(--navy); padding: 2px 7px; border-radius: 4px;\n flex-shrink: 0; margin-top: 1px;\n }\n .mcq-opts { padding: 0 15px 4px 38px; }\n .mcq-opts li {\n font-size: 12.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.65; margin-bottom: 3px; list-style: none;\n }\n .mcq-ans {\n margin: 8px 15px 14px 38px; padding: 11px 14px;\n background: #f2fdfa; border-left: 3px solid var(--teal); border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;\n font-size: 12.5px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1a4a3f;\n }\n .mcq-ans b { color: var(--teal); }\n .mcq-ans .mcq-ref {\n display: block; margin-top: 6px; padding-top: 6px; border-top: 1px dashed #7fd3c5;\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 10.5px; color: var(--muted);\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 ABBREVIATION TABLE \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .abbr-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 0 26px; margin: 18px 0 28px; }\n @media (max-width: 900px) { .abbr-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }\n .abbr-grid table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 12.5px; }\n .abbr-grid thead th {\n background: var(--navy); color: #fff; text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px;\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 9.5px; font-weight: 700;\n letter-spacing: 0.07em; text-transform: uppercase;\n }\n .abbr-grid tbody tr { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }\n .abbr-grid tbody tr:nth-child(even) { background: #f8fbfe; }\n .abbr-grid tbody tr:hover { background: #eef5fd; }\n .abbr-grid td { padding: 7px 12px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.55; }\n .abbr-grid td.ab {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-weight: 700; font-size: 11.5px;\n color: var(--blue); white-space: nowrap; width: 78px;\n }\n .abbr-grid td.ab sub { font-size: 9px; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 PROS \/ CONS PANELS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .pc-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 20px; margin: 22px 0 30px; }\n @media (max-width: 860px) { .pc-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }\n .pc-panel { border-radius: 11px; padding: 17px 20px 15px; border: 1.5px solid; }\n .pc-panel.pro { background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f1fdf9 0%, #fff 55%); border-color: #a3dbcc; }\n .pc-panel.con { background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fff6f4 0%, #fff 55%); border-color: #f0bcb4; }\n .pc-panel.neu { background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f5f8fd 0%, #fff 55%); border-color: #b9cde6; }\n .pc-head {\n display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;\n font-family: 'Crimson Pro', serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-weight: 700;\n padding-bottom: 9px; margin-bottom: 11px; border-bottom: 1px dashed;\n }\n .pc-panel.pro .pc-head { color: var(--teal); border-color: #b6e3d6; }\n .pc-panel.con .pc-head { color: var(--red); border-color: #f3ccc6; }\n .pc-panel.neu .pc-head { color: var(--blue); border-color: #cbdcef; }\n .pc-head .pc-ico {\n width: 21px; height: 21px; border-radius: 50%; flex-shrink: 0;\n display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n font-size: 11px; color: #fff; font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;\n }\n .pc-panel.pro .pc-ico { background: var(--teal); }\n .pc-panel.con .pc-ico { background: var(--red); }\n .pc-panel.neu .pc-ico { background: var(--blue); }\n .pc-panel ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }\n .pc-panel li {\n position: relative; padding-left: 21px; margin-bottom: 9px;\n font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 1.68; color: var(--text);\n }\n .pc-panel li:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }\n .pc-panel li::before { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; font-weight: 700; font-size: 11.5px; }\n .pc-panel.pro li::before { content: '\u2713'; color: var(--teal); }\n .pc-panel.con li::before { content: '\u2717'; color: var(--red); }\n .pc-panel.neu li::before { content: '\u25b8'; color: var(--blue); }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 LIST INSIDE A TABLE CELL \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .cell-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }\n .cell-list li { position: relative; padding-left: 15px; margin-bottom: 5px; line-height: 1.6; }\n .cell-list li:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }\n .cell-list li::before { content: '\u25aa'; position: absolute; left: 0; color: var(--sky); font-size: 10px; top: 1px; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 DIVIDER \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .section-divider { border: none; border-top: 1.5px dashed var(--border); margin: 44px 0; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 SIDEBAR \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .sidebar { position: sticky; top: 24px; max-height: calc(100vh - 48px); }\n .toc-card {\n 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class=\"hero\">\n <div class=\"hero-inner hero-grid\">\n <div class=\"hero-text\">\n UPSC \u2022 Principal & Vice Principal<\/span>\n <h1>\n National Education Policy 2020<\/span>\n \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f 2020<\/span>\n <\/h1>\n \n Complete policy notes | Bilingual, part-wise, examination-ready<\/span>\n \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0938 | \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940, \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0930, \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940<\/span>\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"hero-illustration\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 320 280\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Stack of study notes with open notebook and pen\">\n <ellipse cx=\"160\" cy=\"245\" rx=\"125\" ry=\"14\" fill=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.18)\"\/>\n <g 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cy=\"220\" r=\"2\"\/>\n <\/g>\n <g stroke=\"#fff\" stroke-width=\"1\" opacity=\"0.8\" fill=\"none\">\n <path d=\"M 15 70 l 0 -8 M 11 66 l 8 0\"\/>\n <path d=\"M 295 130 l 0 -6 M 292 127 l 6 0\"\/>\n <\/g>\n <\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"breadcrumb-bar\">\n <div class=\"breadcrumb-inner\">\n <a href=\"#\">Home<\/span>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920<\/span><\/a>\n \u203a<\/span>\n <a href=\"#\">Notes<\/span>\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0938<\/span><\/a>\n \u203a<\/span>\n National Education Policy 2020<\/span>\n \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f 2020<\/span>\n\n <div class=\"lang-toggle-bar\">\n <div class=\"lang-toggle-btn\" id=\"langToggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Switch language\">\n <div class=\"lang-option active\" id=\"optEn\">English<\/div>\n <div class=\"lang-option\" id=\"optHi\">\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"layout\">\n\n \n <aside class=\"sidebar\">\n <div class=\"toc-card\">\n <div class=\"toc-title\">\n Contents<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"toc-chapter\" data-chap=\"1\">\n 1<\/span>\n \n Foundations<\/span>\n \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <svg class=\"chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"3\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polyline points=\"6 9 12 15 18 9\"><\/polyline><\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrapper\">\n <ul class=\"toc-sub\">\n <li><a href=\"#n1-0\">1.0<\/span>Why a New Policy<\/span>\u0928\u0908 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n1-1\">1.1<\/span>Previous Policies<\/span>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n1-2\">1.2<\/span>Principles of the Policy<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n1-3\">1.3<\/span>Vision of the Policy<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n1-4\">1.4<\/span>The 5+3+3+4 Structure<\/span>5+3+3+4 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"toc-chapter collapsed\" data-chap=\"2\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n P2<\/span>\n \n Part I \u2014 School Education<\/span>\n \u092d\u093e\u0917 I \u2014 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <svg class=\"chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"3\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polyline points=\"6 9 12 15 18 9\"><\/polyline><\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrapper\">\n <ul class=\"toc-sub\">\n <li><a href=\"#n2-1\">2.1<\/span>Early Childhood Care & Education<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n2-2\">2.2<\/span>Foundational Literacy & Numeracy<\/span>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n2-3\">2.3<\/span>Dropout Rates & Universal Access<\/span>\u0905\u092a\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n2-4\">2.4<\/span>Curriculum and Pedagogy<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n2-5\">2.5<\/span>Assessment Reform<\/span>\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n2-6\">2.6<\/span>Teachers<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n2-7\">2.7<\/span>Equitable and Inclusive Education<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n2-8\">2.8<\/span>School Complexes & Governance<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n2-9\">2.9<\/span>Standard-setting & Accreditation<\/span>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"toc-chapter collapsed\" data-chap=\"3\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n P3<\/span>\n \n Part II \u2014 Higher Education<\/span>\n \u092d\u093e\u0917 II \u2014 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <svg class=\"chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"3\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polyline points=\"6 9 12 15 18 9\"><\/polyline><\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrapper\">\n <ul class=\"toc-sub\">\n <li><a href=\"#n3-1\">3.1<\/span>Vision & Problems of Higher Education<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n3-2\">3.2<\/span>Institutional Restructuring<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n3-3\">3.3<\/span>Holistic & Multidisciplinary Education<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n3-4\">3.4<\/span>Learning Environments & Student Support<\/span>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n3-5\">3.5<\/span>Faculty<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n3-6\">3.6<\/span>Equity and Inclusion<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n3-7\">3.7<\/span>Teacher Education<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n3-8\">3.8<\/span>Vocational Education<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n3-9\">3.9<\/span>Research and the NRF<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 NRF<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n3-10\">3.10<\/span>Regulatory System: HECI<\/span>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930: HECI<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n3-11\">3.11<\/span>Governance and Leadership<\/span>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"toc-chapter collapsed\" data-chap=\"4\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n P4<\/span>\n \n Part III \u2014 Other Key Areas<\/span>\n \u092d\u093e\u0917 III \u2014 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <svg class=\"chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"3\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polyline points=\"6 9 12 15 18 9\"><\/polyline><\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrapper\">\n <ul class=\"toc-sub\">\n <li><a href=\"#n4-1\">4.1<\/span>Professional Education<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n4-2\">4.2<\/span>Adult Education & Lifelong Learning<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n4-3\">4.3<\/span>Indian Languages, Arts and Culture<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n4-4\">4.4<\/span>Technology Use and Integration<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n4-5\">4.5<\/span>Online and Digital Education<\/span>\u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"toc-chapter collapsed\" data-chap=\"5\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n P5<\/span>\n \n Part IV \u2014 Making It Happen<\/span>\n \u092d\u093e\u0917 IV \u2014 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <svg class=\"chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"3\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polyline points=\"6 9 12 15 18 9\"><\/polyline><\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrapper\">\n <ul class=\"toc-sub\">\n <li><a href=\"#n5-1\">5.1<\/span>Strengthening CABE<\/span>CABE \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n5-2\">5.2<\/span>Financing Education<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n5-3\">5.3<\/span>Implementation<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"toc-chapter collapsed\" data-chap=\"6\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n 6<\/span>\n \n Quick Revision<\/span>\n \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <svg class=\"chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"3\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polyline points=\"6 9 12 15 18 9\"><\/polyline><\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrapper\">\n <ul class=\"toc-sub\">\n <li><a href=\"#n6-1\">6.1<\/span>Every Number and Target<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n6-2\">6.2<\/span>Timeline of Deadlines<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n6-3\">6.3<\/span>New Bodies Created<\/span>\u0928\u0935\u0938\u0943\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n6-4\">6.4<\/span>Abbreviations<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/aside>\n\n <main class=\"article\">\n\n \n <section class=\"chapter-content active\" data-chap=\"1\">\n\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\">\n FOUNDATIONS<\/span>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/span>\n <h2>\n Introduction, Principles and Vision<\/span>\n \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f, \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f<\/span>\n <\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"keyfact-grid\">\n <div class=\"keyfact-card navy-hi\">\n \ud83d\udcdc<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">Approved<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">29 July 2020<\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">The first education policy of the 21st century; replaces NPE 1986, modified 1992<\/span>21\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f; NPE 1986 (\u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 1992) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keyfact-card teal-hi\">\n \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">Structural Change<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">10+2 \u2192 5+3+3+4<\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">Ages 6\u201318 extended to ages 3\u201318, bringing ECCE inside the school structure<\/span>\u0906\u092f\u0941 6\u201318 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 3\u201318 \u0924\u0915, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 ECCE \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0906 \u0917\u0908<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keyfact-card amber-hi\">\n \ud83c\udfaf<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">Target Year<\/span>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">2040<\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">India to have an education system \"second to none\", with equitable access for all<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \"\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\" \u0939\u094b, \u0938\u092c\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n1-0\">\n 1.0<\/span>\n <h3>Why a New Policy Was Needed<\/span>\u0928\u0908 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n The Policy opens with a single claim on which everything else rests: education is fundamental for achieving full human potential, developing an equitable and just society, and promoting national development<\/strong>. India will have the highest population of young people in the world over the next decade<\/strong>, and the Policy argues that the quality of education offered to them will determine the country's future.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0938\u092c \u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u0964 \u0906\u0917\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <h4>The four pressures that produced the Policy<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"feat-grid\">\n <div class=\"feat-card\">1<\/span>A changing knowledge landscape<\/span>\u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/strong>With big data, machine learning and artificial intelligence<\/strong>, many unskilled jobs may be taken over by machines, while demand grows for mathematics, computer science and data science combined with multidisciplinary ability.<\/span>\u092c\u093f\u0917 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e, \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">2<\/span>Environmental pressure<\/span>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935<\/span><\/strong>Climate change, pollution and depleting natural resources<\/strong> will shift how the world meets its energy, water, food and sanitation needs, demanding new skills in biology, chemistry, physics, agriculture and climate science.<\/span>\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e, \u091c\u0932, \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935-\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928, \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941-\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u090f \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">3<\/span>Epidemics and pandemics<\/span>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/strong>Their growing emergence calls for collaborative research in infectious disease management and vaccine development<\/strong>, and heightens the need for multidisciplinary learning.<\/span>\u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u0917-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">4<\/span>SDG 4 commitment<\/span>SDG 4 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong>India adopted the 2030 Agenda in 2015<\/strong>; Goal 4 seeks to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning for all<\/strong> by 2030, which requires the whole system to be reconfigured.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0947 2015<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 2030 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e; \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f 4 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f 2030 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udccc The sentence that captures the whole Policy<\/span>\ud83d\udccc \u0935\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0947\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/div>\n It is becoming increasingly critical that children not only learn, but more importantly learn how to learn<\/strong>. Education must therefore move towards less content<\/strong> and more towards how to think critically and solve problems, how to be creative and multidisciplinary, and how to innovate, adapt and absorb new material<\/strong> in novel and changing fields.<\/span>\n \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0905\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0947\u0902<\/strong>\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0938 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e-\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b, \u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u090f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0908 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>What pedagogy must become<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0928\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/h4>\n \n The Policy lists the qualities pedagogy must acquire, and the list is worth memorizing in order, because it recurs throughout the document: experiential, holistic, integrated, inquiry-driven, discovery-oriented, learner-centred, discussion-based, flexible<\/strong> and, of course, enjoyable<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0902\u0920\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u093c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915, \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930, \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924, \u091c\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0938\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923-\u0909\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0941\u0916, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e-\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0939 \u0906\u0928\u0902\u0926\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The capacities the Policy names<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/div>\n Education must develop not only cognitive capacities<\/strong> \u2014 both the foundational capacities<\/strong> of literacy and numeracy and higher-order<\/strong> capacities such as critical thinking and problem solving \u2014 but also social, ethical and emotional capacities and dispositions<\/strong>. This three-way split is the Policy's own version of the domains of educational objectives, and it governs its whole approach to assessment.<\/span>\n \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e-\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u2014 \u0905\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915, \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092d\u0940<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f-\u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The Indian knowledge inheritance<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e<\/span><\/h4>\n \n The Policy grounds itself explicitly in Indian tradition. The pursuit of knowledge (Jnan), wisdom (Pragyaa) and truth (Satya)<\/strong> was always the highest human goal in Indian thought, and the aim of ancient Indian education was not merely acquisition of knowledge as preparation for life, but complete realization and liberation of the self<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u0903 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0938\u0926\u0948\u0935 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0939\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0905\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0941 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Institutions<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/span>Takshashila, Nalanda, Vikramshila, Vallabhi<\/strong> \u2014 set the highest standards of multidisciplinary teaching and research and hosted scholars from across countries.<\/span>\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e, \u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e, \u0935\u0932\u094d\u0932\u092d\u0940<\/strong> \u2014 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u091c\u093c\u092c\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Scholars<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/span>Charaka, Susruta, Aryabhata, Varahamihira, Bhaskaracharya, Brahmagupta, Chanakya, Chakrapani Datta, Madhava, Panini, Patanjali, Nagarjuna, Gautama, Pingala, Sankardev, Maitreyi, Gargi<\/strong> and Thiruvalluvar.<\/span>\u091a\u0930\u0915, \u0938\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0924, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092d\u091f, \u0935\u0930\u093e\u0939\u092e\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0930, \u092d\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f, \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924, \u091a\u093e\u0923\u0915\u094d\u092f, \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092a\u093e\u0923\u093f \u0926\u0924\u094d\u0924, \u092e\u093e\u0927\u0935, \u092a\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0928\u093f, \u092a\u0924\u0902\u091c\u0932\u093f, \u0928\u093e\u0917\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0941\u0928, \u0917\u094c\u0924\u092e, \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0932, \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0935, \u092e\u0948\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092f\u0940, \u0917\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0935\u0930\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Fields<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/span>Mathematics, astronomy, metallurgy, medical science and surgery, civil engineering, architecture, shipbuilding and navigation, yoga, fine arts and chess.<\/span>\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924, \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932, \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e, \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u0932\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0932 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0915\u0932\u093e, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u091c\u093c-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928, \u092f\u094b\u0917, \u0932\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u0930\u0902\u091c\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n1-1\">\n 1.1<\/span>\n <h3>Previous Policies and What Was Left Unfinished<\/span>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u0942\u0930\u093e \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"flow-wrap\">\n <div class=\"flow-note\">\n \ud83d\udcdc NEP 2020 is the third<\/strong> national education policy. Note the gap \u2014 34 years<\/strong> separate 1986 from 2020, and the Policy repeatedly points out that the internet's disruptive effect could not have been predicted in 1986.<\/span>\n \ud83d\udcdc NEP 2020 \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902 \u2014 1986 \u090f\u0935\u0902 2020 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a 34 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f 1986 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0935\u0902\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-steps\">\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 1<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n National Policy on Education, 1968<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f, 1968<\/span><\/strong>\n First envisaged public expenditure on education at 6% of GDP<\/strong> \u2014 a target reiterated in 1986 and reaffirmed in the 1992 review, and still unmet.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f GDP \u0915\u0947 6%<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u2014 \u091c\u094b 1986 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, 1992 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 2<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n NPE 1986, modified 1992<\/span>NPE 1986, \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 1992<\/span><\/strong>\n Its implementation focused largely on issues of access and equity<\/strong>. Its unfinished agenda<\/strong> is what NEP 2020 says it now addresses.<\/span>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u093e\u0964 NEP 2020 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092c \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 3<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Right to Education Act, 2009<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 2009<\/span><\/strong>\n The major development since 1986\/92 \u2014 it laid down the legal underpinnings for achieving universal elementary education<\/strong>.<\/span>1986\/92 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u2014 \u0907\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0930\u0916\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 4<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n National Education Policy, 2020<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f, 2020<\/span><\/strong>\n Proposes the revision and revamping of all aspects of the education structure, including its regulation and governance<\/strong>, to create a system aligned with 21st century goals including SDG4.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902, \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924, \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0920\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f SDG4 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 21\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n1-2\">\n 1.2<\/span>\n <h3>The Fundamental Principles of the Policy<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The purpose, stated in one sentence<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928<\/span><\/div>\n The purpose of the education system is to develop good human beings capable of rational thought and action, possessing compassion and empathy, courage and resilience, scientific temper and creative imagination, with sound ethical moorings and values<\/strong>. It aims at producing engaged, productive and contributing citizens<\/strong> for building an equitable, inclusive and plural society as envisaged by the Constitution.<\/span>\n \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0915\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u094b\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0941\u0923\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924\u093f, \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0938 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0924\u093e, \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0902<\/strong>\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n \n The Policy lists 22 fundamental principles<\/strong> that guide both the system at large and individual institutions. They are grouped below by what each is really about; the wording of each is the Policy's own.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f 22 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u2014 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Group<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939<\/span><\/th>\n <th>Principles<\/span>\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">The learner<\/span>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>Recognizing, identifying and fostering the unique capabilities of each student<\/strong>, by sensitizing teachers as well as parents to promote holistic development in both academic and non-academic spheres.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928<\/strong>, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Flexibility<\/strong>, so that learners can choose their learning trajectories and programmes, and thereby choose their own paths in life according to their talents and interests.<\/span>\u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928<\/strong>, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0925 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u091a\u0941\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928-\u092a\u0925 \u091a\u0941\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Life skills<\/strong> such as communication, cooperation, teamwork and resilience.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u0923, \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917, \u0926\u0932\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0924\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928-\u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Learning<\/span>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>According the highest priority to achieving Foundational Literacy and Numeracy by all students by Grade 3<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 3 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Emphasis on conceptual understanding rather than rote learning and learning-for-exams<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0930\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941-\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092c\u094b\u0927<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0932\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Creativity and critical thinking<\/strong> to encourage logical decision-making and innovation.<\/span>\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Focus on regular formative assessment for learning<\/strong> rather than the summative assessment that encourages today's 'coaching culture'.<\/span>\u0906\u091c \u0915\u0940 '\u0915\u094b\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f' \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">No silos<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928-\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>No hard separations<\/strong> between arts and sciences, between curricular and extra-curricular activities, between vocational and academic streams \u2014 to eliminate harmful hierarchies and silos.<\/span>\u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0939-\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u2014 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Multidisciplinarity and holistic education<\/strong> across the sciences, social sciences, arts, humanities and sports, to ensure the unity and integrity of all knowledge.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c-\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u0915\u0932\u093e, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0916\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong>, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Synergy in curriculum across all levels<\/strong>, from early childhood care and education to school education to higher education.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0932<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Language<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>Promoting multilingualism and the power of language<\/strong> in teaching and learning.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923-\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Respect for diversity and for the local context<\/strong> in all curriculum, pedagogy and policy, keeping in mind that education is a concurrent subject<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/strong>, \u092f\u0939 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Rootedness and pride in India<\/strong> and its rich, diverse, ancient and modern culture, knowledge systems and traditions.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927, \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f, \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0935<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Values<\/span>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>Ethics and human & Constitutional values<\/strong> \u2014 empathy, respect for others, cleanliness, courtesy, democratic spirit, spirit of service, respect for public property, scientific temper, liberty, responsibility, pluralism, equality and justice.<\/span>\u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924\u093f, \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e, \u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e, \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e-\u092d\u093e\u0935, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Full equity and inclusion<\/strong> as the cornerstone of all educational decisions.<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Education is a public service<\/strong>; access to quality education must be considered a basic right of every child<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948; \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">System<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>Teachers and faculty as the heart of the learning process<\/strong> \u2014 their recruitment, continuous professional development, positive working environments and service conditions.<\/span>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/strong> \u2014 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940, \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e-\u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>A 'light but tight' regulatory framework<\/strong> to ensure integrity, transparency and resource efficiency through audit and public disclosure, while encouraging innovation through autonomy and empowerment.<\/span>\u0905\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e, \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928-\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 '\u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906' \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e<\/strong>, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Outstanding research as a corequisite<\/strong> for outstanding education and development.<\/span>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Continuous review of progress<\/strong> based on sustained research and regular assessment by educational experts.<\/span>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Extensive use of technology<\/strong> in teaching and learning, removing language barriers, increasing access for Divyang students, and in educational planning and management.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923-\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0923, \u0926\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Substantial investment<\/strong> in a strong, vibrant public education system, alongside encouragement of true philanthropic private and community participation.<\/span>\u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c, \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/strong>, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n1-3\">\n 1.3<\/span>\n <h3>The Vision of the Policy<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The vision statement<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f-\u0915\u0925\u0928<\/span><\/div>\n The Policy envisions an education system rooted in Indian ethos<\/strong> that contributes directly to transforming India, that is Bharat<\/strong>, sustainably into an equitable and vibrant knowledge society<\/strong>, by providing high-quality education to all, and thereby making India a global knowledge superpower<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0915\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0915\u094b \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b<\/strong> \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0902\u0924 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/span>\n Curriculum and pedagogy must develop among students a deep sense of respect towards the Fundamental Duties and Constitutional values<\/strong>, bonding with one's country, and a conscious awareness of one's roles and responsibilities in a changing world. The vision is to instil a deep-rooted pride in being Indian \u2014 not only in thought, but also in spirit, intellect and deeds<\/strong> \u2014 and to develop knowledge, skills, values and dispositions that support responsible commitment to human rights, sustainable development and living, and global well-being<\/strong>, thereby reflecting a truly global citizen<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/strong>, \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0935, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091a\u0947\u0924 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u2014 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0905\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0941 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e, \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940<\/strong> \u2014 \u092d\u0930\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932, \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u0902\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\ud83c\udf93<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n What a good educational institution looks like, in the Policy's own words.<\/strong> One in which every student feels welcomed and cared for<\/strong>, where a safe and stimulating learning environment<\/strong> exists, where a wide range of learning experiences<\/strong> are offered, and where good physical infrastructure and appropriate resources<\/strong> conducive to learning are available to all students. Attaining these qualities must be the goal of every educational institution \u2014 but the Policy immediately adds that there must also be seamless integration and coordination across institutions and across all stages of education<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong> \u0935\u0939 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0947<\/strong>, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940\u092a\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/strong> \u0939\u094b, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0936\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0932\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u2014 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0927 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f<\/strong> \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n1-4\">\n 1.4<\/span>\n <h3>The 5+3+3+4 Curricular and Pedagogical Structure<\/span>5+3+3+4 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n This is the single most examined element of the Policy. The extant 10+2 structure will be modified<\/strong> with a new pedagogical and curricular restructuring of 5+3+3+4 covering ages 3\u201318<\/strong>. The crucial point is why<\/em>: under 10+2, children aged 3\u20136 were not covered at all<\/strong>, because Class 1 begins at age 6. The new structure brings Early Childhood Care and Education from age 3<\/strong> inside the school system.<\/span>\n \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0936 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 10+2 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u0930 3\u201318 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 5+3+3+4<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0908 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/em>: 10+2 \u092e\u0947\u0902 3\u20136 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u0947<\/strong>, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 1 \u0906\u092f\u0941 6 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0906\u092f\u0941 3 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\u26a0\ufe0f The line examiners test most often<\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/div>\n The above-described stages are purely curricular and pedagogical<\/strong>, designed to optimize learning based on the cognitive development of children; they will inform the development of National and State curricula and teaching-learning strategies at each stage, but parallel changes to physical infrastructure will not be required<\/strong>. In other words, 5+3+3+4 does not<\/strong> mean school buildings must be rebuilt.<\/span>\n \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902; \u092f\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923-\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947<\/strong>\u0964 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, 5+3+3+4 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f-\u092d\u0935\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"ladder\">\n <div class=\"rung\">\n <div class=\"rung-step\">5<\/span>Ages 3\u20138<\/span>\u0906\u092f\u0941 3\u20138<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div>\n <h5>Foundational Stage<\/span>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u091a\u0930\u0923<\/span> \u2192 in two parts<\/span>\u2192 \u0926\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n 3 years of Anganwadi \/ pre-school \/ Balvatika<\/strong> (ages 3\u20136) + 2 years in primary school, Grades 1\u20132<\/strong> (ages 6\u20138). Five years of flexible, multilevel, play- and activity-based learning<\/strong>.<\/span>3 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0906\u0901\u0917\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \/ \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \/ \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0935\u093e\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong> (\u0906\u092f\u0941 3\u20136) + 2 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 1\u20132<\/strong> (\u0906\u092f\u0941 6\u20138)\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f, \u0916\u0947\u0932- \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <div class=\"rung-eg\">Note<\/span>\u091f\u093f\u092a\u094d\u092a\u0923\u0940<\/span><\/b>This is the only stage that spans two institutions<\/strong> \u2014 Anganwadi and primary school \u2014 which is why the Policy insists Anganwadis be integrated into school complexes.<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0926\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong> \u2014 \u0906\u0901\u0917\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u2014 \u0907\u0938\u0940\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0906\u0901\u0917\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rung\">\n <div class=\"rung-step\">3<\/span>Ages 8\u201311<\/span>\u0906\u092f\u0941 8\u201311<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div>\n <h5>Preparatory Stage \u2014 Grades 3 to 5<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u2014 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 3 \u0938\u0947 5<\/span><\/h5>\n Builds on the play, discovery and activity-based<\/strong> style of the Foundational Stage, but begins to incorporate some light textbooks<\/strong> and aspects of more formal but interactive classroom learning<\/strong>, laying groundwork across reading, writing, speaking, physical education, art, languages, science and mathematics.<\/span>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0947\u0932, \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0920\u0928, \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0923, \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0915\u0932\u093e, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0902\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rung\">\n <div class=\"rung-step\">3<\/span>Ages 11\u201314<\/span>\u0906\u092f\u0941 11\u201314<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div>\n <h5>Middle Stage \u2014 Grades 6 to 8<\/span>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u2014 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 6 \u0938\u0947 8<\/span><\/h5>\n Introduces subject teachers<\/strong> for the learning and discussion of more abstract concepts<\/strong> across the sciences, mathematics, arts, social sciences and humanities. Experiential learning within each subject<\/strong>, and exploration of relations among subjects, is emphasized despite this specialization.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924, \u0915\u0932\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c-\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0932\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <div class=\"rung-eg\">What happens only here<\/span>\u091c\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092f\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/b>The 10-day bagless period<\/strong> with vocational interns; the fun course on vocational crafts<\/strong>; coding<\/strong> is introduced; and the 'Languages of India'<\/strong> project under Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat<\/em>.<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 10-\u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e-\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f<\/strong>; \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0930\u094b\u091a\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong>; \u0915\u094b\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d; \u0924\u0925\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 '\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901'<\/strong> \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rung\">\n <div class=\"rung-step\">4<\/span>Ages 14\u201318<\/span>\u0906\u092f\u0941 14\u201318<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div>\n <h5>Secondary Stage \u2014 Grades 9 to 12<\/span>\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u2014 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 9 \u0938\u0947 12<\/span> \u2192 in two phases<\/span>\u2192 \u0926\u094b \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n Four years of multidisciplinary study<\/strong> in two phases \u2014 9 and 10<\/strong> in the first, 11 and 12<\/strong> in the second \u2014 with greater depth, greater critical thinking, greater attention to life aspirations, and greater flexibility and student choice of subjects<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0926\u094b \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928<\/strong> \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 9 \u090f\u0935\u0902 10<\/strong>, \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 11 \u090f\u0935\u0902 12<\/strong> \u2014 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928, \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928-\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u091a\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a<\/strong> \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <div class=\"rung-eg\">The exit option<\/span>\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a<\/span><\/b>Students continue to have the option of exiting after Grade 10<\/strong> and re-entering in the next phase to pursue vocational or other courses in Grades 11\u201312, including at a more specialized school.<\/span>\u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 10 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0917\u0932\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 11\u201312 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The structure at a glance<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/h4>\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Stage<\/span>\u091a\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/th>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Years<\/span>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/span><\/th>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Grades<\/span>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/th>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Ages<\/span>\u0906\u092f\u0941<\/span><\/th>\n <th>Defining pedagogy<\/span>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">Foundational<\/span>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">5<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Anganwadi + 1\u20132<\/span>\u0906\u0901\u0917\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 + 1\u20132<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3\u20138<\/td><td>Play- and activity-based, multilevel, flexible<\/span>\u0916\u0947\u0932- \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f, \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">Preparatory<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3\u20135<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">8\u201311<\/td><td>Discovery-based, light textbooks introduced<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">Middle<\/span>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">6\u20138<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">11\u201314<\/td><td>Subject teachers; abstract concepts; experiential<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915; \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u092f; \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">Secondary<\/span>\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">4<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">9\u201312<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">14\u201318<\/td><td>Multidisciplinary depth; subject choice; two phases<\/span>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908; \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u091a\u092f\u0928; \u0926\u094b \u091a\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\ud83e\udde0<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n The justification to quote.<\/strong> The structure is not arbitrary \u2014 it follows the cognitive development of children<\/strong>. The Policy supports this with a striking figure: over 85% of a child's cumulative brain development occurs prior to the age of 6<\/strong>. That single statistic is the entire argument for extending the school structure down to age 3, and it is the most frequently asked number from Chapter 1 of the Policy.<\/span>\n \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0914\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0928\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u2014 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u092f\u0940 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e 85% \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917 6 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0906\u092f\u0941 3 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/section>\n\n\n \n <section class=\"chapter-content\" data-chap=\"2\">\n\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\">\n PART I<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0917 I<\/span><\/span>\n <h2>\n School Education<\/span>\n \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span>\n <\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"keyfact-grid\">\n <div class=\"keyfact-card navy-hi\">\n \ud83e\udde0<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">The Statistic Behind ECCE<\/span>ECCE \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930-\u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">85% before age 6<\/span>\u0906\u092f\u0941 6 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">Of a child's cumulative brain development \u2014 the entire case for starting at age 3<\/span>\u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u092f\u0940 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u2014 \u0906\u092f\u0941 3 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keyfact-card amber-hi\">\n \ud83d\udcd6<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">The Learning Crisis<\/span>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">5 crore<\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">Children in elementary school who have not attained foundational literacy and numeracy<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0908<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keyfact-card teal-hi\">\n \ud83c\udfaf<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">Universalization Target<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">100% GER by 2030<\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">Pre-school to secondary; and all children back in school by 2030<\/span>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915; \u0924\u0925\u093e 2030 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n2-1\">\n 2.1<\/span>\n <h3>Early Childhood Care and Education<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n Over 85% of a child's cumulative brain development occurs prior to the age of 6<\/strong>, indicating the critical importance of appropriate care and stimulation of the brain in the early years. The Policy therefore treats ECCE not as pre-school but as the first stage of school education<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u092f\u0940 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e 85% \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917 6 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f ECCE \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0905\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u091a\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"callout\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 What ECCE means in the Policy<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 ECCE \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/span><\/div>\n ECCE ideally consists of flexible, multi-faceted, multi-level, play-based, activity-based and inquiry-based learning<\/strong>, comprising alphabets, languages, numbers, counting, colours, shapes, indoor and outdoor play, puzzles and logical thinking, problem-solving, drawing, painting and other visual art, craft, drama and puppetry, music and movement. It also includes a focus on social capacities, sensitivity, good behaviour, courtesy, ethics, personal and public cleanliness, teamwork and cooperation<\/strong>.<\/span>\n ECCE \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0924\u0903 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0940, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f, \u0916\u0947\u0932-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0938\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092e\u093e\u0932\u093e, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e, \u0930\u0902\u0917, \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0916\u0947\u0932, \u092a\u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928, \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e-\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928, \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u0923, \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0932\u093e, \u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a, \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u092a\u0941\u0924\u0932\u0940, \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u0926\u094d\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930, \u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u0935\u0948\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e, \u0926\u0932\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The overall aim, and the framework<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/span><\/h4>\n \n The overall aim of ECCE is to attain optimal outcomes in the domains of physical and motor development, cognitive development, socio-emotional-ethical development, cultural\/artistic development, and the development of communication and early language, literacy and numeracy<\/strong>.<\/span>\n ECCE \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915-\u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915\/\u0915\u0932\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e, \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u092e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">NCPFECCE<\/span>A National Curricular and Pedagogical Framework for Early Childhood Care and Education<\/strong> will be developed by NCERT<\/strong> in two parts<\/strong> \u2014 for children up to age 3<\/strong>, and for children aged 3 to 8<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> NCERT<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u2014 3 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0924\u0915<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941, \u0924\u0925\u093e 3 \u0938\u0947 8 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Guide<\/span>\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915<\/span><\/span>The framework will serve as a guide both for parents<\/strong> and for early childhood care and education institutions<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0915\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Deadline<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e<\/span><\/span>Universal provisioning of quality early childhood development, care and education must be achieved by 2030<\/strong>, to ensure that all students entering Grade 1 are school-ready.<\/span>\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 2030 \u0924\u0915<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 1 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f-\u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941-\u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The four delivery modes<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"feat-grid\">\n <div class=\"feat-card\">1<\/span>Standalone Anganwadis<\/span>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u0906\u0901\u0917\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/strong>Strengthened with high-quality infrastructure, play equipment and well-trained workers. Anganwadi children will visit their school complex periodically.<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u0916\u0947\u0932-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0964 \u0906\u0901\u0917\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">2<\/span>Anganwadis co-located with primary schools<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0901\u0917\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/strong>Physically located within or adjacent to a primary school, allowing continuity between the two halves of the Foundational Stage.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u091f\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">3<\/span>Pre-primary sections in existing schools<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0917<\/span><\/strong>Added to primary schools, especially in socio-economically disadvantaged areas, covering at least age 5 to 6 \u2014 the Balvatika<\/strong> year.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e \u0906\u092f\u0941 5 \u0938\u0947 6 \u0924\u0915 \u2014 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0935\u093e\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong> \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">4<\/span>Standalone pre-schools<\/span>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/strong>Private, philanthropic or public, which will also employ workers trained in the NCPFECCE framework.<\/span>\u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940, \u092a\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915, \u091c\u094b NCPFECCE \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udccc Balvatika \u2014 the preparatory class<\/span>\ud83d\udccc \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0935\u093e\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u2014 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/div>\n Prior to age 5, every child will move to a Balvatika<\/strong> \u2014 that is, before Class 1 \u2014 which has an ECCE-qualified teacher<\/strong>. The learning in the Balvatika will be based primarily on play-based learning with a focus on developing cognitive, affective and psychomotor abilities and early literacy and numeracy<\/strong>. The mid-day meal programme will be extended to the pre-primary children of the Balvatika<\/strong>, along with health check-ups and growth monitoring.<\/span>\n \u0906\u092f\u0941 5 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0935\u093e\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e \u2014 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 1 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u2014 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 ECCE-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0935\u093e\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0916\u0947\u0932-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915, \u092d\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0935\u093e\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f-\u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u0940\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>Training of Anganwadi workers and teachers<\/span>\u0906\u0901\u0917\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/h4>\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>Existing qualification<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/th>\n <th>Training to be given<\/span>\u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td>Qualifications of 10+2 and above<\/span>10+2 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>A 6-month certificate programme<\/strong> in ECCE<\/span>ECCE \u092e\u0947\u0902 6-\u092e\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>Qualifications lower than 10+2<\/span>10+2 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>A one-year diploma programme<\/strong> covering early literacy, numeracy and other relevant aspects of ECCE<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 ECCE \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0915-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0921\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n \n These programmes will be run through digital or distance mode using DTH channels and smartphones, enabling workers to obtain the qualification with minimal disruption to their current work.<\/span>\n \u092f\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e DTH \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n The administrative point that is easy to miss.<\/strong> ECCE is unusual in being the responsibility of four ministries acting jointly<\/strong> \u2014 Education, Women and Child Development (WCD), Health and Family Welfare (HFW), and Tribal Affairs<\/strong>. A special joint task force<\/strong> will be constituted for continuous guidance of its implementation. Overall responsibility for planning and implementation of ECCE curriculum will vest with the Ministry of Education<\/strong>, to ensure continuity from pre-primary through primary.<\/span>\n \u0935\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u091b\u0942\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong> ECCE \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 (WCD), \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923 (HFW), \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong>\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092c\u0932<\/strong> \u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 ECCE \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938<\/strong> \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n2-2\">\n 2.2<\/span>\n <h3>Foundational Literacy and Numeracy<\/span>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout red\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\u26a0\ufe0f The crisis the Policy names<\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f<\/span><\/div>\n The Policy states plainly that the country is in a learning crisis<\/strong>: a large proportion of students currently in elementary school \u2014 estimated to be over 5 crore in number<\/strong> \u2014 have not attained foundational literacy and numeracy<\/strong>, that is, the ability to read and comprehend basic text and carry out basic addition and subtraction with Indian numerals<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u2014 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0903 5 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u2014 \u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0920 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c-\u0918\u091f\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/span>\n Attaining foundational literacy and numeracy for all children must become an immediate national mission<\/strong>, and will be given the highest priority<\/strong> \u2014 the rest of the Policy will be largely irrelevant for such students until this most basic learning requirement is first achieved.<\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940 \u2014 \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0928 \u0939\u094b, \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936\u0924\u0903 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">The Mission<\/span>\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/span><\/span>A National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy<\/strong> will be set up by the Ministry of Education<\/strong> on priority. All State governments will prepare an implementation plan by 2025<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902 2025 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928-\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">The Goal<\/span>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/span>Every student will attain foundational literacy and numeracy by Grade 3, by 2025.<\/strong> This is the Policy's single most urgent, time-bound target.<\/span>2025 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 3 \u0924\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c, \u0938\u092e\u092f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>How the Mission will work<\/span>\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e<\/span><\/h4>\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Lever<\/span>\u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What is proposed<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Teachers<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Teacher vacancies will be filled at the earliest<\/strong>, in a time-bound manner \u2014 especially in disadvantaged areas and areas with large pupil-to-teacher ratios or high rates of illiteracy. Local teachers or those with familiarity with local languages<\/strong> will be encouraged.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u0940\u0918\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0918\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u092f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0940 \u2014 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Pupil\u2013Teacher Ratio<\/span>\u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>A PTR of under 30:1<\/strong> will be ensured at the level of each school. In areas with large numbers of socio-economically disadvantaged students<\/strong>, a PTR of under 25:1<\/strong> will be maintained.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 30:1 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e PTR<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 25:1 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e<\/strong> PTR \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Peer tutoring<\/span>\u0938\u0939\u092a\u093e\u0920\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Peer tutoring<\/strong> as a voluntary and joyful activity for fellow students under the supervision of trained teachers and by taking support from the community.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u092a\u093e\u0920\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0948\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0928\u0902\u0926\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u092a\u093e\u0920\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">NTP<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>A National Tutors Programme<\/strong> \u2014 the best performers in each school<\/strong> will be drawn to become part-time tutors for their own school, for a few hours a week.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915<\/strong> \u0938\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0918\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0936\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">RIAP<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>A Remedial Instructional Aides Programme<\/strong> \u2014 instructors drawn from the local community, especially women<\/strong>, to support students who have fallen behind, ideally in the mother tongue.<\/span>\u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0938\u0947, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0924\u0903 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u0943\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Curriculum<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>A national repository of high-quality resources on foundational literacy and numeracy<\/strong> on DIKSHA; and increased focus on reading, writing, speaking, counting, arithmetic and mathematical thinking<\/strong> throughout the preparatory and middle stages.<\/span>DIKSHA \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930<\/strong>; \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0920\u0928, \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0923, \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e, \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Books<\/span>\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>A National Book Promotion Policy<\/strong> will be formulated, with public and school libraries expanded, digital libraries set up, and a Reading Mission<\/strong> to make India fully literate.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0920\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83c\udf4e Nutrition and health \u2014 the precondition of learning<\/span>\ud83c\udf4e \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u2014 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924<\/span><\/div>\n Children are unable to learn optimally when they are undernourished or unwell<\/strong>. The Policy therefore adds a physical dimension to the learning mission:<\/span>\n \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u092a\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u092e \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0940\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947<\/strong>\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/span>\n <ul class=\"split-list\" style=\"margin-top:10px;\">\n <li>1<\/span>The mid-day meal programme will be extended<\/strong> to include breakfast<\/strong>, since a simple but energizing breakfast morning enables productive study of cognitively demanding subjects.<\/span>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0903\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>2<\/span>Where hot meals are not possible, a simple but nutritious meal such as groundnuts or chana mixed with jaggery, and local fruits<\/strong>, may be provided.<\/span>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928 \u0939\u094b, \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0917\u0941\u0921\u093c \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0901\u0917\u092b\u0932\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u091a\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092b\u0932<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094c\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>3<\/span>All school children will undergo regular health check-ups, especially for 100% immunization<\/strong>, and health cards will be issued<\/strong> with regular monitoring.<\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 100% \u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>4<\/span>Trained social workers, counsellors and community involvement<\/strong> will be brought into the schooling system.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e, \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n2-3\">\n 2.3<\/span>\n <h3>Dropout Rates and Universal Access<\/span>\u0905\u092a\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0926\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n One of the primary goals of the schooling system must be to ensure that children are enrolled in and are attending school<\/strong>. The Policy quotes the Gross Enrolment Ratio figures that show where the system leaks.<\/span>\n \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0902<\/strong>\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0930\u093f\u0938\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"scale-strip\">\n <div class=\"scale-step\">\n 1\u20135<\/span>\n <h6>Near universal<\/span>\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915<\/span><\/h6>\n Enrolment at the primary stage is close to complete.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"scale-step\">\n 6\u20138<\/span>\n <h6>90.9 %<\/h6>\n GER falls as soon as the middle stage begins.<\/span>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0940 GER \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"scale-step\">\n 9\u201310<\/span>\n <h6>79.3 %<\/h6>\n A further sharp fall at the secondary stage.<\/span>\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"scale-step\">\n 11\u201312<\/span>\n <h6>56.5 %<\/h6>\n Barely half remain \u2014 the steepest loss in the system.<\/span>\u092e\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u0947 \u0936\u0947\u0937 \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n Figures for 2017\u201318. Approximately 3.22 crore children<\/strong> were out of school as per the U-DISE 2015\u201316 data \u2014 the majority from socio-economically disadvantaged groups.<\/span>\n \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 2017\u201318 \u0915\u0947\u0964 U-DISE 2015\u201316 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 3.22 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0925\u0947 \u2014 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <h4>The two-part initiative<\/span>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f-\u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0939\u0932<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"pc-grid\">\n <div class=\"pc-panel neu\">\n <div class=\"pc-head\">1<\/span>Provide effective and sufficient infrastructure<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <ul>\n <li>Ensure all students have access to safe and engaging school education at all levels from pre-primary to Grade 12<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0932\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Upgrade and build new schools where needed<\/strong>, and construct hostels<\/strong>, particularly for students from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds.<\/span>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u092f\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Provide safe and practical conveyance<\/strong>, and use alternative forms of schooling<\/strong> where required.<\/span>\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Deploy school complexes<\/strong> to share resources across a group of schools.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932<\/strong> \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"pc-panel neu\">\n <div class=\"pc-head\">2<\/span>Achieve universal participation by tracking students<\/span>\u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <ul>\n <li>Track students as well as their learning levels<\/strong>, ensuring they are enrolled in and attending school, and have suitable opportunities to catch up and re-enter if they have fallen behind or dropped out.<\/span>\u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923<\/strong>, \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Strengthen and expand the open schooling system of NIOS and State Open Schools<\/strong>, offering courses equivalent to Grades 3, 5 and 8<\/strong> and secondary education programmes equivalent to Grades 10 and 12<\/strong>.<\/span>NIOS \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 3, 5 \u090f\u0935\u0902 8<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 10 \u090f\u0935\u0902 12<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Deploy counsellors, well-trained social workers and teachers<\/strong> to work with communities and continuously monitor attendance.<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Make the curriculum more engaging and useful<\/strong>, and provide targeted scholarships<\/strong>, since irrelevant curriculum is itself a cause of dropout.<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\ud83c\udfaf<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n The two targets to quote together.<\/strong> The Policy commits to achieving 100% Gross Enrolment Ratio in preschool to secondary level by 2030<\/strong>, and to bringing back the 2 crore out-of-school children into the mainstream<\/strong> through open schooling and strengthened infrastructure. Note the deliberate order: infrastructure first makes attendance possible<\/em>; tracking and curriculum reform make it worthwhile<\/em>. Access without engagement produces enrolment without learning.<\/span>\n \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0926\u094b \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/strong> \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f 2030 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0924\u0915 100% \u0938\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e 2 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f-\u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u092c\u0942\u091d\u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902: \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935<\/em> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e-\u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915<\/em> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n2-4\">\n 2.4<\/span>\n <h3>Curriculum and Pedagogy in Schools<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udccc The governing instruction<\/span>\ud83d\udccc \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/span><\/div>\n Curriculum content will be reduced in each subject to its core essentials<\/strong>, to make space for critical thinking and more holistic, inquiry-based, discovery-based, discussion-based and analysis-based learning<\/strong>. The mandated content will focus on key concepts, ideas, applications and problem-solving<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e-\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u093e\u0908<\/strong> \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930, \u091c\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0938\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/strong> \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0964 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e-\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>A. Flexibility and the end of hard separations<\/span>\u0915. \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924<\/span><\/h4>\n <ul class=\"icon-list\">\n <li>\u25b8<\/span>Students will be given increased flexibility and choice of subjects<\/strong>, particularly in secondary school, including in physical education, the arts and crafts, and vocational skills.<\/span>\u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a<\/strong> \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>\u25b8<\/span>There will be no hard separation among curricular, extracurricular or co-curricular areas<\/strong>, among arts, humanities and sciences, or between vocational and academic streams.<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e, \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924-\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u0939-\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a, \u0915\u0932\u093e, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a, \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>\u25b8<\/span>Subjects such as physical education, the arts and crafts, and vocational skills<\/strong>, in addition to science, humanities and mathematics, will be incorporated throughout the school curriculum<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>\u25b8<\/span>A student who wishes to take up physics along with fashion designing, or chemistry along with music<\/strong>, or bakery along with mathematics, will be able to do so.<\/span>\u091c\u094b \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092b\u093c\u0948\u0936\u0928 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928<\/strong>, \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0947\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947, \u0935\u0939 \u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <h4>B. Experiential learning and key curricular additions<\/span>\u0916. \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"feat-grid\">\n <div class=\"feat-card\">1<\/span>Experiential learning throughout<\/span>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/span><\/strong>In all stages, including hands-on learning, arts-integrated and sports-integrated education, and story-telling-based pedagogy<\/strong>, as standard classroom practice within each subject.<\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e, \u0915\u0932\u093e-\u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0916\u0947\u0932-\u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0925\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">2<\/span>The 10-day bagless period<\/span>10-\u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e-\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f<\/span><\/strong>In Grades 6\u20138<\/strong>, every student takes a fun course that gives a survey and hands-on experience of vocational crafts<\/strong>, and participates in a 10-day bagless period<\/strong> interning with local vocational experts such as carpenters, gardeners, potters and artists.<\/span>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 6\u20138<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u091a\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0932\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0908, \u092e\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u0915\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 10-\u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e-\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">3<\/span>Vocational education from Grade 6<\/span>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 6 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/strong>Vocational exposure will begin in Grade 6<\/strong> and continue through the school years, with internships. The target: at least 50% of learners exposed to vocational education by 2025<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 6 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f: 2025 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e 50% \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0924<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">4<\/span>Coding and computational thinking<\/span>\u0915\u094b\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928<\/span><\/strong>Contemporary subjects such as Artificial Intelligence, Design Thinking, Holistic Health, Organic Living, Environmental Education and Global Citizenship Education<\/strong> will be introduced; coding will be introduced in Grade 6<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0925\u093f\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f, \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928, \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947; \u0915\u094b\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 6 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>C. Language \u2014 the three-language formula<\/span>\u0917. \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u2014 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The medium of instruction<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e<\/span><\/div>\n Wherever possible, until at least Grade 5, but preferably till Grade 8 and beyond<\/strong>, the medium of instruction will be the home language \/ mother tongue \/ local language \/ regional language<\/strong>. Thereafter, the home or local language shall continue to be taught as a language wherever possible. This applies to both public and private schools<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b, \u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 5 \u0924\u0915, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 8 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u0915<\/strong>, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0918\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \/ \u092e\u093e\u0924\u0943\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \/ \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \/ \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0918\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <ul class=\"split-list\">\n <li>1<\/span>The three-language formula<\/strong> will continue to be implemented, keeping in mind the Constitutional provisions, aspirations of the people, regions and the Union, and the need to promote multilingualism and national unity.<\/span>\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902, \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0918 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>2<\/span>There will be greater flexibility<\/strong> in the three-language formula, and no language will be imposed on any State<\/strong>. The three languages learned by children will be the choices of States, regions, and of the students themselves<\/strong>, so long as at least two of the three are native to India<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0925\u094b\u092a\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940<\/strong>\u0964 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940, \u092c\u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e \u0926\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>3<\/span>Students may change one or more of the three languages they are studying in Grade 6 or Grade 7<\/strong>, so long as they demonstrate basic proficiency in three languages, including one language of India at the literature level, by the end of secondary school.<\/span>\u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 6 \u092f\u093e 7 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928\u0930\u0924 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/strong>, \u092c\u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0924\u0915 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0923\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>4<\/span>Sanskrit<\/strong> will be offered at all levels as an important, enriching option, including as an option in the three-language formula. Indian Sign Language (ISL) will be standardized<\/strong> across the country, and National and State curriculum materials developed for use by students with hearing impairment.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924<\/strong> \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923, \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e (ISL) \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0936\u092d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0923-\u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>5<\/span>Classical languages and literatures of India \u2014 including Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Pali, Persian and Prakrit<\/strong> \u2014 will be widely available in schools as options.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u2014 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924, \u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932, \u0924\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0917\u0941, \u0915\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0921\u093c, \u092e\u0932\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092e, \u0913\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f, \u092b\u093c\u093e\u0930\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2014 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>6<\/span>Under Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat<\/em>, a fun project or activity on 'The Languages of India'<\/strong> will be undertaken by every student sometime in Grades 6\u20138<\/strong>.<\/span>\u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 6\u20138 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928<\/strong> '\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901'<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u091a\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">NCFSE<\/span>A new and comprehensive National Curriculum Framework for School Education<\/strong> will be developed by NCERT<\/strong>, and will be revisited and updated once every 5\u201310 years<\/strong>, taking into account frontline curriculum needs.<\/span>\u0928\u0908 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> NCERT<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e-\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 5\u201310 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Textbooks<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/span>Textbooks will contain the essential core material deemed important on a national level<\/strong>, along with supplementary material as per local contexts and needs<\/strong>, and will be made available in digital and printed formats at the lowest possible cost<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0947 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n2-5\">\n 2.5<\/span>\n <h3>Transforming Assessment for Student Development<\/span>\u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout red\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\u26a0\ufe0f The shift the Policy demands<\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928<\/span><\/div>\n The aim of assessment in the culture of the schooling system will shift from one that is summative and primarily tests rote memorization skills<\/strong> to one that is more regular and formative, is more competency-based, promotes learning and development, and tests higher-order skills such as analysis, critical thinking and conceptual clarity<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0930\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947<\/strong> \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u091f\u0915\u0930 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0939\u094b, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923, \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u0916\u0947<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>A. The 360-degree Holistic Progress Card<\/span>\u0915. 360-\u0905\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915<\/span><\/h4>\n \n The progress card of all students<\/strong> for school-based assessment will be completely redesigned<\/strong>. It will be a holistic, 360-degree, multidimensional report<\/strong> that reflects in great detail the progress as well as the uniqueness of each learner in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915<\/strong> \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930, 360-\u0905\u0902\u0936, \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u094b \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915, \u092d\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u0902\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n <div class=\"domain-grid\">\n <div class=\"domain-card cog\">\n <div class=\"dm-icon\">\ud83e\ude9e<\/div>\n Self-assessment<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0935-\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928<\/span><\/span>\n <h5>By the student<\/span>\u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/span><\/h5>\n The student reflects on his own learning, goals and progress \u2014 making assessment itself a tool of learning.<\/span>\u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e, \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"domain-card aff\">\n <div class=\"dm-icon\">\ud83d\udc65<\/div>\n Peer assessment<\/span>\u0938\u0939\u092a\u093e\u0920\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928<\/span><\/span>\n <h5>By classmates<\/span>\u0938\u0939\u092a\u093e\u0920\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/span><\/h5>\n Fellow students contribute to the picture, developing the capacity to give and receive constructive feedback.<\/span>\u0938\u0939\u092a\u093e\u0920\u0940 \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"domain-card psy\">\n <div class=\"dm-icon\">\ud83d\udc69\u200d\ud83c\udfeb<\/div>\n Teacher assessment<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928<\/span><\/span>\n <h5>By the teacher<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/span><\/h5>\n The professional judgement that anchors the other two, informed by continuous classroom observation.<\/span>\u0935\u0939 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n The progress card will be an important link between home and school<\/strong> and will be accompanied by parent-teacher meetings. AI-based software will be developed to help track growth and make optimal choices of career, learning and profession.<\/span>\n \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0918\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0921\u093c\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u092e \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 AI-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u093c\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <h4>B. The three census examinations and Board reform<\/span>\u0916. \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u091c\u0928\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e-\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/h4>\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Element<\/span>\u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What the Policy provides<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Census exams<\/span>\u091c\u0928\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e-\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>To track progress throughout the school years, all students will take school examinations in Grades 3, 5 and 8<\/strong>, conducted by the appropriate authority. The Grade 3 examination in particular<\/strong> would test basic literacy, numeracy and other foundational skills.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 3, 5 \u090f\u0935\u0902 8 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 3 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u0916\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Board exams<\/span>\u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Board exams for Grades 10 and 12 will continue<\/strong>, but will be redesigned<\/strong>. They will test primarily core capacities and competencies rather than months of coaching and memorization<\/strong>. Any student may take them on up to two occasions during any given school year<\/strong> \u2014 one main examination and one for improvement.<\/span>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 10 \u090f\u0935\u0902 12<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0940<\/strong>, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u092a\u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0926\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930<\/strong> \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Exam design<\/span>\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Boards may over time develop further models, such as a system of semester or modular Board Examinations<\/strong>, and offering exams in two parts \u2014 objective type and descriptive type<\/strong>. Subjects may be offered at two levels \u2014 standard and higher<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0926\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u2014 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915<\/strong> \u2014 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0926\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u2014 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u0930<\/strong> \u2014 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">NAS<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>To institute an overall culture of assessing learning outcomes, the National Achievement Survey<\/strong> will continue, along with State Assessment Surveys, sample-based and census-based as appropriate.<\/span>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/strong> \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u092f\u0925\u094b\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0928\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr style=\"background:#fff9ef;\">\n <td class=\"narrow\">PARAKH<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>A National Assessment Centre \u2014 PARAKH (Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development)<\/strong> \u2014 will be set up as a standard-setting body<\/strong> under the Ministry of Education. It will set norms, standards and guidelines for student assessment for all recognized school boards, guide the State Achievement Surveys, undertake the National Achievement Survey, monitor the achievement of learning outcomes, and encourage and help school boards to shift their assessment patterns towards meeting the skill requirements of the 21st century<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u2014 PARAKH (\u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928-\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928, \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923)<\/strong> \u2014 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b 21\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932-\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\ud83c\udf93<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n Two entrance-related points that belong with this section.<\/strong> First, the National Testing Agency (NTA)<\/strong> will work to offer a high-quality common aptitude test<\/strong>, as well as specialized common subject exams in the sciences, humanities, languages, arts and vocational subjects, at least twice every year<\/strong>. Second, the purpose is explicit: to eliminate the need for coaching classes<\/strong>, since universities will be able to use the common test rather than conducting hundreds of separate entrance examinations. Note how this connects to the Board reform above \u2014 both attack the same target, the coaching culture.<\/span>\n \u0907\u0938 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936-\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0964<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e, \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 (NTA)<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e, \u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e \u0926\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0948: \u0915\u094b\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong>, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0948\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921-\u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f, \u0915\u094b\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f, \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n2-6\">\n 2.6<\/span>\n <h3>Teachers<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The Policy's opening claim about teachers<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0925\u0928<\/span><\/div>\n Teachers truly shape the future of our children \u2014 and, therefore, the future of our nation.<\/strong> Because of this most noble role, the teacher in India was the most respected member of society. The Policy states bluntly that the quality of teacher education, recruitment, deployment, service conditions and empowerment of teachers is not where it should be<\/strong>, and that the status of the teacher must be restored to the highest<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924\u0903 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2014 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0924\u092e \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u092d\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940, \u0924\u0948\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940, \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e-\u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Area<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What the Policy provides<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Minimum degree<\/span>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>By 2030, the minimum degree qualification for teaching will be a 4-year integrated B.Ed.<\/strong> degree that teaches a range of knowledge content and pedagogy and includes strong practicum training in the form of student-teaching at local schools.<\/span>2030 \u0924\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e 4-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092c\u0940.\u090f\u0921.<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Recruitment<\/span>\u092d\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>TET<\/strong> will be strengthened and extended to cover teachers across all stages<\/strong> \u2014 Foundational, Preparatory, Middle and Secondary. Subject teachers must also demonstrate subject knowledge through the relevant TET or NTA test. A classroom demonstration or interview<\/strong> will become an integral part of recruitment, to assess passion and motivation for teaching as well as comfort with the local language.<\/span>TET<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u2014 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915, \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 TET \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e NTA \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u091c\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u092d\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Merit scholarships<\/span>\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Merit-based scholarships<\/strong> will be instituted across the country for studying 4-year integrated B.Ed. programmes, with preferential scholarships in rural areas<\/strong> \u2014 with a guarantee of employment in the local area, especially to female candidates<\/strong>, so that they become local role models.<\/span>4-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092c\u0940.\u090f\u0921. \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u092d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u2014 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u093c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u0930\u0902\u091f\u0940, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b<\/strong>, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Transfers<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Transfers of teachers will be halted<\/strong> except in very special circumstances, since transfers disrupt learning communities. Where necessary, transfers will be conducted through an online computerized system that ensures transparency<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0930\u094b\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947<\/strong>, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">CPD<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Each teacher will be expected to participate in at least 50 hours of continuous professional development (CPD) opportunities every year<\/strong>, driven by their own interests, covering pedagogy, competency-based learning, foundational literacy and numeracy, and education of children with disabilities.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e 50 \u0918\u0902\u091f\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 (CPD) \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0932\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e, \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">NPST<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>A common guiding set of National Professional Standards for Teachers<\/strong> will be developed by 2022<\/strong> by the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE)<\/strong> in its restructured new form as a Professional Standard Setting Body under the General Education Council, in consultation with NCERT, SCERTs, teachers and expert organizations. It will cover expectations of the role at each stage, competencies required, and performance appraisal for each stage \u2014 and will be reviewed and revised in 2030<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091a\u092f 2022 \u0924\u0915<\/strong> \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d (NCTE)<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u090f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902, NCERT, SCERT, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e-\u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928-\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u2014 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 2030 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Career progression<\/span>\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>A robust merit-based structure of tenure, promotion and salary structure<\/strong> will be developed, with multiple levels within each teacher stage. Vertical mobility based on merit<\/strong> will allow outstanding teachers to become educational administrators or teacher educators \u2014 but moving to an administrative position will not entail higher pay<\/strong>, to ensure that all levels of teaching have equal parity.<\/span>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932, \u092a\u0926\u094b\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928-\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0917\u0940 \u2014 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Non-teaching duties<\/span>\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Teachers will not be engaged any longer in strenuous administrative tasks and more than a rationalized minimum time for mid-day meal related work<\/strong>, so that they may focus more on their teaching-learning duties.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0905\u092c \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947<\/strong>, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923-\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n2-7\">\n 2.7<\/span>\n <h3>Equitable and Inclusive Education<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The principle, and the term to memorize<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0902\u0920\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0926<\/span><\/div>\n Education is the single greatest tool for achieving social justice and equality<\/strong>. The Policy groups all under-represented groups under one term \u2014 Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Groups (SEDGs)<\/strong> \u2014 and states that bridging the social category gaps in access, participation and learning outcomes will continue to be one of the major goals<\/strong> of all education sector development programmes.<\/span>\n \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 (SEDGs)<\/strong> \u2014 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a, \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u091f\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The five categories of SEDG<\/span>SEDG \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"feat-grid\">\n <div class=\"feat-card\">1<\/span>Gender identities<\/span>\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/strong>Female and transgender individuals<\/strong>. Gender cuts across all other categories, which is why it is treated separately through the Gender-Inclusion Fund.<\/span>\u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong>\u0964 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0940\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915-\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0937 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">2<\/span>Socio-cultural identities<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/strong>Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, OBCs and minorities<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f, OBC \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">3<\/span>Geographical identities<\/span>\u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/strong>Students from villages, small towns and aspirational districts<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935\u094b\u0902, \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0915\u0938\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">4<\/span>Disabilities<\/span>\u0926\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong>Including learning disabilities<\/strong>, covered under the RPwD Act 2016<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924, \u091c\u094b RPwD \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e 2016<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">5<\/span>Socio-economic conditions<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0936\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/strong>Migrant communities, low income households, children in vulnerable situations, victims of trafficking, orphans<\/strong> including child beggars in urban areas, and the urban poor.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f, \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928 \u0906\u092f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930, \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915, \u0924\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0905\u0928\u093e\u0925<\/strong> \u2014 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2014 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The principal measures<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Gender-Inclusion Fund<\/span>\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915-\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0937<\/span><\/span>A Gender-Inclusion Fund<\/strong> will be constituted by the Government of India to build the nation's capacity to provide equitable quality education to all girls as well as transgender students<\/strong>. States will use it for sanitation and toilets, bicycles, conditional cash transfers and the like.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915-\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0937<\/strong> \u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0964 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u094c\u091a\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0915\u093f\u0932, \u0938\u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0915\u0926 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Special Education Zones<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/span>Special Education Zones (SEZs)<\/strong> will be set up in regions with large populations from educationally disadvantaged SEDGs<\/strong>, where all schemes and policies are implemented through additional concerted effort.<\/span>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 SEDGs \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (SEZ)<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Children with disabilities<\/span>\u0926\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915<\/span><\/span>The Policy fully recognizes the RPwD Act 2016<\/strong>. Children with disabilities will be enabled to fully participate in the regular schooling process from the foundational stage to higher education<\/strong>, with support of educators with cross-disability training, resource centres, accommodations, assistive devices, appropriate technology-based tools<\/strong> and other support mechanisms tailored to their needs.<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f RPwD \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e 2016<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u0926\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928, \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e-\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Alternative schooling<\/span>\u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/span>Institutions such as Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas and Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBVs)<\/strong> will be strengthened and expanded, with KGBVs extended up to Grade 12<\/strong>. Free boarding facilities<\/strong> will be built matching the standard of JNVs.<\/span>\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u094b\u0926\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u0930\u092c\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f (KGBV)<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e KGBV \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u0924\u0915<\/strong> \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947\u0964 JNV \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n2-8\">\n 2.8<\/span>\n <h3>School Complexes and Efficient Governance<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\u26a0\ufe0f The problem being solved<\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/div>\n A key issue is the large number of small schools<\/strong>, which makes it economically suboptimal and operationally complex<\/strong> to run good schools \u2014 teachers for every subject, physics laboratories, art rooms and sports equipment cannot be provided in a school of 50 pupils. The Policy's answer is not to close schools<\/strong>, but to group them<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0924\u092e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932<\/strong> \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 50 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915, \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e, \u0915\u0932\u093e-\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0916\u0947\u0932-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong>, \u0905\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"flow-wrap\">\n <div class=\"flow-note\">\n \ud83c\udfeb The idea is not new \u2014 the Education Commission (1964\u201366)<\/strong> under Dr J. P. Naik<\/strong> had recommended the school complex as a way to overcome the isolation of schools. The Policy revives it.<\/span>\n \ud83c\udfeb \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u2014 \u0921\u0949. \u091c\u0947. \u092a\u0940. \u0928\u093e\u0907\u0915<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917 (1964\u201366)<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0915\u0940\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-steps\">\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 1<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Group the schools<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u0928<\/span><\/strong>\n States\/UTs will group schools into a school complex or cluster<\/strong> \u2014 a secondary school together with all other schools offering lower grades in its neighbourhood, including Anganwadis<\/strong>, within a radius of five to ten kilometres.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\/\u0938\u0902\u0918 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u2014 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0906\u0901\u0917\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924<\/strong>, \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 2<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Share resources across the complex<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/strong>\n Sharing of teachers \u2014 including art, music, language, vocational and physical education teachers \u2014 libraries, ICT equipment, laboratories, sports equipment and counsellors<\/strong> across the complex, so that no single school must own everything.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u2014 \u0915\u0932\u093e, \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u2014 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902, ICT \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0916\u0947\u0932-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 3<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Make it the unit of governance<\/span>\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/strong>\n The school complex becomes a semi-autonomous unit<\/strong>, with a School Complex Management Committee (SCMC)<\/strong> alongside School Management Committees, improving governance by reducing the number of units the administration must deal with.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f (SCMC)<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 4<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Build professional communities<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/span><\/strong>\n Teachers across the complex form a vibrant professional community<\/strong>, sharing practice and reducing the isolation that small schools impose on their teachers.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0902\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0915\u0940\u092a\u0928 \u0918\u091f\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0925\u094b\u092a\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n2-9\">\n 2.9<\/span>\n <h3>Standard-setting and Accreditation for School Education<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout red\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\u26a0\ufe0f The conflict of interest being removed<\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/div>\n At present the same body \u2014 the Department of School Education \u2014 provides the public education service, and also regulates, operates, and sets standards for it<\/strong>. This leads to inefficiency and conflict of interest: a department cannot honestly regulate itself. The Policy's answer is a clear, four-way separation of powers<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u2014 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u2014 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928, \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0935 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0908\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f, \u091a\u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Function<\/span>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/th>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Body<\/span>\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What it does<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Policy-making<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Department of School Education<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>The apex body responsible for overall monitoring and policy-making<\/strong> for continual improvement of the public education system; it will not itself run schools.<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f; \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Operations<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td class=\"narrow\">DSE<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>The Directorate of School Education<\/strong>, an independent body, will handle the running of the public schooling system<\/strong> \u2014 service provision, not regulation.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong>, \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0917\u093e \u2014 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928, \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr style=\"background:#fff9ef;\">\n <td class=\"narrow\">Regulation<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td class=\"narrow\">SSSA<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>The State School Standards Authority<\/strong> \u2014 an independent, State-wide body that establishes a minimal set of standards<\/strong> based on basic parameters, which all schools, public and private alike, will follow<\/strong>. It will operate through a public disclosure system rather than inspection: all schools will disclose specified information publicly on a website<\/strong>, with audit and public disclosure<\/strong> as the basic tools of regulation.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091a\u092f<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947, \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947<\/strong>\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e: \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0935\u0947\u092c\u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Academic standards<\/span>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td class=\"narrow\">SCERT<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>The State Council of Educational Research and Training<\/strong> will develop a School Quality Assessment and Accreditation Framework (SQAAF)<\/strong> through consultations with all stakeholders, and will lead academic standard-setting, curriculum and pedagogy.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e (SQAAF)<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923, \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\u2696\ufe0f<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n The sentence that ties Part I together.<\/strong> The same logic \u2014 separating the provider from the regulator<\/strong> \u2014 reappears in higher education as the HECI<\/strong> with its four independent verticals. Recognizing that both halves of the Policy apply one principle of governance is what turns a list of bodies into an argument, and it is the kind of connection that distinguishes a strong long answer from a recital of acronyms.<\/span>\n \u0935\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u091c\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0917 I \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong> \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u2014 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 HECI<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/section>\n\n\n \n <section class=\"chapter-content\" data-chap=\"3\">\n\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\">\n PART II<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0917 II<\/span><\/span>\n <h2>\n Higher Education<\/span>\n \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span>\n <\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"keyfact-grid\">\n <div class=\"keyfact-card navy-hi\">\n \ud83d\udcc8<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">GER Target<\/span>GER \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">26.3% \u2192 50% by 2035<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">Including vocational education; requires roughly 3.5 crore new seats<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924; \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 3.5 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0928\u0908 \u0938\u0940\u091f\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keyfact-card teal-hi\">\n \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">One Regulator<\/span>\u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">HECI<\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">Four independent verticals \u2014 NHERC, NAC, HEGC, GEC \u2014 replacing the present tangle<\/span>\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u2014 NHERC, NAC, HEGC, GEC \u2014 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0932\u091d\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keyfact-card amber-hi\">\n \ud83d\udd2c<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">Research Spend<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">0.69% of GDP<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">India's spend on research and innovation \u2014 the gap the NRF is meant to close<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u2014 \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 NRF \u092a\u093e\u091f\u0947\u0917\u093e<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-1\">\n 3.1<\/span>\n <h3>Vision and the Problems of Higher Education<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 What higher education must do<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/div>\n Higher education plays an extremely important role in promoting human as well as societal well-being<\/strong> and in developing India as envisioned in its Constitution \u2014 a democratic, just, socially conscious, cultured and humane nation upholding liberty, equality, fraternity and justice for all<\/strong>. It must enable personal accomplishment and enlightenment, constructive public engagement and productive contribution to society<\/strong>, and prepare students for more meaningful and satisfying lives and work roles<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915, \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u091a\u0947\u0924, \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092c\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e, \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u094b\u0927\u0928, \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f-\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The ten problems the Policy identifies<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/h4>\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">#<\/th>\n <th>Problem in the current system<\/span>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">1<\/td><td>A severely fragmented higher educational ecosystem<\/strong> \u2014 too many small, single-stream institutions.<\/span>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u2014 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947, \u090f\u0915\u0932-\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">2<\/td><td>Less emphasis on the development of cognitive skills and learning outcomes<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u092c\u0932<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">3<\/td><td>A rigid separation of disciplines<\/strong>, with early specialization and streaming of students into narrow areas of study.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong>, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u0940\u0918\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">4<\/td><td>Limited access<\/strong>, particularly in socio-economically disadvantaged areas, with few HEIs that teach in local languages<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a<\/strong>, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 HEI \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">5<\/td><td>Limited teacher and institutional autonomy<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">6<\/td><td>Inadequate mechanisms for merit-based career management and progression<\/strong> of faculty and institutional leaders.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">7<\/td><td>Lesser emphasis on research<\/strong> at most universities and colleges, and lack of competitive peer-reviewed research funding across disciplines.<\/span>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u092c\u0932<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940-\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928-\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">8<\/td><td>Suboptimal governance and leadership<\/strong> of HEIs.<\/span>HEI \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0924\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">9<\/td><td>An ineffective regulatory system<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">10<\/td><td>Large affiliating universities<\/strong> resulting in low standards of undergraduate education.<\/span>\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong>, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\ud83d\udd17<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n How to use this list in an answer.<\/strong> Every major proposal in Part II is a direct answer to one of these ten problems. Fragmentation is answered by multidisciplinary institutions<\/strong>; rigid separation by the 4-year holistic Bachelor's<\/strong>; limited autonomy by graded autonomy and Boards of Governors<\/strong>; weak research by the NRF<\/strong>; the ineffective regulator by HECI<\/strong>; and large affiliating universities by the phasing out of affiliation<\/strong>. Pairing each problem with its remedy converts a memorized list into a structured argument.<\/span>\n \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0917 II \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong>; \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e 4-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915<\/strong>; \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932<\/strong>; \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0932 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e NRF<\/strong>; \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u093e HECI<\/strong>; \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong>\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u0920\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-2\">\n 3.2<\/span>\n <h3>Institutional Restructuring and Consolidation<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0947\u0915\u0928<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n The Policy's central structural aim is to end the fragmentation of higher education<\/strong> by transforming HEIs into large multidisciplinary universities, colleges and HEI clusters\/knowledge hubs<\/strong>, each of which will aim to have 3,000 or more students<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f HEI \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 HEI \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902\/\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 3,000 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"ladder\">\n <div class=\"rung\">\n <div class=\"rung-step\">1<\/span>RU<\/span><\/div>\n <div>\n <h5>Research-intensive Universities<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/h5>\n Give equally high priority to research and teaching<\/strong>. These are the institutions that will drive the knowledge creation the NRF funds.<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b NRF \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rung\">\n <div class=\"rung-step\">2<\/span>TU<\/span><\/div>\n <div>\n <h5>Teaching-intensive Universities<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/h5>\n Place greater emphasis on teaching<\/strong> but still conduct significant research. The distinction is one of emphasis, not of quality or status<\/strong> \u2014 a point the Policy makes explicitly.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0932<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0947\u0926 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u2014 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rung\">\n <div class=\"rung-step\">3<\/span>AC<\/span><\/div>\n <div>\n <h5>Autonomous degree-granting Colleges<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/h5>\n Large multidisciplinary institutions of higher learning granting undergraduate degrees, primarily focused on undergraduate teaching<\/strong>, and not affiliated to any university<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947<\/strong> \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928, \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0902<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">By 2030<\/span>2030 \u0924\u0915<\/span><\/span>There shall be at least one large multidisciplinary HEI in or near every district<\/strong>, and more HEIs will teach in local\/Indian languages<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 HEI<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 HEI \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f\/\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">MERUs<\/span>Multidisciplinary Education and Research Universities<\/strong> will be set up and will aim to attain the highest global standards in quality education<\/strong>, at par with IITs and IIMs, and will help set the highest standards for multidisciplinary education across India.<\/span>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0914\u0930 IIT \u0924\u0925\u093e IIM \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u092e \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Affiliation<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/span>The affiliated college system will be phased out in a period of 15 years<\/strong> through a stage-wise mechanism of granting graded autonomy<\/strong>. Every college will develop over time into either an autonomous degree-granting College<\/strong> or a constituent college of a university<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 15 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0917\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0918\u091f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">'University'<\/span>'\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f'<\/span><\/span>The term 'university'<\/strong> will be allowed to be used by an institution fulfilling the criteria, but the present nomenclature of deemed to be university, affiliating university, affiliating technical university and unitary university shall be replaced simply by 'university'<\/strong>.<\/span>'\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f'<\/strong> \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 '\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f'<\/strong> \u0932\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-3\">\n 3.3<\/span>\n <h3>Holistic and Multidisciplinary Education<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n The Policy grounds this in Indian tradition: ancient Indian universities such as Takshashila and Nalanda<\/strong> educated students in 64 kalaas or arts<\/strong>, which included not only subjects such as chemistry and mathematics but also singing, painting, medicine and engineering. The idea that a rounded education is superior to a narrow one is presented as a recovery, not an import<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong> \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b 64 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0905\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0941 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u0928, \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e, \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u0906\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83c\udf93 The four-year Bachelor's with multiple exit<\/span>\ud83c\udf93 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u093e\u0930-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915<\/span><\/div>\n The undergraduate degree will be of either 3 or 4-year duration<\/strong>, with multiple exit options within this period, with appropriate certification<\/strong>. Higher education institutions will have the flexibility to offer different designs of Master's programmes.<\/span>\n \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f 3 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e 4 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"scale-strip\">\n <div class=\"scale-step\">\n 1 yr<\/span>\n <h6>Certificate<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/h6>\n A certificate after completing 1 year in a discipline or field, including vocational and professional areas.<\/span>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"scale-step\">\n 2 yr<\/span>\n <h6>Diploma<\/span>\u0921\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u093e<\/span><\/h6>\n A diploma after 2 years of study.<\/span>2 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0921\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"scale-step\">\n 3 yr<\/span>\n <h6>Bachelor's<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915<\/span><\/h6>\n A Bachelor's degree after a 3-year programme.<\/span>3-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"scale-step\">\n 4 yr<\/span>\n <h6>Bachelor's with Research<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915<\/span><\/h6>\n The preferred option<\/strong>; allows a major with research if the student completes a rigorous research project in the major.<\/span>\u0935\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a<\/strong>; \u092f\u0926\u093f \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0947 \u0924\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">ABC<\/span>An Academic Bank of Credit<\/strong> will be established to digitally store the academic credits earned from various recognized HEIs<\/strong>, so that the degrees can be awarded taking into account credits earned. This is what makes multiple entry and exit workable in practice.<\/span>\u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 HEI \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0938\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Master's<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/span><\/span>A 2-year programme<\/strong> with the second year devoted entirely to research for those who have completed the 3-year Bachelor's; a 1-year Master's<\/strong> for those who have completed the 4-year Bachelor's with Research; or an integrated 5-year Bachelor's\/Master's<\/strong>.<\/span>3-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 2-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b; 4-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 1-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong>; \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 5-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915\/\u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">M.Phil<\/span>The M.Phil programme shall be discontinued<\/strong>. A PhD will require either a Master's degree or a 4-year Bachelor's degree with Research.<\/span>\u090f\u092e.\u092b\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u0940\u090f\u091a.\u0921\u0940. \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 4-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">NHEQF<\/span>A National Higher Education Qualification Framework<\/strong> will be formulated by the General Education Council<\/strong>, in sync with the National Skills Qualifications Framework (NSQF), to ease the integration of vocational education into higher education.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e (NSQF) \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\ud83d\udca1<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n Why multiple exit matters more than it appears.<\/strong> Under the old system a student who left after two years had nothing to show for it<\/strong> \u2014 the years were wasted. Multiple exit with certification means no period of study is ever lost<\/strong>, and the Academic Bank of Credit means a student can return years later and resume<\/strong>. This is the Policy's structural answer to dropout at the higher education level, exactly as open schooling was its answer at the school level.<\/span>\n \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong> \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e \u2014 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d<\/strong> \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-4\">\n 3.4<\/span>\n <h3>Optimal Learning Environments and Student Support<\/span>\u0907\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u092e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <ul class=\"icon-list\">\n <li>\u25b8<\/span>The curriculum must be interesting and relevant, and updated regularly<\/strong> to align with the latest knowledge requirements and to meet specified learning outcomes.<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u094b\u091a\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0924\u092e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>\u25b8<\/span>High-quality support services<\/strong> and a strong internal system for grievance redressal are essential to a good learning environment.<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u0924-\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>\u25b8<\/span>All HEIs will have credible mechanisms for redressal of grievances<\/strong>, will strengthen student counselling and mentoring<\/strong>, and will ensure financial, academic, career, psychological and social support<\/strong> to students from disadvantaged backgrounds.<\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 HEI \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u0924-\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f, \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915, \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915, \u092e\u0928\u094b\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>\u25b8<\/span>Financial assistance<\/strong> will be made available through the National Scholarship Portal<\/strong>, and private HEIs will be encouraged to offer larger numbers of free ships and scholarships<\/strong> to their students.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0932<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 HEI \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>\u25b8<\/span>All HEIs will ensure quality medical facilities for all students<\/strong> in their campuses.<\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 HEI \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>\u25b8<\/span>Open Distance Learning (ODL) and online programmes<\/strong> will be given the same standards, and made equivalent to the highest quality in-class programmes<\/strong>, to increase GER and lifelong learning opportunities.<\/span>\u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e (ODL) \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u092e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f GER \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-5\">\n 3.5<\/span>\n <h3>Motivated, Energized and Capable Faculty<\/span>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The Policy's diagnosis<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0926\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/div>\n The most important factor in the success of higher education institutions is the quality and engagement of its faculty<\/strong>. The Policy acknowledges frankly that various factors have led to lowered faculty motivation<\/strong> in recent years, and lists what will be corrected.<\/span>\n \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f-\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0918\u091f\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930-\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"feat-grid\">\n <div class=\"feat-card\">1<\/span>Infrastructure and resources<\/span>\u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/span><\/strong>All HEIs will have the basic infrastructure and facilities<\/strong> \u2014 clean drinking water, working toilets, electricity, learning resources and pleasant classrooms \u2014 to enable faculty to perform their roles.<\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 HEI \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940 \u2014 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b \u092a\u0947\u092f\u091c\u0932, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0936\u094c\u091a\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0916\u0926 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u2014 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">2<\/span>Manageable ratios<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924<\/span><\/strong>Teaching loads should not be so excessive<\/strong> as to hinder effective teaching; student-teacher ratios must not be too high<\/strong>, so that teaching remains a pleasant and engaging activity.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923-\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947; \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928 \u0939\u094b<\/strong>, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0941\u0916\u0926 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">3<\/span>Curricular autonomy<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong>Faculty will be given the freedom to design their own curricular and pedagogical approaches<\/strong> within the approved framework, including textbook and reading material selections, assignments and assessments.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0920\u0928-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">4<\/span>Excellence rewarded<\/span>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/strong>Faculty not delivering on basic norms will be held accountable<\/strong>. Excellence will be recognized through appropriate rewards, promotions and salary increases<\/strong>, and the best will be given national recognition.<\/span>\u091c\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u092c\u0926\u0947\u0939\u0940<\/strong> \u0924\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u092a\u0926\u094b\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928-\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0924\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">5<\/span>Career progression<\/span>\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/strong>A clearly defined, independent, transparent process and criteria<\/strong> for faculty recruitment; a fast-track promotion system<\/strong> for those with exceptional contributions; and tenure after a suitable probation period<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f-\u092d\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921<\/strong>; \u0905\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u094b\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/strong>; \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">6<\/span>Multiple parameters of appraisal<\/span>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0932<\/span><\/strong>Career management will be based on a multi-parameter, peer-reviewed system<\/strong> considering teaching, research, service, contribution to the institution and to the community.<\/span>\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0932, \u0938\u0939\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940-\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928, \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-6\">\n 3.6<\/span>\n <h3>Equity and Inclusion in Higher Education<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n The same SEDG categories<\/strong> defined in Part I apply here. The Policy notes that while overall GER has risen, the gaps between social groups persist<\/strong>, and lays out two sets of actions \u2014 those for governments and those for institutions.<\/span>\n \u092d\u093e\u0917 I \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u0939\u0940 SEDG \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 GER \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"pc-grid\">\n <div class=\"pc-panel neu\">\n <div class=\"pc-head\">1<\/span>Steps to be taken by Governments<\/span>\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0920\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0926\u092e<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <ul>\n <li>Earmark suitable government funds<\/strong> for the education of SEDGs.<\/span>SEDG \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Set clear targets for higher GER for SEDGs<\/strong>.<\/span>SEDG \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u0930 GER \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Enhance gender balance<\/strong> in admissions to HEIs.<\/span>HEI \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Enhance access by establishing more high-quality HEIs in aspirational districts and Special Education Zones<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e HEI \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Develop degree courses taught in Indian languages and bilingually<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947<\/strong> \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f-\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Provide more financial assistance and scholarships<\/strong> in both public and private HEIs.<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 HEI \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"pc-panel neu\">\n <div class=\"pc-head\">2<\/span>Steps to be taken by all HEIs<\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 HEI \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0920\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0926\u092e<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <ul>\n <li>Mitigate opportunity costs and fees<\/strong> for pursuing higher education.<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930-\u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915<\/strong> \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Conduct outreach programmes on higher education opportunities and scholarships<\/strong> among SEDGs.<\/span>SEDG \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Make admissions processes and curriculum more inclusive<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Develop more degree courses taught in Indian languages<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f-\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Ensure all buildings and facilities are wheelchair-accessible and disabled-friendly<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0935\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0932\u091a\u0947\u092f\u0930-\u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0917-\u0939\u093f\u0924\u0948\u0937\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Develop bridge courses<\/strong> for students from disadvantaged backgrounds, and strict enforcement of no discrimination and harassment<\/strong> rules.<\/span>\u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0947\u0924\u0941-\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u0928 \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-7\">\n 3.7<\/span>\n <h3>Teacher Education<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout red\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\u26a0\ufe0f The problem stated bluntly<\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/div>\n The Policy states that the teacher education sector has been beset by rampant commercialization<\/strong> and that a large number of stand-alone Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs) \u2014 over 10,000 in number \u2014 are not even attempting serious teacher education but are essentially selling degrees for a price<\/strong>. Regulatory efforts have so far not succeeded in curbing this problem<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 (TEI) \u2014 10,000 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u2014 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947, \u0905\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u0924\u0903 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0947\u091a \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/strong>\u0964 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0905\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0936 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">By 2030<\/span>2030 \u0924\u0915<\/span><\/span>The minimum degree qualification for teaching will be a 4-year integrated B.Ed.<\/strong> \u2014 a dual-major holistic Bachelor's degree in Education as well as a specialized subject such as language, history, music, mathematics, computer science, chemistry, economics or art.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e 4-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092c\u0940.\u090f\u0921.<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u2014 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e, \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938, \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924, \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0932\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Location<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/span>By 2030, teacher education will gradually be moved into multidisciplinary colleges and universities<\/strong>. All multidisciplinary universities and colleges will aim to establish education departments<\/strong>.<\/span>2030 \u0924\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u0903 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Shorter routes<\/span>\u0932\u0918\u0941 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/span><\/span>A 2-year B.Ed.<\/strong> for those who have already obtained a Bachelor's in a specialized subject, and a 1-year B.Ed.<\/strong> for those who have completed a 4-year undergraduate degree in a specialized subject.<\/span>\u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f 2-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0940.\u090f\u0921.<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 4-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f 1-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0940.\u090f\u0921.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Shutting down<\/span>\u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/span>By 2030, only educationally sound, multidisciplinary and integrated teacher education programmes shall be in force<\/strong>. Substandard and dysfunctional teacher education institutions will be shut down<\/strong>.<\/span>2030 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947<\/strong>\u0964 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">NMM<\/span>A National Mission for Mentoring<\/strong> will be established, with a large pool of outstanding senior\/retired faculty \u2014 including those with the ability to teach in Indian languages<\/strong> \u2014 who would be willing to provide short and long-term mentoring\/professional support to university\/college teachers.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0935\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\/\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f \u2014 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u2014 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\/\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\/\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">M.Ed \/ PhD<\/span>A 2-year M.Ed.<\/strong> programme will be offered for those who wish to become academic leaders and teacher educators<\/strong>. Teacher educators must have strong experience in school-level teaching<\/strong>.<\/span>\u091c\u094b \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f 2-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u090f\u092e.\u090f\u0921.<\/strong> \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-8\">\n 3.8<\/span>\n <h3>Reimagining Vocational Education<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout red\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\u26a0\ufe0f The figure that frames this chapter<\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e<\/span><\/div>\n The 12th Five-Year Plan estimated that only a very small percentage of the Indian workforce in the age group of 19\u201324 received any formal vocational education<\/strong> \u2014 in contrast to figures such as 52% in the USA, 75% in Germany and 96% in South Korea. The Policy diagnoses the cause bluntly: vocational education has been seen as inferior to mainstream education and meant largely for students unable to cope with the latter<\/strong>.<\/span>\n 12\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u0902\u091a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f 19\u201324 \u0906\u092f\u0941-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u093c\u0930\u093e<\/strong> \u2014 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 52%, \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 75% \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 96% \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u0903 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0909\u0928 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091a\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u0947<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Target<\/span>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/span>By 2025, at least 50% of learners<\/strong> through the school and higher education system shall have exposure to vocational education<\/strong>.<\/span>2025 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e 50% \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Integration<\/span>\u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/span>Vocational education will be integrated into all school and higher education institutions in a phased manner over the next decade<\/strong>, with focus areas chosen based on skills gap analysis and mapping of local opportunities.<\/span>\u0905\u0917\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">NCIVE<\/span>A National Committee for the Integration of Vocational Education (NCIVE)<\/strong>, consisting of experts in vocational education and representatives from across Ministries, will be constituted to oversee this effort.<\/span>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f (NCIVE)<\/strong> \u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Lok Vidya<\/span>\u0932\u094b\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/span>'Lok Vidya'<\/strong> \u2014 important vocational knowledge developed in India \u2014 will be made accessible to students through integration into vocational education courses<\/strong>. This is the Policy's way of dignifying indigenous craft knowledge.<\/span>'\u0932\u094b\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e'<\/strong> \u2014 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u2014 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0932\u092d<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u091c \u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a-\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">NSQF<\/span>The National Skills Qualifications Framework<\/strong> will be detailed further for each discipline, and Indian standards will be aligned with the International Standard Classification of Occupations<\/strong> maintained by the International Labour Organization.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Delivery<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/span>Skill labs<\/strong> will be set up and created in schools in a hub-and-spoke model, allowing other schools to use the facility. HEIs will offer vocational education either on their own or in partnership with industry and NGOs. B.Voc. degrees<\/strong> introduced in 2013 will continue, but vocational courses will also be available to all other students.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u0939\u092c-\u090f\u0902\u0921-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964 HEI \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 NGO \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 2013 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u092c\u0940.\u0935\u094b\u0915. \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0940, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-9\">\n 3.9<\/span>\n <h3>Catalysing Quality Academic Research: the NRF<\/span>\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0924\u093f: NRF<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n The Policy argues that knowledge creation and research are critical in growing and sustaining a large and vibrant economy<\/strong>, and that India's investment is far too low: India spends only 0.69% of GDP on research and innovation<\/strong>, as compared with 2.8% in the United States, 4.3% in Israel and 4.2% in South Korea<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0902\u0924 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928 \u0939\u0948: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 GDP \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 0.69%<\/strong> \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 2.8%, \u0907\u091c\u093c\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 4.3% \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 4.2%<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The National Research Foundation<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/span><\/div>\n This Policy envisions the establishment of a National Research Foundation (NRF)<\/strong>. The overarching goal<\/strong> of the NRF will be to enable a culture of research to permeate through our universities<\/strong>. The NRF will be governed independently of the government by a rotating Board of Governors consisting of the very best researchers and innovators across fields<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0936\u0928 (NRF)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 NRF \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u092a\u0930\u093f \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong>\u0964 NRF \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0924\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The four initial divisions<\/span>\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0917<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"feat-grid\">\n <div class=\"feat-card\">1<\/span>Sciences<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/strong>Fundamental and applied research across the natural sciences.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">2<\/span>Technology<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/span><\/strong>Applied and translational research with clear paths to use.<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">3<\/span>Social Sciences<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c-\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/strong>Included deliberately \u2014 the Policy insists research funding must not be confined to STEM.<\/span>\u091c\u093e\u0928\u092c\u0942\u091d\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u2014 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928-\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 STEM \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">4<\/span>Arts and Humanities<\/span>\u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/span><\/strong>Also funded on equal footing, with additional divisions to be added over time.<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The four functions of the NRF<\/span>NRF \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/h4>\n <ul class=\"split-list\">\n <li>1<\/span>Fund<\/strong> competitive, peer-reviewed grant proposals of all types and across all disciplines.<\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0940, \u0938\u0939\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940-\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>2<\/span>Seed, grow and facilitate research<\/strong> at academic institutions, particularly at universities and colleges where research is currently in a nascent stage<\/strong>, through mentoring.<\/span>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948<\/strong>, \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0940\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>3<\/span>Act as a liaison<\/strong> between researchers and relevant branches of government as well as industry, so that research informs policy and reaches implementation.<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915-\u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong>, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>4<\/span>Recognize outstanding research<\/strong> and progress through special awards and national seminars.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-10\">\n 3.10<\/span>\n <h3>Transforming the Regulatory System: HECI<\/span>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923: HECI<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udccc The principle \u2014 'light but tight'<\/span>\ud83d\udccc \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u2014 '\u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906'<\/span><\/div>\n Regulation will be 'light but tight'<\/strong> to ensure financial probity, good governance and full transparency<\/strong>, while eliminating the heavy hand of regulation<\/strong>. The distinct functions of regulation, accreditation, funding and academic standard setting will be conducted by four independent verticals within one umbrella institution<\/strong> \u2014 the same separation-of-powers logic seen in school education in \u00a72.9.<\/span>\n \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 '\u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906'<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0908\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940, \u0938\u0941\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928, \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u2014 \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f-\u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u091c\u094b \u00a72.9 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n \n A single overarching umbrella body \u2014 the Higher Education Commission of India (HECI)<\/strong> \u2014 will be set up for the entire higher education, excluding medical and legal education<\/strong>. HECI itself will not have powers over the individual institutions<\/strong>; it will function through its four verticals, each of which will be an independent, empowered body<\/strong>. HECI will use technology extensively<\/strong> and will have few but well-qualified experts<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u092a\u0930\u093f \u091b\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u2014 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917 (HECI)<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong>\u0964 HECI \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940; \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 HECI \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0941\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Vertical<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d<\/span><\/th>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Function<\/span>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What it does<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">NHERC<\/strong><\/td>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Regulation<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>The National Higher Education Regulatory Council<\/strong> \u2014 the single point regulator<\/strong> for higher education including teacher education, but excluding medical and legal education. It regulates through a much-reduced human interface<\/strong>, relying on public self-disclosure by institutions<\/strong> rather than inspection.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u2014 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u090f\u0915\u0932-\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915<\/strong>, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0918\u091f\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935-\u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">NAC<\/strong><\/td>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Accreditation<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>The National Accreditation Council<\/strong> \u2014 a meta-accrediting body<\/strong>. Accreditation will be a binary process<\/strong> in the initial years, moving eventually to a graded system. Accreditation will be the primary means for regulating institutions<\/strong>, and is the basis on which graded autonomy is granted.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u2014 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/strong>\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">HEGC<\/strong><\/td>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Funding<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>The Higher Education Grants Council<\/strong> \u2014 carries out funding and financing<\/strong> of higher education based on transparent criteria, on the development plans of institutions<\/strong>, and on their progress on those plans.<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u2014 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938-\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">GEC<\/strong><\/td>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Academic standards<\/span>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>The General Education Council<\/strong> \u2014 frames expected learning outcomes<\/strong> for higher education programmes, that is, graduate attributes<\/strong>. It will formulate the National Higher Education Qualification Framework (NHEQF)<\/strong>, and professional councils such as NCTE, AICTE and the Veterinary Council<\/strong> will act as Professional Standard Setting Bodies (PSSBs)<\/strong> under it.<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u2014 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e<\/strong>, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915-\u0917\u0941\u0923<\/strong>, \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e (NHEQF)<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e NCTE, AICTE \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0936\u0941 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f (PSSB)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\u2696\ufe0f<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n Two further points that complete the answer.<\/strong> First, the same norms will apply to public and private institutions alike<\/strong> \u2014 the Policy explicitly states that all HEIs will be treated on par with respect to regulation, accreditation and academic standards. Second, private HEIs with a philanthropic and public-spirited intent will be encouraged<\/strong>, but there will be transparent public disclosure of fees<\/strong>, with fees capped so that commercialization is curbed<\/strong> while institutions retain the freedom to set fees within limits.<\/span>\n \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0964<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921<\/strong> \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u2014 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 HEI \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f, \u092a\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0939\u093f\u0924-\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 HEI \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928<\/strong> \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0924\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0936<\/strong> \u0932\u0917\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-11\">\n 3.11<\/span>\n <h3>Effective Governance and Leadership of HEIs<\/span>HEI \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"flow-wrap\">\n <div class=\"flow-note\">\n \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f The direction of travel is from external control towards internal, empowered self-governance<\/strong> \u2014 but autonomy is earned through accreditation<\/strong>, not granted automatically.<\/span>\n \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915, \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0935-\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-steps\">\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 1<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Graded accreditation<\/span>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/strong>\n Institutions are accredited by the NAC. Accreditation status determines the degree of autonomy an institution may exercise.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 NAC \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0940 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 2<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Graded autonomy<\/span>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong>\n Colleges will be granted graded autonomy \u2014 academic, administrative and financial<\/strong> \u2014 based on the status of their accreditation, moving in stages towards full degree-granting status.<\/span>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u2014 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f<\/strong> \u2014 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 3<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Board of Governors \u2014 by 2035<\/span>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u2014 2035 \u0924\u0915<\/span><\/strong>\n Every higher education institution will eventually be governed by an independent Board of Governors (BoG)<\/strong> consisting of a group of highly qualified, competent and dedicated individuals having proven capabilities and a strong sense of commitment<\/strong>. The BoG shall be empowered to govern the institution free of any external interference<\/strong>, make all appointments including that of the head of the institution, and be accountable to the stakeholders through transparent self-disclosure<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 (BoG)<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 BoG \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947<\/strong>, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0924\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u091c\u0935\u093e\u092c\u0926\u0947\u0939<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 4<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Institutional Development Plan<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/strong>\n Each institution will make a strategic Institutional Development Plan (IDP)<\/strong> on the basis of which institutions will develop initiatives, assess their progress, and reach the goals set therein \u2014 which then becomes the basis on which the HEGC funds them<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e (IDP)<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u2014 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0930 HEGC \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\ud83d\udd17<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n The single thread through the whole of Part II.<\/strong> Accreditation determines autonomy; autonomy is exercised by the Board of Governors; the Board's Institutional Development Plan determines funding. Quality \u2192 freedom \u2192 money<\/strong>, in that order. This chain is what replaces the present system of uniform control regardless of performance, and stating the chain in that order is what turns a list of four bodies into a coherent account of how the Policy intends higher education to be run.<\/span>\n \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0917 II \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0964<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u2192 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u2192 \u0927\u0928<\/strong>, \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0936\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/section>\n\n\n \n <section class=\"chapter-content\" data-chap=\"4\">\n\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\">\n PART III<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0917 III<\/span><\/span>\n <h2>\n Other Key Areas of Focus<\/span>\n \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span>\n <\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"keyfact-grid\">\n <div class=\"keyfact-card amber-hi\" style=\"border-top-color:var(--plum);\">\n \ud83d\udde3\ufe0f<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">Languages Lost<\/span>\u0932\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">220 in 50 years<\/span>50 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">And UNESCO has declared 197 Indian languages 'endangered'<\/span>\u0924\u0925\u093e UNESCO \u0928\u0947 197 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b '\u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924' \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keyfact-card teal-hi\">\n \ud83e\ude7a<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">Healthcare Education<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:14px;\">Integrative<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0924<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">Allopathic students must understand AYUSH \u2014 and vice versa<\/span>\u090f\u0932\u094b\u092a\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b AYUSH \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u2014 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u092d\u0940<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keyfact-card navy-hi\">\n \ud83d\udcbb<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">New Body<\/span>\u0928\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">NETF<\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">An autonomous body to advise on educational technology and disruptive change<\/span>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0935\u0902\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n4-1\">\n 4.1<\/span>\n <h3>Professional Education<\/span>\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The three elements of preparing a professional<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/span><\/div>\n Preparation of professionals must involve (1) an education in the ethic and importance of public purpose, (2) an education in the discipline, and (3) an education for practice<\/strong>. It must centrally involve critical and interdisciplinary thinking, discussion, debate, research and innovation. For this to be achieved, professional education should not take place in the isolation of one's specialty<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 (1) \u0932\u094b\u0915-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, (2) \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e (3) \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928, \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e, \u0935\u093e\u0926-\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0915\u0940\u092a\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n Accordingly, stand-alone agricultural universities, legal universities, health science universities, technical universities and stand-alone institutions in other fields shall aim to become multidisciplinary institutions<\/strong>. All institutions offering either professional or general education will aim to organically evolve into institutions offering both seamlessly by 2030<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0924\u0926\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947<\/strong>\u0964 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 2030 \u0924\u0915 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0927 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Field<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What the Policy proposes<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Agricultural education<\/span>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Agricultural universities comprise approximately 9% of all universities<\/strong>, yet enrolment in agriculture and allied sciences is less than 1% of all enrolment<\/strong> in higher education. Both capacity and quality must be improved. Agricultural Technology Parks<\/strong> will be set up to promote technology incubation and dissemination, and the design of agricultural education will shift towards developing professionals with the ability to understand and use local knowledge, traditional knowledge and emerging technologies<\/strong>, while being cognizant of declining land productivity, climate change and food sufficiency.<\/span>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 9%<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u093e 1% \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u092e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092d\u0935\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0917\u0940 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f-\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f-\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u091c\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Legal education<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Legal education needs to be competitive globally<\/strong>, adopting best practices and embracing new technologies for wider access to and timely delivery of justice. It must be informed and illuminated with Constitutional values of Justice \u2014 Social, Economic and Political<\/strong> \u2014 and directed towards national reconstruction through democracy, rule of law and human rights<\/strong>. State institutions offering law education must consider offering bilingual education \u2014 in English and in the language of the State<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u092f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u2014 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f-\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930-\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u2014 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u2014 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr style=\"background:#f2fdfa;\">\n <td class=\"narrow\">Healthcare education<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Healthcare education must be re-envisioned<\/strong> so that the duration, structure and design of educational programmes match the role requirements graduates will play. Given that people exercise pluralistic choices in healthcare<\/strong>, the system must be integrative \u2014 all students of allopathic medical education must have a basic understanding of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH), and vice versa<\/strong>. There will also be a much greater emphasis on preventive healthcare and community medicine<\/strong> in all forms of healthcare education.<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f, \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0909\u0928 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u094b \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a<\/strong> \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u2014 \u090f\u0932\u094b\u092a\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u092f\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926, \u092f\u094b\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e, \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u092e\u094d\u092f\u094b\u092a\u0948\u0925\u0940 (AYUSH) \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u092d\u0940<\/strong>\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Technical education<\/span>\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Technical education includes degree and diploma programmes in engineering, technology, management, architecture, town planning, pharmacy, hotel management and catering technology<\/strong>. It will also aim to be offered within multidisciplinary institutions<\/strong>. India must take the lead in preparing professionals in cutting-edge areas \u2014 Artificial Intelligence, 3-D machining, big data analysis, machine learning, genomic studies, biotechnology, nanotechnology and neuroscience<\/strong> \u2014 with applications to health, environment and sustainable living woven into undergraduate education.<\/span>\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928, \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0915\u0932\u093e, \u0928\u0917\u0930-\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928, \u092b\u093c\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0938\u0940, \u0939\u094b\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930<\/strong> \u0926\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u2014 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e, 3-\u0921\u0940 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u092c\u093f\u0917 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923, \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u091c\u0940\u0928\u094b\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928, \u091c\u0948\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e-\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u2014 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f, \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n4-2\">\n 4.2<\/span>\n <h3>Adult Education and Lifelong Learning<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n The Policy treats literacy as a basic right<\/strong>: the opportunity to attain foundational literacy, obtain an education and pursue a livelihood must be viewed as a basic right of every citizen<\/strong>. Literacy and basic education are powerful force multipliers<\/strong> which greatly enhance the success of all other developmental efforts, and worldwide data indicate extremely high correlations between literacy rates and per capita GDP<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f<\/strong>\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932 \u092c\u0932-\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0915<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f GDP \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u0939\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/strong> \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <h4>The five types of adult education programmes<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"feat-grid\">\n <div class=\"feat-card\">a<\/span>Foundational literacy and numeracy<\/span>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong>The ability to read and comprehend basic text, and carry out basic arithmetic \u2014 the same definition used for schoolchildren in Part I.<\/span>\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0920 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u2014 \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u091c\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0917 I \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">b<\/span>Critical life skills<\/span>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928-\u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932<\/span><\/strong>Including financial literacy, digital literacy, commercial skills, health care and awareness, child care and education, and family welfare<\/strong>.<\/span>\u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0935\u093e\u0923\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u0936\u093f\u0936\u0941-\u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">c<\/span>Vocational skills development<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/strong>With a view towards obtaining local employment<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0930\u094b\u091c\u093c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">d<\/span>Basic education<\/span>\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/strong>Including preparatory, middle and secondary stage equivalency<\/strong>.<\/span>\u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915, \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">e<\/span>Continuing education<\/span>\u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/strong>Engaging holistic adult education courses in arts, sciences, technology, culture, sports and recreation<\/strong>, and other topics of interest or use to local learners.<\/span>\u0915\u0932\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f, \u0916\u0947\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0928\u094b\u0930\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Curriculum<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/span>An outstanding adult education curriculum framework<\/strong> will be developed by a new and well-supported constituent body of the NCERT<\/strong> dedicated to adult education. The framework will keep in mind that adults require different teaching-learning methods and materials than those designed for children<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 NCERT \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u090f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923-\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">AECs<\/span>Adult Education Centres<\/strong> may be included within school complexes, HEIs and vocational training centres<\/strong>. A key initiative will be to use school infrastructure after school hours and on weekends, and public library spaces<\/strong>, for adult education courses \u2014 ensuring efficient use of both physical and human resources.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932\u094b\u0902, HEI \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u0939\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f-\u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u2014 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Volunteers<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902\u0938\u0947\u0935\u0915<\/span><\/span>Volunteerism and community involvement<\/strong> are named as key success factors<\/strong> of adult literacy programmes \u2014 as demonstrated by the National Literacy Mission launched in 1988<\/strong>, which resulted in significant increases in national literacy between 1991 and 2011, including among women. Qualified community members, including students from HEIs as part of each HEI's mission to engage with its local community<\/strong>, will be encouraged to serve as adult literacy instructors.<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e-\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915<\/strong> \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e 1988 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 1991 \u090f\u0935\u0902 2011 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0908, \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940\u0964 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 HEI \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 HEI \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924<\/strong>, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Libraries<\/span>\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/span>Improving the availability and accessibility of books<\/strong> is essential to inculcating the habit of reading. Steps include strengthening existing libraries, setting up rural libraries and reading rooms in disadvantaged regions, opening children's libraries and mobile libraries, and establishing social book clubs<\/strong> across India.<\/span>\u092a\u0920\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0926\u0924 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u092c\u093e\u0932-\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091a\u0932-\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0916\u094b\u0932\u0928\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915-\u0915\u094d\u0932\u092c \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n4-3\">\n 4.3<\/span>\n <h3>Promotion of Indian Languages, Arts and Culture<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout red\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\u26a0\ufe0f The scale of the loss<\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/span><\/div>\n Indian languages have not received their due attention and care<\/strong>, with the country losing over 220 languages in the last 50 years alone<\/strong>. UNESCO has declared 197 Indian languages as 'endangered'<\/strong>. Various unscripted languages are particularly in danger: when the senior members of a tribe or community that speak such languages pass away, these languages often perish with them<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0917\u0924 50 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 220 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0916\u094b \u0926\u0940\u0902<\/strong>\u0964 UNESCO \u0928\u0947 197 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b '\u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924' \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u0964 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u091c\u092c \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947, \u092f\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0903 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 Why language matters to culture<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/div>\n Language is inextricably linked to art and culture<\/strong>. Different languages 'see' the world differently<\/strong>, and the structure of a language determines a native speaker's perception of experience. Culture is encased in our languages<\/strong> \u2014 and art, in the form of literature, plays, music and film, cannot be fully appreciated without language. Therefore, in order to preserve and promote culture, one must preserve and promote a culture's languages<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u093f\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 '\u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0940'<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0941\u0908<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u0928\u093e\u091f\u0915, \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091a\u0932\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0928\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The institutional measures<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/h4>\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Measure<\/span>\u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What is proposed<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Academies<\/span>\u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>For each of the languages mentioned in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution<\/strong>, Academies will be established consisting of some of the greatest scholars and native speakers<\/strong>, to determine simple yet accurate vocabulary for the latest concepts<\/strong> and to release updated dictionaries on a regular basis<\/strong> \u2014 as is done successfully for many other world languages.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0920\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0924\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940<\/strong> \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0928 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0915\u094b\u0936<\/strong> \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u2014 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935-\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">IITI<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>An Indian Institute of Translation and Interpretation<\/strong> will be established, to make high-quality learning materials and other important written and spoken material available to the public in various Indian and foreign languages<\/strong>. It will employ multilingual language and subject experts<\/strong> and will make extensive use of technology.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091a\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u0916\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0932\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e<\/strong> \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Classical languages<\/span>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>National Institutes (or Institutes) for Pali, Persian and Prakrit<\/strong> will be set up within a university campus<\/strong>. Existing institutes and universities studying all classical languages<\/strong> will be expanded, with strong efforts to collect, preserve, translate and study the tens of thousands of manuscripts<\/strong> that have not yet received their due attention.<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f, \u092b\u093c\u093e\u0930\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0941\u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939, \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Sanskrit<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Sanskrit will be mainstreamed<\/strong>, with strong offerings in school \u2014 including as an option in the three-language formula \u2014 as well as in higher education. It will be taught not in isolation, but in interesting and innovative ways, connected to other contemporary and relevant subjects<\/strong> such as mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, linguistics, dramatics and yoga. Sanskrit Universities too will move towards becoming large multidisciplinary institutions.<\/strong><\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0906\u090f\u0917\u0940, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u2014 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u2014 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0905\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u094b\u091a\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924, \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932, \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Artist-in-Residence<\/span>\u0915\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Every higher education institution and even every school or school complex will aim to have Artists-in-Residence<\/strong>, to expose students to art, creativity and the rich treasures of the region and country. Outstanding local artists and craftspersons will be hired as guest faculty<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0917\u093e<\/strong>, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0932\u093e, \u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0940 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Documentation<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>All languages in India and their associated arts and culture will be documented through a web-based platform\/portal\/wiki<\/strong>, containing videos, dictionaries and recordings of people \u2014 especially elders \u2014 speaking the language, telling stories, reciting poetry, and performing plays, folk songs and dances<\/strong>. People from across the country will be invited to contribute.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928 \u0935\u0947\u092c-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0902\u091a\/\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0932\/\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u2014 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u091c\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u2014 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0947, \u0915\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0928\u0947, \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0920 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093e\u091f\u0915, \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0917\u0940\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b, \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0915\u094b\u0936 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0927\u094d\u0935\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0906\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Tourism<\/span>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u091f\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Under Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat<\/em>, 100 tourist destinations in the country will be identified<\/strong> where educational institutions will send students to study these destinations and their history, scientific contributions, traditions, indigenous literature and knowledge.<\/span>\u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 100 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u091f\u0928-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938, \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0926\u0947\u0936\u091c \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n4-4\">\n 4.4<\/span>\n <h3>Technology Use and Integration<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udccc The relationship is two-way<\/span>\ud83d\udccc \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/div>\n While education will play a critical role in this transformation<\/strong>, technology itself will play an important role in the improvement of educational processes and outcomes<\/strong>; thus the relationship between technology and education at all levels is bi-directional<\/strong>. This single sentence is the frame for the whole chapter.<\/span>\n \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0907\u0938 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940<\/strong>, \u0935\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940<\/strong>; \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0936 \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The National Educational Technology Forum (NETF)<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u091a (NETF)<\/span><\/div>\n An autonomous body<\/strong> will be created to provide a platform for the free exchange of ideas on the use of technology to enhance learning, assessment, planning and administration<\/strong>, for both school and higher education. Its aim is to facilitate decision-making on the induction, deployment and use of technology<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e, \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928, \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0902\u091a<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936, \u0924\u0948\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The four functions of the NETF<\/span>NETF \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/h4>\n <ul class=\"split-list\">\n <li>a<\/span>Provide independent evidence-based advice<\/strong> to Central and State Government agencies on technology-based interventions.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>b<\/span>Build intellectual and institutional capacities<\/strong> in educational technology.<\/span>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>c<\/span>Envision strategic thrust areas<\/strong> in this domain.<\/span>\u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0932-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>d<\/span>Articulate new directions for research and innovation<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\u26a1<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n The disruptive-technology argument.<\/strong> The Policy makes a striking historical point: when the 1986\/92 Policy was formulated, it was difficult to predict the disruptive effect that the internet would bring<\/strong>. It therefore assigns the NETF a permanent task \u2014 to categorize emergent technologies based on their potential and estimated timeframe for disruption<\/strong>, and to present this analysis periodically to the Ministry. Artificial Intelligence<\/strong> is named as the current example: as the cost of AI-based prediction falls, AI will match or outperform even skilled professionals in certain predictive tasks, and the education system must be poised to respond quickly<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0935\u0902\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0964<\/strong> \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u091c\u092c 1986\/92 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0928\u0940, \u0924\u092c \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0935\u0902\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0925\u093e<\/strong>\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0935\u0939 NETF \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094c\u0902\u092a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0935\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 AI-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0918\u091f\u0947\u0917\u0940, AI \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915\u0925\u0928-\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0940\u0918\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n4-5\">\n 4.5<\/span>\n <h3>Online and Digital Education<\/span>\u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n This chapter was added in direct response to the pandemic: the recent rise in epidemics and pandemics necessitates that we are ready with alternative modes of quality education whenever and wherever traditional and in-person modes of education are not possible<\/strong>. The Policy recognizes the advantages of technology while acknowledging its potential risks and dangers<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e: \u092e\u0939\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u092c \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928 \u0939\u094b, \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u092e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0902<\/strong>\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"callout red\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\u26a0\ufe0f The four cautions the Policy states<\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/div>\n <ul class=\"split-list\" style=\"margin-top:4px;\">\n <li>1<\/span>The benefits of online education cannot be leveraged unless the digital divide is eliminated<\/strong> through concerted efforts, since a substantial section of the population still has highly limited digital access<\/strong>.<\/span>\u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928 \u0939\u094b, \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0909\u0920\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947<\/strong>, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>2<\/span>It cannot be assumed that a good teacher in a traditional classroom will automatically be a good teacher in an online classroom<\/strong> \u2014 teachers require suitable training to become effective online educators.<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0903 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e<\/strong> \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>3<\/span>There are numerous challenges to conducting online examinations at scale<\/strong> \u2014 limitations on the types of questions that can be asked, handling network and power disruptions, and preventing unethical practices<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2014 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0947 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0925\u093e\u092e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>4<\/span>Unless online education is blended with experiential and activity-based learning<\/strong>, it will tend to become screen-based education with limited focus on the social, affective and psychomotor dimensions of learning<\/strong>.<\/span>\u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0928 \u0939\u094b, \u0935\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915, \u092d\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The ten key initiatives<\/span>\u0926\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/h4>\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">#<\/th>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Initiative<\/span>\u092a\u0939\u0932<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What it involves<\/span>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">a<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Pilot studies<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td>Agencies such as NETF, CIET, NIOS, IGNOU, IITs and NITs<\/strong> will conduct a series of pilot studies to evaluate the benefits of online education while mitigating the downsides<\/strong>, and study areas such as student device addiction and preferred e-content formats.<\/span>NETF, CIET, NIOS, IGNOU, IIT \u090f\u0935\u0902 NIT<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u091a\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0918\u091f\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0938\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0908-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0942\u092a \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">b<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Digital infrastructure<\/span>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td>Investment in open, interoperable, evolvable public digital infrastructure<\/strong> that can be used by multiple platforms, to solve for India's scale, diversity, complexity and device penetration<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924, \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0940\u092f, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u0902\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947, \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e, \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">c<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Platforms and tools<\/span>\u092e\u0902\u091a \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td>Existing platforms such as SWAYAM and DIKSHA<\/strong> will be extended to provide teachers with a structured, user-friendly, rich set of assistive tools<\/strong>, including two-way video and two-way audio interfaces<\/strong> for holding online classes.<\/span>SWAYAM \u090f\u0935\u0902 DIKSHA<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0902\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e-\u0939\u093f\u0924\u0948\u0937\u0940, \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928-\u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091a\u092f<\/strong> \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0936 \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0936 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">d<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Content creation<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940-\u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td>A digital repository of content<\/strong> including coursework, learning games and simulations, augmented reality and virtual reality<\/strong>, with a clear public system for ratings by users<\/strong> on effectiveness and quality.<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0916\u0947\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923, \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u0925\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092f\u0925\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr style=\"background:#fff9ef;\"><td class=\"narrow\">e<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Addressing the digital divide<\/span>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td>Given that a substantial section still has limited digital access, existing mass media \u2014 television, radio and community radio \u2014 will be extensively used<\/strong>. Such programmes will be available 24\/7 and in different languages<\/strong>.<\/span>\u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u2014 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928, \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u2014 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u091a\u094c\u092c\u0940\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0918\u0902\u091f\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">f<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Virtual labs<\/span>\u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td>Platforms such as DIKSHA, SWAYAM and SWAYAMPRABHA<\/strong> will be leveraged for creating virtual labs<\/strong> so that all students have equal access to quality practical and hands-on experiment-based learning.<\/span>DIKSHA, SWAYAM \u090f\u0935\u0902 SWAYAMPRABHA<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0902\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947<\/strong> \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">g<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Teacher training<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td>Teachers will undergo rigorous training in learner-centric pedagogy<\/strong> and on how to become high-quality online content creators themselves<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e-\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/strong> \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">h<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Online assessment<\/span>\u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td>Bodies such as PARAKH, School Boards and NTA<\/strong> will design assessment frameworks encompassing competencies, portfolio, rubrics, standardized assessments and assessment analytics<\/strong>.<\/span>PARAKH, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u090f\u0935\u0902 NTA<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928-\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u093c\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b, \u0930\u0942\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">i<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Blended learning<\/span>\u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td>While promoting digital learning, the importance of face-to-face in-person learning is fully recognized<\/strong>. Different effective models of blended learning<\/strong> will be identified for appropriate replication for different subjects.<\/span>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0906\u092e\u0928\u0947-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">j<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Laying down standards<\/span>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td>As research emerges, NETF and other appropriate bodies shall set up standards of content, technology and pedagogy<\/strong> for online and digital teaching-learning.<\/span>\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e, NETF \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/strong> \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923-\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\ud83c\udfe2<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n The one new administrative unit to remember.<\/strong> A dedicated unit for the purpose of orchestrating the building of digital infrastructure, digital content and capacity building will be created in the Ministry<\/strong>, to look after the e-education needs of both school and higher education<\/strong>. The Policy's justification is worth quoting: technology in education is a journey and not a destination<\/em> \u2014 and since technology evolves rapidly, a vibrant ecosystem must be encouraged to create solutions that evolve with it<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0938\u094d\u092e\u0930\u0923 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908\u0964<\/strong> \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940<\/strong>, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0908-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0914\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0930\u0923-\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948: \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0917\u0902\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/em> \u2014 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0902\u0924 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/section>\n\n\n \n <section class=\"chapter-content\" data-chap=\"5\">\n\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\">\n PART IV<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0917 IV<\/span><\/span>\n <h2>\n Making It Happen<\/span>\n \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928<\/span>\n <\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"keyfact-grid\">\n <div class=\"keyfact-card amber-hi\">\n \ud83d\udcb0<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">The Unmet Target<\/span>\u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">4.43% \u2192 6% of GDP<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">First set in 1968, reiterated in 1986, reaffirmed in 1992 \u2014 and still not reached<\/span>1968 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, 1986 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e, 1992 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f \u2014 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keyfact-card navy-hi\">\n \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">Renaming<\/span>\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:14px;\">MHRD \u2192 MoE<\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">To bring the focus back on education and learning<\/span>\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keyfact-card teal-hi\">\n \ud83d\udcc5<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">Full Operation<\/span>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">2030\u201340<\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">The decade in which the entire Policy will be in operational mode<\/span>\u0935\u0939 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928-\u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n5-1\">\n 5.1<\/span>\n <h3>Strengthening the Central Advisory Board of Education<\/span>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n Achieving successful implementation of this Policy demands a long-term vision, availability of expertise on a sustained basis, and concerted action from all concerned<\/strong> encompassing National, State, institutional and individual levels<\/strong>. In this context, the Policy recommends strengthening and empowering the Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE)<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0907\u0938 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 (CABE) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"pc-grid\">\n <div class=\"pc-panel neu\">\n <div class=\"pc-head\">\u25c7<\/span>CABE as it has been<\/span>CABE \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <ul>\n <li>A forum for widespread consultation<\/strong> on issues relating to educational and cultural development.<\/span>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0902\u091a<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>An advisory body examining such issues as and when they arose.<\/span>\u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u092c \u0935\u0947 \u0909\u0920\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u092c, \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"pc-panel pro\">\n <div class=\"pc-head\">\u2713<\/span>The remodelled and rejuvenated CABE<\/span>\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 CABE<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <ul>\n <li>Will have a much greater mandate<\/strong> \u2014 not only a forum for consultation.<\/span>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u2014 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0902\u091a \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Will be responsible for developing, articulating, evaluating and revising the vision of education in the country on a continuous basis<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924, \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947<\/strong> \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Will work in close collaboration with the Ministry and the corresponding apex bodies of States<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Will create and continuously review the institutional frameworks<\/strong> that shall help attain this vision.<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n The renaming, and why it matters.<\/strong> The Policy recommends that the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) be re-designated as the Ministry of Education (MoE)<\/strong>, and gives its reason in a single phrase: to bring the focus back on education and learning<\/strong>. The change was effected in July 2020<\/strong>. The point behind it is substantive rather than cosmetic \u2014 'human resource development' frames education as an input to the economy, whereas 'education' names it as a good in itself, which is precisely the Policy's stated philosophical position.<\/span>\n \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0964<\/strong> \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f (MHRD) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f (MoE) \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b<\/strong>\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908 2020<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0935\u091f\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 '\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938' \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f '\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e' \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u0941\u092d \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n5-2\">\n 5.2<\/span>\n <h3>Financing: Affordable and Quality Education for All<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923: \u0938\u092c\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0941\u0932\u092d \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout red\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\u26a0\ufe0f The gap between promise and practice<\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f \u0935\u091a\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932<\/span><\/div>\n Public expenditure on education in India has not come close to the recommended level of 6% of GDP<\/strong>, as envisaged by the 1968 Policy<\/strong>, reiterated in the Policy of 1986<\/strong>, and further reaffirmed in the 1992 review<\/strong>. The current public expenditure \u2014 Centre and States together \u2014 has been around 4.43% of GDP<\/strong>, and only around 10% of total Government spending<\/strong> towards education. These numbers are far smaller than most developed and developing countries.<\/strong><\/span>\n \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f GDP \u0915\u0947 6% \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e 1968 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940, 1986 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908, \u0924\u0925\u093e 1992 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u2014 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u2014 GDP \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 4.43%<\/strong> \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 10%<\/strong> \u0939\u0940\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span>\n The Policy therefore unequivocally endorses and envisions a substantial increase in public investment in education by both the Central government and all State Governments<\/strong>. The Centre and the States will work together to increase the public investment in the education sector to reach 6% of GDP at the earliest<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0936\u0940\u0918\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0918\u094d\u0930 GDP \u0915\u0947 6% \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0947<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The eight long-term thrust areas for financing<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0920 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0932-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"feat-grid\">\n <div class=\"feat-card\">a<\/span>Universal ECCE<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 ECCE<\/span><\/strong>Universal provisioning of quality early childhood care education<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">b<\/span>Foundational literacy and numeracy<\/span>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong>Ensuring FLN for all \u2014 the Policy's most urgent, time-bound goal.<\/span>\u0938\u092c\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f FLN \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u2014 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c, \u0938\u092e\u092f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">c<\/span>School complexes<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932<\/span><\/strong>Providing adequate and appropriate resourcing of school complexes and clusters<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">d<\/span>Food and nutrition<\/span>\u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/strong>Providing breakfast and midday meals<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0903\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">e<\/span>Teacher development<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/strong>Investing in teacher education and the continuing professional development of teachers<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">f<\/span>Colleges and universities<\/span>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/strong>Revamping colleges and universities<\/strong> to foster excellence.<\/span>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0920\u0928<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">g<\/span>Research<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/strong>Cultivating research<\/strong> \u2014 principally through the National Research Foundation.<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u2014 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">h<\/span>Technology<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/span><\/strong>Extensive use of technology and online education<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udccc Money is not only about quantity \u2014 the efficiency argument<\/span>\ud83d\udccc \u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u2014 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915<\/span><\/div>\n The Policy makes a point that is easy to overlook: even the low level of funding on education in India is frequently not spent in a timely manner at the District or institution level<\/strong>, hampering the achievement of the intended targets of those funds. Hence the need is to increase efficiency in the use of the available budget<\/strong>. Financial governance will focus on the smooth, timely and appropriate flow of funds, and their usage with probity<\/strong>. The provisions of GFR, PFMS and 'Just in Time' release<\/strong> to implementing agencies will be followed, so that the disbursal mechanism does not lead to a high volume of unspent balances<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u091b\u0942\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0903 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u092f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e<\/strong>, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u0940\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u092c\u091c\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e, \u0938\u092e\u092f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0908\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928-\u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b GFR, PFMS \u090f\u0935\u0902 '\u091c\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0907\u0928 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e' \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0917\u092e\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923-\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u0947\u0937<\/strong> \u0928 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n5-3\">\n 5.3<\/span>\n <h3>Implementation<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The opening claim<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0925\u0928<\/span><\/div>\n Any policy's effectiveness depends on its implementation.<\/strong> Such implementation will require multiple initiatives and actions, which will have to be taken by multiple bodies in a synchronized and systematic manner<\/strong> \u2014 including the Ministry, CABE, Union and State Governments, education-related Ministries, State Departments of Education, Boards, NTA, the regulatory bodies of school and higher education, NCERT, SCERTs, schools and HEIs.<\/span>\n \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong> \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e<\/strong> \u2014 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f, CABE, \u0938\u0902\u0918 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917, \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921, NTA, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f, NCERT, SCERT, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 HEI \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The seven principles of implementation<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"flow-wrap\">\n <div class=\"flow-note\">\n \ud83d\udccb These are given in the Policy as an ordered list \u2014 first, second, third<\/em> \u2014 and the order itself carries meaning. Learn them in sequence.<\/span>\n \ud83d\udccb \u092f\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e, \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f, \u0924\u0943\u0924\u0940\u092f<\/em> \u2014 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-steps\">\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 1<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Spirit and intent<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/strong>\n Implementation of the spirit and intent of the Policy will be the most critical matter<\/strong> \u2014 more critical than mechanical compliance with its letter.<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u2014 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0936\u0903 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 2<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Phased implementation<\/span>\u091a\u0930\u0923\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/strong>\n It is important to implement the policy initiatives in a phased manner<\/strong>, as each policy point has several steps, each of which requires the previous step to be implemented successfully<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u0930\u0923\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928<\/strong> \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 3<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Prioritization<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/strong>\n Prioritization will be important in ensuring optimal sequencing of policy points<\/strong>, and that the most critical and urgent actions are taken up first<\/strong>, thereby enabling a strong base.<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 4<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Comprehensiveness<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong>\n As this Policy is interconnected and holistic, only a full-fledged implementation, and not a piecemeal one, will ensure that the desired objectives are achieved<\/strong>.<\/span>\u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930-\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u2014 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u2014 \u0905\u092d\u0940\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 5<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Centre\u2013State collaboration<\/span>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930-\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/span><\/strong>\n Since education is a concurrent subject<\/strong>, it will need careful planning, joint monitoring and collaborative implementation between the Centre and States<\/strong>.<\/span>\u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928, \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928<\/strong> \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 6<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Timely resources<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u092f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/span><\/strong>\n Timely infusion of requisite resources \u2014 human, infrastructural and financial \u2014 at the Central and State levels<\/strong> will be crucial for the satisfactory execution of the Policy.<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u2014 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935, \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u2014 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 7<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Analysis of linkages<\/span>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/strong>\n Careful analysis and review of the linkages between multiple parallel implementation steps<\/strong> will be necessary to ensure effective dovetailing of all initiatives \u2014 including early investment in specific actions, such as setting up ECCE infrastructure<\/strong>, that are imperative to a strong base.<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928-\u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u2014 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 ECCE \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Committees<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/span>Subject-wise implementation committees of experts<\/strong>, in cooperation and consultation with other relevant Ministries, will be set up at both the Central and State levels<\/strong> to develop detailed implementation plans for each aspect of the Policy.<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928-\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0938\u0947, \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Review<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/span>Yearly joint reviews<\/strong> of the progress of implementation, in accordance with the targets set for each action, will be conducted by designated teams constituted by the Ministry and the States<\/strong>, and reviews will be shared with CABE<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0932\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 CABE \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Horizon<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924\u093f\u091c<\/span><\/span>In the decade of 2030\u201340, the entire Policy will be in an operational mode<\/strong>, following which another comprehensive review will be undertaken<\/strong>.<\/span>2030\u201340 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928-\u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0924\u094d \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n The criticism this section invites, and the honest answer.<\/strong> The most common critique of NEP 2020 is that it is ambitious in vision but silent on enforceability<\/strong> \u2014 education being a concurrent subject, the Centre can recommend but not compel, and the 6% of GDP target has now been restated across three policies over five decades without being met. A balanced answer acknowledges this: the Policy's own principles concede the difficulty by placing Centre\u2013State collaboration<\/strong> and timely infusion of resources<\/strong> among the seven implementation principles. The Policy is a statement of direction backed by institutional design<\/strong>, not a statute \u2014 and its success therefore depends on sustained political and financial commitment over the 2030\u201340 decade.<\/span>\n \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0906\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0908\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0964<\/strong> NEP 2020 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u094c\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e GDP \u0915\u0947 6% \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0926\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930-\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928-\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e-\u0915\u0925\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u2014 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e 2030\u201340 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/section>\n\n\n \n <section class=\"chapter-content\" data-chap=\"6\">\n\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\">\n QUICK REVISION<\/span>\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/span>\n <h2>\n Numbers, Deadlines, Bodies and Abbreviations<\/span>\n \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930<\/span>\n <\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n \n Everything in this chapter appears in its proper context in Parts I to IV. It is collected here for the last revision before an examination, when what is needed is not explanation but recall.<\/span>\n \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0917 I \u0938\u0947 IV \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906 \u091a\u0941\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0938\u094d\u092e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n6-1\">\n 6.1<\/span>\n <h3>Every Number and Target<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>A. School education<\/span>\u0915. \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/h4>\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Figure<\/span>\u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What it refers to<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <th class=\"narrow\">\u00a7<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">85%<\/strong><\/td><td>Of a child's cumulative brain development occurs prior to age 6<\/strong> \u2014 the basis of ECCE<\/span>\u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u092f\u0940 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0906\u092f\u0941 6 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935<\/strong> \u2014 ECCE \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.1<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">5+3+3+4<\/strong><\/td><td>The new curricular structure, covering ages 3\u201318<\/strong>, replacing 10+2 which covered ages 6\u201318<\/span>\u0928\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u0906\u092f\u0941 3\u201318<\/strong>, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u092f\u0941 6\u201318 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 10+2 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">1.4<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">5 crore<\/strong><\/td><td>Children in elementary school who have not attained foundational literacy and numeracy<\/strong><\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0940<\/strong><\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.2<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">30:1 \/ 25:1<\/strong><\/td><td>Pupil\u2013teacher ratio at every school; the stricter 25:1 where there are large numbers of disadvantaged students<\/strong><\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924; \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 25:1<\/strong><\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.2<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">90.9 \/ 79.3 \/ 56.5<\/strong><\/td><td>GER percentages for Grades 6\u20138, 9\u201310 and 11\u201312<\/strong> respectively (2017\u201318)<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u0903 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 6\u20138, 9\u201310 \u090f\u0935\u0902 11\u201312<\/strong> \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 GER \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 (2017\u201318)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.3<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">3.22 crore<\/strong><\/td><td>Children out of school<\/strong>, as per U-DISE 2015\u201316<\/span>U-DISE 2015\u201316 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930<\/strong> \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.3<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">100%<\/strong><\/td><td>Target GER from pre-school to secondary level, by 2030<\/strong><\/span>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0924\u0915 2030 \u0924\u0915<\/strong> \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f GER<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.3<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">10 days<\/strong><\/td><td>The bagless period<\/strong> in Grades 6\u20138, interning with local vocational experts<\/span>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 6\u20138 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e-\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f<\/strong>, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.4<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">3, 5, 8<\/strong><\/td><td>The census examination grades<\/strong> conducted by the appropriate authority<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0928\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e-\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.5<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">2<\/strong><\/td><td>Occasions per year on which a student may take Board exams<\/strong> \u2014 one main and one for improvement<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.5<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">50 hours<\/strong><\/td><td>Minimum continuous professional development per teacher, per year<\/strong><\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong> \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.6<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">5\u201310 km<\/strong><\/td><td>The radius within which schools are grouped into a school complex<\/strong><\/span>\u0935\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0927\u093f \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.8<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <h4>B. Higher education and beyond<\/span>\u0916. \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0917\u0947<\/span><\/h4>\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Figure<\/span>\u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What it refers to<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <th class=\"narrow\">\u00a7<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">26.3% \u2192 50%<\/strong><\/td><td>Higher education GER, from 2018 to the 2035 target<\/strong>, including vocational education<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e GER, 2018 \u0938\u0947 2035 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0915<\/strong>, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.2<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">3,000+<\/strong><\/td><td>Students each multidisciplinary HEI will aim to have<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 HEI \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0917\u093e<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.2<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">15 years<\/strong><\/td><td>The period over which the affiliated college system will be phased out<\/strong><\/span>\u0935\u0939 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.2<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">1 \/ 2 \/ 3 \/ 4<\/strong><\/td><td>Years for certificate \/ diploma \/ Bachelor's \/ Bachelor's with Research<\/strong> under multiple exit<\/span>\u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 \/ \u0921\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u093e \/ \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \/ \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915<\/strong> \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.3<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">64<\/strong><\/td><td>The kalaas or arts<\/strong> described in Banabhatta's Kadambari as constituting a good education<\/span>\u092c\u093e\u0923\u092d\u091f\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0926\u0902\u092c\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 64 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u091c\u094b \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.3<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">10,000+<\/strong><\/td><td>Stand-alone Teacher Education Institutions not attempting serious teacher education<\/strong><\/span>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u094b \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947<\/strong><\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.7<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">50%<\/strong><\/td><td>Learners to have exposure to vocational education by 2025<\/strong><\/span>2025 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.8<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">52 \/ 75 \/ 96%<\/strong><\/td><td>Workforce with vocational education in the USA, Germany and South Korea<\/strong> \u2014 against India's very small percentage<\/span>\u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092c\u0932 \u2014 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u093c\u093e\u092c\u0932\u0947<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.8<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">0.69%<\/strong><\/td><td>India's research and innovation spend as a share of GDP<\/strong> \u2014 against 2.8% (USA), 4.3% (Israel), 4.2% (South Korea)<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e GDP \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0936<\/strong> \u2014 2.8% (\u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e), 4.3% (\u0907\u091c\u093c\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0932), 4.2% (\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u093c\u093e\u092c\u0932\u0947<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.9<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">9% \/ 1%<\/strong><\/td><td>Agricultural universities as a share of all universities, against under 1% of total enrolment<\/strong><\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0936, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u093e 1% \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e<\/strong><\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">4.1<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">220 \/ 197 \/ 22<\/strong><\/td><td>Languages lost in 50 years<\/strong> \/ declared endangered by UNESCO<\/strong> \/ listed in the Eighth Schedule<\/strong><\/span>50 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \/ UNESCO \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \/ \u0906\u0920\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">4.3<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">100<\/strong><\/td><td>Tourist destinations to be identified under Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat<\/strong><\/span>\u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u091f\u0928-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">4.3<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr style=\"background:#fff9ef;\"><td class=\"narrow\">4.43% \u2192 6%<\/strong><\/td><td>Public expenditure on education as a share of GDP \u2014 current against the target set in 1968<\/strong>. Education receives about 10% of total government spending<\/strong>.<\/span>GDP \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0936 \u2014 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e 1968 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/strong>\u0964 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 10%<\/strong> \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">5.2<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n6-2\">\n 6.2<\/span>\n <h3>The Timeline of Deadlines<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Year<\/span>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What is to be achieved<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">2020<\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>Policy approved on 29 July 2020<\/strong> by the Union Cabinet.<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f 29 \u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908 2020<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>MHRD re-designated as the Ministry of Education (MoE)<\/strong>.<\/span>MHRD \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f (MoE)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">2022<\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>National Professional Standards for Teachers (NPST)<\/strong> to be developed by NCTE.<\/span>NCTE \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 (NPST)<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Transformation of the assessment system<\/strong> to be in place by the 2022\u201323 academic session<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 2022\u201323 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0924\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr style=\"background:#fff9ef;\">\n <td class=\"narrow\">2025<\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>Universal foundational literacy and numeracy \u2014 every student by Grade 3.<\/strong> The Policy's single most urgent target.<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 3 \u0924\u0915\u0964<\/strong> \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>At least 50% of learners to have exposure to vocational education<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e 50% \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>States to address the small-school problem by grouping or rationalizing schools<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u0928 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">2030<\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>Universal provisioning of quality ECCE<\/strong>, so that all children entering Grade 1 are school-ready.<\/span>\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 ECCE \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/strong>, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 1 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f-\u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941-\u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>100% Gross Enrolment Ratio from pre-school to secondary level.<\/strong><\/span>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0924\u0915 100% \u0938\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n <li>The 4-year integrated B.Ed. becomes the minimum degree qualification for teaching<\/strong>; teacher education moves into multidisciplinary institutions; only sound TEIs remain<\/strong>.<\/span>4-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092c\u0940.\u090f\u0921. \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c TEI \u0936\u0947\u0937<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>At least one large multidisciplinary HEI in or near every district<\/strong>; professional and general education institutions merge organically<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 HEI<\/strong>; \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0947<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>SDG 4 target year \u2014 inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning for all<\/strong>.<\/span>SDG 4 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u2014 \u0938\u092c\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0906\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">2035<\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>Higher education GER to reach 50%<\/strong>, including vocational education.<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e GER 50% \u0924\u0915<\/strong>, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>All HEIs to be governed by an independent Board of Governors<\/strong>; affiliation phased out.<\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 HEI \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924; \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">2040<\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>All HEIs to become multidisciplinary institutions<\/strong> with large student enrolments.<\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 HEI \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>India to have an education system second to none<\/strong>, with equitable access for all learners regardless of social or economic background.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0928 \u0939\u094b<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">2030\u201340<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>The decade in which the entire Policy will be in operational mode<\/strong>, following which another comprehensive review will be undertaken<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0935\u0939 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928-\u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0924\u094d \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n6-3\">\n 6.3<\/span>\n <h3>New Bodies and Frameworks Created by the Policy<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0943\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u090f \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n Twenty-five bodies and frameworks are proposed. The examination question is almost always either \"expand the abbreviation and state its function\"<\/strong> or \"which body is responsible for X\"<\/strong>, so both are given below.<\/span>\n \u092a\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0940\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0903 \u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \"\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0907\u090f\"<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \"X \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u0948\"<\/strong>, \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Body<\/span>\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/th>\n <th>Full form and function<\/span>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/th>\n <th class=\"narrow\">\u00a7<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">PARAKH<\/strong><\/td><td>National Assessment Centre<\/strong> \u2014 Sets norms, standards and guidelines for student assessment for all recognized school boards; guides the State Achievement Survey and undertakes the National Achievement Survey.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.5<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">SSSA<\/strong><\/td><td>State School Standards Authority<\/strong> \u2014 An independent State-wide body setting minimal standards that all schools \u2014 public and private \u2014 must follow, regulating through public self-disclosure rather than inspection.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u091c\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u2014 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u2014 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.9<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">DSE<\/strong><\/td><td>Directorate of School Education<\/strong> \u2014 Handles the running of the public schooling system \u2014 service provision separated from regulation and policy-making.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.9<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NCPFECCE<\/strong><\/td><td>National Curricular and Pedagogical Framework for ECCE<\/strong> \u2014 To be developed by NCERT in two parts \u2014 for children up to age 3, and for ages 3 to 8. Serves as a guide for parents as well as institutions.<\/span>ECCE \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> \u2014 NCERT \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u2014 3 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0924\u0925\u093e 3 \u0938\u0947 8 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.1<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NCFSE<\/strong><\/td><td>National Curriculum Framework for School Education<\/strong> \u2014 To be developed by NCERT and revisited once every 5\u201310 years.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> \u2014 NCERT \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 5\u201310 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.4<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NCFTE<\/strong><\/td><td>National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education<\/strong> \u2014 To be formulated by NCTE in consultation with NCERT, based on the principles of this Policy.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> \u2014 \u0907\u0938 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, NCTE \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e NCERT \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.7<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NPST<\/strong><\/td><td>National Professional Standards for Teachers<\/strong> \u2014 A common guiding set of standards covering role expectations, required competencies and performance appraisal at each stage. To be reviewed in 2030.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915<\/strong> \u2014 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091a\u092f, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e-\u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928-\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924\u0964 2030 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.6<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NMM<\/strong><\/td><td>National Mission for Mentoring<\/strong> \u2014 A large pool of outstanding senior and retired faculty to provide short and long-term mentoring to university and college teachers.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u2014 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0935\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.7<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NTP<\/strong><\/td><td>National Tutors Programme<\/strong> \u2014 The best performers in each school become part-time tutors for their own school, for a few hours a week.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u0938\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0918\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0936\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.2<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">RIAP<\/strong><\/td><td>Remedial Instructional Aides Programme<\/strong> \u2014 Instructors from the local community, especially women, to support students who have fallen behind, ideally in the mother tongue.<\/span>\u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0938\u0947, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0924\u0903 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u0943\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.2<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">HECI<\/strong><\/td><td>Higher Education Commission of India<\/strong> \u2014 The single umbrella body for all higher education excluding medical and legal education, operating through four independent verticals.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u2014 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u090f\u0915\u0932 \u091b\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f, \u091c\u094b \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.10<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NHERC<\/strong><\/td><td>National Higher Education Regulatory Council<\/strong> \u2014 The regulation vertical of HECI \u2014 the single point regulator, working through public self-disclosure rather than inspection.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u2014 HECI \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u2014 \u090f\u0915\u0932-\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.10<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NAC<\/strong><\/td><td>National Accreditation Council<\/strong> \u2014 The accreditation vertical \u2014 a meta-accrediting body. Accreditation is the primary means of regulating institutions and the basis of graded autonomy.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u2014 \u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.10<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">HEGC<\/strong><\/td><td>Higher Education Grants Council<\/strong> \u2014 The funding vertical \u2014 funds institutions on transparent criteria based on their Institutional Development Plans.<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u2014 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u2014 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.10<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">GEC<\/strong><\/td><td>General Education Council<\/strong> \u2014 The academic standards vertical \u2014 frames expected learning outcomes or graduate attributes, and formulates the NHEQF. Professional councils act as PSSBs under it.<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u2014 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u2014 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915-\u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e NHEQF \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 PSSB \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.10<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NRF<\/strong><\/td><td>National Research Foundation<\/strong> \u2014 Funds competitive peer-reviewed research across four initial divisions \u2014 sciences, technology, social sciences, and arts and humanities. Governed independently of government.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u2014 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u2014 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c-\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u2014 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940-\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923\u0964 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.9<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">MERU<\/strong><\/td><td>Multidisciplinary Education and Research University<\/strong> \u2014 Model public universities at par with IITs and IIMs, aiming at the highest global standards and setting the benchmark for multidisciplinary education.<\/span>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong> \u2014 IIT \u090f\u0935\u0902 IIM \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u092e \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.2<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">ABC<\/strong><\/td><td>Academic Bank of Credit<\/strong> \u2014 Digitally stores academic credits earned from various recognized HEIs, so that degrees can be awarded taking earned credits into account. What makes multiple entry and exit workable.<\/span>\u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915<\/strong> \u2014 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 HEI \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0938\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.3<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NHEQF<\/strong><\/td><td>National Higher Education Qualification Framework<\/strong> \u2014 Formulated by the GEC, in sync with the NSQF, to ease integration of vocational education into higher education.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> \u2014 GEC \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e, NSQF \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.3<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NCIVE<\/strong><\/td><td>National Committee for the Integration of Vocational Education<\/strong> \u2014 Experts in vocational education and representatives from across Ministries, to oversee the integration of vocational education.<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u2014 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.8<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">IITI<\/strong><\/td><td>Indian Institute of Translation and Interpretation<\/strong> \u2014 To make high-quality learning and other material available in various Indian and foreign languages, employing multilingual language and subject experts.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091a\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u2014 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">4.3<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NETF<\/strong><\/td><td>National Educational Technology Forum<\/strong> \u2014 An autonomous body providing a platform for free exchange of ideas on using technology to enhance learning, assessment, planning and administration.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u091a<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e, \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928, \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0902\u091a \u0926\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">4.4<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">SEZ<\/strong><\/td><td>Special Education Zone<\/strong> \u2014 Regions with large populations from educationally disadvantaged SEDGs, where all schemes and policies are implemented through additional concerted effort.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u2014 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 SEDG \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.7<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">AEC<\/strong><\/td><td>Adult Education Centre<\/strong> \u2014 May be housed within school complexes, HEIs and vocational training centres, using school infrastructure after hours.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u2014 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932\u094b\u0902, HEI \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f-\u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">4.2<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n6-4\">\n 6.4<\/span>\n <h3>Abbreviations Used in the Policy<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n The Policy carries its own list of abbreviations; this is that list, alphabetically ordered, with Hindi equivalents. Each is also expanded where it first appears in Parts I to IV.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930-\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0917 I \u0938\u0947 IV \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"abbr-grid\">\n <div>\n <table>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>Abbr.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a<\/span><\/th>\n <th>Full form<\/span>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">ABC<\/td><td>Academic Bank of Credit<\/span>\u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">AEC<\/td><td>Adult Education Centre<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">AI<\/td><td>Artificial Intelligence<\/span>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">AYUSH<\/td><td>Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy<\/span>\u0906\u092f\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926, \u092f\u094b\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e, \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u092e\u094d\u092f\u094b\u092a\u0948\u0925\u0940<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">B.Ed.<\/td><td>Bachelor of Education<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">B.Voc<\/td><td>Bachelor of Vocational Education<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">BEO<\/td><td>Block Education Officer<\/span>\u0916\u0902\u0921 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">BITE<\/td><td>Block Institute of Teacher Education<\/span>\u0916\u0902\u0921 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">BoA<\/td><td>Board of Assessment<\/span>\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">BoG<\/td><td>Board of Governors<\/span>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">BRC<\/td><td>Block Resource Centre<\/span>\u0916\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">CABE<\/td><td>Central Advisory Board of Education<\/span>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">CBCS<\/td><td>Choice Based Credit System<\/span>\u091a\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938 \u092c\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">CBSE<\/td><td>Central Board of Secondary Education<\/span>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">CIET<\/td><td>Central Institute of Educational Technology<\/span>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">CMP<\/td><td>Career Management and Progression<\/span>\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">CPD<\/td><td>Continuous Professional Development<\/span>\u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">CRC<\/td><td>Cluster Resource Centre<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">CWSN<\/td><td>Children With Special Needs<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">DEO<\/td><td>District Education Officer<\/span>\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">DIET<\/td><td>District Institute of Education and Training<\/span>\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">DIKSHA<\/td><td>Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing<\/span>\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">DSE<\/td><td>Directorate of School Education<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">ECCE<\/td><td>Early Childhood Care and Education<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">EEC<\/td><td>Eminent Expert Committee<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">GCED<\/td><td>Global Citizenship Education<\/span>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">GDP<\/td><td>Gross Domestic Product<\/span>\u0938\u0915\u0932 \u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">GEC<\/td><td>General Education Council<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">GER<\/td><td>Gross Enrolment Ratio<\/span>\u0938\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">GFR<\/td><td>General Financial Rule<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">HECI<\/td><td>Higher Education Commission of India<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">HEGC<\/td><td>Higher Education Grants Council<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">HEI<\/td><td>Higher Education Institution<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">ICT<\/td><td>Information and Communication Technology<\/span>\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">IDP<\/td><td>Institutional Development Plan<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">IGNOU<\/td><td>Indira Gandhi National Open University<\/span>\u0907\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">IITI<\/td><td>Indian Institute of Translation and Interpretation<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091a\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">ISL<\/td><td>Indian Sign Language<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">ITI<\/td><td>Industrial Training Institute<\/span>\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">M.Ed.<\/td><td>Master of Education<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">MERU<\/td><td>Multidisciplinary Education and Research University<\/span>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">MHRD<\/td><td>Ministry of Human Resource Development<\/span>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">MoE<\/td><td>Ministry of Education<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">MOOC<\/td><td>Massive Open Online Course<\/span>\u0935\u0943\u0939\u0924\u094d \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NAC<\/td><td>National Accreditation Council<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NAS<\/td><td>National Achievement Survey<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <table>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>Abbr.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a<\/span><\/th>\n <th>Full form<\/span>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NCC<\/td><td>National Cadet Corps<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0948\u0921\u0947\u091f \u0915\u094b\u0930<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NCERT<\/td><td>National Council of Educational Research and Training<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NCF<\/td><td>National Curriculum Framework<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NCFSE<\/td><td>National Curriculum Framework for School Education<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NCFTE<\/td><td>National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NCIVE<\/td><td>National Committee for the Integration of Vocational Education<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NCPFECCE<\/td><td>National Curricular and Pedagogical Framework for ECCE<\/span>ECCE \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NCTE<\/td><td>National Council for Teacher Education<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NCVET<\/td><td>National Council for Vocational Education and Training<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NETF<\/td><td>National Educational Technology Forum<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u091a<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NHEQF<\/td><td>National Higher Education Qualifications Framework<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NHERC<\/td><td>National Higher Education Regulatory Council<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NIOS<\/td><td>National Institute of Open Schooling<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NPE<\/td><td>National Policy on Education<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NPST<\/td><td>National Professional Standards for Teachers<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NRF<\/td><td>National Research Foundation<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NSQF<\/td><td>National Skills Qualifications Framework<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NTA<\/td><td>National Testing Agency<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">ODL<\/td><td>Open and Distance Learning<\/span>\u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">PARAKH<\/td><td>Performance Assessment, Review and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928-\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928, \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">PFMS<\/td><td>Public Financial Management System<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">PSSB<\/td><td>Professional Standard Setting Body<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">PTR<\/td><td>Pupil Teacher Ratio<\/span>\u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">RCI<\/td><td>Rehabilitation Council of India<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">RPwD<\/td><td>Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Act, 2016)<\/span>\u0926\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0917\u091c\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 (\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 2016)<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SAS<\/td><td>State Achievement Survey<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SCDP<\/td><td>School Complex\/Cluster Development Plan<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SCERT<\/td><td>State Council of Educational Research and Training<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SCMC<\/td><td>School Complex Management Committee<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SDG<\/td><td>Sustainable Development Goal<\/span>\u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SDP<\/td><td>School Development Plan<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SEDG<\/td><td>Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Group<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SEZ<\/td><td>Special Education Zone<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SIOS<\/td><td>State Institute of Open Schooling<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SMC<\/td><td>School Management Committee<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SQAAF<\/td><td>School Quality Assessment and Accreditation Framework<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SSA<\/td><td>Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan<\/span>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SSSA<\/td><td>State School Standards Authority<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">STEM<\/td><td>Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SWAYAM<\/td><td>Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds<\/span>\u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u092e\u0902\u091a<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">TEI<\/td><td>Teacher Education Institution<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">TET<\/td><td>Teacher Eligibility Test<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">U-DISE<\/td><td>Unified District Information System for Education<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">UGC<\/td><td>University Grants Commission<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">UNESCO<\/td><td>United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915, \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"recap-box\">\n The Policy in Six Sentences<\/span>\u091b\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/span>\n <ul class=\"split-list\">\n <li>1<\/span>NEP 2020<\/strong>, approved on 29 July 2020, is the first education policy of the 21st century<\/strong> and replaces NPE 1986 as modified in 1992.<\/span>NEP 2020<\/strong>, 29 \u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908 2020 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924, 21\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e 1992 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 NPE 1986 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>2<\/span>It restructures school education from 10+2 to 5+3+3+4<\/strong>, bringing children aged 3 to 6 inside the school system for the first time, on the ground that 85 per cent of brain development occurs before age 6<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b 10+2 \u0938\u0947 5+3+3+4<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u093e 3 \u0938\u0947 6 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f 85 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0906\u092f\u0941 6 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>3<\/span>Its most urgent single goal<\/strong> is universal foundational literacy and numeracy by Grade 3, by 2025<\/strong> \u2014 until which the rest of the Policy is, in its own words, largely irrelevant for those students.<\/span>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c \u090f\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 2025 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 3 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u2014 \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u092f\u0939 \u0928 \u0939\u094b, \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0928 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936\u0924\u0903 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>4<\/span>Assessment shifts from summative and rote-based to formative and competency-based<\/strong>, with a 360-degree holistic progress card<\/strong> and a new standard-setting body, PARAKH<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u091f\u0928\u0947-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 360-\u0905\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u092f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f PARAKH<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>5<\/span>Higher education moves towards large multidisciplinary institutions<\/strong> with a 4-year Bachelor's offering multiple exit<\/strong>, regulated by a single body, HECI<\/strong>, through four independent verticals \u2014 with the aim of raising GER to 50 per cent by 2035<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e 4-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915<\/strong> \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u090f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f HECI<\/strong> \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947 \u2014 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 GER \u0915\u094b 2035 \u0924\u0915 50 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924<\/strong> \u0924\u0915 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>6<\/span>The Policy is to be financed by raising public expenditure to 6 per cent of GDP<\/strong> \u2014 a target first set in 1968<\/strong> and still unmet \u2014 and is to be fully operational in the decade 2030\u201340<\/strong>, after which it will be reviewed again.<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u094b GDP \u0915\u0947 6 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924<\/strong> \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u092f\u0939 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 1968<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u092f \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092f\u0939 2030\u201340 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <div class=\"recap-foot\">\n \ud83d\udccc Source: National Education Policy 2020, Ministry of Human Resource Development (now the Ministry of Education), Government of India.<\/span>\n \ud83d\udccc \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924: \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f 2020, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f (\u0905\u092c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f), \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/section>\n\n <\/main>\n<\/div>\n\n<button class=\"to-top\" id=\"toTop\" aria-label=\"Back to top\">\u2191<\/button>\n\n<script>\n(function () {\n 'use strict';\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 LANGUAGE TOGGLE \u2500\u2500 *\/\n var langToggle = document.getElementById('langToggle');\n var optEn = document.getElementById('optEn');\n var optHi = document.getElementById('optHi');\n\n function setLanguage(lang) {\n if (lang === 'hi') {\n document.body.classList.add('hindi-mode');\n optHi.classList.add('active');\n optEn.classList.remove('active');\n document.title = '\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f 2020 | \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 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.def-card:nth-child(3) { border-left-color: var(--teal); }\n .def-card:nth-child(4) { border-left-color: var(--amber); }\n .def-card:nth-child(5) { border-left-color: var(--purple); }\n .def-card .def-who {\n font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); line-height: 1.4;\n }\n .def-card .def-who small { display: block; font-size: 10.5px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--muted); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin-top: 2px; }\n .def-card .def-text { font-size: 13.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.68; }\n @media (max-width: 620px) { .def-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 6px; } }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 FORMULA CARD (new) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .formula-card {\n background: linear-gradient(130deg, var(--navy) 0%, #1c3a63 100%);\n border-radius: 12px; padding: 22px 26px; margin: 18px 0 24px;\n color: #fff; text-align: center;\n }\n .formula-card .fx-eyebrow {\n font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.16em;\n text-transform: uppercase; color: #ffd970; margin-bottom: 12px;\n }\n .formula-card .fx-body {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: clamp(13px, 2vw, 16px); font-weight: 700;\n line-height: 1.9; color: #fff;\n }\n .formula-card .fx-body em { color: #ffd970; font-style: normal; }\n .formula-card .fx-note {\n margin-top: 12px; padding-top: 12px;\n border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.2);\n font-size: 12.5px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.9); line-height: 1.6;\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 VS COMPARE (new) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .vs-compare { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr; gap: 0; margin: 18px 0 24px; align-items: stretch; }\n .vs-side { background: #fff; border: 2px solid var(--border); border-radius: 12px; padding: 18px 20px; }\n .vs-side.left { border-color: var(--blue); background: linear-gradient(180deg, #eef4fc 0%, #fff 65%); }\n .vs-side.right { border-color: var(--teal); background: linear-gradient(180deg, #eefbf7 0%, #fff 65%); }\n .vs-side h5 { font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 4px; }\n .vs-side .vs-tag {\n display: inline-block; font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: 9.5px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase;\n padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #fff;\n }\n .vs-side.left .vs-tag { background: var(--blue); }\n .vs-side.right .vs-tag { background: var(--teal); }\n .vs-side ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; font-size: 12.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.65; }\n .vs-side ul li { padding: 4px 0 4px 16px; position: relative; }\n .vs-side ul li::before { content: '\u25b8'; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 4px; color: var(--blue); font-size: 10px; }\n .vs-side.right ul li::before { color: var(--teal); }\n .vs-mid {\n display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n padding: 0 12px; font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-weight: 800; font-size: 13px; color: var(--muted);\n }\n @media (max-width: 720px) {\n .vs-compare { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 10px; }\n .vs-mid { padding: 2px 0; }\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 TABLES \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .data-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 16px 0 24px; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid var(--border); font-size: 13.5px; }\n .data-table thead tr { background: var(--navy); color: #fff; }\n .data-table th { padding: 11px 14px; text-align: left; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.04em; }\n .data-table th.narrow, .data-table td.narrow { width: 52px; text-align: center; }\n .data-table td { padding: 11px 14px; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.6; }\n .data-table td.narrow { font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--blue); }\n .data-table tr:nth-child(even) td { background: #f9fbfd; }\n .data-table td strong { color: var(--navy); }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 NUMBERED STACK \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .num-stack { counter-reset: ns; list-style: none; margin: 16px 0 24px; }\n .num-stack li {\n counter-increment: ns; position: relative;\n padding: 12px 16px 12px 56px; margin-bottom: 7px;\n background: #fff; border: 1.5px solid var(--border);\n border-left: 4px solid var(--blue);\n border-radius: 6px; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 1.65;\n }\n .num-stack li::before {\n content: counter(ns);\n position: absolute; left: 12px; top: 50%; transform: translateY(-50%);\n width: 30px; height: 30px; border-radius: 50%;\n background: var(--navy); color: #fff;\n display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-weight: 700; font-size: 12px;\n }\n .num-stack.roman li::before { content: counter(ns, upper-roman); font-size: 10.5px; }\n .num-stack.alpha li::before { content: counter(ns, lower-alpha); }\n .num-stack li strong { color: var(--navy); }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 FEATURE GRID \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .feat-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(230px, 1fr)); gap: 12px; margin: 16px 0 24px; }\n .feat-card {\n background: #fff; border: 1.5px solid var(--border);\n border-radius: 10px; padding: 14px 16px 14px 46px;\n position: relative; font-size: 12.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.6;\n border-left: 4px solid var(--teal);\n }\n .feat-card .fc-num {\n position: absolute; left: 10px; top: 14px;\n width: 26px; height: 26px; border-radius: 50%;\n background: var(--teal); color: #fff;\n display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-weight: 700; font-size: 11px;\n }\n .feat-card strong { color: var(--navy); display: block; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 13px; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 LADDER (hierarchical taxonomy levels) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .ladder { margin: 18px 0 26px; }\n .rung {\n display: grid; grid-template-columns: 54px 1fr; gap: 16px;\n background: #fff; border: 1.5px solid var(--border);\n border-radius: 10px; padding: 16px 18px; margin-bottom: 8px;\n align-items: start; transition: transform 0.15s, border-color 0.15s;\n }\n .rung:hover { transform: translateX(3px); border-color: var(--blue); }\n .rung .rung-step {\n width: 54px; text-align: center;\n }\n .rung .rung-num {\n display: block; width: 40px; height: 40px; margin: 0 auto 4px;\n border-radius: 10px; color: #fff;\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-weight: 700; font-size: 15px;\n display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n }\n .rung .rung-tier { font-size: 8.5px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }\n .rung h5 { font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 5px; }\n .rung h5 .revised { font-size: 11px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--purple); font-style: italic; }\n .rung p { font-size: 13px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.65; margin: 0 0 6px; text-align: justify; }\n .rung .rung-eg {\n margin-top: 8px; padding: 8px 12px;\n background: #f7fbff; border-left: 3px solid var(--sky);\n border-radius: 0 5px 5px 0; font-size: 12px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.6;\n }\n .rung .rung-eg b { color: var(--blue); text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0.08em; display: block; margin-bottom: 3px; }\n .rung:nth-child(1) .rung-num { background: var(--teal); }\n .rung:nth-child(2) .rung-num { background: var(--sky); }\n .rung:nth-child(3) .rung-num { background: var(--blue); }\n .rung:nth-child(4) .rung-num { background: var(--gold); }\n .rung:nth-child(5) .rung-num { background: var(--amber); }\n .rung:nth-child(6) .rung-num { background: var(--plum); }\n .rung:nth-child(1) { border-left: 4px solid var(--teal); }\n .rung:nth-child(2) { border-left: 4px solid var(--sky); }\n .rung:nth-child(3) { border-left: 4px solid var(--blue); }\n .rung:nth-child(4) { border-left: 4px solid var(--gold); }\n .rung:nth-child(5) { border-left: 4px solid var(--amber); }\n .rung:nth-child(6) { border-left: 4px solid var(--plum); }\n @media (max-width: 560px) { .rung { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .rung .rung-step { text-align: left; } .rung .rung-num { margin: 0 0 4px; } }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 DOMAIN CARDS (3 domains) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .domain-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 14px; margin: 18px 0 26px; }\n .domain-card {\n border: 2px solid var(--border); border-radius: 14px;\n padding: 20px 18px; text-align: center; background: #fff;\n position: relative; transition: transform 0.18s, box-shadow 0.18s;\n }\n .domain-card:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(20,36,63,0.10); }\n .domain-card.cog { border-color: var(--blue); background: linear-gradient(180deg, #eef4fc 0%, #fff 62%); }\n .domain-card.aff { border-color: var(--plum); background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fdf0f5 0%, #fff 62%); }\n .domain-card.psy { border-color: var(--teal); background: linear-gradient(180deg, #eefbf7 0%, #fff 62%); }\n .domain-card .dm-icon {\n width: 54px; height: 54px; border-radius: 50%;\n margin: 0 auto 10px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n font-size: 25px; color: #fff;\n }\n .domain-card.cog .dm-icon { background: var(--blue); }\n .domain-card.aff .dm-icon { background: var(--plum); }\n .domain-card.psy .dm-icon { background: var(--teal); }\n .domain-card h5 { font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 4px; }\n .domain-card .dm-gandhi {\n display: inline-block; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700;\n letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase;\n padding: 2px 10px; border-radius: 10px; margin-bottom: 8px; color: #fff;\n }\n .domain-card.cog .dm-gandhi { background: var(--blue); }\n .domain-card.aff .dm-gandhi { background: var(--plum); }\n .domain-card.psy .dm-gandhi { background: var(--teal); }\n .domain-card p { font-size: 12.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0; text-align: center; }\n .domain-card .dm-levels {\n margin-top: 10px; padding-top: 10px; border-top: 1px dashed var(--border);\n font-size: 11px; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.5;\n }\n @media (max-width: 720px) { .domain-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 ENRICHMENT BOX (beyond the textbook) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .enrich-box {\n border: 2px dashed var(--purple); border-radius: 12px;\n padding: 22px 24px; margin: 22px 0 26px;\n background: linear-gradient(180deg, #faf6ff 0%, #fff 70%);\n position: relative;\n }\n .enrich-stamp {\n position: absolute; top: -11px; left: 20px;\n background: var(--purple); color: #fff;\n font-size: 9.5px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.1em;\n text-transform: uppercase; padding: 3px 12px; border-radius: 4px;\n }\n .enrich-box h4 { margin-top: 6px !important; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 SCALE STRIP (nominal\u2192ratio) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .scale-strip { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); gap: 0; margin: 16px 0 18px; }\n .scale-step {\n position: relative; padding: 16px 14px; text-align: center;\n background: #fff; border: 2px solid var(--border); border-radius: 10px;\n margin: 0 5px;\n }\n .scale-step:nth-child(1) { border-color: var(--teal); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#eefbf7 0%,#fff 70%); }\n .scale-step:nth-child(2) { border-color: var(--sky); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#eaf6ff 0%,#fff 70%); }\n .scale-step:nth-child(3) { border-color: var(--amber); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fffaef 0%,#fff 70%); }\n .scale-step:nth-child(4) { border-color: var(--plum); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fdf0f5 0%,#fff 70%); }\n .scale-step .ss-num {\n display: inline-block; font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: 9.5px; font-weight: 700; color: #fff;\n padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 3px; margin-bottom: 6px;\n }\n .scale-step:nth-child(1) .ss-num { background: var(--teal); }\n .scale-step:nth-child(2) .ss-num { background: var(--sky); }\n .scale-step:nth-child(3) .ss-num { background: var(--amber); }\n .scale-step:nth-child(4) .ss-num { background: var(--plum); }\n .scale-step h6 { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 4px; }\n .scale-step p { font-size: 11.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0; text-align: center; }\n .scale-step:not(:last-child)::after {\n content: '\u203a'; position: absolute; right: -10px; top: 50%;\n transform: translateY(-50%); font-size: 22px; color: #b8c8d8; font-weight: 700; z-index: 2;\n }\n @media (max-width: 780px) {\n .scale-strip { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); row-gap: 12px; }\n .scale-step:nth-child(2)::after { display: none; }\n }\n @media (max-width: 460px) {\n .scale-strip { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\n .scale-step::after { display: none; }\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 CHECK YOUR PROGRESS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .cyp-box {\n background: linear-gradient(95deg, #fffaef 0%, #fff 70%);\n border: 1.5px solid #f0d58a; border-left: 4px solid var(--amber);\n border-radius: 0 10px 10px 0; padding: 18px 22px; margin: 22px 0;\n }\n .cyp-title {\n font-size: 10.5px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase;\n letter-spacing: 0.12em; color: var(--amber); margin-bottom: 12px;\n }\n .cyp-q {\n border-bottom: 1px dashed #f0d58a; padding: 8px 0;\n }\n .cyp-q:last-child { border-bottom: none; }\n .cyp-q summary {\n cursor: pointer; font-size: 13.5px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy);\n list-style: none; display: flex; gap: 10px; align-items: flex-start;\n }\n .cyp-q summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }\n .cyp-q summary::before {\n content: 'Q'; flex-shrink: 0;\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700;\n background: var(--amber); color: #fff; padding: 2px 7px; border-radius: 3px; margin-top: 3px;\n }\n .cyp-q[open] summary { color: var(--amber); }\n .cyp-q .cyp-a {\n margin: 8px 0 4px 34px; padding: 10px 14px;\n background: #fff; border-left: 3px solid var(--teal); border-radius: 0 5px 5px 0;\n font-size: 13px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.7;\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 GLOSSARY \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .glossary { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr)); gap: 10px; margin: 16px 0 24px; }\n .gloss-item {\n background: #fff; border: 1.5px solid var(--border);\n border-left: 4px solid var(--sky); border-radius: 8px;\n padding: 12px 15px; font-size: 12.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.6;\n }\n .gloss-item b { display: block; color: var(--navy); font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 3px; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 QUESTION BANK \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .qbank { margin: 16px 0 24px; }\n .qbank-head {\n display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; margin: 18px 0 10px;\n }\n .qbank-head .qb-pill {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.08em;\n padding: 4px 12px; border-radius: 12px; color: #fff; text-transform: uppercase;\n }\n .qbank-head .qb-pill.short { background: var(--teal); }\n .qbank-head .qb-pill.long { background: var(--plum); }\n .qbank-head h5 { font-size: 13.5px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin: 0; }\n .qbank ol { margin: 0 0 0 24px; }\n .qbank ol li { font-size: 13.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.75; padding: 4px 0; }\n .qbank ol li::marker { color: var(--blue); font-weight: 700; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 EXAM TIP \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .exam-tip {\n background: linear-gradient(95deg, #f2fdfa 0%, #fff 70%);\n border: 1.5px solid #7fd3c5; border-radius: 10px;\n padding: 14px 18px; margin: 16px 0 22px;\n display: grid; grid-template-columns: 40px 1fr; gap: 14px; align-items: start;\n }\n .exam-tip .et-icon {\n width: 40px; height: 40px; border-radius: 10px;\n background: var(--teal); color: #fff;\n display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 19px;\n }\n .exam-tip .et-body { font-size: 13px; color: #1a4a3f; line-height: 1.68; }\n .exam-tip .et-body strong { color: var(--teal); }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 PROCESS FLOW (step chain) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .flow-wrap { margin: 18px 0 26px; }\n .flow-note {\n font-size: 12.5px; color: var(--muted); font-style: italic;\n background: #f7fbff; border-left: 3px solid var(--sky);\n padding: 8px 14px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; margin-bottom: 14px;\n }\n .flow-steps { position: relative; padding-left: 4px; }\n .flow-steps::before {\n content: ''; position: absolute; left: 23px; top: 18px; bottom: 18px;\n width: 2px; border-radius: 2px;\n background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--teal) 0%, var(--sky) 35%, var(--blue) 70%, var(--navy) 100%);\n }\n .flow-step {\n position: relative; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 48px 1fr;\n gap: 16px; align-items: start; margin-bottom: 9px;\n }\n .flow-step .fs-num {\n position: relative; z-index: 1;\n width: 38px; height: 38px; border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 5px;\n background: #fff; border: 2.5px solid var(--blue); color: var(--blue);\n display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-weight: 700; font-size: 13px;\n box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px #fff;\n }\n .flow-step .fs-body {\n background: #fff; border: 1.5px solid var(--border);\n border-left: 4px solid var(--blue); border-radius: 8px;\n padding: 11px 16px; font-size: 13.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.65;\n transition: transform 0.15s, border-color 0.15s, box-shadow 0.15s;\n }\n .flow-step:hover .fs-body {\n transform: translateX(4px); border-color: var(--sky);\n box-shadow: 0 3px 12px rgba(20,36,63,0.07);\n }\n .flow-step .fs-body strong { color: var(--navy); }\n .flow-step .fs-body .fs-sub { display: block; margin-top: 3px; font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); }\n .flow-step:nth-child(1) .fs-num { border-color: var(--teal); color: var(--teal); }\n .flow-step:nth-child(1) .fs-body { border-left-color: var(--teal); }\n .flow-step:nth-child(2) .fs-num { border-color: var(--sky); color: var(--sky); }\n .flow-step:nth-child(2) .fs-body { border-left-color: var(--sky); }\n .flow-step:last-child .fs-num { background: var(--navy); border-color: var(--navy); color: #fff; }\n .flow-step:last-child .fs-body {\n border-left-color: var(--navy);\n background: linear-gradient(95deg, #f3f6fb 0%, #fff 65%);\n }\n @media (max-width: 520px) {\n .flow-step { grid-template-columns: 40px 1fr; gap: 12px; }\n .flow-steps::before { left: 19px; }\n .flow-step .fs-num { width: 32px; height: 32px; font-size: 11.5px; margin-left: 3px; }\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 SPLIT LIST (breaks run-on enumerations inside callouts \/ rung-eg) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .split-list { list-style: none; margin: 9px 0 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px; }\n .split-list li {\n display: grid; grid-template-columns: 22px 1fr; gap: 8px; align-items: start;\n font-size: 12.5px; line-height: 1.62; color: #2c3e50;\n padding: 7px 11px; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);\n border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.05); border-left: 2.5px solid var(--sky);\n border-radius: 0 5px 5px 0;\n }\n .split-list li .sl-tag {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700;\n color: var(--blue); text-align: center; padding-top: 1px;\n }\n .callout.amber .split-list li { border-left-color: var(--amber); }\n .callout.amber .split-list li .sl-tag { color: var(--amber); }\n .callout.red .split-list li { border-left-color: var(--red); }\n .callout.red .split-list li .sl-tag { color: var(--red); }\n .callout.teal .split-list li { border-left-color: var(--teal); }\n .callout.teal .split-list li .sl-tag { color: var(--teal); }\n .callout.purple .split-list li { border-left-color: var(--purple); }\n .callout.purple .split-list li .sl-tag { color: var(--purple); }\n .exam-tip .split-list li { border-left-color: var(--teal); background: #fff; }\n .exam-tip .split-list li .sl-tag { color: var(--teal); }\n .rung-eg .split-list { margin-top: 6px; }\n .rung-eg .split-list li { background: #fff; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 KEY\u2013VALUE BLOCK (Examples: \/ Tools: \/ Features:) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .kv-block { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; margin-top: 9px; }\n .kv-row {\n display: grid; grid-template-columns: 92px 1fr; gap: 11px; align-items: start;\n font-size: 12.5px; line-height: 1.62; color: #2c3e50;\n }\n .kv-row .kv-key {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: 9px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase;\n color: #fff; background: var(--blue); padding: 4px 6px; border-radius: 10px;\n text-align: center; margin-top: 1px;\n }\n .kv-row:nth-child(2) .kv-key { background: var(--teal); }\n .kv-row:nth-child(3) .kv-key { background: var(--amber); }\n @media (max-width: 520px) {\n .kv-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 4px; }\n .kv-row .kv-key { justify-self: start; padding: 3px 10px; }\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 SKILL MAP (overview cards) + UNIFORM SKILL HEADERS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .skill-map { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr); gap: 10px; margin: 18px 0 8px; }\n .skill-chip {\n display: block; text-align: center; padding: 14px 10px 13px;\n background: #fff; border: 1.5px solid var(--border); border-top: 3px solid var(--blue);\n border-radius: 10px; transition: transform 0.18s, box-shadow 0.18s, border-color 0.18s;\n }\n .skill-chip:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(20,36,63,0.10); }\n .skill-chip .sc-num {\n display: inline-block; font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: 9.5px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase;\n color: #fff; background: var(--blue); padding: 2px 9px; border-radius: 10px; margin-bottom: 7px;\n }\n .skill-chip .sc-icon { display: block; font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 5px; }\n .skill-chip h6 { font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 4px; }\n .skill-chip p { font-size: 10.5px; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.45; margin: 0; text-align: center; }\n .skill-chip.s1 { border-top-color: var(--teal); } .skill-chip.s1 .sc-num { background: var(--teal); }\n .skill-chip.s2 { border-top-color: var(--sky); } .skill-chip.s2 .sc-num { background: var(--sky); }\n .skill-chip.s3 { border-top-color: var(--blue); } .skill-chip.s3 .sc-num { background: var(--blue); }\n .skill-chip.s4 { border-top-color: var(--amber); } .skill-chip.s4 .sc-num { background: var(--amber); }\n .skill-chip.s5 { border-top-color: var(--plum); } .skill-chip.s5 .sc-num { background: var(--plum); }\n @media (max-width: 820px) { .skill-map { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); } }\n @media (max-width: 430px) { .skill-map { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }\n\n .skill-head {\n display: grid; grid-template-columns: 46px 1fr; gap: 14px; align-items: center;\n margin: 34px 0 14px; padding-bottom: 10px;\n border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border); scroll-margin-top: 20px;\n }\n .skill-head .sh-num {\n width: 46px; height: 46px; border-radius: 12px;\n display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-weight: 700; font-size: 17px; color: #fff;\n background: var(--blue);\n }\n .skill-head h5 { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin: 0; }\n .skill-head .sh-tag { display: block; font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 3px; line-height: 1.45; }\n .skill-head.s1 { border-bottom-color: #7fd3c5; } .skill-head.s1 .sh-num { background: var(--teal); }\n .skill-head.s2 { border-bottom-color: #a6d8f2; } .skill-head.s2 .sh-num { background: var(--sky); }\n .skill-head.s3 { border-bottom-color: #a8c4e4; } .skill-head.s3 .sh-num { background: var(--blue); }\n .skill-head.s4 { border-bottom-color: #f0d58a; } .skill-head.s4 .sh-num { background: var(--amber); }\n .skill-head.s5 { border-bottom-color: #e0aac4; } .skill-head.s5 .sh-num { background: var(--plum); }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 RECAP BOX (dotted, sets a revision block apart) \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .recap-box {\n border: 2px dotted var(--teal); border-radius: 12px;\n padding: 26px 24px 20px; margin: 34px 0 28px;\n background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f2fdfa 0%, #fff 55%);\n position: relative;\n }\n .recap-stamp {\n position: absolute; top: -11px; left: 20px;\n background: var(--teal); color: #fff;\n font-size: 9.5px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.1em;\n text-transform: uppercase; padding: 3px 12px; border-radius: 4px;\n }\n .recap-box > h5.sub { margin-top: 2px !important; color: var(--teal); }\n .recap-box .data-table { margin-bottom: 6px; }\n .recap-box .recap-foot {\n font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); font-style: italic;\n padding-top: 10px; border-top: 1px dashed #7fd3c5; margin-top: 4px;\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 GRAPH THUMBNAILS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .graph-thumb {\n width: 100%; max-width: 150px; height: auto; display: block;\n background: #fbfdff; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 6px; padding: 4px;\n }\n .graph-thumb text { font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 7px; fill: var(--muted); }\n td.thumb-cell { width: 160px; vertical-align: middle; }\n @media (max-width: 720px) { td.thumb-cell { width: 110px; } }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 PREVIOUS-YEAR MCQ BOX \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .mcq-box {\n background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fff9ef 0%, #fff 60%);\n border: 1.5px solid #f0d58a; border-left: 4px solid var(--amber);\n border-radius: 10px; padding: 20px 22px 16px; margin: 26px 0 30px;\n }\n .mcq-title {\n display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 9px; flex-wrap: wrap;\n font-family: 'Crimson Pro', serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;\n color: var(--amber); margin-bottom: 4px;\n }\n .mcq-src {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 9px; font-weight: 700;\n letter-spacing: 0.06em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff;\n background: var(--amber); padding: 3px 9px; border-radius: 10px;\n }\n .mcq-note { font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 12px; }\n details.mcq-q {\n background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 7px;\n margin-bottom: 9px; overflow: hidden;\n }\n details.mcq-q summary {\n cursor: pointer; padding: 11px 15px; font-size: 13.5px; font-weight: 600;\n color: var(--navy); list-style: none; line-height: 1.55;\n display: flex; gap: 9px; align-items: flex-start;\n }\n details.mcq-q summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }\n details.mcq-q summary::before {\n content: '\u25b8'; color: var(--amber); font-size: 12px; flex-shrink: 0; padding-top: 2px;\n transition: transform 0.18s;\n }\n details.mcq-q[open] summary::before { transform: rotate(90deg); }\n details.mcq-q summary:hover { background: #fffaf2; }\n .mcq-num {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 10.5px; font-weight: 700;\n color: #fff; background: var(--navy); padding: 2px 7px; border-radius: 4px;\n flex-shrink: 0; margin-top: 1px;\n }\n .mcq-opts { padding: 0 15px 4px 38px; }\n .mcq-opts li {\n font-size: 12.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.65; margin-bottom: 3px; list-style: none;\n }\n .mcq-ans {\n margin: 8px 15px 14px 38px; padding: 11px 14px;\n background: #f2fdfa; border-left: 3px solid var(--teal); border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;\n font-size: 12.5px; line-height: 1.7; color: #1a4a3f;\n }\n .mcq-ans b { color: var(--teal); }\n .mcq-ans .mcq-ref {\n display: block; margin-top: 6px; padding-top: 6px; border-top: 1px dashed #7fd3c5;\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 10.5px; color: var(--muted);\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 ABBREVIATION TABLE \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .abbr-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 0 26px; margin: 18px 0 28px; }\n @media (max-width: 900px) { .abbr-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }\n .abbr-grid table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 12.5px; }\n .abbr-grid thead th {\n background: var(--navy); color: #fff; text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px;\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 9.5px; font-weight: 700;\n letter-spacing: 0.07em; text-transform: uppercase;\n }\n .abbr-grid tbody tr { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }\n .abbr-grid tbody tr:nth-child(even) { background: #f8fbfe; }\n .abbr-grid tbody tr:hover { background: #eef5fd; }\n .abbr-grid td { padding: 7px 12px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.55; }\n .abbr-grid td.ab {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-weight: 700; font-size: 11.5px;\n color: var(--blue); white-space: nowrap; width: 78px;\n }\n .abbr-grid td.ab sub { font-size: 9px; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 PROS \/ CONS PANELS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .pc-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 20px; margin: 22px 0 30px; }\n @media (max-width: 860px) { .pc-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }\n .pc-panel { border-radius: 11px; padding: 17px 20px 15px; border: 1.5px solid; }\n .pc-panel.pro { background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f1fdf9 0%, #fff 55%); border-color: #a3dbcc; }\n .pc-panel.con { background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fff6f4 0%, #fff 55%); border-color: #f0bcb4; }\n .pc-panel.neu { background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f5f8fd 0%, #fff 55%); border-color: #b9cde6; }\n .pc-head {\n display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;\n font-family: 'Crimson Pro', serif; font-size: 15.5px; font-weight: 700;\n padding-bottom: 9px; margin-bottom: 11px; border-bottom: 1px dashed;\n }\n .pc-panel.pro .pc-head { color: var(--teal); border-color: #b6e3d6; }\n .pc-panel.con .pc-head { color: var(--red); border-color: #f3ccc6; }\n .pc-panel.neu .pc-head { color: var(--blue); border-color: #cbdcef; }\n .pc-head .pc-ico {\n width: 21px; height: 21px; border-radius: 50%; flex-shrink: 0;\n display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n font-size: 11px; color: #fff; font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;\n }\n .pc-panel.pro .pc-ico { background: var(--teal); }\n .pc-panel.con .pc-ico { background: var(--red); }\n .pc-panel.neu .pc-ico { background: var(--blue); }\n .pc-panel ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }\n .pc-panel li {\n position: relative; padding-left: 21px; margin-bottom: 9px;\n font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 1.68; color: var(--text);\n }\n .pc-panel li:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }\n .pc-panel li::before { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; font-weight: 700; font-size: 11.5px; }\n .pc-panel.pro li::before { content: '\u2713'; color: var(--teal); }\n .pc-panel.con li::before { content: '\u2717'; color: var(--red); }\n .pc-panel.neu li::before { content: '\u25b8'; color: var(--blue); }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 LIST INSIDE A TABLE CELL \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .cell-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }\n .cell-list li { position: relative; padding-left: 15px; margin-bottom: 5px; line-height: 1.6; }\n .cell-list li:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }\n .cell-list li::before { content: '\u25aa'; position: absolute; left: 0; color: var(--sky); font-size: 10px; top: 1px; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 DIVIDER \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .section-divider { border: none; border-top: 1.5px dashed var(--border); margin: 44px 0; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 SIDEBAR \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .sidebar { position: sticky; top: 24px; max-height: calc(100vh - 48px); }\n .toc-card {\n background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--border);\n border-radius: 8px; padding: 18px 20px;\n max-height: calc(100vh - 48px); overflow-y: auto;\n }\n .toc-card-title { font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.14em; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 14px; }\n .toc-chapter {\n background: var(--navy); color: #fff;\n border-radius: 6px; padding: 10px 14px;\n cursor: pointer; user-select: none;\n display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px;\n transition: background 0.18s;\n }\n .toc-chapter:hover { background: #1c3a63; }\n .toc-chapter.active { background: linear-gradient(95deg, var(--navy) 0%, #1c3a63 100%); box-shadow: inset 3px 0 0 #ffd970; }\n .toc-chapter .chap-num {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n background: #ffd970; color: var(--navy);\n font-size: 10.5px; font-weight: 700;\n padding: 2px 7px; border-radius: 3px; flex-shrink: 0;\n }\n .toc-chapter .chap-name { font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.35; flex: 1; }\n .toc-chapter .chevron { flex-shrink: 0; width: 14px; height: 14px; transition: transform 0.25s ease; }\n .toc-chapter.collapsed .chevron { transform: rotate(-90deg); }\n .toc-sub-wrapper { max-height: 2200px; overflow: hidden; transition: max-height 0.32s ease; }\n .toc-chapter.collapsed + .toc-sub-wrapper { max-height: 0; }\n .toc-sub { list-style: none; margin: 6px 0 4px 8px; padding-left: 6px; border-left: 1.5px solid var(--border); }\n .toc-sub li { margin-bottom: 1px; }\n .toc-sub li a {\n display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 8px;\n font-size: 12.5px; color: #444;\n padding: 5px 8px; border-radius: 4px;\n border-left: 2px solid transparent;\n transition: all 0.15s; line-height: 1.45;\n }\n .toc-sub li a .sub-num {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: 10.5px; color: var(--muted);\n flex-shrink: 0; min-width: 30px;\n }\n .toc-sub li a:hover { background: #f5f7fa; color: var(--blue); }\n .toc-sub li a.active { background: #eef4ff; border-left-color: var(--blue); color: var(--blue); font-weight: 600; }\n .toc-sub li.endmatter a { color: var(--purple); }\n .toc-sub li.endmatter a:hover { background: #faf6ff; }\n .toc-sub li.endmatter a.active { background: #faf6ff; border-left-color: var(--purple); color: var(--purple); }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 CHAPTER TABS \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .chapter-content { display: none; }\n .chapter-content.active { display: block; animation: fadeIn 0.25s ease; }\n @keyframes fadeIn { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(4px); } to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); } }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 PLACEHOLDER \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .placeholder {\n border: 2px dashed var(--border); border-radius: 14px;\n padding: 48px 32px; text-align: center; background: #fcfdff; margin-top: 20px;\n }\n .placeholder .ph-icon { font-size: 40px; display: block; margin-bottom: 12px; opacity: 0.6; }\n .placeholder h4 { font-size: 16px; color: var(--navy); margin: 0 0 8px !important; }\n .placeholder p { font-size: 13.5px; color: var(--muted); text-align: center; max-width: 460px; margin: 0 auto 14px; }\n .placeholder .ph-list { display: inline-block; text-align: left; font-size: 12.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.9; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 BACK TO TOP \u2500\u2500 *\/\n .to-top {\n position: fixed; right: 22px; bottom: 22px; z-index: 50;\n width: 42px; height: 42px; border-radius: 50%;\n background: var(--navy); color: #fff; border: none;\n font-size: 17px; cursor: pointer; opacity: 0;\n pointer-events: none; transition: opacity 0.25s;\n box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(20,36,63,0.3);\n }\n .to-top.show { opacity: 1; pointer-events: auto; }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 RESPONSIVE \u2500\u2500 *\/\n @media (max-width: 880px) {\n .layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; padding: 28px 22px 64px; }\n .sidebar { position: static; max-height: none; }\n .toc-card { max-height: none; }\n .keyfact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\n .hero { padding: 46px 22px 42px; }\n .breadcrumb-bar { padding: 10px 22px; }\n }\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 PRINT \u2500\u2500 *\/\n @media print {\n .pc-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 12px; }\n .pc-panel, .pc-panel li, .cell-list li { page-break-inside: avoid; }\n .pc-panel { background: #fff !important; }\n .abbr-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }\n .abbr-grid tr { page-break-inside: avoid; }\n\n .sidebar, .lang-toggle-bar, .to-top, .breadcrumb-bar { display: none !important; }\n .layout { display: block; max-width: 100%; padding: 0; }\n .hero { background: #14243f !important; -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact; padding: 24px; }\n .chapter-content { display: block !important; }\n .cyp-q { }\n .cyp-q .cyp-a { display: block !important; }\n .rung:hover, .domain-card:hover { transform: none; }\n body { font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.5; }\n .section-heading-block { page-break-after: avoid; }\n .rung, .def-card, .callout, .formula-card, .cyp-box { page-break-inside: avoid; }\n .flow-step, .split-list li, .kv-row, .exam-tip { page-break-inside: avoid; }\n .flow-steps::before { -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact; }\n }\n<\/style>\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Crimson+Pro:wght@400;600;700&family=DM+Sans:wght@400;500;600;700&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;600;700&family=Noto+Sans+Devanagari:wght@400;600;700&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n<style>\n \/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 ELEMENTOR RESET \u2014 strips host-page spacing \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n .elementor-section.elementor-section-stretched,\n .elementor-section-full_width,\n .elementor-container,\n .elementor-column,\n .elementor-column-wrap,\n .elementor-widget-wrap,\n .elementor-element {\n padding: 0 !important;\n margin: 0 !important;\n gap: 0 !important;\n }\n\n \/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 SHARED HERO \u2014 applies to all notes pages \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n .hero {\n width: 100%;\n background: linear-gradient(130deg, #0f2a4a 0%, #1a5fa8 38%, #c97c10 78%, #d68b1e 100%);\n padding: 60px 48px 56px;\n color: #fff;\n position: relative;\n overflow: hidden;\n text-align: left;\n }\n .hero::before {\n content: ''; position: absolute; inset: 0;\n background-image: url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='60' height='60' viewBox='0 0 60 60' xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%3E%3Cg fill='none'%3E%3Cg fill='%23ffffff' fill-opacity='0.05'%3E%3Cpath d='M36 34v-4h-2v4h-4v2h4v4h2v-4h4v-2h-4zm0-30V0h-2v4h-4v2h4v4h2V6h4V4h-4zM6 34v-4H4v4H0v2h4v4h2v-4h4v-2H6zM6 4V0H4v4H0v2h4v4h2V6h4V4H6z'\/%3E%3C\/g%3E%3C\/g%3E%3C\/svg%3E\");\n pointer-events: none;\n }\n .hero::after {\n content: ''; position: absolute; right: -80px; top: -100px;\n width: 500px; height: 500px; border-radius: 50%;\n background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(255,255,255,0.10) 0%, transparent 65%);\n pointer-events: none;\n }\n .hero-inner { max-width: 1100px; margin: 0 auto; position: relative; z-index: 1; }\n .hero-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 320px; gap: 36px; align-items: center; }\n .hero-text { min-width: 0; }\n .hero-illustration {\n width: 320px; max-width: 100%;\n filter: drop-shadow(0 10px 22px rgba(0,0,0,0.22));\n animation: heroFloat 6s ease-in-out infinite;\n }\n .hero-illustration svg { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }\n @keyframes heroFloat {\n 0%, 100% { transform: translateY(0); }\n 50% { transform: translateY(-6px); }\n }\n .hero-kicker {\n display: inline-block;\n background: rgba(255,255,255,0.18); color: #fff;\n font-size: 11px; font-weight: 700;\n padding: 6px 14px; border-radius: 20px;\n letter-spacing: 0.14em; text-transform: uppercase;\n margin-bottom: 18px;\n border: 1px solid 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class=\"hero\">\n <div class=\"hero-inner hero-grid\">\n <div class=\"hero-text\">\n UPSC \u2022 Principal & Vice Principal<\/span>\n <h1>\n National Education Policy 2020<\/span>\n \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f 2020<\/span>\n <\/h1>\n \n Complete policy notes | Bilingual, part-wise, examination-ready<\/span>\n \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0938 | \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940, \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0930, \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940<\/span>\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"hero-illustration\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 320 280\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Stack of study notes with open notebook and pen\">\n <ellipse cx=\"160\" cy=\"245\" rx=\"125\" ry=\"14\" fill=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.18)\"\/>\n <g 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cy=\"220\" r=\"2\"\/>\n <\/g>\n <g stroke=\"#fff\" stroke-width=\"1\" opacity=\"0.8\" fill=\"none\">\n <path d=\"M 15 70 l 0 -8 M 11 66 l 8 0\"\/>\n <path d=\"M 295 130 l 0 -6 M 292 127 l 6 0\"\/>\n <\/g>\n <\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"breadcrumb-bar\">\n <div class=\"breadcrumb-inner\">\n <a href=\"#\">Home<\/span>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920<\/span><\/a>\n \u203a<\/span>\n <a href=\"#\">Notes<\/span>\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0938<\/span><\/a>\n \u203a<\/span>\n National Education Policy 2020<\/span>\n \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f 2020<\/span>\n\n <div class=\"lang-toggle-bar\">\n <div class=\"lang-toggle-btn\" id=\"langToggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Switch language\">\n <div class=\"lang-option active\" id=\"optEn\">English<\/div>\n <div class=\"lang-option\" id=\"optHi\">\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"layout\">\n\n \n <aside class=\"sidebar\">\n <div class=\"toc-card\">\n <div class=\"toc-title\">\n Contents<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"toc-chapter\" data-chap=\"1\">\n 1<\/span>\n \n Foundations<\/span>\n \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <svg class=\"chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"3\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polyline points=\"6 9 12 15 18 9\"><\/polyline><\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrapper\">\n <ul class=\"toc-sub\">\n <li><a href=\"#n1-0\">1.0<\/span>Why a New Policy<\/span>\u0928\u0908 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n1-1\">1.1<\/span>Previous Policies<\/span>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n1-2\">1.2<\/span>Principles of the Policy<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n1-3\">1.3<\/span>Vision of the Policy<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n1-4\">1.4<\/span>The 5+3+3+4 Structure<\/span>5+3+3+4 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"toc-chapter collapsed\" data-chap=\"2\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n P2<\/span>\n \n Part I \u2014 School Education<\/span>\n \u092d\u093e\u0917 I \u2014 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <svg class=\"chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"3\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polyline points=\"6 9 12 15 18 9\"><\/polyline><\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrapper\">\n <ul class=\"toc-sub\">\n <li><a href=\"#n2-1\">2.1<\/span>Early Childhood Care & Education<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n2-2\">2.2<\/span>Foundational Literacy & Numeracy<\/span>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n2-3\">2.3<\/span>Dropout Rates & Universal Access<\/span>\u0905\u092a\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n2-4\">2.4<\/span>Curriculum and Pedagogy<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n2-5\">2.5<\/span>Assessment Reform<\/span>\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n2-6\">2.6<\/span>Teachers<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n2-7\">2.7<\/span>Equitable and Inclusive Education<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n2-8\">2.8<\/span>School Complexes & Governance<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n2-9\">2.9<\/span>Standard-setting & Accreditation<\/span>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"toc-chapter collapsed\" data-chap=\"3\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n P3<\/span>\n \n Part II \u2014 Higher Education<\/span>\n \u092d\u093e\u0917 II \u2014 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <svg class=\"chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"3\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polyline points=\"6 9 12 15 18 9\"><\/polyline><\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrapper\">\n <ul class=\"toc-sub\">\n <li><a href=\"#n3-1\">3.1<\/span>Vision & Problems of Higher Education<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n3-2\">3.2<\/span>Institutional Restructuring<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n3-3\">3.3<\/span>Holistic & Multidisciplinary Education<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n3-4\">3.4<\/span>Learning Environments & Student Support<\/span>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n3-5\">3.5<\/span>Faculty<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n3-6\">3.6<\/span>Equity and Inclusion<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n3-7\">3.7<\/span>Teacher Education<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n3-8\">3.8<\/span>Vocational Education<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n3-9\">3.9<\/span>Research and the NRF<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 NRF<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n3-10\">3.10<\/span>Regulatory System: HECI<\/span>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930: HECI<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n3-11\">3.11<\/span>Governance and Leadership<\/span>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"toc-chapter collapsed\" data-chap=\"4\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n P4<\/span>\n \n Part III \u2014 Other Key Areas<\/span>\n \u092d\u093e\u0917 III \u2014 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <svg class=\"chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"3\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polyline points=\"6 9 12 15 18 9\"><\/polyline><\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrapper\">\n <ul class=\"toc-sub\">\n <li><a href=\"#n4-1\">4.1<\/span>Professional Education<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n4-2\">4.2<\/span>Adult Education & Lifelong Learning<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n4-3\">4.3<\/span>Indian Languages, Arts and Culture<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n4-4\">4.4<\/span>Technology Use and Integration<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n4-5\">4.5<\/span>Online and Digital Education<\/span>\u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"toc-chapter collapsed\" data-chap=\"5\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n P5<\/span>\n \n Part IV \u2014 Making It Happen<\/span>\n \u092d\u093e\u0917 IV \u2014 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <svg class=\"chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"3\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polyline points=\"6 9 12 15 18 9\"><\/polyline><\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrapper\">\n <ul class=\"toc-sub\">\n <li><a href=\"#n5-1\">5.1<\/span>Strengthening CABE<\/span>CABE \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n5-2\">5.2<\/span>Financing Education<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n5-3\">5.3<\/span>Implementation<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"toc-chapter collapsed\" data-chap=\"6\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n 6<\/span>\n \n Quick Revision<\/span>\n \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <svg class=\"chevron\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"3\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polyline points=\"6 9 12 15 18 9\"><\/polyline><\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrapper\">\n <ul class=\"toc-sub\">\n <li><a href=\"#n6-1\">6.1<\/span>Every Number and Target<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n6-2\">6.2<\/span>Timeline of Deadlines<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n6-3\">6.3<\/span>New Bodies Created<\/span>\u0928\u0935\u0938\u0943\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#n6-4\">6.4<\/span>Abbreviations<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/aside>\n\n <main class=\"article\">\n\n \n <section class=\"chapter-content active\" data-chap=\"1\">\n\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\">\n FOUNDATIONS<\/span>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/span>\n <h2>\n Introduction, Principles and Vision<\/span>\n \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f, \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f<\/span>\n <\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"keyfact-grid\">\n <div class=\"keyfact-card navy-hi\">\n \ud83d\udcdc<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">Approved<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">29 July 2020<\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">The first education policy of the 21st century; replaces NPE 1986, modified 1992<\/span>21\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f; NPE 1986 (\u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 1992) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keyfact-card teal-hi\">\n \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">Structural Change<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">10+2 \u2192 5+3+3+4<\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">Ages 6\u201318 extended to ages 3\u201318, bringing ECCE inside the school structure<\/span>\u0906\u092f\u0941 6\u201318 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 3\u201318 \u0924\u0915, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 ECCE \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0906 \u0917\u0908<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keyfact-card amber-hi\">\n \ud83c\udfaf<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">Target Year<\/span>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">2040<\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">India to have an education system \"second to none\", with equitable access for all<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \"\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\" \u0939\u094b, \u0938\u092c\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n1-0\">\n 1.0<\/span>\n <h3>Why a New Policy Was Needed<\/span>\u0928\u0908 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n The Policy opens with a single claim on which everything else rests: education is fundamental for achieving full human potential, developing an equitable and just society, and promoting national development<\/strong>. India will have the highest population of young people in the world over the next decade<\/strong>, and the Policy argues that the quality of education offered to them will determine the country's future.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0938\u092c \u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u0964 \u0906\u0917\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <h4>The four pressures that produced the Policy<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"feat-grid\">\n <div class=\"feat-card\">1<\/span>A changing knowledge landscape<\/span>\u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/strong>With big data, machine learning and artificial intelligence<\/strong>, many unskilled jobs may be taken over by machines, while demand grows for mathematics, computer science and data science combined with multidisciplinary ability.<\/span>\u092c\u093f\u0917 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e, \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">2<\/span>Environmental pressure<\/span>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935<\/span><\/strong>Climate change, pollution and depleting natural resources<\/strong> will shift how the world meets its energy, water, food and sanitation needs, demanding new skills in biology, chemistry, physics, agriculture and climate science.<\/span>\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e, \u091c\u0932, \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935-\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928, \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941-\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u090f \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">3<\/span>Epidemics and pandemics<\/span>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/strong>Their growing emergence calls for collaborative research in infectious disease management and vaccine development<\/strong>, and heightens the need for multidisciplinary learning.<\/span>\u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u0917-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">4<\/span>SDG 4 commitment<\/span>SDG 4 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong>India adopted the 2030 Agenda in 2015<\/strong>; Goal 4 seeks to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning for all<\/strong> by 2030, which requires the whole system to be reconfigured.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0947 2015<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 2030 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e; \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f 4 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f 2030 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udccc The sentence that captures the whole Policy<\/span>\ud83d\udccc \u0935\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0947\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/div>\n It is becoming increasingly critical that children not only learn, but more importantly learn how to learn<\/strong>. Education must therefore move towards less content<\/strong> and more towards how to think critically and solve problems, how to be creative and multidisciplinary, and how to innovate, adapt and absorb new material<\/strong> in novel and changing fields.<\/span>\n \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0905\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0947\u0902<\/strong>\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0938 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e-\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b, \u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u090f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0908 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>What pedagogy must become<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0928\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/h4>\n \n The Policy lists the qualities pedagogy must acquire, and the list is worth memorizing in order, because it recurs throughout the document: experiential, holistic, integrated, inquiry-driven, discovery-oriented, learner-centred, discussion-based, flexible<\/strong> and, of course, enjoyable<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0902\u0920\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u093c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915, \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930, \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924, \u091c\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0938\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923-\u0909\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0941\u0916, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e-\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0939 \u0906\u0928\u0902\u0926\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The capacities the Policy names<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/div>\n Education must develop not only cognitive capacities<\/strong> \u2014 both the foundational capacities<\/strong> of literacy and numeracy and higher-order<\/strong> capacities such as critical thinking and problem solving \u2014 but also social, ethical and emotional capacities and dispositions<\/strong>. This three-way split is the Policy's own version of the domains of educational objectives, and it governs its whole approach to assessment.<\/span>\n \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e-\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u2014 \u0905\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915, \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092d\u0940<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f-\u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The Indian knowledge inheritance<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e<\/span><\/h4>\n \n The Policy grounds itself explicitly in Indian tradition. The pursuit of knowledge (Jnan), wisdom (Pragyaa) and truth (Satya)<\/strong> was always the highest human goal in Indian thought, and the aim of ancient Indian education was not merely acquisition of knowledge as preparation for life, but complete realization and liberation of the self<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u0903 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0938\u0926\u0948\u0935 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0939\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0905\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0941 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Institutions<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/span>Takshashila, Nalanda, Vikramshila, Vallabhi<\/strong> \u2014 set the highest standards of multidisciplinary teaching and research and hosted scholars from across countries.<\/span>\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e, \u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e, \u0935\u0932\u094d\u0932\u092d\u0940<\/strong> \u2014 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u091c\u093c\u092c\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Scholars<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/span>Charaka, Susruta, Aryabhata, Varahamihira, Bhaskaracharya, Brahmagupta, Chanakya, Chakrapani Datta, Madhava, Panini, Patanjali, Nagarjuna, Gautama, Pingala, Sankardev, Maitreyi, Gargi<\/strong> and Thiruvalluvar.<\/span>\u091a\u0930\u0915, \u0938\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0924, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092d\u091f, \u0935\u0930\u093e\u0939\u092e\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0930, \u092d\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f, \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924, \u091a\u093e\u0923\u0915\u094d\u092f, \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092a\u093e\u0923\u093f \u0926\u0924\u094d\u0924, \u092e\u093e\u0927\u0935, \u092a\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0928\u093f, \u092a\u0924\u0902\u091c\u0932\u093f, \u0928\u093e\u0917\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0941\u0928, \u0917\u094c\u0924\u092e, \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0932, \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0935, \u092e\u0948\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092f\u0940, \u0917\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0935\u0930\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Fields<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/span>Mathematics, astronomy, metallurgy, medical science and surgery, civil engineering, architecture, shipbuilding and navigation, yoga, fine arts and chess.<\/span>\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924, \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932, \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e, \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u0932\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0932 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0915\u0932\u093e, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u091c\u093c-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928, \u092f\u094b\u0917, \u0932\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u0930\u0902\u091c\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n1-1\">\n 1.1<\/span>\n <h3>Previous Policies and What Was Left Unfinished<\/span>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u0942\u0930\u093e \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"flow-wrap\">\n <div class=\"flow-note\">\n \ud83d\udcdc NEP 2020 is the third<\/strong> national education policy. Note the gap \u2014 34 years<\/strong> separate 1986 from 2020, and the Policy repeatedly points out that the internet's disruptive effect could not have been predicted in 1986.<\/span>\n \ud83d\udcdc NEP 2020 \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902 \u2014 1986 \u090f\u0935\u0902 2020 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a 34 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f 1986 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0935\u0902\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-steps\">\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 1<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n National Policy on Education, 1968<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f, 1968<\/span><\/strong>\n First envisaged public expenditure on education at 6% of GDP<\/strong> \u2014 a target reiterated in 1986 and reaffirmed in the 1992 review, and still unmet.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f GDP \u0915\u0947 6%<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u2014 \u091c\u094b 1986 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, 1992 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 2<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n NPE 1986, modified 1992<\/span>NPE 1986, \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 1992<\/span><\/strong>\n Its implementation focused largely on issues of access and equity<\/strong>. Its unfinished agenda<\/strong> is what NEP 2020 says it now addresses.<\/span>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u093e\u0964 NEP 2020 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092c \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 3<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Right to Education Act, 2009<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 2009<\/span><\/strong>\n The major development since 1986\/92 \u2014 it laid down the legal underpinnings for achieving universal elementary education<\/strong>.<\/span>1986\/92 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u2014 \u0907\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0930\u0916\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 4<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n National Education Policy, 2020<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f, 2020<\/span><\/strong>\n Proposes the revision and revamping of all aspects of the education structure, including its regulation and governance<\/strong>, to create a system aligned with 21st century goals including SDG4.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902, \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924, \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0920\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f SDG4 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 21\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n1-2\">\n 1.2<\/span>\n <h3>The Fundamental Principles of the Policy<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The purpose, stated in one sentence<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928<\/span><\/div>\n The purpose of the education system is to develop good human beings capable of rational thought and action, possessing compassion and empathy, courage and resilience, scientific temper and creative imagination, with sound ethical moorings and values<\/strong>. It aims at producing engaged, productive and contributing citizens<\/strong> for building an equitable, inclusive and plural society as envisaged by the Constitution.<\/span>\n \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0915\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u094b\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0941\u0923\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924\u093f, \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0938 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0924\u093e, \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0902<\/strong>\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n \n The Policy lists 22 fundamental principles<\/strong> that guide both the system at large and individual institutions. They are grouped below by what each is really about; the wording of each is the Policy's own.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f 22 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u2014 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Group<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939<\/span><\/th>\n <th>Principles<\/span>\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">The learner<\/span>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>Recognizing, identifying and fostering the unique capabilities of each student<\/strong>, by sensitizing teachers as well as parents to promote holistic development in both academic and non-academic spheres.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928<\/strong>, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Flexibility<\/strong>, so that learners can choose their learning trajectories and programmes, and thereby choose their own paths in life according to their talents and interests.<\/span>\u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928<\/strong>, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0925 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u091a\u0941\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928-\u092a\u0925 \u091a\u0941\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Life skills<\/strong> such as communication, cooperation, teamwork and resilience.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u0923, \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917, \u0926\u0932\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0924\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928-\u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Learning<\/span>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>According the highest priority to achieving Foundational Literacy and Numeracy by all students by Grade 3<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 3 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Emphasis on conceptual understanding rather than rote learning and learning-for-exams<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0930\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941-\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092c\u094b\u0927<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0932\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Creativity and critical thinking<\/strong> to encourage logical decision-making and innovation.<\/span>\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Focus on regular formative assessment for learning<\/strong> rather than the summative assessment that encourages today's 'coaching culture'.<\/span>\u0906\u091c \u0915\u0940 '\u0915\u094b\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f' \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">No silos<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928-\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>No hard separations<\/strong> between arts and sciences, between curricular and extra-curricular activities, between vocational and academic streams \u2014 to eliminate harmful hierarchies and silos.<\/span>\u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0939-\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u2014 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Multidisciplinarity and holistic education<\/strong> across the sciences, social sciences, arts, humanities and sports, to ensure the unity and integrity of all knowledge.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c-\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u0915\u0932\u093e, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0916\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong>, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Synergy in curriculum across all levels<\/strong>, from early childhood care and education to school education to higher education.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0932<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Language<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>Promoting multilingualism and the power of language<\/strong> in teaching and learning.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923-\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Respect for diversity and for the local context<\/strong> in all curriculum, pedagogy and policy, keeping in mind that education is a concurrent subject<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/strong>, \u092f\u0939 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Rootedness and pride in India<\/strong> and its rich, diverse, ancient and modern culture, knowledge systems and traditions.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927, \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f, \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0935<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Values<\/span>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>Ethics and human & Constitutional values<\/strong> \u2014 empathy, respect for others, cleanliness, courtesy, democratic spirit, spirit of service, respect for public property, scientific temper, liberty, responsibility, pluralism, equality and justice.<\/span>\u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924\u093f, \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e, \u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e, \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e-\u092d\u093e\u0935, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Full equity and inclusion<\/strong> as the cornerstone of all educational decisions.<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Education is a public service<\/strong>; access to quality education must be considered a basic right of every child<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948; \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">System<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>Teachers and faculty as the heart of the learning process<\/strong> \u2014 their recruitment, continuous professional development, positive working environments and service conditions.<\/span>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/strong> \u2014 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940, \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e-\u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>A 'light but tight' regulatory framework<\/strong> to ensure integrity, transparency and resource efficiency through audit and public disclosure, while encouraging innovation through autonomy and empowerment.<\/span>\u0905\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e, \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928-\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 '\u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906' \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e<\/strong>, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Outstanding research as a corequisite<\/strong> for outstanding education and development.<\/span>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Continuous review of progress<\/strong> based on sustained research and regular assessment by educational experts.<\/span>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Extensive use of technology<\/strong> in teaching and learning, removing language barriers, increasing access for Divyang students, and in educational planning and management.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923-\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0923, \u0926\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Substantial investment<\/strong> in a strong, vibrant public education system, alongside encouragement of true philanthropic private and community participation.<\/span>\u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c, \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/strong>, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n1-3\">\n 1.3<\/span>\n <h3>The Vision of the Policy<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The vision statement<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f-\u0915\u0925\u0928<\/span><\/div>\n The Policy envisions an education system rooted in Indian ethos<\/strong> that contributes directly to transforming India, that is Bharat<\/strong>, sustainably into an equitable and vibrant knowledge society<\/strong>, by providing high-quality education to all, and thereby making India a global knowledge superpower<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0915\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0915\u094b \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b<\/strong> \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0902\u0924 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/span>\n Curriculum and pedagogy must develop among students a deep sense of respect towards the Fundamental Duties and Constitutional values<\/strong>, bonding with one's country, and a conscious awareness of one's roles and responsibilities in a changing world. The vision is to instil a deep-rooted pride in being Indian \u2014 not only in thought, but also in spirit, intellect and deeds<\/strong> \u2014 and to develop knowledge, skills, values and dispositions that support responsible commitment to human rights, sustainable development and living, and global well-being<\/strong>, thereby reflecting a truly global citizen<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/strong>, \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0935, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091a\u0947\u0924 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u2014 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0905\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0941 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e, \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940<\/strong> \u2014 \u092d\u0930\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932, \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u0902\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\ud83c\udf93<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n What a good educational institution looks like, in the Policy's own words.<\/strong> One in which every student feels welcomed and cared for<\/strong>, where a safe and stimulating learning environment<\/strong> exists, where a wide range of learning experiences<\/strong> are offered, and where good physical infrastructure and appropriate resources<\/strong> conducive to learning are available to all students. Attaining these qualities must be the goal of every educational institution \u2014 but the Policy immediately adds that there must also be seamless integration and coordination across institutions and across all stages of education<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong> \u0935\u0939 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0947<\/strong>, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940\u092a\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/strong> \u0939\u094b, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0936\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0932\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u2014 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0927 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f<\/strong> \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n1-4\">\n 1.4<\/span>\n <h3>The 5+3+3+4 Curricular and Pedagogical Structure<\/span>5+3+3+4 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n This is the single most examined element of the Policy. The extant 10+2 structure will be modified<\/strong> with a new pedagogical and curricular restructuring of 5+3+3+4 covering ages 3\u201318<\/strong>. The crucial point is why<\/em>: under 10+2, children aged 3\u20136 were not covered at all<\/strong>, because Class 1 begins at age 6. The new structure brings Early Childhood Care and Education from age 3<\/strong> inside the school system.<\/span>\n \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0936 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 10+2 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u0930 3\u201318 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 5+3+3+4<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0908 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/em>: 10+2 \u092e\u0947\u0902 3\u20136 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u0947<\/strong>, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 1 \u0906\u092f\u0941 6 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0906\u092f\u0941 3 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\u26a0\ufe0f The line examiners test most often<\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/div>\n The above-described stages are purely curricular and pedagogical<\/strong>, designed to optimize learning based on the cognitive development of children; they will inform the development of National and State curricula and teaching-learning strategies at each stage, but parallel changes to physical infrastructure will not be required<\/strong>. In other words, 5+3+3+4 does not<\/strong> mean school buildings must be rebuilt.<\/span>\n \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902; \u092f\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923-\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947<\/strong>\u0964 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, 5+3+3+4 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f-\u092d\u0935\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"ladder\">\n <div class=\"rung\">\n <div class=\"rung-step\">5<\/span>Ages 3\u20138<\/span>\u0906\u092f\u0941 3\u20138<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div>\n <h5>Foundational Stage<\/span>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u091a\u0930\u0923<\/span> \u2192 in two parts<\/span>\u2192 \u0926\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n 3 years of Anganwadi \/ pre-school \/ Balvatika<\/strong> (ages 3\u20136) + 2 years in primary school, Grades 1\u20132<\/strong> (ages 6\u20138). Five years of flexible, multilevel, play- and activity-based learning<\/strong>.<\/span>3 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0906\u0901\u0917\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \/ \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \/ \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0935\u093e\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong> (\u0906\u092f\u0941 3\u20136) + 2 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 1\u20132<\/strong> (\u0906\u092f\u0941 6\u20138)\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f, \u0916\u0947\u0932- \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <div class=\"rung-eg\">Note<\/span>\u091f\u093f\u092a\u094d\u092a\u0923\u0940<\/span><\/b>This is the only stage that spans two institutions<\/strong> \u2014 Anganwadi and primary school \u2014 which is why the Policy insists Anganwadis be integrated into school complexes.<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0926\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong> \u2014 \u0906\u0901\u0917\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u2014 \u0907\u0938\u0940\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0906\u0901\u0917\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rung\">\n <div class=\"rung-step\">3<\/span>Ages 8\u201311<\/span>\u0906\u092f\u0941 8\u201311<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div>\n <h5>Preparatory Stage \u2014 Grades 3 to 5<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u2014 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 3 \u0938\u0947 5<\/span><\/h5>\n Builds on the play, discovery and activity-based<\/strong> style of the Foundational Stage, but begins to incorporate some light textbooks<\/strong> and aspects of more formal but interactive classroom learning<\/strong>, laying groundwork across reading, writing, speaking, physical education, art, languages, science and mathematics.<\/span>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0947\u0932, \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0920\u0928, \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0923, \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0915\u0932\u093e, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0902\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rung\">\n <div class=\"rung-step\">3<\/span>Ages 11\u201314<\/span>\u0906\u092f\u0941 11\u201314<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div>\n <h5>Middle Stage \u2014 Grades 6 to 8<\/span>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u2014 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 6 \u0938\u0947 8<\/span><\/h5>\n Introduces subject teachers<\/strong> for the learning and discussion of more abstract concepts<\/strong> across the sciences, mathematics, arts, social sciences and humanities. Experiential learning within each subject<\/strong>, and exploration of relations among subjects, is emphasized despite this specialization.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924, \u0915\u0932\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c-\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0932\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <div class=\"rung-eg\">What happens only here<\/span>\u091c\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092f\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/b>The 10-day bagless period<\/strong> with vocational interns; the fun course on vocational crafts<\/strong>; coding<\/strong> is introduced; and the 'Languages of India'<\/strong> project under Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat<\/em>.<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 10-\u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e-\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f<\/strong>; \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0930\u094b\u091a\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong>; \u0915\u094b\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d; \u0924\u0925\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 '\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901'<\/strong> \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rung\">\n <div class=\"rung-step\">4<\/span>Ages 14\u201318<\/span>\u0906\u092f\u0941 14\u201318<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div>\n <h5>Secondary Stage \u2014 Grades 9 to 12<\/span>\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u2014 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 9 \u0938\u0947 12<\/span> \u2192 in two phases<\/span>\u2192 \u0926\u094b \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n Four years of multidisciplinary study<\/strong> in two phases \u2014 9 and 10<\/strong> in the first, 11 and 12<\/strong> in the second \u2014 with greater depth, greater critical thinking, greater attention to life aspirations, and greater flexibility and student choice of subjects<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0926\u094b \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928<\/strong> \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 9 \u090f\u0935\u0902 10<\/strong>, \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 11 \u090f\u0935\u0902 12<\/strong> \u2014 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928, \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928-\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u091a\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a<\/strong> \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <div class=\"rung-eg\">The exit option<\/span>\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a<\/span><\/b>Students continue to have the option of exiting after Grade 10<\/strong> and re-entering in the next phase to pursue vocational or other courses in Grades 11\u201312, including at a more specialized school.<\/span>\u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 10 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0917\u0932\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 11\u201312 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The structure at a glance<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/h4>\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Stage<\/span>\u091a\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/th>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Years<\/span>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/span><\/th>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Grades<\/span>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/th>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Ages<\/span>\u0906\u092f\u0941<\/span><\/th>\n <th>Defining pedagogy<\/span>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">Foundational<\/span>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">5<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Anganwadi + 1\u20132<\/span>\u0906\u0901\u0917\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 + 1\u20132<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3\u20138<\/td><td>Play- and activity-based, multilevel, flexible<\/span>\u0916\u0947\u0932- \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f, \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">Preparatory<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3\u20135<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">8\u201311<\/td><td>Discovery-based, light textbooks introduced<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">Middle<\/span>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">6\u20138<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">11\u201314<\/td><td>Subject teachers; abstract concepts; experiential<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915; \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u092f; \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">Secondary<\/span>\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">4<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">9\u201312<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">14\u201318<\/td><td>Multidisciplinary depth; subject choice; two phases<\/span>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908; \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u091a\u092f\u0928; \u0926\u094b \u091a\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\ud83e\udde0<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n The justification to quote.<\/strong> The structure is not arbitrary \u2014 it follows the cognitive development of children<\/strong>. The Policy supports this with a striking figure: over 85% of a child's cumulative brain development occurs prior to the age of 6<\/strong>. That single statistic is the entire argument for extending the school structure down to age 3, and it is the most frequently asked number from Chapter 1 of the Policy.<\/span>\n \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0914\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0928\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u2014 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u092f\u0940 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e 85% \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917 6 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0906\u092f\u0941 3 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/section>\n\n\n \n <section class=\"chapter-content\" data-chap=\"2\">\n\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\">\n PART I<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0917 I<\/span><\/span>\n <h2>\n School Education<\/span>\n \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span>\n <\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"keyfact-grid\">\n <div class=\"keyfact-card navy-hi\">\n \ud83e\udde0<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">The Statistic Behind ECCE<\/span>ECCE \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930-\u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">85% before age 6<\/span>\u0906\u092f\u0941 6 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">Of a child's cumulative brain development \u2014 the entire case for starting at age 3<\/span>\u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u092f\u0940 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u2014 \u0906\u092f\u0941 3 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keyfact-card amber-hi\">\n \ud83d\udcd6<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">The Learning Crisis<\/span>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">5 crore<\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">Children in elementary school who have not attained foundational literacy and numeracy<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0908<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keyfact-card teal-hi\">\n \ud83c\udfaf<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">Universalization Target<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">100% GER by 2030<\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">Pre-school to secondary; and all children back in school by 2030<\/span>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915; \u0924\u0925\u093e 2030 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n2-1\">\n 2.1<\/span>\n <h3>Early Childhood Care and Education<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n Over 85% of a child's cumulative brain development occurs prior to the age of 6<\/strong>, indicating the critical importance of appropriate care and stimulation of the brain in the early years. The Policy therefore treats ECCE not as pre-school but as the first stage of school education<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u092f\u0940 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e 85% \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917 6 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f ECCE \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0905\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u091a\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"callout\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 What ECCE means in the Policy<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 ECCE \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/span><\/div>\n ECCE ideally consists of flexible, multi-faceted, multi-level, play-based, activity-based and inquiry-based learning<\/strong>, comprising alphabets, languages, numbers, counting, colours, shapes, indoor and outdoor play, puzzles and logical thinking, problem-solving, drawing, painting and other visual art, craft, drama and puppetry, music and movement. It also includes a focus on social capacities, sensitivity, good behaviour, courtesy, ethics, personal and public cleanliness, teamwork and cooperation<\/strong>.<\/span>\n ECCE \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0924\u0903 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0940, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f, \u0916\u0947\u0932-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0938\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092e\u093e\u0932\u093e, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e, \u0930\u0902\u0917, \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0916\u0947\u0932, \u092a\u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928, \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e-\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928, \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u0923, \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0932\u093e, \u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a, \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u092a\u0941\u0924\u0932\u0940, \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u0926\u094d\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930, \u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u0935\u0948\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e, \u0926\u0932\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The overall aim, and the framework<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/span><\/h4>\n \n The overall aim of ECCE is to attain optimal outcomes in the domains of physical and motor development, cognitive development, socio-emotional-ethical development, cultural\/artistic development, and the development of communication and early language, literacy and numeracy<\/strong>.<\/span>\n ECCE \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915-\u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915\/\u0915\u0932\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e, \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u092e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">NCPFECCE<\/span>A National Curricular and Pedagogical Framework for Early Childhood Care and Education<\/strong> will be developed by NCERT<\/strong> in two parts<\/strong> \u2014 for children up to age 3<\/strong>, and for children aged 3 to 8<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> NCERT<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u2014 3 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0924\u0915<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941, \u0924\u0925\u093e 3 \u0938\u0947 8 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Guide<\/span>\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915<\/span><\/span>The framework will serve as a guide both for parents<\/strong> and for early childhood care and education institutions<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0915\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Deadline<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e<\/span><\/span>Universal provisioning of quality early childhood development, care and education must be achieved by 2030<\/strong>, to ensure that all students entering Grade 1 are school-ready.<\/span>\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 2030 \u0924\u0915<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 1 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f-\u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941-\u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The four delivery modes<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"feat-grid\">\n <div class=\"feat-card\">1<\/span>Standalone Anganwadis<\/span>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u0906\u0901\u0917\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/strong>Strengthened with high-quality infrastructure, play equipment and well-trained workers. Anganwadi children will visit their school complex periodically.<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u0916\u0947\u0932-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0964 \u0906\u0901\u0917\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">2<\/span>Anganwadis co-located with primary schools<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0901\u0917\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/strong>Physically located within or adjacent to a primary school, allowing continuity between the two halves of the Foundational Stage.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u091f\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">3<\/span>Pre-primary sections in existing schools<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0917<\/span><\/strong>Added to primary schools, especially in socio-economically disadvantaged areas, covering at least age 5 to 6 \u2014 the Balvatika<\/strong> year.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e \u0906\u092f\u0941 5 \u0938\u0947 6 \u0924\u0915 \u2014 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0935\u093e\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong> \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">4<\/span>Standalone pre-schools<\/span>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/strong>Private, philanthropic or public, which will also employ workers trained in the NCPFECCE framework.<\/span>\u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940, \u092a\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915, \u091c\u094b NCPFECCE \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udccc Balvatika \u2014 the preparatory class<\/span>\ud83d\udccc \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0935\u093e\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u2014 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/div>\n Prior to age 5, every child will move to a Balvatika<\/strong> \u2014 that is, before Class 1 \u2014 which has an ECCE-qualified teacher<\/strong>. The learning in the Balvatika will be based primarily on play-based learning with a focus on developing cognitive, affective and psychomotor abilities and early literacy and numeracy<\/strong>. The mid-day meal programme will be extended to the pre-primary children of the Balvatika<\/strong>, along with health check-ups and growth monitoring.<\/span>\n \u0906\u092f\u0941 5 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0935\u093e\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e \u2014 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 1 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u2014 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 ECCE-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0935\u093e\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0916\u0947\u0932-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915, \u092d\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0935\u093e\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f-\u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u0940\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>Training of Anganwadi workers and teachers<\/span>\u0906\u0901\u0917\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/h4>\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>Existing qualification<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/th>\n <th>Training to be given<\/span>\u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td>Qualifications of 10+2 and above<\/span>10+2 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>A 6-month certificate programme<\/strong> in ECCE<\/span>ECCE \u092e\u0947\u0902 6-\u092e\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>Qualifications lower than 10+2<\/span>10+2 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>A one-year diploma programme<\/strong> covering early literacy, numeracy and other relevant aspects of ECCE<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 ECCE \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0915-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0921\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n \n These programmes will be run through digital or distance mode using DTH channels and smartphones, enabling workers to obtain the qualification with minimal disruption to their current work.<\/span>\n \u092f\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e DTH \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n The administrative point that is easy to miss.<\/strong> ECCE is unusual in being the responsibility of four ministries acting jointly<\/strong> \u2014 Education, Women and Child Development (WCD), Health and Family Welfare (HFW), and Tribal Affairs<\/strong>. A special joint task force<\/strong> will be constituted for continuous guidance of its implementation. Overall responsibility for planning and implementation of ECCE curriculum will vest with the Ministry of Education<\/strong>, to ensure continuity from pre-primary through primary.<\/span>\n \u0935\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u091b\u0942\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong> ECCE \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 (WCD), \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923 (HFW), \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong>\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092c\u0932<\/strong> \u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 ECCE \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938<\/strong> \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n2-2\">\n 2.2<\/span>\n <h3>Foundational Literacy and Numeracy<\/span>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout red\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\u26a0\ufe0f The crisis the Policy names<\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f<\/span><\/div>\n The Policy states plainly that the country is in a learning crisis<\/strong>: a large proportion of students currently in elementary school \u2014 estimated to be over 5 crore in number<\/strong> \u2014 have not attained foundational literacy and numeracy<\/strong>, that is, the ability to read and comprehend basic text and carry out basic addition and subtraction with Indian numerals<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u2014 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0903 5 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u2014 \u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0920 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c-\u0918\u091f\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/span>\n Attaining foundational literacy and numeracy for all children must become an immediate national mission<\/strong>, and will be given the highest priority<\/strong> \u2014 the rest of the Policy will be largely irrelevant for such students until this most basic learning requirement is first achieved.<\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940 \u2014 \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0928 \u0939\u094b, \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936\u0924\u0903 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">The Mission<\/span>\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/span><\/span>A National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy<\/strong> will be set up by the Ministry of Education<\/strong> on priority. All State governments will prepare an implementation plan by 2025<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902 2025 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928-\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">The Goal<\/span>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/span>Every student will attain foundational literacy and numeracy by Grade 3, by 2025.<\/strong> This is the Policy's single most urgent, time-bound target.<\/span>2025 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 3 \u0924\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c, \u0938\u092e\u092f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>How the Mission will work<\/span>\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e<\/span><\/h4>\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Lever<\/span>\u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What is proposed<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Teachers<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Teacher vacancies will be filled at the earliest<\/strong>, in a time-bound manner \u2014 especially in disadvantaged areas and areas with large pupil-to-teacher ratios or high rates of illiteracy. Local teachers or those with familiarity with local languages<\/strong> will be encouraged.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u0940\u0918\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0918\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u092f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0940 \u2014 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Pupil\u2013Teacher Ratio<\/span>\u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>A PTR of under 30:1<\/strong> will be ensured at the level of each school. In areas with large numbers of socio-economically disadvantaged students<\/strong>, a PTR of under 25:1<\/strong> will be maintained.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 30:1 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e PTR<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 25:1 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e<\/strong> PTR \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Peer tutoring<\/span>\u0938\u0939\u092a\u093e\u0920\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Peer tutoring<\/strong> as a voluntary and joyful activity for fellow students under the supervision of trained teachers and by taking support from the community.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u092a\u093e\u0920\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0948\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0928\u0902\u0926\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u092a\u093e\u0920\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">NTP<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>A National Tutors Programme<\/strong> \u2014 the best performers in each school<\/strong> will be drawn to become part-time tutors for their own school, for a few hours a week.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915<\/strong> \u0938\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0918\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0936\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">RIAP<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>A Remedial Instructional Aides Programme<\/strong> \u2014 instructors drawn from the local community, especially women<\/strong>, to support students who have fallen behind, ideally in the mother tongue.<\/span>\u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0938\u0947, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0924\u0903 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u0943\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Curriculum<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>A national repository of high-quality resources on foundational literacy and numeracy<\/strong> on DIKSHA; and increased focus on reading, writing, speaking, counting, arithmetic and mathematical thinking<\/strong> throughout the preparatory and middle stages.<\/span>DIKSHA \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930<\/strong>; \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0920\u0928, \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0923, \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e, \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Books<\/span>\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>A National Book Promotion Policy<\/strong> will be formulated, with public and school libraries expanded, digital libraries set up, and a Reading Mission<\/strong> to make India fully literate.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0920\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83c\udf4e Nutrition and health \u2014 the precondition of learning<\/span>\ud83c\udf4e \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u2014 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924<\/span><\/div>\n Children are unable to learn optimally when they are undernourished or unwell<\/strong>. The Policy therefore adds a physical dimension to the learning mission:<\/span>\n \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u092a\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u092e \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0940\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947<\/strong>\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/span>\n <ul class=\"split-list\" style=\"margin-top:10px;\">\n <li>1<\/span>The mid-day meal programme will be extended<\/strong> to include breakfast<\/strong>, since a simple but energizing breakfast morning enables productive study of cognitively demanding subjects.<\/span>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0903\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>2<\/span>Where hot meals are not possible, a simple but nutritious meal such as groundnuts or chana mixed with jaggery, and local fruits<\/strong>, may be provided.<\/span>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928 \u0939\u094b, \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0917\u0941\u0921\u093c \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0901\u0917\u092b\u0932\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u091a\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092b\u0932<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094c\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>3<\/span>All school children will undergo regular health check-ups, especially for 100% immunization<\/strong>, and health cards will be issued<\/strong> with regular monitoring.<\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 100% \u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>4<\/span>Trained social workers, counsellors and community involvement<\/strong> will be brought into the schooling system.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e, \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n2-3\">\n 2.3<\/span>\n <h3>Dropout Rates and Universal Access<\/span>\u0905\u092a\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0926\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n One of the primary goals of the schooling system must be to ensure that children are enrolled in and are attending school<\/strong>. The Policy quotes the Gross Enrolment Ratio figures that show where the system leaks.<\/span>\n \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0902<\/strong>\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0930\u093f\u0938\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"scale-strip\">\n <div class=\"scale-step\">\n 1\u20135<\/span>\n <h6>Near universal<\/span>\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915<\/span><\/h6>\n Enrolment at the primary stage is close to complete.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"scale-step\">\n 6\u20138<\/span>\n <h6>90.9 %<\/h6>\n GER falls as soon as the middle stage begins.<\/span>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0940 GER \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"scale-step\">\n 9\u201310<\/span>\n <h6>79.3 %<\/h6>\n A further sharp fall at the secondary stage.<\/span>\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"scale-step\">\n 11\u201312<\/span>\n <h6>56.5 %<\/h6>\n Barely half remain \u2014 the steepest loss in the system.<\/span>\u092e\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u0947 \u0936\u0947\u0937 \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n Figures for 2017\u201318. Approximately 3.22 crore children<\/strong> were out of school as per the U-DISE 2015\u201316 data \u2014 the majority from socio-economically disadvantaged groups.<\/span>\n \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 2017\u201318 \u0915\u0947\u0964 U-DISE 2015\u201316 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 3.22 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0925\u0947 \u2014 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <h4>The two-part initiative<\/span>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f-\u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0939\u0932<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"pc-grid\">\n <div class=\"pc-panel neu\">\n <div class=\"pc-head\">1<\/span>Provide effective and sufficient infrastructure<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <ul>\n <li>Ensure all students have access to safe and engaging school education at all levels from pre-primary to Grade 12<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0932\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Upgrade and build new schools where needed<\/strong>, and construct hostels<\/strong>, particularly for students from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds.<\/span>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u092f\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Provide safe and practical conveyance<\/strong>, and use alternative forms of schooling<\/strong> where required.<\/span>\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Deploy school complexes<\/strong> to share resources across a group of schools.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932<\/strong> \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"pc-panel neu\">\n <div class=\"pc-head\">2<\/span>Achieve universal participation by tracking students<\/span>\u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <ul>\n <li>Track students as well as their learning levels<\/strong>, ensuring they are enrolled in and attending school, and have suitable opportunities to catch up and re-enter if they have fallen behind or dropped out.<\/span>\u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923<\/strong>, \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Strengthen and expand the open schooling system of NIOS and State Open Schools<\/strong>, offering courses equivalent to Grades 3, 5 and 8<\/strong> and secondary education programmes equivalent to Grades 10 and 12<\/strong>.<\/span>NIOS \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 3, 5 \u090f\u0935\u0902 8<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 10 \u090f\u0935\u0902 12<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Deploy counsellors, well-trained social workers and teachers<\/strong> to work with communities and continuously monitor attendance.<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Make the curriculum more engaging and useful<\/strong>, and provide targeted scholarships<\/strong>, since irrelevant curriculum is itself a cause of dropout.<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\ud83c\udfaf<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n The two targets to quote together.<\/strong> The Policy commits to achieving 100% Gross Enrolment Ratio in preschool to secondary level by 2030<\/strong>, and to bringing back the 2 crore out-of-school children into the mainstream<\/strong> through open schooling and strengthened infrastructure. Note the deliberate order: infrastructure first makes attendance possible<\/em>; tracking and curriculum reform make it worthwhile<\/em>. Access without engagement produces enrolment without learning.<\/span>\n \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0926\u094b \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/strong> \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f 2030 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0924\u0915 100% \u0938\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e 2 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f-\u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u092c\u0942\u091d\u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902: \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935<\/em> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e-\u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915<\/em> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n2-4\">\n 2.4<\/span>\n <h3>Curriculum and Pedagogy in Schools<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udccc The governing instruction<\/span>\ud83d\udccc \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/span><\/div>\n Curriculum content will be reduced in each subject to its core essentials<\/strong>, to make space for critical thinking and more holistic, inquiry-based, discovery-based, discussion-based and analysis-based learning<\/strong>. The mandated content will focus on key concepts, ideas, applications and problem-solving<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e-\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u093e\u0908<\/strong> \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930, \u091c\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0938\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/strong> \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0964 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e-\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>A. Flexibility and the end of hard separations<\/span>\u0915. \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924<\/span><\/h4>\n <ul class=\"icon-list\">\n <li>\u25b8<\/span>Students will be given increased flexibility and choice of subjects<\/strong>, particularly in secondary school, including in physical education, the arts and crafts, and vocational skills.<\/span>\u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a<\/strong> \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>\u25b8<\/span>There will be no hard separation among curricular, extracurricular or co-curricular areas<\/strong>, among arts, humanities and sciences, or between vocational and academic streams.<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e, \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924-\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u0939-\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a, \u0915\u0932\u093e, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a, \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>\u25b8<\/span>Subjects such as physical education, the arts and crafts, and vocational skills<\/strong>, in addition to science, humanities and mathematics, will be incorporated throughout the school curriculum<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>\u25b8<\/span>A student who wishes to take up physics along with fashion designing, or chemistry along with music<\/strong>, or bakery along with mathematics, will be able to do so.<\/span>\u091c\u094b \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092b\u093c\u0948\u0936\u0928 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928<\/strong>, \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0947\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947, \u0935\u0939 \u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <h4>B. Experiential learning and key curricular additions<\/span>\u0916. \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"feat-grid\">\n <div class=\"feat-card\">1<\/span>Experiential learning throughout<\/span>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/span><\/strong>In all stages, including hands-on learning, arts-integrated and sports-integrated education, and story-telling-based pedagogy<\/strong>, as standard classroom practice within each subject.<\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e, \u0915\u0932\u093e-\u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0916\u0947\u0932-\u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0925\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">2<\/span>The 10-day bagless period<\/span>10-\u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e-\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f<\/span><\/strong>In Grades 6\u20138<\/strong>, every student takes a fun course that gives a survey and hands-on experience of vocational crafts<\/strong>, and participates in a 10-day bagless period<\/strong> interning with local vocational experts such as carpenters, gardeners, potters and artists.<\/span>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 6\u20138<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u091a\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0932\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0908, \u092e\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u0915\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 10-\u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e-\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">3<\/span>Vocational education from Grade 6<\/span>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 6 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/strong>Vocational exposure will begin in Grade 6<\/strong> and continue through the school years, with internships. The target: at least 50% of learners exposed to vocational education by 2025<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 6 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f: 2025 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e 50% \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0924<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">4<\/span>Coding and computational thinking<\/span>\u0915\u094b\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928<\/span><\/strong>Contemporary subjects such as Artificial Intelligence, Design Thinking, Holistic Health, Organic Living, Environmental Education and Global Citizenship Education<\/strong> will be introduced; coding will be introduced in Grade 6<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0925\u093f\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f, \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928, \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947; \u0915\u094b\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 6 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>C. Language \u2014 the three-language formula<\/span>\u0917. \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u2014 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The medium of instruction<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e<\/span><\/div>\n Wherever possible, until at least Grade 5, but preferably till Grade 8 and beyond<\/strong>, the medium of instruction will be the home language \/ mother tongue \/ local language \/ regional language<\/strong>. Thereafter, the home or local language shall continue to be taught as a language wherever possible. This applies to both public and private schools<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b, \u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 5 \u0924\u0915, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 8 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u0915<\/strong>, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0918\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \/ \u092e\u093e\u0924\u0943\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \/ \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \/ \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0918\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <ul class=\"split-list\">\n <li>1<\/span>The three-language formula<\/strong> will continue to be implemented, keeping in mind the Constitutional provisions, aspirations of the people, regions and the Union, and the need to promote multilingualism and national unity.<\/span>\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902, \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0918 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>2<\/span>There will be greater flexibility<\/strong> in the three-language formula, and no language will be imposed on any State<\/strong>. The three languages learned by children will be the choices of States, regions, and of the students themselves<\/strong>, so long as at least two of the three are native to India<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0925\u094b\u092a\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940<\/strong>\u0964 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940, \u092c\u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e \u0926\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>3<\/span>Students may change one or more of the three languages they are studying in Grade 6 or Grade 7<\/strong>, so long as they demonstrate basic proficiency in three languages, including one language of India at the literature level, by the end of secondary school.<\/span>\u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 6 \u092f\u093e 7 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928\u0930\u0924 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/strong>, \u092c\u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0924\u0915 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0923\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>4<\/span>Sanskrit<\/strong> will be offered at all levels as an important, enriching option, including as an option in the three-language formula. Indian Sign Language (ISL) will be standardized<\/strong> across the country, and National and State curriculum materials developed for use by students with hearing impairment.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924<\/strong> \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923, \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e (ISL) \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0936\u092d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0923-\u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>5<\/span>Classical languages and literatures of India \u2014 including Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Pali, Persian and Prakrit<\/strong> \u2014 will be widely available in schools as options.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u2014 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924, \u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932, \u0924\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0917\u0941, \u0915\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0921\u093c, \u092e\u0932\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092e, \u0913\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f, \u092b\u093c\u093e\u0930\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2014 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>6<\/span>Under Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat<\/em>, a fun project or activity on 'The Languages of India'<\/strong> will be undertaken by every student sometime in Grades 6\u20138<\/strong>.<\/span>\u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 6\u20138 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928<\/strong> '\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901'<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u091a\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">NCFSE<\/span>A new and comprehensive National Curriculum Framework for School Education<\/strong> will be developed by NCERT<\/strong>, and will be revisited and updated once every 5\u201310 years<\/strong>, taking into account frontline curriculum needs.<\/span>\u0928\u0908 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> NCERT<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e-\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 5\u201310 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Textbooks<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/span>Textbooks will contain the essential core material deemed important on a national level<\/strong>, along with supplementary material as per local contexts and needs<\/strong>, and will be made available in digital and printed formats at the lowest possible cost<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0947 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n2-5\">\n 2.5<\/span>\n <h3>Transforming Assessment for Student Development<\/span>\u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout red\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\u26a0\ufe0f The shift the Policy demands<\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928<\/span><\/div>\n The aim of assessment in the culture of the schooling system will shift from one that is summative and primarily tests rote memorization skills<\/strong> to one that is more regular and formative, is more competency-based, promotes learning and development, and tests higher-order skills such as analysis, critical thinking and conceptual clarity<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0930\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947<\/strong> \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u091f\u0915\u0930 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0939\u094b, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923, \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u0916\u0947<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>A. The 360-degree Holistic Progress Card<\/span>\u0915. 360-\u0905\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915<\/span><\/h4>\n \n The progress card of all students<\/strong> for school-based assessment will be completely redesigned<\/strong>. It will be a holistic, 360-degree, multidimensional report<\/strong> that reflects in great detail the progress as well as the uniqueness of each learner in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915<\/strong> \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930, 360-\u0905\u0902\u0936, \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u094b \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915, \u092d\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u0902\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n <div class=\"domain-grid\">\n <div class=\"domain-card cog\">\n <div class=\"dm-icon\">\ud83e\ude9e<\/div>\n Self-assessment<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0935-\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928<\/span><\/span>\n <h5>By the student<\/span>\u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/span><\/h5>\n The student reflects on his own learning, goals and progress \u2014 making assessment itself a tool of learning.<\/span>\u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e, \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"domain-card aff\">\n <div class=\"dm-icon\">\ud83d\udc65<\/div>\n Peer assessment<\/span>\u0938\u0939\u092a\u093e\u0920\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928<\/span><\/span>\n <h5>By classmates<\/span>\u0938\u0939\u092a\u093e\u0920\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/span><\/h5>\n Fellow students contribute to the picture, developing the capacity to give and receive constructive feedback.<\/span>\u0938\u0939\u092a\u093e\u0920\u0940 \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"domain-card psy\">\n <div class=\"dm-icon\">\ud83d\udc69\u200d\ud83c\udfeb<\/div>\n Teacher assessment<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928<\/span><\/span>\n <h5>By the teacher<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/span><\/h5>\n The professional judgement that anchors the other two, informed by continuous classroom observation.<\/span>\u0935\u0939 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n The progress card will be an important link between home and school<\/strong> and will be accompanied by parent-teacher meetings. AI-based software will be developed to help track growth and make optimal choices of career, learning and profession.<\/span>\n \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0918\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0921\u093c\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u092e \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 AI-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u093c\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <h4>B. The three census examinations and Board reform<\/span>\u0916. \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u091c\u0928\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e-\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/h4>\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Element<\/span>\u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What the Policy provides<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Census exams<\/span>\u091c\u0928\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e-\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>To track progress throughout the school years, all students will take school examinations in Grades 3, 5 and 8<\/strong>, conducted by the appropriate authority. The Grade 3 examination in particular<\/strong> would test basic literacy, numeracy and other foundational skills.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 3, 5 \u090f\u0935\u0902 8 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 3 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u0916\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Board exams<\/span>\u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Board exams for Grades 10 and 12 will continue<\/strong>, but will be redesigned<\/strong>. They will test primarily core capacities and competencies rather than months of coaching and memorization<\/strong>. Any student may take them on up to two occasions during any given school year<\/strong> \u2014 one main examination and one for improvement.<\/span>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 10 \u090f\u0935\u0902 12<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0940<\/strong>, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u092a\u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0926\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930<\/strong> \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Exam design<\/span>\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Boards may over time develop further models, such as a system of semester or modular Board Examinations<\/strong>, and offering exams in two parts \u2014 objective type and descriptive type<\/strong>. Subjects may be offered at two levels \u2014 standard and higher<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0926\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u2014 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915<\/strong> \u2014 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0926\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u2014 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u0930<\/strong> \u2014 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">NAS<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>To institute an overall culture of assessing learning outcomes, the National Achievement Survey<\/strong> will continue, along with State Assessment Surveys, sample-based and census-based as appropriate.<\/span>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/strong> \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u092f\u0925\u094b\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0928\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr style=\"background:#fff9ef;\">\n <td class=\"narrow\">PARAKH<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>A National Assessment Centre \u2014 PARAKH (Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development)<\/strong> \u2014 will be set up as a standard-setting body<\/strong> under the Ministry of Education. It will set norms, standards and guidelines for student assessment for all recognized school boards, guide the State Achievement Surveys, undertake the National Achievement Survey, monitor the achievement of learning outcomes, and encourage and help school boards to shift their assessment patterns towards meeting the skill requirements of the 21st century<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u2014 PARAKH (\u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928-\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928, \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923)<\/strong> \u2014 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b 21\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932-\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\ud83c\udf93<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n Two entrance-related points that belong with this section.<\/strong> First, the National Testing Agency (NTA)<\/strong> will work to offer a high-quality common aptitude test<\/strong>, as well as specialized common subject exams in the sciences, humanities, languages, arts and vocational subjects, at least twice every year<\/strong>. Second, the purpose is explicit: to eliminate the need for coaching classes<\/strong>, since universities will be able to use the common test rather than conducting hundreds of separate entrance examinations. Note how this connects to the Board reform above \u2014 both attack the same target, the coaching culture.<\/span>\n \u0907\u0938 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936-\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0964<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e, \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 (NTA)<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e, \u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e \u0926\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0948: \u0915\u094b\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong>, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0948\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921-\u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f, \u0915\u094b\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f, \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n2-6\">\n 2.6<\/span>\n <h3>Teachers<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The Policy's opening claim about teachers<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0925\u0928<\/span><\/div>\n Teachers truly shape the future of our children \u2014 and, therefore, the future of our nation.<\/strong> Because of this most noble role, the teacher in India was the most respected member of society. The Policy states bluntly that the quality of teacher education, recruitment, deployment, service conditions and empowerment of teachers is not where it should be<\/strong>, and that the status of the teacher must be restored to the highest<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924\u0903 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2014 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0924\u092e \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u092d\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940, \u0924\u0948\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940, \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e-\u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Area<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What the Policy provides<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Minimum degree<\/span>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>By 2030, the minimum degree qualification for teaching will be a 4-year integrated B.Ed.<\/strong> degree that teaches a range of knowledge content and pedagogy and includes strong practicum training in the form of student-teaching at local schools.<\/span>2030 \u0924\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e 4-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092c\u0940.\u090f\u0921.<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Recruitment<\/span>\u092d\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>TET<\/strong> will be strengthened and extended to cover teachers across all stages<\/strong> \u2014 Foundational, Preparatory, Middle and Secondary. Subject teachers must also demonstrate subject knowledge through the relevant TET or NTA test. A classroom demonstration or interview<\/strong> will become an integral part of recruitment, to assess passion and motivation for teaching as well as comfort with the local language.<\/span>TET<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u2014 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915, \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 TET \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e NTA \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u091c\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u092d\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Merit scholarships<\/span>\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Merit-based scholarships<\/strong> will be instituted across the country for studying 4-year integrated B.Ed. programmes, with preferential scholarships in rural areas<\/strong> \u2014 with a guarantee of employment in the local area, especially to female candidates<\/strong>, so that they become local role models.<\/span>4-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092c\u0940.\u090f\u0921. \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u092d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u2014 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u093c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u0930\u0902\u091f\u0940, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b<\/strong>, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Transfers<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Transfers of teachers will be halted<\/strong> except in very special circumstances, since transfers disrupt learning communities. Where necessary, transfers will be conducted through an online computerized system that ensures transparency<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0930\u094b\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947<\/strong>, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">CPD<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Each teacher will be expected to participate in at least 50 hours of continuous professional development (CPD) opportunities every year<\/strong>, driven by their own interests, covering pedagogy, competency-based learning, foundational literacy and numeracy, and education of children with disabilities.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e 50 \u0918\u0902\u091f\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 (CPD) \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0932\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e, \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">NPST<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>A common guiding set of National Professional Standards for Teachers<\/strong> will be developed by 2022<\/strong> by the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE)<\/strong> in its restructured new form as a Professional Standard Setting Body under the General Education Council, in consultation with NCERT, SCERTs, teachers and expert organizations. It will cover expectations of the role at each stage, competencies required, and performance appraisal for each stage \u2014 and will be reviewed and revised in 2030<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091a\u092f 2022 \u0924\u0915<\/strong> \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d (NCTE)<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u090f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902, NCERT, SCERT, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e-\u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928-\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u2014 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 2030 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Career progression<\/span>\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>A robust merit-based structure of tenure, promotion and salary structure<\/strong> will be developed, with multiple levels within each teacher stage. Vertical mobility based on merit<\/strong> will allow outstanding teachers to become educational administrators or teacher educators \u2014 but moving to an administrative position will not entail higher pay<\/strong>, to ensure that all levels of teaching have equal parity.<\/span>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932, \u092a\u0926\u094b\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928-\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0917\u0940 \u2014 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Non-teaching duties<\/span>\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Teachers will not be engaged any longer in strenuous administrative tasks and more than a rationalized minimum time for mid-day meal related work<\/strong>, so that they may focus more on their teaching-learning duties.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0905\u092c \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947<\/strong>, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923-\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n2-7\">\n 2.7<\/span>\n <h3>Equitable and Inclusive Education<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The principle, and the term to memorize<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0902\u0920\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0926<\/span><\/div>\n Education is the single greatest tool for achieving social justice and equality<\/strong>. The Policy groups all under-represented groups under one term \u2014 Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Groups (SEDGs)<\/strong> \u2014 and states that bridging the social category gaps in access, participation and learning outcomes will continue to be one of the major goals<\/strong> of all education sector development programmes.<\/span>\n \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 (SEDGs)<\/strong> \u2014 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a, \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u091f\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The five categories of SEDG<\/span>SEDG \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"feat-grid\">\n <div class=\"feat-card\">1<\/span>Gender identities<\/span>\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/strong>Female and transgender individuals<\/strong>. Gender cuts across all other categories, which is why it is treated separately through the Gender-Inclusion Fund.<\/span>\u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong>\u0964 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0940\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915-\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0937 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">2<\/span>Socio-cultural identities<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/strong>Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, OBCs and minorities<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f, OBC \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">3<\/span>Geographical identities<\/span>\u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/strong>Students from villages, small towns and aspirational districts<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935\u094b\u0902, \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0915\u0938\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">4<\/span>Disabilities<\/span>\u0926\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong>Including learning disabilities<\/strong>, covered under the RPwD Act 2016<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924, \u091c\u094b RPwD \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e 2016<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">5<\/span>Socio-economic conditions<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0936\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/strong>Migrant communities, low income households, children in vulnerable situations, victims of trafficking, orphans<\/strong> including child beggars in urban areas, and the urban poor.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f, \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928 \u0906\u092f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930, \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915, \u0924\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0905\u0928\u093e\u0925<\/strong> \u2014 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2014 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The principal measures<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Gender-Inclusion Fund<\/span>\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915-\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0937<\/span><\/span>A Gender-Inclusion Fund<\/strong> will be constituted by the Government of India to build the nation's capacity to provide equitable quality education to all girls as well as transgender students<\/strong>. States will use it for sanitation and toilets, bicycles, conditional cash transfers and the like.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915-\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0937<\/strong> \u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0964 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u094c\u091a\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0915\u093f\u0932, \u0938\u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0915\u0926 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Special Education Zones<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/span>Special Education Zones (SEZs)<\/strong> will be set up in regions with large populations from educationally disadvantaged SEDGs<\/strong>, where all schemes and policies are implemented through additional concerted effort.<\/span>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 SEDGs \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (SEZ)<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Children with disabilities<\/span>\u0926\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915<\/span><\/span>The Policy fully recognizes the RPwD Act 2016<\/strong>. Children with disabilities will be enabled to fully participate in the regular schooling process from the foundational stage to higher education<\/strong>, with support of educators with cross-disability training, resource centres, accommodations, assistive devices, appropriate technology-based tools<\/strong> and other support mechanisms tailored to their needs.<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f RPwD \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e 2016<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u0926\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928, \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e-\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Alternative schooling<\/span>\u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/span>Institutions such as Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas and Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBVs)<\/strong> will be strengthened and expanded, with KGBVs extended up to Grade 12<\/strong>. Free boarding facilities<\/strong> will be built matching the standard of JNVs.<\/span>\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u094b\u0926\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u0930\u092c\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f (KGBV)<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e KGBV \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u0924\u0915<\/strong> \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947\u0964 JNV \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n2-8\">\n 2.8<\/span>\n <h3>School Complexes and Efficient Governance<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\u26a0\ufe0f The problem being solved<\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/div>\n A key issue is the large number of small schools<\/strong>, which makes it economically suboptimal and operationally complex<\/strong> to run good schools \u2014 teachers for every subject, physics laboratories, art rooms and sports equipment cannot be provided in a school of 50 pupils. The Policy's answer is not to close schools<\/strong>, but to group them<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0924\u092e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932<\/strong> \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 50 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915, \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e, \u0915\u0932\u093e-\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0916\u0947\u0932-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong>, \u0905\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"flow-wrap\">\n <div class=\"flow-note\">\n \ud83c\udfeb The idea is not new \u2014 the Education Commission (1964\u201366)<\/strong> under Dr J. P. Naik<\/strong> had recommended the school complex as a way to overcome the isolation of schools. The Policy revives it.<\/span>\n \ud83c\udfeb \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u2014 \u0921\u0949. \u091c\u0947. \u092a\u0940. \u0928\u093e\u0907\u0915<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917 (1964\u201366)<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0915\u0940\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-steps\">\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 1<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Group the schools<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u0928<\/span><\/strong>\n States\/UTs will group schools into a school complex or cluster<\/strong> \u2014 a secondary school together with all other schools offering lower grades in its neighbourhood, including Anganwadis<\/strong>, within a radius of five to ten kilometres.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\/\u0938\u0902\u0918 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u2014 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0906\u0901\u0917\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924<\/strong>, \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 2<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Share resources across the complex<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/strong>\n Sharing of teachers \u2014 including art, music, language, vocational and physical education teachers \u2014 libraries, ICT equipment, laboratories, sports equipment and counsellors<\/strong> across the complex, so that no single school must own everything.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u2014 \u0915\u0932\u093e, \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u2014 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902, ICT \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0916\u0947\u0932-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 3<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Make it the unit of governance<\/span>\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/strong>\n The school complex becomes a semi-autonomous unit<\/strong>, with a School Complex Management Committee (SCMC)<\/strong> alongside School Management Committees, improving governance by reducing the number of units the administration must deal with.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f (SCMC)<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 4<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Build professional communities<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/span><\/strong>\n Teachers across the complex form a vibrant professional community<\/strong>, sharing practice and reducing the isolation that small schools impose on their teachers.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0902\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0915\u0940\u092a\u0928 \u0918\u091f\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0925\u094b\u092a\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n2-9\">\n 2.9<\/span>\n <h3>Standard-setting and Accreditation for School Education<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout red\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\u26a0\ufe0f The conflict of interest being removed<\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/div>\n At present the same body \u2014 the Department of School Education \u2014 provides the public education service, and also regulates, operates, and sets standards for it<\/strong>. This leads to inefficiency and conflict of interest: a department cannot honestly regulate itself. The Policy's answer is a clear, four-way separation of powers<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u2014 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u2014 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928, \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0935 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0908\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f, \u091a\u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Function<\/span>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/th>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Body<\/span>\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What it does<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Policy-making<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Department of School Education<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>The apex body responsible for overall monitoring and policy-making<\/strong> for continual improvement of the public education system; it will not itself run schools.<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f; \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Operations<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td class=\"narrow\">DSE<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>The Directorate of School Education<\/strong>, an independent body, will handle the running of the public schooling system<\/strong> \u2014 service provision, not regulation.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong>, \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0917\u093e \u2014 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928, \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr style=\"background:#fff9ef;\">\n <td class=\"narrow\">Regulation<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td class=\"narrow\">SSSA<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>The State School Standards Authority<\/strong> \u2014 an independent, State-wide body that establishes a minimal set of standards<\/strong> based on basic parameters, which all schools, public and private alike, will follow<\/strong>. It will operate through a public disclosure system rather than inspection: all schools will disclose specified information publicly on a website<\/strong>, with audit and public disclosure<\/strong> as the basic tools of regulation.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091a\u092f<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947, \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947<\/strong>\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e: \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0935\u0947\u092c\u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Academic standards<\/span>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td class=\"narrow\">SCERT<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>The State Council of Educational Research and Training<\/strong> will develop a School Quality Assessment and Accreditation Framework (SQAAF)<\/strong> through consultations with all stakeholders, and will lead academic standard-setting, curriculum and pedagogy.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e (SQAAF)<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923, \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\u2696\ufe0f<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n The sentence that ties Part I together.<\/strong> The same logic \u2014 separating the provider from the regulator<\/strong> \u2014 reappears in higher education as the HECI<\/strong> with its four independent verticals. Recognizing that both halves of the Policy apply one principle of governance is what turns a list of bodies into an argument, and it is the kind of connection that distinguishes a strong long answer from a recital of acronyms.<\/span>\n \u0935\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u091c\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0917 I \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong> \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u2014 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 HECI<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/section>\n\n\n \n <section class=\"chapter-content\" data-chap=\"3\">\n\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\">\n PART II<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0917 II<\/span><\/span>\n <h2>\n Higher Education<\/span>\n \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span>\n <\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"keyfact-grid\">\n <div class=\"keyfact-card navy-hi\">\n \ud83d\udcc8<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">GER Target<\/span>GER \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">26.3% \u2192 50% by 2035<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">Including vocational education; requires roughly 3.5 crore new seats<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924; \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 3.5 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0928\u0908 \u0938\u0940\u091f\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keyfact-card teal-hi\">\n \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">One Regulator<\/span>\u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">HECI<\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">Four independent verticals \u2014 NHERC, NAC, HEGC, GEC \u2014 replacing the present tangle<\/span>\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u2014 NHERC, NAC, HEGC, GEC \u2014 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0932\u091d\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keyfact-card amber-hi\">\n \ud83d\udd2c<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">Research Spend<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">0.69% of GDP<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">India's spend on research and innovation \u2014 the gap the NRF is meant to close<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u2014 \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 NRF \u092a\u093e\u091f\u0947\u0917\u093e<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-1\">\n 3.1<\/span>\n <h3>Vision and the Problems of Higher Education<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 What higher education must do<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/div>\n Higher education plays an extremely important role in promoting human as well as societal well-being<\/strong> and in developing India as envisioned in its Constitution \u2014 a democratic, just, socially conscious, cultured and humane nation upholding liberty, equality, fraternity and justice for all<\/strong>. It must enable personal accomplishment and enlightenment, constructive public engagement and productive contribution to society<\/strong>, and prepare students for more meaningful and satisfying lives and work roles<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915, \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u091a\u0947\u0924, \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092c\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e, \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u094b\u0927\u0928, \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f-\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The ten problems the Policy identifies<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/h4>\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">#<\/th>\n <th>Problem in the current system<\/span>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">1<\/td><td>A severely fragmented higher educational ecosystem<\/strong> \u2014 too many small, single-stream institutions.<\/span>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u2014 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947, \u090f\u0915\u0932-\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">2<\/td><td>Less emphasis on the development of cognitive skills and learning outcomes<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u092c\u0932<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">3<\/td><td>A rigid separation of disciplines<\/strong>, with early specialization and streaming of students into narrow areas of study.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong>, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u0940\u0918\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">4<\/td><td>Limited access<\/strong>, particularly in socio-economically disadvantaged areas, with few HEIs that teach in local languages<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a<\/strong>, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 HEI \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">5<\/td><td>Limited teacher and institutional autonomy<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">6<\/td><td>Inadequate mechanisms for merit-based career management and progression<\/strong> of faculty and institutional leaders.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">7<\/td><td>Lesser emphasis on research<\/strong> at most universities and colleges, and lack of competitive peer-reviewed research funding across disciplines.<\/span>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u092c\u0932<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940-\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928-\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">8<\/td><td>Suboptimal governance and leadership<\/strong> of HEIs.<\/span>HEI \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0924\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">9<\/td><td>An ineffective regulatory system<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">10<\/td><td>Large affiliating universities<\/strong> resulting in low standards of undergraduate education.<\/span>\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong>, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\ud83d\udd17<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n How to use this list in an answer.<\/strong> Every major proposal in Part II is a direct answer to one of these ten problems. Fragmentation is answered by multidisciplinary institutions<\/strong>; rigid separation by the 4-year holistic Bachelor's<\/strong>; limited autonomy by graded autonomy and Boards of Governors<\/strong>; weak research by the NRF<\/strong>; the ineffective regulator by HECI<\/strong>; and large affiliating universities by the phasing out of affiliation<\/strong>. Pairing each problem with its remedy converts a memorized list into a structured argument.<\/span>\n \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0917 II \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong>; \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e 4-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915<\/strong>; \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932<\/strong>; \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0932 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e NRF<\/strong>; \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u093e HECI<\/strong>; \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong>\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u0920\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-2\">\n 3.2<\/span>\n <h3>Institutional Restructuring and Consolidation<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0947\u0915\u0928<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n The Policy's central structural aim is to end the fragmentation of higher education<\/strong> by transforming HEIs into large multidisciplinary universities, colleges and HEI clusters\/knowledge hubs<\/strong>, each of which will aim to have 3,000 or more students<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f HEI \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 HEI \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902\/\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 3,000 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"ladder\">\n <div class=\"rung\">\n <div class=\"rung-step\">1<\/span>RU<\/span><\/div>\n <div>\n <h5>Research-intensive Universities<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/h5>\n Give equally high priority to research and teaching<\/strong>. These are the institutions that will drive the knowledge creation the NRF funds.<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b NRF \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rung\">\n <div class=\"rung-step\">2<\/span>TU<\/span><\/div>\n <div>\n <h5>Teaching-intensive Universities<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/h5>\n Place greater emphasis on teaching<\/strong> but still conduct significant research. The distinction is one of emphasis, not of quality or status<\/strong> \u2014 a point the Policy makes explicitly.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0932<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0947\u0926 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u2014 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rung\">\n <div class=\"rung-step\">3<\/span>AC<\/span><\/div>\n <div>\n <h5>Autonomous degree-granting Colleges<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/h5>\n Large multidisciplinary institutions of higher learning granting undergraduate degrees, primarily focused on undergraduate teaching<\/strong>, and not affiliated to any university<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947<\/strong> \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928, \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0902<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">By 2030<\/span>2030 \u0924\u0915<\/span><\/span>There shall be at least one large multidisciplinary HEI in or near every district<\/strong>, and more HEIs will teach in local\/Indian languages<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 HEI<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 HEI \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f\/\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">MERUs<\/span>Multidisciplinary Education and Research Universities<\/strong> will be set up and will aim to attain the highest global standards in quality education<\/strong>, at par with IITs and IIMs, and will help set the highest standards for multidisciplinary education across India.<\/span>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0914\u0930 IIT \u0924\u0925\u093e IIM \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u092e \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Affiliation<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/span>The affiliated college system will be phased out in a period of 15 years<\/strong> through a stage-wise mechanism of granting graded autonomy<\/strong>. Every college will develop over time into either an autonomous degree-granting College<\/strong> or a constituent college of a university<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 15 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0917\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0918\u091f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">'University'<\/span>'\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f'<\/span><\/span>The term 'university'<\/strong> will be allowed to be used by an institution fulfilling the criteria, but the present nomenclature of deemed to be university, affiliating university, affiliating technical university and unitary university shall be replaced simply by 'university'<\/strong>.<\/span>'\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f'<\/strong> \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 '\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f'<\/strong> \u0932\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-3\">\n 3.3<\/span>\n <h3>Holistic and Multidisciplinary Education<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n The Policy grounds this in Indian tradition: ancient Indian universities such as Takshashila and Nalanda<\/strong> educated students in 64 kalaas or arts<\/strong>, which included not only subjects such as chemistry and mathematics but also singing, painting, medicine and engineering. The idea that a rounded education is superior to a narrow one is presented as a recovery, not an import<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong> \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b 64 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0905\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0941 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u0928, \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e, \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u0906\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83c\udf93 The four-year Bachelor's with multiple exit<\/span>\ud83c\udf93 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u093e\u0930-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915<\/span><\/div>\n The undergraduate degree will be of either 3 or 4-year duration<\/strong>, with multiple exit options within this period, with appropriate certification<\/strong>. Higher education institutions will have the flexibility to offer different designs of Master's programmes.<\/span>\n \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f 3 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e 4 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"scale-strip\">\n <div class=\"scale-step\">\n 1 yr<\/span>\n <h6>Certificate<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/h6>\n A certificate after completing 1 year in a discipline or field, including vocational and professional areas.<\/span>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"scale-step\">\n 2 yr<\/span>\n <h6>Diploma<\/span>\u0921\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u093e<\/span><\/h6>\n A diploma after 2 years of study.<\/span>2 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0921\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"scale-step\">\n 3 yr<\/span>\n <h6>Bachelor's<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915<\/span><\/h6>\n A Bachelor's degree after a 3-year programme.<\/span>3-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"scale-step\">\n 4 yr<\/span>\n <h6>Bachelor's with Research<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915<\/span><\/h6>\n The preferred option<\/strong>; allows a major with research if the student completes a rigorous research project in the major.<\/span>\u0935\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a<\/strong>; \u092f\u0926\u093f \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0947 \u0924\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">ABC<\/span>An Academic Bank of Credit<\/strong> will be established to digitally store the academic credits earned from various recognized HEIs<\/strong>, so that the degrees can be awarded taking into account credits earned. This is what makes multiple entry and exit workable in practice.<\/span>\u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 HEI \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0938\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Master's<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/span><\/span>A 2-year programme<\/strong> with the second year devoted entirely to research for those who have completed the 3-year Bachelor's; a 1-year Master's<\/strong> for those who have completed the 4-year Bachelor's with Research; or an integrated 5-year Bachelor's\/Master's<\/strong>.<\/span>3-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 2-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b; 4-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 1-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong>; \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 5-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915\/\u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">M.Phil<\/span>The M.Phil programme shall be discontinued<\/strong>. A PhD will require either a Master's degree or a 4-year Bachelor's degree with Research.<\/span>\u090f\u092e.\u092b\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u0940\u090f\u091a.\u0921\u0940. \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 4-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">NHEQF<\/span>A National Higher Education Qualification Framework<\/strong> will be formulated by the General Education Council<\/strong>, in sync with the National Skills Qualifications Framework (NSQF), to ease the integration of vocational education into higher education.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e (NSQF) \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\ud83d\udca1<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n Why multiple exit matters more than it appears.<\/strong> Under the old system a student who left after two years had nothing to show for it<\/strong> \u2014 the years were wasted. Multiple exit with certification means no period of study is ever lost<\/strong>, and the Academic Bank of Credit means a student can return years later and resume<\/strong>. This is the Policy's structural answer to dropout at the higher education level, exactly as open schooling was its answer at the school level.<\/span>\n \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong> \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e \u2014 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d<\/strong> \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-4\">\n 3.4<\/span>\n <h3>Optimal Learning Environments and Student Support<\/span>\u0907\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u092e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <ul class=\"icon-list\">\n <li>\u25b8<\/span>The curriculum must be interesting and relevant, and updated regularly<\/strong> to align with the latest knowledge requirements and to meet specified learning outcomes.<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u094b\u091a\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0924\u092e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>\u25b8<\/span>High-quality support services<\/strong> and a strong internal system for grievance redressal are essential to a good learning environment.<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u0924-\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>\u25b8<\/span>All HEIs will have credible mechanisms for redressal of grievances<\/strong>, will strengthen student counselling and mentoring<\/strong>, and will ensure financial, academic, career, psychological and social support<\/strong> to students from disadvantaged backgrounds.<\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 HEI \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u0924-\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f, \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915, \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915, \u092e\u0928\u094b\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>\u25b8<\/span>Financial assistance<\/strong> will be made available through the National Scholarship Portal<\/strong>, and private HEIs will be encouraged to offer larger numbers of free ships and scholarships<\/strong> to their students.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0932<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 HEI \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>\u25b8<\/span>All HEIs will ensure quality medical facilities for all students<\/strong> in their campuses.<\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 HEI \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>\u25b8<\/span>Open Distance Learning (ODL) and online programmes<\/strong> will be given the same standards, and made equivalent to the highest quality in-class programmes<\/strong>, to increase GER and lifelong learning opportunities.<\/span>\u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e (ODL) \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u092e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f GER \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-5\">\n 3.5<\/span>\n <h3>Motivated, Energized and Capable Faculty<\/span>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The Policy's diagnosis<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0926\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/div>\n The most important factor in the success of higher education institutions is the quality and engagement of its faculty<\/strong>. The Policy acknowledges frankly that various factors have led to lowered faculty motivation<\/strong> in recent years, and lists what will be corrected.<\/span>\n \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f-\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0918\u091f\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930-\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"feat-grid\">\n <div class=\"feat-card\">1<\/span>Infrastructure and resources<\/span>\u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/span><\/strong>All HEIs will have the basic infrastructure and facilities<\/strong> \u2014 clean drinking water, working toilets, electricity, learning resources and pleasant classrooms \u2014 to enable faculty to perform their roles.<\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 HEI \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940 \u2014 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b \u092a\u0947\u092f\u091c\u0932, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0936\u094c\u091a\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0916\u0926 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u2014 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">2<\/span>Manageable ratios<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924<\/span><\/strong>Teaching loads should not be so excessive<\/strong> as to hinder effective teaching; student-teacher ratios must not be too high<\/strong>, so that teaching remains a pleasant and engaging activity.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923-\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947; \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928 \u0939\u094b<\/strong>, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0941\u0916\u0926 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">3<\/span>Curricular autonomy<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong>Faculty will be given the freedom to design their own curricular and pedagogical approaches<\/strong> within the approved framework, including textbook and reading material selections, assignments and assessments.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0920\u0928-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">4<\/span>Excellence rewarded<\/span>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/strong>Faculty not delivering on basic norms will be held accountable<\/strong>. Excellence will be recognized through appropriate rewards, promotions and salary increases<\/strong>, and the best will be given national recognition.<\/span>\u091c\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u092c\u0926\u0947\u0939\u0940<\/strong> \u0924\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u092a\u0926\u094b\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928-\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0924\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">5<\/span>Career progression<\/span>\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/strong>A clearly defined, independent, transparent process and criteria<\/strong> for faculty recruitment; a fast-track promotion system<\/strong> for those with exceptional contributions; and tenure after a suitable probation period<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f-\u092d\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921<\/strong>; \u0905\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u094b\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/strong>; \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">6<\/span>Multiple parameters of appraisal<\/span>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0932<\/span><\/strong>Career management will be based on a multi-parameter, peer-reviewed system<\/strong> considering teaching, research, service, contribution to the institution and to the community.<\/span>\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0932, \u0938\u0939\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940-\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928, \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-6\">\n 3.6<\/span>\n <h3>Equity and Inclusion in Higher Education<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n The same SEDG categories<\/strong> defined in Part I apply here. The Policy notes that while overall GER has risen, the gaps between social groups persist<\/strong>, and lays out two sets of actions \u2014 those for governments and those for institutions.<\/span>\n \u092d\u093e\u0917 I \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u0939\u0940 SEDG \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 GER \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"pc-grid\">\n <div class=\"pc-panel neu\">\n <div class=\"pc-head\">1<\/span>Steps to be taken by Governments<\/span>\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0920\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0926\u092e<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <ul>\n <li>Earmark suitable government funds<\/strong> for the education of SEDGs.<\/span>SEDG \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Set clear targets for higher GER for SEDGs<\/strong>.<\/span>SEDG \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u0930 GER \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Enhance gender balance<\/strong> in admissions to HEIs.<\/span>HEI \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Enhance access by establishing more high-quality HEIs in aspirational districts and Special Education Zones<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e HEI \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Develop degree courses taught in Indian languages and bilingually<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947<\/strong> \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f-\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Provide more financial assistance and scholarships<\/strong> in both public and private HEIs.<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 HEI \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"pc-panel neu\">\n <div class=\"pc-head\">2<\/span>Steps to be taken by all HEIs<\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 HEI \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0920\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0926\u092e<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <ul>\n <li>Mitigate opportunity costs and fees<\/strong> for pursuing higher education.<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930-\u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915<\/strong> \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Conduct outreach programmes on higher education opportunities and scholarships<\/strong> among SEDGs.<\/span>SEDG \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Make admissions processes and curriculum more inclusive<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Develop more degree courses taught in Indian languages<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f-\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Ensure all buildings and facilities are wheelchair-accessible and disabled-friendly<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0935\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0932\u091a\u0947\u092f\u0930-\u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0917-\u0939\u093f\u0924\u0948\u0937\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Develop bridge courses<\/strong> for students from disadvantaged backgrounds, and strict enforcement of no discrimination and harassment<\/strong> rules.<\/span>\u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0947\u0924\u0941-\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u0928 \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-7\">\n 3.7<\/span>\n <h3>Teacher Education<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout red\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\u26a0\ufe0f The problem stated bluntly<\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/div>\n The Policy states that the teacher education sector has been beset by rampant commercialization<\/strong> and that a large number of stand-alone Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs) \u2014 over 10,000 in number \u2014 are not even attempting serious teacher education but are essentially selling degrees for a price<\/strong>. Regulatory efforts have so far not succeeded in curbing this problem<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 (TEI) \u2014 10,000 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u2014 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947, \u0905\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u0924\u0903 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0947\u091a \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/strong>\u0964 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0905\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0936 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">By 2030<\/span>2030 \u0924\u0915<\/span><\/span>The minimum degree qualification for teaching will be a 4-year integrated B.Ed.<\/strong> \u2014 a dual-major holistic Bachelor's degree in Education as well as a specialized subject such as language, history, music, mathematics, computer science, chemistry, economics or art.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e 4-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092c\u0940.\u090f\u0921.<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u2014 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e, \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938, \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924, \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0932\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Location<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/span>By 2030, teacher education will gradually be moved into multidisciplinary colleges and universities<\/strong>. All multidisciplinary universities and colleges will aim to establish education departments<\/strong>.<\/span>2030 \u0924\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u0903 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Shorter routes<\/span>\u0932\u0918\u0941 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/span><\/span>A 2-year B.Ed.<\/strong> for those who have already obtained a Bachelor's in a specialized subject, and a 1-year B.Ed.<\/strong> for those who have completed a 4-year undergraduate degree in a specialized subject.<\/span>\u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f 2-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0940.\u090f\u0921.<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 4-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f 1-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0940.\u090f\u0921.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Shutting down<\/span>\u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/span>By 2030, only educationally sound, multidisciplinary and integrated teacher education programmes shall be in force<\/strong>. Substandard and dysfunctional teacher education institutions will be shut down<\/strong>.<\/span>2030 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947<\/strong>\u0964 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">NMM<\/span>A National Mission for Mentoring<\/strong> will be established, with a large pool of outstanding senior\/retired faculty \u2014 including those with the ability to teach in Indian languages<\/strong> \u2014 who would be willing to provide short and long-term mentoring\/professional support to university\/college teachers.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0935\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\/\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f \u2014 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u2014 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\/\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\/\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">M.Ed \/ PhD<\/span>A 2-year M.Ed.<\/strong> programme will be offered for those who wish to become academic leaders and teacher educators<\/strong>. Teacher educators must have strong experience in school-level teaching<\/strong>.<\/span>\u091c\u094b \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f 2-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u090f\u092e.\u090f\u0921.<\/strong> \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-8\">\n 3.8<\/span>\n <h3>Reimagining Vocational Education<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout red\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\u26a0\ufe0f The figure that frames this chapter<\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e<\/span><\/div>\n The 12th Five-Year Plan estimated that only a very small percentage of the Indian workforce in the age group of 19\u201324 received any formal vocational education<\/strong> \u2014 in contrast to figures such as 52% in the USA, 75% in Germany and 96% in South Korea. The Policy diagnoses the cause bluntly: vocational education has been seen as inferior to mainstream education and meant largely for students unable to cope with the latter<\/strong>.<\/span>\n 12\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u0902\u091a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f 19\u201324 \u0906\u092f\u0941-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u093c\u0930\u093e<\/strong> \u2014 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 52%, \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 75% \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 96% \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u0903 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0909\u0928 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091a\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u0947<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Target<\/span>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/span>By 2025, at least 50% of learners<\/strong> through the school and higher education system shall have exposure to vocational education<\/strong>.<\/span>2025 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e 50% \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Integration<\/span>\u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/span>Vocational education will be integrated into all school and higher education institutions in a phased manner over the next decade<\/strong>, with focus areas chosen based on skills gap analysis and mapping of local opportunities.<\/span>\u0905\u0917\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">NCIVE<\/span>A National Committee for the Integration of Vocational Education (NCIVE)<\/strong>, consisting of experts in vocational education and representatives from across Ministries, will be constituted to oversee this effort.<\/span>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f (NCIVE)<\/strong> \u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Lok Vidya<\/span>\u0932\u094b\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/span>'Lok Vidya'<\/strong> \u2014 important vocational knowledge developed in India \u2014 will be made accessible to students through integration into vocational education courses<\/strong>. This is the Policy's way of dignifying indigenous craft knowledge.<\/span>'\u0932\u094b\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e'<\/strong> \u2014 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u2014 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0932\u092d<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u091c \u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a-\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">NSQF<\/span>The National Skills Qualifications Framework<\/strong> will be detailed further for each discipline, and Indian standards will be aligned with the International Standard Classification of Occupations<\/strong> maintained by the International Labour Organization.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Delivery<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/span>Skill labs<\/strong> will be set up and created in schools in a hub-and-spoke model, allowing other schools to use the facility. HEIs will offer vocational education either on their own or in partnership with industry and NGOs. B.Voc. degrees<\/strong> introduced in 2013 will continue, but vocational courses will also be available to all other students.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u0939\u092c-\u090f\u0902\u0921-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964 HEI \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 NGO \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 2013 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u092c\u0940.\u0935\u094b\u0915. \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0940, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-9\">\n 3.9<\/span>\n <h3>Catalysing Quality Academic Research: the NRF<\/span>\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0924\u093f: NRF<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n The Policy argues that knowledge creation and research are critical in growing and sustaining a large and vibrant economy<\/strong>, and that India's investment is far too low: India spends only 0.69% of GDP on research and innovation<\/strong>, as compared with 2.8% in the United States, 4.3% in Israel and 4.2% in South Korea<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0902\u0924 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928 \u0939\u0948: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 GDP \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 0.69%<\/strong> \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 2.8%, \u0907\u091c\u093c\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 4.3% \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 4.2%<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The National Research Foundation<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/span><\/div>\n This Policy envisions the establishment of a National Research Foundation (NRF)<\/strong>. The overarching goal<\/strong> of the NRF will be to enable a culture of research to permeate through our universities<\/strong>. The NRF will be governed independently of the government by a rotating Board of Governors consisting of the very best researchers and innovators across fields<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0936\u0928 (NRF)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 NRF \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u092a\u0930\u093f \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong>\u0964 NRF \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0924\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The four initial divisions<\/span>\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0917<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"feat-grid\">\n <div class=\"feat-card\">1<\/span>Sciences<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/strong>Fundamental and applied research across the natural sciences.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">2<\/span>Technology<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/span><\/strong>Applied and translational research with clear paths to use.<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">3<\/span>Social Sciences<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c-\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/strong>Included deliberately \u2014 the Policy insists research funding must not be confined to STEM.<\/span>\u091c\u093e\u0928\u092c\u0942\u091d\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u2014 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928-\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 STEM \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">4<\/span>Arts and Humanities<\/span>\u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/span><\/strong>Also funded on equal footing, with additional divisions to be added over time.<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The four functions of the NRF<\/span>NRF \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/h4>\n <ul class=\"split-list\">\n <li>1<\/span>Fund<\/strong> competitive, peer-reviewed grant proposals of all types and across all disciplines.<\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0940, \u0938\u0939\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940-\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>2<\/span>Seed, grow and facilitate research<\/strong> at academic institutions, particularly at universities and colleges where research is currently in a nascent stage<\/strong>, through mentoring.<\/span>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948<\/strong>, \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0940\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>3<\/span>Act as a liaison<\/strong> between researchers and relevant branches of government as well as industry, so that research informs policy and reaches implementation.<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915-\u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong>, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>4<\/span>Recognize outstanding research<\/strong> and progress through special awards and national seminars.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-10\">\n 3.10<\/span>\n <h3>Transforming the Regulatory System: HECI<\/span>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923: HECI<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udccc The principle \u2014 'light but tight'<\/span>\ud83d\udccc \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u2014 '\u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906'<\/span><\/div>\n Regulation will be 'light but tight'<\/strong> to ensure financial probity, good governance and full transparency<\/strong>, while eliminating the heavy hand of regulation<\/strong>. The distinct functions of regulation, accreditation, funding and academic standard setting will be conducted by four independent verticals within one umbrella institution<\/strong> \u2014 the same separation-of-powers logic seen in school education in \u00a72.9.<\/span>\n \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 '\u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906'<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0908\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940, \u0938\u0941\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928, \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u2014 \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f-\u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u091c\u094b \u00a72.9 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n \n A single overarching umbrella body \u2014 the Higher Education Commission of India (HECI)<\/strong> \u2014 will be set up for the entire higher education, excluding medical and legal education<\/strong>. HECI itself will not have powers over the individual institutions<\/strong>; it will function through its four verticals, each of which will be an independent, empowered body<\/strong>. HECI will use technology extensively<\/strong> and will have few but well-qualified experts<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u092a\u0930\u093f \u091b\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u2014 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917 (HECI)<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong>\u0964 HECI \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940; \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 HECI \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0941\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Vertical<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d<\/span><\/th>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Function<\/span>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What it does<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">NHERC<\/strong><\/td>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Regulation<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>The National Higher Education Regulatory Council<\/strong> \u2014 the single point regulator<\/strong> for higher education including teacher education, but excluding medical and legal education. It regulates through a much-reduced human interface<\/strong>, relying on public self-disclosure by institutions<\/strong> rather than inspection.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u2014 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u090f\u0915\u0932-\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915<\/strong>, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0918\u091f\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935-\u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">NAC<\/strong><\/td>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Accreditation<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>The National Accreditation Council<\/strong> \u2014 a meta-accrediting body<\/strong>. Accreditation will be a binary process<\/strong> in the initial years, moving eventually to a graded system. Accreditation will be the primary means for regulating institutions<\/strong>, and is the basis on which graded autonomy is granted.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u2014 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/strong>\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">HEGC<\/strong><\/td>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Funding<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>The Higher Education Grants Council<\/strong> \u2014 carries out funding and financing<\/strong> of higher education based on transparent criteria, on the development plans of institutions<\/strong>, and on their progress on those plans.<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u2014 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938-\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">GEC<\/strong><\/td>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Academic standards<\/span>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>The General Education Council<\/strong> \u2014 frames expected learning outcomes<\/strong> for higher education programmes, that is, graduate attributes<\/strong>. It will formulate the National Higher Education Qualification Framework (NHEQF)<\/strong>, and professional councils such as NCTE, AICTE and the Veterinary Council<\/strong> will act as Professional Standard Setting Bodies (PSSBs)<\/strong> under it.<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u2014 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e<\/strong>, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915-\u0917\u0941\u0923<\/strong>, \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e (NHEQF)<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e NCTE, AICTE \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0936\u0941 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f (PSSB)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\u2696\ufe0f<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n Two further points that complete the answer.<\/strong> First, the same norms will apply to public and private institutions alike<\/strong> \u2014 the Policy explicitly states that all HEIs will be treated on par with respect to regulation, accreditation and academic standards. Second, private HEIs with a philanthropic and public-spirited intent will be encouraged<\/strong>, but there will be transparent public disclosure of fees<\/strong>, with fees capped so that commercialization is curbed<\/strong> while institutions retain the freedom to set fees within limits.<\/span>\n \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0964<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921<\/strong> \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u2014 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 HEI \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f, \u092a\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0939\u093f\u0924-\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 HEI \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928<\/strong> \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0924\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0936<\/strong> \u0932\u0917\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n3-11\">\n 3.11<\/span>\n <h3>Effective Governance and Leadership of HEIs<\/span>HEI \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"flow-wrap\">\n <div class=\"flow-note\">\n \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f The direction of travel is from external control towards internal, empowered self-governance<\/strong> \u2014 but autonomy is earned through accreditation<\/strong>, not granted automatically.<\/span>\n \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915, \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0935-\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-steps\">\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 1<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Graded accreditation<\/span>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/strong>\n Institutions are accredited by the NAC. Accreditation status determines the degree of autonomy an institution may exercise.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 NAC \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0940 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 2<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Graded autonomy<\/span>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong>\n Colleges will be granted graded autonomy \u2014 academic, administrative and financial<\/strong> \u2014 based on the status of their accreditation, moving in stages towards full degree-granting status.<\/span>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u2014 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f<\/strong> \u2014 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 3<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Board of Governors \u2014 by 2035<\/span>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u2014 2035 \u0924\u0915<\/span><\/strong>\n Every higher education institution will eventually be governed by an independent Board of Governors (BoG)<\/strong> consisting of a group of highly qualified, competent and dedicated individuals having proven capabilities and a strong sense of commitment<\/strong>. The BoG shall be empowered to govern the institution free of any external interference<\/strong>, make all appointments including that of the head of the institution, and be accountable to the stakeholders through transparent self-disclosure<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 (BoG)<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 BoG \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947<\/strong>, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0924\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u091c\u0935\u093e\u092c\u0926\u0947\u0939<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 4<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Institutional Development Plan<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/strong>\n Each institution will make a strategic Institutional Development Plan (IDP)<\/strong> on the basis of which institutions will develop initiatives, assess their progress, and reach the goals set therein \u2014 which then becomes the basis on which the HEGC funds them<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e (IDP)<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u2014 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0930 HEGC \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\ud83d\udd17<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n The single thread through the whole of Part II.<\/strong> Accreditation determines autonomy; autonomy is exercised by the Board of Governors; the Board's Institutional Development Plan determines funding. Quality \u2192 freedom \u2192 money<\/strong>, in that order. This chain is what replaces the present system of uniform control regardless of performance, and stating the chain in that order is what turns a list of four bodies into a coherent account of how the Policy intends higher education to be run.<\/span>\n \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0917 II \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0964<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u2192 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u2192 \u0927\u0928<\/strong>, \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0936\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/section>\n\n\n \n <section class=\"chapter-content\" data-chap=\"4\">\n\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\">\n PART III<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0917 III<\/span><\/span>\n <h2>\n Other Key Areas of Focus<\/span>\n \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span>\n <\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"keyfact-grid\">\n <div class=\"keyfact-card amber-hi\" style=\"border-top-color:var(--plum);\">\n \ud83d\udde3\ufe0f<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">Languages Lost<\/span>\u0932\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">220 in 50 years<\/span>50 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">And UNESCO has declared 197 Indian languages 'endangered'<\/span>\u0924\u0925\u093e UNESCO \u0928\u0947 197 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b '\u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924' \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keyfact-card teal-hi\">\n \ud83e\ude7a<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">Healthcare Education<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:14px;\">Integrative<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0924<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">Allopathic students must understand AYUSH \u2014 and vice versa<\/span>\u090f\u0932\u094b\u092a\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b AYUSH \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u2014 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u092d\u0940<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keyfact-card navy-hi\">\n \ud83d\udcbb<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">New Body<\/span>\u0928\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">NETF<\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">An autonomous body to advise on educational technology and disruptive change<\/span>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0935\u0902\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n4-1\">\n 4.1<\/span>\n <h3>Professional Education<\/span>\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The three elements of preparing a professional<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/span><\/div>\n Preparation of professionals must involve (1) an education in the ethic and importance of public purpose, (2) an education in the discipline, and (3) an education for practice<\/strong>. It must centrally involve critical and interdisciplinary thinking, discussion, debate, research and innovation. For this to be achieved, professional education should not take place in the isolation of one's specialty<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 (1) \u0932\u094b\u0915-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, (2) \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e (3) \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928, \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e, \u0935\u093e\u0926-\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0915\u0940\u092a\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n Accordingly, stand-alone agricultural universities, legal universities, health science universities, technical universities and stand-alone institutions in other fields shall aim to become multidisciplinary institutions<\/strong>. All institutions offering either professional or general education will aim to organically evolve into institutions offering both seamlessly by 2030<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0924\u0926\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947<\/strong>\u0964 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 2030 \u0924\u0915 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0927 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Field<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What the Policy proposes<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Agricultural education<\/span>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Agricultural universities comprise approximately 9% of all universities<\/strong>, yet enrolment in agriculture and allied sciences is less than 1% of all enrolment<\/strong> in higher education. Both capacity and quality must be improved. Agricultural Technology Parks<\/strong> will be set up to promote technology incubation and dissemination, and the design of agricultural education will shift towards developing professionals with the ability to understand and use local knowledge, traditional knowledge and emerging technologies<\/strong>, while being cognizant of declining land productivity, climate change and food sufficiency.<\/span>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 9%<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u093e 1% \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u092e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092d\u0935\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0917\u0940 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f-\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f-\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u091c\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Legal education<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Legal education needs to be competitive globally<\/strong>, adopting best practices and embracing new technologies for wider access to and timely delivery of justice. It must be informed and illuminated with Constitutional values of Justice \u2014 Social, Economic and Political<\/strong> \u2014 and directed towards national reconstruction through democracy, rule of law and human rights<\/strong>. State institutions offering law education must consider offering bilingual education \u2014 in English and in the language of the State<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u092f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u2014 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f-\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930-\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u2014 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u2014 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr style=\"background:#f2fdfa;\">\n <td class=\"narrow\">Healthcare education<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Healthcare education must be re-envisioned<\/strong> so that the duration, structure and design of educational programmes match the role requirements graduates will play. Given that people exercise pluralistic choices in healthcare<\/strong>, the system must be integrative \u2014 all students of allopathic medical education must have a basic understanding of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH), and vice versa<\/strong>. There will also be a much greater emphasis on preventive healthcare and community medicine<\/strong> in all forms of healthcare education.<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f, \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0909\u0928 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u094b \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a<\/strong> \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u2014 \u090f\u0932\u094b\u092a\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u092f\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926, \u092f\u094b\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e, \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u092e\u094d\u092f\u094b\u092a\u0948\u0925\u0940 (AYUSH) \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u092d\u0940<\/strong>\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Technical education<\/span>\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Technical education includes degree and diploma programmes in engineering, technology, management, architecture, town planning, pharmacy, hotel management and catering technology<\/strong>. It will also aim to be offered within multidisciplinary institutions<\/strong>. India must take the lead in preparing professionals in cutting-edge areas \u2014 Artificial Intelligence, 3-D machining, big data analysis, machine learning, genomic studies, biotechnology, nanotechnology and neuroscience<\/strong> \u2014 with applications to health, environment and sustainable living woven into undergraduate education.<\/span>\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928, \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0915\u0932\u093e, \u0928\u0917\u0930-\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928, \u092b\u093c\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0938\u0940, \u0939\u094b\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930<\/strong> \u0926\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u2014 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e, 3-\u0921\u0940 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u092c\u093f\u0917 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923, \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u091c\u0940\u0928\u094b\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928, \u091c\u0948\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e-\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u2014 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f, \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n4-2\">\n 4.2<\/span>\n <h3>Adult Education and Lifelong Learning<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n The Policy treats literacy as a basic right<\/strong>: the opportunity to attain foundational literacy, obtain an education and pursue a livelihood must be viewed as a basic right of every citizen<\/strong>. Literacy and basic education are powerful force multipliers<\/strong> which greatly enhance the success of all other developmental efforts, and worldwide data indicate extremely high correlations between literacy rates and per capita GDP<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f<\/strong>\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932 \u092c\u0932-\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0915<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f GDP \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u0939\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/strong> \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <h4>The five types of adult education programmes<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"feat-grid\">\n <div class=\"feat-card\">a<\/span>Foundational literacy and numeracy<\/span>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong>The ability to read and comprehend basic text, and carry out basic arithmetic \u2014 the same definition used for schoolchildren in Part I.<\/span>\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0920 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u2014 \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u091c\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0917 I \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">b<\/span>Critical life skills<\/span>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928-\u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932<\/span><\/strong>Including financial literacy, digital literacy, commercial skills, health care and awareness, child care and education, and family welfare<\/strong>.<\/span>\u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0935\u093e\u0923\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u0936\u093f\u0936\u0941-\u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">c<\/span>Vocational skills development<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/strong>With a view towards obtaining local employment<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0930\u094b\u091c\u093c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">d<\/span>Basic education<\/span>\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/strong>Including preparatory, middle and secondary stage equivalency<\/strong>.<\/span>\u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915, \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">e<\/span>Continuing education<\/span>\u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/strong>Engaging holistic adult education courses in arts, sciences, technology, culture, sports and recreation<\/strong>, and other topics of interest or use to local learners.<\/span>\u0915\u0932\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f, \u0916\u0947\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0928\u094b\u0930\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Curriculum<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/span>An outstanding adult education curriculum framework<\/strong> will be developed by a new and well-supported constituent body of the NCERT<\/strong> dedicated to adult education. The framework will keep in mind that adults require different teaching-learning methods and materials than those designed for children<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 NCERT \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u090f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923-\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">AECs<\/span>Adult Education Centres<\/strong> may be included within school complexes, HEIs and vocational training centres<\/strong>. A key initiative will be to use school infrastructure after school hours and on weekends, and public library spaces<\/strong>, for adult education courses \u2014 ensuring efficient use of both physical and human resources.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932\u094b\u0902, HEI \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u0939\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f-\u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u2014 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Volunteers<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902\u0938\u0947\u0935\u0915<\/span><\/span>Volunteerism and community involvement<\/strong> are named as key success factors<\/strong> of adult literacy programmes \u2014 as demonstrated by the National Literacy Mission launched in 1988<\/strong>, which resulted in significant increases in national literacy between 1991 and 2011, including among women. Qualified community members, including students from HEIs as part of each HEI's mission to engage with its local community<\/strong>, will be encouraged to serve as adult literacy instructors.<\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e-\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915<\/strong> \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e 1988 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 1991 \u090f\u0935\u0902 2011 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0908, \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940\u0964 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 HEI \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 HEI \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924<\/strong>, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Libraries<\/span>\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/span>Improving the availability and accessibility of books<\/strong> is essential to inculcating the habit of reading. Steps include strengthening existing libraries, setting up rural libraries and reading rooms in disadvantaged regions, opening children's libraries and mobile libraries, and establishing social book clubs<\/strong> across India.<\/span>\u092a\u0920\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0926\u0924 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u092c\u093e\u0932-\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091a\u0932-\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0916\u094b\u0932\u0928\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915-\u0915\u094d\u0932\u092c \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n4-3\">\n 4.3<\/span>\n <h3>Promotion of Indian Languages, Arts and Culture<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout red\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\u26a0\ufe0f The scale of the loss<\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/span><\/div>\n Indian languages have not received their due attention and care<\/strong>, with the country losing over 220 languages in the last 50 years alone<\/strong>. UNESCO has declared 197 Indian languages as 'endangered'<\/strong>. Various unscripted languages are particularly in danger: when the senior members of a tribe or community that speak such languages pass away, these languages often perish with them<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0917\u0924 50 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 220 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0916\u094b \u0926\u0940\u0902<\/strong>\u0964 UNESCO \u0928\u0947 197 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b '\u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924' \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u0964 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u091c\u092c \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947, \u092f\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0903 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 Why language matters to culture<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/div>\n Language is inextricably linked to art and culture<\/strong>. Different languages 'see' the world differently<\/strong>, and the structure of a language determines a native speaker's perception of experience. Culture is encased in our languages<\/strong> \u2014 and art, in the form of literature, plays, music and film, cannot be fully appreciated without language. Therefore, in order to preserve and promote culture, one must preserve and promote a culture's languages<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u093f\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 '\u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0940'<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0941\u0908<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u0928\u093e\u091f\u0915, \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091a\u0932\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0928\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The institutional measures<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/h4>\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Measure<\/span>\u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What is proposed<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Academies<\/span>\u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>For each of the languages mentioned in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution<\/strong>, Academies will be established consisting of some of the greatest scholars and native speakers<\/strong>, to determine simple yet accurate vocabulary for the latest concepts<\/strong> and to release updated dictionaries on a regular basis<\/strong> \u2014 as is done successfully for many other world languages.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0920\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0924\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940<\/strong> \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0928 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0915\u094b\u0936<\/strong> \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u2014 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935-\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">IITI<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>An Indian Institute of Translation and Interpretation<\/strong> will be established, to make high-quality learning materials and other important written and spoken material available to the public in various Indian and foreign languages<\/strong>. It will employ multilingual language and subject experts<\/strong> and will make extensive use of technology.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091a\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u0916\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0932\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e<\/strong> \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Classical languages<\/span>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>National Institutes (or Institutes) for Pali, Persian and Prakrit<\/strong> will be set up within a university campus<\/strong>. Existing institutes and universities studying all classical languages<\/strong> will be expanded, with strong efforts to collect, preserve, translate and study the tens of thousands of manuscripts<\/strong> that have not yet received their due attention.<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f, \u092b\u093c\u093e\u0930\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0941\u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939, \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Sanskrit<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Sanskrit will be mainstreamed<\/strong>, with strong offerings in school \u2014 including as an option in the three-language formula \u2014 as well as in higher education. It will be taught not in isolation, but in interesting and innovative ways, connected to other contemporary and relevant subjects<\/strong> such as mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, linguistics, dramatics and yoga. Sanskrit Universities too will move towards becoming large multidisciplinary institutions.<\/strong><\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0906\u090f\u0917\u0940, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u2014 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u2014 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0905\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u094b\u091a\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924, \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932, \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u0928\u093e\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Artist-in-Residence<\/span>\u0915\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Every higher education institution and even every school or school complex will aim to have Artists-in-Residence<\/strong>, to expose students to art, creativity and the rich treasures of the region and country. Outstanding local artists and craftspersons will be hired as guest faculty<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0917\u093e<\/strong>, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0932\u093e, \u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0940 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Documentation<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>All languages in India and their associated arts and culture will be documented through a web-based platform\/portal\/wiki<\/strong>, containing videos, dictionaries and recordings of people \u2014 especially elders \u2014 speaking the language, telling stories, reciting poetry, and performing plays, folk songs and dances<\/strong>. People from across the country will be invited to contribute.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928 \u0935\u0947\u092c-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0902\u091a\/\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0932\/\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u2014 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u091c\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u2014 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0947, \u0915\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0928\u0947, \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0920 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093e\u091f\u0915, \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0917\u0940\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b, \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0915\u094b\u0936 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0927\u094d\u0935\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0906\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">Tourism<\/span>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u091f\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n <td>Under Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat<\/em>, 100 tourist destinations in the country will be identified<\/strong> where educational institutions will send students to study these destinations and their history, scientific contributions, traditions, indigenous literature and knowledge.<\/span>\u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 100 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u091f\u0928-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938, \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0926\u0947\u0936\u091c \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n4-4\">\n 4.4<\/span>\n <h3>Technology Use and Integration<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udccc The relationship is two-way<\/span>\ud83d\udccc \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/div>\n While education will play a critical role in this transformation<\/strong>, technology itself will play an important role in the improvement of educational processes and outcomes<\/strong>; thus the relationship between technology and education at all levels is bi-directional<\/strong>. This single sentence is the frame for the whole chapter.<\/span>\n \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0907\u0938 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940<\/strong>, \u0935\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940<\/strong>; \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0936 \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The National Educational Technology Forum (NETF)<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u091a (NETF)<\/span><\/div>\n An autonomous body<\/strong> will be created to provide a platform for the free exchange of ideas on the use of technology to enhance learning, assessment, planning and administration<\/strong>, for both school and higher education. Its aim is to facilitate decision-making on the induction, deployment and use of technology<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e, \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928, \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0902\u091a<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936, \u0924\u0948\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The four functions of the NETF<\/span>NETF \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/h4>\n <ul class=\"split-list\">\n <li>a<\/span>Provide independent evidence-based advice<\/strong> to Central and State Government agencies on technology-based interventions.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>b<\/span>Build intellectual and institutional capacities<\/strong> in educational technology.<\/span>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>c<\/span>Envision strategic thrust areas<\/strong> in this domain.<\/span>\u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0932-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>d<\/span>Articulate new directions for research and innovation<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\u26a1<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n The disruptive-technology argument.<\/strong> The Policy makes a striking historical point: when the 1986\/92 Policy was formulated, it was difficult to predict the disruptive effect that the internet would bring<\/strong>. It therefore assigns the NETF a permanent task \u2014 to categorize emergent technologies based on their potential and estimated timeframe for disruption<\/strong>, and to present this analysis periodically to the Ministry. Artificial Intelligence<\/strong> is named as the current example: as the cost of AI-based prediction falls, AI will match or outperform even skilled professionals in certain predictive tasks, and the education system must be poised to respond quickly<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0935\u0902\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0964<\/strong> \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u091c\u092c 1986\/92 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0928\u0940, \u0924\u092c \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0935\u0902\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0925\u093e<\/strong>\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0935\u0939 NETF \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094c\u0902\u092a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0935\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 AI-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0918\u091f\u0947\u0917\u0940, AI \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915\u0925\u0928-\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0940\u0918\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n4-5\">\n 4.5<\/span>\n <h3>Online and Digital Education<\/span>\u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n This chapter was added in direct response to the pandemic: the recent rise in epidemics and pandemics necessitates that we are ready with alternative modes of quality education whenever and wherever traditional and in-person modes of education are not possible<\/strong>. The Policy recognizes the advantages of technology while acknowledging its potential risks and dangers<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e: \u092e\u0939\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u092c \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928 \u0939\u094b, \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u092e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0902<\/strong>\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"callout red\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\u26a0\ufe0f The four cautions the Policy states<\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/div>\n <ul class=\"split-list\" style=\"margin-top:4px;\">\n <li>1<\/span>The benefits of online education cannot be leveraged unless the digital divide is eliminated<\/strong> through concerted efforts, since a substantial section of the population still has highly limited digital access<\/strong>.<\/span>\u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928 \u0939\u094b, \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0909\u0920\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947<\/strong>, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>2<\/span>It cannot be assumed that a good teacher in a traditional classroom will automatically be a good teacher in an online classroom<\/strong> \u2014 teachers require suitable training to become effective online educators.<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0903 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e<\/strong> \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>3<\/span>There are numerous challenges to conducting online examinations at scale<\/strong> \u2014 limitations on the types of questions that can be asked, handling network and power disruptions, and preventing unethical practices<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2014 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0947 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0925\u093e\u092e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>4<\/span>Unless online education is blended with experiential and activity-based learning<\/strong>, it will tend to become screen-based education with limited focus on the social, affective and psychomotor dimensions of learning<\/strong>.<\/span>\u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0928 \u0939\u094b, \u0935\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915, \u092d\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The ten key initiatives<\/span>\u0926\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/h4>\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">#<\/th>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Initiative<\/span>\u092a\u0939\u0932<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What it involves<\/span>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">a<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Pilot studies<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td>Agencies such as NETF, CIET, NIOS, IGNOU, IITs and NITs<\/strong> will conduct a series of pilot studies to evaluate the benefits of online education while mitigating the downsides<\/strong>, and study areas such as student device addiction and preferred e-content formats.<\/span>NETF, CIET, NIOS, IGNOU, IIT \u090f\u0935\u0902 NIT<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u091a\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0918\u091f\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0938\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0908-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0942\u092a \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">b<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Digital infrastructure<\/span>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td>Investment in open, interoperable, evolvable public digital infrastructure<\/strong> that can be used by multiple platforms, to solve for India's scale, diversity, complexity and device penetration<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924, \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0940\u092f, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u0902\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947, \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e, \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">c<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Platforms and tools<\/span>\u092e\u0902\u091a \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td>Existing platforms such as SWAYAM and DIKSHA<\/strong> will be extended to provide teachers with a structured, user-friendly, rich set of assistive tools<\/strong>, including two-way video and two-way audio interfaces<\/strong> for holding online classes.<\/span>SWAYAM \u090f\u0935\u0902 DIKSHA<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0902\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e-\u0939\u093f\u0924\u0948\u0937\u0940, \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928-\u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091a\u092f<\/strong> \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0936 \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0936 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">d<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Content creation<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940-\u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td>A digital repository of content<\/strong> including coursework, learning games and simulations, augmented reality and virtual reality<\/strong>, with a clear public system for ratings by users<\/strong> on effectiveness and quality.<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u0916\u0947\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923, \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u0925\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092f\u0925\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr style=\"background:#fff9ef;\"><td class=\"narrow\">e<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Addressing the digital divide<\/span>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td>Given that a substantial section still has limited digital access, existing mass media \u2014 television, radio and community radio \u2014 will be extensively used<\/strong>. Such programmes will be available 24\/7 and in different languages<\/strong>.<\/span>\u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u2014 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928, \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u2014 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u091a\u094c\u092c\u0940\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0918\u0902\u091f\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">f<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Virtual labs<\/span>\u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td>Platforms such as DIKSHA, SWAYAM and SWAYAMPRABHA<\/strong> will be leveraged for creating virtual labs<\/strong> so that all students have equal access to quality practical and hands-on experiment-based learning.<\/span>DIKSHA, SWAYAM \u090f\u0935\u0902 SWAYAMPRABHA<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0902\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947<\/strong> \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">g<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Teacher training<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td>Teachers will undergo rigorous training in learner-centric pedagogy<\/strong> and on how to become high-quality online content creators themselves<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e-\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/strong> \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">h<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Online assessment<\/span>\u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td>Bodies such as PARAKH, School Boards and NTA<\/strong> will design assessment frameworks encompassing competencies, portfolio, rubrics, standardized assessments and assessment analytics<\/strong>.<\/span>PARAKH, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u090f\u0935\u0902 NTA<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928-\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u093c\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b, \u0930\u0942\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">i<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Blended learning<\/span>\u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td>While promoting digital learning, the importance of face-to-face in-person learning is fully recognized<\/strong>. Different effective models of blended learning<\/strong> will be identified for appropriate replication for different subjects.<\/span>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0906\u092e\u0928\u0947-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">j<\/td><td class=\"narrow\">Laying down standards<\/span>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/strong><\/td><td>As research emerges, NETF and other appropriate bodies shall set up standards of content, technology and pedagogy<\/strong> for online and digital teaching-learning.<\/span>\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e, NETF \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/strong> \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923-\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\ud83c\udfe2<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n The one new administrative unit to remember.<\/strong> A dedicated unit for the purpose of orchestrating the building of digital infrastructure, digital content and capacity building will be created in the Ministry<\/strong>, to look after the e-education needs of both school and higher education<\/strong>. The Policy's justification is worth quoting: technology in education is a journey and not a destination<\/em> \u2014 and since technology evolves rapidly, a vibrant ecosystem must be encouraged to create solutions that evolve with it<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0938\u094d\u092e\u0930\u0923 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908\u0964<\/strong> \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940<\/strong>, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0908-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0914\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0930\u0923-\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948: \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0917\u0902\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/em> \u2014 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0902\u0924 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f<\/strong>\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/section>\n\n\n \n <section class=\"chapter-content\" data-chap=\"5\">\n\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\">\n PART IV<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0917 IV<\/span><\/span>\n <h2>\n Making It Happen<\/span>\n \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928<\/span>\n <\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"keyfact-grid\">\n <div class=\"keyfact-card amber-hi\">\n \ud83d\udcb0<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">The Unmet Target<\/span>\u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">4.43% \u2192 6% of GDP<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">First set in 1968, reiterated in 1986, reaffirmed in 1992 \u2014 and still not reached<\/span>1968 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, 1986 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e, 1992 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f \u2014 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keyfact-card navy-hi\">\n \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">Renaming<\/span>\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:14px;\">MHRD \u2192 MoE<\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">To bring the focus back on education and learning<\/span>\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"keyfact-card teal-hi\">\n \ud83d\udcc5<\/span>\n <div class=\"kf-label\">Full Operation<\/span>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-value\" style=\"font-size:15px;\">2030\u201340<\/div>\n <div class=\"kf-sub\">The decade in which the entire Policy will be in operational mode<\/span>\u0935\u0939 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928-\u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n5-1\">\n 5.1<\/span>\n <h3>Strengthening the Central Advisory Board of Education<\/span>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n Achieving successful implementation of this Policy demands a long-term vision, availability of expertise on a sustained basis, and concerted action from all concerned<\/strong> encompassing National, State, institutional and individual levels<\/strong>. In this context, the Policy recommends strengthening and empowering the Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE)<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0907\u0938 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 (CABE) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"pc-grid\">\n <div class=\"pc-panel neu\">\n <div class=\"pc-head\">\u25c7<\/span>CABE as it has been<\/span>CABE \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <ul>\n <li>A forum for widespread consultation<\/strong> on issues relating to educational and cultural development.<\/span>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0902\u091a<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>An advisory body examining such issues as and when they arose.<\/span>\u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u092c \u0935\u0947 \u0909\u0920\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u092c, \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"pc-panel pro\">\n <div class=\"pc-head\">\u2713<\/span>The remodelled and rejuvenated CABE<\/span>\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 CABE<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <ul>\n <li>Will have a much greater mandate<\/strong> \u2014 not only a forum for consultation.<\/span>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u2014 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0902\u091a \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Will be responsible for developing, articulating, evaluating and revising the vision of education in the country on a continuous basis<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924, \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947<\/strong> \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Will work in close collaboration with the Ministry and the corresponding apex bodies of States<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Will create and continuously review the institutional frameworks<\/strong> that shall help attain this vision.<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n The renaming, and why it matters.<\/strong> The Policy recommends that the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) be re-designated as the Ministry of Education (MoE)<\/strong>, and gives its reason in a single phrase: to bring the focus back on education and learning<\/strong>. The change was effected in July 2020<\/strong>. The point behind it is substantive rather than cosmetic \u2014 'human resource development' frames education as an input to the economy, whereas 'education' names it as a good in itself, which is precisely the Policy's stated philosophical position.<\/span>\n \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0964<\/strong> \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f (MHRD) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f (MoE) \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b<\/strong>\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908 2020<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0935\u091f\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 '\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938' \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f '\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e' \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u0941\u092d \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n5-2\">\n 5.2<\/span>\n <h3>Financing: Affordable and Quality Education for All<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923: \u0938\u092c\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0941\u0932\u092d \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout red\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\u26a0\ufe0f The gap between promise and practice<\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f \u0935\u091a\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932<\/span><\/div>\n Public expenditure on education in India has not come close to the recommended level of 6% of GDP<\/strong>, as envisaged by the 1968 Policy<\/strong>, reiterated in the Policy of 1986<\/strong>, and further reaffirmed in the 1992 review<\/strong>. The current public expenditure \u2014 Centre and States together \u2014 has been around 4.43% of GDP<\/strong>, and only around 10% of total Government spending<\/strong> towards education. These numbers are far smaller than most developed and developing countries.<\/strong><\/span>\n \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f GDP \u0915\u0947 6% \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e 1968 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940, 1986 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908, \u0924\u0925\u093e 1992 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u2014 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u2014 GDP \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 4.43%<\/strong> \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 10%<\/strong> \u0939\u0940\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span>\n The Policy therefore unequivocally endorses and envisions a substantial increase in public investment in education by both the Central government and all State Governments<\/strong>. The Centre and the States will work together to increase the public investment in the education sector to reach 6% of GDP at the earliest<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0936\u0940\u0918\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0918\u094d\u0930 GDP \u0915\u0947 6% \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0947<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The eight long-term thrust areas for financing<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0920 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0932-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"feat-grid\">\n <div class=\"feat-card\">a<\/span>Universal ECCE<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 ECCE<\/span><\/strong>Universal provisioning of quality early childhood care education<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">b<\/span>Foundational literacy and numeracy<\/span>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong>Ensuring FLN for all \u2014 the Policy's most urgent, time-bound goal.<\/span>\u0938\u092c\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f FLN \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u2014 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c, \u0938\u092e\u092f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">c<\/span>School complexes<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932<\/span><\/strong>Providing adequate and appropriate resourcing of school complexes and clusters<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">d<\/span>Food and nutrition<\/span>\u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/strong>Providing breakfast and midday meals<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0903\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">e<\/span>Teacher development<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/strong>Investing in teacher education and the continuing professional development of teachers<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">f<\/span>Colleges and universities<\/span>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/strong>Revamping colleges and universities<\/strong> to foster excellence.<\/span>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0920\u0928<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">g<\/span>Research<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/strong>Cultivating research<\/strong> \u2014 principally through the National Research Foundation.<\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u2014 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"feat-card\">h<\/span>Technology<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/span><\/strong>Extensive use of technology and online education<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udccc Money is not only about quantity \u2014 the efficiency argument<\/span>\ud83d\udccc \u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u2014 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915<\/span><\/div>\n The Policy makes a point that is easy to overlook: even the low level of funding on education in India is frequently not spent in a timely manner at the District or institution level<\/strong>, hampering the achievement of the intended targets of those funds. Hence the need is to increase efficiency in the use of the available budget<\/strong>. Financial governance will focus on the smooth, timely and appropriate flow of funds, and their usage with probity<\/strong>. The provisions of GFR, PFMS and 'Just in Time' release<\/strong> to implementing agencies will be followed, so that the disbursal mechanism does not lead to a high volume of unspent balances<\/strong>.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u091b\u0942\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0903 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u092f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e<\/strong>, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u0940\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u092c\u091c\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e, \u0938\u092e\u092f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0908\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928-\u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b GFR, PFMS \u090f\u0935\u0902 '\u091c\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0907\u0928 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e' \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0917\u092e\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923-\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u0947\u0937<\/strong> \u0928 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n5-3\">\n 5.3<\/span>\n <h3>Implementation<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"callout\">\n <div class=\"callout-label\">\ud83d\udcd8 The opening claim<\/span>\ud83d\udcd8 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0925\u0928<\/span><\/div>\n Any policy's effectiveness depends on its implementation.<\/strong> Such implementation will require multiple initiatives and actions, which will have to be taken by multiple bodies in a synchronized and systematic manner<\/strong> \u2014 including the Ministry, CABE, Union and State Governments, education-related Ministries, State Departments of Education, Boards, NTA, the regulatory bodies of school and higher education, NCERT, SCERTs, schools and HEIs.<\/span>\n \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong> \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e<\/strong> \u2014 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f, CABE, \u0938\u0902\u0918 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917, \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921, NTA, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f, NCERT, SCERT, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 HEI \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>The seven principles of implementation<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/span><\/h4>\n <div class=\"flow-wrap\">\n <div class=\"flow-note\">\n \ud83d\udccb These are given in the Policy as an ordered list \u2014 first, second, third<\/em> \u2014 and the order itself carries meaning. Learn them in sequence.<\/span>\n \ud83d\udccb \u092f\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e, \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f, \u0924\u0943\u0924\u0940\u092f<\/em> \u2014 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-steps\">\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 1<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Spirit and intent<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/strong>\n Implementation of the spirit and intent of the Policy will be the most critical matter<\/strong> \u2014 more critical than mechanical compliance with its letter.<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u2014 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0936\u0903 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 2<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Phased implementation<\/span>\u091a\u0930\u0923\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/strong>\n It is important to implement the policy initiatives in a phased manner<\/strong>, as each policy point has several steps, each of which requires the previous step to be implemented successfully<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u0930\u0923\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928<\/strong> \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 3<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Prioritization<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/strong>\n Prioritization will be important in ensuring optimal sequencing of policy points<\/strong>, and that the most critical and urgent actions are taken up first<\/strong>, thereby enabling a strong base.<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 4<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Comprehensiveness<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong>\n As this Policy is interconnected and holistic, only a full-fledged implementation, and not a piecemeal one, will ensure that the desired objectives are achieved<\/strong>.<\/span>\u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930-\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u2014 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u2014 \u0905\u092d\u0940\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 5<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Centre\u2013State collaboration<\/span>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930-\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/span><\/strong>\n Since education is a concurrent subject<\/strong>, it will need careful planning, joint monitoring and collaborative implementation between the Centre and States<\/strong>.<\/span>\u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928, \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928<\/strong> \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 6<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Timely resources<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u092f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/span><\/strong>\n Timely infusion of requisite resources \u2014 human, infrastructural and financial \u2014 at the Central and State levels<\/strong> will be crucial for the satisfactory execution of the Policy.<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u2014 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935, \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u2014 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"flow-step\">\n 7<\/span>\n <div class=\"fs-body\">\n Analysis of linkages<\/span>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/strong>\n Careful analysis and review of the linkages between multiple parallel implementation steps<\/strong> will be necessary to ensure effective dovetailing of all initiatives \u2014 including early investment in specific actions, such as setting up ECCE infrastructure<\/strong>, that are imperative to a strong base.<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928-\u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u2014 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 ECCE \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"kv-block\">\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Committees<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/span>Subject-wise implementation committees of experts<\/strong>, in cooperation and consultation with other relevant Ministries, will be set up at both the Central and State levels<\/strong> to develop detailed implementation plans for each aspect of the Policy.<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928-\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0938\u0947, \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Review<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/span>Yearly joint reviews<\/strong> of the progress of implementation, in accordance with the targets set for each action, will be conducted by designated teams constituted by the Ministry and the States<\/strong>, and reviews will be shared with CABE<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0932\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 CABE \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"kv-row\">Horizon<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924\u093f\u091c<\/span><\/span>In the decade of 2030\u201340, the entire Policy will be in an operational mode<\/strong>, following which another comprehensive review will be undertaken<\/strong>.<\/span>2030\u201340 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928-\u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0924\u094d \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"exam-tip\">\n <div class=\"et-icon\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/div>\n <div class=\"et-body\">\n The criticism this section invites, and the honest answer.<\/strong> The most common critique of NEP 2020 is that it is ambitious in vision but silent on enforceability<\/strong> \u2014 education being a concurrent subject, the Centre can recommend but not compel, and the 6% of GDP target has now been restated across three policies over five decades without being met. A balanced answer acknowledges this: the Policy's own principles concede the difficulty by placing Centre\u2013State collaboration<\/strong> and timely infusion of resources<\/strong> among the seven implementation principles. The Policy is a statement of direction backed by institutional design<\/strong>, not a statute \u2014 and its success therefore depends on sustained political and financial commitment over the 2030\u201340 decade.<\/span>\n \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0906\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0908\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0964<\/strong> NEP 2020 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u094c\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u0924\u0925\u093e GDP \u0915\u0947 6% \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0926\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930-\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928-\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e-\u0915\u0925\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u2014 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e 2030\u201340 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/section>\n\n\n \n <section class=\"chapter-content\" data-chap=\"6\">\n\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\">\n QUICK REVISION<\/span>\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/span>\n <h2>\n Numbers, Deadlines, Bodies and Abbreviations<\/span>\n \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930<\/span>\n <\/h2>\n <\/div>\n\n \n Everything in this chapter appears in its proper context in Parts I to IV. It is collected here for the last revision before an examination, when what is needed is not explanation but recall.<\/span>\n \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0917 I \u0938\u0947 IV \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906 \u091a\u0941\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0938\u094d\u092e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n6-1\">\n 6.1<\/span>\n <h3>Every Number and Target<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <h4>A. School education<\/span>\u0915. \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/h4>\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Figure<\/span>\u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What it refers to<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <th class=\"narrow\">\u00a7<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">85%<\/strong><\/td><td>Of a child's cumulative brain development occurs prior to age 6<\/strong> \u2014 the basis of ECCE<\/span>\u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u092f\u0940 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0906\u092f\u0941 6 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935<\/strong> \u2014 ECCE \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.1<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">5+3+3+4<\/strong><\/td><td>The new curricular structure, covering ages 3\u201318<\/strong>, replacing 10+2 which covered ages 6\u201318<\/span>\u0928\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u0906\u092f\u0941 3\u201318<\/strong>, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u092f\u0941 6\u201318 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 10+2 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">1.4<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">5 crore<\/strong><\/td><td>Children in elementary school who have not attained foundational literacy and numeracy<\/strong><\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0940<\/strong><\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.2<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">30:1 \/ 25:1<\/strong><\/td><td>Pupil\u2013teacher ratio at every school; the stricter 25:1 where there are large numbers of disadvantaged students<\/strong><\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924; \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 25:1<\/strong><\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.2<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">90.9 \/ 79.3 \/ 56.5<\/strong><\/td><td>GER percentages for Grades 6\u20138, 9\u201310 and 11\u201312<\/strong> respectively (2017\u201318)<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u0903 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 6\u20138, 9\u201310 \u090f\u0935\u0902 11\u201312<\/strong> \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 GER \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 (2017\u201318)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.3<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">3.22 crore<\/strong><\/td><td>Children out of school<\/strong>, as per U-DISE 2015\u201316<\/span>U-DISE 2015\u201316 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930<\/strong> \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.3<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">100%<\/strong><\/td><td>Target GER from pre-school to secondary level, by 2030<\/strong><\/span>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0924\u0915 2030 \u0924\u0915<\/strong> \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f GER<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.3<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">10 days<\/strong><\/td><td>The bagless period<\/strong> in Grades 6\u20138, interning with local vocational experts<\/span>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 6\u20138 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e-\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f<\/strong>, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.4<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">3, 5, 8<\/strong><\/td><td>The census examination grades<\/strong> conducted by the appropriate authority<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0928\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e-\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.5<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">2<\/strong><\/td><td>Occasions per year on which a student may take Board exams<\/strong> \u2014 one main and one for improvement<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.5<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">50 hours<\/strong><\/td><td>Minimum continuous professional development per teacher, per year<\/strong><\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong> \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.6<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">5\u201310 km<\/strong><\/td><td>The radius within which schools are grouped into a school complex<\/strong><\/span>\u0935\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0927\u093f \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.8<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <h4>B. Higher education and beyond<\/span>\u0916. \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0917\u0947<\/span><\/h4>\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Figure<\/span>\u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What it refers to<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <th class=\"narrow\">\u00a7<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">26.3% \u2192 50%<\/strong><\/td><td>Higher education GER, from 2018 to the 2035 target<\/strong>, including vocational education<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e GER, 2018 \u0938\u0947 2035 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0915<\/strong>, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.2<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">3,000+<\/strong><\/td><td>Students each multidisciplinary HEI will aim to have<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 HEI \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0917\u093e<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.2<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">15 years<\/strong><\/td><td>The period over which the affiliated college system will be phased out<\/strong><\/span>\u0935\u0939 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.2<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">1 \/ 2 \/ 3 \/ 4<\/strong><\/td><td>Years for certificate \/ diploma \/ Bachelor's \/ Bachelor's with Research<\/strong> under multiple exit<\/span>\u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 \/ \u0921\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u093e \/ \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \/ \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915<\/strong> \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.3<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">64<\/strong><\/td><td>The kalaas or arts<\/strong> described in Banabhatta's Kadambari as constituting a good education<\/span>\u092c\u093e\u0923\u092d\u091f\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0926\u0902\u092c\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 64 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u091c\u094b \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.3<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">10,000+<\/strong><\/td><td>Stand-alone Teacher Education Institutions not attempting serious teacher education<\/strong><\/span>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u094b \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947<\/strong><\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.7<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">50%<\/strong><\/td><td>Learners to have exposure to vocational education by 2025<\/strong><\/span>2025 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.8<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">52 \/ 75 \/ 96%<\/strong><\/td><td>Workforce with vocational education in the USA, Germany and South Korea<\/strong> \u2014 against India's very small percentage<\/span>\u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092c\u0932 \u2014 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u093c\u093e\u092c\u0932\u0947<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.8<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">0.69%<\/strong><\/td><td>India's research and innovation spend as a share of GDP<\/strong> \u2014 against 2.8% (USA), 4.3% (Israel), 4.2% (South Korea)<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e GDP \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0936<\/strong> \u2014 2.8% (\u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e), 4.3% (\u0907\u091c\u093c\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0932), 4.2% (\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u093c\u093e\u092c\u0932\u0947<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.9<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">9% \/ 1%<\/strong><\/td><td>Agricultural universities as a share of all universities, against under 1% of total enrolment<\/strong><\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0936, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u093e 1% \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e<\/strong><\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">4.1<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">220 \/ 197 \/ 22<\/strong><\/td><td>Languages lost in 50 years<\/strong> \/ declared endangered by UNESCO<\/strong> \/ listed in the Eighth Schedule<\/strong><\/span>50 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \/ UNESCO \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \/ \u0906\u0920\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">4.3<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">100<\/strong><\/td><td>Tourist destinations to be identified under Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat<\/strong><\/span>\u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u091f\u0928-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">4.3<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr style=\"background:#fff9ef;\"><td class=\"narrow\">4.43% \u2192 6%<\/strong><\/td><td>Public expenditure on education as a share of GDP \u2014 current against the target set in 1968<\/strong>. Education receives about 10% of total government spending<\/strong>.<\/span>GDP \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0936 \u2014 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e 1968 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/strong>\u0964 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 10%<\/strong> \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">5.2<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n6-2\">\n 6.2<\/span>\n <h3>The Timeline of Deadlines<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Year<\/span>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/span><\/th>\n <th>What is to be achieved<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">2020<\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>Policy approved on 29 July 2020<\/strong> by the Union Cabinet.<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f 29 \u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908 2020<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>MHRD re-designated as the Ministry of Education (MoE)<\/strong>.<\/span>MHRD \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f (MoE)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">2022<\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>National Professional Standards for Teachers (NPST)<\/strong> to be developed by NCTE.<\/span>NCTE \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 (NPST)<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>Transformation of the assessment system<\/strong> to be in place by the 2022\u201323 academic session<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 2022\u201323 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0924\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr style=\"background:#fff9ef;\">\n <td class=\"narrow\">2025<\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>Universal foundational literacy and numeracy \u2014 every student by Grade 3.<\/strong> The Policy's single most urgent target.<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 3 \u0924\u0915\u0964<\/strong> \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>At least 50% of learners to have exposure to vocational education<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e 50% \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>States to address the small-school problem by grouping or rationalizing schools<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u0928 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">2030<\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>Universal provisioning of quality ECCE<\/strong>, so that all children entering Grade 1 are school-ready.<\/span>\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 ECCE \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/strong>, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 1 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f-\u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941-\u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>100% Gross Enrolment Ratio from pre-school to secondary level.<\/strong><\/span>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0924\u0915 100% \u0938\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n <li>The 4-year integrated B.Ed. becomes the minimum degree qualification for teaching<\/strong>; teacher education moves into multidisciplinary institutions; only sound TEIs remain<\/strong>.<\/span>4-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092c\u0940.\u090f\u0921. \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c TEI \u0936\u0947\u0937<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>At least one large multidisciplinary HEI in or near every district<\/strong>; professional and general education institutions merge organically<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 HEI<\/strong>; \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0947<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>SDG 4 target year \u2014 inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning for all<\/strong>.<\/span>SDG 4 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u2014 \u0938\u092c\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0906\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">2035<\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>Higher education GER to reach 50%<\/strong>, including vocational education.<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e GER 50% \u0924\u0915<\/strong>, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>All HEIs to be governed by an independent Board of Governors<\/strong>; affiliation phased out.<\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 HEI \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924; \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">2040<\/strong><\/td>\n <td><ul class=\"cell-list\">\n <li>All HEIs to become multidisciplinary institutions<\/strong> with large student enrolments.<\/span>\u0938\u092d\u0940 HEI \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <li>India to have an education system second to none<\/strong>, with equitable access for all learners regardless of social or economic background.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0928 \u0939\u094b<\/strong>, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"narrow\">2030\u201340<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>The decade in which the entire Policy will be in operational mode<\/strong>, following which another comprehensive review will be undertaken<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0935\u0939 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928-\u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0924\u094d \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n6-3\">\n 6.3<\/span>\n <h3>New Bodies and Frameworks Created by the Policy<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0943\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u090f \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n Twenty-five bodies and frameworks are proposed. The examination question is almost always either \"expand the abbreviation and state its function\"<\/strong> or \"which body is responsible for X\"<\/strong>, so both are given below.<\/span>\n \u092a\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0940\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0903 \u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \"\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0907\u090f\"<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \"X \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u0948\"<\/strong>, \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <table class=\"data-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th class=\"narrow\">Body<\/span>\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/th>\n <th>Full form and function<\/span>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/th>\n <th class=\"narrow\">\u00a7<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">PARAKH<\/strong><\/td><td>National Assessment Centre<\/strong> \u2014 Sets norms, standards and guidelines for student assessment for all recognized school boards; guides the State Achievement Survey and undertakes the National Achievement Survey.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.5<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">SSSA<\/strong><\/td><td>State School Standards Authority<\/strong> \u2014 An independent State-wide body setting minimal standards that all schools \u2014 public and private \u2014 must follow, regulating through public self-disclosure rather than inspection.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u091c\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u2014 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u2014 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.9<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">DSE<\/strong><\/td><td>Directorate of School Education<\/strong> \u2014 Handles the running of the public schooling system \u2014 service provision separated from regulation and policy-making.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.9<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NCPFECCE<\/strong><\/td><td>National Curricular and Pedagogical Framework for ECCE<\/strong> \u2014 To be developed by NCERT in two parts \u2014 for children up to age 3, and for ages 3 to 8. Serves as a guide for parents as well as institutions.<\/span>ECCE \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> \u2014 NCERT \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u2014 3 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0924\u0925\u093e 3 \u0938\u0947 8 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.1<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NCFSE<\/strong><\/td><td>National Curriculum Framework for School Education<\/strong> \u2014 To be developed by NCERT and revisited once every 5\u201310 years.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> \u2014 NCERT \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 5\u201310 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.4<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NCFTE<\/strong><\/td><td>National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education<\/strong> \u2014 To be formulated by NCTE in consultation with NCERT, based on the principles of this Policy.<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> \u2014 \u0907\u0938 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, NCTE \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e NCERT \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.7<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NPST<\/strong><\/td><td>National Professional Standards for Teachers<\/strong> \u2014 A common guiding set of standards covering role expectations, required competencies and performance appraisal at each stage. To be reviewed in 2030.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915<\/strong> \u2014 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091a\u092f, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e-\u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928-\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924\u0964 2030 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.6<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NMM<\/strong><\/td><td>National Mission for Mentoring<\/strong> \u2014 A large pool of outstanding senior and retired faculty to provide short and long-term mentoring to university and college teachers.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u2014 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0935\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u093e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.7<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NTP<\/strong><\/td><td>National Tutors Programme<\/strong> \u2014 The best performers in each school become part-time tutors for their own school, for a few hours a week.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u0938\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0918\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0936\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.2<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">RIAP<\/strong><\/td><td>Remedial Instructional Aides Programme<\/strong> \u2014 Instructors from the local community, especially women, to support students who have fallen behind, ideally in the mother tongue.<\/span>\u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0938\u0947, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0924\u0903 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u0943\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.2<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">HECI<\/strong><\/td><td>Higher Education Commission of India<\/strong> \u2014 The single umbrella body for all higher education excluding medical and legal education, operating through four independent verticals.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u2014 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u090f\u0915\u0932 \u091b\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f, \u091c\u094b \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.10<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NHERC<\/strong><\/td><td>National Higher Education Regulatory Council<\/strong> \u2014 The regulation vertical of HECI \u2014 the single point regulator, working through public self-disclosure rather than inspection.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u2014 HECI \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u2014 \u090f\u0915\u0932-\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.10<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NAC<\/strong><\/td><td>National Accreditation Council<\/strong> \u2014 The accreditation vertical \u2014 a meta-accrediting body. Accreditation is the primary means of regulating institutions and the basis of graded autonomy.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u2014 \u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.10<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">HEGC<\/strong><\/td><td>Higher Education Grants Council<\/strong> \u2014 The funding vertical \u2014 funds institutions on transparent criteria based on their Institutional Development Plans.<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u2014 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u2014 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.10<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">GEC<\/strong><\/td><td>General Education Council<\/strong> \u2014 The academic standards vertical \u2014 frames expected learning outcomes or graduate attributes, and formulates the NHEQF. Professional councils act as PSSBs under it.<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/strong> \u2014 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u2014 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915-\u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e NHEQF \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 PSSB \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.10<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NRF<\/strong><\/td><td>National Research Foundation<\/strong> \u2014 Funds competitive peer-reviewed research across four initial divisions \u2014 sciences, technology, social sciences, and arts and humanities. Governed independently of government.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u2014 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u2014 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c-\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u2014 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940-\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923\u0964 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.9<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">MERU<\/strong><\/td><td>Multidisciplinary Education and Research University<\/strong> \u2014 Model public universities at par with IITs and IIMs, aiming at the highest global standards and setting the benchmark for multidisciplinary education.<\/span>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong> \u2014 IIT \u090f\u0935\u0902 IIM \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u092e \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.2<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">ABC<\/strong><\/td><td>Academic Bank of Credit<\/strong> \u2014 Digitally stores academic credits earned from various recognized HEIs, so that degrees can be awarded taking earned credits into account. What makes multiple entry and exit workable.<\/span>\u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915<\/strong> \u2014 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 HEI \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0938\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.3<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NHEQF<\/strong><\/td><td>National Higher Education Qualification Framework<\/strong> \u2014 Formulated by the GEC, in sync with the NSQF, to ease integration of vocational education into higher education.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> \u2014 GEC \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e, NSQF \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.3<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NCIVE<\/strong><\/td><td>National Committee for the Integration of Vocational Education<\/strong> \u2014 Experts in vocational education and representatives from across Ministries, to oversee the integration of vocational education.<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u2014 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">3.8<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">IITI<\/strong><\/td><td>Indian Institute of Translation and Interpretation<\/strong> \u2014 To make high-quality learning and other material available in various Indian and foreign languages, employing multilingual language and subject experts.<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091a\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u2014 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">4.3<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">NETF<\/strong><\/td><td>National Educational Technology Forum<\/strong> \u2014 An autonomous body providing a platform for free exchange of ideas on using technology to enhance learning, assessment, planning and administration.<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u091a<\/strong> \u2014 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e, \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928, \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0902\u091a \u0926\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">4.4<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">SEZ<\/strong><\/td><td>Special Education Zone<\/strong> \u2014 Regions with large populations from educationally disadvantaged SEDGs, where all schemes and policies are implemented through additional concerted effort.<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u2014 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 SEDG \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">2.7<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"narrow\">AEC<\/strong><\/td><td>Adult Education Centre<\/strong> \u2014 May be housed within school complexes, HEIs and vocational training centres, using school infrastructure after hours.<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u2014 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932\u094b\u0902, HEI \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f-\u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/td><td class=\"narrow\">4.2<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <hr class=\"section-divider\">\n\n \n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"n6-4\">\n 6.4<\/span>\n <h3>Abbreviations Used in the Policy<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n \n The Policy carries its own list of abbreviations; this is that list, alphabetically ordered, with Hindi equivalents. Each is also expanded where it first appears in Parts I to IV.<\/span>\n \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930-\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0917 I \u0938\u0947 IV \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>\n <\/p>\n\n <div class=\"abbr-grid\">\n <div>\n <table>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>Abbr.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a<\/span><\/th>\n <th>Full form<\/span>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">ABC<\/td><td>Academic Bank of Credit<\/span>\u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">AEC<\/td><td>Adult Education Centre<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0922\u093c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">AI<\/td><td>Artificial Intelligence<\/span>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">AYUSH<\/td><td>Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy<\/span>\u0906\u092f\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926, \u092f\u094b\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e, \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u092e\u094d\u092f\u094b\u092a\u0948\u0925\u0940<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">B.Ed.<\/td><td>Bachelor of Education<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">B.Voc<\/td><td>Bachelor of Vocational Education<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">BEO<\/td><td>Block Education Officer<\/span>\u0916\u0902\u0921 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">BITE<\/td><td>Block Institute of Teacher Education<\/span>\u0916\u0902\u0921 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">BoA<\/td><td>Board of Assessment<\/span>\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">BoG<\/td><td>Board of Governors<\/span>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">BRC<\/td><td>Block Resource Centre<\/span>\u0916\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">CABE<\/td><td>Central Advisory Board of Education<\/span>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">CBCS<\/td><td>Choice Based Credit System<\/span>\u091a\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938 \u092c\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">CBSE<\/td><td>Central Board of Secondary Education<\/span>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">CIET<\/td><td>Central Institute of Educational Technology<\/span>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">CMP<\/td><td>Career Management and Progression<\/span>\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">CPD<\/td><td>Continuous Professional Development<\/span>\u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">CRC<\/td><td>Cluster Resource Centre<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">CWSN<\/td><td>Children With Special Needs<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">DEO<\/td><td>District Education Officer<\/span>\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">DIET<\/td><td>District Institute of Education and Training<\/span>\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">DIKSHA<\/td><td>Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing<\/span>\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">DSE<\/td><td>Directorate of School Education<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">ECCE<\/td><td>Early Childhood Care and Education<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">EEC<\/td><td>Eminent Expert Committee<\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">GCED<\/td><td>Global Citizenship Education<\/span>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">GDP<\/td><td>Gross Domestic Product<\/span>\u0938\u0915\u0932 \u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">GEC<\/td><td>General Education Council<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">GER<\/td><td>Gross Enrolment Ratio<\/span>\u0938\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">GFR<\/td><td>General Financial Rule<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">HECI<\/td><td>Higher Education Commission of India<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">HEGC<\/td><td>Higher Education Grants Council<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">HEI<\/td><td>Higher Education Institution<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">ICT<\/td><td>Information and Communication Technology<\/span>\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">IDP<\/td><td>Institutional Development Plan<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">IGNOU<\/td><td>Indira Gandhi National Open University<\/span>\u0907\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">IITI<\/td><td>Indian Institute of Translation and Interpretation<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091a\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">ISL<\/td><td>Indian Sign Language<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">ITI<\/td><td>Industrial Training Institute<\/span>\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">M.Ed.<\/td><td>Master of Education<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">MERU<\/td><td>Multidisciplinary Education and Research University<\/span>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">MHRD<\/td><td>Ministry of Human Resource Development<\/span>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">MoE<\/td><td>Ministry of Education<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">MOOC<\/td><td>Massive Open Online Course<\/span>\u0935\u0943\u0939\u0924\u094d \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NAC<\/td><td>National Accreditation Council<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NAS<\/td><td>National Achievement Survey<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <table>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>Abbr.<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a<\/span><\/th>\n <th>Full form<\/span>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a<\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NCC<\/td><td>National Cadet Corps<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0948\u0921\u0947\u091f \u0915\u094b\u0930<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NCERT<\/td><td>National Council of Educational Research and Training<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NCF<\/td><td>National Curriculum Framework<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NCFSE<\/td><td>National Curriculum Framework for School Education<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NCFTE<\/td><td>National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NCIVE<\/td><td>National Committee for the Integration of Vocational Education<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NCPFECCE<\/td><td>National Curricular and Pedagogical Framework for ECCE<\/span>ECCE \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NCTE<\/td><td>National Council for Teacher Education<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NCVET<\/td><td>National Council for Vocational Education and Training<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NETF<\/td><td>National Educational Technology Forum<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u091a<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NHEQF<\/td><td>National Higher Education Qualifications Framework<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NHERC<\/td><td>National Higher Education Regulatory Council<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NIOS<\/td><td>National Institute of Open Schooling<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NPE<\/td><td>National Policy on Education<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NPST<\/td><td>National Professional Standards for Teachers<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NRF<\/td><td>National Research Foundation<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NSQF<\/td><td>National Skills Qualifications Framework<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">NTA<\/td><td>National Testing Agency<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">ODL<\/td><td>Open and Distance Learning<\/span>\u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">PARAKH<\/td><td>Performance Assessment, Review and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development<\/span>\u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928-\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928, \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">PFMS<\/td><td>Public Financial Management System<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">PSSB<\/td><td>Professional Standard Setting Body<\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">PTR<\/td><td>Pupil Teacher Ratio<\/span>\u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">RCI<\/td><td>Rehabilitation Council of India<\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">RPwD<\/td><td>Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Act, 2016)<\/span>\u0926\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0917\u091c\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 (\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 2016)<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SAS<\/td><td>State Achievement Survey<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SCDP<\/td><td>School Complex\/Cluster Development Plan<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SCERT<\/td><td>State Council of Educational Research and Training<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926\u094d<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SCMC<\/td><td>School Complex Management Committee<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SDG<\/td><td>Sustainable Development Goal<\/span>\u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SDP<\/td><td>School Development Plan<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SEDG<\/td><td>Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Group<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SEZ<\/td><td>Special Education Zone<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SIOS<\/td><td>State Institute of Open Schooling<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SMC<\/td><td>School Management Committee<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SQAAF<\/td><td>School Quality Assessment and Accreditation Framework<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SSA<\/td><td>Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan<\/span>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SSSA<\/td><td>State School Standards Authority<\/span>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">STEM<\/td><td>Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">SWAYAM<\/td><td>Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds<\/span>\u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e \u092e\u0902\u091a<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">TEI<\/td><td>Teacher Education Institution<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">TET<\/td><td>Teacher Eligibility Test<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">U-DISE<\/td><td>Unified District Information System for Education<\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">UGC<\/td><td>University Grants Commission<\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td class=\"ab\">UNESCO<\/td><td>United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization<\/span>\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915, \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"recap-box\">\n The Policy in Six Sentences<\/span>\u091b\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/span>\n <ul class=\"split-list\">\n <li>1<\/span>NEP 2020<\/strong>, approved on 29 July 2020, is the first education policy of the 21st century<\/strong> and replaces NPE 1986 as modified in 1992.<\/span>NEP 2020<\/strong>, 29 \u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908 2020 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924, 21\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e 1992 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 NPE 1986 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>2<\/span>It restructures school education from 10+2 to 5+3+3+4<\/strong>, bringing children aged 3 to 6 inside the school system for the first time, on the ground that 85 per cent of brain development occurs before age 6<\/strong>.<\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b 10+2 \u0938\u0947 5+3+3+4<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u093e 3 \u0938\u0947 6 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f 85 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0906\u092f\u0941 6 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>3<\/span>Its most urgent single goal<\/strong> is universal foundational literacy and numeracy by Grade 3, by 2025<\/strong> \u2014 until which the rest of the Policy is, in its own words, largely irrelevant for those students.<\/span>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c \u090f\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 2025 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 3 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u2014 \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u092f\u0939 \u0928 \u0939\u094b, \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0928 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936\u0924\u0903 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>4<\/span>Assessment shifts from summative and rote-based to formative and competency-based<\/strong>, with a 360-degree holistic progress card<\/strong> and a new standard-setting body, PARAKH<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u091f\u0928\u0947-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 360-\u0905\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u092f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f PARAKH<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>5<\/span>Higher education moves towards large multidisciplinary institutions<\/strong> with a 4-year Bachelor's offering multiple exit<\/strong>, regulated by a single body, HECI<\/strong>, through four independent verticals \u2014 with the aim of raising GER to 50 per cent by 2035<\/strong>.<\/span>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e 4-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915<\/strong> \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u090f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f HECI<\/strong> \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947 \u2014 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 GER \u0915\u094b 2035 \u0924\u0915 50 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924<\/strong> \u0924\u0915 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <li>6<\/span>The Policy is to be financed by raising public expenditure to 6 per cent of GDP<\/strong> \u2014 a target first set in 1968<\/strong> and still unmet \u2014 and is to be fully operational in the decade 2030\u201340<\/strong>, after which it will be reviewed again.<\/span>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u094b GDP \u0915\u0947 6 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924<\/strong> \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u092f\u0939 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 1968<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u092f \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092f\u0939 2030\u201340 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <div class=\"recap-foot\">\n \ud83d\udccc Source: National Education Policy 2020, Ministry of Human Resource Development (now the Ministry of Education), Government of India.<\/span>\n \ud83d\udccc \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924: \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f 2020, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f (\u0905\u092c \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f), \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/section>\n\n <\/main>\n<\/div>\n\n<button class=\"to-top\" id=\"toTop\" aria-label=\"Back to top\">\u2191<\/button>\n\n<script>\n(function () {\n 'use strict';\n\n \/* \u2500\u2500 LANGUAGE TOGGLE \u2500\u2500 *\/\n var langToggle = document.getElementById('langToggle');\n var optEn = document.getElementById('optEn');\n var optHi = document.getElementById('optHi');\n\n function setLanguage(lang) {\n if (lang === 'hi') {\n document.body.classList.add('hindi-mode');\n optHi.classList.add('active');\n optEn.classList.remove('active');\n document.title = '\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f 2020 | \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 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