{"id":15769,"date":"2026-08-22T04:23:23","date_gmt":"2026-08-22T04:23:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/?page_id=15769"},"modified":"2026-08-22T04:30:21","modified_gmt":"2026-08-22T04:30:21","slug":"ssc-aso-mop","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/?page_id=15769","title":{"rendered":"ssc aso- mop"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"15769\" class=\"elementor elementor-15769\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a4e413 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8a4e413\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bf2347 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"5bf2347\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!--\n=====================================================================\nCSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com\nPYQ + CHAPTER-WISE AI TEST SERIES   \u2014   two banks on one page\n=====================================================================\n\nHOW THIS DIFFERS FROM THE PLAIN CHAPTER-WISE PAGE\n  Two banks sit side by side: previous year questions, and concept MCQs\n  written chapter by chapter. Both are drilled from the same screen and\n  scored separately, so you always know whether a chapter is weak on the\n  real paper or only on practice questions.\n\n  You do NOT rate chapters by hand here. Exam weight is COUNTED from the\n  PYQ bank: a chapter holding 79 of 168 previous year questions is 47% of\n  the paper, and the page says so and shows the count behind the figure.\n  Add a year of papers and every weight, priority and plan re-computes\n  on its own.\n\nSETTING UP A NEW SUBJECT \u2014 three edits, all at the top of the script\n  1. CFG.quizId   unique per page. Progress is stored under this key, so\n                  two subjects on the same site never mix. Change it.\n     CFG.topic    subject name for the header.\n     CFG.sourceUrl  page on your site carrying the full text; shown as a\n                  \"Read the source\" card. Blank switches it off.\n  2. pyqQuestions      every previous year question you have, each with\n                       its year. This bank decides the exam weights.\n  3. conceptQuestions  your chapter-wise practice bank.\n\n  Both use the usual schema:\n      { id, chapter, question, options[], correct, explanation }\n  PYQ entries take one extra field:  year: 2023\n  Chapter strings must be written the same way in both banks \u2014 matching\n  is loose (case, spacing and 'Ch \/ Chapter \/ CH-2' are all read alike),\n  but the chapter NUMBER has to agree.\n\nSTEM LAYOUT \u2014 nothing to mark up\n  Plain stems, numbered statement stems and List-I \/ List-II stems are\n  each laid out automatically, all inside the same sheet.\n\nRESETS\n  \"Reset session\"        clears only this sitting's answers.\n  \"Reset my performance\" wipes lifetime mastery, weak areas and flags.\n\n=====================================================================\n-->\n\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover\">\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Plus+Jakarta+Sans:wght@400;500;600;700;800&family=Newsreader:opsz,wght@6..72,400;6..72,500;6..72,600&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n\n<style>\n.cdrill{\n  --blue-900:#12246E; --blue-800:#1B3FCB; --blue-700:#2757E8; --blue-100:#EAF0FF; --blue-50:#F5F8FF;\n  --gold:#E8A317; --gold-lt:#F5C55B; --gold-bg:#FFF7E4;\n  --ink:#0F172A; --slate:#5B6B85; --line:#DFE6F3; --paper:#FFFFFF; --wash:#F4F7FD;\n  --ok:#0B8457; --ok-bg:#E7F7F0; --bad:#D3313E; --bad-bg:#FDEDEE; --warn:#C2620E;\n  --r:14px; --shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(16,32,74,.06),0 8px 24px -12px rgba(16,32,74,.18);\n  \/* \u2193 paste the same value your other pages use for --serif *\/\n  --serif:'Newsreader',Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;\n  font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',system-ui,sans-serif; font-size:15px; line-height:1.55;\n  color:var(--ink); background:var(--wash); -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;\n  border-radius:var(--r); overflow:hidden; box-shadow:var(--shadow);\n}\n.cdrill *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.cdrill button{font:inherit;cursor:pointer;border:0;background:none;color:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;\n  min-width:0;min-height:0;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none;\n  box-shadow:none;border-radius:0;text-align:inherit;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none}\n.cdrill input,.cdrill select{font:inherit}\n.cdrill h1,.cdrill h2,.cdrill h3,.cdrill h4,.cdrill h5,.cdrill p,.cdrill ol,.cdrill ul{margin:0}\n.cdrill .wrap{max-width:1120px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 20px}\n.cdrill .tnum{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\n.cdrill .hide{display:none !important}\n.cdrill ::selection{background:#CFE0FF;color:var(--ink)}\n.cdrill :focus-visible{outline:2.5px solid var(--gold);outline-offset:2px;border-radius:6px}\n@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.cdrill *{animation:none!important;transition:none!important}}\n@media print{.cdrill{display:none!important}}\n\n\/* ---------- hero ---------- *\/\n.cdrill .hero{background:linear-gradient(158deg,#3A5BCE 0%,#4468DC 55%,#5077E6 100%);\n  color:#fff;padding:26px 0 0;position:relative;overflow:hidden}\n.cdrill .hero::after{content:\"\";position:absolute;inset:auto -10% -65% 58%;height:200px;\n  background:radial-gradient(closest-side,rgba(245,197,91,.16),transparent 72%);pointer-events:none}\n.cdrill .eyebrow{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#FFE0A3;font-weight:800}\n.cdrill .hero h1,\n.cdrill header.hero h1{margin:6px 0 2px;font-size:clamp(19px,3.2vw,26px);font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.02em;\n  color:#FFFFFF !important;line-height:1.25;font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',system-ui,sans-serif}\n.cdrill .hero p{margin:0 0 16px;color:#DCE5FF;font-size:13.5px;max-width:64ch}\n.cdrill .hstats{display:flex;gap:9px;flex-wrap:wrap;position:relative;z-index:1}\n.cdrill .hstat{background:rgba(255,255,255,.13);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.24);border-radius:12px;\n  padding:9px 15px;min-width:92px}\n.cdrill .hstat b{display:block;font-size:20px;font-weight:800;color:#FFE0A3;letter-spacing:-.02em;line-height:1.15}\n.cdrill .hstat span{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#DCE5FF;font-weight:700}\n.cdrill .tabs{display:flex;gap:8px;margin-top:22px;position:relative;z-index:1}\n.cdrill .tab{position:relative;padding:12px 24px 13px;border-radius:12px 12px 0 0;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;\n  color:#E4EBFF;display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center;background:rgba(12,25,74,.22);\n  border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18);border-bottom:0;transition:.16s;top:0}\n.cdrill .tab:hover{color:#fff;background:rgba(12,25,74,.34);top:-2px}\n.cdrill .tab[aria-selected=true]{background:var(--paper);color:var(--blue-900);border-color:transparent;\n  top:0;padding-bottom:15px;margin-bottom:-2px;font-weight:800;\n  box-shadow:0 -3px 12px -4px rgba(9,20,66,.35)}\n.cdrill .tab[aria-selected=true]::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:14px;right:14px;top:0;height:3px;\n  border-radius:0 0 3px 3px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold),var(--gold-lt))}\n.cdrill .tab .pill{background:var(--gold);color:#3A2A02;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:800;padding:2px 7px;border-radius:99px}\n.cdrill .goldrule{height:4px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold),var(--gold-lt))}\n\n\/* ---------- filters ---------- *\/\n.cdrill .filters{background:var(--paper);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}\n.cdrill .filters .wrap{display:flex;gap:10px;padding-top:14px;padding-bottom:14px;overflow-x:auto;scrollbar-width:none}\n.cdrill .filters .wrap::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}\n.cdrill .pill-f{display:flex;flex:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 16px;border-radius:99px;\n  border:1.5px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);font-weight:600;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--slate);\n  white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\n.cdrill .pill-f:hover{border-color:#B9C8EC;color:var(--ink)}\n.cdrill .pill-f .n{font-size:11.5px;font-weight:800;background:var(--blue-100);color:var(--blue-800);padding:2px 8px;border-radius:99px}\n.cdrill .pill-f[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--blue-700);border-color:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\n.cdrill .pill-f[aria-pressed=true] .n{background:rgba(255,255,255,.2);color:#fff}\n.cdrill .pill-f.warn{border-color:#F3C2C6;color:var(--bad)}\n.cdrill .pill-f.warn .n{background:var(--bad);color:#fff}\n.cdrill .pill-f.warn[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--bad);border-color:var(--bad);color:#fff}\n.cdrill .pill-f.navy{border-color:#C3CFF0;color:var(--blue-900)}\n.cdrill .pill-f.navy .n{background:var(--blue-900);color:#fff}\n.cdrill .pill-f.navy[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--blue-900);border-color:var(--blue-900);color:#fff}\n.cdrill .pill-f.gold{border-color:#F2DFAE;color:#8A6206}\n.cdrill .pill-f.gold .n{background:var(--gold);color:#3A2A02}\n.cdrill .pill-f.gold[aria-pressed=true]{background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold));border-color:var(--gold);color:#3A2A02}\n\n\/* ---------- layout ---------- *\/\n.cdrill .grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 300px;gap:20px;padding:20px 0 60px}\n@media(max-width:960px){.cdrill .grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\n.cdrill .card{background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r);box-shadow:var(--shadow)}\n\n\/* ---------- toolbar \/ context ---------- *\/\n.cdrill .toolbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:0 0 16px}\n.cdrill .search{flex:1;min-width:190px;position:relative}\n.cdrill .search input{width:100%;padding:11px 15px 11px 38px;border:1.5px solid var(--line);border-radius:11px;background:var(--paper)}\n.cdrill .search svg{position:absolute;left:13px;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);width:16px;height:16px;color:var(--slate)}\n.cdrill .tgl{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:10px 15px;border:1.5px solid var(--line);border-radius:11px;\n  background:var(--paper);font-weight:600;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--slate);white-space:nowrap}\n.cdrill .tgl[aria-pressed=true]{border-color:var(--blue-700);background:var(--blue-50);color:var(--blue-800)}\n.cdrill .ctxbar{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;background:var(--paper);\n  border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--blue-700);border-radius:0 12px 12px 0;\n  padding:13px 18px;margin:0 0 16px;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}\n.cdrill .ctxlab{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800}\n.cdrill .ctxsel{flex:1;min-width:210px;max-width:560px;padding:9px 12px;border:1.5px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;\n  background:var(--paper);font-weight:700;font-size:14.5px;color:var(--ink);cursor:pointer}\n.cdrill .ctxmeta{font-size:12.5px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600;white-space:nowrap}\n\n\/* ---------- chapter chips ---------- *\/\n.cdrill .chapcard{margin:0 0 16px;overflow:hidden}\n.cdrill .chaphead{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:11px 18px;\n  background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--blue-50),#EDF3FF);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}\n.cdrill .chapcard{border-radius:var(--r)}\n.cdrill .chaplist{border-radius:0 0 var(--r) var(--r);overflow:hidden}\n.cdrill .chaphead b{font-size:13.5px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-800);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}\n.cdrill .chaphead i{font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600}\n.cdrill .chaphead .meta{margin-left:auto;font-size:12px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:700;white-space:nowrap}\n.cdrill .bankseg{display:inline-flex;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:9px;overflow:hidden;background:var(--paper)}\n.cdrill .bankseg button{padding:6px 13px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:800;color:var(--slate);\n  border-right:1px solid var(--line);transition:.14s;letter-spacing:.02em}\n.cdrill .bankseg button:last-child{border-right:0}\n.cdrill .bankseg button:hover{background:var(--blue-50);color:var(--blue-800)}\n.cdrill .bankseg button[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\n.cdrill .chaplist{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1px;padding:0;background:var(--line)}\n@media(min-width:900px){.cdrill .chaplist{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}}\n.cdrill .chapchip{display:grid;grid-template-columns:26px minmax(0,1fr) auto auto auto;align-items:center;gap:8px;\n  padding:10px 16px;border:0;background:var(--paper);text-align:left;transition:background .13s;width:100%}\n.cdrill .chapchip:hover{background:var(--blue-50)}\n.cdrill .chapchip .no{font-size:11px;font-weight:800;color:var(--slate);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\n.cdrill .chapchip .cn{font-size:12.6px;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:-.005em;\n  overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;text-transform:none}\n.cdrill .chapchip .cw{flex:none;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:800;background:var(--gold-bg);color:#8A6206;\n  border:1px solid #F2DFAE;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:99px;white-space:nowrap}\n.cdrill .chapchip .cc{flex:none;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:800;min-width:28px;padding:3px 7px;border-radius:6px;\n  text-align:center;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\n.cdrill .chapchip .cc.pyq{background:var(--blue-900);color:#fff}\n.cdrill .chapchip .cc.con{background:var(--blue-100);color:var(--blue-800)}\n.cdrill .chapchip[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--blue-50);box-shadow:inset 3px 0 0 var(--blue-700)}\n.cdrill .chapchip[aria-pressed=true] .cn{color:var(--blue-800);font-weight:700}\n.cdrill .chapchip[aria-pressed=true] .cc.con{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\n.cdrill .chapchip .done{flex:none;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:800;color:var(--ok)}\n\n\/* ---------- question ---------- *\/\n.cdrill .qhead{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;\n  background:linear-gradient(135deg,#F1F5FB 0%,#E4ECFB 100%);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\n  border-radius:var(--r) var(--r) 0 0;padding:13px 20px}\n.cdrill .qcount{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:600;color:var(--blue-900);font-size:16.3px;letter-spacing:0}\n.cdrill .qmeta{display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap}\n.cdrill .badge-src{font-weight:800;font-size:11.5px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:99px;white-space:nowrap;\n  letter-spacing:.03em}\n.cdrill .badge-src.pyq{background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--blue-900),var(--blue-800));color:#fff}\n.cdrill .badge-src.con{background:var(--blue-100);color:var(--blue-800);border:1px solid #CBD8F6}\n.cdrill .badge-ch{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold));\n  color:#3A2A02;font-weight:800;font-size:12px;padding:6px 13px;border-radius:99px;max-width:340px}\n.cdrill .badge-ch span{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}\n.cdrill .badge-w{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;border:1.5px solid var(--gold-lt);color:#8A6206;\n  background:var(--gold-bg);font-weight:700;font-size:12px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:99px}\n.cdrill .badge-m{font-weight:700;font-size:12px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--blue-100);color:var(--blue-800)}\n.cdrill .qtags{display:flex;gap:6px;flex-wrap:wrap}\n.cdrill .qtag{font-weight:800;font-size:11.5px;padding:5px 11px;border-radius:99px;white-space:nowrap}\n.cdrill .qtag.weak{background:var(--bad-bg);color:var(--bad);border:1px solid #F3C2C6}\n.cdrill .qtag.flag{background:var(--gold-bg);color:#8A6206;border:1px solid #F2DFAE}\n.cdrill .qtag.done{background:var(--ok-bg);color:var(--ok);border:1px solid #A9DEC6}\n.cdrill .badge-m.weak{background:var(--bad-bg);color:var(--bad)}\n.cdrill .qbody{padding:22px}\n.cdrill .stem{font-family:var(--serif) !important;font-size:18.5px !important;line-height:1.7;\n  font-weight:600;margin:0 0 18px;color:#161b26;text-align:justify;hyphens:auto;-webkit-hyphens:auto}\n.cdrill .stem b{font-weight:700}\n.cdrill .qno{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:700;color:#8A6206;margin-right:7px;\n  hyphens:none;-webkit-hyphens:none}\n.cdrill .qsheet{background:#fffef9;border:1px solid #e9e3d2;border-left:4px solid var(--gold);\n  border-radius:12px;padding:20px 22px;margin:0 0 18px}\n.cdrill .qsheet .lead,\n.cdrill .qsheet .intro,\n.cdrill .qsheet .close{font-family:var(--serif) !important;font-size:18.5px !important;line-height:1.7;\n  font-weight:600;color:#161b26;text-align:justify;hyphens:auto;-webkit-hyphens:auto}\n.cdrill .qsheet .intro{margin:16px 0 0}\n.cdrill .qsheet .close{margin:16px 0 0;text-align:left;hyphens:none;-webkit-hyphens:none}\n.cdrill .stmts{list-style:none;counter-reset:s;margin:4px 0 0;padding:0;display:block}\n.cdrill .stmts li{counter-increment:s;display:grid;grid-template-columns:30px 1fr;gap:4px;align-items:baseline;\n  font-family:var(--serif) !important;font-size:18.5px !important;font-weight:600;line-height:1.65;color:#161b26;\n  margin:12px 0 0 14px;text-align:justify;hyphens:auto;-webkit-hyphens:auto}\n.cdrill .stmts li::before{content:counter(s) \".\";font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:600;font-size:18.5px;color:#161b26}\n.cdrill .lists{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:34px;margin:18px 0 0}\n@media(max-width:760px){.cdrill .lists{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:22px}}\n.cdrill .lcol h5{margin:0 0 10px;padding:0 0 9px;border-bottom:1px solid #DCD3BE;font-size:12px;font-weight:800;color:var(--ink)}\n.cdrill .lcol ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:grid;gap:12px}\n.cdrill .lcol li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:28px 1fr;align-items:baseline;\n  font-family:var(--serif) !important;font-size:17.5px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6;color:#161b26}\n.cdrill .lcol li b{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:600;font-size:17.3px;color:#8A6206}\n\n\/* options as bordered cards, matching the other pages *\/\n.cdrill .opts{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:9px}\n.cdrill .opt{font-family:var(--serif) !important;padding:12px 16px;border:1.5px solid var(--line);\n  border-radius:12px;cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:12px;transition:all .25s;\n  background:#fff;text-align:left;width:100%;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}\n.cdrill .opt .txt{font-family:var(--serif) !important;font-size:18.5px !important;line-height:1.6;\n  color:#161b26;flex:1;min-width:0}\n.cdrill .opt:hover:not(:disabled){border-color:#5F86F0;background:#F6F9FF;transform:translateX(4px)}\n.cdrill .opt:disabled{cursor:default;opacity:1;transform:none}\n.cdrill .key{min-width:34px;font-family:var(--serif) !important;font-weight:600;font-size:17.3px !important;\n  color:#161b26;flex-shrink:0;line-height:1.6}\n.cdrill .opt.sel{border-color:var(--blue-700);background:#EFF5FF;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--blue-700)}\n.cdrill .opt.sel::after{content:\"Selected\";font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',sans-serif;font-weight:800;\n  font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-800);align-self:center;white-space:nowrap}\n.cdrill .opt.right{border-color:var(--ok);background:#F0FDF6;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--ok)}\n.cdrill .opt.right .key{color:#086945}\n.cdrill .opt.wrong{border-color:var(--bad);background:#FEF4F4;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--bad)}\n.cdrill .opt.wrong .key{color:#A81F2B}\n.cdrill .mark{margin-left:auto;font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:10.5px;\n  letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;white-space:nowrap;align-self:center}\n.cdrill .mark.r{color:var(--ok)} .cdrill .mark.w{color:var(--bad)}\n@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.cdrill .opt:hover:not(:disabled){transform:none}}\n.cdrill .hint{margin:12px 0 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:600;color:#8A6206;background:var(--gold-bg);\n  border:1px solid #F2DFAE;border-radius:10px;padding:10px 14px}\n.cdrill .actions{display:flex;gap:9px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:18px;align-items:center}\n.cdrill .btn{padding:11px 20px;border-radius:11px;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff;transition:.15s}\n.cdrill .btn:hover{background:var(--blue-800)}\n.cdrill .btn:disabled{opacity:.4;cursor:not-allowed}\n.cdrill .btn.ghost{background:var(--paper);border:1.5px solid var(--line);color:var(--ink)}\n.cdrill .btn.ghost:hover{border-color:var(--blue-700);color:var(--blue-800);background:var(--blue-50)}\n.cdrill .flagbtn{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;padding:11px 18px;border-radius:11px;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;\n  border:1.5px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);color:var(--slate);margin-left:auto;transition:.15s}\n.cdrill .flagbtn:hover{border-color:var(--gold);color:#8A6206;background:var(--gold-bg)}\n.cdrill .flagbtn[aria-pressed=true]{border-color:var(--gold);background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold));color:#3A2A02}\n.cdrill .kbd{display:inline-block;font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,monospace;font-size:10.5px;padding:3px 6px;background:#fff;\n  border:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom-width:2px;border-radius:4px;font-weight:700}\n.cdrill .keys{margin-top:14px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px dashed var(--line);font-size:11.5px;color:var(--slate);\n  display:flex;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-weight:600}\n@media(max-width:700px){.cdrill .keys{display:none}}\n\n.cdrill .verdict{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;font-weight:800;font-size:14px;margin:20px 0 0}\n.cdrill .verdict.r{color:var(--ok)} .cdrill .verdict.w{color:var(--bad)}\n.cdrill .expl{margin-top:12px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--gold);border-radius:0 12px 12px 0;\n  background:#FCFDFF;padding:16px 18px;font-size:14.2px;line-height:1.68}\n.cdrill .expl .body{font-family:'Newsreader',Georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7}\n.cdrill .expl b{color:var(--blue-800)}\n.cdrill .expl-h{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800;margin-bottom:8px}\n\n  font-weight:600;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-800);transition:.14s}\n.cdrill .chip:hover:not(:disabled){background:var(--blue-700);border-color:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\n.cdrill .ai-out{margin-top:12px;background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;padding:14px 16px;\n  font-size:14px;line-height:1.65}\n.cdrill .ai-out b{color:var(--blue-800)}\n.cdrill .offline{margin-top:12px;padding-top:10px;border-top:1px dashed #CBD8F6;font-size:11.5px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.5}\n.cdrill .dots span{display:inline-block;width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--blue-700);margin-right:4px;animation:cdb 1.1s infinite}\n.cdrill .dots span:nth-child(2){animation-delay:.16s} .cdrill .dots span:nth-child(3){animation-delay:.32s}\n@keyframes cdb{0%,80%{opacity:.25;transform:translateY(0)}40%{opacity:1;transform:translateY(-3px)}}\n\n\/* ---------- rail ---------- *\/\n.cdrill .rail{display:grid;gap:16px;align-content:start}\n.cdrill .rail .card{padding:16px}\n.cdrill .rail h3{margin:0;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800}\n.cdrill .score{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:8px;margin:10px 0 4px}\n.cdrill .score b{font-size:32px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.03em}\n.cdrill .score i{font-style:normal;color:var(--slate);font-size:13px;font-weight:600}\n.cdrill .bar{height:7px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--wash);overflow:hidden;margin-top:10px}\n.cdrill .bar>i{display:block;height:100%;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--ok),#37B37E);border-radius:99px;transition:width .4s}\n.cdrill .mini{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--slate);margin-top:8px;font-weight:600}\n.cdrill .streak{display:flex;gap:4px;margin-top:12px}\n.cdrill .streak i{flex:1;height:26px;border-radius:5px;background:var(--wash);border:1px solid var(--line)}\n.cdrill .streak i.r{background:var(--ok-bg);border-color:#A9DEC6}\n.cdrill .streak i.w{background:var(--bad-bg);border-color:#F3C2C6}\n.cdrill .nav-head{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;padding:13px 16px;\n  border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);flex-wrap:nowrap}\n.cdrill .nav-head b{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800}\n.cdrill .navtoggle{flex:none;white-space:nowrap;min-width:56px;text-align:center;\n  font-size:12px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-800);padding:5px 12px;border-radius:7px;\n  border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);letter-spacing:.02em;transition:.14s}\n.cdrill .nav-head b{min-width:0;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}\n.cdrill .navtoggle:hover{border-color:var(--blue-700);background:var(--blue-50)}\n.cdrill .navgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr));gap:6px;\n  padding:14px 16px 12px;max-height:238px;overflow-y:auto;overflow-x:hidden}\n.cdrill .navgrid::-webkit-scrollbar{width:6px}\n.cdrill .navgrid::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:#CBD5E1;border-radius:99px}\n.cdrill .navgrid::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background:transparent}\n.cdrill .nq{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;min-width:0;height:34px;padding:0;margin:0;\n  border-radius:8px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);\n  font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',system-ui,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:11.5px;line-height:1;\n  color:var(--slate);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:visible;\n  transition:background .12s,border-color .12s,color .12s;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;letter-spacing:-.02em}\n.cdrill .nq:hover{border-color:var(--blue-700);color:var(--blue-800);background:var(--blue-50)}\n@media(max-width:960px){.cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(10,minmax(0,1fr))}}\n@media(max-width:520px){.cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(7,minmax(0,1fr))}}\n.cdrill .nq.r{background:var(--ok-bg);border-color:#8FD3B6;color:#086945}\n.cdrill .nq.w{background:var(--bad-bg);border-color:#F0AEB4;color:#A81F2B}\n.cdrill .nq.cur{border-color:var(--blue-700);background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\n.cdrill .nq .fl{position:absolute;top:-5px;right:-4px;font-size:9.5px;line-height:1;\n  filter:drop-shadow(0 0 2px #fff)}\n.cdrill .nq.mastered::after{content:\"\";position:absolute;bottom:3px;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);\n  width:4px;height:4px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--ok)}\n.cdrill .legend{display:flex;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:10.5px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600;\n  padding:10px 16px 14px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:4px}\n.cdrill .legend i{display:inline-block;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:3px;margin-right:5px;vertical-align:-1px}\n\n\/* ---------- performance ---------- *\/\n.cdrill .perf{padding:24px 24px 32px;display:grid;gap:34px}\n.cdrill .ph{margin:0 0 10px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800}\n.cdrill .ph .secno{color:var(--gold);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:0}\n\n\/* ---------- performance blocks ---------- *\/\n.cdrill .pblock{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:16px;background:var(--paper);overflow:hidden}\n.cdrill .pbh{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:16px;padding:20px 24px 18px;\n  background:linear-gradient(180deg,#FBFCFF,#F6F9FF);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}\n.cdrill .pbh .txt{flex:1;min-width:0}\n.cdrill .pbh h4{font-size:17px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.015em;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 7px;\n  display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px}\n.cdrill .pbh h4 .dot{width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--gold);flex:none}\n.cdrill .pbh p{font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.6;margin:0}\n.cdrill .pbh .pbtag{flex:none;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.07em;text-transform:uppercase;\n  color:var(--blue-800);background:var(--blue-100);border-radius:99px;padding:6px 13px;white-space:nowrap}\n.cdrill .bars{padding:8px 24px 18px}\n.cdrill .subhead{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:18px 24px 2px;\n  border-top:1px solid #EEF2F9;margin-top:6px}\n.cdrill .subhead:first-of-type{border-top:0;margin-top:0}\n.cdrill .subhead h5{font-size:12.5px;font-weight:800;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:.01em;margin:0}\n.cdrill .subhead span{font-size:11.8px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600}\n.cdrill .hero2{display:grid;grid-template-columns:260px 1fr;gap:18px}\n@media(max-width:860px){.cdrill .hero2{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\n.cdrill .ring-card{background:linear-gradient(150deg,var(--blue-900),var(--blue-800) 70%,var(--blue-700));border-radius:var(--r);\n  padding:24px 20px;color:#fff;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\n.cdrill .ring{position:relative;width:150px;height:150px}\n.cdrill .ring svg{transform:rotate(-90deg)}\n.cdrill .ring .bg{fill:none;stroke:rgba(255,255,255,.14);stroke-width:11}\n.cdrill .ring .fg{fill:none;stroke:var(--gold-lt);stroke-width:11;stroke-linecap:round;transition:stroke-dashoffset 1s ease}\n.cdrill .ring-txt{position:absolute;inset:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\n.cdrill .ring-txt b{font-size:40px;font-weight:800;color:var(--gold-lt);letter-spacing:-.03em;line-height:1}\n.cdrill .ring-txt span{font-size:9.5px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#BFDBFE;margin-top:5px;font-weight:700}\n.cdrill .verdict2{margin-top:14px;font-size:13.4px;color:#DBEAFE;line-height:1.55}\n.cdrill .verdict2 b{color:#fff}\n.cdrill .coach{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r);padding:18px 20px;background:var(--paper)}\n.cdrill .coach h4{font-size:14.5px;font-weight:800;margin-bottom:12px;display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center}\n.cdrill .reco{display:flex;gap:12px;padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line);align-items:flex-start}\n.cdrill .reco:last-child{border-bottom:0}\n.cdrill .reco .ic{width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:8px;display:grid;place-items:center;font-size:13px;flex:none;margin-top:1px}\n.cdrill .reco .ic.hot{background:var(--bad-bg);color:var(--bad)}\n.cdrill .reco .ic.warm{background:var(--gold-bg);color:#8A6206}\n.cdrill .reco .ic.cool{background:var(--blue-100);color:var(--blue-800)}\n.cdrill .reco .ic.good{background:var(--ok-bg);color:var(--ok)}\n.cdrill .reco p{font-size:13.8px;line-height:1.55}\n.cdrill .reco .go{margin-left:auto;flex:none;background:var(--blue-50);color:var(--blue-800);border:1px solid #D4E2FB;\n  border-radius:8px;padding:6px 12px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:800;white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\n.cdrill .reco .go:hover{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\n.cdrill .planner{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFFDF6,#FFF8E8);border:1px solid #EADFC2;border-left:4px solid var(--gold);\n  border-radius:0 var(--r) var(--r) 0;padding:18px 20px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;flex-wrap:wrap}\n.cdrill .planner h4{font-size:17px;font-weight:800;margin-bottom:5px;letter-spacing:-.01em;\n  display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px}\n.cdrill .planner p{font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.55;max-width:62ch}\n.cdrill .pbtns{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap}\n.cdrill .pbtn{padding:11px 18px;border:1.5px solid var(--gold);border-radius:11px;background:#fff;color:#8A6206;\n  font-weight:800;font-size:13.5px;display:flex;gap:7px;align-items:center;white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\n.cdrill .pbtn:hover{background:var(--gold-bg)}\n.cdrill .pbtn.primary{background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold));color:#3A2A02;border-color:var(--gold)}\n.cdrill .pbtn.navy{background:var(--blue-900);border-color:var(--blue-900);color:#fff}\n.cdrill .pbtn.navy:hover{background:var(--blue-800);border-color:var(--blue-800)}\n.cdrill .kpis{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(150px,1fr));gap:12px}\n.cdrill .kpi{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:15px;background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff,var(--blue-50))}\n.cdrill .kpi b{display:block;font-size:26px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.03em}\n.cdrill .kpi span{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.06em}\n.cdrill .tblwrap{overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;background:#fff}\n\/* nested two-tier header, PYQ and concept side by side *\/\n.cdrill table.nested{min-width:880px}\n.cdrill table.nested thead th{background:var(--blue-700);border-bottom:0;padding:11px 10px;\n  font-size:10.6px;letter-spacing:.06em;vertical-align:middle}\n.cdrill table.nested thead th.grp{background:var(--blue-900);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);\n  border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);font-size:11.4px;letter-spacing:.04em}\n.cdrill table.nested thead th.sub2{background:#2F62EA;font-size:10.2px;font-weight:600;padding:8px 10px}\n.cdrill table.nested thead th.lft{text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\n.cdrill table.nested td{padding:12px 10px;font-size:12.6px}\n.cdrill table.nested td.lft{text-align:left;padding-left:14px;font-weight:700;max-width:270px;\n  line-height:1.4;background:#FBFCFE;font-size:12.8px}\n.cdrill .wt{font-size:15px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-900)}\n.cdrill .wsub{font-size:10.6px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:700;margin-left:5px}\n.cdrill .nil{color:#B6C2D6;font-weight:700}\n.cdrill .minibar{height:6px;width:62px;margin:0 auto 4px;border-radius:99px;background:#EEF2F9;overflow:hidden}\n.cdrill .minibar>i{display:block;height:100%;border-radius:99px}\n.cdrill .miniv{font-size:11.4px;font-weight:800}\n.cdrill td.prac{white-space:nowrap}\n.cdrill td.prac .mini-go+.mini-go{margin-left:5px}\n.cdrill .mini-go.pyq{color:#fff;background:var(--blue-900);border-color:var(--blue-900)}\n.cdrill .mini-go.pyq:hover{background:var(--blue-800);border-color:var(--blue-800)}\n\/* numbered section headings *\/\n.cdrill .pbh h4 .secno{font-size:15px;font-weight:800;color:var(--gold);letter-spacing:0;\n  font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;margin-right:2px}\n.cdrill .pbh .sechint{flex:none;font-family:'Newsreader',Georgia,serif;font-style:italic;font-size:12.8px;\n  color:var(--slate);white-space:nowrap;align-self:center}\n@media(max-width:760px){.cdrill .pbh .sechint{display:none}}\n.cdrill table.perf-t{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:13px;min-width:760px}\n.cdrill table.perf-t th,.cdrill table.perf-t td{padding:10px;border-bottom:1px solid #EEF2F9;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}\n.cdrill table.perf-t thead th{background:var(--blue-900);color:#fff;font-weight:700;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase}\n.cdrill table.perf-t th:first-child,.cdrill table.perf-t td:first-child{text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\n.cdrill table.perf-t td:first-child{font-weight:700;max-width:280px;line-height:1.35;background:#FBFCFE}\n.cdrill .sub{display:block;font-size:10.6px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600;margin-top:3px}\n.cdrill .tbar{height:6px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--wash);overflow:hidden;min-width:80px}\n.cdrill .tbar>i{display:block;height:100%;border-radius:99px}\n.cdrill .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10.4px;font-weight:800;padding:3px 9px;border-radius:99px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.04em}\n.cdrill .tag.hot{background:var(--bad-bg);color:var(--bad)}\n.cdrill .tag.warm{background:var(--gold-bg);color:#8A6206}\n.cdrill .tag.ok{background:var(--blue-100);color:var(--blue-800)}\n.cdrill .tag.good{background:var(--ok-bg);color:var(--ok)}\n.cdrill .tag.na{background:#F1F5F9;color:var(--slate)}\n.cdrill .mini-go{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;padding:5px 10px;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-800);transition:.15s}\n.cdrill .mini-go:hover{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff;border-color:var(--blue-700)}\n.cdrill .lrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(150px,1.2fr) 2.4fr 96px;gap:18px;align-items:center;\n  padding:12px 10px;border-radius:9px;transition:background .13s;margin:0 -10px}\n.cdrill .lrow:hover{background:#FAFCFF}\n.cdrill .lrow+.lrow{border-top:1px solid #F1F5FB}\n@media(max-width:620px){.cdrill .lrow{grid-template-columns:1fr auto;row-gap:6px}.cdrill .lrow .ltrack{grid-column:1\/-1}}\n.cdrill .lname{font-size:13.4px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.35}\n.cdrill .lsub{display:block;font-size:10.8px;font-weight:600;color:var(--slate);margin-top:4px}\n.cdrill .ltrack{background:#EEF2F9;border-radius:99px;height:11px;overflow:hidden;\n  box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(16,32,74,.05)}\n.cdrill .lfill{height:100%;border-radius:99px;transition:width .8s cubic-bezier(.22,.9,.28,1)}\n.cdrill .lval{text-align:right;font-size:16px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.02em}\n.cdrill .lval small{display:block;font-size:10px;font-weight:700;color:var(--slate);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.05em;margin-top:2px}\n.cdrill .split{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:16px}\n@media(max-width:860px){.cdrill .split{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\n.cdrill .panel{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:16px 18px}\n.cdrill .rev{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;width:100%;text-align:left;background:#FAFBFE;border-left:3px solid var(--gold);\n  border-radius:8px;padding:10px 12px;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:12.6px;transition:.15s}\n.cdrill .rev:hover{background:var(--gold-bg);transform:translateX(3px)}\n.cdrill .rev .n{font-weight:800;color:#8A6206;flex:none}\n.cdrill .rev .t{flex:1;color:var(--slate);white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}\n.cdrill .rev .d{background:var(--gold);color:#3A2A02;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:99px;font-size:10.2px;font-weight:800;white-space:nowrap}\n.cdrill .danger{border:1px dashed #F3C2C6;border-radius:12px;background:#FFFAFA;padding:16px 18px;\n  display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap}\n.cdrill .danger p{font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);flex:1;min-width:220px;line-height:1.6}\n.cdrill .danger b{color:var(--bad)}\n.cdrill .dbtn{padding:11px 20px;background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #F3C2C6;border-radius:11px;color:var(--bad);\n  font-size:13px;font-weight:800;white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\n.cdrill .dbtn:hover{background:var(--bad);border-color:var(--bad);color:#fff}\n\/* ---------- exam analytics ---------- *\/\n.cdrill .rankrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:26px minmax(120px,1.25fr) 2.2fr 42px 46px;gap:14px;\n  align-items:center;padding:9px 10px;margin:0 -10px;border-radius:9px;transition:background .13s}\n.cdrill .rankrow:hover{background:#FAFCFF}\n.cdrill .rankrow+.rankrow{border-top:1px dashed #EEF2F9}\n.cdrill .rankrow .rk{font-size:11.5px;font-weight:800;color:#B6C2D6;text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\n.cdrill .rankrow .rname{font-size:12.4px;font-weight:600;color:var(--blue-800);line-height:1.35;\n  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8px}\n  .cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(8,minmax(0,1fr));max-height:none}\n  .cdrill .rail .card{padding:14px}\n\n  \/* performance and analytics *\/\n  .cdrill .perf{padding:16px 14px 24px;gap:22px}\n  .cdrill .pbh{padding:16px 15px 14px;gap:10px}\n  .cdrill .pbh h4{font-size:15.4px}\n  .cdrill .pbh p{font-size:12.4px}\n  .cdrill .bars{padding:6px 15px 14px}\n  .cdrill .hero2{gap:14px}\n  .cdrill .ring-card{padding:20px 16px}\n  .cdrill .coach{padding:15px}\n  .cdrill .reco{gap:10px}\n  .cdrill .reco p{font-size:13px}\n  .cdrill .reco .go{margin-left:0;flex:1 1 100%;margin-top:6px}\n  .cdrill .planner{padding:15px;gap:12px}\n  .cdrill .pbtns{width:100%;gap:8px}\n  .cdrill .pbtn{flex:1 1 100%;justify-content:center;padding:12px 14px}\n  .cdrill .kpis{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:9px}\n  .cdrill .kpi{padding:12px}\n  .cdrill .kpi b{font-size:22px}\n  .cdrill .kpi span{font-size:10.4px}\n  .cdrill .panel{padding:14px}\n  .cdrill .danger{padding:14px}\n  .cdrill .dbtn{width:100%}\n  .cdrill .cyc{padding:20px 14px 14px;gap:8px}\n  .cdrill .cycbar{min-width:42px}\n  .cdrill .toast{left:14px;right:14px;transform:none;text-align:center;bottom:16px}\n}\n@media(max-width:380px){\n  .cdrill .hstat b{font-size:15.5px}\n  .cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr))}\n  .cdrill .ychip{flex:1 1 calc(50% - 5px)}\n  .cdrill .kpis{grid-template-columns:1fr}\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"cdrill\" id=\"cdRoot\">\n\n  <header class=\"hero\">\n    <div class=\"wrap\">\n      <div class=\"eyebrow\" id=\"cdEyebrow\">CSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com<\/div>\n      <h1 id=\"cdTopic\">Chapter-wise Test Series<\/h1>\n      <p id=\"cdSub\">Chapter drills with a planner that builds your next sitting for you.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"hstats\">\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hQ\">0<\/b><span>Questions<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hCh\">0<\/b><span>Chapters<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hMastered\">0%<\/b><span>Mastered<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hReady\">\u2014<\/b><span>Readiness<\/span><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"tabs\" role=\"tablist\">\n        <button class=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"quiz\">\u270f\ufe0f Practice<\/button>\n        <button class=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"perf\">\ud83d\udcca My Performance <span class=\"pill hide\" id=\"perfPill\">!<\/span><\/button>\n        <button class=\"tab hide\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"exam\" id=\"tabExam\">\ud83d\udcdc Exam Analytics<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/header>\n  <div class=\"goldrule\"><\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"filters\" id=\"cdFilters\">\n    <div class=\"wrap\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Filter questions\">\n      <button class=\"pill-f\" data-f=\"all\" aria-pressed=\"true\">\ud83d\udccb All questions<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fAll\">0<\/span><\/button>\n      <button class=\"pill-f navy\" data-f=\"pyq\">\ud83d\udcdc PYQs only<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fPyq\">0<\/span><\/button>\n      <button class=\"pill-f\" data-f=\"concept\">\ud83e\udde0 Concept MCQs<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fCon\">0<\/span><\/button>\n      <button class=\"pill-f\" data-f=\"chapter\">\ud83d\udcda By chapter<\/button>\n      <button class=\"pill-f gold hide\" data-f=\"session\" id=\"pillSession\">\ud83e\udde9 <span id=\"sessLabel\">My session<\/span><span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fSess\">0<\/span><\/button>\n      <button class=\"pill-f warn\" data-f=\"weak\">\u26a0\ufe0f Weak areas<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fWeak\">0<\/span><\/button>\n      <button class=\"pill-f\" data-f=\"flagged\">\ud83d\udd16 Flagged<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fFlag\">0<\/span><\/button>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"wrap\">\n    <!-- ============ PRACTICE ============ -->\n    <div class=\"grid\" id=\"viewQuiz\">\n      <div>\n        <div class=\"toolbar\">\n          <div class=\"search\">\n            <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"M20 20l-3.5-3.5\"\/><\/svg>\n            <input id=\"cdSearch\" placeholder=\"Search a phrase or a rule number\" aria-label=\"Search questions\">\n          <\/div>\n          <button class=\"tgl\" id=\"tglUn\" aria-pressed=\"false\">\u25fb Unattempted only<\/button>\n          <button class=\"tgl\" id=\"tglReset\">\u21ba Reset session<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <section class=\"card chapcard hide\" id=\"chapPanel\">\n          <div class=\"chaphead\">\n            <b>\ud83d\udcda Filter by chapter<\/b><i id=\"chapHint\"><\/i>\n            <span class=\"bankseg\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Which bank\">\n              <button data-bank=\"all\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Both<\/button>\n              <button data-bank=\"pyq\" aria-pressed=\"false\">PYQs<\/button>\n              <button data-bank=\"concept\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Concept<\/button>\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"meta\" id=\"ctxMeta\"><\/span>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"chaplist\" id=\"chapList\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Choose chapter\"><\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n        <section class=\"card hide\" id=\"emptyCard\">\n          <div class=\"qhead\"><span class=\"qcount\">Nothing to show<\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"empty\" id=\"emptyBody\"><\/div>\n        <\/section>\n\n        <section class=\"card\" id=\"qCard\">\n          <div class=\"qhead\">\n            <span class=\"qcount\" id=\"qCount\">Question 1 of 1<\/span>\n            <span class=\"qmeta\">\n              <span class=\"badge-src\" id=\"qSrc\">Concept<\/span>\n              <span class=\"badge-m\" id=\"qMastery\">Not seen yet<\/span>\n              <span class=\"badge-ch\"><span id=\"qChap\">Chapter<\/span><\/span>\n              <span id=\"qTags\" class=\"qtags\"><\/span>\n    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id=\"explBody\" class=\"body\"><\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <aside class=\"rail\">\n        <section class=\"card\" id=\"navCard\" style=\"padding:0\">\n          <div class=\"nav-head\"><b id=\"navTitle\">Navigator<\/b><button class=\"navtoggle\" id=\"navToggle\">Hide<\/button><\/div>\n          <div class=\"navgrid\" id=\"navGrid\"><\/div>\n          <div class=\"legend\">\n            <span><i style=\"background:var(--ok-bg);border:1.5px solid #8FD3B6\"><\/i>Correct<\/span>\n            <span><i style=\"background:var(--bad-bg);border:1.5px solid #F0AEB4\"><\/i>Wrong<\/span>\n            <span><i style=\"background:var(--ok)\"><\/i>Mastered<\/span>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n        <div class=\"card\">\n          <h3>This session<\/h3>\n          <div class=\"score\"><b id=\"sPct\">\u2014<\/b><i id=\"sFrac\">0 of 0 correct<\/i><\/div>\n          <div class=\"bar\"><i id=\"sBar\" style=\"width:0\"><\/i><\/div>\n          <div class=\"mini\"><span id=\"sSeen\">0 attempted<\/span><span id=\"sLeft\">0 left here<\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"streak\" id=\"streak\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"card\">\n          <h3 id=\"wHead\">Share on screen<\/h3>\n          <div class=\"score\"><b id=\"wPct\" style=\"color:#8A6206\">\u2014<\/b><i id=\"wUnit\">of this bank<\/i><\/div>\n          <p style=\"margin:8px 0 0;font-size:12.8px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.55\" id=\"wNote\"><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"card hide\" id=\"srcCard\">\n          <h3>Source text<\/h3>\n          <p style=\"margin:9px 0 12px;font-size:12.8px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.55\">Every explanation here is drawn from the full text of the subject. Open it when a citation needs checking.<\/p>\n          <a class=\"btn\" id=\"srcLink\" href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"display:block;text-align:center;text-decoration:none\">\ud83d\udcd6 Read the source<\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/aside>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- ============ EXAM ANALYTICS ============ -->\n    <div class=\"hide\" id=\"viewExam\">\n      <section class=\"card\" style=\"margin:20px 0 60px\">\n        <div class=\"qhead\"><span class=\"qcount\">Exam Analytics<\/span><span class=\"badge-w\" id=\"examCount\">0 PYQs<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"perf\" id=\"examBody\"><\/div>\n      <\/section>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- ============ PERFORMANCE ============ -->\n    <div class=\"hide\" id=\"viewPerf\">\n      <section class=\"card\" style=\"margin:20px 0 60px\">\n        <div class=\"qhead\"><span class=\"qcount\">My Performance<\/span><span class=\"badge-w\" id=\"perfCount\">0 attempted<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"perf\" id=\"perfBody\"><\/div>\n      <\/section>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"toast\" id=\"toast\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function(){\n\"use strict\";\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   1. CONFIGURATION  \u2190 EDIT PER SUBJECT\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nconst CFG = {\n  quizId : 'subject-pyq-chapterwise',  \/\/ unique per page \u2014 this is the progress key\n  topic  : 'Manual of Office Procedure (Chapter 5, 6 & 10)',             \/\/ e.g. 'Right to Information Act, 2005'\n  eyebrow: '',                         \/\/ e.g. 'UPSC SO \/ Steno LDCE \u00b7 Paper II'\n  sub    : 'Previous year questions and chapter drills, weighted by what the paper actually asks.',\n\n  \/* --- SOURCE PAGE --------------------------------------------------- *\/\n  sourceUrl   : '',                 \/\/ e.g. 'https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/your-source-page\/'\n  sourceLabel : 'full source text',\n\n  masteryThreshold : 3,     \/\/ clean correct answers before a question counts as mastered\n  weakThreshold    : 1,     \/\/ wrong attempts before a question is flagged weak\n\n  priorAccuracy : 0.30,     \/\/ expected-score model: shrink raw accuracy toward this\n  priorStrength : 6,\n  retention     : { baseDays:3, growth:2.5, riskBelow:0.70 },\n\n  highYield   : 15,         \/\/ a chapter with this many PYQs is called high-yield\n\n  sessionSize : 25,         \/\/ Focused set\n  mockSize    : 50,         \/\/ Mock paper\n  pyqSize     : 30          \/\/ PYQ paper\n};\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   2. THE TWO BANKS  \u2190 PASTE YOUR QUESTIONS HERE\n   Same schema in both:\n      { id, chapter, question, options[], correct, explanation }\n   PYQ entries take one extra field:  year: 2023\n   Exam weight is COUNTED from pyqQuestions \u2014 you do not set it by hand.\n   The samples below are only so the page renders. Delete them.\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nconst pyqQuestions = [\n  {\n    \"id\": 1,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\n    \"question\": \"Allocation of disputed receipts should be sent to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"O & M section\",\n      \"Central Registry\",\n      \"head of the division\",\n      \"designated officer for deciding allocation of disputed receipts\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: D - designated officer for deciding allocation of disputed receipts<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> As per para no. 5.9: \\\"Allocation of Disputed Receipts: If a section feels that it is not concerned with a mis-sent receipt or email forwarded to it, it should be brought to the notice of <b>the Under Secretary so designated by the departmental instructions for deciding allocation of disputed receipt<\/b>. In case of dispute, he will be responsible for the settlement of the dispute at the earliest within 2 working days from the date of receipt in the department, except that in case of disputed receipts with urgency grading, he\/she will decide within half-a-day.\\\"<br><br> The officer is designated <i>in advance<\/i> by departmental instructions, which is what allows the dispute to be settled within the tight periods of two working days, or half a day for urgency-graded receipts. The Central Registry (option B) receives, registers and distributes dak under para 5.1 but has no adjudicatory role once a section disputes the marking.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 2,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\n    \"question\": \"Receiving, registering and distributing the dak meant for a department is the responsibility of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Departmental Record Officer\",\n      \"Central Registry\",\n      \"Desk functionary\",\n      \"Division\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: B - Central Registry<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> As per the Glossary to CSMOP 2022, entry 8: \\\"'Central Registration Unit (CRU)' means a unit within a Department assigned with the responsibility of <b>receiving, registering and distributing dak meant for that Department<\/b> and includes functionaries like resident clerk and night duty clerk. Often, the terms Central Issue Section, Central Receipt &amp; Issue Section and CRU are used inter-changeably.\\\"<br><br> Para 5.1 (i) puts the same duty in operational terms: \\\"During office hours, all dak including those addressed to Ministers\/Officers by name will be received in the CRU\/IFC.\\\"<br><br> Option A is a different functionary altogether. Para 10.1 (2) provides: \\\"Each record creating agency will nominate, in pursuance of provisions of the Public Records Act, 1993 and the Public Records Rules, 1997 a Departmental Records Officer (DRO) who is not below the level of a Section Officer for overall records management of the organisation as a whole\\\" - his concern is records at the end of a file's life, not dak at its beginning.<br><br> <b>Current position:<\/b> the older name \\\"Central Registry\\\" has been replaced in CSMOP 2022 by <b>Central Registration Unit (CRU)<\/b>. The function is unchanged, and para 4.9 (ii) (d) now requires that \\\"Every Ministry\/Department as well as their attached and subordinate offices shall strengthen the Central Registry Unit (CRU) by meeting the human resources and infrastructure needs for the functioning of the digital secretariat.\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 3,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\n    \"question\": \"In the context of e-office procedure, which of the following statement(s) is\/are not correct?<br>1. The CR Unit of the Ministry\/Department is centrally responsible for scanning the dak received in the physical form and diarize it into the system<br>2. If any enclosures to the dak received in physical form are missing, these can be called for telephonically or electronically<br>3. Where voluminous books are received as annexures, the sender may be requested to send a soft copy or indicate the public website link from where it could be downloaded<br>4. After e-diarization, the physical dak is sent to the Record Room<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\n      \"4 only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: D - 4 only<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> The question asks which statements are <b>not<\/b> correct, and only statement 4 fails.<br><br> <b>Statement 4 is not correct.<\/b> After e-diarisation the physical dak is not sent to the Record Room. The Record Room, under Chapter 10, holds <i>recorded<\/i> files - that is, files on which action has been completed and which have been closed, categorised and stitched under para 10.5. A freshly scanned receipt has not even been marked to a section, let alone actioned, so it cannot go there. The physical paper is retained in the Central Registration Unit or a central repository against the scanned image, pending verification.<br><br> <b>Statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct.<\/b> Statement 1 reflects the CRU's function under the Glossary, entry 8: \\\"'Central Registration Unit (CRU)' means a unit within a Department assigned with the responsibility of receiving, registering and distributing dak meant for that Department.\\\" Statement 2 reflects para 5.2 (iii): \\\"check enclosures and, if any is found missing, indicate on the dak by writing the missing enclosure.\\\" Statement 3 reflects the practical arrangement for voluminous annexures, which cannot usefully be scanned and are better obtained in soft copy or by a link.<br><br> Para 4.9 (ii) (d) underlines the CRU's central place in the digital secretariat: \\\"Every Ministry\/Department as well as their attached and subordinate offices shall strengthen the Central Registry Unit (CRU) by meeting the human resources and infrastructure needs for the functioning of the digital secretariat.\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 4,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"year\": \"2025\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements in the context of Registration of dak:<br>1. All dak without exception need to be registered at the entry level in Central Registration Unit.<br>2. Communications received from Members of Parliament are registered in a separate register maintained for watching their disposal.<br>3. Casual Leave application is not required to be registered at entry level.<br>4. Copies of miscellaneous circulars are required to be registered at entry level.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: B - 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> As per para no. 5.3 (ii): \\\"<b>All dak need to be registered at the entry level except the following:<\/b> (a) receipts which, as a class, are adequately taken care of by a register specially devised for the purpose; (b) <b>communications received from Members of Parliament as separate register is maintained for watching their disposal<\/b>; (c) identical copies of representations, except the one received first, unless directions \/ remarks are recorded by a senior officer; (d) <b>casual leave applications<\/b>; (e) <b>copies of miscellaneous circulars, office memoranda, extracts, etc., circulated by any section for general information<\/b>; and (f) any other categories of receipts which under Departmental instructions are not required to be registered.\\\"<br><br> <b>Statement 1 is wrong<\/b> because the paragraph opens with \\\"except the following\\\" and then lists six exceptions - so registration is not without exception.<br><br> <b>Statements 2 and 3 are correct<\/b>, reproducing sub-clauses (b) and (d).<br><br> <b>Statement 4 is wrong<\/b> because it reverses sub-clause (e) - copies of miscellaneous circulars are among the items <i>exempt<\/i> from registration, not required to be registered.<br><br> The device is an exhaustive-list trap: two of the four statements take an exempted item and place it on the \\\"required\\\" side. Para 5.3 (i) states the purpose of registration: \\\"Dak should be registered at the entry level so as to maintain accountability of every paper received by the respective Department.\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 5,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\n    \"question\": \"Filing of papers ensures:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"timely submission of papers\",\n      \"accountability of officers\",\n      \"submission of file in orderly manner\",\n      \"senior officers to take a decision\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: C - submission of file in orderly manner<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> As per para no. 6.6 (i) and (ii): \\\"Filing of papers means placing the PUC and \/ or FRs in the correspondence portion and the notes in the note portion of the file. (ii) Papers required to be filed are to be punched on the left hand top corner leaving 1 inch each on the top and left corner and tagged onto the appropriate part of the file viz. notes, correspondence, appendix to notes and appendix to correspondence, in chronological order, top to bottom with the oldest reference at the top and the latest at the bottom.\\\"<br><br> Every element of the provision - the separation into portions, the chronological sequence, the separate page numbering under sub-para (iii) - is directed at orderly arrangement of the file. Timeliness of submission is governed by Chapter 12 and accountability by para 5.3 (registration of dak), not by the filing rules.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 6,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\n    \"question\": \"A 'part file' on a subject is opened to deal with:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"confidential matters\",\n      \"urgent and immediate receipts without waiting for the return of the main file\",\n      \"cases which are of sensitive matters\",\n      \"where main file is lost\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: B - urgent and immediate receipts without waiting for the return of the main file<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> As per para no. 6.10 (i): \\\"Part file: If the main file on a subject is not likely to be available for some time and it is necessary to process a fresh receipt or a note <b>without waiting for its return<\/b>, a part file may be opened to deal with it. This device may also be resorted to where it is desired to consult simultaneously two or more sections or officers.\\\"<br><br> Para 6.10 (ii) sets out its contents: \\\"A part file will normally consist of: a. receipt dealt with; and b. notes relating thereto\\\", and sub-para (iv) requires that \\\"A part file shall be merged with the main file by the Dealing Officer immediately when the main file and the part file are returned to the Section, after giving fresh referencing.\\\"<br><br> Option D describes a different situation entirely, governed by para 6.11 (ii): \\\"A file will be reconstructed if it is misplaced. The file number and the subject will be obtained from the file register and the copies of correspondence will be sought from the corresponding Department.\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 7,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\n    \"question\": \"In the context of referencing, 'PUC' indicates:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Promotion under consideration\",\n      \"Paper under consideration\",\n      \"Proposal under conclusion\",\n      \"Property under charge\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: B - Paper under consideration<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> As per the Glossary to CSMOP 2022, entry 40: \\\"<b>'Paper under consideration (PUC)' means a receipt on a case, the consideration of which is the subject matter of the case.<\/b>\\\"<br><br> The flagging rule is in para 6.7 (iii): \\\"<b>The paper under consideration on a file is flagged 'PUC' and the latest fresh receipt noted upon, as 'FR'.<\/b> If there are more than one 'FR' they are flagged separately as 'FR I', 'FR II', and so on. Similarly, there could be more than one PUC in a file. While flagging 'PUC' or 'FR', the relevant page numbers will be invariably quoted in the margin.\\\"<br><br> The companion term is defined at Glossary entry 27: \\\"'Fresh receipt (FR)' means any subsequent receipt on a case which brings in additional information to aid the disposal of a paper under consideration.\\\" The PUC is thus the paper that <i>is<\/i> the case; the FR is a later paper that helps dispose of it.<br><br> Para 6.6 (i) links the term to filing: \\\"Filing of papers means placing the PUC and \/ or FRs in the correspondence portion and the notes in the note portion of the file.\\\"<br><br> <b>Note on eFile:<\/b> Box e.6.5 provides that \\\"once a 'PUC' or 'FR' number is assigned, it cannot be changed\\\", and that \\\"In eFile, there is no need to flag correspondence as PUC or FR, as merely giving reference to the page number would suffice to track that reference.\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 8,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"year\": \"2016-17\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding referencing of files:<br>1. Every page in part of the file will be consecutively numbered in separate series, in pencil<br>2. Each item of correspondence in a file, whether receipt or issue, will be assigned a serial number which will be displayed prominently in red ink on the top middle portion of its first page<br>3. When recorded files are put up with the current file, multiple alphabetical slips can be attached to the individual recorded files for quick identification<br>4. When referring to the papers flagged 'PUC' or 'FR', the relevant page numbers will be quoted invariably in the margin<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: B - 2, 3 and 4 only<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> <b>Statement 1 is wrong on a single word.<\/b> As per para no. 6.7 (i): \\\"Every page in each part of the file (viz. notes, correspondence, appendix to notes, and appendix to correspondence) will be consecutively numbered in separate series, <b>in pen on the right top corner<\/b>. Blank intervening pages, if any, will not be numbered.\\\" The numbering is in <b>pen<\/b>, not in pencil. Pencil is used elsewhere and for a different purpose - para 6.7 (vi): \\\"The fact of such compilations not having been put up will be indicated in the margin of the notes in pencil as 'Not put up'.\\\"<br><br> <b>Statement 2 is correct<\/b> - para 6.7 (ii): \\\"Each item of correspondence in a file, whether receipt or issue, will be assigned a serial number which will be displayed prominently in red ink on the top middle portion of its first page.\\\"<br><br> <b>Statement 4 is correct<\/b> - para 6.7 (iii): \\\"While flagging 'PUC' or 'FR', the relevant page numbers will be invariably quoted in the margin.\\\"<br><br> <b>Statement 3 requires care.<\/b> Para 6.7 (iv) provides: \\\"<b>Only one alphabetical slip will be attached to a recorded file or compilation<\/b> to bring out clearly the relevant page or paragraph.\\\" On a strict reading of the current Manual statement 3 is therefore wrong, and the answer key of the paper - which treats it as correct - is open to question on this point. Read as the paper intended, the key is B; read strictly against para 6.7 (iv), only statements 2 and 4 survive. <b>This is an item where the paper's own key should be treated with reserve.<\/b>\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 9,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"year\": \"2019-20\",\n    \"question\": \"In the context of e-office procedure, which of the following statements are correct?<br>1. 'Come-back case' means a case received back for further action such as re-examination, or preparing a summary of the case.<br>2. 'Docketing' means making of entries in the notes portion of a file about the serial number assigned to each item of correspondence for its identification.<br>3. 'Metadata' stores data about the structure, context and meaning of data.<br>4. 'Standard taxonomy' is a standard classification across all Ministries\/Departments of files, receipts, etc., into groups.<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below.\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\n      \"1 and 2 only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: A - 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> <b>Statement 1 is correct.<\/b> Glossary entry 11: \\\"<b>'Come-back case' means a case received back for further action such as re-examination or preparing a draft or a summary of the case or to process in line with written instructions of senior officers.<\/b> Such cases are to be dealt with immediately.\\\"<br><br> <b>Statement 2 is correct.<\/b> Glossary entry 24: \\\"<b>'Docketing' means making entries in the notes portion of a file about the serial number assigned to each item of correspondence (whether receipt or issue) for its identification.<\/b> In eFile, a hyper-link is used to take one to the relevant page.\\\" Para 6.8 (i) repeats the definition and adds that where the Branch Officer or a higher officer has made a remark on the receipt, it is reproduced before the note is recorded.<br><br> <b>Statements 3 and 4<\/b> are standard definitions in the eOffice framework - metadata being data that describes the structure, context and meaning of other data, and standard taxonomy being a uniform classification of files and receipts across Ministries so that records are grouped consistently.<br><br> <b>A caution on source:<\/b> a text search of CSMOP 2022 returns <b>no<\/b> definition of \\\"Metadata\\\" or \\\"Standard taxonomy\\\"; the Glossary defines \\\"Come-back case\\\" and \\\"Docketing\\\" but not those two. Statements 3 and 4 therefore rest on the eOffice Digitization Framework of DARPG and NIC, of which Chapter 15 of the Manual is an abridged version, rather than on the Manual's own Glossary.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 10,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"year\": \"2019-20\",\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statements regarding e-office procedure is\/are correct?<br>1. The only two urgency gradings authorized for use on cases are 'Immediate' and 'Priority'.<br>2. The gradings of urgency assigned to a case are to be reviewed by all concerned at different stages of its progress and, where necessary, revised.<br>3. The reference e-file, even if it is in use or circulation, can be linked with other e-files in 'read-only' mode.<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below.\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: B - 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> <b>Statement 1 is wrong.<\/b> There are <b>three<\/b> urgency gradings, not two. Para 6.13 (i): \\\"The labels 'Immediate', 'Priority' and 'Top Priority' are advised to be used to indicate urgency. <b>The label 'Immediate' will be used only in cases requiring prompt attention.<\/b> Next in the order of urgency will be the label 'Priority' which will be used on cases which merit disposal in precedence to others of ordinary nature. 'Top Priority' label is to be applied in extremely urgent cases.\\\" Omitting 'Top Priority' is what makes statement 1 fail.<br><br> <b>Statement 2 is correct.<\/b> Para 6.13 (iii): \\\"<b>The grading of urgency assigned to a case will be reviewed by all concerned at different stages of its progress and where necessary, revised.<\/b> This is particularly important for cases proposed to be referred to other departments.\\\"<br><br> <b>Statement 3 is correct<\/b> and reflects the eFile linking facility, under which a file already in use or in circulation may still be linked to another file for reference in read-only mode - the electronic system permitting simultaneous reference in a way that a physical file could not.<br><br> Para 6.13 (ii) adds a related point: \\\"Where Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha questions, motions, Bills are processed, separate specific file cover shall be used. Hence, it will not be necessary to use any other urgency grading\\\", and Box e.6.10 that in eFile the \\\"Label 'VIP' is used for the Rajya Sabha\/Lok Sabha matters.\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 11,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statement(s) regarding e-file numbering system and record management is\/are correct?<br>1. Before an e-file is recorded, the gist of the important decisions contained in that file are required to be uploaded on the Department's website<br>2. e-office system does not permit disposal of communications by noting the replies thereon, and returning them to the sender<br>3. A standard e-file index has been prepared by the National Informatics Centre for opening e-files relating to establishment, finance, and budget, by all Departments<br>4. One copy of the archived digital record is to be maintained at the Disaster Recovery Site<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 only\",\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: C - 1 and 4 only<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> <b>Statement 1 is correct.<\/b> Recording an eFile is preceded by capturing what is of lasting value in it, and para 10.5 (iv) requires at the recording stage: \\\"Take extract from the file, copies of important decisions, documents, etc. as are considered useful for future reference and add them to the standing guard file\/standing note\/precedent book.\\\" Publishing the gist of important decisions on the Department's website carries the same principle outward, consistent with para 12.9, which requires Ministries to maintain a Website \\\"with updated data\/information in compliance with the Guidelines of Government of India Websites (GIGW).\\\"<br><br> <b>Statement 4 is correct<\/b> - maintaining one copy of the archived digital record at the Disaster Recovery Site is a standard safeguard of the eOffice framework, answering to the requirement in para 10.2 (iv) that \\\"The storage media is to be checked once a week to ensure that the eFiles are safe.\\\"<br><br> <b>Statement 2 is wrong.<\/b> The eOffice system does permit disposal by noting a reply and returning the paper to the sender - CSMOP expressly contemplates that mode. Para 6.3 (ii): such receipts \\\"may be disposed of straightaway by noting the reply on the source receipts and returning them to the originators.\\\"<br><br> <b>Statement 3 is wrong.<\/b> The National Informatics Centre supplies the platform, not the classification. Under para 6.2 the file numbering system - functional or subject-based - is settled by the Department itself, and Appendix 6.1 leaves the identification of basic, primary and secondary heads to each Department.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 12,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"year\": \"2023\",\n    \"question\": \"In the case of receipt of a 100 page report as an enclosure to a demi-official letter, which one of the following statements related to filing of papers is not correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"The demi-official letter is filed in the correspondence portion\",\n      \"Report is to be kept in Appendix to correspondence portion\",\n      \"An indication is given in the demi-official letter that the report is kept in Appendix to the correspondence portion\",\n      \"Appendix to notes and Appendix to correspondence may be kept along with the respective note portion or the correspondence portion of the main file, if the file is bulky\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: D - Appendix to notes and Appendix to correspondence may be kept along with the respective note portion or the correspondence portion of the main file, if the file is bulky<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> Statement D is the incorrect one because it inverts the condition. As per para no. 6.6 (ix): \\\"<b>If the file is not bulky, appendix to notes and appendix to correspondence may be kept along with the respective note portion or correspondence portion of the main file.<\/b>\\\" The appendices are kept with the main file when the file is <i>not<\/i> bulky; where it <i>is<\/i> bulky they are kept separately, which is the whole point of having an appendix.<br><br> Options A, B and C are all correct and are drawn from para 6.6 (vii), which uses this very illustration: \\\"For example, if a 50 page report is received with a demi-official letter as an enclosure, the demi-official letter is filed in the correspondence portion and the report is to be kept in appendix to correspondence portion. On the first page of the report, the details of the D.O. letter and its page reference must be given. An indication is given in the demi-official letter that the report is kept in appendix to correspondence portion.\\\"<br><br> Note the reason for the arrangement in para 6.6 (vii): lengthy enclosures are separated so that they do not \\\"obstruct the smooth reading of the correspondence\\\", while a cross-reference is placed at both ends so that neither document is lost from the other.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 13,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"year\": \"2023\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following in the context of arrangement of papers in a file:<br>1. Appendix to notes and correspondence<br>2. Other papers, if any, referred to, the latest being placed on the top<br>3. Standing guard file, Precedent Book or reference folder, if any<br>4. Recorded files, if any, arranged in chronological order, the latest being placed on the top<br>Which one of the following represents the correct order of arrangement from top downwards?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1, 2, 3, 4\",\n      \"1, 3, 2, 4\",\n      \"1, 4, 3, 2\",\n      \"1, 4, 2, 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: B - 1, 3, 2, 4<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> As per <b>Box 6.1<\/b>, \\\"The papers in a case will be arranged in the following order from top downwards\\\": Acts, Rules, Instructions or Reference books; notes portion of the current file ending with the note for consideration; draft for approval, if any; correspondence portion of the current file ending with the latest receipt, issue or running summary of facts; <b>appendix to notes and correspondence<\/b>, if required to approve the proposal; <b>standing guard file, precedent book or reference folder<\/b>, if any; <b>other papers<\/b>, if any, referred to, the latest being placed on the top; <b>recorded files<\/b>, if any, arranged in chronological order, the latest being placed on the top; and finally routine notes and papers arranged in chronological order and placed in a separate cover.<br><br> Taking the four items given in the question in the order in which the Box places them, the sequence is <b>appendices, then the standing guard file group, then other papers referred to, then recorded files<\/b> - that is 1, 3, 2, 4.<br><br> The logic of the order is proximity to the decision: the material that is needed <i>to approve the proposal<\/i> sits closest to the note, and the material that is merely referred to, or that is historical, sits furthest from it. Routine papers such as reminders and acknowledgements are excluded from the file altogether under para 6.6 (viii): \\\"They will be placed below the file in a separate cover and destroyed when they have served their purpose.\\\"<br><br> Box 6.1 adds a caution for the appendices: where they are not required to approve the proposal, they \\\"may be kept in safe custody by the Dealing Officer.\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 14,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"year\": \"2024\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding filing of papers:<br>1. Filing of papers means placing the Paper Under Consideration (PUC) in the correspondence portion and the notes in the note portion of the file.<br>2. Both the 'note portion' and the 'correspondence portion' are placed in a single file cover.<br>3. Routine receipts such as acknowledgements are required to be placed in the file.<br>4. In case of bulky files, separate file covers may be maintained for keeping appendix to notes and appendix to correspondence.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: C - 1, 2 and 4 only<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> <b>Statement 1 is correct.<\/b> Para 6.6 (i): \\\"<b>Filing of papers means placing the PUC and \/ or FRs in the correspondence portion and the notes in the note portion of the file.<\/b>\\\"<br><br> <b>Statement 2 is correct.<\/b> Para 6.6 (v): \\\"<b>Both the 'note portion' and the 'correspondence portion' are placed in a single file cover.<\/b>\\\"<br><br> <b>Statement 4 is correct.<\/b> Para 6.6 (ix): \\\"If the file is not bulky, appendix to notes and appendix to correspondence may be kept along with the respective note portion or correspondence portion of the main file\\\" - from which it follows that where the file <i>is<\/i> bulky, separate covers are maintained.<br><br> <b>Statement 3 is wrong.<\/b> Para 6.6 (viii): \\\"<b>Routine receipts and issues (e.g. reminders, acknowledgements) will not be allowed to clutter the file. They will be placed below the file in a separate cover and destroyed when they have served their purpose<\/b>, unless these have an audit or legal necessity, in which case they are to be filed chronologically in the correspondence portion.\\\"<br><br> The general rule is therefore exclusion, with a narrow exception for papers of audit or legal value. Box 6.1 keeps them out of the arrangement of papers as well, placing \\\"Routine notes and papers\\\" last of all and in a separate cover.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 15,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"year\": \"2025\",\n    \"question\": \"In the context of File Management System, consider the following statements regarding eFile:<br>1. eFile also comprises references, linked files and attached files.<br>2. In eFile, all electronic receipts including scanned copy of Fresh Receipts (FR) are uploaded.<br>3. For electronic files, the need for creating a new volume does not arise.<br>4. In eFile, only active files are available for linking.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: A - 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> <b>Note on this item:<\/b> statement 3 is, on the face of the Manual, <i>correct<\/i>. <b>Box e.6.3<\/b> provides in terms: \\\"<b>For electronic Files the need for creating a new volume does not arise.<\/b>\\\" The 150 to 200 page threshold in para 6.6 (x) applies only to physical files. On a strict reading the answer should therefore include statement 3; option A is the paper's key, and it is defensible only if statement 3 is read as going beyond what the question intends. <b>This is an item where the paper's own key should be treated with reserve.<\/b><br><br> <b>Statement 1 is correct.<\/b> Box e.6.1: an eFile \\\"comprises notes, correspondences and draft communication\\\" and also \\\"<b>references, linked files and attached files<\/b>\\\", linked files being those on which a decision is required and attached files those attached only for reference, as para 6.9 (ii) explains.<br><br> <b>Statement 2 is correct.<\/b> Box e.6.3: \\\"<b>In eFile, all electronic receipts including the scanned copy of the paper under consideration and fresh receipts are attached or uploaded.<\/b>\\\"<br><br> <b>Statement 4 is wrong.<\/b> Linking in eFile is not confined to active files; closed and recorded files may also be linked for reference, and the 2019-20 paper accepted as correct the proposition that \\\"The reference e-file, even if it is in use or circulation, can be linked with other e-files in 'read-only' mode.\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 16,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"year\": \"2025\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements in the context of transfer of files in the event of transfer of work from one Department\/Section to another:<br>1. The transferrer shall transfer all the related records of both current and closed files.<br>2. In the case of transfer of files from one Department to another, a list will be prepared and approval of Head of Department will be taken.<br>3. The Department\/Section taking over the records may reclassify or re-number the closed files transferred to it.<br>Which of the statement(s) given above is\/are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 only\",\n      \"2 only\",\n      \"1 and 2\",\n      \"2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: C - 1 and 2<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> <b>Statements 1 and 2 are correct.<\/b> Para 6.11 (i): \\\"In the event of transfer of work from one Department\/Section to another, <b>the transferring Department\/Section shall promptly transfer all related records, including files both current and closed.<\/b> In case of transfer of files from one Department to another, <b>a list will be prepared and approval of Head of Department will be taken.<\/b>\\\"<br><br> <b>Statement 3 is wrong<\/b> and reverses the rule. The same sub-paragraph provides: \\\"<b>The Department\/ Section taking over the records will not reclassify or renumber the closed files transferred to it.<\/b>\\\"<br><br> The reason is that a closed file's number is its permanent identifier - it appears in the file register, in the index and in every cross-reference made to it while it was current. Renumbering it on transfer would break every one of those references and defeat the retrieval system built by Chapter 10.<br><br> The position differs for <b>current<\/b> files, where the same sub-paragraph directs that \\\"the endeavor should be to close them at the earliest possible stage and to open new files according to the Department's\/ Section's own scheme of classification\\\" - so a live matter may be brought into the receiving Department's own numbering, but only by closing the old file and opening a new one, never by renumbering the old.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 17,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"year\": \"2025\",\n    \"question\": \"Under the file numbering system based on subject classification, a file has been assigned the file number 10\/8\/2008\/Estt. In this file number, what does the number '8' stand for?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Standard Subject head\",\n      \"Serial number of the file\",\n      \"Ownership of the file\",\n      \"Standard Subject sub-head\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: D - Standard Subject sub-head<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> As per para no. 6.2 (b) (i), a file number under the system based on subject classification \\\"normally has two or more file alpha-numeral parts that contains: <b>a. Subject code b. Sub-head code c. Serial number of the file opened d. Year in which the file is opened e. Ownership which is an abbreviated form identifying the section.<\/b>\\\"<br><br> Reading <b>10\/8\/2008\/Estt.<\/b> against that order: <b>10<\/b> is the subject code or standard subject head; <b>8<\/b> is the sub-head code, that is the standard subject <b>sub-head<\/b>; <b>2008<\/b> is the year in which the file was opened; and <b>Estt.<\/b> is the ownership, the abbreviated form identifying the Establishment Section.<br><br> Options A, B and C each name a different element of the same number, which is why the question turns on knowing the <i>order<\/i> of the elements rather than merely their names.<br><br> Para 6.2 records that this is one of two systems in use: \\\"a. Functional file numbering system; and b. File numbering based on subject classification or Conventional File Numbering System\\\", and <b>Box e.6.2<\/b> adds that \\\"efforts are to be made by each Department to move from the file numbering system based on subject classification to the functional file numbering system.\\\" Under the functional system the heads are basic, primary, secondary and tertiary, set out in Table 6.2 and Appendix 6.1.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 18,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"year\": \"2025\",\n    \"question\": \"In terms of the provisions of Central Secretariat Manual of Office Procedure 2022, which one of the following urgency gradings shall be used in cases requiring prompt attention?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"'Priority'\",\n      \"'Top Priority'\",\n      \"'Immediate'\",\n      \"'Most Immediate'\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: C - 'Immediate'<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> As per para no. 6.13 (i): \\\"The labels 'Immediate', 'Priority' and 'Top Priority' are advised to be used to indicate urgency. <b>The label 'Immediate' will be used only in cases requiring prompt attention.<\/b> Next in the order of urgency will be the label 'Priority' which will be used on cases which merit disposal in precedence to others of ordinary nature. 'Top Priority' label is to be applied in extremely urgent cases.\\\"<br><br> The words \\\"requiring prompt attention\\\" in the question are taken directly from the sub-paragraph and belong to 'Immediate' alone.<br><br> <b>Option D does not exist.<\/b> There are exactly three gradings advised by the Manual, and 'Most Immediate' is not among them - the 2019-20 paper tested the same list from the other side, offering the proposition that \\\"The only two urgency gradings authorized for use on cases are 'Immediate' and 'Priority'\\\", which fails for omitting 'Top Priority'.<br><br> Para 6.13 (ii) supplies an exception: \\\"Where Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha questions, motions, Bills are processed, separate specific file cover shall be used. Hence, it will not be necessary to use any other urgency grading.\\\" Para 6.13 (iii) adds that \\\"The grading of urgency assigned to a case will be reviewed by all concerned at different stages of its progress and where necessary, revised.\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 19,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"year\": \"2025\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements in the context of eFile management system:<br>1. In eFile, the system automatically numbers the e-pages in the Notes and the Correspondence portions in separate series.<br>2. The system facilitates marking a 'Receipt' in Correspondence as 'PUC' or 'FR'.<br>3. A number assigned to a 'PUC' can be changed subsequently.<br>4. In eFile, the system automatically flags the correspondence as 'PUC' or 'FR'.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 3\",\n      \"2 and 4\",\n      \"1 and 2\",\n      \"3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: C - 1 and 2<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> <b>Statements 1 and 2 are correct<\/b>, and reproduce <b>Box e.6.5<\/b>. The system numbers the electronic pages of the notes and correspondence portions in separate series automatically, which is the electronic counterpart of para 6.7 (i): \\\"Every page in each part of the file... will be consecutively numbered in separate series, in pen on the right top corner.\\\" The system also provides the facility of marking a receipt in correspondence as 'PUC' or 'FR'.<br><br> <b>Statement 3 is wrong.<\/b> Box e.6.5: \\\"<b>once a 'PUC' or 'FR' number is assigned, it cannot be changed. Therefore, each new 'PUC' or 'FR' will be assigned a fresh number.<\/b>\\\" The immutability of the number is what makes electronic referencing reliable.<br><br> <b>Statement 4 is wrong<\/b> because it converts a facility into an automatic act. The same Box provides: \\\"<b>In eFile, there is no need to flag correspondence as PUC or FR, as merely giving reference to the page number would suffice to track that reference.<\/b>\\\" The system does not flag automatically; flagging is simply unnecessary, since a page reference serves the purpose that a physical flag served.<br><br> The distinction between statements 2 and 4 is the point of the question - the system <i>facilitates<\/i> marking, but does not itself <i>flag<\/i>.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 20,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\n    \"question\": \"Category C files are retained normally for:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"3 years\",\n      \"5 years\",\n      \"10 years\",\n      \"15 years\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: C - 10 years<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> As per para no. 10.4 (iii): \\\"Category 'C' meaning 'keep for specified period only' - This category will include files of secondary importance having reference value for a limited period <b>not exceeding 10 years<\/b>. In exceptional cases, if the record is required to be retained beyond 10 years it will be upgraded to 'B' Category.\\\"<br><br> Para 10.9 (i) carries the same outer limit forward to the review stage: \\\"A category 'C' file will be reviewed on the expiry of the specified retention period and weeded out unless there are sufficient grounds warranting its further retention... Retention after a review will be for a period not exceeding 10 years, including the period already retained.\\\" The ten years is therefore an aggregate ceiling on the file's whole life, not a fresh lease on review.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 21,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\n    \"question\": \"Activity concerning recording, retention, retrieval and weeding out is known as:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"record management\",\n      \"indexing\",\n      \"categorization of records\",\n      \"storage of records\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: A - record management<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> As per para no. 10.1 (1): \\\"Activities involved in records management are: (1) <b>Records management covers the activities concerning mainly recording, retention, retrieval and weeding out.<\/b>\\\"<br><br> The question reproduces the four limbs of the definition in the same order as the paragraph. The other three options are individual stages within records management, not the whole: indexing is dealt with separately at para 10.6 (\\\"Files will be indexed at the time of their recording. Only those files which are categorised as 'A' &amp; 'B' will be indexed\\\"), and categorisation at para 10.4.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 22,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:<br>It is necessary to retain records<br>1. for historical value<br>2. for providing evidence in case of disputes<br>3. to ensure continuity in administration<br>4. to ensure proper use of tax-payers' money<br>Which of these statements is\/are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"3 and 4 only\",\n      \"2 only\",\n      \"1 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: D - 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> All four grounds are recognised by the record retention scheme of Chapter 10, read with Appendix 10.2.<br><br> <b>Historical value (statement 1)<\/b> - Appendix 10.2, Part B is headed \\\"Records of Historical importance\\\" and provides: \\\"Much of the material likely to be preserved for administrative purposes will be of interest for research purpose as well; but papers of the following categories should be specially considered as of value to historians.\\\" Para 10.4 (i) (b) accordingly places \\\"files of historical importance\\\" in Category 'A'.<br><br> <b>Evidence in disputes (statement 2)<\/b> - Appendix 10.2, Part A, item 1 lists \\\"Papers containing evidence of rights or obligations of or against the government, e.g., title to property, claims for compensation not subject to a time limit, formal instruments such as awards, schemes, orders, sanctions, etc.\\\"<br><br> <b>Continuity in administration (statement 3)<\/b> - Part A, item 4 lists \\\"Papers providing lasting precedents for important procedures\\\", and para 4.5 requires Sections to \\\"develop and institutionalize a 'person-independent' information system for retention of knowledge and its transfer to the successors.\\\"<br><br> <b>Proper use of tax-payers' money (statement 4)<\/b> - para 10.7 (i) (a) requires that in respect of records connected with accounts a department \\\"observe the instructions contained in Appendix 9 to the General Financial Rules, 2017\\\", the audit trail being the means by which expenditure is accounted for.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 23,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\n    \"question\": \"The Files obtained by a section from the Departmental Record Room should normally be returned within:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 month\",\n      \"3 months\",\n      \"15 days\",\n      \"6 months\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: D - 6 months<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> As per para no. 10.13 (ii): \\\"<b>Files obtained by a section from the departmental record room will normally be returned within 6 months.<\/b> If they are not received back within this period, the departmental record room will remind the section concerned. For this purpose, the record room will maintain a simple register for keeping a record of the files issued to the various sections each month. A similar register will be maintained by each section as a record of files borrowed from it by other sections.\\\"<br><br> This must be distinguished from the corresponding period for files obtained from outside the Department. Para 10.13 (iii) (c) provides: \\\"Files obtained by a department from the National Archives will not normally be retained for more than <b>a year<\/b> except with the latter's specific knowledge and consent.\\\" Six months for the departmental record room, one year for the National Archives - the two periods are routinely interchanged in the paper.<br><br> Para 10.13 (i) adds the gateway condition: \\\"No recorded file will be issued from the sections, Departmental Record Room or Archival records except against a signed requisition in form prescribed under Public Records Act, 1993\/Public Records Rules, 1997 in the case of Archival records.\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 24,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\n    \"question\": \"'Records Management' means which of the following activities?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Storage of Records\",\n      \"Categorization of Files\",\n      \"Indexing and Weeding of Files\",\n      \"Recording, retention, retrieval and weeding out of Files\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: D - Recording, retention, retrieval and weeding out of Files<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> As per para no. 10.1 (1): \\\"Activities involved in records management are: (1) <b>Records management covers the activities concerning mainly recording, retention, retrieval and weeding out.<\/b>\\\"<br><br> Option D reproduces all four limbs of the definition in the order in which the paragraph states them. Options A, B and C each name only a stage or two within records management, not the whole of it - categorisation is dealt with separately at para 10.4, indexing at para 10.6 (\\\"Files will be indexed at the time of their recording. Only those files which are categorised as 'A' &amp; 'B' will be indexed\\\"), and custody and storage at para 10.8.<br><br> Box 10.1 sets out the full life cycle of which these four are the core: creation of records, use of records, recording, retention of records, appraisal of records, review and weeding out, transfer to the Departmental Record Room, and transfer to the National Archives of India.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 25,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following are 'Recording' activities?<br>1. Removing routine papers<br>2. Categorizing the file<br>3. Indicating title on file under appropriate catchwords in their alphabetical order with a view to facilitate its location in the event of need<br>4. Stitching the file\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: C - 1, 2 and 4 only<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> Statements 1, 2 and 4 are all steps in the twelve-step recording procedure of para 10.5.<br><br> <b>Statement 2<\/b> - para 10.5 (i): \\\"indicate the appropriate category of record (Para 10.4) and in the case of category 'C', also specify the retention period and the year of review\/weeding\/destruction on the file cover... E.g. 'C\/5 - Destroy (or Review) 2\/2023 on a file cover of the file to be retained for 5 years from the date of closure in 2\/2018'. This is done after the Dealing Officer specifically obtained approval of the Section Officer\/Desk Officer.\\\"<br><br> <b>Statement 1<\/b> - para 10.5 (v): \\\"remove from the file all superfluous papers such as reminders, acknowledgements, routine slips, working-sheets, rough drafts, surplus copies, etc. and destroy them, unless they have audit or legal value.\\\"<br><br> <b>Statement 4<\/b> - para 10.5 provides for the file to be stitched as part of closing and recording it.<br><br> <b>Statement 3 is wrong<\/b> because it describes <b>indexing<\/b>, which is a distinct activity following recording, and which is confined to two of the three categories. Para 10.6 provides: \\\"Files will be indexed at the time of their recording. <b>Only those files which are categorised as 'A' &amp; 'B' will be indexed.<\/b>\\\" Since a category 'C' file is recorded but never indexed, indexing cannot be part of recording itself. Para 10.5 (iii) keeps them separate in terms: \\\"get the file indexed (Paras 10.6 &amp; 10.7) for Category 'A' &amp; 'B' files.\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 26,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements in the context of various stages of Records Management:<br>1. Exercise judicious control over the creation of records.<br>2. Maintenance of the records.<br>3. Modification of records in accordance with circumstantial requirements.<br>4. Weeding out of the records that have outlived their utility.<br>Which of the above statements are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: C - 1, 2 and 4 only<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> As per para no. 10.1 (1): \\\"<b>Records management covers the activities concerning mainly recording, retention, retrieval and weeding out.<\/b>\\\" Box 10.1 sets out the stages in full - creation of records, use of records, recording, retention, appraisal, review and weeding out, transfer to the Departmental Record Room and transfer to the National Archives of India.<br><br> <b>Statement 1 is correct<\/b>: control over creation is the first stage, and para 6.3 gives it operational effect - \\\"Normally, no new files will be opened for dealing with receipts of a purely routine nature (e.g. requests for supply of unclassified factual information, notices of holidays, miscellaneous circulars)\\\", such receipts being disposed of on the source paper or placed in a miscellaneous file destroyed at the end of the year. <b>Statement 2<\/b> corresponds to retention and custody under paras 10.7 and 10.8, and <b>statement 4<\/b> to weeding out under paras 10.9 to 10.11.<br><br> <b>Statement 3 is wrong.<\/b> There is no stage of \\\"modification\\\" of records. Once a file is closed and recorded it is preserved in the form in which it was closed, and the Manual protects that integrity elsewhere in terms - para 7.13 (ii): \\\"<b>Under no circumstances a note shall be pasted over or removed from the file.<\/b> In case of mistake in the note or disagreement with a previously recorded note a new note shall be recorded, keeping the previously recorded note on the file.\\\" A record is corrected by adding to it, never by altering it.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 27,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"year\": \"2016-17\",\n    \"question\": \"In the context of 'Categorization of Records', files required to be kept for at the most 25 years are endorsed as:<br>1. KEEP and MICROFILM<br>2. KEEP but DO NOT MICROFILM<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 only\",\n      \"2 only\",\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: C - Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> The two endorsements correspond to the two <i>permanent<\/i> categories, and files in both categories are retained for twenty-five years before being reviewed. As per para no. 10.4: \\\"(i) Category 'A' meaning '<b>Keep and microfilm<\/b>' - This category will cover files: (a) which registered an important policy decision taken; (b) files of historical importance... (ii) Category 'B' meaning '<b>Keep but do not microfilm<\/b>' - This category will include files required for permanent preservation for administrative purposes.\\\"<br><br> Para 10.9 (ii) fixes the twenty-five-year point for both: \\\"<b>Category 'A' and 'B' files will be reviewed on attaining 25th year of their life<\/b> in consultation with the National Archives of India and it will be seen whether they should be transferred to the National Archives of India.\\\"<br><br> Since the question asks which endorsements apply to files kept for at most twenty-five years before review, both category 'A' and category 'B' qualify, and the answer is \\\"Both 1 and 2\\\".<br><br> Category 'C' is excluded because it is not a permanent category at all - para 10.4 (iii): \\\"Category 'C' meaning 'keep for specified period only' - This category will include files of secondary importance having reference value for a limited period not exceeding 10 years.\\\" Note also para 10.4 (iv): \\\"eFiles are to be categorised in categories 'A' and 'C' only.\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 28,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\n    \"question\": \"In terms of the Manual of Office Procedure, the total number of categories in which the files may be recorded are:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Two \u2014 namely, current files and recorded files\",\n      \"Three \u2014 Categories 'A', 'B', 'C'\",\n      \"Four \u2014 Categories 'A', 'B', 'C' and e-files\",\n      \"Five \u2014 Categories 'A', 'B', 'C', current files and electronic files\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: B - Three \u2014 Categories 'A', 'B', 'C'<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> As per para no. 10.4: \\\"Categorisation of records: Files will be recorded under the following categories: (i) <b>Category 'A' meaning 'Keep and microfilm'<\/b> - This category will cover files: (a) which registered an important policy decision taken; (b) files of historical importance... (ii) <b>Category 'B' meaning 'Keep but do not microfilm'<\/b> - This category will include files required for permanent preservation for administrative purposes. (iii) <b>Category 'C' meaning 'keep for specified period only'<\/b> - This category will include files of secondary importance having reference value for a limited period not exceeding 10 years.\\\"<br><br> There are therefore three categories and no more. Options C and D fail because \\\"current files\\\" and \\\"e-files\\\" are not categories of recording at all - a current file is one still under action, and an eFile is a medium, not a category.<br><br> Para 10.4 (iv) makes the position of eFiles explicit: \\\"<b>eFiles are to be categorised in categories 'A' and 'C' only.<\/b>\\\" So far from being a fourth category, the eFile is confined to two of the existing three.<br><br> The 2021-22 paper tested the same point by offering \\\"Files can be recorded under any of the four categories 'A' to 'D'\\\", which is wrong for the same reason - there is no Category 'D'.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 29,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following statements in the context of Records Management is not correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Files can be recorded under any of the four categories 'A' to 'D'\",\n      \"The term 'keep and microfilm' refers to Category 'A' files\",\n      \"e-Files may be recorded under Categories 'A' and 'C'\",\n      \"Some files can be kept without microfilming them\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: A - Files can be recorded under any of the four categories 'A' to 'D'<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> Statement A is the incorrect one and is therefore the answer. <b>There is no Category 'D'.<\/b> As per para no. 10.4, files are recorded under three categories only: \\\"(i) <b>Category 'A' meaning 'Keep and microfilm'<\/b> - This category will cover files: (a) which registered an important policy decision taken; (b) files of historical importance... (ii) <b>Category 'B' meaning 'Keep but do not microfilm'<\/b> - This category will include files required for permanent preservation for administrative purposes. (iii) <b>Category 'C' meaning 'keep for specified period only'<\/b> - This category will include files of secondary importance having reference value for a limited period not exceeding 10 years.\\\"<br><br> The other three options are all correct on the face of that paragraph. Option B reproduces the description of Category 'A'; option D reflects Category 'B', which is kept permanently but not microfilmed; and option C reproduces para 10.4 (iv): \\\"<b>eFiles are to be categorised in categories 'A' and 'C' only.<\/b>\\\"<br><br> Note why 'B' is excluded for eFiles - microfilming is a preservation technique for paper, so the distinction between 'A' and 'B' loses its meaning in an electronic record, leaving only the permanent category and the time-limited one.<br><br> The 2018 paper tested the same point by asking the total number of categories, the answer there being three.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 30,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"year\": \"2023\",\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following Record Retention Schedules is applicable in the case of the records pertaining to the substantive items of work of a Department including the items of work handled by the Attached and Subordinate offices under the Department?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Appendix 9 of the General Financial Rules, 2017\",\n      \"Record retention schedule on the subject issued by the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances\",\n      \"Relevant Appendix of the Manual of Office Procedure\",\n      \"Retention schedule drafted by the Department and vetted by the National Archives of India\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: D - Retention schedule drafted by the Department and vetted by the National Archives of India<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> As per para no. 10.7 (i) (c), dealing with records connected with the <b>substantive<\/b> functions of a Department: such a Department \\\"will, <b>in consultation with the National Archives of India, prepare a retention schedule<\/b> for records connected with its substantive functions specifying the periods for which files dealing with specified subjects should be preserved.\\\"<br><br> The reason for involving the National Archives is that only the substantive records of a Department carry potential archival value; the housekeeping records common to every office do not, and are dealt with by centrally prescribed schedules.<br><br> That is why options A, B and C, though each names a genuine schedule, is the wrong one here. Para 10.7 (i) (a) directs that for records <b>connected with accounts<\/b> a department shall \\\"observe the instructions contained in Appendix 9 to the General Financial Rules, 2017\\\" - option A. Para 10.7 (i) (b) directs that for records relating to <b>establishment, personnel and housekeeping<\/b> matters common to all Departments, the schedule issued by DARPG is followed - option B. Appendix 10.10 of the Manual - option C - carries the retention periods for registers and other records of general application.<br><br> The distinction to hold is: accounts records to the GFR, common housekeeping records to the DARPG schedule, and <b>substantive records to a departmental schedule vetted by the National Archives<\/b>. Para 10.7 (ii) adds that all such schedules \\\"will be reviewed at least once in five years.\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 31,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"year\": \"2023\",\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statements regarding 'Review and Weeding of Records' are correct?<br>1. A category 'C' file will be reviewed on the expiry of the specified retention period and weeded out unless there are sufficient grounds warranting its further retention<br>2. Category 'A' files will be reviewed on attaining the 30th year of their life in consultation with the National Archives of India<br>3. The year of review of Category 'C' files will be calculated from the year of opening of the file<br>4. Retention of a Category 'C' file after a review will be for a period not exceeding 10 years, including the period already retained<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: B - 1 and 4 only<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> <b>Statements 1 and 4 are correct.<\/b> Para 10.9 (i): \\\"<b>A category 'C' file will be reviewed on the expiry of the specified retention period and weeded out unless there are sufficient grounds warranting its further retention<\/b>, in which case the specified retention period may be extended suitably. <b>Retention after a review will be for a period not exceeding 10 years, including the period already retained.<\/b>\\\"<br><br> The ten years in statement 4 is an aggregate ceiling on the file's whole life, not a fresh lease on review - the words \\\"including the period already retained\\\" are what make that clear.<br><br> <b>Statement 2 is wrong on the year.<\/b> Para 10.9 (ii): \\\"<b>Category 'A' and 'B' files will be reviewed on attaining 25th year of their life<\/b> in consultation with the National Archives of India and it will be seen whether they should be transferred to the National Archives of India.\\\" It is the twenty-fifth year, not the thirtieth.<br><br> <b>Statement 3 is wrong on the starting point.<\/b> The year of review of a category 'C' file is calculated from the year of <b>closing<\/b> of the file, not of its opening. This follows from para 10.5 (i), which requires the retention period to be endorsed on the file cover at the recording stage - \\\"E.g. 'C\/5 - Destroy (or Review) 2\/2023 on a file cover of the file to be retained for 5 years from the date of closure in 2\/2018'.\\\" The illustration counts five years from the date of <i>closure<\/i>.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 32,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"year\": \"2024\",\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statements in the context of review and weeding of records are correct?<br>1. Retention of a Category 'C' file after a review will be for a period not exceeding 10 years excluding the period already retained.<br>2. The year of review of Category 'C' files will be reckoned with reference to the year of their opening.<br>3. Category 'A' and Category 'B' files will be reviewed on attaining the 25th year of their life in consultation with the National Archives of India.<br>4. Records not falling within the definition of file such as orders will also be subject to periodic reviews at suitable intervals.<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 3\",\n      \"2 and 4\",\n      \"3 and 4\",\n      \"1 and 2\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: C - 3 and 4<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> <b>Statement 3 is correct.<\/b> Para 10.9 (ii): \\\"<b>Category 'A' and 'B' files will be reviewed on attaining 25th year of their life in consultation with the National Archives of India<\/b> and it will be seen whether they should be transferred to the National Archives of India.\\\"<br><br> <b>Statement 4 is correct.<\/b> Para 10.9 extends the review discipline beyond files: records not answering the definition of a file - such as orders, circulars and other documents - are also reviewed at suitable intervals, which is why Appendix 10.10 prescribes retention periods for registers and non-file records.<br><br> <b>Statement 1 is wrong on a single word.<\/b> Para 10.9 (i): \\\"Retention after a review will be for a period not exceeding 10 years, <b>including<\/b> the period already retained.\\\" The question says \\\"excluding\\\", which converts an aggregate ceiling on the file's whole life into a fresh ten-year lease on every review.<br><br> <b>Statement 2 is wrong on the starting point.<\/b> The year of review of a category 'C' file runs from the year of <b>closure<\/b>, not of opening. Para 10.5 (i) illustrates: \\\"'C\/5 - Destroy (or Review) 2\/2023 on a file cover of the file to be retained for 5 years <b>from the date of closure<\/b> in 2\/2018'.\\\"<br><br> The 2023 paper tested the same two errors in the same words - the paper reuses this pair.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 33,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"year\": \"2024\",\n    \"question\": \"In the context of retention schedule prescribed for records, match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:<br><b>List-I (Record Description)<\/b><br>A. File Register<br>B. Section Dispatch Register<br>C. Register of Parliament Assurances<br>D. Inspection reports<br><b>List-II (Retention period from date of closure)<\/b><br>1. One year after the Action Taken Note (ATN) on that report is accepted<br>2. Five years<br>3. Permanent<br>4. Three years\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3\",\n      \"A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3\",\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1\",\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Correct Answer: D - A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1<\/b><br><br> <b>Analysis of Statement:<\/b><br> The retention periods are prescribed by <b>Appendix 10.10<\/b>, the record retention schedule for records common to all Departments.<br><br> <b>A - File Register - Permanent (3).<\/b> The file register is the index to every file the section has ever opened; destroying it would make the recorded files unlocatable, so it is retained permanently. It is the register from which, under para 6.11 (ii), \\\"The file number and the subject will be obtained\\\" when a misplaced file has to be reconstructed.<br><br> <b>B - Section Dispatch Register - Three years (4).<\/b> A dispatch register serves only to evidence that a communication left the office, and three years is treated as sufficient for that purpose. Para 9.6 (iii) requires that \\\"The Section Officer is to scrutinize the Section dispatch register... once a week.\\\"<br><br> <b>C - Register of Parliamentary Assurances - Five years (2).<\/b> The register is kept well beyond the session because assurances may be pursued by the Committee on Government Assurances long after they were given.<br><br> <b>D - Inspection reports - One year after the ATN on that report is accepted (1).<\/b> The period is not fixed from closure but runs from acceptance of the Action Taken Note, since the report retains its utility until compliance has been accepted.\"\n  }\n];\n\nconst conceptQuestions = [\n  {\n    \"id\": 1,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"The responsibility for receiving, registering and distributing the dak meant for a Department rests with the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Central Registration Unit\",\n      \"Departmental Record Officer\",\n      \"Section Officer of the section concerned\",\n      \"personal staff of the Secretary\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Glossary, entry 8<\/b> \u2014 the Central Registration Unit 'means a unit within a Department assigned with the responsibility of receiving, registering and distributing dak meant for that Department and includes functionaries like resident clerk and night duty clerk.' <b>Para 5.1(i)<\/b> requires all dak, including that addressed by name, to be received in the CRU or the Information and Facilitation Counter.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 2,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"Dak bearing an urgency grading and addressed to a Minister or officer by name is, during office hours:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"received in the Central Registration Unit along with all other dak\",\n      \"sent through a special messenger directly to the addressee, to be received by him or his personal staff\",\n      \"opened by the Central Registration Unit and then forwarded to the addressee\",\n      \"held by the Central Registration Unit until the addressee sends for it\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.1(i)<\/b> \u2014 'dak with urgency grading addressed to the Ministers\/Officers by name is sent through special messenger directly to the addressee themselves; it will be received by them or their personal staff.' This is the exception to the general rule in the same clause that all dak is received in the CRU or IFC.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 3,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the receipt of dak addressed by name to an officer who is on leave, on tour, or has retired or been transferred:\\n1. The successor, the personal staff concerned, the link officer or the officer below him dealing with the subject will receive dak with urgency grading.\\n2. The exception to this is confidential letters.\\n3. Where none of these officers is in position, the Central Registration Unit will receive such letters.\\n4. Where the addressee is not available, immediate or important letters may be returned by the Department to the sender.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"Statement 4 is expressly forbidden by <b>Para 5.1(ii)<\/b>: 'In no case immediate and\/or important letters should be undelivered or returned by the Department.' Statements 1 to 3 reproduce the rest of the same clause, which builds a chain of substitutes precisely so that no letter is left undelivered.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 4,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"Outside office hours, dak marked 'immediate' and addressed by name is received:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"by the night duty clerk of the Department concerned\",\n      \"in the Central Registration Unit on the next working day\",\n      \"by the officer designated by the Ministry to receive such dak\",\n      \"by the addressee himself at his residence, he being normally informed in advance over telephone\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.1(iii)<\/b> \u2014 'Outside the office hours, dak will be received by the addressee himself at his residence if marked immediate and addressed by name. In such cases, the officer will normally be informed in advance over telephone about the dak being delivered at his residence.' Options (a) and (c) apply to all <i>other<\/i> cases under the same clause.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 5,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"Communications received through email in a Department are:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"downloaded centrally by a designated person, who forwards them to the Central Registry\",\n      \"acknowledged but not registered, being electronic communications\",\n      \"downloaded by the Central Registration Unit and printed for distribution\",\n      \"downloaded by each section for the subjects allotted to it\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.1(iv)<\/b> \u2014 such communications 'will be downloaded centrally by the Department by a designated person, who will forward the same to the Central Registry.' The same clause preserves the by-name exception: communications addressed to Ministers or officers 'will be downloaded by them or their personal staff.'\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 6,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"All covers received in the Central Registration Unit are opened by it except those:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"received from another Ministry or Department\",\n      \"addressed to Ministers or officers by name, or bearing a security grading\",\n      \"bearing an urgency grading\",\n      \"received outside office hours\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.2(ii)<\/b> \u2014 'All covers, except those addressed to Ministers\/Officers by name or those bearing a security grading, will be opened by the CRU\/IFC.' Urgency-graded dak is not exempt from opening; under clause (i) it is merely 'separated from other dak and dealt with first.'\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 7,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the scrutiny of dak:\\n1. Dak with an urgency grading is separated from other dak and dealt with first.\\n2. On opening dak, the Central Registration Unit checks the enclosures and indicates on the dak any item found missing.\\n3. All opened dak, as well as the covers of unopened classified dak, are date-stamped.\\n4. The entire dak is sorted out section-wise only, and not officer-wise.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"Statement 4 is incomplete and therefore wrong: <b>Para 5.2(v)<\/b> requires that 'The entire dak is sorted out section-wise and officer-wise (if addressed by name).' To make this possible, the CRU keeps an up-to-date list of the allocation of subjects to various sections and officers. Statements 1 to 3 reproduce clauses (i), (iii) and (iv).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 8,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"To facilitate the sorting of dak section-wise and officer-wise, the Central Registration Unit is required to keep:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"a copy of the file register of each section\",\n      \"a list of the standard heads of each section\",\n      \"a copy of the channel of submission prescribed for each category of case\",\n      \"an up-to-date list of the allocation of subjects to the various sections and officers\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.2(v)<\/b> \u2014 'To facilitate this, the CRU shall keep an up to date list of allocation of the subjects to various sections \/ officers issued by the Ministry \/ Department.' Without it, correct sorting at the entry point is impossible and the dispute machinery in <b>Para 5.9<\/b> is invoked more often than it need be.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 9,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"Dak is required to be registered at the entry level so as to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"maintain accountability of every paper received by the Department\",\n      \"enable the urgency grading to be assigned\",\n      \"enable the enclosures to be checked\",\n      \"fix the section to which the receipt is to be marked\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.3(i)<\/b> \u2014 'Dak should be registered at the entry level so as to maintain accountability of every paper received by the respective Department. CRU should be strengthened with resources for registration of dak at the entry level.' Accountability, not routing, is the stated object.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 10,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements in the context of registration of dak:\\n1. All dak without exception needs to be registered at the entry level in the Central Registration Unit.\\n2. Communications received from Members of Parliament are exempt, a separate register being maintained for watching their disposal.\\n3. Casual leave applications are not required to be registered at the entry level.\\n4. Copies of miscellaneous circulars circulated for general information are required to be registered at the entry level.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.3(ii)<\/b> opens with 'All dak need to be registered at the entry level except the following', so statement 1 is wrong. Sub-clause (e) exempts 'copies of miscellaneous circulars, office memoranda, extracts, etc., circulated by any section for general information', so statement 4 is wrong too. Statements 2 and 3 reproduce sub-clauses (b) and (d).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 11,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following are exempt from registration of dak at the entry level?\\n1. Receipts which, as a class, are adequately taken care of by a register specially devised for the purpose\\n2. Identical copies of representations, except the one received first\\n3. Notices of holidays and tour programmes circulated for general information\\n4. Any other categories of receipts which under Departmental instructions are not required to be registered\\nHow many of the above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Only one\",\n      \"Only two\",\n      \"All four\",\n      \"Only three\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.3(ii)(a), (c), (e) and (f)<\/b> exempt all four. Note the qualification on identical representations: the exemption does not apply 'unless directions \/ remarks are recorded by a senior officer', in which case even a duplicate copy must be registered.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 12,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"The receipt of dak, including files from other Departments, is acknowledged by the recipient by signing in the messenger book in ink in full, together with his name, date and designation, in every case except:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"classified dak\",\n      \"dak bearing an urgency grading\",\n      \"dak received through email\",\n      \"ordinary postal dak\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.4<\/b> \u2014 the acknowledgement requirement applies to all dak 'except ordinary postal dak'. The same paragraph adds that 'The dak received through emails should be acknowledged', so option (c) is the opposite of the position.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 13,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"Dak other than that bearing an urgency grading may be distributed at suitable intervals, the intervals indicated being:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"10.00 A.M., 1.00 P.M. and 3.00 P.M.\",\n      \"11.00 A.M., 1.00 P.M. and 5.00 P.M.\",\n      \"11.00 A.M., 2.00 P.M. and 4.00 P.M.\",\n      \"12.00 noon and 4.00 P.M.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.5(ii)<\/b> \u2014 'Other dak may be distributed at suitable intervals (i.e. 11.00 A.M., 2.00 P.M. and 4.00 P.M.).' Dak with an urgency grading is not held for these rounds; it 'is to be distributed as and when received.'\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 14,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the responsibilities of the official in charge of the Central Registration Unit:\\n1. As far as possible, sorting and registering of dak is completed on the day of its receipt.\\n2. Work that cannot be completed during the day is attended to by the night duty staff, without prejudice to the processing of Immediate or Priority dak.\\n3. The total number of receipts pending at the end of the day for sorting and registering is handed over to the night duty staff, whose full signatures are obtained in token of having taken custody.\\n4. Dak with an urgency grading received outside office hours is held until the next working day.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"Statement 4 reverses <b>Para 5.5(iii)<\/b>: such dak 'is to be sent to the sections concerned if there is staff on duty.' Statements 1 to 3 reproduce clause (ii)(a) to (c). The insistence on full signatures for the night handover mirrors the acknowledgement discipline in <b>Para 5.4<\/b>.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 15,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following are required to make extensive use of email for sending, distributing and receiving communications, with a carbon copy to the authorised officers and sections concerned?\\n1. Parliament Units\\n2. Budget Sections\\n3. Coordination Sections\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.5(iv)<\/b> names all three. The clause adds a practical requirement: while furnishing information on such references, 'senders must, apart from attaching pdf documents, attach the Word and Excel documents also to facilitate quicker compilation.'\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 16,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following which the Section Officer is required to do on receiving receipts:\\n1. Forward mis-sent receipts or emails directly to the section concerned\\n2. Separate those which should be seen by higher officers, under Departmental instructions or in his own discretion\\n3. Retain those of a difficult nature or having any special feature requiring his personal attention\\n4. Keep a note in his register of important receipts requiring prompt action or disposal by a specified date\\nHow many of the above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Only one\",\n      \"Only two\",\n      \"All four\",\n      \"Only three\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.6<\/b> \u2014 'On receiving the Receipts, the Section Officer will' do all four, in clauses (ii), (iii), (iv) and (vi). Clause (v) adds that other receipts are marked to the Dealing Officers with the urgency grading, deadline or directions on the line of action where necessary.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 17,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"Where a file is returned to a Department by another Ministry or Department, the Section Officer is required to submit it to the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Dealing Officer who initiated the case\",\n      \"Branch Officer of the section\",\n      \"officer who signed the Inter-Departmental note\",\n      \"officer who last noted on it\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.6(vii)<\/b> \u2014 the Section Officer will 'submit the file to the officer who last noted on it, if it is the one returned by other Ministry\/Department.' Submitting to the last noting officer ensures the reply is seen by whoever framed the reference.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 18,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the movement of receipts:\\n1. Manual receipts submitted to officers will move in pads conspicuously labelled as receipt pads.\\n2. The Section Officer keeps a careful watch on any hold up in the movement of receipts and takes action to expedite.\\n3. The Section will bring to his notice any receipt which is not received back from officers within three days.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"Statement 3 lengthens the period: <b>Para 5.7<\/b> requires the Section to bring to the Section Officer's notice 'any receipt which is not received back from officers within one day.' Statements 1 and 2 reproduce the same paragraph.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 19,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"Officers to whom receipts are submitted at the dak stage will:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"retain all receipts until a file is opened by the section\",\n      \"go through the receipts, initial them and return them to the Section Officer\",\n      \"mark all receipts directly to the Dealing Officers concerned\",\n      \"record a note on each receipt before returning it\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.8(i)<\/b> \u2014 such officers will 'go through the receipts, initial them and return them to the Section Officer.' Clause (ii) allows them to remove receipts they wish to process or dispose of at their own level, in which case the movement of those receipts is made by the personal staff.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 20,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"Where a section feels that it is not concerned with a mis-sent receipt forwarded to it, the matter is required to be brought to the notice of the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Central Registration Unit\",\n      \"head of the division concerned\",\n      \"Under Secretary so designated by the departmental instructions for deciding allocation of disputed receipts\",\n      \"Section Officer of the section which forwarded the receipt\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.9<\/b> \u2014 'it should be brought to the notice of the Under Secretary so designated by the departmental instructions for deciding allocation of disputed receipt.' Designating a single officer in advance is what allows the dispute to be settled within the tight periods prescribed by the same paragraph.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 21,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"A dispute regarding the allocation of a receipt is required to be settled within:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 working day, and within half a day where the receipt bears an urgency grading\",\n      \"2 working days, and within half a day where the receipt bears an urgency grading\",\n      \"3 working days, and within 1 working day where the receipt bears an urgency grading\",\n      \"5 working days, and within 2 working days where the receipt bears an urgency grading\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.9<\/b> \u2014 the designated officer 'will be responsible for the settlement of the dispute at the earliest within 2 working days from the date of receipt in the department, except that in case of disputed receipts with urgency grading, he\/she will decide within half-a-day.' Note that the two working days run from receipt in the Department, not from the date of the dispute.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 22,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"Among the general principles governing action on receipts, the objective stated for an officer disposing of cases is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"'minimum levels, maximum delegation'\",\n      \"'quality over quantity'\",\n      \"'first in, first out'\",\n      \"'speed with accuracy'\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.10(a)(iii)<\/b> \u2014 'an officer will aim at optimizing the quality as well as the quantity of work performed by him. The objective should be speed with accuracy.' The other principles in the same sub-para require paper work to be kept at an essential minimum and the least possible time to be taken for examination and disposal.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 23,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following steps which the Dealing Officer must take on receipts:\\n1. Go through the receipts and segregate them as per the urgency grading, dealing with urgency-graded receipts first\\n2. Check enclosures and, if any are found missing, initiate prompt action to obtain them\\n3. See whether any other section is concerned with any part or aspect of a receipt and if so send copies or relevant extracts to that section\\n4. Where necessary, attach a label indicating the urgency grading and the security grading appropriate to the case\\nHow many of the above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"All four\",\n      \"Only one\",\n      \"Only three\",\n      \"Only two\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.10(b)<\/b> \u2014 'The Dealing Officer must' do all four, in clauses (i) to (iv) and (xii). The full sequence in that sub-para runs from segregation by urgency through processing on a file, referencing, docketing and signing the note, to submission of the file as per the channel of submission.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 24,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"In locating and collecting other files or papers referred to in a receipt, the Dealing Officer is expected to use tools of knowledge management such as:\\n1. Standing guard files\\n2. The precedent book\\n3. The reference folder\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.10(b)(vii)<\/b> names all three \u2014 'standing guard files (Para 11.4), precedent book (Para 11.6), reference folder (Para 11.7), etc.' The clause is the operational link between the aids to processing in Chapter 11 and the day-to-day handling of a receipt.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 25,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding action on a receipt by the Section Officer:\\n1. He scrutinises the note of the Dealing Officer.\\n2. He disposes of routine cases, such as obtaining information for a draft reply to a Parliament question and sending reminders.\\n3. What constitutes 'routine cases' is specified by the Department in its Departmental instructions.\\n4. On return of the file he takes action such as issue of a communication or further examination.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"All four reproduce <b>Para 5.10(c)<\/b> and <b>(d)<\/b>. The Section Officer is also required by clause (c)(v) to 'Monitor the progress of the case to avoid delay', which connects this paragraph to the primary responsibility placed on him by <b>Para 12.1(i)<\/b>.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 26,\n    \"chapterNo\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 5: Management of Dak Receipts\",\n    \"question\": \"Where a Branch Officer or an officer above him does not agree with the views of the Section, he may:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"refer the case to the Under Secretary designated for disputed receipts\",\n      \"return the file for resubmission through the proper channel\",\n      \"record his disagreement and file the case\",\n      \"return the file with written advice, or record his own note and submit it to the competent authority\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.10(e)<\/b> \u2014 'If in agreement with the views of the Section, they will append the signature and submit the file to the competent authority. Else, they may (a) return the file with written advice or (b) record own note and submit to the competent authority.' Both alternatives keep the case moving rather than stalling it.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 27,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Part of a file)\\nA. Correspondence portion\\nB. Notes portion\\nC. Appendix to correspondence portion\\nD. Appendix to notes portion\\nList-II (What it contains)\\n1. The process sheet, that is, how the decision was taken on a case\\n2. A summary or statement of detailed information whose inclusion in the main note would obscure the main point\\n3. Incoming written communications that are inputs to take a decision, and office copies of communications sent\\n4. Lengthy enclosures to a communication which would obstruct smooth reading of the correspondence\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2\",\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2\",\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4\",\n      \"A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.1<\/b> defines a file as 'a folder consisting of related papers on a specific subject', made up of these four parts in clauses (i) to (iv). The distinction between the two appendices turns on which portion would otherwise become unwieldy \u2014 the correspondence portion in the case of lengthy enclosures, and the main note in the case of detailed summaries.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 28,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding an eFile:\\n1. It comprises notes, correspondences and draft communication.\\n2. It comprises references, linked files and attached files.\\n3. In eFile, all electronic receipts including the scanned copy of the paper under consideration and fresh receipts are attached or uploaded.\\n4. For electronic files, a new volume must be created once the file exceeds 200 pages.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"Statement 4 reverses <b>Box e.6.3<\/b>: 'For electronic Files the need for creating a new volume does not arise.' The 150 to 200 page threshold in <b>Para 6.6(x)<\/b> applies only to physical files, which are stitched and marked 'Volume I'. Statements 1 to 3 reproduce <b>Box e.6.1<\/b> and <b>Box e.6.3<\/b>.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 29,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"The expression 'File Management System' has two connotations, namely the manner in which:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"files are opened and the manner in which they are recorded\",\n      \"files are moved and the manner in which their movement is recorded\",\n      \"the file number is given and the manner in which papers are filed\",\n      \"files are linked and the manner in which they are attached\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.2<\/b> \u2014 'It has two connotations: (i) The manner in which file number is given; and (ii) The manner in which papers are filed.' The paragraph adds that 'A proper file numbering system is essential for convenient identification, sorting, storage and retrieval of papers.'\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 30,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"The two file numbering systems now in use in the Central Secretariat are the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"electronic file numbering system and the manual file numbering system\",\n      \"alphabetical file numbering system and the chronological file numbering system\",\n      \"basic head system and the primary head system\",\n      \"functional file numbering system and the file numbering system based on subject classification\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.2<\/b> names 'a. Functional file numbering system; and b. File numbering based on subject classification or Conventional File Numbering System.' <b>Box e.6.2<\/b> adds that 'efforts are to be made by each Department to move from the file numbering system based on subject classification to the functional file numbering system.'\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 31,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Common office function code)\\nA. C\\nB. E\\nC. G\\nD. I\\nList-II (Function)\\n1. Hindi\\n2. RTI matters\\n3. Vigilance\\n4. Finance, budget, cash and accounts\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2\",\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2\",\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2\",\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Table 6.1<\/b>, headed 'Common office function codes', assigns A-Establishment, B-Welfare, C-Vigilance, D-Common office services, E-Hindi, F-Public relations, G-Finance, budget, cash and accounts, H-Parliament matters and I-RTI matters. These nine codes cover functions common to all Ministries and were developed by the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 32,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Head in the functional file numbering system)\\nA. Basic head\\nB. Primary head\\nC. Secondary head\\nD. Tertiary head\\nList-II (What it identifies)\\n1. The main activities under a function, identified by appropriate subject headings\\n2. The various known factors into which a sub-subject is broken down\\n3. The basic functions of the department\\n4. The sub-subjects or aspects into which a main activity is divided\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2\",\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2\",\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2\",\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Table 6.2<\/b> read with <b>Appendix 6.1<\/b> sets out this descending sequence. The examples given for basic heads are 'labour relations', 'foreigners' and 'fertilizers' in the case of a Department's substantive functions, alongside the lettered codes for common office functions.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 33,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Under the file numbering system based on subject classification, a file has been assigned the number 10\/8\/2008\/Estt. In this file number, the figure '8' stands for the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"standard subject head\",\n      \"ownership of the file\",\n      \"standard subject sub-head\",\n      \"serial number of the file opened\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.2(b)(i)<\/b> \u2014 a file number under this system 'normally has two or more file alpha-numeral parts that contains: a. Subject code b. Sub-head code c. Serial number of the file opened d. Year in which the file is opened e. Ownership which is an abbreviated form identifying the section.' Reading 10\/8\/2008\/Estt. in that order, '10' is the subject code, '8' the sub-head code, 2008 the year and 'Estt.' the ownership.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 34,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the identification of heads under a functional file index:\\n1. Where the number of basic heads is large, each may be identified by a group of 2 to 3 letters phonetically selected.\\n2. Where the number of basic heads is small, not exceeding 10, they may be identified by assigning consecutive Roman numerals.\\n3. Primary heads are each identified by a group of 2-digit Arabic numerals beginning with 11 and continuing up to 99.\\n4. The first two places in the list of secondary heads under each subject are uniformly reserved for 'general' and 'policy' matters.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"All four reproduce <b>Appendix 6.1, items 7, 8 and 9<\/b>. The illustration given for phonetic selection is agriculture, where the basic heads 'fertilizers', 'seeds' and 'plant protection' are symbolised as 'Fert', 'Sd' and 'Ppn'.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 35,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding instances where files need not be opened:\\n1. Normally no new file is opened for dealing with receipts of a purely routine nature, such as requests for supply of unclassified factual information or notices of holidays.\\n2. Such receipts may be disposed of straightaway by noting the reply on the source receipts and returning them to the originators.\\n3. Receipts unlikely to generate further correspondence may be placed in a miscellaneous file to be destroyed at the end of the year.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"All three reproduce <b>Para 6.3(i) to (iii)<\/b>. Such receipts may alternatively be 'placed in the folder of circulars, etc., if any, on the subject', and the paragraph permits Departmental instructions to be issued on the matter.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 36,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Filing of papers means placing the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"paper under consideration in the note portion and the notes in the correspondence portion\",\n      \"paper under consideration and fresh receipts in the correspondence portion, and the notes in the note portion of the file\",\n      \"correspondence and the notes in two separate file covers\",\n      \"receipts in chronological order with the latest at the top\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.6(i)<\/b> \u2014 'Filing of papers means placing the PUC and \/ or FRs in the correspondence portion and the notes in the note portion of the file.' Clause (v) adds that both portions are nevertheless 'placed in a single file cover', which is why option (c) is wrong.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 37,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Papers required to be filed are punched on the left hand top corner and tagged onto the appropriate part of the file:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"in the order in which they are received in the section, irrespective of date\",\n      \"in chronological order, top to bottom, with the latest reference at the top and the oldest at the bottom\",\n      \"in chronological order, top to bottom, with the oldest reference at the top and the latest at the bottom\",\n      \"grouped by the officer to whom they were marked\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.6(ii)<\/b> \u2014 papers are tagged 'in chronological order, top to bottom with the oldest reference at the top and the latest at the bottom.' The punching leaves one inch each on the top and left corner. Clause (iii) applies the same logic to pagination: page 1 at the top, the last page at the bottom.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 38,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Where the latest paper under consideration or fresh receipt is kept on top for quick access by senior officers, it must be ensured that:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"it is exempted from page numbering until it is transferred to its proper place\",\n      \"the fact is recorded in the file movement register\",\n      \"a copy is retained at the bottom of the correspondence portion in its chronological place\",\n      \"each such paper is page numbered, referenced and docketed, and is transferred to the bottom of the correspondence portion after action is decided\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.6(iv)<\/b> \u2014 'it must be ensured that each such PUC and \/ or FR(s) is page numbered and referenced and docketed. After action thereon is decided, these PUC and \/ or FR(s) along with copy of the outgoing communication, if any, must be transferred to the bottom of the correspondence portion to ensure chronological sequence.' The departure from chronology is temporary only.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 39,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"A 50 page report is received as an enclosure to a demi-official letter. Which one of the following statements regarding the filing of these papers is not correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"The report is to be kept in the appendix to notes portion, being a lengthy statement\",\n      \"The demi-official letter is filed in the correspondence portion\",\n      \"The report is to be kept in the appendix to correspondence portion\",\n      \"An indication is given in the demi-official letter that the report is kept in the appendix to correspondence portion\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.6(vii)<\/b> uses this very illustration \u2014 'a 50 page report is received with a demi-official letter as an enclosure' \u2014 and places the report in the appendix to <i>correspondence<\/i>, the appendix to notes being reserved for summaries and statements concerning the question discussed on the file. The clause adds that on the first page of the report, the details of the D.O. letter and its page reference must be given.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 40,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the filing of papers:\\n1. Both the 'note portion' and the 'correspondence portion' are placed in a single file cover.\\n2. Earlier communications referred to as the receipt or the issue are indicated in red ink by giving the position of these references on the file.\\n3. Routine receipts and issues such as reminders and acknowledgements are required to be placed in the file in chronological order.\\n4. If the file is not bulky, appendix to notes and appendix to correspondence may be kept along with the respective note portion or correspondence portion of the main file.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"Statement 3 reverses <b>Para 6.6(viii)<\/b>: such receipts 'will not be allowed to clutter the file. They will be placed below the file in a separate cover and destroyed when they have served their purpose, unless these have an audit or legal necessity, in which case they are to be filed chronologically in the correspondence portion.' Statements 1, 2 and 4 reproduce clauses (v), (vi) and (ix).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 41,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"In placing the notes portion and the correspondence portion in a single file cover, the tagging is done as follows:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"both tags are tagged onto the left side of the file cover\",\n      \"the right end of the tag in the note portion is tagged to the right side of the cover, and the left side of the tag in the correspondence portion to the left side\",\n      \"the left end of the tag in the note portion is tagged to the left side of the cover, and the right side of the tag in the correspondence portion to the right side of the same cover\",\n      \"both portions are tagged together at the centre of the file cover\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.6(v)<\/b> \u2014 'Left end of tag in the note portion will be tagged on to the left side of the file cover and right end of the tag will remain as such i.e. untagged. In the case of correspondence portion, right side of the tag will be tagged onto the right side of the same file cover and left side of the tag will remain as such.' Option (c) simply reverses the two sides.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 42,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"To facilitate easy handling, a physical file is stitched and marked 'Volume I' when the notes plus the correspondence portion become bulky, the indicative threshold being:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"50 to 100 pages\",\n      \"100 to 150 pages\",\n      \"150 to 200 pages\",\n      \"200 to 250 pages\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.6(x)<\/b> \u2014 this is done when the portions 'become bulky (say exceed 150-200 pages)'. Clause (xi) adds that in Volume II and later volumes, page numbering in the notes and correspondence portions continues from the last page number of the earlier volume rather than starting afresh.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 43,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"In Volume II and subsequent volumes of the same file, the page numbering in the notes and correspondence portions is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"started afresh from page 1 in each volume\",\n      \"dispensed with, the volume number alone being used for reference\",\n      \"made in a single continuous series covering both portions together\",\n      \"made in continuity of the last page number of the corresponding portion of the earlier volume\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.6(xi)<\/b> \u2014 'page numbering in notes portion and correspondence portion is to be made in continuity of the last page number in note portion\/correspondence portion of the earlier volume.' Continuity is preserved separately within each portion, since <b>Para 6.7(i)<\/b> requires each part to be numbered in its own series.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 44,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Arrange the following in the correct order in which papers in a case are to be arranged in a file, from top downwards:\\n1. Correspondence portion of the current file ending with the latest receipt or issue\\n2. Notes portion of the current file ending with the note for consideration\\n3. Acts, Rules, Instructions or Reference books\\n4. Draft for approval, if any\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"3 - 2 - 4 - 1\",\n      \"2 - 3 - 4 - 1\",\n      \"3 - 4 - 2 - 1\",\n      \"3 - 2 - 1 - 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Box 6.1<\/b> \u2014 'The papers in a case will be arranged in the following order from top downwards': Acts, Rules, Instructions or Reference books; notes portion ending with the note for consideration; draft for approval; correspondence portion ending with the latest receipt, issue or running summary of facts. The reference material sits at the very top so that it is to hand when the note is read.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 45,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Arrange the following in the correct order in which they are placed in a file, from top downwards:\\n1. Recorded files, if any, arranged in chronological order with the latest on top\\n2. Appendix to notes and correspondence, if required to approve the proposal\\n3. Standing Guard File, Precedent Book or Reference Folder, if any\\n4. Other papers referred to, such as extracts of notes from other files and copies of orders\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"2 - 4 - 3 - 1\",\n      \"2 - 3 - 4 - 1\",\n      \"3 - 2 - 4 - 1\",\n      \"2 - 3 - 1 - 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Box 6.1<\/b>, items 5 to 8 \u2014 'Appendix to notes and correspondence, if required to approve the proposal' comes first, then the Standing Guard File, Precedent Book or Reference Folder, then other papers referred to, and then recorded files. Routine notes and papers come last of all, in a separate cover. Where the appendices are not required to approve the proposal, they may be kept in safe custody by the Dealing Officer.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 46,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding referencing of files:\\n1. Every page in each part of the file is consecutively numbered in separate series, in pencil.\\n2. Blank intervening pages, if any, are not numbered.\\n3. Each item of correspondence, whether receipt or issue, is assigned a number displayed prominently in red ink at the top middle of its first page.\\n4. When recorded files are put up with the current file, multiple alphabetical slips may be attached to each recorded file for quick identification.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"Statement 1 alters a single word: <b>Para 6.7(i)<\/b> requires numbering 'in pen on the right top corner', not in pencil. Statement 4 reverses <b>Para 6.7(iv)<\/b>: 'Only one alphabetical slip will be attached to a recorded file or compilation.' Statements 2 and 3 reproduce clauses (i) and (ii).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 47,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"In the context of referencing, 'PUC' indicates the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Proposal under consideration\",\n      \"Proceedings under compilation\",\n      \"Papers under circulation\",\n      \"Paper under consideration\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Glossary, entry 40<\/b> \u2014 'Paper under consideration (PUC) means a receipt on a case, the consideration of which is the subject matter of the case.' <b>Para 6.7(iii)<\/b> requires the paper under consideration to be flagged 'PUC' and the latest fresh receipt noted upon to be flagged 'FR'.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 48,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the flagging of papers on a file:\\n1. Where there is more than one fresh receipt, they are flagged separately as 'FR I', 'FR II' and so on.\\n2. There can be more than one paper under consideration in a file.\\n3. While flagging 'PUC' or 'FR', the relevant page numbers must invariably be quoted in the margin.\\n4. Other papers in a current file referred to in the notes may be flagged as Flag A, Flag B and so on.\\nHow many of the above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"All four\",\n      \"Only two\",\n      \"Only three\",\n      \"Only one\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.7(iii)<\/b> supports all four. The requirement to quote page numbers in the margin exists because flags are removed later \u2014 the clause adds that page numbers 'must be given in the margin for future reference, after the flags are removed.'\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 49,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Where Rules or other compilations referred to in a case are not put up because copies are expected to be available with the officers to whom the case is submitted, that fact is indicated:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"in the body of the note, in red ink\",\n      \"in the margin of the notes, in pencil, as 'Not put up'\",\n      \"on the file cover, below the file number\",\n      \"by an alphabetical slip attached to the note sheet\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.7(vi)<\/b> \u2014 'The fact of such compilations not having been put up will be indicated in the margin of the notes in pencil as Not put up.' Pencil is used here precisely because the position may change if the officer later calls for the compilation.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 50,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Where a number of papers put up in a case are to be flagged, the slips are required to be:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"attached one below the other at the top edge of the file\",\n      \"attached to the front side of the papers sought to be flagged\",\n      \"spread over the entire width of the file so that every slip is easily visible\",\n      \"numbered serially and listed on the file cover\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.7(vii)<\/b> \u2014 'When a number of papers put up in a case are to be flagged, the slips will be spread over the entire width of the file so that every slip is easily visible.' The same clause requires that a flag 'will be pinned or stuck neatly on the backside of the papers sought to be flagged', which is why option (c) is wrong.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 51,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"'Docketing' means making entries in the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"file movement register about the movement of a file between officers\",\n      \"file register about the files opened during a calendar year\",\n      \"correspondence portion about the page numbers of the notes referring to each receipt\",\n      \"notes portion of a file about the serial number assigned to each item of correspondence for its identification\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.8(i)<\/b> and <b>Glossary, entry 24<\/b> agree: docketing 'means making of entries in the notes portion of a file about the serial number assigned to each item of correspondence (whether receipt or issue) for its identification.' The paragraph adds that where the Branch Officer or a higher officer has made a remark on the receipt, it is reproduced before recording the note.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 52,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements in the context of the eFile management system:\\n1. The system automatically numbers the e-pages in the notes and the correspondence portions in separate series.\\n2. The system facilitates marking a receipt in correspondence as 'PUC' or 'FR'.\\n3. A number once assigned to a 'PUC' or 'FR' can be changed subsequently.\\n4. In eFile, the system automatically flags the correspondence as 'PUC' or 'FR'.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"2 and 4 only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Box e.6.5<\/b> \u2014 'once a \\\"PUC\\\" or \\\"FR\\\" number is assigned, it cannot be changed. Therefore, each new \\\"PUC\\\" or \\\"FR\\\" will be assigned a fresh number', which disposes of statement 3. The same Box states that 'In eFile, there is no need to flag correspondence as PUC or FR, as merely giving reference to the page number would suffice', which disposes of statement 4.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 53,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following statements regarding docketing in eFile is not correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"There is a provision for the Minister or senior officer to record comments on the receipt in the 'Remarks' field\",\n      \"The recording of comments in the 'Remarks' field is done after adding the receipt in the eFile\",\n      \"The remarks are reproduced by typing them on the notes portion and hyper-linking the relevant correspondence page number\",\n      \"The system does not assign a serial number for docketing, as is done in the manual system\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Box e.6.5, item 3(a)<\/b> \u2014 'This process is done before adding the \\\"Receipt\\\" in the eFile', not after. The sequence matters, since the remark has to travel with the receipt when it is brought on to the file. The other statements reproduce items 3(a) and 3(b) of the same Box.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 54,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"The distinction between a linked file and an attached file is that a:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"linked file is a closed file, while an attached file is a current file\",\n      \"linked file is attached only for reference purposes, while a decision is required on an attached file\",\n      \"linked file is one on which a decision is required, while an attached file is attached only for reference purposes\",\n      \"linked file belongs to the same section, while an attached file belongs to another section\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.9(ii)<\/b> \u2014 'Attaching a file is different from linking file(s). Linked file(s) is\/are file(s) where decision is required; while an attached file is a file which is attached only for reference purposes.' <b>Box e.6.1<\/b> preserves the same distinction in eFile, listing linked files as actionable and attached files as for reference.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 55,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the linking of files:\\n1. Files are linked where the issues raised in two or more current files are so inter-connected that they must be dealt with together simultaneously.\\n2. Linking may also be resorted to where a paper on one current file is required for reference in dealing with another current file, unless a copy of the paper can conveniently be placed on the first file.\\n3. The linked files are to be stacked one above the other and displayed by placing a slip on the flap on the file board.\\n4. On return of the file after completion of action, the linked and attached files are delinked at the time of recording the main file.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"Statement 4 delays what must be immediate: <b>Para 6.9(4)<\/b> requires that 'On return of the file after completion of action, the linked and the attached files will be immediately delinked after taking relevant extracts and placing the extracts in linked files.' Statements 1 to 3 reproduce clauses (i), (ii) and (iii).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 56,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"A part file on a subject is opened to deal with a case where:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the main file is not likely to be available for some time and a fresh receipt or note has to be processed without waiting for its return\",\n      \"the file has exceeded the prescribed number of pages and a new volume is required\",\n      \"the subject involves classified or sensitive matters\",\n      \"the main file has been lost and has to be reconstructed\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.10(i)<\/b> \u2014 'If the main file on a subject is not likely to be available for some time and it is necessary to process a fresh receipt or a note without waiting for its return, a part file may be opened to deal with it. This device may also be resorted to where it is desired to consult simultaneously two or more sections or officers.' Reconstruction of a misplaced file is dealt with separately by <b>Para 6.11(ii)<\/b>.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 57,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding a part file:\\n1. It will normally consist of the receipt dealt with and the notes relating thereto.\\n2. Where two or more part files are opened, each is identified by a distinct number such as (PF-1), (PF-2) and so on.\\n3. It is merged with the main file by the Section Officer at the time of recording the main file.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"Statement 3 is wrong on both the functionary and the timing: <b>Para 6.10(iv)<\/b> requires that 'A part file shall be merged with the main file by the Dealing Officer immediately when the main file and the part file are returned to the Section, after giving fresh referencing.' Statements 1 and 2 reproduce clauses (ii) and (iii).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 58,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"In eFile, a part file:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"is merged with the main file in the same manner as a physical part file\",\n      \"may be opened only by the officer who created the main file\",\n      \"is attached as a separate entity, the respective part files being subsequently closed\",\n      \"cannot be opened, the main file being available electronically at all times\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Box e.6.7<\/b> \u2014 'Unlike the merger of physical files, in eFile, part file is attached as separate entity and subsequently the respective part files are closed.' The same Box provides that a part file may be opened against a main file 'by any user if he\/she is in the channel of submission of that file'.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 59,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements in the context of the transfer of files where work is transferred from one Department or Section to another:\\n1. The transferring Department shall promptly transfer all related records, including files both current and closed.\\n2. In the case of transfer of files from one Department to another, a list will be prepared and the approval of the Head of Department taken.\\n3. The Department or Section taking over the records may reclassify or renumber the closed files transferred to it.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\n      \"1 and 2 only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"Statement 3 reverses <b>Para 6.11(i)<\/b>: 'The Department\/ Section taking over the records will not reclassify or renumber the closed files transferred to it.' The position differs for current files, where 'the endeavor should be to close them at the earliest possible stage and to open new files according to the Department's\/ Section's own scheme of classification.'\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 60,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following steps in the reconstruction of a misplaced file:\\n1. The file number and the subject are obtained from the file register.\\n2. Copies of correspondence are sought from the corresponding Department.\\n3. The papers received are arranged in chronological order on the file.\\n4. A self-contained note is prepared on the basis of the copies of correspondence and placed on the notes portion of the reconstructed file.\\nHow many of the above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"All four\",\n      \"Only two\",\n      \"Only three\",\n      \"Only one\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.11(ii)<\/b> \u2014 'A file will be reconstructed if it is misplaced' \u2014 and prescribes all four steps in this sequence. The self-contained note serves the same purpose here as under <b>Para 7.2(viii)<\/b> \u2014 it supplies at one place the history that the lost notes portion would otherwise have carried.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 61,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Where current files are linked, the movement of the linked files is marked:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"only in the space allotted for the file with which they are linked\",\n      \"in the space allotted for the file with which they are linked and also individually in the space allotted for each of the linked files\",\n      \"only individually, in the space allotted for each of the linked files\",\n      \"in the remarks column of the section register\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.12(ii)<\/b> requires the movement to be marked in both places. The treatment differs from that of recorded files put up with a file, whose movement under clause (iii) is marked only 'in the space allotted in the file movement register for the file with which these are put up.'\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 62,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the movement of files and other papers:\\n1. Movement of files received from other departments which have not been brought on to a file in the receiving section is noted in the remarks column of the section register.\\n2. No current file will be issued to other sections except against a written requisition and after marking its movement in the file movement register.\\n3. Files marked by the Under Secretary to other officers or departments are sent directly, without routing through the section.\\n4. Where files are handed over personally by the Under Secretary to other officers, he informs the Section Officer, who ensures that the movement is marked in the file movement register.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"Statement 3 reverses <b>Para 6.12(vi)<\/b>: such files 'will be routed through the section for noting their movement.' Statements 1, 2 and 4 reproduce clauses (iv), (v) and (vii). The common thread is that no movement may go unrecorded, whatever the level at which it takes place.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 63,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"The movement of papers received by officers is maintained in the respective personal section register by the personal staff of officers of the rank of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Under Secretary and above\",\n      \"Deputy Secretary and above\",\n      \"Director and above\",\n      \"Joint Secretary and above\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.12(viii)<\/b> \u2014 'The personal staff of officers of the rank of Deputy Secretary and above will maintain the movement of papers received by their officers in the respective personal section register.' The movement of any file handed over personally to a higher officer or to the Minister is similarly noted by the personal staff.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 64,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"In eFile, where a physical receipt or file is sent using the system:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the movement is recorded automatically, no further action being needed\",\n      \"the movement need not be recorded, the physical acknowledgement being sufficient\",\n      \"the movement is recorded only in the file movement register maintained manually\",\n      \"the user must ensure that the physical receipt or file is actually sent along with a movement entry made in the system, and the receiver must acknowledge receiving it in the system as well\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Box e.6.9<\/b> \u2014 automatic recording applies only to an electronic file or receipt. Where a physical item is sent using eFile, 'the user has to make sure that the physical receipt or file is actually sent along with a movement entry made in the system. The receiver has to acknowledge the receiving of the receipt or the file in the system as well.'\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 65,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"The urgency grading to be used in cases requiring prompt attention is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"'Immediate'\",\n      \"'Priority'\",\n      \"'Top Priority'\",\n      \"'Most Immediate'\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.13(i)<\/b> \u2014 'The label Immediate will be used only in cases requiring prompt attention.' 'Priority' is used for cases meriting disposal in precedence to others of an ordinary nature, and 'Top Priority' is applied in extremely urgent cases. 'Most Immediate' is not among the three gradings advised.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 66,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Urgency grading or label)\\nA. Immediate\\nB. Priority\\nC. Top Priority\\nD. VIP\\nList-II (When used)\\n1. In extremely urgent cases\\n2. For Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha matters in eFile\\n3. Only in cases requiring prompt attention\\n4. For cases which merit disposal in precedence to others of an ordinary nature\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2\",\n      \"A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2\",\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2\",\n      \"A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.13(i)<\/b> defines the first three gradings in these terms, and <b>Box e.6.10<\/b> adds that in eFile the 'Label \\\"VIP\\\" is used for the Rajya Sabha\/Lok Sabha matters.' The three gradings advised by the Manual are Immediate, Priority and Top Priority.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 67,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Where Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha questions, motions and Bills are processed:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the urgency grading 'Top Priority' shall invariably be used\",\n      \"a separate specific file cover shall be used, and it will not be necessary to use any other urgency grading\",\n      \"the file shall be marked to the Parliament Unit without any urgency grading\",\n      \"the urgency grading 'Immediate' shall be used and reviewed at every stage\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.13(ii)<\/b> \u2014 'Where Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha questions, motions, Bills are processed, separate specific file cover shall be used. Hence, it will not be necessary to use any other urgency grading.' The distinctive cover performs the function that a grading would otherwise perform.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 68,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"The grading of urgency assigned to a case is required to be:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"fixed at the outset by the Section Officer and not altered thereafter\",\n      \"reviewed only by the officer who assigned it\",\n      \"reviewed by all concerned at different stages of its progress and, where necessary, revised\",\n      \"reviewed only where the case is proposed to be referred to another Department\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.13(iii)<\/b> \u2014 'The grading of urgency assigned to a case will be reviewed by all concerned at different stages of its progress and where necessary, revised. This is particularly important for cases proposed to be referred to other departments.' Referral to another Department makes review particularly important, but does not confine the duty to that situation.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 69,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following statements regarding the file management system is not correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A record of files opened during a calendar year is kept in a file register maintained by the Section\",\n      \"Movements of files are made in a file movement register\",\n      \"Where the main file is not available for some time, a part file may be opened to process a fresh receipt\",\n      \"A file misplaced by a Section is reconstructed by opening a fresh file with a new file number\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.11(ii)<\/b> \u2014 on reconstruction 'The file number and the subject will be obtained from the file register', so the original number is retained rather than a new one assigned. The other statements reproduce <b>Paras 6.4, 6.5 and 6.10(i)<\/b>.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 70,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Act)\\nA. Merging a part file with the main file after giving fresh referencing\\nB. Deciding the allocation of a disputed receipt\\nC. Approval of the list prepared for transfer of files from one Department to another\\nD. Maintaining the record of files opened during a calendar year\\nList-II (Functionary)\\n1. The Section\\n2. Head of Department\\n3. Dealing Officer\\n4. Designated Under Secretary\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1\",\n      \"A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3\",\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1\",\n      \"A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.10(iv)<\/b> requires that a part file 'shall be merged with the main file by the Dealing Officer'; <b>Para 5.9<\/b> places the settlement of a disputed receipt on the designated Under Secretary; <b>Para 6.11(i)<\/b> requires the approval of the Head of Department for the transfer list; and <b>Para 6.4<\/b> requires the file register to be maintained by the Section.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 71,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements spanning the handling of dak and the management of files:\\n1. Dak with an urgency grading is separated from other dak and dealt with first.\\n2. The Dealing Officer processes a receipt on a current file or opens a new file.\\n3. Routine receipts such as acknowledgements are placed below the file in a separate cover and destroyed when they have served their purpose.\\n4. A receipt which is not received back from officers within one week is brought to the notice of the Section Officer.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"Statement 4 lengthens the period: <b>Para 5.7<\/b> requires the Section to bring to notice 'any receipt which is not received back from officers within one day.' Statements 1 to 3 reproduce <b>Paras 5.2(i), 5.10(b)(v) and 6.6(viii)<\/b>.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 72,\n    \"chapterNo\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 6: File Management System\",\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following statements regarding referencing and docketing is not correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Blank intervening pages in a file are not numbered\",\n      \"Only one alphabetical slip is attached to a recorded file or compilation\",\n      \"A flag is pinned or stuck neatly on the backside of the papers sought to be flagged\",\n      \"The number of a file referred to is quoted in the margin, while the relevant page numbers are given in the body of the note\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.7(v)<\/b> reverses the two: 'the number of the file referred to will be quoted invariably in the body of the note and the relevant page numbers, together with the alphabetical slip attached thereto, will be indicated on the margin.' The other statements reproduce clauses (i), (iv) and (vii).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 73,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Records management covers activities concerning mainly:\\n1. Recording\\n2. Retention\\n3. Retrieval\\n4. Weeding out\\nHow many of the above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Only one\",\n      \"Only two\",\n      \"Only three\",\n      \"All four\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.1(1)<\/b> \u2014 'Records management covers the activities concerning mainly recording, retention, retrieval and weeding out.' All four limbs are named. The wider life-cycle set out in <b>Box 10.1<\/b> is longer still, running from creation and use of records through recording, retention, appraisal and review to transfer to the Departmental Record Room and the National Archives of India.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 74,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"A Departmental Records Officer is nominated by each record creating agency in pursuance of the provisions of the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Public Records Act, 1993 and the Public Records Rules, 1997\",\n      \"Right to Information Act, 2005\",\n      \"Information Technology Act, 2000\",\n      \"General Financial Rules, 2017\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.1(2)<\/b> \u2014 the nomination is made 'in pursuance of provisions of the Public Records Act, 1993 and the Public Records Rules, 1997'. The General Financial Rules, 2017 appear elsewhere in the chapter: <b>Para 10.7(i)(a)<\/b> requires records connected with accounts to follow the instructions in Appendix 9 to those Rules.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 75,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"The Departmental Records Officer nominated for overall records management is required to be an officer not below the level of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Section Officer\",\n      \"Under Secretary\",\n      \"Deputy Secretary\",\n      \"Joint Secretary\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.1(2)<\/b> \u2014 each agency nominates 'a Departmental Records Officer (DRO) who is not below the level of a Section Officer for overall records management of the organisation as a whole.' Joint Secretary appears in this chapter for different purposes \u2014 half-yearly review of recording and weeding in his Wing under <b>Para 10.9(ix)(b)<\/b>, and approval for destroying files connected with inquiries or court proceedings under <b>Para 10.9(v)(b)<\/b>.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 76,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"The responsibility of the Departmental Records Officer extends to records management of the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"section or desk to which he is attached\",\n      \"organisation as a whole\",\n      \"Departmental Record Room alone\",\n      \"records due for transfer to the National Archives of India alone\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.1(2)<\/b> \u2014 the DRO is nominated 'for overall records management of the organisation as a whole.' The reach is organisation-wide, not confined to any one unit. Consistently with this, <b>Para 10.9(vii)<\/b> places the work of the Departmental Record Room in transferring, destroying and restoring reviewed files 'under the supervision of Departmental Record Officer (DRO)'.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 77,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Files are required to be recorded:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"as soon as the file is opened\",\n      \"after action on all the issues considered thereon has been completed\",\n      \"at the close of every financial year\",\n      \"on the expiry of the retention period specified for the category\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.2<\/b> \u2014 'Files should be recorded after action on all the issues considered thereon has been completed as per the record retention schedules (Para 10.7).' Option (d) confuses recording with review: under <b>Para 10.9(i)<\/b> it is on the expiry of the specified retention period that a category 'C' file is reviewed and weeded out.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 78,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Files of a purely ephemeral nature containing papers of little reference or research value may be destroyed after:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"six months, without being formally recorded\",\n      \"three years, after being formally recorded\",\n      \"one year, without being formally recorded\",\n      \"five years, after being formally recorded\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.2<\/b> \u2014 such files 'may be destroyed after one year without being formally recorded.' Both elements matter: the one-year period, and the dispensation from formal recording altogether. The paragraph gives casual leave records and circulars of a temporary nature as its illustrations of ephemeral files.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 79,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following are given as illustrations of files of a purely ephemeral nature?\\n1. Casual leave records\\n2. Circulars of a temporary nature\\n3. Papers relating to major policy decisions\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.2<\/b> gives 'casual leave records or circulars of temporary nature' as its examples of ephemeral files. Statement 3 belongs at the opposite end of the scale: <b>Appendix 10.2, Part A<\/b> lists 'Papers relating to major policy decisions, including those relating to the preparation of legislation' among records normally required to be kept indefinitely.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 80,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"An electronic file on which action is complete is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"recorded in the same manner as a physical file\",\n      \"transferred immediately to the National Archives of India\",\n      \"transferred immediately to the Departmental Record Room\",\n      \"closed and kept in a separate closed folder\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Box e.10.1<\/b> \u2014 'An electronic file on which action is complete is closed and kept in a separate folder (closed folder).' The same Box explains that in eFile the facility of <i>recording<\/i> is provided only for files on which processing is done physically; electronic files are closed rather than recorded, and under <b>Box e.10.6<\/b> all electronic files are presently retained in the eFile system.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 81,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"An electronic file is closed by the creator of the file after obtaining the approval of a competent authority who may be of the level of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Section Officer or above\",\n      \"Under Secretary or above\",\n      \"Deputy Secretary or above\",\n      \"Joint Secretary or above\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Box e.10.1<\/b> \u2014 closure is done 'by the creator of the file after getting approval of the competent authority, which may be of the level of Section Officer or above based on the roles assigned in the application.' The qualification 'based on the roles assigned in the application' means the level is configured in eOffice rather than fixed rigidly by rank.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 82,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"A closed electronic file may be seen by:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"any officer of the Section concerned\",\n      \"the official who has closed the file and the official who has authorized the closure\",\n      \"the Departmental Records Officer alone\",\n      \"the creator of the file alone\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Box e.10.1<\/b> \u2014 'The closed file may be seen by the official who has closed the file and official who has authorized the closure of the file.' Access is confined to those two. Reopening is narrower still: the file 'can be re-opened\/retrieved by the official who has closed the file with the approval of the competent authority.'\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 83,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"A closed electronic file can be reopened or retrieved by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Departmental Records Officer, on a written requisition\",\n      \"official who authorized the closure, on his own\",\n      \"official who has closed the file, with the approval of the competent authority\",\n      \"creator of the file, without any approval\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Box e.10.1<\/b> \u2014 'The closed file can be reopened \/ retrieved by the official who has closed the file with the approval of the competent authority.' Two conditions operate together: the identity of the official, and prior approval. The official who merely authorized the closure is entitled to <i>see<\/i> the file under the same Box, but not to reopen it.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 84,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Electronic files kept in external media are required to have the working condition of the media checked:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"at least once a year\",\n      \"at least once a month\",\n      \"at least once a quarter\",\n      \"at least once a week\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Box e.10.1<\/b> \u2014 'The e-files should also be kept in external media and the working condition of media should be checked frequently (at least once a week).' The word 'frequently' is then given a definite floor. No other periodicity in this chapter is weekly; the review of retention schedules under <b>Para 10.7(ii)<\/b> is once in five years.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 85,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following statements regarding the recording of files is not correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"In eFile, an electronic file on which action is complete is recorded and transferred to the record room\",\n      \"Files of a purely ephemeral nature may be destroyed after one year without being formally recorded\",\n      \"In eFile, the facility of recording a file is given for files on which processing is done physically\",\n      \"Files are recorded after action on all the issues considered thereon has been completed\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Box e.10.1<\/b> provides that such a file 'is closed and kept in a separate folder (closed folder)', not recorded and transferred. <b>Box e.10.6<\/b> confirms that 'Presently, all electronic files are retained in the eFile system.' The first three statements reproduce <b>Para 10.2<\/b> and <b>Box e.10.1<\/b> correctly.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 86,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Departmental instructions to regulate the recording and reviewing of records are required to be issued by:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, for all departments\",\n      \"each Department, for itself\",\n      \"the National Archives of India\",\n      \"the Ministry of Home Affairs\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.3<\/b> \u2014 'Each Department has to issue Departmental instructions to regulate the recording and reviewing of records.' <b>Box e.10.1<\/b> adds that these 'Departmental instructions are to be reviewed and re-issued by each Department.' DARPG's role is narrower: under <b>Para 10.7(i)(b)<\/b> it issues the schedule of retention periods for records common to all departments.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 87,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"In the categorisation of recorded files, Category 'A' means:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"keep for a specified period only\",\n      \"keep but do not microfilm\",\n      \"keep and microfilm\",\n      \"keep pending review by the National Archives of India\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.4(i)<\/b> \u2014 Category 'A' means 'keep and microfilm'. The three categories are distinguished by what happens to the file rather than by its subject: 'B' means 'keep but do not microfilm' under clause (ii), and 'C' means 'keep for specified period only' under clause (iii).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 88,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Category 'B' in the categorisation of recorded files means:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"keep and microfilm\",\n      \"keep for review at the tenth year\",\n      \"keep for a specified period only\",\n      \"keep but do not microfilm\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.4(ii)<\/b> \u2014 Category 'B' means 'keep but do not microfilm'. It covers files required for permanent preservation for administrative purposes such as those listed in Part 'A' of Appendix 10.2, but excludes the precious or frequently-referred material described under Category 'A', and therefore need not be microfilmed.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 89,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Category 'C' files are files of secondary importance having reference value for a limited period not exceeding:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"3 years\",\n      \"5 years\",\n      \"10 years\",\n      \"25 years\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.4(iii)<\/b> \u2014 Category 'C' 'will include files of secondary importance having reference value for a limited period not exceeding 10 years.' Twenty-five years is the point at which Category 'A' and 'B' files are reviewed under <b>Para 10.9(ii)<\/b>, in consultation with the National Archives of India.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 90,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"In exceptional cases where a Category 'C' record is required to be retained beyond ten years, it is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"upgraded to 'B' Category\",\n      \"destroyed on the expiry of the tenth year\",\n      \"transferred directly to the National Archives of India\",\n      \"retained as Category 'C' with the approval of the Departmental Records Officer\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.4(iii)<\/b> \u2014 'In exceptional cases, if the record is required to be retained beyond 10 years it will be upgraded to B Category.' The position differs for electronic files: because eFiles are recorded under only two categories, <b>Para 10.4<\/b> provides that a Category 'C' eFile requiring longer retention 'will be upgraded to A Category'.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 91,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Electronic files may be recorded under how many categories?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Two, namely Category 'A' and Category 'B'\",\n      \"Two, namely Category 'A' and Category 'C'\",\n      \"Three, namely Categories 'A', 'B' and 'C'\",\n      \"Four, namely Categories 'A', 'B', 'C' and 'D'\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.4<\/b> \u2014 'The eFiles may be recorded under two categories: Category - A ... Category C'. Category 'B' has no application to eFiles, and the reason is structural: 'B' exists in the physical scheme only to mark permanent files that need <i>not<\/i> be microfilmed, a distinction that is meaningless for a file that is already electronic.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 92,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"A file is categorised as Category 'A' and microfilmed where it contains a document so precious that:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"it is required to be transferred to the National Archives of India immediately\",\n      \"it may be seen only by an officer of the rank of Joint Secretary and above\",\n      \"its original must be preserved intact and access to it in the original form must be restricted to the barest minimum\",\n      \"it must be classified as Secret under the Departmental Security Instructions\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.4(i)(a)(i)<\/b> \u2014 microfilming is adopted where the file contains 'a document so precious that its original must be preserved intact and access to it in the original form must be restricted to the barest minimum to avoid damage or loss'. The second trigger, under sub-clause (ii), is material likely to be required for frequent reference by different parties simultaneously.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 93,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the categorisation of records:\\n1. Category 'A' covers files which qualify for permanent preservation for administrative purposes and have to be microfilmed, and files of historical importance.\\n2. Category 'B' covers files required for permanent preservation for administrative purposes which need not be microfilmed.\\n3. Category 'C' files have reference value for a limited period not exceeding 25 years.\\n4. Electronic files may be recorded under Categories 'A' and 'C' only.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1, 2 and 4 reproduce <b>Para 10.4(i), (ii)<\/b> and the eFile provision. Statement 3 substitutes the wrong period: under <b>Para 10.4(iii)<\/b> Category 'C' covers a 'limited period not exceeding 10 years'. Twenty-five years is the review point for Categories 'A' and 'B' under <b>Para 10.9(ii)<\/b> \u2014 the two periods are routinely interchanged.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 94,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Files of historical importance are categorised as:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"records outside the categorisation scheme, to be sent directly to the National Archives of India\",\n      \"Category 'B', to be kept but not microfilmed\",\n      \"Category 'C', to be kept for a specified period\",\n      \"Category 'A', to be kept and microfilmed\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.4(i)(b)<\/b> places 'files of historical importance (Part B of Appendix 10.2)' within Category 'A'. Category 'B' by contrast is confined to files of permanent value 'for administrative purposes', drawn from Part 'A' of the same Appendix \u2014 the administrative \/ historical divide is what separates the two categories.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 95,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"After action on the issues considered on a file has been completed, the file is closed and recorded by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Dealing Officer or Initiating Officer, in consultation with his supervisory officer\",\n      \"Section Officer, in consultation with the Branch Officer\",\n      \"Departmental Records Officer, on receipt of the file in the record room\",\n      \"person entrusted with that responsibility by the Section Officer\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.5<\/b> \u2014 'the Dealing Officer\/Initiating Officer, in consultation with his supervisory officer, should close and record the file in the manner prescribed below'. The person entrusted by the Section Officer has a narrower role under clause (xii) \u2014 making entries in the register for watching progress of recording before the file goes into the bundle of recorded files.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 96,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"In the case of a Category 'C' file, the entries required to be made on the file cover, besides the category, are the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"name and designation of the Dealing Officer\",\n      \"retention period and the year of review, weeding or destruction\",\n      \"date of transfer to the Departmental Record Room\",\n      \"number of pages and the number of enclosures\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.5(i)<\/b> \u2014 for category 'C' one must 'also specify the retention period and the year of review\/weeding\/destruction on the file cover'. The Manual's own illustration is 'C\/5 \u2013 Destroy (or Review) 2\/2023' on a file to be retained for five years from the date of closure in 2\/2018.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 97,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"The endorsement 'C\/5 \u2013 Destroy 2\/2023' on a file cover indicates a file which is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"of category 'C', closed in 2023 and to be destroyed after five years\",\n      \"of category 'C', to be reviewed five times before 2023\",\n      \"of category 'C', to be retained for five years from the date of closure in 2\/2018\",\n      \"of category 'C', upgraded from category 'B' in 2018\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.5(i)<\/b> gives this exact illustration: the endorsement is used 'on a file cover of the file to be retained for 5 years from the date of closure in 2\/2018'. The three elements are read together \u2014 the category letter, the retention period in years, and the month and year by which review or destruction falls due.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 98,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"The categorisation of a file and the retention period endorsed on the file cover are settled after the Dealing Officer specifically obtains the approval of the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Departmental Records Officer\",\n      \"Branch Officer\",\n      \"Divisional Head\",\n      \"Section Officer or Desk Officer\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.5(i)<\/b> \u2014 'This is done after the Dealing Officer specifically obtained approval of the Section Officer\/Desk Officer.' The Branch Officer's approval is required at a different stage: <b>Para 10.9(i)<\/b> requires justification for retaining a category 'C' file after review to be recorded 'with the approval of Branch Officer\/Divisional Head concerned'.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 99,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"At the stage of recording, files are required to be indexed in the case of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Category 'A' and 'B' files\",\n      \"Category 'A' files only\",\n      \"Category 'C' files only\",\n      \"all recorded files, irrespective of category\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.5(iii)<\/b> requires the Dealing Officer to 'get the file indexed (Paras 10.6 & 10.7) for Category A & B files', and <b>Para 10.6<\/b> repeats that 'Only those files which are categorised as A & B will be indexed.' Category 'C' files, having reference value for a limited period only, are not indexed.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 100,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Extracts from a file and copies of important decisions and documents considered useful for future reference are, at the time of recording, added to the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"file register and the file movement register\",\n      \"standing guard file, standing note or precedent book\",\n      \"record review register maintained by the Departmental Record Room\",\n      \"induction material of the Ministry or Department\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.5(iv)<\/b> \u2014 such extracts and copies are added 'to the standing guard file\/standing note\/precedent book'. All three are aids to processing under Chapter 11, and the requirement links the two chapters: recording a file is also the occasion for harvesting its knowledge value before it leaves the section.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 101,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Superfluous papers such as reminders, acknowledgements, routine slips and rough drafts are removed from a file at the time of recording and destroyed, unless they:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"bear the signature of an officer\",\n      \"relate to a matter of policy\",\n      \"have audit or legal value\",\n      \"have been referred to in the notes portion\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.5(v)<\/b> \u2014 such papers are to be removed and destroyed 'unless they have audit or legal value'. The list given is illustrative: reminders, acknowledgements, routine slips, working-sheets, rough drafts and surplus copies. The single saving condition is the audit or legal value of the paper, not its subject matter.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 102,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"At the time of recording, the word 'recorded' is required to be written prominently in red ink across the entries in the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"file register\",\n      \"record review register\",\n      \"register for watching progress of recording\",\n      \"file movement register\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.5(ix)<\/b> \u2014 one must 'write the word recorded prominently in red ink, across the entries in the file movement register.' The file register receives different treatment under clause (vii), where columns 4 and 5 are completed, and the register for watching progress of recording receives the file number in column 2 under clause (viii).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 103,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"At the time of recording, page numbers and other references which were earlier made in pencil are required to be:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"indicated in ink\",\n      \"erased and left blank\",\n      \"renumbered in a fresh series\",\n      \"transferred to the file cover\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.5(x)<\/b> \u2014 the Dealing Officer must 'indicate page numbers and other references in ink which were earlier made in pencil'. Pencil is used while the file is current so that pagination can be corrected as papers are added; recording is the point at which the pagination becomes final and is therefore inked in.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 104,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"At the final stage of recording, the file is handed over to the Multi Tasking Staff, who is required to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"index the file and enter it in the record review register\",\n      \"repair the damaged papers, stitch the file and show it to the person entrusted with making entries in the register for watching progress of recording\",\n      \"transfer the file directly to the Departmental Record Room\",\n      \"obtain the approval of the Branch Officer for the categorisation assigned\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.5(xii)<\/b> \u2014 the MTS 'will repair the damaged papers, if any, stitch the file and, show it to the person entrusted with the responsibility by the Section Officer for making entries in the register for watching progress of recording before keeping it in the bundle of recorded files.' Transfer to the record room comes later, under <b>Para 10.8(i)<\/b>.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 105,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"In eFile, change of the file title and removal of any paper from any part of the electronic file:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"is permissible with the approval of the Section Officer\",\n      \"is permissible at the time of recording only\",\n      \"is not permissible\",\n      \"is permissible with the approval of the Departmental Records Officer\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Box e.10.2<\/b> \u2014 'In eFile, change of file title and removal of any paper from any part of the electronic file is not permissible. In eFile, file maintenance is a continuous and automatic activity.' Two steps prescribed for physical recording \u2014 revising the title under <b>Para 10.5(ii)<\/b> and removing superfluous papers under clause (v) \u2014 therefore have no electronic counterpart.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 106,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following is not among the steps prescribed in the procedure for recording a file?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Revising the title of the file, where necessary, so that it describes adequately the contents at that stage\",\n      \"Completing all references and marking previous and later references on the subject on the file cover\",\n      \"Preparing fresh file covers, where necessary, with all the entries already made thereon\",\n      \"Obtaining the concurrence of the National Archives of India to the category assigned to the file\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.5<\/b> lists twelve steps, of which options (a), (b) and (c) are clauses (ii), (vi) and (xi). The National Archives of India has no role at the recording stage; its involvement arises later, in vetting Departmental Record Retention Schedules under <b>Para 10.7(i)(d)<\/b> and in the review of category 'A' and 'B' files at the 25th year under <b>Para 10.9(ii)<\/b>.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 107,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Files are indexed at the time of their:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"opening\",\n      \"transfer to the Departmental Record Room\",\n      \"review\",\n      \"recording\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.6<\/b> \u2014 'Files will be indexed at the time of their recording.' Indexing is thus one limb of the recording process, and <b>Para 10.5(iii)<\/b> lists it among the twelve steps the Dealing Officer must complete. Only files categorised as 'A' and 'B' are indexed.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 108,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Indexing of recorded files is dispensed with where a list of recorded files is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"in MS-Word or pdf format\",\n      \"maintained in the file register\",\n      \"available in the Departmental Record Room\",\n      \"prepared in duplicate for the Section Officer\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.6<\/b> \u2014 'If a list of recorded files is in MS-Word or pdf format, there is no need for indexing.' The rationale is retrievability: a searchable electronic list serves the purpose an index would otherwise serve, which is also why <b>Box e.10.3<\/b> relies on metadata search in eFile.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 109,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"In eFile, files may be searched using metadata such as:\\n1. File number\\n2. Subject or part of the subject\\n3. Category\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Box e.10.3<\/b> \u2014 'the files may be searched using meta-data like file number, subject\/part of the subject, category and other parameters used while creating a file \/ on the cover page of the file.' The same Box notes that metadata together with recording information and record movement aids tracking, retrieval and monitoring of the status of recording.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 110,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"In respect of records connected with accounts, a department is required to observe the instructions contained in:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the schedule issued by the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances\",\n      \"Appendix 9 to the General Financial Rules, 2017\",\n      \"Appendix 10.10 to the Manual\",\n      \"the Departmental Record Retention Schedule vetted by the National Archives of India\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.7(i)(a)<\/b> \u2014 for such records a department must 'observe the instructions contained in Appendix 9 to the General Financial Rules, 2017.' Each of the other three options is the correct source for a different class of record under clauses (b), (c) and (d) of the same paragraph \u2014 the four sources are the point of the provision.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 111,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"The 'schedule of periods of retention for records common to all departments', covering establishment and housekeeping matters, is issued by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"National Archives of India\",\n      \"Ministry of Finance\",\n      \"Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances\",\n      \"Department of Personnel and Training\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.7(i)(b)<\/b> \u2014 records relating to establishment and housekeeping matters common to all departments follow the schedule 'issued by the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances'. The National Archives of India has a different function under clause (d): it vets the Departmental Record Retention Schedule covering a department's substantive functions.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 112,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"In respect of records connected with its substantive functions, a Ministry or Department may issue a Departmental Record Retention Schedule vetted by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances\",\n      \"Ministry of Finance\",\n      \"Cabinet Secretariat\",\n      \"National Archives of India\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.7(i)(d)<\/b> \u2014 such a schedule is to be 'vetted by the National Archives of India'. The division of labour in this paragraph is consistent: DARPG prescribes for records common to all departments, while the National Archives vets what is peculiar to a department's own substantive work.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 113,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"The record retention schedules are required to be reviewed at least once in:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 year\",\n      \"3 years\",\n      \"5 years\",\n      \"10 years\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.7(ii)<\/b> \u2014 'The above schedules should be reviewed at least once in 5 years.' Ten years is a different figure in this chapter: it is the outer limit of reference value for a category 'C' file under <b>Para 10.4(iii)<\/b>, and also the cap on retention after review under <b>Para 10.9(i)<\/b>.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 114,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Class of record)\\nA. Records connected with accounts\\nB. Records relating to establishment and housekeeping matters common to all departments\\nC. The dak register, the file register and the record review register\\nD. Records connected with the substantive functions of a department\\nList-II (Source of retention period)\\n1. Appendix 10.10\\n2. Schedule issued by the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances\\n3. Departmental Record Retention Schedule vetted by the National Archives of India\\n4. Appendix 9 to the General Financial Rules, 2017\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3\",\n      \"A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3\",\n      \"A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1\",\n      \"A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.7(i)<\/b> requires every department, 'To ensure that files are neither prematurely destroyed, nor kept for periods longer than necessary', to follow four different sources set out in clauses (a) to (d): Appendix 9 to the GFR 2017 for accounts records, the DARPG schedule for records common to all departments, Appendix 10.10 for records prescribed in the Manual, and a departmental schedule vetted by the National Archives for substantive-function records.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 115,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Recorded files are kept serially arranged in the sections or desks concerned for a period of not more than:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"six months\",\n      \"one year\",\n      \"three years\",\n      \"five years\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.8(i)<\/b> \u2014 'Recorded files are to be kept serially arranged in the sections\/desks concerned for not more than one year, after which they are to be transferred to the departmental record room.' For identifying files due for such transfer, the register for watching progress of recording at Appendix 10.1 is consulted.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 116,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Where work is transferred from one section to another, the relevant files are transferred after being listed:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"in duplicate, one copy being retained by the section taking over and the other acknowledged and returned\",\n      \"in a single copy retained by the transferring section\",\n      \"in triplicate, one copy going to the Departmental Record Room\",\n      \"in the record review register maintained by the Departmental Record Room\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.8(ii)<\/b> \u2014 'One copy of this list will be retained by the section taking over the files for its record and the other acknowledged and returned to the section transferring them.' A list in triplicate is required in a different situation: <b>Para 10.8(v)<\/b>, where files are sent to the National Archives of India.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 117,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Files transferred by a section to the departmental record room are accompanied by a list of files in duplicate, and the record room is required to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"retain both copies of the list for its record\",\n      \"verify that all the files mentioned in the list have been received, retain one copy and return the other duly signed\",\n      \"return both copies of the list after verification\",\n      \"forward one copy of the list to the National Archives of India\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.8(iii)<\/b> \u2014 the record room 'will verify that all the files mentioned in the list have been received, retain one copy of the list and return the other, duly signed, to the section concerned.' The same clause requires these lists to be kept section-wise in separate file covers in the record room.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 118,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"In the record review register maintained by the departmental record room, entries are made in respect of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"category 'A' files marked for transfer to the National Archives of India\",\n      \"category 'B' files due for revision of categorisation\",\n      \"category 'C' files marked for review in a particular year\",\n      \"all recorded files, irrespective of category\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.8(iv)<\/b> \u2014 'Category C files marked for review in a particular year will be entered in the pages earmarked for that year in the register.' The register is structured accordingly, with 'a few pages... allotted for each future year', so that the files falling due in any given year can be identified at a glance.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 119,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Files surviving the review undertaken on their attaining the twenty-fifth year of life are:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"restored to the departmental record stacks after fresh categorisation\",\n      \"retained in the section concerned for a further period of one year\",\n      \"microfilmed and destroyed thereafter\",\n      \"stamped prominently as 'transferred to NAI' and sent to the National Archives of India\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.8(v)<\/b> \u2014 such files 'will be stamped prominently as transferred to NAI and sent to the National Archives of India.' They are accompanied by a list in triplicate, one copy of which is returned by the National Archives, duly signed, to the Departmental Record Room.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 120,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Files transferred to the National Archives of India are accompanied by a list prepared in:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"triplicate\",\n      \"duplicate\",\n      \"a single copy\",\n      \"quadruplicate\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.8(v)<\/b> \u2014 such files 'will be accompanied by a list (in triplicate), one copy of which will be returned by the National Archives of India, duly signed, to the Departmental Record Room.' Lists in duplicate are used for the two internal movements \u2014 section to section under clause (ii) and section to record room under clause (iii).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 121,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following is not among the requirements prescribed for record rooms?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Proper ventilation, adequate lighting and fire-safety equipment\",\n      \"Maintenance of a constant temperature by air-conditioning throughout the year\",\n      \"Arrangement of records serially, section-wise, and regular dusting\",\n      \"Avoiding exposure to moisture\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.8(vi)<\/b> \u2014 'Record rooms will be properly ventilated, with adequate lighting and fire-safety equipment and avoid exposure to moisture. The records will be arranged serially section-wise and will be regularly dusted. For proper preservation the records will be periodically fumigated.' Air-conditioning finds no mention; periodic fumigation is the further requirement.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 122,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"For the proper preservation of records, the records in a record room are required to be:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"microfilmed at intervals of five years\",\n      \"rebound once in ten years\",\n      \"periodically fumigated\",\n      \"transferred to external media annually\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.8(vi)<\/b> \u2014 'For proper preservation the records will be periodically fumigated.' Microfilming is not a preservation routine for the record room generally: under <b>Para 10.4(i)<\/b> it attaches only to Category 'A' files, and external media storage under <b>Box e.10.1<\/b> relates to electronic files.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 123,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"A category 'C' file is reviewed on the expiry of the specified retention period and weeded out unless:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"it has been indexed at the time of recording\",\n      \"the National Archives of India directs otherwise\",\n      \"it has been microfilmed\",\n      \"there are sufficient grounds warranting its further retention\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.9(i)<\/b> \u2014 such a file is 'weeded out unless there are sufficient grounds warranting its further retention.' Where retention is justified, 'Justification for retaining a file after review will be recorded on the file with the approval of Branch Officer\/Divisional Head concerned.' The National Archives is consulted only for category 'A' and 'B' reviews under clause (ii).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 124,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Justification for retaining a category 'C' file after review is required to be recorded on the file with the approval of the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Branch Officer or Divisional Head concerned\",\n      \"Section Officer or Desk Officer\",\n      \"Departmental Records Officer\",\n      \"Joint Secretary in charge of the Wing\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.9(i)<\/b> \u2014 the justification is recorded 'with the approval of Branch Officer\/Divisional Head concerned.' Section Officer approval attaches to the earlier act of categorisation under <b>Para 10.5(i)<\/b>; the Joint Secretary's approval is required under <b>Para 10.9(v)(b)<\/b> for destroying files connected with inquiries or court proceedings.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 125,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Retention of a category 'C' file after review is for a period not exceeding:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"5 years from the date of review\",\n      \"10 years, including the period already retained\",\n      \"10 years from the date of review, excluding the period already retained\",\n      \"25 years from the year of closing\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.9(i)<\/b> \u2014 'Retention after a review will be for a period not exceeding 10 years, including the period already retained.' The words 'including the period already retained' are decisive and are what option (c) removes: the ten years is an aggregate ceiling on the file's whole life, not a fresh ten-year lease.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 126,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Category 'A' and 'B' files are reviewed on attaining the twenty-fifth year of their life in consultation with the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances\",\n      \"National Archives of India\",\n      \"Ministry of Home Affairs\",\n      \"Departmental Records Officer\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.9(ii)<\/b> \u2014 such files are reviewed 'in consultation with the National Archives of India.' The same clause adds a further object of the exercise: 'In these reviews the need for revising the original categorisation of category B files may also be considered.'\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 127,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"The year of review of a category 'C' file is reckoned with reference to the year of its:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"opening\",\n      \"indexing\",\n      \"closing\",\n      \"transfer to the departmental record room\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.9(iii)<\/b> \u2014 'The year of review of category C files will be reckoned with reference to the year of their closing and that for category A and category B files with reference to the year of their opening.' The two starting points differ, and interchanging them is the standard error on this provision.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 128,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"The year of review of category 'A' and category 'B' files is reckoned with reference to the year of their:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"transfer to the National Archives of India\",\n      \"closing\",\n      \"recording\",\n      \"opening\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.9(iii)<\/b> \u2014 for category 'A' and 'B' files the reckoning is 'with reference to the year of their opening', as against the year of closing for category 'C' files. Reckoning from the year of opening is what makes the twenty-fifth year under <b>Para 10.9(ii)<\/b> a measure of the file's full life rather than of its dormancy.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 129,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Beginning in January each year, the departmental record room sends the files due for review in that year to the sections concerned in:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"four lots, in January, April, July and September\",\n      \"three lots, in January, May and September\",\n      \"two lots, in January and July\",\n      \"twelve monthly lots\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.9(iv)<\/b> \u2014 the files are sent 'in four lots \u2013 in January, April, July and September', together with a list of files in the form at Appendix 10.5. Note that the intervals are not uniform quarters: the last two lots fall two months apart, in July and September.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 130,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Files received for review are examined by, or under the direction of, the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Dealing Officer concerned\",\n      \"Section Officer or the Desk functionary concerned\",\n      \"Branch Officer concerned\",\n      \"Departmental Records Officer\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.9(v)(a)<\/b> \u2014 such files 'will be examined by, or under the direction of, the Section Officer or the Desk functionary concerned and those files which are no longer required will be marked for destruction. Other files may be marked for further retention.' The Departmental Records Officer supervises the record room's subsequent action under clause (vii), not the examination itself.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 131,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Files or documents having a bearing on the subject matter of a departmental inquiry, a Commission of Inquiry or court proceedings:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"are destroyed on completing their prescribed life as per the Record Retention Schedule\",\n      \"are transferred to the National Archives of India immediately\",\n      \"are not destroyed even if they have completed their prescribed life as per the Record Retention Schedule\",\n      \"are upgraded to category 'A' and microfilmed\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.9(v)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'such files\/documents will not be destroyed, even if, such files\/documents have completed their prescribed life as per the Record Retention Schedule.' The protection extends equally to documents required in connection with the implementation of the order or judgement of any court of law.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 132,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Files connected with an inquiry or court proceedings may be destroyed, after the inquiry is completed or the judgement implemented, with the approval of the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Section Officer concerned\",\n      \"Branch Officer concerned\",\n      \"Departmental Records Officer\",\n      \"Joint Secretary or Head of the Department concerned\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.9(v)(b)<\/b> \u2014 such files may be destroyed 'only after submission of the Report by the Commission or completion of inquiry or implementation of the judgement\/order of the court(s), with the approval of the concerned Joint Secretary\/Head of the Department.' This is the highest approval level prescribed anywhere in the weeding process.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 133,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Where the implementation of a court order has been challenged or appealed against in a higher court, the files and documents concerned:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"will not be weeded out until the appeal or challenge is considered and finally decided\",\n      \"may be weeded out with the approval of the Joint Secretary\",\n      \"will be transferred to the National Archives of India pending the appeal\",\n      \"will be weeded out on the expiry of the prescribed retention period\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.9(v)(b)<\/b> \u2014 such files 'will not be weeded out until the appeal\/challenge is considered and finally decided.' The clause applies whether the challenge is by the Government or by the applicant, and it adds a caution: 'In such cases the limitation period prescribed for appeals should also be kept in mind.'\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 134,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"After a review, entries of revised categorisation or retention period are made in the file registers by:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the Dealing Officer who examined the file\",\n      \"the person entrusted with that responsibility by the Section Officer\",\n      \"the Departmental Records Officer\",\n      \"the Branch Officer who approved the retention\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.9(vi)<\/b> \u2014 'After review the person entrusted with that responsibility by the Section Officer will make entries of revised categorization\/retention period in the file registers and return them to the Departmental Record Room along with the list... after completing column 3 thereof.' The same functionary makes entries in the recording progress register under <b>Para 10.5(xii)<\/b>.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 135,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"In the case of files other than those transferred to the National Archives of India, the Departmental Record Room after review is required to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"destroy all files that have completed their retention period, without exception\",\n      \"return all reviewed files to the sections concerned\",\n      \"destroy those marked for destruction, and restore those marked for further retention to the departmental record stacks\",\n      \"retain all reviewed files until the next annual review\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.9(vii)(b)<\/b> \u2014 the record room is to 'destroy those marked for destruction, after completing column 4 of the list of files' and 'restore the rest i.e. those marked for further retention, to the departmental record stacks after making the required entries in the record review register in the case of category C files.'\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 136,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Records not falling within the definition of a file, such as publications and orders:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"are outside the scope of review and weeding\",\n      \"are reviewed by the Departmental Record Room alone\",\n      \"are reviewed only on attaining the twenty-fifth year of their life\",\n      \"are subject to periodic reviews at suitable intervals, each section maintaining a register to facilitate such reviews\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.9(viii)<\/b> \u2014 such records 'will also be subject to periodic reviews at suitable intervals and those no longer needed should be weeded out. To facilitate such reviews each section will maintain a register.' The obligation to maintain the register rests on the section, not the record room.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 137,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Among the measures prescribed to reduce the volume of records being retained, a special drive to record, review and weed out all category 'C' files may be launched:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"annually\",\n      \"half yearly\",\n      \"quarterly\",\n      \"once in five years\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.9(ix)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'A special drive may be launched annually to record\/review all Category C files, and to weed out those no longer needed.' Half-yearly is the periodicity of a different measure under clause (b): the Joint Secretary's review of the state of recording, reviewing and weeding out of files in his Wing.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 138,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Each Joint Secretary is required to review the state of recording, reviewing and weeding out of files in his Wing:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"monthly\",\n      \"half yearly\",\n      \"quarterly\",\n      \"annually\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.9(ix)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'Each Joint Secretary may review half yearly the state of recording\/reviewing\/weeding out of files in his Wing and allot time bound tasks towards this and to the members of the staff.' The allotment of time-bound tasks is part of the same obligation, not a separate one.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 139,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Classified files and records are required to be destroyed by:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"manually tearing them into small pieces\",\n      \"incineration alone, without shredding\",\n      \"use of a shredder\",\n      \"burial at a site approved by the Ministry of Home Affairs\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.9(x)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'Classified files\/records will be destroyed by use of shredder'. The manner of destruction is graded by sensitivity: routine files are 'manually torn into small pieces' under clause (a), and Secret files are, under clause (c), incinerated <i>after<\/i> being shredded.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 140,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Secret files and records are required to be:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"manually torn into small pieces and disposed off\",\n      \"shredded only\",\n      \"retained permanently and transferred to the National Archives of India\",\n      \"incinerated after being shredded\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.9(x)(c)<\/b> \u2014 'Secret files\/records will also be incinerated after being shredded as per provision under Departmental Security Instructions issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs.' Shredding alone suffices for merely classified records under clause (b); Secret records attract the additional step of incineration.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 141,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"The manner of weeding and destruction of Secret records is prescribed with reference to the 'Departmental Security Instructions' issued by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Ministry of Home Affairs\",\n      \"Cabinet Secretariat\",\n      \"Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances\",\n      \"National Archives of India\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.9(x)(c)<\/b> refers to 'provision under Departmental Security Instructions issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs.' The same instructions govern the handling of classified papers generally under <b>Para 13.2<\/b>, which is why the security classification of a record determines the physical method of its destruction.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 142,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding review and weeding of records:\\n1. A category 'C' file is reviewed on the expiry of its specified retention period.\\n2. Category 'A' and 'B' files are reviewed on attaining the tenth year of their life.\\n3. The year of review of a category 'C' file is reckoned with reference to the year of its closing.\\n4. Inspecting officers may be asked to pay special attention to the stage of Records Management during their inspections.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1, 3 and 4 reproduce <b>Para 10.9(i), (iii) and (ix)(c)<\/b>. Statement 2 substitutes the wrong milestone: <b>Para 10.9(ii)<\/b> requires category 'A' and 'B' files to be reviewed 'on attaining the 25th year of their life in consultation with the National Archives of India'. Ten years is the ceiling for category 'C' reference value.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 143,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following statements regarding weeding of records is not correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Routine files and records are manually torn into small pieces and disposed off\",\n      \"Records not falling within the definition of a file are outside the scope of periodic review\",\n      \"Retention of a category 'C' file after review may extend to 10 years, including the period already retained\",\n      \"A special drive may be launched annually to record and review all category 'C' files\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.9(viii)<\/b> provides the opposite: publications, orders and similar records 'will also be subject to periodic reviews at suitable intervals and those no longer needed should be weeded out', each section maintaining a register for the purpose. The other statements reproduce clauses (x)(a), (i) and (ix)(a).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 144,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Progress reports on the recording and review of files are prepared each quarter, in duplicate, for the preceding quarter by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"branch officer\",\n      \"section officer\",\n      \"record officer\",\n      \"designated section looking after Internal Work Study\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.10(i)<\/b> \u2014 'The record officer will prepare each quarter, in duplicate, progress reports on the recording and review of files for the preceding quarter... and submit them... to the section officer.' The section officer's role begins at the next stage, checking the two statements under clause (ii).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 145,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"The quarterly progress reports on recording and review of files are submitted by the record officer together with the:\\n1. Register for watching progress of recording\\n2. Lists of files received for review\\n3. Record review register maintained by the departmental record room\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.10(i)(a) and (b)<\/b> name only two accompanying records \u2014 the register for watching progress of recording and the lists of files received for review. The record review register is maintained by the departmental record room under <b>Para 10.8(iv)<\/b> for entering category 'C' files due for review, and does not travel with the quarterly reports.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 146,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"After checking the two quarterly statements, the section officer submits one copy of the report to the branch officer and sends the other to the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"departmental record room\",\n      \"Departmental Records Officer\",\n      \"National Archives of India\",\n      \"designated section looking after Internal Work Study\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.10(ii)<\/b> \u2014 'The section officer will check the two statements, submit one copy of the report to the branch officer and send the other to the designated section looking after Internal Work Study.' The duplicate preparation required of the record officer under clause (i) exists precisely to serve these two destinations.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 147,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"The consolidated statement of recording and review for the Department as a whole is prepared by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"designated section entrusted with the functions of Internal Work Study\",\n      \"departmental record room\",\n      \"Departmental Records Officer\",\n      \"branch officer of each section\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.10(iii)(b)<\/b> \u2014 the designated section entrusted with Internal Work Study is to 'prepare the consolidated statement for the Department as a whole by vertically totalling the columns'. It also posts figures and returns the individual reports to the sections concerned under clause (a).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 148,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Any significant trends in the matter of recording and review of files are required to be brought to the notice of the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"branch officer and the section officer\",\n      \"designated Organisation and Method officer and the Secretary\",\n      \"Departmental Records Officer and the National Archives of India\",\n      \"Joint Secretary in charge of administration\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.10(iii)(d)<\/b> \u2014 the designated section is to 'bring to the notice of the designated O&M officer and the Secretary, any significant trends in the matter.' The escalation runs to the top of the Department, which is what distinguishes this obligation from the routine watch on progress under clause (c).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 149,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"The personal offices of Ministers are required to maintain which of the following records?\\n1. Registration register\\n2. Dispatch register\\n3. File movement register\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.11(a)<\/b> \u2014 'The personal offices of Ministers shall maintain necessary records such as registration, dispatch and file movement registers.' The clause adds that these 'will be in addition to files and folders for papers of secret nature connected with the Cabinet meetings, etc. and for such subjects as considered necessary.'\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 150,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"When a file or paper is given to the Minister informally for seeking orders or for any other purpose, the officer to be informed is the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Secretary of the Department\",\n      \"Joint Secretary in charge of administration\",\n      \"Private Secretary to the Minister\",\n      \"Departmental Records Officer\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.11(b)<\/b> \u2014 'the PS to Minister will be informed. PS to Minister will on receipt of these particulars, will satisfy that such a file has been received by the Minister and watch its further movement.' Two duties follow from the intimation: verification of receipt, and a continuing watch on movement.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 151,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"A file given informally to the Minister is required to be returned to the officer concerned:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"within seven days of its receipt in the Minister's office\",\n      \"only after the Private Secretary has recorded the decision on the file\",\n      \"at the end of the month in which it was received\",\n      \"as soon as the matter has received the attention of the Minister and the file has been disposed of\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.11(b)<\/b> \u2014 'The file will be returned to the officer concerned as soon as the matter has received the attention of the Minister and the file has been disposed of.' The test is functional rather than calendar-based: return follows disposal, not the expiry of any fixed period.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 152,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"The review and weeding out of records maintained by officers and their personal staff is regulated by:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"departmental instructions issued by each Department\",\n      \"the retention schedule at Appendix 10.10\",\n      \"the Public Records Rules, 1997\",\n      \"instructions issued by the National Archives of India\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.12<\/b> \u2014 'Each Department may issue departmental instructions to regulate the review and weeding out of records maintained by officers and their personal staff.' This parallels <b>Para 10.3<\/b>, under which each Department issues instructions to regulate the recording and reviewing of records generally.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 153,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"A recorded file may be issued from a section, the Departmental Record Room or from Archival records only against a:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"verbal request from an officer not below the rank of Under Secretary\",\n      \"signed requisition in the prescribed form\",\n      \"written order of the Departmental Records Officer\",\n      \"entry in the file movement register\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.13(i)<\/b> \u2014 'No recorded file will be issued from the sections, Departmental Record Room or Archival records except against a signed requisition in form prescribed under Public Records Act, 1993\/Public Records Rules, 1997 in the case of Archival records.' The statutory form applies specifically to archival records.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 154,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Files obtained by a section from the departmental record room are normally required to be returned within:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"one month\",\n      \"three months\",\n      \"six months\",\n      \"one year\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.13(ii)<\/b> \u2014 such files 'will normally be returned within 6 months. If they are not received back within this period, the departmental record room will remind the section concerned.' One year is the corresponding outer limit for files obtained from the National Archives of India under clause (iii)(c).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 155,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"For keeping a record of the files issued to the various sections each month, a simple register is required to be maintained by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Departmental Records Officer alone\",\n      \"record room alone\",\n      \"record room, and a similar register by each section for files borrowed from it\",\n      \"section requisitioning the files alone\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.13(ii)<\/b> \u2014 'the record room will maintain a simple register for keeping a record of the files issued to the various sections each month. A similar register will be maintained by each section as a record of files borrowed from it by other sections.' The obligation is symmetrical, covering both record-room issues and inter-section borrowing.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 156,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Requisitions for files belonging to other departments and in the custody of the National Archives are required to be:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"sent directly to the National Archives by the requisitioning department\",\n      \"approved by an officer not below the rank of Joint Secretary\",\n      \"routed through the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances\",\n      \"got endorsed by the department concerned before they are sent to the Archives\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.13(iii)<\/b> \u2014 such requisitions 'will be got endorsed by the department concerned before they are sent to the Archives.' The owning department's endorsement is the safeguard, and it is reinforced for confidential files, which the Archives will not supply direct but must route through the department to which they belong.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 157,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Where a file requisitioned from the National Archives is a confidential one, the Archives will:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"route it through the department to which it belongs\",\n      \"supply it directly to the requisitioning department under a security classification\",\n      \"decline the requisition altogether\",\n      \"supply only a microfilmed copy in every case\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.13(iii)<\/b> \u2014 'If the requisitioned file happens to be a confidential one, the Archives will not supply the file direct to the requisitioning department but route it through the department to which it belongs.' Supply of a microfilmed or printed copy is a separate rule under sub-clause (b), applying wherever the file has been microfilmed or printed.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 158,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Where a file requisitioned from the National Archives has been microfilmed or printed:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the original is invariably issued\",\n      \"normally a microfilmed or printed copy, and not the original, is issued\",\n      \"the requisition is returned unactioned\",\n      \"the file is issued only with the approval of the Departmental Records Officer\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.13(iii)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'normally a microfilmed or printed copy and not the original will be issued to the requisitioning department.' The rule serves the same object as Category 'A' microfilming under <b>Para 10.4(i)(a)<\/b>: keeping a precious original intact by restricting access to it in its original form.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 159,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Files obtained by a department from the National Archives are not normally retained for more than:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"three months\",\n      \"six months\",\n      \"one year\",\n      \"three years\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.13(iii)(c)<\/b> \u2014 such files 'will not normally be retained for more than a year except with the latter's specific knowledge and consent.' Six months is the corresponding period for files obtained from the department's own record room under clause (ii) \u2014 the two periods are commonly interchanged.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 160,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"While a file is out on requisition from the National Archives of India, the requisition itself is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"returned to the requisitioning department\",\n      \"filed in the record review register\",\n      \"kept in place of the file issued\",\n      \"destroyed once the file is issued\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.13(iii)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'The requisition will be kept in place of the file issued by NAI.' It acts as a marker showing where the file has gone. On return, <b>Para 10.13(iv)<\/b> requires that 'the requisitioned file will be restored to its place and the requisition returned to the section\/official concerned.'\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 161,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following are among the papers normally required to be kept indefinitely for administrative use?\\n1. Papers containing evidence of rights or obligations of or against the government\\n2. Papers relating to major policy decisions, including those relating to the preparation of legislation\\n3. Papers providing lasting precedents for important procedures\\n4. Papers relating to salient features of organisation and staffing of government departments\\nHow many of the above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Only one\",\n      \"Only two\",\n      \"Only three\",\n      \"All four\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Appendix 10.2, Part A<\/b> lists all four among records of value for administrative purposes, along with papers on the constitution and working of important committees and papers relating to important litigation. Files drawn from Part A are those categorised as 'B' \u2014 permanent for administrative purposes but not requiring microfilming \u2014 under <b>Para 10.4(ii)<\/b>.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 162,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"In identifying papers relating to a change of policy as records of historical importance, watch is to be kept for:\\n1. A summary for a Minister\\n2. The appointment of a departmental or inter-departmental committee or working group\\n3. A note for the Cabinet or a Cabinet Committee\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Appendix 10.2, Part B, item 3<\/b> names all three markers, observing that a change of policy 'is not always easy to recognize'. It adds that there should be a conscious effort to preserve all such papers, 'including those reflecting conflicting points of view' \u2014 dissent being part of the historical record.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 163,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"In the case of papers of an inter-Departmental committee, a complete set of papers is required to be kept by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"National Archives of India\",\n      \"Cabinet Secretariat\",\n      \"every department represented on the committee\",\n      \"departments mainly concerned, usually the one providing secretariat assistance\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Appendix 10.2, Part B, item 3<\/b> \u2014 'In the case of inter-Departmental committees, however, it is important that a complete set of papers be kept only by the departments mainly concerned \u2013 usually the one providing secretariat assistance.' The word 'only' is deliberate: the object is to avoid every participating department preserving a duplicate set.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 164,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"The retention period prescribed for a Standing Guard File is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"permanent, to be weeded out when the revised version becomes available\",\n      \"5 years from the date of closure\",\n      \"25 years from the date of closure\",\n      \"3 years from the date of closure\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Appendix 10.10, Sl. No. 2<\/b> \u2014 the Standing Guard File is retained 'Permanent. To be weeded out when the revised version becomes available.' The qualification follows from <b>Para 11.4(v)<\/b>, under which a Standing Guard File loses its utility unless updated regularly; it is superseded rather than allowed to expire.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 165,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following records are retained permanently?\\n1. File register\\n2. File movement register\\n3. Precedent book\\n4. List of files transferred to the National Archives\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Appendix 10.10<\/b> \u2014 the file register (Sl. No. 9), the precedent book (Sl. No. 12) and the 'List of files transferred to National Archives' (Sl. No. 14) all carry the entry 'Permanent'. The file movement register at Sl. No. 10 is retained for three years only, being a tracking record whose value ends once movement ceases.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 166,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"The retention period prescribed for the list of files transferred to the Departmental Record Room is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 year\",\n      \"25 years\",\n      \"3 years\",\n      \"permanent\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Appendix 10.10, Sl. No. 13<\/b> \u2014 the 'List of files transferred to Departmental record room' is retained for 25 years. The corresponding list for files transferred to the National Archives at Sl. No. 14 is permanent \u2014 the distinction tracking the fact that a transfer to the Archives is itself permanent.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 167,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"The retention period prescribed for an Inspection Report is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 year from the date of the inspection\",\n      \"3 years from the date of the inspection\",\n      \"1 year after the Action Taken Note on that report is accepted\",\n      \"5 years after the Action Taken Note on that report is accepted\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Appendix 10.10, Sl. No. 23<\/b> \u2014 an inspection report is retained '1 year after the ATN on that report is accepted.' The period runs not from the inspection but from acceptance of the Action Taken Note, so that the report survives as long as the compliance it generated remains live.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 168,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Record)\\nA. Dak register\\nB. Section Dispatch Register\\nC. Record review register\\nD. Precedent book\\nList-II (Retention period from the date of closure)\\n1. 1 year\\n2. 3 years\\n3. 5 years\\n4. Permanent\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4\",\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4\",\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4\",\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Appendix 10.10<\/b> \u2014 the dak register is retained for 3 years (Sl. No. 1), the Section Dispatch Register for 5 years (Sl. No. 6), the record review register for 1 year (Sl. No. 15) and the precedent book permanently (Sl. No. 12). The precedent book's permanence follows from its function under <b>Para 11.6<\/b> as a lasting record of rulings of precedent value.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 169,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"The retention period for a record is reckoned with reference to the date from which the record:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"was created or opened\",\n      \"was last requisitioned by a section\",\n      \"was transferred to the Departmental Record Room\",\n      \"ceases to be current or active\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Note to Appendix 10.10<\/b> \u2014 'The retention period will be reckoned with reference to the date from which the record ceases to be current\/active.' The Note is consistent with <b>Para 10.9(iii)<\/b>, under which the review year of a category 'C' file runs from the year of its closing rather than its opening.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 170,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Where it is proposed to weed out a register in which certain entries are still current, such as a file movement register or the register of assurances:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the current entries are first transferred to the new register and the old register weeded out thereafter\",\n      \"the register is retained until every entry in it ceases to be current\",\n      \"the current entries are struck off and the register weeded out\",\n      \"the register is transferred to the National Archives of India\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Note to Appendix 10.10<\/b> \u2014 'the current entries will first be transferred to the new register and the old register weeded out thereafter.' The examples given are a file movement register with files not yet recorded, and a register of assurances with assurances not yet implemented \u2014 cases where a single live entry would otherwise freeze the whole register.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 171,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Arrange the following stages of records management in the correct order:\\n1. Recording\\n2. Retention of records\\n3. Appraisal of records\\n4. Transfer to the National Archives of India\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 - 2 - 3 - 4\",\n      \"2 - 1 - 3 - 4\",\n      \"1 - 3 - 2 - 4\",\n      \"3 - 1 - 2 - 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Box 10.1<\/b>, headed 'Stages of Records Management', sets out the life-cycle as creation of records, use of records, recording, retention of records, appraisal of records, review and weeding out, transfer to the Departmental Record Room and transfer to the National Archives of India. Appraisal necessarily follows retention, since it is the retention period expiring that triggers the review under <b>Para 10.9(i)<\/b>.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 172,\n    \"chapterNo\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"Ch 10: Records Management\",\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following statements regarding requisitioning of records is not correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"No recorded file is issued except against a signed requisition in the prescribed form\",\n      \"Files obtained by a department from the National Archives may be retained for up to three years\",\n      \"Files obtained by a section from the departmental record room are normally returned within six months\",\n      \"On return, the requisitioned file is restored to its place and the requisition returned to the section concerned\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.13(iii)(c)<\/b> \u2014 such files 'will not normally be retained for more than a year except with the latter's specific knowledge and consent.' Three years appears in this chapter only in <b>Appendix 10.10<\/b>, as the retention period for registers such as the dak register and the file movement register.\"\n  }\n];\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   3. SANITISE + INDEX\n   Both banks are checked the same way; bad rows are dropped with a\n   console note rather than blanking the widget.\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nfunction sanitise(list, kind){\n  if(!Array.isArray(list)) return [];\n  const ok=[], bad=[];\n  list.forEach((q,i)=>{\n    const good = q && q.id!==undefined && typeof q.question==='string'\n      && Array.isArray(q.options) && q.options.length>=2\n      && Number.isInteger(q.correct) && q.correct>=0 && q.correct<q.options.length\n      && typeof q.chapter==='string' && q.chapter.length;\n    if(good){ q.bank = kind; ok.push(q); } else bad.push({row:i, id:q&&q.id});\n  });\n  if(bad.length) console.warn('['+kind+' bank] skipped '+bad.length+' malformed question(s):', bad);\n  return ok;\n}\nconst PYQ = sanitise(pyqQuestions,'pyq');\nconst CON = sanitise(conceptQuestions,'concept');\nconst QS  = PYQ.concat(CON);\n\nconst L = ['A','B','C','D','E','F'];\nconst uid = q => q.bank+'##'+q.chapter+'##'+q.id;\nconst BY_UID = new Map(QS.map(q=>[uid(q), q]));\n\n\/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------\n   Chapters are keyed on their number, so the two banks do not have to\n   spell the name identically. 'Ch 2', 'CH 2: Right to Information...'\n   and 'Chapter-2' all resolve to the same chapter; the longest spelling\n   found in either bank becomes the display name.\n   --------------------------------------------------------------------- *\/\nconst ROMAN = {i:1,ii:2,iii:3,iv:4,v:5,vi:6,vii:7,viii:8,ix:9,x:10,xi:11,xii:12};\nfunction chKey(str){\n  const t = String(str).toUpperCase().replace(\/[\\u2010-\\u2015]\/g,'-').trim();\n  let m = t.match(\/^(?:CH|CHAP|CHAPTER)\\s*[-.:]?\\s*(\\d+)\/);\n  if(m) return 'CH'+(+m[1]);\n  m = t.match(\/^(?:APPENDICES|APPENDIX|ANNEXURES?|ANNEXES?|APNDX|APPX|APDX|APP)\\s*[-.:]?\\s*(\\d+|[IVX]+)\\b\/);\n  if(m){ const v=m[1]; return 'APP'+(\/^\\d+$\/.test(v) ? +v : (ROMAN[v.toLowerCase()]||v)); }\n  m = t.match(\/^(\\d+)\\s*[-.:)]\/);\n  if(m) return 'CH'+(+m[1]);\n  return 'T:'+t.replace(\/[^A-Z0-9]+\/g,' ').trim();\n}\nconst CH_NAME = (function(){\n  const best={};\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ const k=chKey(q.chapter);\n    if(!best[k] || q.chapter.length>best[k].length) best[k]=q.chapter; });\n  return best;\n})();\nQS.forEach(q=>{ q.chKey = chKey(q.chapter); q.chapter = CH_NAME[q.chKey]; });\n\nconst CHAPTERS = (function(){\n  const seen=[]; QS.forEach(q=>{ if(!seen.includes(q.chapter)) seen.push(q.chapter); }); return seen;\n})();\nconst BY_CH = (()=>{ const m=new Map();\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ if(!m.has(q.chapter)) m.set(q.chapter,[]); m.get(q.chapter).push(q); }); return m; })();\nconst inCh   = c => BY_CH.get(c) || [];\nconst inChB  = (c,b) => inCh(c).filter(q=>q.bank===b);\n\nfunction chOrder(c){\n  const k = chKey(c);\n  if(k.startsWith('CH'))  return [0, +k.slice(2)||0, c];\n  if(k.startsWith('APP')) return [1, +k.slice(3)||99, c];\n  return [2, 0, c];\n}\nfunction byChapterOrder(a,b){\n  const x=chOrder(a.chapter||a), y=chOrder(b.chapter||b);\n  return x[0]-y[0] || x[1]-y[1] || String(x[2]).localeCompare(String(y[2]));\n}\n\n\/* a bank that stores chapter names in block capitals is softened for display *\/\nfunction titleCase(str){\n  const t=String(str), letters=t.replace(\/[^A-Za-z]\/g,'');\n  if(!letters || letters !== letters.toUpperCase()) return t;\n  const small=new Set(['of','the','and','for','in','to','a','an','on','by','or','with','from','as','at','under']);\n  return t.toLowerCase().replace(\/[A-Za-z][A-Za-z'\\u2019]*\/g,(w,i)=>\n    (i>0 && small.has(w)) ? w : w.charAt(0).toUpperCase()+w.slice(1))\n    .replace(\/\\bCh\\b\/g,'Ch').replace(\/\\bC&ag\\b\/gi,'C&AG').replace(\/\\bRti\\b\/g,'RTI');\n}\nconst chShort = c => { const k=chKey(c);\n  return k.startsWith('CH') ? 'Ch '+k.slice(2) : k.startsWith('APP') ? 'Appx '+k.slice(3) : titleCase(c).slice(0,22); };\nconst chBrief = c => { const m=String(c).match(\/^\\s*(?:CH|CHAPTER)\\s*(\\d+)\\s*:\\s*(.+)$\/i);\n  const cap=t=>t.length>40?t.slice(0,38).trim()+'\\u2026':t;\n  return m ? 'Ch '+m[1]+': '+cap(titleCase(m[2])) : cap(titleCase(String(c))); };\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   4. EXAM WEIGHT \u2014 counted, not declared\n   A chapter's weight is its share of the PYQ bank. Nothing is set by\n   hand, so adding a year of papers re-weights the whole page. If there\n   are no PYQs at all, the page falls back to the concept bank's shape\n   and stops calling it exam weight.\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nconst W = (function(){\n  const pyqCount={}, conCount={};\n  CHAPTERS.forEach(c=>{ pyqCount[c]=inChB(c,'pyq').length; conCount[c]=inChB(c,'concept').length; });\n  const totalPyq = PYQ.length, totalCon = CON.length;\n  const weights={};\n  if(totalPyq>0) CHAPTERS.forEach(c=>weights[c]=pyqCount[c]\/totalPyq);\n  else           CHAPTERS.forEach(c=>weights[c]= totalCon?conCount[c]\/totalCon:0);\n  \/\/ chapters the paper has never touched\n  const untested = CHAPTERS.filter(c=>pyqCount[c]===0 && conCount[c]>0);\n  return {weights, pyqCount, conCount, totalPyq, totalCon, untested, measured: totalPyq>0};\n})();\nconst weightOf = c => W.weights[c] || 0;\nconst pctLabel = x => { const v=(x||0)*100; if(!(v>0)) return '0%';\n  return (v<10 ? Math.round(v*10)\/10 : Math.round(v)) + '%'; };\n\n\/* wording \u2014 weights are counted from real papers here, so the exam\n   language is accurate; it softens on its own if no PYQs are loaded *\/\nconst WT = W.measured;\nconst T = {\n  ofPaper   : WT ? 'of the exam'          : 'of this bank',\n  onScreen  : WT ? 'Exam weight on screen': 'Share on screen',\n  colWeight : WT ? 'Exam weight'          : 'Share of bank',\n  covered   : WT ? 'Paper weight touched' : 'Bank covered',\n  projected : WT ? 'Projected paper score': 'Projected score',\n  leakHead  : WT ? 'Where your marks are leaking' : 'Where you are losing the most',\n  leakUnit  : WT ? 'marks \/100'           : 'points \/100',\n  leakWord  : WT ? 'marks'                : 'points',\n  readyDef  : WT ? 'Readiness = \\u03a3 (exam weight \\u00d7 mastery)' : 'Readiness = \\u03a3 (share of the bank \\u00d7 mastery)',\n  paperOut  : WT ? 'the paper would come out near' : 'you would score around'\n};\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   6. PROGRESS (localStorage, one record per quizId)\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nconst SCHEMA = 1;\nconst KEY = 'pe_chapterdrill_' + CFG.quizId;\nfunction blank(){ return { schema:SCHEMA, stats:{}, weak:[], flags:[], log:[], queue:[], queueLabel:'', queueKind:'', lastUid:null }; }\nlet P = (function(){\n  const p = blank();\n  try{\n    const s = localStorage.getItem(KEY);\n    if(s){ const j=JSON.parse(s);\n      if(j && j.schema===SCHEMA) Object.assign(p, j);\n      else if(j) console.warn('[storage] older schema found; starting fresh.');\n    }\n  }catch(e){ console.warn('progress load failed', e); }\n  ['weak','flags','log','queue'].forEach(k=>{ if(!Array.isArray(p[k])) p[k]=[]; });\n  if(!p.stats) p.stats={};\n  return p;\n})();\nlet storageWarned=false;\nfunction save(){\n  try{\n    if(P.log.length>400) P.log = P.log.slice(-400);\n    localStorage.setItem(KEY, JSON.stringify(P));\n  }catch(e){\n    try{ P.log = P.log.slice(-80); localStorage.setItem(KEY, JSON.stringify(P)); }\n    catch(e2){ if(!storageWarned){ storageWarned=true; toast('Your browser is blocking saved progress \u2014 this sitting will not be remembered'); } }\n  }\n}\nfunction stat(u){ if(!P.stats[u]) P.stats[u]={correct:0,incorrect:0,last:null,lastOk:null}; return P.stats[u]; }\nconst flags = new Set(P.flags);\nconst weak  = new Set(P.weak);\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   7. SESSION STATE\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nconst S = { tab:'quiz', filter:'all', chapter:null, bank:'all', i:0, pick:null, nudge:false,\n            query:'', unattempted:false, ans:{}, order:[] };\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   8. FORMAT + TRAIT MODEL\n   SHAPE  = how the question is built (one per question)\n   TRAIT  = what it turns on (a question may carry several)\n   A shape gap is a reading habit; a trait gap is recall. Same number,\n   opposite remedy \u2014 so they are reported separately.\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nconst SHAPES = [\n  { key:'match',  label:'Match the following (List-I \/ List-II)',\n    test:q => \/list\\s*-?\\s*i\\b\/i.test(q.question) },\n  { key:'multi',  label:'Multi-statement \/ how many are correct',\n    test:q => q.question.split(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/).filter(x=>\/^\\s*\\d+[.)]\/.test(x)).length>=2 },\n  { key:'direct', label:'Explanation', test:()=>true }  \/\/ catch-all\n];\nconst TRAITS = [\n  { key:'cite',      label:'Para, rule, article or article-number recall',\n    test:q => \/\\b(para|paragraph|rule|article|section|appendix|schedule|clause)\\s*[-\u2013]?\\s*\\d\/i.test(q.question+' '+q.options.join(' ')) },\n  { key:'period',    label:'Time limits and periods',\n    test:q => \/\\b\\d+\\s*(day|week|month|year|hour)s?\\b|\\b(one|two|three|four|five|six|seven|ten|fourteen|fifteen|twenty|twenty-five|thirty|forty-five|sixty|ninety)[\\s-](day|week|month|year)s?\\b\/i.test(q.options.join(' ')) },\n  { key:'money',     label:'Numbers, monetary limits and percentages',\n    test:q => \/\u20b9|\\bRs\\.?\\s*\\d|\\blakhs?\\b|\\bcrores?\\b|per\\s*cent|%|\\bone-(third|fourth|half|tenth)\\b\/i.test(q.options.join(' ')) },\n  { key:'authority', label:'Competent authority \/ level \/ who does what',\n    test:q => \/\\bwho\\b|\\bby whom\\b|\\bauthority\\b|\\brank of\\b|\\blevel of\\b|\\bnot below\\b|addressed to|shall be (signed|issued|approved|maintained|prepared|submitted)\/i.test(q.question+' '+q.options.join(' ')) },\n  { key:'negative',  label:'Negatively phrased (\u201cNOT correct\u201d, \u201cexcept\u201d)',\n    test:q => \/\\bnot correct\\b|\\bis incorrect\\b|\\bare not correct\\b|\\bexcept\\b|\\bdoes not\\b|\\bcannot\\b|\\bnot required\\b|\\bneed not\\b|\\bis\\\/are not\\b\/i.test(q.question) }\n];\nconst _shape = {};\nfunction shapeOf(q){ const u=uid(q); return _shape[u] || (_shape[u] = SHAPES.find(s=>s.test(q)) || SHAPES[SHAPES.length-1]); }\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   9. MODELS\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nfunction smoothed(c,i){ const k=CFG.priorStrength, p0=CFG.priorAccuracy; return (c + k*p0)\/(c + i + k); }\nfunction expectedRate(c,i,coverage){ return smoothed(c,i)*coverage + CFG.priorAccuracy*(1-coverage); }\nfunction recall(st){\n  if(!st || !st.last || st.correct<2) return null;\n  const R=CFG.retention, reps=Math.max(1, st.correct - st.incorrect);\n  const stability = R.baseDays * Math.pow(R.growth, reps-1);\n  return Math.exp(-((Date.now()-st.last)\/86400000)\/stability);\n}\nfunction retentionIndex(){\n  let s=0,n=0; QS.forEach(q=>{ const r=recall(P.stats[uid(q)]); if(r!==null){s+=r;n++;} });\n  return n ? Math.round(s\/n*100) : null;\n}\nfunction bankStats(c, bank){\n  const qs = inChB(c, bank);\n  let att=0, ok=0, bad=0, mastSum=0;\n  qs.forEach(q=>{ const st=P.stats[uid(q)];\n    if(st && (st.correct+st.incorrect)>0){ att++; ok+=st.correct; bad+=st.incorrect; }\n    mastSum += st ? Math.min(st.correct\/CFG.masteryThreshold,1) : 0; });\n  return { count:qs.length, att, ok, bad,\n           acc:(ok+bad)?ok\/(ok+bad):null,\n           coverage: qs.length?att\/qs.length:0,\n           mastery: qs.length?mastSum\/qs.length:0 };\n}\nfunction chapterRows(){\n  return CHAPTERS.map(c=>{\n    const pyq = bankStats(c,'pyq'), con = bankStats(c,'concept');\n    const count = pyq.count+con.count, att = pyq.att+con.att;\n    const ok = pyq.ok+con.ok, bad = pyq.bad+con.bad;\n    const acc = (ok+bad) ? ok\/(ok+bad) : null;\n    const weight = weightOf(c);\n    const coverage = count?att\/count:0;\n    const mastery  = count ? (pyq.mastery*pyq.count + con.mastery*con.count)\/count : 0;\n    const expected = expectedRate(ok,bad,coverage);\n    const leak = weight*(1-expected);\n    const difficulty = acc===null ? 1 : (1.4 - 0.6*acc);\n    return { chapter:c, count, weight, pyq, con, att, ok, bad,\n             coverage, acc, mastery, expected, leak,\n             priority: weight*(1-mastery)*difficulty };\n  }).sort((a,b)=>b.weight-a.weight);\n}\nfunction readiness(){\n  const rows=chapterRows();\n  return {\n    score     : Math.round(rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.weight*r.mastery,0)*100),\n    projected : Math.round(rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.weight*r.expected,0)*100),\n    covered   : Math.round(rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.weight*r.coverage,0)*100),\n    touched   : Object.values(P.stats).some(s=>(s.correct+s.incorrect)>0),\n    rows\n  };\n}\nfunction masteredCount(){ return QS.filter(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)]; return s && s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold; }).length; }\nfunction formatRows(){\n  const acc={};\n  const ensure=(k,l,kind)=> acc[k] || (acc[k]={key:k,label:l,kind:kind,ok:0,bad:0,total:0,seen:0});\n  SHAPES.forEach(s=>ensure(s.key,s.label,'shape'));\n  TRAITS.forEach(t=>ensure(t.key,t.label,'trait'));\n  QS.forEach(q=>{\n    const s=P.stats[uid(q)], buckets=[acc[shapeOf(q).key]];\n    TRAITS.forEach(t=>{ if(t.test(q)) buckets.push(acc[t.key]); });\n    buckets.forEach(r=>{ r.total++; if(s && (s.correct+s.incorrect)>0){ r.seen++; r.ok+=s.correct; r.bad+=s.incorrect; } });\n  });\n  return Object.values(acc).map(r=>{ const n=r.ok+r.bad; r.attempts=n; r.acc = n? r.ok\/n : null; return r; })\n    .filter(r=>r.total>0);\n}\nfunction dueForRevision(){\n  const risk=CFG.retention.riskBelow;\n  return QS.map(q=>{\n    const st=P.stats[uid(q)], r=recall(st);\n    if(r===null || r>=risk) return null;\n    return { q, recall:r, days:Math.floor((Date.now()-st.last)\/86400000), urgency: weightOf(q.chapter)*(1-r) };\n  }).filter(Boolean).sort((a,b)=>b.urgency-a.urgency);\n}\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   10. SESSION PLANNER\n   Focused set \u2014 chapter time in proportion to the marks leaking out.\n   Mock paper  \u2014 ignores your history, mirrors the shape of the bank.\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nfunction gain(q){\n  const u=uid(q), st=P.stats[u], c=st?st.correct:0, i=st?st.incorrect:0;\n  const deficit = 1 - Math.min(c\/CFG.masteryThreshold, 1);\n  let urgency = 1 + 0.15*deficit;\n  if(weak.has(u)) urgency += 0.60;\n  const r = recall(st);\n  if(r!==null && r<CFG.retention.riskBelow) urgency += (1-r);\n  if(c+i===0) urgency += 0.15;\n  return weightOf(q.chapter)*(deficit+0.12)*urgency;\n}\nfunction allocate(rows,n,shareOf){\n  const total = rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+Math.max(0,shareOf(r)),0);\n  if(!(total>0)) return rows.map(r=>({r,slots:0}));\n  const out = rows.map(r=>{ const exact=n*Math.max(0,shareOf(r))\/total;\n    return {r, exact, slots:Math.min(Math.floor(exact), r.count)}; });\n  let left = n - out.reduce((a,x)=>a+x.slots,0);\n  out.slice().sort((a,b)=>(b.exact-b.slots)-(a.exact-a.slots))\n     .forEach(x=>{ if(left>0 && x.slots<x.r.count){ x.slots++; left--; } });\n  if(left>0) out.slice().sort((a,b)=>shareOf(b.r)-shareOf(a.r))\n     .forEach(x=>{ while(left>0 && x.slots<x.r.count){ x.slots++; left--; } });\n  return out;\n}\n\/* Fisher\u2013Yates, so the order of a sitting is never the order of the bank *\/\nfunction shuffle(a){\n  for(let i=a.length-1;i>0;i--){ const j=Math.floor(Math.random()*(i+1)); [a[i],a[j]]=[a[j],a[i]]; }\n  return a;\n}\n\/* Weighted sampling without replacement: a high score makes a question\n   likely, never certain. Two sittings built back to back therefore share\n   only part of their content instead of being identical. *\/\nfunction sampleWeighted(pool, n, scoreFn){\n  const items = pool.map(q=>({q, w:Math.max(scoreFn(q), 1e-9)}));\n  const out=[];\n  n = Math.min(n, items.length);\n  for(let k=0;k<n;k++){\n    let total=0; items.forEach(x=>total+=x.w);\n    let r=Math.random()*total, hit=items.length-1;\n    for(let i=0;i<items.length;i++){ r-=items[i].w; if(r<=0){ hit=i; break; } }\n    out.push(items[hit].q);\n    items.splice(hit,1);\n  }\n  return out;\n}\nfunction buildSession(kind){\n  const only = kind==='pyq' ? 'pyq' : null;\n  const rows = chapterRows().filter(r=> only ? r[only].count>0 : r.count>0);\n  if(!rows.length) return 0;\n  const cap = kind==='mock' ? CFG.mockSize : kind==='pyq' ? CFG.pyqSize : CFG.sessionSize;\n  const n = Math.min(cap, only==='pyq' ? PYQ.length : QS.length);\n  const share = kind==='focus' ? (r=>r.leak) : (r=>r.weight);\n  const alloc = allocate(rows.map(r=>only?Object.assign({},r,{count:r[only].count}):r), n, share);\n\n  \/\/ whatever you were given last time is pushed down, not banned\n  const last = new Set(P.queue||[]);\n  const fresh = u => last.has(u) ? 0.3 : 1;\n\n  const picked=[];\n  alloc.forEach(({r,slots})=>{\n    if(!slots) return;\n    const pool = only ? inChB(r.chapter,only).slice() : inCh(r.chapter).slice();\n    if(kind==='mock' || kind==='pyq'){\n      \/\/ the mock ignores how well you know a question and simply spreads\n      \/\/ itself over the bank, favouring what you have seen least\n      picked.push(...sampleWeighted(pool, slots, q=>{\n        const st=P.stats[uid(q)], seen=st?(st.correct+st.incorrect):0;\n        const stale=(st&&st.last) ? Math.min((Date.now()-st.last)\/(86400000*30),1) : 1;\n        return (1\/(1+seen*1.6) + 0.35*stale) * fresh(uid(q));\n      }));\n    } else {\n      picked.push(...sampleWeighted(pool, slots, q=>gain(q)*fresh(uid(q))));\n    }\n  });\n  shuffle(picked);\n  P.queue = picked.map(uid);\n  P.queueLabel = kind==='mock' ? 'Mock paper' : kind==='pyq' ? 'PYQ paper' : 'Focused set';\n  P.queueKind = kind;\n  save();\n  return picked.length;\n}\nfunction startSession(kind){\n  const had = (P.queue||[]).length;\n  const n = buildSession(kind);\n  if(!n){ toast('Nothing to build a session from yet'); return; }\n  setTab('quiz'); setFilter('session');\n  S.ans = {};                                   \/\/ a new sitting starts clean\n  toast(P.queueLabel+' ready \u2014 '+n+' fresh questions'+(had?' (previous set replaced)':''), true);\n}\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   11. POOL \/ FILTERS\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nfunction pool(){\n  let p = QS.slice();\n  if(S.filter==='pyq')     p = p.filter(q=>q.bank==='pyq');\n  if(S.filter==='concept') p = p.filter(q=>q.bank==='concept');\n  if(S.filter==='chapter' && S.chapter){\n    p = inCh(S.chapter).slice();\n    if(S.bank!=='all') p = p.filter(q=>q.bank===S.bank);\n  }\n  if(S.filter==='weak')    p = p.filter(q=>weak.has(uid(q)));\n  if(S.filter==='flagged') p = p.filter(q=>flags.has(uid(q)));\n  if(S.filter==='session') p = (P.queue||[]).map(u=>BY_UID.get(u)).filter(Boolean);\n  if(S.query){ const t=S.query.toLowerCase();\n    p = p.filter(q=>(q.question+' '+q.options.join(' ')+' '+q.explanation).toLowerCase().includes(t)); }\n  if(S.unattempted) p = p.filter(q=>S.ans[uid(q)]==null);\n  return p;\n}\nfunction refreshWeak(){\n  weak.clear();\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)];\n    if(s && s.incorrect>=CFG.weakThreshold && s.correct<CFG.masteryThreshold) weak.add(uid(q)); });\n  P.weak=[...weak];\n}\nrefreshWeak();\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   12. STEM RENDERING (statements + List-I \/ List-II)\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nconst cleanStem = t => String(t).replace(\/^\\s*(?:Q|Question)\\s*\\.?\\s*\\d+\\s*[.):\\-]\\s*\/i,'').trim();\nconst QN = '<span class=\"qno\">Q.<\/span>';   \/\/ the marker printed before every stem\nfunction buildStem(raw){\n  const lines = raw.split(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/).map(s=>s.trim()).filter(Boolean);\n  const plain = s => s.replace(\/<\\\/?b>\/g,'').trim();\n  const isMatch = lines.some(l=>\/^List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*I\\b\/i.test(plain(l)));\n  const numbered = lines.filter(l=>\/^\\d+[.)]\\s\/.test(plain(l)));\n  if(isMatch) return matchCard(lines, plain);\n  if(numbered.length>=2) return stmtCard(lines, plain);\n  return plainCard(lines);\n}\n\/* a single-statement question gets the same sheet as the other two, so\n   every question on the page reads the same way *\/\nfunction plainCard(lines){\n  return '<div class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><div class=\"qsheet\">'\n    + lines.map((l,i)=>'<p class=\"'+(i===0?'lead':'close')+'\">'+(i===0?QN:'')+l+'<\/p>').join('')\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\n}\nfunction stmtCard(lines, plain){\n  const isN = l => \/^\\d+[.)]\\s\/.test(plain(l));\n  const first = lines.findIndex(isN);\n  let last=-1; lines.forEach((l,i)=>{ if(isN(l)) last=i; });\n  const head = lines.slice(0,first), tail = lines.slice(last+1);\n  const items = lines.slice(first,last+1).filter(isN).map(l=>plain(l).replace(\/^\\d+[.)]\\s*\/,''));\n  return '<div class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><div class=\"qsheet\">'\n    + head.map((l,i)=>'<p class=\"'+(i===0?'lead':'intro')+'\">'+(i===0?QN:'')+l+'<\/p>').join('')\n    + '<ol class=\"stmts\">'+items.map(t=>'<li><span>'+t+'<\/span><\/li>').join('')+'<\/ol>'\n    + tail.map(l=>'<p class=\"close\">'+l+'<\/p>').join('')\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\n}\n\/* Match-the-following comes in every shape: one item per line, or the\n   whole list run together on a single line separated by semicolons or\n   commas, or nothing at all between items. All three are split here so\n   the two columns always come out as proper rows. *\/\nfunction splitItems(body, kind){\n  const lab = kind==='alpha' ? '[A-Fa-f]' : '\\\\d{1,2}';\n  const mk  = re => new RegExp(re.replace('LAB', lab), 'g');\n  let parts = body.split(mk('\\\\s*[;\\\\n]\\\\s*(?=LAB\\\\s*[.):]\\\\s)'));\n  if(parts.length < 2) parts = body.split(mk('\\\\s*,\\\\s*(?=LAB\\\\s*[.):]\\\\s)'));\n  if(parts.length < 2) parts = body.split(mk('(?<=\\\\S)\\\\s+(?=LAB\\\\s*[.)]\\\\s)'));\n  const re = new RegExp('^\\\\s*('+lab+')\\\\s*[.):]\\\\s*(.+?)\\\\s*[;,.]?\\\\s*$');\n  return parts.map(p=>{ const m=String(p).match(re);\n    return m ? {k:m[1].toUpperCase(), v:m[2]} : null; }).filter(Boolean);\n}\nfunction matchCard(lines, plain){\n  \/\/ keep line breaks, normalise only runs of spaces\n  const text = lines.map(plain).join('\\n').replace(\/[ \\t]+\/g,' ').trim();\n\n  \/* The opening line almost always names both lists \u2014 \"Match List-I with\n     List-II and select\u2026\" \u2014 so the first occurrence of each is the wrong\n     one. Take the last List-I that actually has items after it, and the\n     first List-II following that. *\/\n  const at = re => [...text.matchAll(re)].map(m=>m.index);\n  const posI  = at(\/List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*I\\b\/gi);\n  const posII = at(\/List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*II\\b\/gi);\n  const hasItems = (str,kind) =>\n    (kind==='alpha' ? \/[A-F]\\s*[.):]\\s\/ : \/\\d{1,2}\\s*[.):]\\s\/).test(str);\n  let iI=-1, iII=-1;\n  for(let k=posI.length-1;k>=0 && iI<0;k--){\n    const ii = posII.find(x=>x>posI[k]);\n    if(ii===undefined) continue;\n    if(hasItems(text.slice(posI[k],ii),'alpha') && hasItems(text.slice(ii),'num')){ iI=posI[k]; iII=ii; }\n  }\n  if(iI<0 || iII<0) return plainCard(lines);\n\n  const head  = text.slice(0, iI).trim();\n  let segI    = text.slice(iI, iII).trim();\n  let segII   = text.slice(iII).trim();\n\n  \/\/ anything after the lists \u2014 \"Code :\", \"Select the correct answer\u2026\"\n  let tail = '';\n  const t = segII.match(\/(?:\\n|\\s)(Code\\s*[:.]?\\s*$|(?:Select|Choose)\\b[\\s\\S]*$)\/i);\n  if(t){ tail = t[1].trim(); segII = segII.slice(0, t.index).trim(); }\n\n  \/\/ column captions: \"List-I (Purpose of Leave) :\"\n  const capRe = \/^List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*I{1,2}\\b\\s*(\\([^)]*\\))?\\s*[:.]?\\s*\/i;\n  const hI  = segI.match(capRe),  hII = segII.match(capRe);\n  const capI  = hI  ? hI[0].replace(\/[\\s:.]+$\/,'')  : 'List-I';\n  const capII = hII ? hII[0].replace(\/[\\s:.]+$\/,'') : 'List-II';\n  const rowsI  = splitItems(hI  ? segI.slice(hI[0].length)  : segI,  'alpha');\n  const rowsII = splitItems(hII ? segII.slice(hII[0].length): segII, 'num');\n  if(!rowsI.length || !rowsII.length) return plainCard(lines);\n\n  const cell = x => '<li><b>'+x.k+'.<\/b><span>'+x.v+'<\/span><\/li>';\n  const headLines = head ? head.split('\\n').filter(Boolean) : [];\n  return '<div class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><div class=\"qsheet\">'\n    + (headLines.length\n        ? headLines.map((l,i)=>'<p class=\"'+(i===0?'lead':'intro')+'\">'+(i===0?QN:'')+l+'<\/p>').join('')\n        : '<p class=\"lead\">'+QN+'Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:<\/p>')\n    + '<div class=\"lists\">'\n      + '<div class=\"lcol\"><h5>'+capI+'<\/h5><ul>'+rowsI.map(cell).join('')+'<\/ul><\/div>'\n      + '<div class=\"lcol\"><h5>'+capII+'<\/h5><ul>'+rowsII.map(cell).join('')+'<\/ul><\/div>'\n    + '<\/div>'\n    + '<p class=\"close\">'+(tail || 'Select the correct answer using the code given below:')+'<\/p>'\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\n}\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   13. UI HELPERS\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nconst $ = id => document.getElementById(id);\nlet toastTimer=null;\nfunction toast(msg, ok){\n  const t=$('toast'); t.innerHTML=msg; t.className='toast show'+(ok?' ok':'');\n  clearTimeout(toastTimer); toastTimer=setTimeout(()=>t.className='toast',3000);\n}\nconst SRC_ON = !!(CFG.sourceUrl && CFG.sourceUrl.trim());\nconst stripHtml = s => String(s).replace(\/<[^>]+>\/g,'').replace(\/\\s+\/g,' ').trim();\nconst preview = (q,n) => { const t=stripHtml(q.question); return t.length>n ? t.slice(0,n)+'\u2026' : t; };\nfunction stars(u){\n  const s=P.stats[u]; if(!s || (s.correct+s.incorrect)===0) return null;\n  return { filled: Math.min(s.correct, CFG.masteryThreshold), c:s.correct, i:s.incorrect };\n}\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   14. RENDER \u2014 PRACTICE\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nfunction renderCtx(){\n  const panel=$('chapPanel');\n  const on = S.filter==='chapter';\n  panel.classList.toggle('hide', !on);\n  if(!on) return;\n  document.querySelectorAll('#cdRoot .bankseg button').forEach(b=>\n    b.setAttribute('aria-pressed', b.dataset.bank===S.bank));\n  const rows = chapterRows().filter(r=>r.count>0).sort(byChapterOrder);\n  if(!S.chapter || !rows.some(r=>r.chapter===S.chapter)) S.chapter = rows[0] ? rows[0].chapter : null;\n  $('chapList').innerHTML = rows.map((r,n)=>{\n    const sel = r.chapter===S.chapter;\n    const mastered = inCh(r.chapter).filter(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)]; return s && s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold; }).length;\n    const title = r.chapter+(WT?' \u2014 '+pctLabel(r.weight)+' of the exam':'')\n                + ' \u00b7 '+r.pyq.count+' PYQs, '+r.con.count+' concept MCQs \u00b7 '\n                + Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'% seen'+(mastered?' \u00b7 '+mastered+' mastered':'');\n    return '<button class=\"chapchip\" aria-pressed=\"'+sel+'\" data-ch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.chapter)+'\" title=\"'+title+'\">'\n      + '<span class=\"no\">'+(n+1)+'<\/span>'\n      + '<span class=\"cn\">'+titleCase(r.chapter)+'<\/span>'\n      + (WT ? '<span class=\"cw\">'+pctLabel(r.weight)+' of exam<\/span>' : '')\n      + (mastered===r.count ? '<span class=\"done\">\u2713<\/span>' : '')\n      + '<span class=\"cc pyq\" title=\"previous year questions\">'+r.pyq.count+'<\/span>'\n      + '<span class=\"cc con\" title=\"concept MCQs\">'+r.con.count+'<\/span><\/button>';\n  }).join('');\n  const r = rows.find(x=>x.chapter===S.chapter);\n  $('ctxMeta').textContent = r\n    ? Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'% seen \u00b7 '+(r.acc===null?'not attempted':Math.round(r.acc*100)+'% accurate')\n    : '';\n}\nfunction render(){\n  renderCtx();\n  const p = pool();\n  const ec = $('emptyCard');\n  if(!p.length){\n    $('qCard').classList.add('hide'); ec.classList.remove('hide');\n    $('emptyBody').innerHTML =\n      S.query    ? '<b>No match for \u201c'+S.query+'\u201d<\/b>Try a rule or paragraph number, or a phrase like \u201cpart file\u201d.' :\n      S.filter==='weak'    ? '<b>No weak areas yet<\/b>Anything you answer wrong lands here until you have it right '+CFG.masteryThreshold+' times.' :\n      S.filter==='flagged' ? '<b>Nothing flagged yet<\/b>Press <b style=\"display:inline\">Flag for review<\/b> under any question and it collects here.' :\n      S.filter==='session' ? '<b>No session built yet<\/b>Open My Performance and build a Focused set or a Mock paper.' :\n      S.unattempted        ? '<b>You have attempted everything here<\/b>Turn off \u201cUnattempted only\u201d to revise what you have done.' :\n                             '<b>No questions in this selection<\/b>Clear the search or pick another chapter.';\n    renderNav(p); rail(p); return;\n  }\n  ec.classList.add('hide'); $('qCard').classList.remove('hide');\n  if(S.i>=p.length) S.i=0; if(S.i<0) S.i=p.length-1;\n\n  const q=p[S.i], u=uid(q), given=S.ans[u];\n  $('qCount').textContent = 'Question '+(S.i+1)+' of '+p.length;\n  $('qChap').textContent  = chBrief(q.chapter);\n  const src=$('qSrc');\n  src.className = 'badge-src '+(q.bank==='pyq'?'pyq':'con');\n  src.textContent = q.bank==='pyq' ? ('PYQ'+(q.year?' '+q.year:'')) : 'Concept';\n  const tags=[];\n  if(weak.has(u))  tags.push('<span class=\"qtag weak\">\u26a0\ufe0f Weak<\/span>');\n  if(flags.has(u)) tags.push('<span class=\"qtag flag\">\ud83d\udd16 Flagged<\/span>');\n  const sMast=P.stats[u];\n  if(sMast && sMast.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold) tags.push('<span class=\"qtag done\">\u2713 Mastered<\/span>');\n  $('qTags').innerHTML = tags.join('');\n  const st = stars(u), badge=$('qMastery');\n  if(!st){ badge.textContent='Not seen yet'; badge.className='badge-m'; }\n  else {\n    const done = st.c>=CFG.masteryThreshold;\n    badge.textContent = '\u2605'.repeat(st.filled)+'\u2606'.repeat(Math.max(0,CFG.masteryThreshold-st.filled))+'  '+st.c+'\u2713 '+st.i+'\u2717';\n    badge.className = 'badge-m'+(weak.has(u)&&!done?' weak':'');\n  }\n  $('qStem').outerHTML = buildStem(cleanStem(q.question));\n\n  const box=$('qOpts'); box.innerHTML='';\n  q.options.forEach((o,k)=>{\n    const b=document.createElement('button');\n    b.className='opt';\n    b.innerHTML='<span class=\"key\">('+L[k].toLowerCase()+')<\/span><span class=\"txt\">'+o+'<\/span>';\n    if(given!=null){\n      b.disabled=true;\n      if(k===q.correct){ b.classList.add('right'); b.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend','<span class=\"mark r\">Correct<\/span>'); }\n      else if(k===given){ b.classList.add('wrong'); b.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend','<span class=\"mark w\">Your answer<\/span>'); }\n    } else if(S.pick===k) b.classList.add('sel');\n    b.onclick=()=>{ if(given!=null) return; S.pick=k; S.nudge=false; render(); };\n    box.appendChild(b);\n  });\n\n  const bc=$('btnCheck');\n  bc.disabled = given!=null;\n  bc.textContent = given!=null ? 'Answered \u2713' : 'Check answer';\n  $('pickHint').classList.toggle('hide', !(given==null && S.pick==null && S.nudge));\n  const on = flags.has(u);\n  $('btnFlag').setAttribute('aria-pressed', on);\n  $('flagIco').textContent = on ? '\ud83d\udd16' : '\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f';\n  $('flagTxt').textContent = on ? 'Flagged' : 'Flag for review';\n\n  const res=$('result');\n  res.classList.toggle('hide', given==null);\n  if(given!=null){\n    const ok = given===q.correct, v=$('verdict');\n    v.className='verdict '+(ok?'r':'w');\n    v.innerHTML = ok ? '\u2713 Correct \u2014 '+L[q.correct]+' is right'\n                     : '\u2715 Not quite \u2014 the answer is '+L[q.correct];\n    $('explBody').innerHTML = q.explanation;\n  }\n  renderNav(p); rail(p);\n}\nlet navOpen=true;\nfunction renderNav(p){\n  const card=$('navCard');\n  if(!p.length){ card.classList.add('hide'); return; }\n  card.classList.remove('hide');\n  const done=p.filter(q=>S.ans[uid(q)]!=null).length;\n  $('navTitle').textContent = 'Navigator \u2014 '+done+' of '+p.length+' attempted';\n  const g=$('navGrid');\n  g.classList.toggle('hide', !navOpen);\n  $('navToggle').textContent = navOpen ? 'Hide' : 'Show';\n  if(!navOpen) return;\n  g.innerHTML='';\n  p.forEach((q,k)=>{\n    const u=uid(q), a=S.ans[u], s=P.stats[u];\n    const b=document.createElement('button');\n    b.className='nq'+(k===S.i?' cur':(a!=null?(a===q.correct?' r':' w'):''))\n              + (s && s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold ? ' mastered':'');\n    b.innerHTML=(k+1)+(flags.has(u)?'<span class=\"fl\">\ud83d\udd16<\/span>':'');\n    b.title = 'Q'+(k+1)+' \u00b7 '+chBrief(q.chapter)+(a!=null?(a===q.correct?' \u00b7 correct':' \u00b7 wrong'):'');\n    b.setAttribute('aria-label','Go to question '+(k+1));\n    b.onclick=()=>{ S.i=k; S.pick=null; render(); };\n    g.appendChild(b);\n  });\n}\nfunction rail(p){\n  const seen=Object.keys(S.ans).length;\n  const right=Object.entries(S.ans).filter(([u,a])=>BY_UID.get(u) && BY_UID.get(u).correct===a).length;\n  $('sPct').textContent = seen ? Math.round(right\/seen*100)+'%' : '\u2014';\n  $('sFrac').textContent = right+' of '+seen+' correct';\n  $('sBar').style.width = (seen?right\/seen*100:0)+'%';\n  $('sSeen').textContent = seen+' attempted';\n  $('sLeft').textContent = Math.max(0,p.length-S.i-1)+' left here';\n  const st=$('streak'); st.innerHTML='';\n  Object.entries(S.ans).slice(-10).forEach(([u,a])=>{\n    const q=BY_UID.get(u); if(!q) return;\n    const el=document.createElement('i'); el.className = q.correct===a?'r':'w'; st.appendChild(el);\n  });\n  const chs=[...new Set(p.map(q=>q.chapter))];\n  const w=chs.reduce((s,c)=>s+weightOf(c),0)*100;\n  $('wPct').textContent = w.toFixed(1)+'%';\n  $('wNote').textContent = p.length+' questions on screen, from '+chs.length+' '+(chs.length===1?'chapter':'chapters')+'. '\n    + (w>=35 ? 'That is a big slice in one sitting \u2014 worth clearing properly.' : 'Useful for topping up once the bigger chapters are secure.');\n  hdr();\n}\nfunction hdr(){\n  $('hQ').textContent = QS.length;\n  $('hCh').textContent = CHAPTERS.length;\n  $('hMastered').textContent = (QS.length ? Math.round(masteredCount()\/QS.length*100) : 0)+'%';\n  const r=readiness();\n  $('hReady').textContent = r.touched ? r.score+'%' : '\u2014';\n  $('fAll').textContent  = QS.length;\n  $('fPyq').textContent  = PYQ.length;\n  $('fCon').textContent  = CON.length;\n  $('fWeak').textContent = weak.size;\n  $('fFlag').textContent = flags.size;\n  $('fSess').textContent = (P.queue||[]).length;\n  $('pillSession').classList.toggle('hide', !(P.queue||[]).length);\n  $('sessLabel').textContent = P.queueLabel || 'My session';\n  $('perfPill').classList.toggle('hide', weak.size<5);\n}\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   15. RENDER \u2014 PERFORMANCE\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nfunction renderPerf(){\n  const body=$('perfBody');\n  const seen=Object.values(P.stats).filter(s=>(s.correct+s.incorrect)>0).length;\n  $('perfCount').textContent = seen+' questions attempted';\n\n  if(!QS.length){ body.innerHTML='<div class=\"empty\"><b>No questions loaded<\/b>Paste your bank into <code>chapterQuestions<\/code> and reload.<\/div>'; return; }\n  const R = readiness();\n  if(!R.touched){\n    body.innerHTML = '<div class=\"empty\"><b>Your coach is waiting for data<\/b>Answer a few questions in Practice. '\n      + 'The coach then scores your readiness against the weightage of each chapter, works out where marks are leaking, and builds the next sitting for you.<\/div>'\n      + plannerHTML(true);\n    bindPerf(); return;\n  }\n  const rows=R.rows, byPriority=[...rows].sort((a,b)=>b.priority-a.priority);\n  const allC=Object.values(P.stats).reduce((a,s)=>a+s.correct,0);\n  const allI=Object.values(P.stats).reduce((a,s)=>a+s.incorrect,0);\n  const accAll = (allC+allI) ? Math.round(allC\/(allC+allI)*100) : 0;\n  const recent = P.log.slice(-20);\n  const accRec = recent.length ? Math.round(recent.filter(x=>x.ok).length\/recent.length*100) : 0;\n  const trend = recent.length>=5 ? (accRec>accAll?' \u2197':(accRec<accAll?' \u2198':'')) : '';\n  const ret = retentionIndex();\n  const due = dueForRevision();\n  const band=(v,hi,mid)=> v>=hi?'var(--ok)': v>=mid?'#8A6206':'var(--bad)';\n\n  const verdict = R.score>=80 ? '<b>In good shape.<\/b> Hold it there with the revision queue and weak-area drills.'\n    : R.score>=60 ? '<b>Strong base.<\/b> Close the gaps in the biggest chapters below to cross 80.'\n    : R.score>=35 ? '<b>Building up.<\/b> Work the plan top-down \u2014 it is ordered by what will move this number fastest.'\n    : '<b>Early stage.<\/b> Start at the top of the plan; the biggest chapters move this number fastest.';\n\n  body.innerHTML =\n  '<div class=\"hero2\">'\n  + '<div class=\"ring-card\"><div class=\"ring\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Readiness '+R.score+' out of 100\">'\n    + '<svg width=\"150\" height=\"150\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle class=\"bg\" cx=\"75\" cy=\"75\" r=\"64\"><\/circle>'\n    + '<circle class=\"fg\" cx=\"75\" cy=\"75\" r=\"64\" stroke-dasharray=\"402\" stroke-dashoffset=\"'+(402-402*R.score\/100)+'\"><\/circle><\/svg>'\n    + '<div class=\"ring-txt\"><b>'+R.score+'<\/b><span>Readiness \/ 100<\/span><\/div><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"verdict2\">'+verdict+'<br><span style=\"font-size:11.6px;opacity:.85\">'+T.readyDef+' across '+CHAPTERS.length\n    + ' chapters. On today\\u2019s form '+T.paperOut+' <b>'+R.projected+'%<\/b>.<\/span><\/div><\/div>'\n  + '<div class=\"coach\"><h4>\ud83e\udded What to do next<\/h4><div id=\"recoList\"><\/div><\/div>'\n  + '<\/div>'\n\n  + plannerHTML(false)\n\n  + '<div class=\"kpis\">'\n    + kpi(R.projected+'%',T.projected, band(R.projected,65,45))\n    + kpi(R.covered+'%',T.covered, band(R.covered,70,40))\n    + kpi(ret===null?'\u2014':ret+'%','Retention now', ret===null?'var(--slate)':band(ret,75,55))\n    + kpi(accAll+'%','Lifetime accuracy', band(accAll,70,45))\n    + kpi(accRec+'%'+trend,'Last 20 attempts', band(accRec,70,45))\n    + kpi(masteredCount(),'Mastered ('+CFG.masteryThreshold+'\u2713)','var(--ok)')\n    + kpi(weak.size,'Weak questions','var(--bad)')\n    + kpi(flags.size,'Flagged','#8A6206')\n  + '<\/div>'\n\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">02<\/span>Chapter performance vs '+(WT?'exam weight':'bank share')+'<\/h4>'\n    + '<p>Both banks scored separately, so you can see a chapter that is fine on practice questions and weak on the real paper.<\/p><\/div>'\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">priority = high weight \\u00d7 low accuracy<\/span><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"tblwrap\" style=\"border:0;border-radius:0\"><table class=\"perf-t nested\"><thead>'\n    + '<tr><th rowspan=\"2\" class=\"lft\">Chapter<\/th><th rowspan=\"2\">'+T.colWeight+'<\/th>'\n    + '<th colspan=\"2\" class=\"grp pyq\">PYQs<\/th>'\n    + '<th colspan=\"2\" class=\"grp con\">Concept MCQs<\/th>'\n    + '<th rowspan=\"2\">Status<\/th><th rowspan=\"2\">Practice<\/th><\/tr>'\n    + '<tr><th class=\"sub2\">Covered<\/th><th class=\"sub2\">Accuracy<\/th>'\n    + '<th class=\"sub2\">Covered<\/th><th class=\"sub2\">Accuracy<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>'\n    + byPriority.map(r=>{\n        const a = r.acc===null?null:Math.round(r.acc*100);\n        const tag = r.count===0 ? '<span class=\"tag na\">No questions<\/span>'\n          : r.acc===null ? '<span class=\"tag na\">Not started<\/span>'\n          : a<45 ? '<span class=\"tag hot\">Critical<\/span>'\n          : a<65 ? '<span class=\"tag warm\">Needs work<\/span>'\n          : a<85 ? '<span class=\"tag ok\">On track<\/span>'\n                 : '<span class=\"tag good\">Strong<\/span>';\n        const cov = b => b.count ? b.att+'\/'+b.count : '<span class=\"nil\">\\u2014<\/span>';\n        const accCell = b => {\n          if(b.acc===null) return '<span class=\"nil\">\\u2014<\/span>';\n          const v=Math.round(b.acc*100);\n          const col = v<45?'var(--bad)':v<65?'var(--gold)':'var(--ok)';\n          return '<div class=\"minibar\"><i style=\"width:'+Math.max(v,4)+'%;background:'+col+'\"><\/i><\/div>'\n               + '<span class=\"miniv\" style=\"color:'+col+'\">'+v+'%<\/span>';\n        };\n        const wcell = '<b class=\"wt\">'+pctLabel(r.weight)+'<\/b>'\n          + (WT ? '<span class=\"wsub\">('+r.pyq.count+' PYQ'+(r.pyq.count===1?'':'s')+')<\/span>' : '');\n        return '<tr><td class=\"lft\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/td>'\n          + '<td>'+wcell+'<\/td>'\n          + '<td>'+cov(r.pyq)+'<\/td><td>'+accCell(r.pyq)+'<\/td>'\n          + '<td>'+cov(r.con)+'<\/td><td>'+accCell(r.con)+'<\/td>'\n          + '<td>'+tag+'<\/td>'\n          + '<td class=\"prac\">'\n            + (r.pyq.count?'<button class=\"mini-go pyq\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.chapter)+'\" data-bank=\"pyq\">PYQ<\/button>':'')\n            + (r.con.count?'<button class=\"mini-go\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.chapter)+'\" data-bank=\"concept\">Drill<\/button>':'')\n          + '<\/td><\/tr>';\n      }).join('')\n    + '<\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section>'\n\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">03<\/span>'+T.leakHead+'<\/h4>'\n    + '<p id=\"leakNote\"><\/p><\/div>'\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">'+rows.filter(r=>r.count>0).length+' chapters<\/span><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"leakBars\"><\/div><\/section>'\n\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">04<\/span>How you handle each kind of question<\/h4>'\n    + '<p id=\"fmtNote\"><\/p><\/div>'\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">format beats topic when the gap is wide<\/span><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"subhead\"><h5>How the question is built<\/h5><span>one shape per question<\/span><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"shapeBars\"><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"subhead\"><h5>What the question turns on<\/h5><span>a question can sit in more than one \u2014 a time limit asked as a multi-statement code counts on both<\/span><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"traitBars\"><\/div><\/section>'\n\n  + '<div class=\"split\">'\n    + '<div class=\"panel\"><h4 class=\"ph\"><span class=\"secno\">05<\/span> Revision queue \u2014 what is fading fastest<\/h4><div id=\"revQ\"><\/div><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"panel\"><h4 class=\"ph\"><span class=\"secno\">06<\/span> Mastery distribution<\/h4><div id=\"mastDist\"><\/div><\/div>'\n  + '<\/div>'\n\n  + '<div class=\"danger\"><p><b>Danger zone.<\/b> This permanently erases your lifetime performance for this subject \u2014 mastery, weak areas, flags, accuracy history and the readiness score. Reset session on the Practice tab does <b>not<\/b> touch this.<\/p>'\n    + '<button class=\"dbtn\" id=\"btnWipe\">\ud83d\uddd1\ufe0f Reset my performance<\/button><\/div>';\n\n  renderRecos(byPriority, rows, due);\n  renderLeaks(rows);\n  renderFormats();\n  renderRevision(due);\n  renderMastery();\n  bindPerf();\n}\nfunction kpi(v,l,color){ return '<div class=\"kpi\"><b style=\"color:'+color+'\">'+v+'<\/b><span>'+l+'<\/span><\/div>'; }\nfunction plannerHTML(empty){\n  const rows=chapterRows().filter(r=>r.count>0).sort((a,b)=>b.leak-a.leak).slice(0,2).map(r=>chShort(r.chapter));\n  return '<div class=\"planner\"><div><h4><span class=\"secno\">01<\/span>Plan the next sitting<\/h4><p id=\"plannerNote\">'\n    + (empty\n        ? 'The focused set gives each chapter time in proportion to what you are losing in it. The mock paper ignores your history and mirrors the shape of the whole bank. Neither is fixed \\u2014 build again and you get a fresh set of questions.'\n        : 'The focused set gives each chapter time in proportion to what is leaking out of it \\u2014 right now mostly <b>'+rows.join('<\/b> and <b>')+'<\/b>. The mock paper mirrors the exam weight across both banks, and the PYQ paper drills nothing but real papers. None of them is fixed: press again for a fresh set, and last time\\u2019s questions are pushed to the back of the queue.')\n    + '<\/p><\/div><div class=\"pbtns\">'\n    + '<button class=\"pbtn primary\" id=\"btnFocus\">\ud83e\udde9 Focused set \u2014 '+Math.min(CFG.sessionSize,QS.length)+' Q<\/button>'\n    + '<button class=\"pbtn\" id=\"btnMock\">\ud83d\udcc4 Mock paper \u2014 '+Math.min(CFG.mockSize,QS.length)+' Q<\/button>'\n    + (PYQ.length ? '<button class=\"pbtn navy\" id=\"btnPyq\">\ud83d\udcdc PYQ paper \u2014 '+Math.min(CFG.pyqSize,PYQ.length)+' Q<\/button>' : '')\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\n}\nfunction renderRecos(byPriority, rows, due){\n  const out=[], named=new Set();\n  byPriority.slice(0,3).forEach(r=>{\n    if(!r.count) return;\n    named.add(r.chapter);\n    const imp = WT ? '<b>'+pctLabel(r.weight)+'<\/b> of the exam ('+r.pyq.count+' PYQ'+(r.pyq.count===1?'':'s')+')' : '';\n    if(r.acc===null)\n      out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83e\udded',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(imp?' is '+imp+' and':'')+' you have not touched it yet \u2014 start here.',ch:r.chapter});\n    else if(r.acc<0.6)\n      out.push({ic:'hot',icon:'\ud83d\udd25',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(imp?', '+imp+',':'')+' is running at only <b>'+Math.round(r.acc*100)+'%<\/b> \u2014 about <b>'+(r.leak*100).toFixed(1)+' '+T.leakWord+' per 100<\/b> are going here.',ch:r.chapter});\n    else if(r.coverage<0.6)\n      out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\ud83d\udd0d',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>: accuracy is fine at '+Math.round(r.acc*100)+'%, but you have seen only <b>'+Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'%<\/b> of a chapter'+(imp?' '+imp:'')+' \u2014 finish the set.',ch:r.chapter});\n    else\n      out.push({ic:'good',icon:'\u2705',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(imp?' ('+stripHtml(imp)+')':'')+' is in good shape at '+Math.round(r.acc*100)+'% \u2014 keep it warm through the revision queue.',ch:r.chapter});\n  });\n\n  \/\/ a format gap costs you in every chapter at once\n  const f = formatRows().filter(r=>r.acc!==null && r.attempts>=8).sort((a,b)=>a.acc-b.acc);\n  if(f.length>=2){\n    const worst=f[0], best=f[f.length-1];\n    if(best.acc-worst.acc >= 0.12){\n      const tail = worst.kind==='shape'\n        ? 'That is a reading habit, not a gap in the rules \u2014 and it costs you in every chapter at once.'\n        : 'That is recall, not comprehension \u2014 these have to be committed to memory, and they turn up everywhere.';\n      out.push({ic:'hot',icon:'\ud83e\udde9',txt:'<b>'+worst.label+'<\/b> questions are running at <b>'+Math.round(worst.acc*100)+'%<\/b> while you sit at '+Math.round(best.acc*100)+'% on '+best.label.toLowerCase()+'. '+tail});\n    }\n  }\n  \/\/ big chapter you have exhausted\n  const done = rows.filter(r=>!named.has(r.chapter) && r.weight>=0.08 && r.coverage>=0.9 && r.count>0).sort((a,b)=>b.weight-a.weight)[0];\n  if(done) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83d\udcd8',txt:'You have worked nearly every question in <b>'+chBrief(done.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(WT?', '+pctLabel(done.weight)+' of the exam':'')+'. Practice has given what it can \u2014 go back to the source text for the rest.',ch:done.chapter});\n\n  \/\/ a chapter drilled hard that the paper has never actually asked from\n  if(WT && W.untested.length){\n    const worked = W.untested.map(c=>rows.find(r=>r.chapter===c)).filter(r=>r&&r.coverage>0.5)\n                    .sort((a,b)=>b.con.count-a.con.count)[0];\n    if(worked) out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\u2696\ufe0f',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(worked.chapter)+'<\/b> has <b>no previous year questions<\/b> at all, and you are already '+Math.round(worked.coverage*100)+'% through its concept MCQs. Worth knowing before you spend another evening on it.',ch:worked.chapter});\n  }\n  \/\/ heavy on the paper, thin on practice material\n  const thin = rows.filter(r=>r.weight>=0.10 && r.con.count>0 && r.con.count < r.pyq.count)\n                   .sort((a,b)=>b.weight-a.weight)[0];\n  if(WT && thin) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83d\udcda',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(thin.chapter)+'<\/b> is <b>'+pctLabel(thin.weight)+'<\/b> of the exam but has only '+thin.con.count+' concept MCQ'+(thin.con.count===1?'':'s')+' against '+thin.pyq.count+' PYQs. The bank is thin exactly where the paper is heavy.',ch:thin.chapter});\n  if(weak.size>=3) out.push({ic:'hot',icon:'\u26a0\ufe0f',txt:'You have <b>'+weak.size+' weak questions<\/b> flagged, biggest chapter first. One Weak-areas sitting clears the backlog.',weak:true});\n  if(due.length) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83d\udd01',txt:'<b>'+due.length+' questions<\/b> you had mastered have decayed below <b>'+Math.round(CFG.retention.riskBelow*100)+'% recall<\/b>. Re-answering one costs seconds; re-learning it later costs an evening.'});\n  if(flags.size) out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\ud83d\udd16',txt:'<b>'+flags.size+'<\/b> question'+(flags.size>1?'s are':' is')+' flagged for review. Clear the flags before the next mock.',flag:true});\n\n  $('recoList').innerHTML = out.map(r=>{\n    let btn='';\n    if(r.ch)        btn='<button class=\"go\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.ch)+'\">Practice \u2192<\/button>';\n    else if(r.weak) btn='<button class=\"go\" data-goweak=\"1\">Start \u2192<\/button>';\n    else if(r.flag) btn='<button class=\"go\" data-goflag=\"1\">Open \u2192<\/button>';\n    return '<div class=\"reco\"><span class=\"ic '+r.ic+'\">'+r.icon+'<\/span><p>'+r.txt+'<\/p>'+btn+'<\/div>';\n  }).join('');\n}\nfunction renderLeaks(rows){\n  const list = rows.filter(r=>r.count>0).sort((a,b)=>b.leak-a.leak);\n  if(!list.length) return;\n  const max = Math.max(0.0001, ...list.map(r=>r.leak));\n  const total = list.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.leak,0)*100;\n  const top3 = list.slice(0,3);\n  $('leakNote').innerHTML = 'On today\\u2019s form you would expect to drop about <b>'+Math.round(total)+' '+T.leakWord+' in every 100<\/b>. <b>'\n    + top3.map(r=>chShort(r.chapter)).join(', ')+'<\/b> alone account for <b>'+Math.round(top3.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.leak,0)*100)\n    + '<\/b> of them \u2014 the shortest route to a better score.';\n  $('leakBars').innerHTML = list.map(r=>{\n    const m=r.leak*100;\n    const col = m>=8?'linear-gradient(90deg,#F08A92,var(--bad))' : m>=4?'linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold))' : 'linear-gradient(90deg,#9DB6EE,var(--blue-700))';\n    return '<div class=\"lrow\"><div><span class=\"lname\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/span>'\n      + '<span class=\"lsub\">'+(WT?pctLabel(r.weight)+' of the exam \u00b7 ':'')+'you would clear about '+Math.round(r.expected*100)+'% today<\/span><\/div>'\n      + '<div class=\"ltrack\"><div class=\"lfill\" style=\"width:'+(r.leak\/max*100)+'%;background:'+col+'\"><\/div><\/div>'\n      + '<div class=\"lval\">'+m.toFixed(1)+'<small>'+T.leakUnit+'<\/small><\/div><\/div>';\n  }).join('');\n}\nfunction renderFormats(){\n  const rows=formatRows();\n  const bar = r => {\n    const p = r.acc===null?null:Math.round(r.acc*100);\n    const col = p===null?'#CBD5E1' : p<50?'linear-gradient(90deg,#F08A92,var(--bad))' : p<70?'linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold))' : 'linear-gradient(90deg,#6EE7B7,var(--ok))';\n    return '<div class=\"lrow\"><div><span class=\"lname\">'+r.label+'<\/span>'\n      + '<span class=\"lsub\">'+r.total+' in this bank \u00b7 '+r.seen+' attempted<\/span><\/div>'\n      + '<div class=\"ltrack\"><div class=\"lfill\" style=\"width:'+(p===null?0:p)+'%;background:'+col+'\"><\/div><\/div>'\n      + '<div class=\"lval\">'+(p===null?'\u2014':p+'%')+'<small>accuracy<\/small><\/div><\/div>';\n  };\n  const sorter=(a,b)=>(a.acc===null)-(b.acc===null)||(a.acc-b.acc);\n  $('shapeBars').innerHTML = rows.filter(r=>r.kind==='shape').sort(sorter).map(bar).join('');\n  $('traitBars').innerHTML = rows.filter(r=>r.kind==='trait').sort(sorter).map(bar).join('');\n  const rated = rows.filter(r=>r.acc!==null && r.attempts>=8).sort(sorter);\n  $('fmtNote').innerHTML = rated.length>=2\n    ? (()=>{ const w=rated[0], b=rated[rated.length-1], gap=Math.round((b.acc-w.acc)*100);\n        return gap>=12\n          ? 'Your weakest kind of question is <b>'+w.label+'<\/b> at <b>'+Math.round(w.acc*100)+'%<\/b>, against <b>'+Math.round(b.acc*100)+'%<\/b> on '+b.label.toLowerCase()+' \u2014 a <b>'+gap+'-point<\/b> gap. That is worth more than any single chapter, because these turn up in all of them.'\n          : 'You handle the different kinds of question evenly, within <b>'+gap+' points<\/b> of each other. Nothing to fix here \u2014 keep working the chapter list.'; })()\n    : 'Attempt a few more and this will show whether the format is costing you more than the topic.';\n}\nfunction renderRevision(due){\n  $('revQ').innerHTML = due.length\n    ? due.slice(0,8).map(d=>'<button class=\"rev\" data-gouid=\"'+encodeURIComponent(uid(d.q))+'\">'\n        + '<span class=\"n\">Q'+d.q.id+'<\/span><span class=\"t\">'+preview(d.q,58)+'<\/span>'\n        + '<span class=\"d\">'+Math.round(d.recall*100)+'% recall<\/span><\/button>').join('')\n    : '<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.6\">Nothing decaying right now. Mastered questions return here as their estimated recall drops below '+Math.round(CFG.retention.riskBelow*100)+'%.<\/p>';\n}\nfunction renderMastery(){\n  const b=[0,0,0,0];\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)];\n    if(!s || (s.correct+s.incorrect)===0) b[0]++;\n    else if(s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold) b[3]++;\n    else if(s.correct>=2) b[2]++;\n    else b[1]++; });\n  const labels=['Untouched','Learning (0\u20131 \u2713)','Almost there (2 \u2713)','Mastered ('+CFG.masteryThreshold+' \u2713+)'];\n  const cols=['#CBD5E1','var(--gold)','var(--blue-700)','var(--ok)'];\n  $('mastDist').innerHTML = b.map((n,i)=>\n    '<div class=\"lrow\" style=\"grid-template-columns:minmax(120px,1fr) 2fr 54px\"><span class=\"lname\">'+labels[i]+'<\/span>'\n    + '<div class=\"ltrack\"><div class=\"lfill\" style=\"width:'+(QS.length?n\/QS.length*100:0)+'%;background:'+cols[i]+'\"><\/div><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"lval\" style=\"font-size:15px\">'+n+'<\/div><\/div>').join('');\n}\nfunction bindPerf(){\n  const f=$('btnFocus'), m=$('btnMock'), y=$('btnPyq'), w=$('btnWipe');\n  if(f) f.onclick=()=>startSession('focus');\n  if(m) m.onclick=()=>startSession('mock');\n  if(y) y.onclick=()=>startSession('pyq');\n  if(w) w.onclick=wipe;\n}\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   15b. EXAM ANALYTICS  \u2014  what the paper has actually asked\n   Everything here is counted from the PYQ bank's year field. Nothing is\n   estimated, so the tab hides itself when no years are recorded.\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nconst YEAR_ORDER = y => { const m=String(y).match(\/\\d{4}\/); return m ? +m[0] : 9999; };\nfunction examData(){\n  const years=[...new Set(PYQ.map(q=>q.year).filter(y=>y!==undefined && y!==null && y!==''))]\n              .sort((a,b)=>YEAR_ORDER(a)-YEAR_ORDER(b) || String(a).localeCompare(String(b)));\n  const rows = CHAPTERS.map(c=>{\n    const qs=inChB(c,'pyq'), byYear={};\n    years.forEach(y=>byYear[y]=0);\n    qs.forEach(q=>{ if(byYear[q.year]!==undefined) byYear[q.year]++; });\n    return { chapter:c, total:qs.length, byYear,\n             share: PYQ.length?qs.length\/PYQ.length:0 };\n  }).filter(r=>r.total>0).sort((a,b)=>b.total-a.total);\n  const perYear={}; years.forEach(y=>perYear[y]=PYQ.filter(q=>q.year===y).length);\n  return {years, rows, perYear, total:PYQ.length};\n}\nfunction renderExam(){\n  const d = examData(), body=$('examBody');\n  $('examCount').textContent = PYQ.length+' previous year questions';\n  if(!PYQ.length){ body.innerHTML='<div class=\"empty\"><b>No previous year questions loaded<\/b>Paste them into <code>pyqQuestions<\/code>, each with its year.<\/div>'; return; }\n\n  const hi = CFG.highYield, maxTot = Math.max(...d.rows.map(r=>r.total), 1);\n  const maxCell = Math.max(1, ...d.rows.map(r=>Math.max(...Object.values(r.byYear))));\n  const shade = n => { if(!n) return '';\n    const t=n\/maxCell;\n    return 'background:'+(t>0.8?'#D99B12':t>0.6?'#E8B44A':t>0.4?'#F2D28C':t>0.2?'#F9E9C4':'#FDF6E6')\n         + ';color:'+(t>0.6?'#3A2A02':'#8A6206')+';font-weight:800';\n  };\n  const maxYear = Math.max(...Object.values(d.perYear), 1);\n  const heavy = d.rows.filter(r=>r.total>=hi);\n  const heavyShare = heavy.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.share,0);\n  const spread = d.rows.filter(r=>Object.values(r.byYear).filter(Boolean).length >= Math.ceil(d.years.length*0.6));\n\n  body.innerHTML =\n  \/\/ ---------- 01 ranked ----------\n  '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">01<\/span>Ranked \u2014 previous year questions per chapter<\/h4>'\n    + '<p>'+(heavy.length\n        ? '<b>'+heavy.length+' chapter'+(heavy.length===1?'':'s')+'<\/b> carry '+hi+' questions or more and together hold <b>'\n          + Math.round(heavyShare*100)+'%<\/b> of every paper on record. They are shown in gold.'\n        : 'No chapter has reached '+hi+' questions yet, so nothing is marked high-yield.')+'<\/p><\/div>'\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">gold = high-yield ('+hi+'+ Qs)<\/span><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"bars\">'\n    + d.rows.map((r,i)=>{\n        const gold = r.total>=hi;\n        return '<div class=\"rankrow\"><span class=\"rk\">'+(i+1)+'<\/span>'\n          + '<span class=\"rname'+(gold?' gold':'')+'\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+titleCase(r.chapter)+'<\/span>'\n          + '<div class=\"rtrack\"><i style=\"width:'+(r.total\/maxTot*100)+'%;background:'\n            + (gold?'linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold-lt),#D99B12)':'linear-gradient(90deg,#93B4F7,var(--blue-700))')+'\"><\/i><\/div>'\n          + '<span class=\"rv\">'+r.total+'<\/span><span class=\"rp\">'+(r.share*100).toFixed(1)+'%<\/span><\/div>';\n      }).join('')\n    + '<\/div><\/section>'\n\n  \/\/ ---------- 02 heatmap ----------\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">02<\/span>Heatmap matrix \u2014 chapter \\u00d7 exam year<\/h4>'\n    + '<p>'+(spread.length\n        ? '<b>'+spread.map(r=>chShort(r.chapter)).slice(0,3).join(', ')+'<\/b> appear in most papers on record \u2014 those are the standing favourites, not one-off spikes.'\n        : 'Read down a column to see what a single paper favoured; read across a row to see whether a chapter is a regular or a one-off.')+'<\/p><\/div>'\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">darker gold = more questions<\/span><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"tblwrap\" style=\"border:0;border-radius:0\"><table class=\"perf-t hm\"><thead><tr>'\n    + '<th class=\"lft\">Chapter<\/th>'+d.years.map(y=>'<th>'+y+'<\/th>').join('')+'<th class=\"tot\">Total<\/th>'\n    + '<\/tr><\/thead><tbody>'\n    + d.rows.map(r=>'<tr><td class=\"lft\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+titleCase(r.chapter)+'<\/td>'\n        + d.years.map(y=>{ const n=r.byYear[y];\n            return '<td style=\"'+shade(n)+'\">'+(n||'<span class=\"nil\">\\u00b7<\/span>')+'<\/td>'; }).join('')\n        + '<td class=\"tot\">'+r.total+'<\/td><\/tr>').join('')\n    + '<\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td class=\"lft\">Total<\/td>'\n    + d.years.map(y=>'<td>'+d.perYear[y]+'<\/td>').join('')+'<td>'+d.total+'<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"hmlegend\"><span>Low<\/span>'\n    + ['#FDF6E6','#F9E9C4','#F2D28C','#E8B44A','#D99B12'].map(c=>'<i style=\"background:'+c+'\"><\/i>').join('')\n    + '<span>High<\/span><\/div><\/section>'\n\n  \/\/ ---------- 03 per cycle ----------\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">03<\/span>Questions per exam cycle<\/h4>'\n    + '<p>How many questions each paper on record contributed. A short bar usually means a partly recovered paper rather than a shorter exam \\u2014 worth knowing before you read too much into that year\\u2019s pattern.<\/p><\/div>'\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">'+d.years.length+' cycles \\u00b7 '+d.total+' questions<\/span><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"cyc\">'\n    + d.years.map(y=>{ const n=d.perYear[y];\n        return '<div class=\"cycbar\"><span class=\"cn\">'+n+'<\/span>'\n          + '<div class=\"cbar\" style=\"height:'+Math.max(n\/maxYear*140,6)+'px\"><\/div>'\n          + '<span class=\"cy\">'+y+'<\/span><\/div>'; }).join('')\n    + '<\/div><\/section>'\n\n  \/\/ ---------- 04 what this means for you ----------\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">04<\/span>What this means for your revision<\/h4>'\n    + '<p>The same counts, read against how you are actually performing.<\/p><\/div><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"examReco\"><\/div><\/section>';\n\n  \/\/ recommendations tie the counts back to the learner's own record\n  const perf = chapterRows();\n  const out=[];\n  d.rows.slice(0,3).forEach(r=>{\n    const p = perf.find(x=>x.chapter===r.chapter);\n    const acc = p && p.acc!==null ? Math.round(p.acc*100) : null;\n    out.push({ic: acc===null?'warm':acc<60?'hot':'good', icon: acc===null?'\\ud83e\\udded':acc<60?'\\ud83d\\udd25':'\\u2705',\n      txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b> has produced <b>'+r.total+' questions<\/b> across '\n        + Object.values(r.byYear).filter(Boolean).length+' of '+d.years.length+' papers'\n        + (acc===null ? ' and you have not attempted it yet.' : ' and you are at <b>'+acc+'%<\/b> on it.'),\n      ch:r.chapter});\n  });\n  const recent = d.years.slice(-3);\n  const rising = d.rows.map(r=>{\n    const late = recent.reduce((a,y)=>a+(r.byYear[y]||0),0);\n    const early = d.years.slice(0,-3).reduce((a,y)=>a+(r.byYear[y]||0),0);\n    return {r, late, early, rate: late\/Math.max(recent.length,1)};\n  }).filter(x=>x.late>=2 && x.rate > (x.early\/Math.max(d.years.length-3,1))*1.5)\n    .sort((a,b)=>b.late-a.late)[0];\n  if(rising) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\\ud83d\\udcc8',\n    txt:'<b>'+chBrief(rising.r.chapter)+'<\/b> has been asked <b>'+rising.late+' times in the last '+recent.length\n      + ' papers<\/b>, well above its own earlier rate. Recent papers are the better guide to the next one.',ch:rising.r.chapter});\n  const silent = CHAPTERS.filter(c=>inChB(c,'pyq').length===0 && inChB(c,'concept').length>0);\n  if(silent.length) out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\\ud83d\\udd07',\n    txt:'<b>'+silent.length+' chapter'+(silent.length===1?' has':'s have')+' never been asked<\/b> in the papers on record \\u2014 '\n      + silent.slice(0,3).map(chBrief).join(', ')+(silent.length>3?' and others':'')\n      + '. They still carry concept MCQs, so decide deliberately how much time they deserve.'});\n  $('examReco').innerHTML = out.map(r=>\n    '<div class=\"reco\"><span class=\"ic '+r.ic+'\">'+r.icon+'<\/span><p>'+r.txt+'<\/p>'\n    + (r.ch?'<button class=\"go\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.ch)+'\" data-bank=\"pyq\">Drill PYQs \\u2192<\/button>':'')+'<\/div>').join('');\n}\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   16. ANSWERING\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nfunction check(){\n  const p=pool(), q=p[S.i]; if(!q) return;\n  if(S.pick==null){ S.nudge=true; render(); return; }\n  const u=uid(q), ok = S.pick===q.correct;\n  S.ans[u]=S.pick; S.pick=null; S.nudge=false;\n  const s=stat(u);\n  ok ? s.correct++ : s.incorrect++;\n  s.last=Date.now(); s.lastOk=ok;\n  P.log.push({u, ok, ts:Date.now()});\n  P.lastUid=u;\n  refreshWeak(); save(); render();\n  const res=$('result'); if(res && res.scrollIntoView) try{ res.scrollIntoView({block:'nearest',behavior:'smooth'}); }catch(e){}\n}\nfunction wipe(){\n  if(!confirm('Permanently erase ALL lifetime performance for this subject?\\n\\nMastery, weak areas, flags, accuracy history, the built session and the readiness score all go. 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