{"id":15716,"date":"2026-08-21T12:01:26","date_gmt":"2026-08-21T12:01:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/?page_id=15716"},"modified":"2026-08-31T07:32:47","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T07:32:47","slug":"combinedpyq-chapterwise-ccs-leave-ltc-rules","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/?page_id=15716","title":{"rendered":"Combined(PYQ + Chapterwise)- CCS (Leave\/LTC) Rules"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"15716\" class=\"elementor elementor-15716\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8412dce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8412dce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cfdf58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"7cfdf58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!--\r\n=====================================================================\r\nCSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com\r\nPYQ + CHAPTER-WISE AI TEST SERIES   \u2014   two banks on one page\r\n=====================================================================\r\n\r\nHOW THIS DIFFERS FROM THE PLAIN CHAPTER-WISE PAGE\r\n  Two banks sit side by side: previous year questions, and concept MCQs\r\n  written chapter by chapter. Both are drilled from the same screen and\r\n  scored separately, so you always know whether a chapter is weak on the\r\n  real paper or only on practice questions.\r\n\r\n  You do NOT rate chapters by hand here. Exam weight is COUNTED from the\r\n  PYQ bank: a chapter holding 79 of 168 previous year questions is 47% of\r\n  the paper, and the page says so and shows the count behind the figure.\r\n  Add a year of papers and every weight, priority and plan re-computes\r\n  on its own.\r\n\r\nSETTING UP A NEW SUBJECT \u2014 three edits, all at the top of the script\r\n  1. CFG.quizId   unique per page. Progress is stored under this key, so\r\n                  two subjects on the same site never mix. Change it.\r\n     CFG.topic    subject name for the header.\r\n     CFG.sourceUrl  page on your site carrying the full text; shown as a\r\n                  \"Read the source\" card. Blank switches it off.\r\n  2. pyqQuestions      every previous year question you have, each with\r\n                       its year. This bank decides the exam weights.\r\n  3. conceptQuestions  your chapter-wise practice bank.\r\n\r\n  Both use the usual schema:\r\n      { id, chapter, question, options[], correct, explanation }\r\n  PYQ entries take one extra field:  year: 2023\r\n  Chapter strings must be written the same way in both banks \u2014 matching\r\n  is loose (case, spacing and 'Ch \/ Chapter \/ CH-2' are all read alike),\r\n  but the chapter NUMBER has to agree.\r\n\r\nSTEM LAYOUT \u2014 nothing to mark up\r\n  Plain stems, numbered statement stems and List-I \/ List-II stems are\r\n  each laid out automatically, all inside the same sheet.\r\n\r\nRESETS\r\n  \"Reset session\"        clears only this sitting's answers.\r\n  \"Reset my performance\" wipes lifetime mastery, weak areas and flags.\r\n\r\n=====================================================================\r\n-->\r\n\r\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\r\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover\">\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\r\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Plus+Jakarta+Sans:wght@400;500;600;700;800&family=Newsreader:opsz,wght@6..72,400;6..72,500;6..72,600&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n.cdrill{\r\n  --blue-900:#12246E; --blue-800:#1B3FCB; --blue-700:#2757E8; --blue-100:#EAF0FF; --blue-50:#F5F8FF;\r\n  --gold:#E8A317; --gold-lt:#F5C55B; --gold-bg:#FFF7E4;\r\n  --ink:#0F172A; --slate:#5B6B85; --line:#DFE6F3; --paper:#FFFFFF; --wash:#F4F7FD;\r\n  --ok:#0B8457; --ok-bg:#E7F7F0; --bad:#D3313E; --bad-bg:#FDEDEE; --warn:#C2620E;\r\n  --r:14px; --shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(16,32,74,.06),0 8px 24px -12px rgba(16,32,74,.18);\r\n  \/* \u2193 paste the same value your other pages use for --serif *\/\r\n  --serif:'Newsreader',Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;\r\n  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16px;border:0;background:var(--paper);text-align:left;transition:background .13s;width:100%}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip:hover{background:var(--blue-50)}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip .no{font-size:11px;font-weight:800;color:var(--slate);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip .cn{font-size:12.6px;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:-.005em;\r\n  overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;text-transform:none}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip .cw{flex:none;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:800;background:var(--gold-bg);color:#8A6206;\r\n  border:1px solid #F2DFAE;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:99px;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip .cc{flex:none;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:800;min-width:28px;padding:3px 7px;border-radius:6px;\r\n  text-align:center;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip .cc.pyq{background:var(--blue-900);color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip .cc.con{background:var(--blue-100);color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill 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0}\r\n@media(max-width:760px){.cdrill .lists{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:22px}}\r\n.cdrill .lcol h5{margin:0 0 10px;padding:0 0 9px;border-bottom:1px solid #DCD3BE;font-size:12px;font-weight:800;color:var(--ink)}\r\n.cdrill .lcol ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:grid;gap:12px}\r\n.cdrill .lcol li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:28px 1fr;align-items:baseline;\r\n  font-family:var(--serif) !important;font-size:17.5px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6;color:#161b26}\r\n.cdrill .lcol li b{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:600;font-size:17.3px;color:#8A6206}\r\n\r\n\/* options as bordered cards, matching the other pages *\/\r\n.cdrill .opts{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:9px}\r\n.cdrill .opt{font-family:var(--serif) !important;padding:12px 16px;border:1.5px solid var(--line);\r\n  border-radius:12px;cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:12px;transition:all .25s;\r\n  background:#fff;text-align:left;width:100%;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}\r\n.cdrill .opt .txt{font-family:var(--serif) !important;font-size:18.5px !important;line-height:1.6;\r\n  color:#161b26;flex:1;min-width:0}\r\n.cdrill .opt:hover:not(:disabled){border-color:#5F86F0;background:#F6F9FF;transform:translateX(4px)}\r\n.cdrill .opt:disabled{cursor:default;opacity:1;transform:none}\r\n.cdrill .key{min-width:34px;font-family:var(--serif) !important;font-weight:600;font-size:17.3px !important;\r\n  color:#161b26;flex-shrink:0;line-height:1.6}\r\n.cdrill .opt.sel{border-color:var(--blue-700);background:#EFF5FF;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--blue-700)}\r\n.cdrill .opt.sel::after{content:\"Selected\";font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',sans-serif;font-weight:800;\r\n  font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-800);align-self:center;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .opt.right{border-color:var(--ok);background:#F0FDF6;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--ok)}\r\n.cdrill .opt.right .key{color:#086945}\r\n.cdrill .opt.wrong{border-color:var(--bad);background:#FEF4F4;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--bad)}\r\n.cdrill .opt.wrong .key{color:#A81F2B}\r\n.cdrill .mark{margin-left:auto;font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:10.5px;\r\n  letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;white-space:nowrap;align-self:center}\r\n.cdrill .mark.r{color:var(--ok)} .cdrill .mark.w{color:var(--bad)}\r\n@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.cdrill .opt:hover:not(:disabled){transform:none}}\r\n.cdrill .hint{margin:12px 0 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:600;color:#8A6206;background:var(--gold-bg);\r\n  border:1px solid #F2DFAE;border-radius:10px;padding:10px 14px}\r\n.cdrill .actions{display:flex;gap:9px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:18px;align-items:center}\r\n.cdrill .btn{padding:11px 20px;border-radius:11px;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .btn:hover{background:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .btn:disabled{opacity:.4;cursor:not-allowed}\r\n.cdrill .btn.ghost{background:var(--paper);border:1.5px solid var(--line);color:var(--ink)}\r\n.cdrill .btn.ghost:hover{border-color:var(--blue-700);color:var(--blue-800);background:var(--blue-50)}\r\n.cdrill .flagbtn{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;padding:11px 18px;border-radius:11px;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;\r\n  border:1.5px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);color:var(--slate);margin-left:auto;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .flagbtn:hover{border-color:var(--gold);color:#8A6206;background:var(--gold-bg)}\r\n.cdrill .flagbtn[aria-pressed=true]{border-color:var(--gold);background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold));color:#3A2A02}\r\n.cdrill .kbd{display:inline-block;font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,monospace;font-size:10.5px;padding:3px 6px;background:#fff;\r\n  border:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom-width:2px;border-radius:4px;font-weight:700}\r\n.cdrill .keys{margin-top:14px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px dashed var(--line);font-size:11.5px;color:var(--slate);\r\n  display:flex;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-weight:600}\r\n@media(max-width:700px){.cdrill .keys{display:none}}\r\n\r\n.cdrill .verdict{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;font-weight:800;font-size:14px;margin:20px 0 0}\r\n.cdrill .verdict.r{color:var(--ok)} .cdrill .verdict.w{color:var(--bad)}\r\n.cdrill .expl{margin-top:12px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--gold);border-radius:0 12px 12px 0;\r\n  background:#FCFDFF;padding:16px 18px;font-size:14.2px;line-height:1.68}\r\n.cdrill .expl .body{font-family:'Newsreader',Georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7}\r\n.cdrill .expl b{color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .expl-h{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800;margin-bottom:8px}\r\n\r\n  font-weight:600;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-800);transition:.14s}\r\n.cdrill .chip:hover:not(:disabled){background:var(--blue-700);border-color:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .ai-out{margin-top:12px;background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;padding:14px 16px;\r\n  font-size:14px;line-height:1.65}\r\n.cdrill .ai-out b{color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .offline{margin-top:12px;padding-top:10px;border-top:1px dashed #CBD8F6;font-size:11.5px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.5}\r\n.cdrill .dots span{display:inline-block;width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--blue-700);margin-right:4px;animation:cdb 1.1s infinite}\r\n.cdrill .dots span:nth-child(2){animation-delay:.16s} .cdrill .dots span:nth-child(3){animation-delay:.32s}\r\n@keyframes cdb{0%,80%{opacity:.25;transform:translateY(0)}40%{opacity:1;transform:translateY(-3px)}}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- rail ---------- *\/\r\n.cdrill .rail{display:grid;gap:16px;align-content:start}\r\n.cdrill .rail .card{padding:16px}\r\n.cdrill .rail h3{margin:0;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800}\r\n.cdrill .score{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:8px;margin:10px 0 4px}\r\n.cdrill .score b{font-size:32px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.03em}\r\n.cdrill .score i{font-style:normal;color:var(--slate);font-size:13px;font-weight:600}\r\n.cdrill .bar{height:7px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--wash);overflow:hidden;margin-top:10px}\r\n.cdrill .bar>i{display:block;height:100%;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--ok),#37B37E);border-radius:99px;transition:width .4s}\r\n.cdrill .mini{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--slate);margin-top:8px;font-weight:600}\r\n.cdrill .streak{display:flex;gap:4px;margin-top:12px}\r\n.cdrill .streak i{flex:1;height:26px;border-radius:5px;background:var(--wash);border:1px solid var(--line)}\r\n.cdrill .streak i.r{background:var(--ok-bg);border-color:#A9DEC6}\r\n.cdrill .streak i.w{background:var(--bad-bg);border-color:#F3C2C6}\r\n.cdrill .nav-head{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;padding:13px 16px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);flex-wrap:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .nav-head b{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800}\r\n.cdrill .navtoggle{flex:none;white-space:nowrap;min-width:56px;text-align:center;\r\n  font-size:12px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-800);padding:5px 12px;border-radius:7px;\r\n  border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);letter-spacing:.02em;transition:.14s}\r\n.cdrill .nav-head b{min-width:0;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .navtoggle:hover{border-color:var(--blue-700);background:var(--blue-50)}\r\n.cdrill .navgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr));gap:6px;\r\n  padding:14px 16px 12px;max-height:238px;overflow-y:auto;overflow-x:hidden}\r\n.cdrill .navgrid::-webkit-scrollbar{width:6px}\r\n.cdrill .navgrid::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:#CBD5E1;border-radius:99px}\r\n.cdrill .navgrid::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background:transparent}\r\n.cdrill .nq{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;min-width:0;height:34px;padding:0;margin:0;\r\n  border-radius:8px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);\r\n  font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',system-ui,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:11.5px;line-height:1;\r\n  color:var(--slate);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:visible;\r\n  transition:background .12s,border-color .12s,color .12s;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;letter-spacing:-.02em}\r\n.cdrill .nq:hover{border-color:var(--blue-700);color:var(--blue-800);background:var(--blue-50)}\r\n@media(max-width:960px){.cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(10,minmax(0,1fr))}}\r\n@media(max-width:520px){.cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(7,minmax(0,1fr))}}\r\n.cdrill .nq.r{background:var(--ok-bg);border-color:#8FD3B6;color:#086945}\r\n.cdrill .nq.w{background:var(--bad-bg);border-color:#F0AEB4;color:#A81F2B}\r\n.cdrill .nq.cur{border-color:var(--blue-700);background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .nq .fl{position:absolute;top:-5px;right:-4px;font-size:9.5px;line-height:1;\r\n  filter:drop-shadow(0 0 2px #fff)}\r\n.cdrill .nq.mastered::after{content:\"\";position:absolute;bottom:3px;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);\r\n  width:4px;height:4px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--ok)}\r\n.cdrill .legend{display:flex;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:10.5px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600;\r\n  padding:10px 16px 14px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:4px}\r\n.cdrill .legend i{display:inline-block;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:3px;margin-right:5px;vertical-align:-1px}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- performance ---------- *\/\r\n.cdrill .perf{padding:24px 24px 32px;display:grid;gap:34px}\r\n.cdrill .ph{margin:0 0 10px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800}\r\n.cdrill .ph .secno{color:var(--gold);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:0}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- performance blocks ---------- *\/\r\n.cdrill .pblock{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:16px;background:var(--paper);overflow:hidden}\r\n.cdrill .pbh{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:16px;padding:20px 24px 18px;\r\n  background:linear-gradient(180deg,#FBFCFF,#F6F9FF);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}\r\n.cdrill .pbh .txt{flex:1;min-width:0}\r\n.cdrill .pbh h4{font-size:17px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.015em;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 7px;\r\n  display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px}\r\n.cdrill .pbh h4 .dot{width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--gold);flex:none}\r\n.cdrill .pbh p{font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.6;margin:0}\r\n.cdrill .pbh .pbtag{flex:none;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.07em;text-transform:uppercase;\r\n  color:var(--blue-800);background:var(--blue-100);border-radius:99px;padding:6px 13px;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .bars{padding:8px 24px 18px}\r\n.cdrill .subhead{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:18px 24px 2px;\r\n  border-top:1px solid #EEF2F9;margin-top:6px}\r\n.cdrill .subhead:first-of-type{border-top:0;margin-top:0}\r\n.cdrill .subhead h5{font-size:12.5px;font-weight:800;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:.01em;margin:0}\r\n.cdrill .subhead span{font-size:11.8px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600}\r\n.cdrill .hero2{display:grid;grid-template-columns:260px 1fr;gap:18px}\r\n@media(max-width:860px){.cdrill .hero2{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\r\n.cdrill .ring-card{background:linear-gradient(150deg,var(--blue-900),var(--blue-800) 70%,var(--blue-700));border-radius:var(--r);\r\n  padding:24px 20px;color:#fff;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\r\n.cdrill .ring{position:relative;width:150px;height:150px}\r\n.cdrill .ring svg{transform:rotate(-90deg)}\r\n.cdrill .ring .bg{fill:none;stroke:rgba(255,255,255,.14);stroke-width:11}\r\n.cdrill .ring .fg{fill:none;stroke:var(--gold-lt);stroke-width:11;stroke-linecap:round;transition:stroke-dashoffset 1s ease}\r\n.cdrill .ring-txt{position:absolute;inset:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\r\n.cdrill .ring-txt b{font-size:40px;font-weight:800;color:var(--gold-lt);letter-spacing:-.03em;line-height:1}\r\n.cdrill .ring-txt span{font-size:9.5px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#BFDBFE;margin-top:5px;font-weight:700}\r\n.cdrill .verdict2{margin-top:14px;font-size:13.4px;color:#DBEAFE;line-height:1.55}\r\n.cdrill .verdict2 b{color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .coach{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r);padding:18px 20px;background:var(--paper)}\r\n.cdrill .coach h4{font-size:14.5px;font-weight:800;margin-bottom:12px;display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center}\r\n.cdrill .reco{display:flex;gap:12px;padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line);align-items:flex-start}\r\n.cdrill .reco:last-child{border-bottom:0}\r\n.cdrill .reco .ic{width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:8px;display:grid;place-items:center;font-size:13px;flex:none;margin-top:1px}\r\n.cdrill .reco .ic.hot{background:var(--bad-bg);color:var(--bad)}\r\n.cdrill .reco .ic.warm{background:var(--gold-bg);color:#8A6206}\r\n.cdrill .reco .ic.cool{background:var(--blue-100);color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .reco .ic.good{background:var(--ok-bg);color:var(--ok)}\r\n.cdrill .reco p{font-size:13.8px;line-height:1.55}\r\n.cdrill .reco .go{margin-left:auto;flex:none;background:var(--blue-50);color:var(--blue-800);border:1px solid #D4E2FB;\r\n  border-radius:8px;padding:6px 12px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:800;white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .reco .go:hover{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .planner{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFFDF6,#FFF8E8);border:1px solid #EADFC2;border-left:4px solid var(--gold);\r\n  border-radius:0 var(--r) var(--r) 0;padding:18px 20px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n.cdrill .planner h4{font-size:17px;font-weight:800;margin-bottom:5px;letter-spacing:-.01em;\r\n  display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px}\r\n.cdrill .planner p{font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.55;max-width:62ch}\r\n.cdrill .pbtns{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n.cdrill .pbtn{padding:11px 18px;border:1.5px solid var(--gold);border-radius:11px;background:#fff;color:#8A6206;\r\n  font-weight:800;font-size:13.5px;display:flex;gap:7px;align-items:center;white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .pbtn:hover{background:var(--gold-bg)}\r\n.cdrill .pbtn.primary{background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold));color:#3A2A02;border-color:var(--gold)}\r\n.cdrill .pbtn.navy{background:var(--blue-900);border-color:var(--blue-900);color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .pbtn.navy:hover{background:var(--blue-800);border-color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .kpis{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(150px,1fr));gap:12px}\r\n.cdrill .kpi{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:15px;background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff,var(--blue-50))}\r\n.cdrill .kpi b{display:block;font-size:26px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.03em}\r\n.cdrill .kpi span{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.06em}\r\n.cdrill .tblwrap{overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;background:#fff}\r\n\/* nested two-tier header, PYQ and concept side by side *\/\r\n.cdrill table.nested{min-width:880px}\r\n.cdrill table.nested thead th{background:var(--blue-700);border-bottom:0;padding:11px 10px;\r\n  font-size:10.6px;letter-spacing:.06em;vertical-align:middle}\r\n.cdrill table.nested thead th.grp{background:var(--blue-900);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);\r\n  border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);font-size:11.4px;letter-spacing:.04em}\r\n.cdrill table.nested thead th.sub2{background:#2F62EA;font-size:10.2px;font-weight:600;padding:8px 10px}\r\n.cdrill table.nested thead th.lft{text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\r\n.cdrill table.nested td{padding:12px 10px;font-size:12.6px}\r\n.cdrill table.nested td.lft{text-align:left;padding-left:14px;font-weight:700;max-width:270px;\r\n  line-height:1.4;background:#FBFCFE;font-size:12.8px}\r\n.cdrill .wt{font-size:15px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-900)}\r\n.cdrill .wsub{font-size:10.6px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:700;margin-left:5px}\r\n.cdrill .nil{color:#B6C2D6;font-weight:700}\r\n.cdrill .minibar{height:6px;width:62px;margin:0 auto 4px;border-radius:99px;background:#EEF2F9;overflow:hidden}\r\n.cdrill .minibar>i{display:block;height:100%;border-radius:99px}\r\n.cdrill .miniv{font-size:11.4px;font-weight:800}\r\n.cdrill td.prac{white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill td.prac .mini-go+.mini-go{margin-left:5px}\r\n.cdrill .mini-go.pyq{color:#fff;background:var(--blue-900);border-color:var(--blue-900)}\r\n.cdrill .mini-go.pyq:hover{background:var(--blue-800);border-color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n\/* numbered section headings *\/\r\n.cdrill .pbh h4 .secno{font-size:15px;font-weight:800;color:var(--gold);letter-spacing:0;\r\n  font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;margin-right:2px}\r\n.cdrill .pbh .sechint{flex:none;font-family:'Newsreader',Georgia,serif;font-style:italic;font-size:12.8px;\r\n  color:var(--slate);white-space:nowrap;align-self:center}\r\n@media(max-width:760px){.cdrill .pbh .sechint{display:none}}\r\n.cdrill table.perf-t{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:13px;min-width:760px}\r\n.cdrill table.perf-t th,.cdrill table.perf-t td{padding:10px;border-bottom:1px solid #EEF2F9;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}\r\n.cdrill table.perf-t thead th{background:var(--blue-900);color:#fff;font-weight:700;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase}\r\n.cdrill table.perf-t th:first-child,.cdrill table.perf-t td:first-child{text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\r\n.cdrill table.perf-t td:first-child{font-weight:700;max-width:280px;line-height:1.35;background:#FBFCFE}\r\n.cdrill .sub{display:block;font-size:10.6px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600;margin-top:3px}\r\n.cdrill .tbar{height:6px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--wash);overflow:hidden;min-width:80px}\r\n.cdrill .tbar>i{display:block;height:100%;border-radius:99px}\r\n.cdrill .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10.4px;font-weight:800;padding:3px 9px;border-radius:99px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.04em}\r\n.cdrill .tag.hot{background:var(--bad-bg);color:var(--bad)}\r\n.cdrill .tag.warm{background:var(--gold-bg);color:#8A6206}\r\n.cdrill .tag.ok{background:var(--blue-100);color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .tag.good{background:var(--ok-bg);color:var(--ok)}\r\n.cdrill .tag.na{background:#F1F5F9;color:var(--slate)}\r\n.cdrill .mini-go{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;padding:5px 10px;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-800);transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .mini-go:hover{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff;border-color:var(--blue-700)}\r\n.cdrill .lrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(150px,1.2fr) 2.4fr 96px;gap:18px;align-items:center;\r\n  padding:12px 10px;border-radius:9px;transition:background .13s;margin:0 -10px}\r\n.cdrill .lrow:hover{background:#FAFCFF}\r\n.cdrill .lrow+.lrow{border-top:1px solid #F1F5FB}\r\n@media(max-width:620px){.cdrill .lrow{grid-template-columns:1fr auto;row-gap:6px}.cdrill .lrow .ltrack{grid-column:1\/-1}}\r\n.cdrill .lname{font-size:13.4px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.35}\r\n.cdrill .lsub{display:block;font-size:10.8px;font-weight:600;color:var(--slate);margin-top:4px}\r\n.cdrill .ltrack{background:#EEF2F9;border-radius:99px;height:11px;overflow:hidden;\r\n  box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(16,32,74,.05)}\r\n.cdrill .lfill{height:100%;border-radius:99px;transition:width .8s cubic-bezier(.22,.9,.28,1)}\r\n.cdrill .lval{text-align:right;font-size:16px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.02em}\r\n.cdrill .lval small{display:block;font-size:10px;font-weight:700;color:var(--slate);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.05em;margin-top:2px}\r\n.cdrill .split{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:16px}\r\n@media(max-width:860px){.cdrill .split{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\r\n.cdrill .panel{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:16px 18px}\r\n.cdrill .rev{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;width:100%;text-align:left;background:#FAFBFE;border-left:3px solid var(--gold);\r\n  border-radius:8px;padding:10px 12px;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:12.6px;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .rev:hover{background:var(--gold-bg);transform:translateX(3px)}\r\n.cdrill .rev .n{font-weight:800;color:#8A6206;flex:none}\r\n.cdrill .rev .t{flex:1;color:var(--slate);white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}\r\n.cdrill .rev .d{background:var(--gold);color:#3A2A02;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:99px;font-size:10.2px;font-weight:800;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .danger{border:1px dashed #F3C2C6;border-radius:12px;background:#FFFAFA;padding:16px 18px;\r\n  display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n.cdrill .danger p{font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);flex:1;min-width:220px;line-height:1.6}\r\n.cdrill .danger b{color:var(--bad)}\r\n.cdrill .dbtn{padding:11px 20px;background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #F3C2C6;border-radius:11px;color:var(--bad);\r\n  font-size:13px;font-weight:800;white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .dbtn:hover{background:var(--bad);border-color:var(--bad);color:#fff}\r\n\/* ---------- exam analytics ---------- *\/\r\n.cdrill .rankrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:26px minmax(120px,1.25fr) 2.2fr 42px 46px;gap:14px;\r\n  align-items:center;padding:9px 10px;margin:0 -10px;border-radius:9px;transition:background .13s}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow:hover{background:#FAFCFF}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow+.rankrow{border-top:1px dashed #EEF2F9}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rk{font-size:11.5px;font-weight:800;color:#B6C2D6;text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rname{font-size:12.4px;font-weight:600;color:var(--blue-800);line-height:1.35;\r\n  overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rname.gold{color:#8A6206;font-weight:800}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rtrack{height:15px;border-radius:5px;background:#EEF2F9;overflow:hidden}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rtrack>i{display:block;height:100%;border-radius:5px;transition:width .8s cubic-bezier(.22,.9,.28,1)}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rv{font-size:15px;font-weight:800;text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;letter-spacing:-.02em}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rp{font-size:11px;font-weight:700;color:var(--slate);text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n@media(max-width:700px){.cdrill .rankrow{grid-template-columns:22px minmax(0,1fr) 34px 42px}\r\n  .cdrill .rankrow .rtrack{grid-column:1\/-1;order:9}}\r\n\r\n.cdrill table.hm{min-width:760px;font-size:12px}\r\n.cdrill table.hm thead th{background:var(--blue-700);padding:9px 6px;font-size:10.4px}\r\n.cdrill table.hm thead th.lft{text-align:left;padding-left:14px;min-width:230px}\r\n.cdrill table.hm thead th.tot{background:var(--blue-900)}\r\n.cdrill table.hm td{padding:7px 6px;font-size:11.8px;border-bottom:1px solid #F1F5FB;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n.cdrill table.hm td.lft{text-align:left;padding-left:14px;font-weight:600;font-size:11.8px;line-height:1.35;\r\n  background:#FBFCFE;max-width:250px}\r\n.cdrill table.hm td.tot{font-weight:800;background:#F4F7FD;color:var(--blue-900)}\r\n.cdrill table.hm tfoot td{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff;font-weight:800;font-size:11.6px;padding:9px 6px;border:0}\r\n.cdrill table.hm tfoot td.lft{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff;text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\r\n.cdrill .hmlegend{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:12px 24px 16px;font-size:10.8px;\r\n  color:var(--slate);font-weight:700}\r\n.cdrill .hmlegend i{width:26px;height:11px;border-radius:3px;display:inline-block;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.05)}\r\n.cdrill .hmlegend span:last-child{margin-left:3px}\r\n\r\n.cdrill .cyc{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;gap:12px;padding:26px 24px 18px;overflow-x:auto}\r\n.cdrill .cycbar{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:7px;flex:1;min-width:52px}\r\n.cdrill .cycbar .cn{font-size:12.5px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-800);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n.cdrill .cycbar .cbar{width:100%;max-width:46px;border-radius:6px 6px 0 0;\r\n  background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold));transition:height .8s cubic-bezier(.22,.9,.28,1)}\r\n.cdrill .cycbar .cy{font-size:10.4px;font-weight:700;color:var(--slate);white-space:nowrap}\r\n\r\n.cdrill .empty{text-align:center;padding:40px 20px;color:var(--slate)}\r\n.cdrill .empty b{display:block;color:var(--ink);font-size:16px;margin-bottom:6px}\r\n.cdrill .toast{position:fixed;bottom:26px;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);background:var(--blue-900);color:#fff;\r\n  padding:12px 22px;border-radius:11px;font-weight:700;font-size:13.5px;z-index:9999;display:none;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}\r\n.cdrill .toast.show{display:block}\r\n.cdrill .toast.ok{background:var(--ok)}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- content protection ---------- *\/\r\n.cdrill{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;\r\n  -webkit-touch-callout:none;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}\r\n\/* inputs must stay usable, or the search box cannot be edited *\/\r\n.cdrill input,.cdrill textarea,.cdrill select{-webkit-user-select:text;user-select:text}\r\n.cdrill.allow-select{-webkit-user-select:text;user-select:text}\r\n.cdrill img,.cdrill svg{-webkit-user-drag:none;user-drag:none;pointer-events:none}\r\n.cdrill .navtoggle,.cdrill .tab,.cdrill button{-webkit-user-drag:none}\r\n\/* screen obscured while the window is not in front *\/\r\n.cdrill.veiled .qbody,.cdrill.veiled .perf,.cdrill.veiled .chaplist,.cdrill.veiled .yearlist{\r\n  filter:blur(9px);transition:filter .12s}\r\n.cdrill .veilmsg{position:absolute;inset:0;display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;\r\n  background:rgba(244,247,253,.72);z-index:40;font-weight:800;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--blue-900);\r\n  text-align:center;padding:20px;border-radius:var(--r)}\r\n.cdrill.veiled .veilmsg{display:flex}\r\n.cdrill{position:relative}\r\n\/* what a print or PDF export gets instead of the paper *\/\r\n.cdrill-printblock{display:none}\r\n@media print{\r\n  .cdrill{display:none!important}\r\n  .cdrill-printblock{display:block!important;padding:60px 40px;text-align:center;\r\n    font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',system-ui,sans-serif;color:#12246E}\r\n  .cdrill-printblock h2{font-size:20px;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 10px}\r\n  .cdrill-printblock p{font-size:13.5px;color:#5B6B85;line-height:1.7;max-width:60ch;margin:0 auto}\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- mobile ---------- *\/\r\n@media(max-width:640px){\r\n  .cdrill .wrap{padding:0 14px}\r\n\r\n  \/* hero: tighter, and the stat tiles share the row evenly *\/\r\n  .cdrill .hero{padding-top:18px}\r\n  .cdrill .hero h1{font-size:19px}\r\n  .cdrill .hero p{font-size:12.6px;margin-bottom:14px}\r\n  .cdrill .hstats{gap:7px}\r\n  .cdrill .hstat{flex:1 1 0;min-width:0;padding:8px 10px;text-align:center}\r\n  .cdrill .hstat b{font-size:17px}\r\n  .cdrill .hstat span{font-size:8.8px;letter-spacing:.06em}\r\n\r\n  \/* tabs scroll sideways instead of wrapping onto two lines *\/\r\n  .cdrill .tabs{margin-top:16px;gap:5px;flex-wrap:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;scrollbar-width:none;\r\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .cdrill .tabs::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}\r\n  .cdrill .tab{flex:none;padding:10px 15px;font-size:12.6px;gap:6px;white-space:nowrap}\r\n  .cdrill .tab[aria-selected=true]{padding-bottom:13px}\r\n\r\n  \/* THE FIX: pills were shrinking to fit instead of scrolling, which cut\r\n     every label in half. flex:none makes the row scroll as intended. *\/\r\n  .cdrill .filters .wrap{padding-top:11px;padding-bottom:11px;gap:8px;\r\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .cdrill .pill-f{flex:none;padding:8px 14px;font-size:12.6px;gap:6px}\r\n  .cdrill .pill-f .n{font-size:10.5px;padding:2px 7px}\r\n\r\n  \/* toolbar stacks *\/\r\n  .cdrill .grid{padding:14px 0 40px;gap:14px}\r\n  .cdrill .toolbar{gap:8px;padding-bottom:12px}\r\n  .cdrill .search{flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0}\r\n  .cdrill .tgl{flex:1;justify-content:center;padding:9px 12px;font-size:12.6px}\r\n\r\n  \/* question card *\/\r\n  .cdrill .qhead{padding:11px 14px;gap:8px}\r\n  .cdrill .qcount{font-size:15px;width:100%}\r\n  .cdrill .qmeta{gap:6px}\r\n  .cdrill .badge-ch{max-width:100%;font-size:11px;padding:5px 11px}\r\n  .cdrill .badge-m,.cdrill .badge-src,.cdrill .qtag{font-size:10.6px;padding:4px 10px}\r\n  .cdrill .qbody{padding:16px 14px 18px}\r\n  .cdrill .qsheet{padding:15px 15px 16px;border-radius:0 9px 9px 0}\r\n  .cdrill .stem,.cdrill .qsheet .lead,.cdrill .qsheet .intro,.cdrill .qsheet .close,\r\n  .cdrill .stmts li,.cdrill .opt .txt{font-size:16.6px !important;line-height:1.6}\r\n  .cdrill .lists{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}\r\n  .cdrill .opt{padding:11px 13px;gap:9px}\r\n  .cdrill .key{min-width:28px;font-size:16px !important}\r\n  .cdrill .opt.sel::after{display:none}\r\n  .cdrill .actions{gap:7px}\r\n  .cdrill .btn{flex:1;padding:11px 14px;font-size:13.4px;text-align:center}\r\n  .cdrill .flagbtn{margin-left:0;flex:1 1 100%;justify-content:center;padding:11px 14px}\r\n  .cdrill .expl{padding:14px 15px}\r\n  .cdrill .expl .body{font-size:15.4px}\r\n\r\n  \/* chapter list and navigator *\/\r\n  .cdrill .chaphead{padding:10px 14px;gap:8px}\r\n  .cdrill .chaphead .meta{margin-left:0;flex:1 1 100%;white-space:normal}\r\n  .cdrill .chapchip{padding:10px 14px;gap:7px}\r\n  .cdrill .chapchip .cn{font-size:12.2px}\r\n  .cdrill .yearlist{padding:14px;gap:8px}\r\n  .cdrill .ychip{flex:1 1 calc(33.333% - 6px);min-width:0;padding:10px 8px}\r\n  .cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(8,minmax(0,1fr));max-height:none}\r\n  .cdrill .rail .card{padding:14px}\r\n\r\n  \/* performance and analytics *\/\r\n  .cdrill .perf{padding:16px 14px 24px;gap:22px}\r\n  .cdrill .pbh{padding:16px 15px 14px;gap:10px}\r\n  .cdrill .pbh h4{font-size:15.4px}\r\n  .cdrill .pbh p{font-size:12.4px}\r\n  .cdrill .bars{padding:6px 15px 14px}\r\n  .cdrill .hero2{gap:14px}\r\n  .cdrill .ring-card{padding:20px 16px}\r\n  .cdrill .coach{padding:15px}\r\n  .cdrill .reco{gap:10px}\r\n  .cdrill .reco p{font-size:13px}\r\n  .cdrill .reco .go{margin-left:0;flex:1 1 100%;margin-top:6px}\r\n  .cdrill .planner{padding:15px;gap:12px}\r\n  .cdrill .pbtns{width:100%;gap:8px}\r\n  .cdrill .pbtn{flex:1 1 100%;justify-content:center;padding:12px 14px}\r\n  .cdrill .kpis{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:9px}\r\n  .cdrill .kpi{padding:12px}\r\n  .cdrill .kpi b{font-size:22px}\r\n  .cdrill .kpi span{font-size:10.4px}\r\n  .cdrill .panel{padding:14px}\r\n  .cdrill .danger{padding:14px}\r\n  .cdrill .dbtn{width:100%}\r\n  .cdrill .cyc{padding:20px 14px 14px;gap:8px}\r\n  .cdrill .cycbar{min-width:42px}\r\n  .cdrill .toast{left:14px;right:14px;transform:none;text-align:center;bottom:16px}\r\n}\r\n@media(max-width:380px){\r\n  .cdrill .hstat b{font-size:15.5px}\r\n  .cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr))}\r\n  .cdrill .ychip{flex:1 1 calc(50% - 5px)}\r\n  .cdrill .kpis{grid-template-columns:1fr}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"cdrill\" id=\"cdRoot\">\r\n\r\n  <header class=\"hero\">\r\n    <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n      <div class=\"eyebrow\" id=\"cdEyebrow\">CSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com<\/div>\r\n      <h1 id=\"cdTopic\">Chapter-wise Test Series<\/h1>\r\n      <p id=\"cdSub\">Chapter drills with a planner that builds your next sitting for you.<\/p>\r\n      <div class=\"hstats\">\r\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hQ\">0<\/b><span>Questions<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hCh\">0<\/b><span>Chapters<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hMastered\">0%<\/b><span>Mastered<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hReady\">\u2014<\/b><span>Readiness<\/span><\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"tabs\" role=\"tablist\">\r\n        <button class=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"quiz\">\u270f\ufe0f Practice<\/button>\r\n        <button class=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"perf\">\ud83d\udcca My Performance <span class=\"pill hide\" id=\"perfPill\">!<\/span><\/button>\r\n        <button class=\"tab hide\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"exam\" id=\"tabExam\">\ud83d\udcdc Exam Analytics<\/button>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/header>\r\n  <div class=\"goldrule\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"filters\" id=\"cdFilters\">\r\n    <div class=\"wrap\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Filter questions\">\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f\" data-f=\"all\" aria-pressed=\"true\">\ud83d\udccb All questions<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fAll\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f navy\" data-f=\"pyq\">\ud83d\udcdc PYQs only<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fPyq\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f\" data-f=\"concept\">\ud83e\udde0 Concept MCQs<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fCon\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f\" data-f=\"chapter\">\ud83d\udcda By chapter<\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f gold hide\" data-f=\"session\" id=\"pillSession\">\ud83e\udde9 <span id=\"sessLabel\">My session<\/span><span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fSess\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f warn\" data-f=\"weak\">\u26a0\ufe0f Weak areas<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fWeak\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f\" data-f=\"flagged\">\ud83d\udd16 Flagged<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fFlag\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n    <!-- ============ PRACTICE ============ -->\r\n    <div class=\"grid\" id=\"viewQuiz\">\r\n      <div>\r\n        <div class=\"toolbar\">\r\n          <div class=\"search\">\r\n            <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"M20 20l-3.5-3.5\"\/><\/svg>\r\n            <input id=\"cdSearch\" placeholder=\"Search a phrase or a rule number\" aria-label=\"Search questions\">\r\n          <\/div>\r\n          <button class=\"tgl\" id=\"tglUn\" aria-pressed=\"false\">\u25fb Unattempted only<\/button>\r\n          <button class=\"tgl\" id=\"tglReset\">\u21ba Reset session<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <section class=\"card chapcard hide\" id=\"chapPanel\">\r\n          <div class=\"chaphead\">\r\n            <b>\ud83d\udcda Filter by chapter<\/b><i id=\"chapHint\"><\/i>\r\n            <span class=\"bankseg\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Which bank\">\r\n              <button data-bank=\"all\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Both<\/button>\r\n              <button data-bank=\"pyq\" aria-pressed=\"false\">PYQs<\/button>\r\n              <button data-bank=\"concept\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Concept<\/button>\r\n            <\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"meta\" id=\"ctxMeta\"><\/span>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"chaplist\" id=\"chapList\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Choose chapter\"><\/div>\r\n        <\/section>\r\n\r\n        <section class=\"card hide\" id=\"emptyCard\">\r\n          <div class=\"qhead\"><span class=\"qcount\">Nothing to show<\/span><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"empty\" id=\"emptyBody\"><\/div>\r\n        <\/section>\r\n\r\n        <section class=\"card\" id=\"qCard\">\r\n          <div class=\"qhead\">\r\n            <span class=\"qcount\" id=\"qCount\">Question 1 of 1<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"qmeta\">\r\n              <span class=\"badge-src\" id=\"qSrc\">Concept<\/span>\r\n              <span class=\"badge-m\" id=\"qMastery\">Not seen yet<\/span>\r\n              <span class=\"badge-ch\"><span id=\"qChap\">Chapter<\/span><\/span>\r\n              <span id=\"qTags\" class=\"qtags\"><\/span>\r\n            <\/span>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"qbody\">\r\n            <p class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><\/p>\r\n            <div class=\"opts\" id=\"qOpts\"><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"actions\">\r\n              <button class=\"btn\" id=\"btnCheck\">Check answer<\/button>\r\n              <button class=\"btn ghost\" id=\"btnPrev\">\u2190 Previous<\/button>\r\n              <button class=\"btn ghost\" id=\"btnNext\">Next \u2192<\/button>\r\n              <button class=\"flagbtn\" id=\"btnFlag\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span id=\"flagIco\">\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f<\/span><span id=\"flagTxt\">Flag for review<\/span><\/button>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <p class=\"hint hide\" id=\"pickHint\">Choose an option above, then check your answer.<\/p>\r\n\r\n            <div id=\"result\" class=\"hide\">\r\n              <div class=\"verdict\" id=\"verdict\"><\/div>\r\n              <div class=\"expl\">\r\n                <div class=\"expl-h\">Source &amp; reasoning<\/div>\r\n                <div id=\"explBody\" 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Open it when a citation needs checking.<\/p>\r\n          <a class=\"btn\" id=\"srcLink\" href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"display:block;text-align:center;text-decoration:none\">\ud83d\udcd6 Read the source<\/a>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/aside>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- ============ EXAM ANALYTICS ============ -->\r\n    <div class=\"hide\" id=\"viewExam\">\r\n      <section class=\"card\" style=\"margin:20px 0 60px\">\r\n        <div class=\"qhead\"><span class=\"qcount\">Exam Analytics<\/span><span class=\"badge-w\" id=\"examCount\">0 PYQs<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"perf\" id=\"examBody\"><\/div>\r\n      <\/section>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- ============ PERFORMANCE ============ -->\r\n    <div class=\"hide\" id=\"viewPerf\">\r\n      <section class=\"card\" style=\"margin:20px 0 60px\">\r\n        <div class=\"qhead\"><span class=\"qcount\">My Performance<\/span><span class=\"badge-w\" id=\"perfCount\">0 attempted<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"perf\" id=\"perfBody\"><\/div>\r\n      <\/section>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"veilmsg\" id=\"veilMsg\">Paused \u2014 bring this window back to the front to continue<\/div>\r\n  <div class=\"toast\" id=\"toast\"><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"cdrill-printblock\">\r\n  <h2>This test series is not available in print<\/h2>\r\n  <p>The questions, explanations and your progress are licensed for use on\r\n     PromotionExams.com and cannot be printed or saved as a PDF. Please\r\n     work through them on screen.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n\"use strict\";\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   1. CONFIGURATION  \u2190 EDIT PER SUBJECT\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst CFG = {\r\n  quizId : 'subject-pyq-chapterwise',  \/\/ unique per page \u2014 this is the progress key\r\n  topic  : 'CCS (Leave\/LTC) Rules - PYQs & Chapterwise',             \/\/ e.g. 'Right to Information Act, 2005'\r\n  eyebrow: '',                         \/\/ e.g. 'UPSC SO \/ Steno LDCE \u00b7 Paper II'\r\n  sub    : 'Previous year questions and chapter drills, weighted by what the paper actually asks.',\r\n\r\n  \/* --- SOURCE PAGE --------------------------------------------------- *\/\r\n  sourceUrl   : '',                 \/\/ e.g. 'https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/your-source-page\/'\r\n  sourceLabel : 'full source text',\r\n\r\n  masteryThreshold : 3,     \/\/ clean correct answers before a question counts as mastered\r\n  weakThreshold    : 1,     \/\/ wrong attempts before a question is flagged weak\r\n\r\n  priorAccuracy : 0.30,     \/\/ expected-score model: shrink raw accuracy toward this\r\n  priorStrength : 6,\r\n  retention     : { baseDays:3, growth:2.5, riskBelow:0.70 },\r\n\r\n  highYield   : 15,         \/\/ a chapter with this many PYQs is called high-yield\r\n\r\n  sessionSize : 25,         \/\/ Focused set\r\n  mockSize    : 50,         \/\/ Mock paper\r\n  pyqSize     : 30          \/\/ PYQ paper\r\n};\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   2. THE TWO BANKS  \u2190 PASTE YOUR QUESTIONS HERE\r\n   Same schema in both:\r\n      { id, chapter, question, options[], correct, explanation }\r\n   PYQ entries take one extra field:  year: 2023\r\n   Exam weight is COUNTED from pyqQuestions \u2014 you do not set it by hand.\r\n   The samples below are only so the page renders. Delete them.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst pyqQuestions = [\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 1,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"When a day cannot be marked as dies non?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"When the official remains absent from duty without prior information\",\r\n      \"When the official becomes a habitual latecomer\",\r\n      \"When the official leaves the office without prior permission\",\r\n      \"When the official remains in office but refuses to perform duty assigned to him\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.12<\/b> \u2014 'Half-a-day's casual leave should be debited to the casual leave account of a Government servant for each late attendance but late attendance up to an hour, on not more than two occasions in a month may be condoned by the competent authority'. Dies non can be ordered where the official absents himself without prior permission, leaves office without permission, or remains in office but refuses to do the work assigned. Mere late attendance is NOT one of them: para 2.12-2.13 of the DoPT Brochure debits half a day's casual leave for each late attendance (late coming up to one hour, on not more than two occasions a month, may be condoned). If the official has actually worked through the day, dies non cannot be marked.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 2,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Leave not due on medical certificate may be granted to a permanent government servant up to a maximum of\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"360 days during the entire service\",\r\n      \"360 days or the number of days of half-pay leave that he is likely to earn thereafter, whichever is less\",\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 31(1)<\/b> \u2014 'Leave Not Due may be granted to a Government servant in permanent employ or quasi-permanent employ (other than a military officer) limited to a maximum of 360 days during the entire service on medical certificate'. Rule 31(1) fixes the ceiling at 360 days during the entire service on medical certificate, and Rule 31(1)(b) independently limits LND to the half pay leave the officer is likely to earn thereafter. Option (b) states both limbs, which is why it is preferred over the bare 360 days in option (a).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 3,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A temporary government servant may be granted extraordinary leave on any occasion but such leave should not exceed\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"three months or six months as the case may be, depending on whether or not he has completed one year of continuous service\",\r\n      \"six months at a time\",\r\n      \"twenty-four months on medical grounds\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 32(2)<\/b> \u2014 'no Government servant, who is not in permanent employ or quasi-permanent employ, shall be granted extraordinary leave on any one occasion in excess of the following limits:- (a) three months; (b) six months where the Government servant has completed one year's continuous service'. Rule 32(2): (a) three months; (b) six months where one year's continuous service is completed AND the request is supported by a medical certificate. The 18-month slab (TB, leprosy, cancer, mental illness) and the 24-month slab (studies in public interest) in Rule 32(2)(d) and (e) are separate special cases, not the general rule.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 4,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An officer with only half a day's CL at his credit was allowed to avail the same during the second half of a working day. He could not report for duty for the next 4 days due to his sudden illness and therefore had applied for grant of EL for 4 days. In such a situation, how would the request of the officer be processed?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Since CL cannot be combined with earned leave, his request cannot be agreed to\",\r\n      \"He may be allowed special casual leave to regularize the absence\",\r\n      \"He may be sanctioned extraordinary leave to regularize the absence\",\r\n      \"His request for earned leave in continuation of the half-day CL availed by him may be agreed to in the circumstances stated\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.11<\/b> \u2014 'If a Government servant having only half a day's casual leave at his credit avails it in the afternoon of a day and is unable to resume duty on the next working day due to sickness or other compelling grounds, he may be permitted to combine half-a-day's casual leave with regular leave'. Para 2.11 of the DoPT Brochure creates an express exception to the bar on combining casual leave with regular leave: where a Government servant with only half a day's CL at credit avails it in the afternoon and cannot resume duty the next working day owing to sickness or other compelling grounds, he may be permitted to combine that half day's CL with regular leave. The converse - availing half a day's CL on the afternoon before pre-planned regular leave - is not allowed.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 5,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :\\nList-I (Purpose of Leave) : A. Miscarriage and abortion ; B. Child adoption leave ; C. Special disability leave for injury ; D. Extraordinary leave for temporary employees with 9 months service\\nList-II (Maximum Admissible Duration) : 1. 24 months ; 2. 45 days ; 3. 3 months ; 4. 180 days\\nCode :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43(3)<\/b> \u2014 'Maternity leave not exceeding 45 days may also be granted to a female Government servant (irrespective of the number of surviving children) during the entire service'. A. Miscarriage\/abortion = 45 days maternity leave, Rule 43(3). B. Child adoption leave = 180 days, Rule 43-B(1). C. Special disability leave for injury = 24 months, then Rule 44. D. EOL for a temporary employee with 9 months' service = 3 months, Rule 32(2)(a), since he has not completed one year and the six-month slab is unavailable. RULE CHANGED: Rules 44-46 (Special Disability Leave) were omitted w.e.f. 11.12.2018 and replaced by Work Related Illness and Injury Leave (WRIIL) under the new Rule 44.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 6,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A request of a government servant for conversion of one kind of leave into another kind which was due and admissible to him at the time when the leave was granted originally, may be considered by the competent authority in case such a request has been received\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"within 30 days of the concerned government servant joining his duty on expiry of the leave already sanctioned\",\r\n      \"at any time before his retirement on superannuation\",\r\n      \"within one year of his joining duty on expiry of the leave\",\r\n      \"within a maximum period of 4 months after he ceases to be in the employment of the government\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 10(1)<\/b> \u2014 'no such request shall be considered unless received by such authority, or any other authority designated in this behalf, within a period of 30 days of the concerned Government servant joining his duty on the expiry of the relevant spell of leave availed of by him'. Proviso to Rule 10(1), inserted by DoPT Notification No. 14015\/2\/97-Estt.(L) dated 31.12.1997. Commutation is retrospective and can only be into leave that was due and admissible on the date the original leave was granted; it cannot be claimed as a matter of right.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 7,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"For the purpose of leave, employees of State Governments and Central\/State Public Sector Undertakings\/Central Autonomous Bodies who join Central Government departments on short-term deputation basis are governed by\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the leave rules applicable to them in their parent organizations\",\r\n      \"special set of leave rules issued by the Department of Personnel and Training\",\r\n      \"the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972 for the duration for which they remain with the Central Government department\",\r\n      \"the terms and conditions of appointment as finalized by the government in individual cases\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 2(k)<\/b> \u2014 'persons serving under a Central Government Department, on deputation from a State Government or any other source, for a limited duration'. Rule 2(k) expressly excludes from the CCS (Leave) Rules persons serving under a Central Government Department on deputation from a State Government or any other source for a limited duration. Read with Rule 5(a), such a person remains subject to the leave rules that applied to him before the transfer.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 8,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A government servant was granted 'leave not due' on medical grounds for 180 days. Before expiry of such leave, he had applied for and has been permitted to retire voluntarily from service without returning to duty. How shall the leave granted to him be regulated in such a situation?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Leave not due availed by him up to the date of application for voluntary retirement will be regularized by adjusting the number of days involved against the earned leave and HPL accrued and recovery of leave salary for the remaining period\",\r\n      \"Leave not due sanctioned shall be cancelled, his resignation would be made effective from the date on which he had proceeded on leave and leave salary paid to him would be recovered\",\r\n      \"He would be allowed to retire from service after expiry of the leave period\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 31(2)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'the Leave Not Due shall be cancelled, his resignation or retirement taking effect from the date on which such leave had commenced, and the leave salary shall be recovered'. Rule 31(2)(a). The two provisos matter: NO recovery of leave salary if the retirement is on account of ill-health incapacitating him for further service, or in the event of death, or where he is compulsorily retired prematurely under CCS (Pension) Rule 48(1)(b) or FR 56(j)\/56(l).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 9,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A government servant who was sanctioned study leave had sought voluntary retirement from service within two years of his return from leave. What action can be taken by the government on the request of the government servant in case he persists with his request?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"He may be permitted to retire from service on expiry of the notice period or payment in lieu thereof\",\r\n      \"He may be permitted to retire on refund of the actual amount of leave salary, study allowance, expenditure, if any on fees, travel and other expenditures, the cost incurred by other agencies in connection with the course of study, etc., together with interest thereon as per the applicable rate, in case not exempted by the competent authority\",\r\n      \"He should not be given permission to retire and action should be initiated against him for non-fulfillment of the conditions related to grant of the leave\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 63(1)<\/b> \u2014 'the actual amount of leave salary, cost of fees, travelling and other expenses, if any, incurred by the Government of India'. Rule 63(1). The bond under Rule 53(4) requires three years' service after return from study leave (five years for a Central Health Service Officer granted 36 months' study leave). Two years is inside that period, so the refund liability is attracted. Rule 63(3) allows the President to waive or reduce the refund in public interest.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 10,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the cases where employees who do not hold any regular post under the government are engaged on ad hoc basis and their appointments are not treated as ad hoc for technical reasons, whether earned leave would be admissible and how would the leave be regulated?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Ad hoc employees are not entitled to leave of any kind and therefore there is no question of regulating it\",\r\n      \"Such employees can be allowed leave at the rate of 2 1\/2 days for every completed month of service and in case of their continuance in service beyond 3 years without break, earned leave as admissible to temporary employees should be extended to them\",\r\n      \"Encashment may be allowed, of the leave that would have accrued to them, had they been treated as temporary government employees\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 2<\/b> \u2014 'these rules shall apply to Government servants appointed to the civil services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union'. The Rules themselves contain no provision for ad hoc staff who hold no regular post, so the entitlement in the answer does not come from the Leave Rules at all: it rests on DoPT executive instructions, which allow leave on the analogy of the earned leave formula of 2\u00bd days per completed calendar month in <b>Rule 27(1)<\/b>, and extend earned leave as admissible to temporary employees on continuance beyond three years without break. Note that this entitlement does not carry the benefit of leave encashment on termination, which is why option (c) is wrong.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 11,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A temporary government servant applied for leave in excess of the limits prescribed under Rule 32 of the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972. The request was considered by the competent authority and since he was convinced that the grounds adduced in support of the request were not genuine or exceptional, only the leave due and admissible to him was sanctioned. The government servant however continued to remain absent without authority. How would the period of his absence be treated?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"The period of unauthorized absence would be treated as dies non, his past service will be forfeited and disciplinary action will be initiated after obtaining an explanation from him for the unauthorized absence and consideration of the same\",\r\n      \"The period of unauthorized absence would be adjusted against half-pay leave that may accrue to him later\",\r\n      \"The period of unauthorized absence would be treated as extraordinary leave that may be adjusted against the earned leave that may accrue to him subsequently\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 25(2)<\/b> \u2014 'Wilful absence from duty after the expiry of leave renders a Government servant liable to disciplinary action'. Three authorities converge and together validate every limb of option (a). Rule 25(2) makes wilful absence after expiry of leave a ground for disciplinary action. FR 17-A(iii) provides that remaining absent without any authority or deserting the post shall be deemed to cause an interruption or break in service unless otherwise decided by the competent authority - that is the forfeiture limb. And the C&AG orders reproduced in DoPT's consolidated instructions (F. No. 13026\/3\/2010-Estt.(L) dated 22.06.2010) direct that absence not covered by a grant of leave be treated as dies non for all purposes - increment, leave and pension. Options (b) and (c) fail because Rule 25(1) permits debit only against half pay leave already due, not leave accruing in future.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 12,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"How the requests of two government servants who were sanctioned earned leave for 3 months each, to return to duty before expiry of the period of leave sanctioned to them would be acted upon (one of them was sanctioned the leave preparatory to his retirement and no officiating arrangements were made to fill the vacancies in both the cases)?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"In both the cases, the government servants may be allowed to join duties of the posts held by them before proceeding on leave, with the approval of the authority that had sanctioned them the leave\",\r\n      \"Both the government servants may be allowed to join duties of the posts held by them with the approval of the head of the department concerned\",\r\n      \"While in the case of the government servant who was sanctioned leave preparatory to his retirement may be permitted to join duties with the approval of the appropriate authority of the post from which he proceeded on leave, the other government servant may be permitted to join duties with the approval of the authority which had granted him the leave\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 24(2)<\/b> \u2014 'a Government servant on leave preparatory to retirement shall be precluded from returning to duty, save with the consent of the authority competent to appoint him to the post from which he proceeded on leave preparatory to retirement'. Rule 24(1) and Rule 24(2). The distinction exists because a person on leave preparatory to retirement is ordinarily PRECLUDED from returning to duty at all; returning is an exception requiring the consent of the authority competent to appoint him to the post from which he proceeded on leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 13,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding agreement with the facility of child adoption leave admissible to a female government servant :\\n1. The facility is admissible when she does not have surviving child.\\n2. Leave for a period of 180 days immediately after the date of valid adoption is admissible and such leave may be combined with leave of any other kind.\\nWhich of these statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-B(1)<\/b> \u2014 'A female Government servant, with fewer than two surviving children, on accepting a child in pre-adoption foster care or on valid adoption of a child below the age of one year, may be granted child adoption leave'. Statement 1 is wrong: Rule 43-B(1) requires FEWER THAN TWO surviving children, not the absence of any surviving child. Statement 2 is correct: 180 days from the date of valid adoption (or of accepting the child in pre-adoption foster care) of a child below one year, and under Rule 43-B(3)(a) it may be combined with leave of any other kind.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 14,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"How many days special casual leave is admissible to a Male Central Government Employee for undergoing recanalisation operation?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Maximum of 6 days\",\r\n      \"Maximum of 7 days\",\r\n      \"Maximum of 15 days\",\r\n      \"Maximum of 21 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 4.4<\/b> \u2014 'Central Government servants who undergo operation of recanalisation may be granted special casual leave upto a period of 21 days or the actual period of hospitalization as certified by the authorized medical attendant whichever is less'. Para 4.4 of the DoPT Brochure: up to 21 days OR the actual period of hospitalisation as certified by the authorised medical attendant, whichever is less, plus special casual leave for the actual to-and-fro journey. Admissible only to those who are unmarried, or have fewer than two children, or seek recanalisation for substantial reasons such as loss of all male or all female children after an earlier sterilisation.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 15,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An officer has been appointed on a contract under the Central Government. The period of contract is for 3 years. What is the maximum earned leave for which encashment will be allowed to him at the time of termination of contract?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"50 days\",\r\n      \"75 days\",\r\n      \"100 days\",\r\n      \"125 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM dated 12.07.1999<\/b> \u2014 'More than 2 years upto 5 years 50 days'. Contract officers fall outside the CCS (Leave) Rules under Rule 2(h) unless the contract provides otherwise; their leave terms come from DoPT OM No. 12016\/3\/84-Estt.(L) dated 12.04.1985. The slab table substituted by OM No. 12016\/2\/99-Estt.(L) dated 12.07.1999 reads: up to 2 years - no encashment; more than 2 up to 5 years - 50 days; more than 5 up to 10 years - 100 days; more than 10 up to 15 - 150; 15 to 20 - 200; 20 to 25 - 250; beyond 25 years - 300 days. A 3-year contract sits in the second slab, so 50 days. The 100 days in option (c) is the NEXT slab and is the intended trap. Para 2 of the same OM adds an overriding cap: encashment on termination plus any encashed in earlier Government appointments must not exceed 300 days. RULE CHANGED: OM No. 14028\/1\/2019-Estt.(L) has replaced the slab table with a flat 10 days for each completed year of that contract appointment, so the same contract would today yield only 30 days.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 16,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A female Central Government employee who undergoes a tubectomy operation will be eligible to be granted special casual leave not exceeding\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"14 days\",\r\n      \"15 days\",\r\n      \"30 days\",\r\n      \"45 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 4.1<\/b> \u2014 'Puerperal\/non-puerperal tubectomy 14 days'. Para 4.1 of the Brochure: puerperal or non-puerperal tubectomy, whether the first time or the second (on a certificate that the first failed), and salpingectomy after MTP, all carry 14 days. Laparoscopic tubectomy is covered. Post-tubectomy complications attract up to 14 days more under para 4.2.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 17,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"What is the extent of special casual leave permissible to a male Government servant whose wife undergoes tubectomy operation?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"3 days\",\r\n      \"7 days\",\r\n      \"5 days\",\r\n      \"10 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 4.3<\/b> \u2014 'Special casual leave upto a maximum period of 7 days can be given to a male Government servant, whose wife undergoes puerperal\/non-puerperal tubectomy including sterilization performed through laproscopy for the first or the second time'. Para 4.3 of the Brochure, on production of a medical certificate that his wife has undergone the operation. The same 7 days apply if the wife undergoes tubectomy or salpingectomy under MTP.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 18,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Husband of a female Central Government employee undergoes a vasectomy operation. The female employee is eligible to be granted special casual leave for attending to her husband. The number of days for which the female employee is entitled to the special casual leave will be\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 day, on the day of operation\",\r\n      \"2 days, including the day of operation\",\r\n      \"3 days, including the day of operation\",\r\n      \"7 days, including the day of operation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, Chapter IV<\/b> \u2014 'Special casual leave is not a recognized form of leave and a Government servant on special casual leave is not treated as absent from duty'. The spousal concession is deliberately asymmetric: 7 days to a husband whose wife undergoes tubectomy, which is a major procedure requiring attendance, but only the day of the operation to a wife whose husband undergoes vasectomy, which is a minor day-care procedure.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 19,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"No Government servant shall be granted leave of any kind for a continuous period exceeding five years unless the Competent Authority, in view of the exceptional circumstances of the case, otherwise determines. Who is the Competent Authority in such cases?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"Cabinet Secretariat\",\r\n      \"Department of Personnel and Training\",\r\n      \"The President\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 12(2)<\/b> \u2014 'Unless the President, in view of the exceptional circumstances of the case, otherwise determines, a Government servant who remains absent from duty for a continuous period exceeding five years'. Rule 12. Since the amendment of 29.03.2012 the rule reads in two parts: sub-rule (1) bars leave of any kind for a continuous period exceeding five years, and sub-rule (2) provides that unless THE PRESIDENT, in view of exceptional circumstances, otherwise determines, absence exceeding five years other than on foreign service is treated as deemed resignation, after a reasonable opportunity to explain. By the proviso added on 03.04.2018 this does not apply where leave is applied for on medical certificate in connection with a disability.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 20,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The maximum period for which special disability leave may be granted to a Government servant for an injury intentionally inflicted on him in consequence of his official position shall be\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"12 months\",\r\n      \"15 months\",\r\n      \"24 months\",\r\n      \"30 months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 44 (as it then stood)<\/b> \u2014 'full pay and allowances for the six months immediately following hospitalization and Half Pay for twelve months beyond the said period of six months'. Then Rule 44 of the CCS (Leave) Rules. RULE CHANGED: Special Disability Leave (Rules 44-46) was omitted w.e.f. 11.12.2018 and replaced by WRIIL under the new Rule 44 - full pay and allowances for the entire hospitalisation; beyond hospitalisation a civilian Government servant gets full pay for 6 months and half pay for the next 12 months (commutable to full pay by debiting HPL). No EL or HPL is credited during WRIIL.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 21,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"What is the entitlement of maternity leave to a female Government servant who has less than two surviving children?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"120 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"150 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43(1)<\/b> \u2014 'A female Government servant (including an apprentice) with less than two surviving children may be granted maternity leave by an authority competent to grant leave for a period of 180 days from the date of its commencement'. Rule 43(1). RULE CHANGED: the entitlement was 135 days until raised to 180 days by DoPT Notification No. 11012\/1\/2009-Estt.(L) dated 01.12.2009. By the amendment of 18.06.2024, in surrogacy cases both the surrogate mother and the commissioning mother with fewer than two surviving children may be granted 180 days.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 22,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following are not true in the context of CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972?\\n1. Wilful absence from duty not covered by grant of leave is treated as 'dies non'.\\n2. Leave shall not be granted to a Government servant under suspension.\\n3. Leave Not Due (LND) will be debited against Earned leave that the Government servant earns subsequently.\\n4. Conversion of one kind of leave into a leave of different kind is permissible even after a Government servant ceases to be in service.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 31(1)(c)<\/b> \u2014 'Leave Not Due shall be debited against the half pay leave the Government servant may earn subsequently'. Statement 3 is wrong: Rule 31(1)(c) debits LND against the HALF PAY LEAVE the Government servant may earn subsequently, not earned leave. Statement 4 is wrong: the proviso to Rule 10(1) requires the request within 30 days of joining duty, so commutation is not open after a person ceases to be in service. Statements 1 and 2 are correct as settled positions.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 23,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 7: MISCELLANEOUS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In a particular case, where application of Leave Rules causes undue hardship, the option available for the Ministry or Department is\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"No option except to apply the connected rules\",\r\n      \"The competent authority may, by order, for reasons to be recorded in writing dispense with or relax the requirements of that rule, to such extent and subject to such exceptions and conditions as it may consider necessary for dealing with the case in a just and equitable manner\",\r\n      \"As at (b) above but make such an order with the concurrence of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions\",\r\n      \"To seek the permission of the concerned Ministry to relax the rules to suit the conditions favourably\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 65<\/b> \u2014 'no such order shall be made except with the concurrence of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions'. Rule 65 and its proviso. Option (b) reproduces the operative part but omits the mandatory concurrence, which is the whole point of the question. Contrast the LTC Rules, where the concurrence required under Rule 18 is that of the DEPARTMENT of Personnel and Training.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 24,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"What is the maximum limit up to which half pay leave can be commuted during the entire service (without production of medical certificate) where such leave is utilized for an approved course of study certified to be in public interest?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"150 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"300 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 30(1-A)<\/b> \u2014 'Half pay leave up to a maximum of 180 days may be allowed to be commuted during the entire service (without production of medical certificate) where such leave is utilized for an approved course of study certified to be in the public interest'. Rule 30(1-A). Remember the arithmetic of commuted leave: twice the amount granted is debited against HPL due under Rule 30(1)(d), so 180 days of commuted leave costs 360 days of HPL.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 25,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"When a Government servant dies while in service, credit of Half Pay Leave shall be allowed at the rate of 5\/3 days per completed month of service up to\\n1. the date of death of the Government servant.\\n2. the end of the calendar month in which the Government servant died.\\n3. the end of the calendar month preceding the calendar month in which the Government servant died.\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 29(2)(ca)<\/b> \u2014 'When a Government servant dies while in service, credit of half pay leave shall be allowed at the rate of 5\/3 days per completed month of service up to the date of death of the Government servant'. Rule 29(2)(ca). RULE CHANGED: before 12.05.2011 the credit stopped at the end of the calendar month PRECEDING the month of death, i.e. statement 3. DoPT Notification No. 13026\/1\/2010-Estt.(L) dated 12.05.2011 substituted up to the date of death for both EL (Rule 27(2)(c)) and HPL. Statement 3 remains correct for REMOVAL or DISMISSAL, where the credit still stops at the end of the preceding calendar month.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 26,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following kinds of Leave is not recognized as 'Leave' under CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Leave Not Due\",\r\n      \"Departmental Leave\",\r\n      \"Child Adoption Leave\",\r\n      \"Casual Leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Explanation to Rule 11<\/b> \u2014 'Casual leave which is not recognized as leave under these rules shall not be combined with any other kind of leave admissible under these rules'. The Explanation to Rule 11 says in terms that casual leave is not recognised as leave under these rules and cannot be combined with any other kind of leave admissible under them. Departmental Leave (Rule 49), Leave Not Due (Rule 31) and Child Adoption Leave (Rule 43-B) are all recognised kinds of leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 27,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"What is the maximum period up to which continuous leave of any kind can be granted to a Government servant?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"300 days\",\r\n      \"3 years\",\r\n      \"5 years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 12(1)<\/b> \u2014 'No Government servant shall be granted leave of any kind for a continuous period exceeding five years'. Rule 12(1): no Government servant shall be granted leave of any kind for a continuous period exceeding five years.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 28,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Advance of leave salary may be allowed to a Government servant when leave taken is not less than\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"30 days\",\r\n      \"45 days\",\r\n      \"60 days\",\r\n      \"90 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 42<\/b> \u2014 'A Government servant, including a Government servant on foreign service, proceeding on leave for a period not less than thirty days may be allowed an advance in lieu of leave salary up to a month's pay and allowances'. Rule 42: a Government servant, including one on foreign service, proceeding on leave for not less than thirty days may be allowed an advance up to one month's pay and allowances admissible on that leave salary, subject to deductions for income tax, provident fund, house rent and recovery of advances.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 29,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of an unmarried female Government servant, Maternity leave is\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Not admissible\",\r\n      \"Admissible in the normal course as admissible to married female Government servants\",\r\n      \"Admissible only if a certificate of child birth and a recommendation to grant leave from a duly constituted Medical Board is submitted\",\r\n      \"Admissible at the discretion of the Head of the Department, if certified by an authorized medical practitioner\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43(1)<\/b> \u2014 'A female Government servant (including an apprentice) with less than two surviving children may be granted maternity leave'. Rule 43(1) confers the benefit on a female Government servant (including an apprentice) with less than two surviving children and imposes NO condition of marital status. The rule is a health and welfare provision attached to confinement, not to marriage.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 30,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Up to what percentage of the fare can be drawn as advance while availing LTC by an employee?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"100% of the fare\",\r\n      \"90% of the fare\",\r\n      \"80% of the fare\",\r\n      \"75% of the fare\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM dated 07.10.1997<\/b> \u2014 'It has also been decided to increase the amount of advance for availing LTC from 80% to 90% of estimated fare'. Although the un-amended text of Rule 15(a) of the CCS (LTC) Rules, 1988 still reads four-fifths, the ceiling was raised from 80 per cent to 90 per cent by OM No. 14028\/7\/97-Estt.(L) dated 07.10.1997 giving effect to the Fifth CPC, and 90 per cent is the figure DoPT applies. Do not be misled by the older 80 per cent figure that still appears in the bare rule text.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 31,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Grant of leave to a Central Government servant is governed by\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Manual of Office Procedure\",\r\n      \"Notes of Office Procedure\",\r\n      \"Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972\",\r\n      \"Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 1(1)<\/b> \u2014 'These rules may be called the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972'. Rule 1(1) read with Rule 2. These rules form Part III of the FR and SR.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 32,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the context of casual leave, which of the following statements is true?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Casual leave is governed under Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972\",\r\n      \"Casual leave is one of the recognized forms of leave\",\r\n      \"A Government servant on casual leave is treated as absent from duty\",\r\n      \"Casual leave is not subject to any rules\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.1<\/b> \u2014 'Casual leave is not a recognized form of leave. The Government servant on casual leave is not treated as absent from duty and his pay is not intermitted'. Para 2.1 of the DoPT Brochure: casual leave is NOT a recognised form of leave, it is regulated by executive instructions rather than the Leave Rules, and a Government servant on casual leave is NOT treated as absent from duty - his pay is not intermitted. That disposes of options (a), (b) and (c).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 33,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Under which of the following circumstances, can an official be marked as 'dies non'?\\n1. When the official remains absent from duty without prior information.\\n2. When, on duty in office, the official leaves the office without proper permission.\\n3. The official remains in office, but refuses to perform the duty assigned to him.\\n4. When the official comes late to office.\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.12<\/b> \u2014 'Half-a-day's casual leave should be debited to the casual leave account of a Government servant for each late attendance'. Absence without prior information, leaving office without proper permission, and remaining in office but refusing to perform assigned duty are all failures to render service. Late coming (statement 4) is not, because the official does render the day's work; it is met by debiting half a day's casual leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 34,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding 'dies non' :\\n1. It is one of the formal penalties.\\n2. It is indicative of breach of discipline.\\n3. Periods treated as 'dies non' neither counts as service nor is construed as break in service.\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>FR 17-A<\/b> \u2014 'remaining absent without any authority or deserting the post, shall be deemed to cause an interruption or break in the service of the employee, unless otherwise decided by the competent authority'. Dies non is NOT a penalty listed in Rule 11 of the CCS (CCA) Rules, 1965, so statement 1 is wrong. It is an administrative consequence indicating a breach of discipline, and a period so treated neither counts as service nor is construed as a break in service. Its practical bite is in Rules 27(3) and 29(2)(d): the next half-yearly credit of EL is reduced by 1\/10th of the dies non period (maximum 15 days) and of HPL by 1\/18th (maximum 10 days).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 35,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements :\\n1. Ad hoc employees who do not hold any regular post under Government are not governed by the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972.\\n2. Ad hoc employees will not be entitled to the benefit of encashment of earned leave on termination of their service.\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 2<\/b> \u2014 'Save as otherwise provided in these rules, these rules shall apply to Government servants appointed to the civil services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union'. Ad hoc employees who hold no regular post are outside the CCS (Leave) Rules, and consequently have no claim to encashment of earned leave on termination of service, that benefit flowing from Rules 39 to 39-D which do not apply to them.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 36,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In relation to the CCS (Leave) Rules, 'Department of Central Government' means :\\n1. A Ministry or a Department of the Central Government as notified from time to time.\\n2. The Department of Parliamentary Affairs.\\n3. The President's Secretariat.\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 3(1)(f)<\/b> \u2014 'Department of the Central Government means a Ministry or a Department of the Central Government as notified from time to time and includes the Planning Commission, the Department of Parliamentary Affairs, the President's Secretariat'. Rule 3(1)(f) defines it as a Ministry or Department of the Central Government as notified from time to time AND INCLUDES the Planning Commission, the Department of Parliamentary Affairs, the President's Secretariat, the Vice-President's Secretariat, the Cabinet Secretariat and the Prime Minister's Secretariat.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 37,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statements are correct?\\n1. Leave cannot be claimed as of right.\\n2. When the exigencies of service so require, it will be open to the authority competent to grant leave, to alter the kind of leave due and applied for.\\n3. Leave should not ordinarily be denied during the last ten years of service.\\n4. Government servants may be encouraged to take leave regularly.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 7<\/b> \u2014 '(1) Leave cannot be claimed as of right. (2) When the exigencies of public service so require, leave of any kind may be refused or revoked by the authority competent to grant it'. Statement 2 inverts Rule 7(2). The rule says that when the exigencies of public service so require, leave may be REFUSED OR REVOKED by the competent authority, but it shall NOT be open to that authority to alter the kind of leave due and applied for EXCEPT at the written request of the Government servant. Statement 1 is Rule 7(1); statements 3 and 4 are the settled Government instructions on regular availing of leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 38,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements in the context of combination of different kinds of leave :\\n1. It is open to the competent authority to grant casual leave in combination with special casual leave.\\n2. It is permissible to grant Earned Leave (EL) in combination with special casual leave.\\n3. Casual leave may be granted in combination with half pay leave.\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 3.3<\/b> \u2014 'Special casual leave can be combined with regular leave or casual leave, but not with both'. Statement 1: paras 2.7 and 3.3 of the Brochure allow CL to be combined with special casual leave. Statement 2: special casual leave may be combined with regular leave, hence with earned leave. Statement 3 is wrong: half pay leave is regular leave, and the Explanation to Rule 11 bars casual leave from being combined with any leave recognised under the Leave Rules. Governing caution: special casual leave may be combined with regular leave OR casual leave, but NOT with both.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 39,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statements are correct in the context of encashment of earned leave (EL) along with LTC?\\n1. Government servants are allowed to encash 10 days EL at the time of availing LTC to the extent of 60 days during the entire career.\\n2. The leave encashment at the time of LTC will be deducted from the maximum amount of EL encashment at the time of retirement.\\n3. Where both wife and husband are Government servants, encashment of leave equal to 10 days at the time of availing LTC will continue to be available to both.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 38-A(4)<\/b> \u2014 'The period of earned leave encashed shall not be deducted from the quantum of leave that can normally be encashed by the Government servant under Rules 6,39,39-A, 39-B, 39-C and 39-D'. Statement 2 is the reverse of Rule 38-A(4), which provides that earned leave encashed at the time of LTC shall NOT be deducted from the quantum otherwise encashable under Rules 6, 39 and 39-A to 39-D. Statement 1 restates Rule 38-A(1) - 10 days at a time, 60 days in the whole career, with at least 30 days of EL remaining at credit. Statement 3 is the position under DoPT OM dated 23.09.2008.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 40,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In which of the following cases, Medical Certificate is not necessary for grant of Leave Not Due (LND)?\\n1. LND in continuation of Maternity Leave\\n2. LND in continuation of Child Adoption Leave\\n3. LND in continuation of Child Care Leave\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43(4)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'Notwithstanding the requirement of production of medical certificate contained in sub-rule (1) of Rule 30 or sub-rule (1) of Rule 31, leave of the kind due and admissible (including commuted leave for a period not exceeding 60 days and leave not due)'. Three parallel provisions dispense with the medical certificate requirement of Rule 31(1): Rule 43(4)(b) for LND in continuation of maternity leave, Rule 43-B(3)(b) for child adoption leave, and Rule 43-C(6) for child care leave. Each also permits commuted leave up to 60 days without a medical certificate.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 41,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In which of the following cases can extra-ordinary leave up to 24 months be granted?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"When other leave is admissible but the Government servant applies in writing for grant of extra-ordinary leave\",\r\n      \"Where the Government servant who has completed one year's continuous service is undergoing treatment for Pulmonary Tuberculosis\",\r\n      \"Where the leave is required for the purpose of prosecuting studies certified to be in public interest, provided the Government servant concerned has completed 3 year's continuous service on the date of expiry of leave of the kind due and admissible\",\r\n      \"All of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 32(2)(e)<\/b> \u2014 'twenty-four months, where the leave is required for the purpose of prosecuting studies certified to be in the public interest, provided the Government servant concerned has completed three years' continuous service'. Rule 32(2)(e), and a Bond in Form 6 with two sureties is required under Rule 32(3). Option (b) is a trap: Pulmonary Tuberculosis and the other specified illnesses attract 18 months, not 24, under Rule 32(2)(d).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 42,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements in relation to the quantum of leave salary payable to a Government servant :\\n1. A Government servant who proceeds on earned leave is entitled to leave salary equal to the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on earned leave.\\n2. A Government servant on half pay leave is entitled to leave salary equal to half the amount of pay drawn immediately before proceeding on half pay leave.\\n3. A Government servant on commuted leave is entitled to leave salary equal to the amount of pay drawn immediately before proceeding on commuted leave.\\n4. A Government servant on extra-ordinary leave is not entitled to any leave salary.\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 40<\/b> \u2014 '(1) a Government servant who proceeds on earned leave is entitled to leave salary equal to the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on earned leave'. Rule 40(1) - EL at full pay; Rule 40(3) - HPL and LND at half; Rule 40(4) - COMMUTED LEAVE AT THE FULL RATE admissible for earned leave; Rule 40(5) - no leave salary on extraordinary leave. Statement 3 is the one candidates most often mark wrong: commuted leave is paid at full pay, the cost being the double debit of HPL.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 43,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following are categorized as special kinds of leave under CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972?\\n1. Maternity Leave\\n2. Paternity Leave for Child Adoption\\n3. Child Care Leave\\n4. Leave Not Due\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Chapter V<\/b> \u2014 'Special kinds of leave other than study leave'. Chapter V is headed Special kinds of leave other than study leave and covers maternity leave, paternity leave, paternity leave for child adoption, child adoption leave, child care leave, WRIIL, seamen's sick leave, special leave connected to inquiry of sexual harassment, and departmental leave. LEAVE NOT DUE (Rule 31) sits in Chapter IV among the kinds of leave due and admissible, so statement 4 is wrong.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 44,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which kind of leave will be granted in the following cases to a Government servant?\\n1. Where staff is not able to attend office during civil disturbances, strikes, etc.\\n2. Training with P&T Units of the Territorial Army.\\n3. Donating Blood to recognized Blood Banks on a working day.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Casual leave\",\r\n      \"Special casual leave\",\r\n      \"Earned leave\",\r\n      \"Half pay leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 12.1<\/b> \u2014 'Government servants who donate blood on a working day may be granted special casual leave for that day'. Chapter XI of the Brochure covers inability to attend office because of bandh, civil disturbances, strikes, curfew or failure of transport; para 10.4 covers transit and training with Territorial Army and P&T units; and Chapter XII covers blood donation to a recognised blood bank on a working day (one day).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 45,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where no advance is drawn by a Government servant, he shall be required to prefer his LTC claim after completion of his return journey within\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"One month\",\r\n      \"Three months\",\r\n      \"Six months\",\r\n      \"One year\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 14<\/b> \u2014 'A claim for reimbursement of expenditure incurred on journey under LTC shall be submitted within three months after the completion of the return journey, if no advance had been drawn'. Rule 14 of the CCS (LTC) Rules, 1988; failure entails forfeiture of the claim. Where an advance HAS been drawn, the claim must be preferred within ONE MONTH of completion of the return journey, failing which the entire advance is recoverable in one lump sum. CURRENT RELAXATION: by OM No. 31011\/3\/2015-Estt.A-IV dated 21.12.2023, the Ministry or Department with the concurrence of its Financial Adviser may admit a no-advance claim within six months without reference to DoPT.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 46,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The amount of advance admissible to a Government servant in connection with Leave Travel Concession (LTC) is limited, in each case, to\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"100% of the estimated cost of journey both ways\",\r\n      \"90% of the estimated cost of journey both ways\",\r\n      \"80% of the estimated cost of journey both ways\",\r\n      \"75% of the estimated cost of journey both ways\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM dated 07.10.1997<\/b> \u2014 'It has also been decided to increase the amount of advance for availing LTC from 80% to 90% of estimated fare'. Rule 15(a) as raised to 90 per cent in 1997. Associated conditions worth memorising: the advance may be drawn for both journeys only if the leave or absence does not exceed 90 days; if that limit is exceeded after the advance is drawn for both, ONE HALF must be refunded forthwith; the whole advance is refundable if the outward journey does not commence within 30 days; and the outward tickets must be produced to the competent authority within 10 days of drawal.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 47,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Special Casual Leave is admissible to a Government servant for\\n1. Training and duty as a member of Home Guards.\\n2. Donating Blood at recognized Blood Banks on a working day.\\n3. Participation in the Republic Day Parade as a member of St. John Ambulance Brigade.\\n4. To exercise franchise during the elections of Panchayat\/Local bodies.\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 10.5<\/b> \u2014 'Government servants may be granted special casual leave while acting as members of officially sponsored auxiliary police organizations such as Home Guards, National Voluntary Corps, Prantiya Raksha Dal etc'. Training and duty as a member of Home Guards (para 10.5), blood donation on a working day (para 12.1) and participation in the Republic Day Parade and its rehearsals as a member of the St. John Ambulance Brigade (para 12.2.1) are all covered. Statement 4 is not: DoPT grants special casual leave for exercising the franchise only for elections and bye-elections to the LOK SABHA OR A STATE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (OM No. 12\/14\/99-JCA dated 10.10.2001), and where a general election is notified the offices simply remain closed. There is no corresponding Central instruction for Panchayat or local body elections.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 48,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"As a general rule, casual leave can be granted in combination with\\n1. Special casual leave\\n2. Regular leave\\n3. Both Special casual leave and Regular leave\\nWhich of the above is correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Explanation to Rule 11<\/b> \u2014 'Casual leave which is not recognized as leave under these rules shall not be combined with any other kind of leave admissible under these rules'. The Explanation to Rule 11 bars combination with regular leave. The further caution in para 2.7 is that where regular leave is granted in combination with special casual leave, casual leave should NOT also be granted in combination - never all three together.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 49,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An apprentice is entitled to get\\n1. Leave on Medical Certificate, on leave salary equivalent to half pay for a period not exceeding one month in any year of apprenticeship.\\n2. An extraordinary leave under Rule 32 of FRSR Part III.\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 33(3)<\/b> \u2014 'An apprentice shall be entitled to- (a) leave, on medical certificate, on leave salary equivalent to half pay for a period not exceeding one month in any year of apprenticeship; (b) extraordinary leave under Rule 32'. Rule 33(3): (a) leave on medical certificate on leave salary equivalent to half pay for a period not exceeding one month in any year of apprenticeship, and (b) extraordinary leave under Rule 32. The CCS (Leave) Rules are FR and SR Part III, so the reference in the question is to the same Rule 32.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 50,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"What is the correct order of eligibility of next of kins for the payment of cash equivalent of leave salary in case of the death of a married male Government servant?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Widow, eldest surviving son, eldest surviving unmarried daughter, father and mother\",\r\n      \"Father, widow, eldest surviving son, eldest surviving unmarried daughter and mother\",\r\n      \"Widow, eldest surviving son, father, eldest surviving unmarried daughter and mother\",\r\n      \"Mother, widow, eldest surviving son, eldest surviving unmarried daughter and father\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 39-C<\/b> \u2014 'to the widow, and if there are more widows than one, to the eldest surviving widow if the deceased was a male Government servant'. Rule 39-C. The full order is: widow (eldest surviving widow by date of marriage, if more than one) or husband; then eldest surviving son or adopted son; eldest surviving unmarried daughter; eldest surviving widowed daughter; father; mother; eldest surviving married daughter; eldest surviving brother below 18; eldest surviving unmarried sister; eldest surviving widowed sister; eldest child of the eldest pre-deceased son.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 51,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The day of death of an official who was on Earned Leave on Medical Certificate is to be treated as\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Special casual leave\",\r\n      \"A part of leave\",\r\n      \"A working day\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Dept. of Posts letter dated 24.08.1993<\/b> \u2014 'A medically unfit person cannot be treated as on duty. As such in the instant case, the day of death of the Government servant has to be treated as a part of leave which he was availing of on the day previous to the day of death'. Although Rule 5(2) of the CCS (Pension) Rules, 1972 says the date of death is to be treated as a working day, DoPT has clarified (Dept. of Posts letter No. 4-14\/93-Pen. dated 24.08.1993) that a person who is medically unfit cannot be treated as on duty; since he had not produced a fitness certificate, it cannot be presumed he would have reported for duty. Hence the day of death of an official on EOL or EL on medical certificate is treated as PART OF THE LEAVE.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 52,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An employee of any Central Government commercial\/industrial undertaking under the supervision of the Central Government is eligible for the leave travel concession, whether he is a direct recruit or is on deputation from a State Government, subject to the following conditions :\\n1. The Board of Directors or other competent authority of the Undertaking concerned has passed specific orders making the concession applicable to their employees.\\n2. The cost of the concession is met by the Undertaking\/Body concerned.\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC instruction on undertakings<\/b> \u2014 'the Board of Directors or other competent authority of the Undertaking concerned has passed specific orders making the concession applicable to their employees'. The concession is extended only where the Board of Directors or other competent authority of the undertaking has passed specific orders making it applicable, AND the cost is borne by the undertaking or body concerned - the Consolidated Fund is not charged.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 53,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Under which of the following conditions is the LTC facility allowed for an escort who accompanies a handicapped Government Servant on the journey?\\n1. The nature of physical disability of the Government servant is such as to necessitate an escort for the journey.\\n2. The physically handicapped Government servant does not have a younger family member.\\n3. Prior approval of the Head of the Department concerned is obtained on each occasion.\\n4. Any other person who is entitled to LTC does not accompany the handicapped Government servant on the journey.\\nSelect the correct answer by using the codes given below :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM dated 09.07.1991<\/b> \u2014 'The physically handicapped Government servant does not have an adult family member'. DoPT OM No. 31011\/4\/1991-Estt.(A) dated 09.07.1991 lays down: the nature of physical disability must necessitate an escort, and in case of doubt the decision of the HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT is final; prior approval of the Head of the Department on each occasion; the handicapped Government servant does not have an ADULT family member; the Government servant and escort avail any rail or bus concession available; and no other person entitled to LTC accompanies him. Statement 2 fails because the test is an adult family member, not a younger one.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 54,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which category of employees is debarred for LTC facility as they are entitled for 'Free Pass' facility?\\n1. Employees and spouses of employees of Indian Railways.\\n2. Employees and spouses of employees of National Airlines.\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 1(4)(g)<\/b> \u2014 'person eligible to any other form of travel concession available during leave or otherwise'. Railway servants are excluded by Rule 1(4)(d), and Rule 1(4)(g) excludes any person eligible for another form of travel concession available during leave or otherwise, which catches employees of the National Airlines and the spouses of both categories. RULE CHANGED: by OM No. 31011\/15\/2017-Estt.A-IV dated 27.03.2018, Railway employees may now avail All India LTC once in a block of four years under the CCS (LTC) Rules, subject to conditions, so the blanket exclusion no longer holds good.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 55,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statements is correct in the context of Central Civil Services (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988?\\nIf both husband and wife are Central Government servants\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"they cannot claim LTC for their respective families.\",\r\n      \"they cannot declare separate home towns independently.\",\r\n      \"they are treated as two independent Government servants.\",\r\n      \"the children can claim the concession as members of family of both the parents in a particular block.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM dated 08.05.1990<\/b> \u2014 'Where husband and wife both are Government servants, they could, at their option, choose to declare separate hometown and both of them may claim the concession separately'. Per DoPT OM No. 31011\/8\/89-Estt.(A) dated 08.05.1990, both spouses, if residing together, may claim the concession separately for their respective families; they MAY declare separate home towns; but the children can be claimed in a particular block as members of the family of ONLY ONE parent, and if one spouse avails the concession as a member of the other's family, he or she cannot claim it independently.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 56,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The Central Civil Services (LTC) Rules, 1988 shall apply to all persons, who are appointed\\n1. to Civil services and posts including civilian Government servants in the Defence Services in connection with the affairs of the Union.\\n2. under a State Government and who are on deputation with the Central Government.\\n3. on contract basis.\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 1(3)<\/b> \u2014 '(i) who are appointed to civil services and posts including civilian Government servants in the Defence Services in connection with the affairs of the Union; (ii) who are employed under a State Government and who are on deputation with the Central Government; (iii) who are appointed on contract basis'. Rule 1(3): (i) civil services and posts including civilian Government servants in the Defence Services; (ii) State Government employees on deputation with the Centre; (iii) persons appointed on contract; and (iv) persons re-employed after retirement. For categories (ii), (iii) and (iv) the concession is admissible only after one year's continuous service under the Central Government, with a certificate of likely continuance - two years for home town LTC and four years for all-India LTC.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 57,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The correct test to determine whether a place declared by a Government servant may be accepted as his home town or not may be determined by applying the criteria mentioned below :\\n1. Whether the place declared by Government Servant is one which requires his physical presence at intervals for discharging various domestic and social obligations.\\n2. Whether the Government Servant owns residential property in that place or whether he is a member of a joint family having such property there.\\n3. Whether his near relations are resident in that place.\\n4. Whether, prior to his entry into Government service, he had been living there for some years.\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 5(ii)<\/b> \u2014 'The current test to determine whether a place declared by a Government servant may be accepted as his home town or not is to check whether it is the place where the Government servant would normally reside but for his absence from such a station for service under Government'. The primary test is whether it is the place where the Government servant would normally reside but for his absence on Government service; the four criteria listed are the supplementary tests applied by the controlling officer. Remember that the home town once declared and accepted is final and can be changed ONLY ONCE in the entire service, with the approval of the Head of the Department.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 58,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of Gazetted Officers in the Central Government, the record of all assistance granted under LTC shall be maintained by\\n1. the Accounts Officer concerned.\\n2. the Authority responsible for maintenance of the service records.\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 7, Note 1(iv)<\/b> \u2014 'The authority responsible for the maintenance of the service record shall ensure that on every occasion a Government servant proceeds on leave which is entered in that record, the fact whether or not he availed of the travel assistance under these orders is indicated'. The two statements describe the same authority: for Gazetted Officers the Accounts Officer concerned is the authority responsible for maintenance of the service record, and the note to Rule 7 requires that authority to record, on every occasion leave is entered, whether or not travel assistance was availed.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 59,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following guidelines on Air Travel on LTC are required to be followed by the Central Government employees?\\n1. Travel by Air India only\\n2. In Economy class only, irrespective of entitlement\\n3. LTC-80 ticket of Air India only to be purchased\\n4. Air ticket may be purchased directly from Airlines or by utilizing the services of authorized travel agents\\nSelect the correct answer by using the codes given below :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM dated 09.07.2013<\/b> \u2014 'Government employees entitled to travel by air are required to travel by Air India only in Economy Class at LTC-80 fare or less'. At that time the rule was: by AIR INDIA ONLY, in ECONOMY CLASS ONLY irrespective of entitlement, on the LTC-80 fare, with tickets bought either directly from the airline or through the authorised travel agents. RULE CHANGED (important): since OM No. 31011\/12\/2022-Estt.(A-IV) dated 29.08.2022 air tickets must be purchased from one of the three Authorised Travel Agents - Balmer Lawrie, Ashok Travels and Tours, and IRCTC - and direct booking from the airline is no longer the norm. Following Air India's disinvestment the requirement is now to choose the flight with the BEST AVAILABLE FARE rather than an Air India LTC-80 ticket. And employees NOT entitled to air travel are no longer required to book through the ATAs (OM dated 10.08.2023), except under the Special Dispensation Scheme for NER, J&K, Ladakh and A&N.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 60,\r\n    \"year\": \"2016-17\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following is not correct in the context of Casual leave?\\n1. Casual leave is one of the recognized forms of leave\\n2. Casual leave is not subject to any rule\\n3. Technically a government servant on casual leave is not treated as absent from duty\\n4. Sundays and holidays falling during the period of casual leave will be treated as part of leave\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.4<\/b> \u2014 'Public holidays and weekly offs falling within a period of casual leave should not be counted as part of the casual leave'. Statement 1 is wrong because casual leave is NOT a recognised form of leave. Statement 4 is wrong because, under para 5 of DoPT OM No. 28016\/3\/98-Estt.(A) dated 15.06.1998, Sundays, public holidays and weekly offs FALLING WITHIN a period of casual leave are not counted as part of it, though they may be prefixed or suffixed. Statements 2 and 3 are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 61,\r\n    \"year\": \"2016-17\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Special casual leave may be granted to a government servant by competent authority for which of the following purposes?\\n1. Donating blood to recognized blood banks on a working day\\n2. Appearing for departmental promotion examinations\\n3. Transit time for joining training in Territorial Army\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, Chapter VIII<\/b> \u2014 'Government servants may be granted special casual leave for appearing in Departmental Promotion Examination, which are neither obligatory nor entail a condition of preferment in Government service'. Blood donation on a working day (para 12.1); appearing in departmental PROMOTION examinations that are neither obligatory nor a condition of preferment, plus minimum journey time (Chapter VIII - but note this does NOT extend to open competitive examinations of UPSC or SSC for direct recruitment); and transit time from relief from the civil post to reporting to military authorities for Territorial Army training and back (para 10.4).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 62,\r\n    \"year\": \"2016-17\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"No Government servant in normal circumstances shall be granted leave of any kind for a continuous period exceeding :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 year\",\r\n      \"2 years\",\r\n      \"3 years\",\r\n      \"5 years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 12(1)<\/b> \u2014 'No Government servant shall be granted leave of any kind for a continuous period exceeding five years'. Rule 12(1).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 63,\r\n    \"year\": \"2016-17\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Extraordinary leave may be granted to a Government servant in which of the following special circumstances?\\n1. When no other leave is admissible\\n2. When other leave is admissible, but the Government servant applies in writing for the grant of extraordinary leave\\n3. For treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in recognized sanatorium\\n4. For treatment of cancer or for mental illness in an institution recognized for the treatment of such disease\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 32(1)<\/b> \u2014 'Extraordinary leave may be granted to a Government servant (other than a military officer) in special circumstances- (a) when no other leave is admissible: (b) when other leave is admissible, but the Government servant applies in writing for the grant of extraordinary leave'. Rule 32(1)(a) and (b) cover the first two; Rule 32(2)(d)(i) and (iv) cover treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in a recognised sanatorium and cancer or mental illness in a recognised institution. Note that the sub-rule (2) ceilings bite only on Government servants NOT in permanent or quasi-permanent employ.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 64,\r\n    \"year\": \"2016-17\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A day can be marked as dies non by leave sanctioning authority for an official :\\n1. If he performs duty for a part of the day and leaves the office early without proper permission\\n2. When he refuses to perform duty assigned to him while he is on duty in office\\n3. When he comes late to the office\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.12<\/b> \u2014 'a Government servant, leaves office early before the time for closing of office without permission, half-a-day's casual leave should be debited to his casual leave account for each such early departure from office'. Performing duty for part of the day and leaving early without permission, and refusing to perform assigned duty while in office, both justify dies non. Coming late while working through the day does not.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 65,\r\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding Casual Leave :\\n1. Casual leave is not a recognized form of leave.\\n2. It is not subject to any rule.\\n3. Technically a Government servant on casual leave is treated as absent from duty.\\n4. The maximum period of casual leave which a Government servant is allowed to avail himself of is 08 days in a calendar year.\\nWhich of the statement(s) given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM dated 15.06.1998<\/b> \u2014 'the entitlement of 8 days casual leave in a calendar year is subject to the condition that not more than 5 days casual leave may be allowed at any one time'. Statement 3 is the odd one out: a Government servant on casual leave is NOT treated as absent from duty and his pay is not intermitted. Statement 4 is correct - since 01.01.1998 the entitlement is 8 days in a calendar year (reduced from 12 on the Fifth CPC's recommendation), subject to not more than 5 days at any one time, relaxable by the Head of Office. Operating and maintenance staff who had 15 days get 10 days.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 66,\r\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant while on Earned Leave on medical grounds expires. His day of death for the purpose of terminal benefits will be treated :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"As a working day\",\r\n      \"As a part of leave\",\r\n      \"As dies non\",\r\n      \"As absent from duty\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Dept. of Posts letter dated 24.08.1993<\/b> \u2014 'the day of death of the Government servant has to be treated as a part of leave which he was availing of on the day previous to the day of death'. Same reasoning as 2015 Q56: a medically unfit person cannot be treated as on duty, so the day of death of an official on EL on medical grounds is treated as part of the leave, notwithstanding Rule 5(2) of the CCS (Pension) Rules.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 67,\r\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In which of the following cases can a Government servant be marked as dies non?\\n1. Absence from duty without prior permission\\n2. When on duty in office, the Government servant leaves the office without proper permission\\n3. The official remains in office but refuses to perform duties assigned to him\\n4. When an official comes late even though he works throughout the day during office hours\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.12<\/b> \u2014 'Half-a-day's casual leave should be debited to the casual leave account of a Government servant for each late attendance'. Statement 4 is excluded: an official who comes late but works throughout the day during office hours cannot be marked dies non.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 68,\r\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"What is the maximum limit up to which Half Pay Leave (HPL) may be allowed to be commuted during the entire service (without production of medical certificate) where such leave is utilized for an approved course of study certified to be in the public interest by the leave sanctioning authority?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"30 days\",\r\n      \"60 days\",\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 30(1-A)<\/b> \u2014 'Half pay leave up to a maximum of 180 days may be allowed to be commuted during the entire service (without production of medical certificate) where such leave is utilized for an approved course of study'. Rule 30(1-A): half pay leave up to a maximum of 180 days may be commuted during the entire service without a medical certificate where the leave is used for an approved course of study certified to be in the public interest by the leave sanctioning authority.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 69,\r\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"During Work Related Illness and Injury Leave (WRIL) beyond hospitalization, personnel below the rank of officer of the Central Armed Police Forces will be entitled to full pay and allowances for a period of :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"30 months\",\r\n      \"24 months\",\r\n      \"6 months\",\r\n      \"No limit regarding the period\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 44(2)(c)<\/b> \u2014 'For personnel below the rank of officer of the Central Armed Police Forces - full pay and allowances, with no limit regarding period'. Rule 44(2)(c), inserted w.e.f. 11.12.2018: full pay and allowances with NO LIMIT as to period. Contrast the other two slabs in the same sub-rule - a civilian Government servant gets full pay for 6 months and half pay for 12 months thereafter, while OFFICERS of the CAPFs get full pay and allowances for 6 months and full pay only for the next 24 months.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 70,\r\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The maximum amount of study leave, which may be granted to a Government servant, other than Central Health Service Officers, during his entire service is limited to :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"12 months\",\r\n      \"24 months\",\r\n      \"36 months\",\r\n      \"48 months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 51(1)<\/b> \u2014 '(a) ordinarily twelve months at any one time, and (b) during his entire service, twenty-four months in all (inclusive of similar kind of leave for study or training granted under any other rules)'. Rule 51(1): ordinarily 12 months at any one time, and 24 months in all during the entire service, inclusive of similar leave for study or training under any other rules. For Central Health Service Officers, Rule 51(2) allows 36 months for a postgraduate qualification, against a five-year bond.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 71,\r\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding entitlement for leave encashment of a Government servant retiring on attaining the normal age prescribed for retirement :\\n1. The overall limit for encashment of leave including both earned leave and half pay leave shall not exceed 300 days.\\n2. To make up the shortfall in earned leave, commutation of half pay leave shall also be permissible.\\n3. The cash equivalent of leave salary shall be payable in one lump sum as a one time settlement.\\nWhich of the statement(s) given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 39(2)(c)<\/b> \u2014 'To make up the shortfall in earned leave, no commutation of half pay leave shall be permissible'. Statement 2 is expressly negatived by Rule 39(2)(c): to make up the shortfall in earned leave, NO commutation of half pay leave shall be permissible. RULE CHANGED: until DoPT Notification No. 11012\/1\/2009-Estt.(L) dated 01.12.2009 implementing the Sixth CPC, HPL COULD be commuted to make up a shortfall in EL. That Notification instead made both EL and HPL separately encashable subject to an overall ceiling of 300 days and simultaneously prohibited commutation.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 72,\r\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Special Casual Leave admissible to a male Central Government employee for undergoing Vasectomy operation under the Family Welfare Programme for the first time is to the extent of not exceeding :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"2 working days\",\r\n      \"3 working days\",\r\n      \"6 working days\",\r\n      \"10 working days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 4.1<\/b> \u2014 'Vasectomy 6 working days'. OPTION AMENDED: as printed, option (c) read 5 working days and NO option carried the correct figure. Para 4.1 of the DoPT Brochure fixes 6 WORKING DAYS for vasectomy, and a further 6 working days for a second vasectomy on a certificate that the first operation failed. Option (c) has been corrected accordingly. Post-vasectomy complications attract up to 7 days more under para 4.2.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 73,\r\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988 :\\n1. Industrial and work-charged staff who are entitled to regular leave are eligible for Leave Travel Concession (LTC) in the same manner as other Central Government servants.\\n2. Officers appointed on contract basis even for more than one year are not eligible for LTC.\\n3. If both husband and wife are Central Government servants, they can declare separate home towns independently.\\n4. In the event of the return journey falling in the succeeding calendar year, the concession shall be counted against the year in which the outward journey commenced.\\nWhich of the statement(s) given above is\/are not correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 1(3)(iii)<\/b> \u2014 'who are appointed on contract basis'. Statement 2 is wrong: officers appointed on CONTRACT BASIS ARE ELIGIBLE for LTC under Rule 1(3)(iii), and where an initial one-year contract is extended, the TOTAL duration of the contract is reckoned. Statement 1 is correct (industrial and work-charged staff entitled to regular leave are eligible in the same manner); statement 3 is correct (spouses who are both Government servants may declare separate home towns); statement 4 is correct (Rule 9 - the concession is counted against the block in which the OUTWARD journey commenced).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 74,\r\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"What is the maximum relaxation in terms of time limit that can be given by an administrative Ministry\/Department with the concurrence of its Financial Advisor for admittance of Leave Travel Concession (LTC) claims where NO advance is drawn?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Three months after the completion of return journey\",\r\n      \"Six months after the completion of return journey\",\r\n      \"Six months from the date of outward journey\",\r\n      \"One year after the completion of return journey\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 14<\/b> \u2014 'the Ministry\/Department concerned with the concurrence of Financial Advisor can admit the claims within six months, if no advance has been drawn without reference to DoP&T'. Rule 14 read with OM No. 31011\/3\/2015-Estt.A-IV dated 21.12.2023. The normal limit is three months; six months is the outer relaxation available with the Financial Adviser's concurrence and without a reference to DoPT.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 75,\r\n    \"year\": \"2019-20\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the event of death of a Government servant, what would be the order of preference in the case of the following surviving members of his family for the purpose of payment of cash equivalent of leave salary?\\n1. Father\\n2. Mother\\n3. Eldest son\\n4. Eldest unmarried daughter\\n5. Eldest widowed daughter\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"3, 4, 5, 1, 2\",\r\n      \"1, 3, 2, 4, 5\",\r\n      \"2, 1, 3, 5, 4\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3, 4, 5\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 39-C<\/b> \u2014 '(iii) failing (i) and (ii) above, to the eldest surviving unmarried daughter; (iv) failing (i) to (iii) above, to the eldest surviving widowed daughter; (v) failing (i) to (iv) above, to the father; (vi) failing (i) to (v) above, to the mother'. Rule 39-C prescribes: widow or husband first, then eldest surviving son, eldest surviving unmarried daughter, eldest surviving widowed daughter, father, and mother. Of the five listed, the order is therefore 3, 4, 5, 1, 2.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 76,\r\n    \"year\": \"2019-20\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statements in the context of the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972 are not correct?\\n1. The leave granted as leave preparatory to retirement may include extraordinary leave.\\n2. For the purpose of encashment of leave, the shortfall in Earned Leave may be made up by commutation of Half Pay Leave.\\n3. The overall limit for encashment of leave including both Earned Leave and Half Pay Leave shall not exceed 300 days.\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Note to Rule 38(1)<\/b> \u2014 'The leave granted as leave preparatory to retirement shall not include extraordinary leave'. Statement 1 is wrong: the Note under Rule 38(1) says the leave granted as leave preparatory to retirement shall NOT include extraordinary leave. Statement 2 is wrong because Rule 39(2)(c) bars commutation of HPL to make up a shortfall in EL. Statement 3 correctly states the 300-day overall ceiling.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 77,\r\n    \"year\": \"2019-20\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding Half Pay Leave (HPL) under the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972 :\\n1. HPL shall be granted on medical certificate only.\\n2. While affording credit of HPL, fraction of a day shall be ignored.\\n3. HPL shall be credited to the leave account of a Government servant at the rate of 5\/3 days for each completed calendar month of service, which he is likely to render in the half year of the calendar year in which he is appointed.\\nWhich of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 29(2)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'The leave shall be credited to the said leave account at the rate of 5\/3 days for each completed calendar month of service which he is likely to render in the half-year of the calendar year in which he is appointed'. Statement 1 is wrong: Rule 29(4) allows HPL on medical certificate OR ON PRIVATE AFFAIRS. Statement 2 is wrong: Rule 29(5) requires the fraction of a day to be ROUNDED OFF TO THE NEAREST DAY, not ignored, and the same applies to EL under Rule 27(4). Statement 3 correctly reproduces Rule 29(2)(a).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 78,\r\n    \"year\": \"2019-20\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In terms of the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972, leave should not ordinarily be denied during\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"first 5 years of service\",\r\n      \"entire service of a Government servant\",\r\n      \"last 10 years of service\",\r\n      \"last 15 years of service\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 7(2)<\/b> \u2014 'When the exigencies of public service so require, leave of any kind may be refused or revoked by the authority competent to grant it'. This reflects the Government's instruction that officers approaching retirement should be encouraged to avail leave regularly rather than accumulate it, and it sits alongside Rule 7(2), under which leave may be refused only where the exigencies of public service so require.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 79,\r\n    \"year\": \"2019-20\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statements in the context of the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972 is\/are correct?\\n1. Commuted Leave may be granted up to 60 days without medical certificate to a female Government servant having less than two surviving children on adoption of a child.\\n2. Medical certificate shall not be necessary for Commuted Leave in continuation of Maternity Leave.\\n3. Leave Not Due shall be debited either against the Half Pay Leave or the Earned Leave the Government servant may earn subsequently.\\n4. Child Adoption Leave shall be debited against the Earned Leave account.\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-B(3)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'including leave not due and commuted leave not exceeding 60 days without production of medical certificate'. Statement 1 is Rule 43-B(3)(b) - commuted leave up to 60 days without a medical certificate in continuation of child adoption leave. Statement 2 is Rule 43(4)(b). Statement 3 is wrong: Rule 31(1)(c) debits LND against HALF PAY LEAVE ONLY. Statement 4 is wrong: Rule 43-B(4) says child adoption leave shall NOT be debited against the leave account.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 80,\r\n    \"year\": \"2019-20\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding LTC advance :\\n1. The amount of LTC advance in each case will be limited to 90% of the estimated amount, which the Government would have to reimburse in respect of cost of journey both ways.\\n2. If the period of leave taken by the Government servant exceeds 90 days after the advance had already been drawn for outward and return journey, advance in full has to be refunded to the Government forthwith.\\n3. Advances to temporary Government servants are sanctioned subject to production of surety of a permanent Government servant.\\n4. LTC claims should invariably be preferred within one month of the completion of the return journey irrespective of the fact whether an advance was drawn or not.\\nWhich of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 15(d)<\/b> \u2014 'If the limit of 3 months or ninety days is exceeded after the advance had already been drawn for both the journeys, one half of the advance should be refunded to the Government forthwith'. Statement 2 is wrong: where the leave exceeds 90 days after the advance has been drawn for both journeys, ONE HALF of the advance is to be refunded forthwith, not the whole of it. Statement 4 is wrong: one month applies only where an advance was drawn; where none was drawn the limit is three months. Statement 3 is the standard condition for advances to temporary Government servants - surety of a permanent Government servant.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 81,\r\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Special Casual Leave can be granted to Government servants for which of the following purpose(s)?\\n1. Attending coaching camps under the Rajkumari Amrit Kaur Coaching Scheme\\n2. Training with P&T Units of the Territorial Army\\n3. Training as a member of St. John Ambulance Brigade\\n4. Donating blood to recognized blood banks on a working day\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 5.5<\/b> \u2014 'Government servants, who attend coaching or training camps in the following institutions, can be granted special casual leave not exceeding 30 days in a calendar year'. Coaching camps under the Rajkumari Amrit Kaur Coaching Scheme (para 5.5, up to 30 days a year); training with P&T units of the Territorial Army (para 10.4); duties as a member of the St. John Ambulance Brigade (para 12.2, up to 3 days a year); and blood donation on a working day (para 12.1, one day). Remember the overall cap of 30 days in a calendar year for all sporting purposes taken together (para 5.9).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 82,\r\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements in the context of a leave sanctioning authority in a Central Government Department marking an employee 'dies non':\\n1. An official can be marked 'dies non' even if he\/she performs duty for a part of the day but leaves office before closing hours without proper permission\\n2. When the official remains absent from duty without prior information he\/she can be marked 'dies non'\\n3. An official who has come late but has worked throughout the day during office hours can be marked 'dies non'\\n4. Marking of a day as 'dies non' will be construed as break in service\\nWhich of the statement(s) given above is\/are not correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"3 and 4 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>FR 17-A<\/b> \u2014 'remaining absent without any authority or deserting the post, shall be deemed to cause an interruption or break in the service of the employee, unless otherwise decided by the competent authority'. Statement 3 is wrong: an official who comes late but works throughout the day cannot be marked dies non. Statement 4 is wrong because a period treated as dies non is NOT construed as a break in service - it simply does not count as service.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 83,\r\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following statements regarding Half Pay Leave (HPL) is not correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Production of medical certificate is mandatory for availing HPL\",\r\n      \"While affording credit of half pay leave, fraction of a day shall be rounded off to the nearest day\",\r\n      \"It can be granted on private affairs\",\r\n      \"The credit for the half year in which a Government servant is due to retire or resigns from the service shall be allowed at the rate of 5\/3 days per completed calendar month up to the date of retirement or resignation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 29(4)<\/b> \u2014 'The leave under this rule may be granted on medical certificate or on private affairs'. Rule 29(4) permits HPL on medical certificate OR on private affairs, so option (a) is the incorrect statement. Options (b), (c) and (d) correctly state Rule 29(5), Rule 29(4) and Rule 29(2)(b) respectively.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 84,\r\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"What is the maximum earned leave that can be granted at a time to a Government Servant who is employed in India?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"270 days\",\r\n      \"300 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 26(2)(i)<\/b> \u2014 '180 days in the case of any Government servant employed in India'. Rule 26(2)(i). Do not confuse this with the ACCUMULATION ceiling of 300 days under Rule 26(1)(b). Under Rule 26(3), a Group A or B officer may be granted up to 300 days at a time if the leave beyond 180 days is spent OUTSIDE India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Pakistan.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 85,\r\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"What is the maximum amount of Leave Not Due that can be granted on medical certificate to a Government servant in permanent employment during his\/her entire service?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"360 days\",\r\n      \"120 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 31(1)<\/b> \u2014 'limited to a maximum of 360 days during the entire service on medical certificate'. Rule 31(1). The same 360-day ceiling applies under Rule 31(1-A) to temporary Government servants suffering from TB, leprosy, cancer or mental illness who have one year's service.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 86,\r\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding Child Care Leave (CCL):\\n1. It can be combined with leave of any other kind\\n2. It may not be granted for a period less than 15 days at a time\\n3. It shall not be granted to a single female Government servant for more than 3 spells in a calendar year\\n4. It shall not be debited against the leave account\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-C(3)(ii)<\/b> \u2014 'in case of a single female Government servant, the grant of leave in three spells in a calendar year shall be extended to six spells in a calendar year'. Statement 1 is Rule 43-C(5) and statement 4 is Rule 43-C(7). RULE CHANGED (statement 2): the minimum spell of 15 days was the position until DoPT Notification No. 11020\/01\/2017-Estt.(L) dated 11.12.2018 reduced it to 5 DAYS, so statement 2 is wrong on the law applicable to this paper. Statement 3 is wrong for a different reason: while CCL is ordinarily limited to three spells in a calendar year, Rule 43-C(3)(ii) extends this to SIX SPELLS for a SINGLE female Government servant, and by DoPT OM dated 29.07.2024 sanctioning authorities may relax up to three further spells where the child is hospitalised as an inpatient.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 87,\r\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Mr. 'X' is appointed in a Central Government department on contract basis for a period of 5 years, after his retirement from that department. At the time of his superannuation he had availed leave encashment of 260 days. On termination of his contractual employment of 5 years, he shall be entitled to encash earned leave up to a maximum period of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"40 days\",\r\n      \"50 days\",\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"150 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 39(6)(a)(iii)<\/b> \u2014 'subject to a maximum of 300 days including the period for which encashment was allowed at the time of retirement'. Rule 39(6)(a)(iii): on termination of re-employment, cash equivalent of EL and HPL at credit is payable subject to a maximum of 300 days INCLUDING the period for which encashment was allowed at the time of retirement. 300 minus 260 = 40. Both routes give the same figure, which is a useful check: treating him as a contract officer instead, the slab in OM dated 12.07.1999 for more than 2 up to 5 years gives 50 days, but para 2 of that OM independently caps the total at 300 days INCLUDING encashment allowed in previous Government appointments, so the binding limit is again 40 days. Option (b) offers the bare 50-day slab figure precisely to catch candidates who ignore the 300-day cap.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 88,\r\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding Leave Travel Concession (LTC) entitlements of fresh recruits:\\n1. They are allowed to travel to their home town along with their families on three occasions in a block of four years and to any place in India on the fourth occasion\\n2. This facility of travel to home town thrice and to any place in India once in a block of four years is available only for the first two blocks of four years applicable after joining the Government for the first time\\n3. The existing blocks and entitlements are the same for the fresh recruits and other Government employees\\n4. The blocks of 4 years shall apply with reference to the initial date of joining the Government even though the employee changes the job within the Government subsequently\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC OM dated 23.09.2008<\/b> \u2014 'Fresh recruits to Central Government allowed to travel to their home town along with their families on three occasions in a block of four years and to any place in India on the fourth occasion'. Statement 3 is wrong: the whole point of the fresh-recruit dispensation (DoPT OM No. 31011\/4\/2008-Estt.(A) dated 23.09.2008) is that the blocks and entitlements are DIFFERENT - home town on three occasions and any place in India on the fourth, in each four-year block, for the first two blocks after joining Government for the first time, counted from the initial date of joining even if the employee later changes jobs within Government.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 89,\r\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding admissibility of Leave Travel Concession (LTC) facility to an escort accompanying single handicapped Government servant:\\n1. Prior approval of the Head of the department concerned is obtained on each occasion\\n2. The nature of physical disability of the Government servant is such as to necessitate an escort for the journey. In case of doubt, the decision of the Chief Medical Officer will be final\\n3. The physically handicapped Government servant does not have an adult family member\\n4. Any other person who is entitled to LTC does not accompany the handicapped Government servant on the journey\\nWhich of the statement(s) given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM dated 09.07.1991<\/b> \u2014 'In case of doubt, the decision of the Head of the Department will be final'. Statement 2 fails on a single word: under OM dated 09.07.1991, in case of doubt about whether the disability necessitates an escort, the decision of the HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT is final, not the Chief Medical Officer. Statements 1, 3 and 4 reproduce the other conditions correctly.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 90,\r\n    \"year\": \"2023\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The maximum continuous period of leave of any kind that can be granted to a Government servant, unless the President, in view of the exceptional circumstances of the case otherwise determines, is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"One year\",\r\n      \"Six months\",\r\n      \"Three years\",\r\n      \"Five years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 12(1)<\/b> \u2014 'No Government servant shall be granted leave of any kind for a continuous period exceeding five years'. Rule 12: no Government servant shall be granted leave of any kind for a continuous period exceeding five years, and only the President may otherwise determine in view of exceptional circumstances.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 91,\r\n    \"year\": \"2023\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Leave up to what period can be granted to an aggrieved female government servant on the recommendation of the Internal Committee during the pendency of inquiry under the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"30 days\",\r\n      \"60 days\",\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"120 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 48<\/b> \u2014 'Leave up to a period of 90 days may be granted to an aggrieved female Government servant on the recommendation of the Internal Committee or the Local Committee, as the case maybe, during the pendency of inquiry'. Rule 48, inserted by DoPT Notification No. 13026\/2\/2016-Estt.(L) dated 15.03.2017, on the recommendation of the Internal Committee or Local Committee under the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013. This leave is NOT debited against the leave account.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 92,\r\n    \"year\": \"2023\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who has taken leave on medical certificate may not return to duty until he has produced a medical certificate of fitness in:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Form 3A\",\r\n      \"Form 4\",\r\n      \"Form 5\",\r\n      \"Form 7\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 24(3)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'A Government servant who has taken leave on medical certificate may not return to duty until he has produced a medical certificate of fitness in Form 5'. Rule 24(3)(a). Keep the forms straight: Form 1 application for leave; Form 2 leave account; Form 3 medical certificate for a Gazetted officer; Form 3-A certificate of disability; Form 4 medical certificate for a non-Gazetted officer; FORM 5 FITNESS CERTIFICATE; Form 6 bond for EOL for studies; Forms 7 to 10 study leave bonds.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 93,\r\n    \"year\": \"2023\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The decision taken by the Government that both Earned Leave and Half Pay Leave shall be considered for encashment of leave subject to overall limit of 300 days is based on the recommendations of which one of the following Central Pay Commissions (CPC)?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"4th CPC\",\r\n      \"5th CPC\",\r\n      \"6th CPC\",\r\n      \"7th CPC\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Note to Rule 39(2)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'The overall limit for encashment of leave including both earned leave and half pay leave shall not exceed 300 days'. Given effect by DoPT Notification No. 11012\/1\/2009-Estt.(L) dated 01.12.2009, which recast Rule 39(2) and inserted the Note prescribing the 300-day overall ceiling while barring commutation of HPL to make up a shortfall in EL.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 94,\r\n    \"year\": \"2023\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements in the context of recall to duty of a Government servant before expiry of leave outside India:\\n1. The time spent by the Government servant on the voyage to India shall be treated as duty for the purpose of calculating leave\\n2. He shall receive leave salary during the voyage to India\\n3. He shall also receive salary for the period from the date of landing in India to the date of joining his post\\n4. He shall receive refund of his passage from India, irrespective of the quantum of leave left to be completed by the date of leaving for India on recall\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 23(3)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'to count the time spent on the voyage to India as duty for purposes of calculating leave, and to receive- (i) leave salary, during the voyage to India and for the period from the date of landing in India to the date of joining his post'. Rule 23(3)(b). Statement 4 is wrong because the refund of passage from India is admissible only if the Government servant HAS NOT COMPLETED HALF the period of his leave by the date of leaving for India on recall, OR THREE MONTHS, WHICHEVER IS SHORTER - not irrespective of the quantum of leave left. Note that recall is treated as compulsory in all cases, and the voyage time counts as duty for the purpose of calculating leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 95,\r\n    \"year\": \"2023\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statements regarding grant of Special Casual Leave to a Government servant for donating his\/her organ to another human being based on recommendation of Government registered medical practitioner\/doctor are correct?\\n1. Special Casual Leave up to a maximum of 30 days shall be admissible\\n2. Special Casual Leave up to a maximum of 42 days shall be admissible\\n3. Flexibility or splitting of leave shall not be permitted\\n4. The maximum admissible duration of Special Casual Leave shall be determined with reference to the type of surgery for removal of donor's organ\\n5. As far as possible, treatment in connection with organ donation shall be done from any Government Hospital or CGHS empanelled Hospital\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 4 and 5 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 5 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3, 4 and 5\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM of April 2023<\/b> \u2014 'Irrespective of the type of surgery for removal of donor's organ, the duration of special casual leave will be a maximum of 42 days as per the recommendation of government registered medical practitioner'. The DoPT OM of April 2023 grants a maximum of 42 DAYS, so statement 2 is right and statement 1's 30 days was the earlier Appendix-III ceiling. Statement 3 is the reverse of the OM - flexibility or splitting of leave MAY be permitted on the recommendation of the treating government-registered medical practitioner. Statement 4 is also the reverse - the duration is 42 days IRRESPECTIVE of the type of surgery. Statement 5 is correct. The leave normally runs in one stretch from the day of admission, may begin up to one week before surgery, and cannot be combined with any other leave except for post-operative complications on medical recommendation.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 96,\r\n    \"year\": \"2023\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statements regarding admissibility of Leave Travel Concession (LTC) is\/are correct?\\n1. Fresh recruits to Central Government are allowed to travel to their home town along with their families on three occasions in a block of four years and to any place in India on the fourth occasion\\n2. A Government servant under suspension is also entitled to avail himself of the LTC along with his family members\\n3. Within the same block, when one and the same LTC is being availed of by the Government servant and his family members separately, encashment of leave would be admissible on both the occasions\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 7, Note 17<\/b> \u2014 'Suspended Government servant can not avail LTC, however, his family members are entitled'. Statement 2 is wrong: a Government servant UNDER SUSPENSION CANNOT avail LTC, though his family members remain entitled. Statement 3 is wrong: per DoPT OM No. 14028\/2\/2012-Estt.(L) dated 09.02.2015, where one and the same LTC is availed by the Government servant and his family members separately in a block year, leave encashment is restricted to ONE OCCASION only.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 97,\r\n    \"year\": \"2023\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 16 TO 19: FRAUDULENT CLAIMS, INTERPRETATION AND RELAXATION\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Whose concurrence shall be required to dispense with or relax the requirement of any of the Leave Travel Concession Rules when operation of any of these rules causes undue hardship in any particular case?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"Department of Personnel and Training\",\r\n      \"Secretary of the Ministry\/Department Concerned\",\r\n      \"Administrative Secretary with the concurrence of the Financial Advisor concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to LTC Rule 18<\/b> \u2014 'no such order shall be made except with the concurrence of the Department of Personnel and Training'. Proviso to Rule 18 of the CCS (LTC) Rules, 1988. Contrast Rule 65 of the CCS (Leave) Rules, where the concurrence is that of the MINISTRY of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. Similarly, doubts on interpretation go to DoPT under LTC Rule 17, but to the Ministry of Personnel, PG and Pensions under Leave Rule 64.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 98,\r\n    \"year\": \"2024\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"What is the maximum quantum of Special Casual Leave that can be granted to Central Government servants in any one calendar year for participating in Inter-Ministerial and Inter-Departmental tournaments and sports events held in and outside Delhi?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"10 days\",\r\n      \"15 days\",\r\n      \"21 days\",\r\n      \"30 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 5.7<\/b> \u2014 'Government servants, who participate in inter-ministerial and interdepartmental Tournaments and sporting events held in and outside Delhi may be granted special casual leave not exceeding 10 days in a calendar year'. Para 5.7 of the Brochure read with para 2 of OM No. 6\/1\/85-Estt.(Pay-I) dated 16.07.1985, provided the event is duly recognised by Government and is normally limited to tournaments sponsored by the Central Secretariat Staff Welfare and Amenities Committee or recognised sports and recreation clubs of Government servants. The 30-day figure in option (d) is the ceiling for NATIONAL or INTERNATIONAL level sporting purposes such as coaching camps, commentary, trekking and cultural activities, and 30 days is also the overall annual cap across all sporting purposes taken together.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 99,\r\n    \"year\": \"2024\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following statements in the context of CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972 is not correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Casual leave can be combined with all kinds of leave.\",\r\n      \"Leave Travel Concession can be availed during casual leave.\",\r\n      \"Casual leave can be taken for half day also.\",\r\n      \"Casual leave should not normally be granted for more than 5 days at any one time.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Explanation to Rule 11<\/b> \u2014 'Casual leave which is not recognized as leave under these rules shall not be combined with any other kind of leave admissible under these rules'. Casual leave cannot be combined with any leave recognised under the Leave Rules (Explanation to Rule 11); only with special casual leave. Options (b), (c) and (d) are correct: LTC may be availed during casual leave (Rule 7(2) of the LTC Rules and para 3.5 of the Brochure); half a day's casual leave may be taken, the lunch interval being the dividing line (para 2.10); and not more than 5 days should normally be granted at a time (OM dated 15.06.1998). Note on option (d): the 5-days-at-a-time limit dates from 01.01.1998; before that the entitlement was 12 days a year with a limit of 8 days at any one time.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 100,\r\n    \"year\": \"2024\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The quantum of paternity leave admissible to a male Government servant with less than two surviving children during the confinement of his wife for childbirth is up to :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"10 days\",\r\n      \"15 days\",\r\n      \"20 days\",\r\n      \"25 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-A(1)<\/b> \u2014 'A male Government servant (including an apprentice) with less than two surviving children, may be granted Paternity Leave by an authority competent to grant leave for a period of 15 days'. Rule 43-A: 15 days, availed from up to 15 days before to up to 6 months from the date of delivery, on full pay, not debited to the leave account, combinable with leave of any other kind, and lapsing if not availed within the period. The same 15 days applies to paternity leave for child adoption under Rule 43-AA and, since the amendment of 18.06.2024, to a commissioning father in a surrogacy case.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 101,\r\n    \"year\": \"2024\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant on commuted leave is entitled to leave salary equal to :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"100% of Half Pay Leave (HPL)\",\r\n      \"50% of HPL\",\r\n      \"25% of HPL\",\r\n      \"As in the case of Earned Leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 40(4)<\/b> \u2014 'A Government servant on commuted leave is entitled to leave salary equal to the amount admissible under sub-rule (1)'. Rule 40(4): a Government servant on commuted leave is entitled to leave salary equal to the amount admissible under Rule 40(1), i.e. the same as for earned leave. The consideration for full pay is the double debit of HPL under Rule 30(1)(d).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 102,\r\n    \"year\": \"2024\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statement(s) regarding grant of Child Adoption Leave to a female Government servant is\/are correct?\\n1. A female Government servant with fewer than two surviving children, on valid adoption of a child below the age of one year may be granted Child Adoption Leave for a period of 180 days immediately after the date of valid adoption.\\n2. Child Adoption Leave cannot be combined with leave of any other kind.\\n3. During the period of Child Adoption Leave, she shall be paid leave salary equal to the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on leave.\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-B(3)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'Child adoption leave may be combined with leave of any other kind'. Statement 2 is wrong: Rule 43-B(3)(a) says child adoption leave MAY be combined with leave of any other kind. Statement 1 restates Rule 43-B(1) and statement 3 restates Rule 43-B(2).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 103,\r\n    \"year\": \"2024\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 apply to :\\n1. Government servants appointed to the civil services and posts\\n2. Members of All India Services\\n3. Employees of non-statutory departmental canteens\\n4. Persons paid from contingencies\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 2(f)<\/b> \u2014 'members of the All India Services'. Rule 2 excludes MEMBERS OF THE ALL INDIA SERVICES (clause f) and PERSONS PAID FROM CONTINGENCIES (clause c), so statements 2 and 4 fail. Employees of non-statutory departmental canteens in Central Government offices were declared to be Government servants and are governed by these rules, so statement 3 holds. Also excluded: Railway servants; casual, daily-rated and part-time employees; workmen in industrial establishments; work-charged establishments; local recruits in Indian missions abroad; persons on contract unless the contract provides otherwise; and short-term deputationists from State Governments.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 104,\r\n    \"year\": \"2024\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements in the context of Central Civil Services (Leave Travel Concession) Rules :\\n1. Leave Travel Concession (LTC) can be availed while on study leave.\\n2. LTC can also be availed during the weekend alone.\\n3. LTC can be availed during Leave Preparatory to Retirement, provided the return journey is completed before the expiry of leave.\\n4. LTC can be availed by a Government servant under suspension.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 4\",\r\n      \"2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 7, Note 3<\/b> \u2014 'LTC also admissible during CCL and study leave'. Statement 1 is correct: LTC is admissible during study leave and child care leave (DoPT OM No. 13018\/6\/2013-Estt.(L) dated 03.04.2018 and OM No. 31011\/1\/88-Estt.(A) dated 30.03.1988). Statement 3 is correct: LTC is allowed both ways during leave preparatory to retirement provided the return journey is completed before the leave expires (OM dated 01.10.1977). Statement 2 is wrong - LTC is NOT admissible for journeys during weekend holidays without any leave. Statement 4 is wrong - a Government servant under suspension cannot avail LTC.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 105,\r\n    \"year\": \"2024\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding Leave Travel Concession (LTC) claims :\\n1. In respect to LTC journey, the reimbursement of catering charges wherever the Government servant opts for catering service while booking ticket in Rajdhani Express, is allowed.\\n2. Ministry\/Department can admit LTC claims submitted within 6 months after completion of journey for which no advance was taken, with the concurrence of Financial Adviser if the Government servant is not able to submit the claim within the prescribed time limit due to compelling circumstances beyond his\/her control.\\n3. LTC advance up to 90% of the estimated cost of journey both ways can be granted to a Central Government servant.\\n4. For performing LTC journey by air, the time limit for drawing LTC advance is 65 days.\\n5. In all the cases, where an advance is drawn for the purpose of availing LTC, it will be mandatory for the Government servant to produce the outward journey tickets to the Competent Authority within 15 days of drawal of advance.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 5 only\",\r\n      \"1, 4 and 5 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 15, Note 2<\/b> \u2014 'The Government servant is required to produce the outward journey tickets to the Competent Authority within ten days of drawal of advance in order to verify that he has actually utilised the amount to purchase the tickets'. Statement 5 is the only wrong one: where an advance is drawn, the outward journey tickets must be produced to the competent authority within TEN DAYS of drawal (OM No. 31011\/8\/2015-Estt.(A-IV) dated 13.05.2016), not 15 days. Statement 4 is correct - the time limit for DRAWING the advance is 65 days before the outward journey for air, sea and road, though it was raised to 125 DAYS FOR JOURNEYS BY TRAIN by the same OM of 13.05.2016 following the increase in the railway advance reservation period to 120 days. Statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 106,\r\n    \"year\": \"2025\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant on Leave Not Due is entitled to leave salary equal to :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Pay last drawn\",\r\n      \"50% of amount admissible on Earned Leave\",\r\n      \"75% of amount admissible on Earned Leave\",\r\n      \"50% of amount admissible on Half Pay Leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 40(3)<\/b> \u2014 'A Government servant on half pay leave or leave not due is entitled to leave salary equal to half the amount specified in sub-rule (1)'. Rule 40(3): a Government servant on half pay leave OR LEAVE NOT DUE is entitled to leave salary equal to half the amount specified in sub-rule (1), i.e. half the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 107,\r\n    \"year\": \"2025\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 7: MISCELLANEOUS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The powers to relax any of the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 shall be exercised by any Ministry or Department of the Government of India, only with the concurrence of the :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions\",\r\n      \"Union Public Service Commission\",\r\n      \"Integrated Finance Division of the Ministry concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 65<\/b> \u2014 'no such order shall be made except with the concurrence of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions'. Proviso to Rule 65: no order relaxing the Leave Rules shall be made except with the concurrence of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. Contrast LTC Rule 18, where the concurrence is that of the Department of Personnel and Training.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 108,\r\n    \"year\": \"2025\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statement(s) regarding Commuted Leave is\/are correct?\\n1. When commuted leave is granted, twice the amount of such leave shall be debited against the half pay leave due.\\n2. Medical certificate is not necessary for commuted leave in continuation of maternity leave.\\n3. Commuted leave may not be granted at the request of the Government servant when earned leave is due to him.\\nSelect the answer using the codes given below :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 30(1)(d)<\/b> \u2014 'when commuted leave is granted, twice the amount of such leave shall be debited against the half pay leave due'. Statement 3 is the reverse of the Note under Rule 30, which says commuted leave MAY be granted at the request of the Government servant EVEN WHEN earned leave is due to him. Statement 1 is Rule 30(1)(d) and statement 2 is Rule 43(4)(b). Recall also Rule 30(2): if the officer resigns or takes voluntary retirement without returning to duty, commuted leave is re-treated as HPL and the difference in leave salary recovered, unless the retirement is on grounds of ill-health or he dies.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 109,\r\n    \"year\": \"2025\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following statements is not correct in the context of grant of Child Care Leave (CCL) under Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"CCL cannot be demanded as a matter of right.\",\r\n      \"The leave is to be treated like the Earned Leave and sanctioned as such.\",\r\n      \"CCL may not be granted for a period less than 15 days at a time.\",\r\n      \"CCL can be availed of even if employee has Earned Leave at credit.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-C(3)(iv)<\/b> \u2014 'child care leave may not be granted for a period less than five days at a time'. RULE CHANGED: DoPT Notification dated 11.12.2018 substituted FIVE DAYS for fifteen days as the minimum spell in Rule 43-C(3)(iv), so option (c) is the incorrect statement. Options (a), (b) and (d) correctly state the current position - CCL cannot be claimed as a matter of right, it is to be treated like earned leave and sanctioned as such, and the earlier condition requiring EL at credit to be exhausted first has been removed.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 110,\r\n    \"year\": \"2025\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of Gazetted Government servants whose pay and allowances are not drawn and disbursed by the Head of Office, their leave account shall be maintained by :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Audit Officer\",\r\n      \"Head of Office\",\r\n      \"Accounts Officer\",\r\n      \"Head of Department\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 15<\/b> \u2014 'a leave account shall be maintained in Form 2 for each Government servant by the Audit Officer in the case of Gazetted Government servants'. Rule 15. The Note carves out the exception: where a Gazetted officer's pay IS drawn and disbursed by the Head of Office, that Head of Office maintains the leave account. For non-Gazetted staff the account is always maintained by the Head of Office or an officer authorised by him, in Form 2.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 111,\r\n    \"year\": \"2025\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In terms of the Central Civil Services (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988, which one of the following is the time limit prescribed for the Administration for verification of Leave Travel Concession (LTC) claim after the LTC bill is submitted by the Government employee (posted in Headquarters) for settlement?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"5 working days\",\r\n      \"7 working days\",\r\n      \"10 working days\",\r\n      \"15 working days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 13, Note 7<\/b> \u2014 'Time taken by Administration for verification of LTC claim after the LTC bill is submitted by the Government employee for settlement 10 working days'. DoPT OM No. 31011\/3\/2015-Estt.(A.IV) dated 18.02.2016 prescribes the whole chain: leave sanction 5 working days; sanction of LTC advance or leave encashment 5 working days; VERIFICATION OF THE LTC CLAIM 10 WORKING DAYS; DDO 5 working days; PAO 5 working days. An additional 3 days' transit time is allowed where the employee is posted away from Headquarters, which is why the question specifies posted in Headquarters.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 112,\r\n    \"year\": \"2025\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements on the issues relating to travel on Leave Travel Concession (LTC) in terms of Central Civil Services (LTC) Rules, 1988 :\\n1. In the case of catering services opted by the Government servants while booking the tickets for the purpose of LTC, the catering charges shall be reimbursed in respect of eligible trains only.\\n2. In the case of Government employees entitled to travel by air, the cancellation charges, if any, levied by the airlines as well as the authorized agents shall be reimbursed on grounds of official exigencies only.\\n3. The Government servants not entitled to travel by air but wish to travel by air are also required to mandatorily book their tickets through the authorized agents.\\nWhich of the statement(s) given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 12, Note 7(i)<\/b> \u2014 'The Government employees not entitled for air travel but wish to travel by air, are no longer required to mandatorily book their air tickets through the three authorised travel agencies'. Statement 1 is correct (OM dated 10.08.2023 - catering charges reimbursed where the employee opts for catering while booking tickets on ELIGIBLE trains). Statement 2 is correct (same OM - cancellation charges levied both by the airlines and by the authorised travel agents are reimbursed on grounds of OFFICIAL EXIGENCIES ONLY). Statement 3 is wrong: by the same OM, employees NOT entitled to air travel who nevertheless wish to fly are NO LONGER required to book through the three ATAs, since reimbursement is capped at the actual air fare or the entitled train or bus fare by the shortest route, whichever is less. The ATA requirement survives for them only under the Special Dispensation Scheme for the North-East, J&K, Ladakh and A&N Islands.\"\r\n  }\r\n];\r\n\r\nconst conceptQuestions = [\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 1,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 came into force with effect from:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1st April, 1972\",\r\n      \"1st June, 1972\",\r\n      \"1st July, 1972\",\r\n      \"1st January, 1973\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 1(2)<\/b> \u2014 'They shall come into force on the 1st day of June, 1972.' The rules take their short title from Rule 1(1). The other dates are drawn from neighbouring provisions and are traps: 1st November, 1973 is the cut-off in the Note to Rule 49(10) for debit of departmental leave, and 1st February, 1949 is the date in the Exception to Rule 26(1) governing Government servants of non-Asiatic domicile. Neither has anything to do with commencement.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 2,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Save as otherwise provided, the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 apply to Government servants appointed to the civil services and posts in connection with the affairs of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the Union\",\r\n      \"the Union and the States\",\r\n      \"the Union, the States and the Union Territories\",\r\n      \"any Government in India\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 2<\/b> \u2014 'these rules shall apply to Government servants appointed to the civil services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union'. The scope is the Union alone; State Government employees come in only through Rule 4 (temporary transfer) or Rule 5 (transfer from other leave rules), and even then in a limited way. Union Territories appear only in the definition of 'Administrator' in Rule 3(1)(a) and in the definition of 'foreign service' in Rule 3(1)(g).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 3,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"All of the following categories are outside the application of the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 EXCEPT:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Railway servants, other than those in industrial establishments\",\r\n      \"Members of the All India Services serving under the Union\",\r\n      \"A Government servant who holds a lien on a permanent post\",\r\n      \"Persons paid from contingencies in a Central Government office\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 2<\/b> excludes Railway servants (clause a), persons paid from contingencies (clause c) and members of the All India Services (clause f), among others. A person holding a lien on a permanent post is not excluded at all \u2014 on the contrary, <b>Rule 3(1)(j)<\/b> defines a 'Government servant in permanent employ' as one 'who holds substantively or provisionally substantively a permanent post or who holds a lien on a permanent post', which is the very class for whom benefits such as Leave Not Due under Rule 31 are reserved.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 4,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Persons employed on contract are governed by the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"in all cases, from the date of appointment\",\r\n      \"only after completion of one year of continuous service\",\r\n      \"not at all, except when the contract provides otherwise\",\r\n      \"only for the purpose of special kinds of leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 2(h)<\/b> \u2014 the rules shall not apply to 'persons employed on contract except when the contract provides otherwise'. The exclusion is therefore conditional and can be displaced by the terms of the engagement itself. The one-year test in option (b) belongs to a different set of rules altogether: it is the qualifying period under Rule 2(1) of the CCS (LTC) Rules, 1988 for contract appointees and deputationists to become eligible for Leave Travel Concession.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 5,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following categories of persons:\\n1. Workmen employed in industrial establishments\\n2. Persons employed in work-charged establishments\\n3. Persons in casual or daily-rated or part-time employment\\nWhich of the categories given above are outside the application of the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 2<\/b> excludes all three \u2014 clause (d) workmen employed in industrial establishments, clause (e) persons employed in work-charged establishments, and clause (b) persons in casual or daily-rated or part-time employment. Note the contrast drawn elsewhere in the scheme: under the CCS (LTC) Rules, 1988, 'industrial and work-charged staff who are entitled to regular leave' are eligible for the concession in the same manner as other Central Government employees, so exclusion here does not automatically mean exclusion there.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 6,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following categories are excluded from the operation of the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972?\\n1. Members of the All India Services\\n2. Persons paid from contingencies\\n3. Persons locally recruited for service in Diplomatic, Consular or other Indian establishments in foreign countries\\n4. Persons in respect of whom special provisions have been made by or under the provisions of the Constitution\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Only one\",\r\n      \"Only two\",\r\n      \"Only three\",\r\n      \"All four\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 2<\/b> excludes all four \u2014 clause (f) members of the All India Services, clause (c) persons paid from contingencies, clause (g) persons locally recruited for service in Diplomatic, Consular or other Indian establishments in foreign countries, and clause (i) persons in respect of whom special provisions have been made by or under the Constitution or any other law for the time being in force. The exclusion in clause (g) is confined to locally recruited staff; India-based officers serving in Missions abroad remain governed by these rules. The provision reads: '(g) persons locally recruited for service in Diplomatic, Consular or other Indian establishments in foreign countries'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 7,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The leave of a person serving under a Central Government Department on deputation from a State Government for a limited duration is regulated by:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the leave rules applicable to him in his parent organisation\",\r\n      \"these rules, for the entire period of the deputation\",\r\n      \"a special set of leave rules issued for deputationists\",\r\n      \"these rules, after one year of continuous service\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 2(k)<\/b> excludes 'persons serving under a Central Government Department, on deputation from a State Government or any other source, for a limited duration'. Read with <b>Rule 5(a)<\/b>, a permanent Government servant to whom these rules do not apply, 'when transferred temporarily to a service or post to which these rules apply, shall remain subject to the leave rules which were applicable to him before such transfer'. The one-year test in option (d) belongs to the LTC Rules, not to leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 8,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"'Audit Officer' denotes the Accounts and Audit Officer, whatever his official designation, in whose circle is situated the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"office of the Government servant\",\r\n      \"residence of the Government servant\",\r\n      \"office of the authority competent to grant leave\",\r\n      \"headquarters of the Head of the Department\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 3(1)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'Audit Officer means the Accounts and Audit Officer, whatever his official designation, in whose circle the office of the Government servant is situated.' The test is the location of the office, not of the person. The definition matters operationally: under <b>Rule 15<\/b> the Audit Officer maintains the leave account of Gazetted Government servants whose pay is not drawn by the Head of Office, and under <b>Rule 53(1)<\/b> he furnishes the report on admissibility of study leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 9,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"For the purpose of reckoning 'completed years of service' or 'one year's continuous service', the period spent on extraordinary leave is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"included\",\r\n      \"excluded\",\r\n      \"included only if the leave was on medical certificate\",\r\n      \"included only to the extent of three months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 3(1)(d)<\/b> \u2014 the expression 'means continuous service of specified duration under the Central Government and includes the period spent on duty as well as on leave including extraordinary leave'. This is a deliberately inclusive definition, and it matters wherever a service qualification is prescribed, for instance the one year's continuous service required for the six-month slab of extraordinary leave under <b>Rule 32(2)(b)<\/b>. Contrast <b>Rule 27(3)<\/b>, where extraordinary leave actually reduces the next half-yearly credit of earned leave by one-tenth.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 10,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In relation to a Government servant, the 'date of retirement' denotes the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"forenoon of the last day of the month in which he attains the prescribed age\",\r\n      \"afternoon of the day on which he attains the prescribed age\",\r\n      \"afternoon of the last day of the month in which he attains the prescribed age\",\r\n      \"last day of the half-year in which he attains the prescribed age\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 3(1)(e)<\/b> \u2014 'the afternoon of the last day of the month in which the Government servant attains the age prescribed for retirement under the terms and conditions governing his services'. Fixing it in the afternoon of the last day of the month, rather than on the birthday itself, is what allows the whole of that month to count for the credit of earned leave and half pay leave at 2\u00bd and 5\/3 days per completed calendar month under <b>Rules 27(2)(a)<\/b> and <b>29(2)(b)<\/b>.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 11,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following:\\n1. The Department of Parliamentary Affairs\\n2. The President's Secretariat\\n3. The Cabinet Secretariat\\n4. The Prime Minister's Secretariat\\nHow many of the above are included within the expression 'Department of the Central Government'?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Only one\",\r\n      \"Only two\",\r\n      \"Only three\",\r\n      \"All four\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 3(1)(f)<\/b> \u2014 the expression means a Ministry or Department of the Central Government as notified from time to time 'and includes the Planning Commission, the Department of Parliamentary Affairs, the President's Secretariat, the Vice-President's Secretariat, the Cabinet Secretariat and the Prime Minister's Secretariat'. All four listed items are covered, and the Planning Commission and the Vice-President's Secretariat complete the list. The inclusive drafting matters because several powers under these rules are conferred on a 'Department of the Central Government'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 12,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"'Foreign service' denotes service in which a Government servant receives his pay, with the sanction of Government, from:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the Consolidated Fund of India only, and no other source\",\r\n      \"the Consolidated Fund of any State only, and no other source\",\r\n      \"any source other than the Consolidated Fund of India, of any State or of a Union Territory\",\r\n      \"any source outside India, whether governmental or otherwise\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 3(1)(g)<\/b> \u2014 'service in which a Government servant receives his pay with the sanction of Government from any source other than the Consolidated Fund of India or the Consolidated Fund of any State or the Consolidated Fund of a Union Territory'. The test is the source of pay, not the geography, which disposes of option (d). Foreign service within India keeps the officer under these rules by <b>Rule 4(1)<\/b>, and a period so spent counts as duty for earned leave under <b>Rule 26(1)(d)<\/b> if leave salary contribution is paid.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 13,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An officer declared by the Union Public Service Commission to be eligible for appointment to the ministerial services and appointed to a temporary or officiating vacancy on a written understanding that the vacancy is expected to become permanent, is a Government servant in quasi-permanent employ if he is not confirmed after completion of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"one year of continuous service\",\r\n      \"two years of continuous service\",\r\n      \"three years of continuous service\",\r\n      \"five years of continuous service\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 3(1)(i)(A)<\/b> \u2014 such an officer qualifies where the understanding is given 'in writing before he took up the appointment, that that vacancy is expected to become permanent but is not confirmed after completion of three years continuous service'. The alternative route is <b>Rule 3(1)(i)(B)<\/b>, an officer declared quasi-permanent under the Central Civil Services (Temporary Services) Rules, 1965. Quasi-permanent status matters because Leave Not Due under <b>Rule 31(1)<\/b> is open to permanent and quasi-permanent employees alike.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 14,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who would have held a lien on a permanent post had the lien not been suspended is treated as:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"a Government servant in permanent employ\",\r\n      \"a Government servant in quasi-permanent employ\",\r\n      \"a temporary Government servant\",\r\n      \"a probationer\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 3(1)(j)<\/b> \u2014 'Government servant in permanent employ means an officer who holds substantively or provisionally substantively a permanent post or who holds a lien on a permanent post or who would have held a lien on permanent post had the lien not been suspended.' Suspension of the lien is therefore disregarded. Quasi-permanent employ in option (b) rests on the entirely different tests in <b>Rule 3(1)(i)<\/b> \u2014 three years without confirmation, or a declaration under the CCS (Temporary Services) Rules, 1965.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 15,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The expression 'Head of Mission' is defined with reference to the country in which the Government servant:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"is domiciled at the time of his appointment to the service\",\r\n      \"is on foreign service at the time of proceeding on leave\",\r\n      \"undergoes a course of study or training\",\r\n      \"proposes to spend the whole or any part of his leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 3(1)(k)<\/b> \u2014 'Head of Mission means Ambassador, Charge d'Affaires, Minister, Consul-General, High Commissioner or any other authority declared as such by the Central Government, in the country in which the Government servant undergoes a course of study or training.' The definition is tied to study leave: under <b>Rule 53(3)<\/b> the Head of Mission is informed where study leave is granted for studies abroad, and under <b>Rule 52(2)<\/b> he receives particulars of any change in the approved programme.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 16,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following:\\n1. A Commissioned Officer of the Army, the Navy or the Air Force\\n2. A Junior Commissioned Officer, including an honorary commissioned officer, of the Army\\n3. A Branch List Officer or rating of the Navy\\n4. An airman, including a Master Warrant Officer, of the Air Force\\nHow many of the above fall within the expression 'Military Officer'?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Only one\",\r\n      \"Only two\",\r\n      \"Only three\",\r\n      \"All four\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 3(1)(l)<\/b> covers all four \u2014 a Commissioned Officer of the Army, Navy or Air Force under sub-clause (i), and under sub-clause (ii) a Junior Commissioned Officer including an honorary commissioned officer or other rank of the Army, a Branch List Officer or rating of the Navy, and an airman including a Master Warrant Officer of the Air Force. The definition is exclusionary in effect: Rules 26(1)(a), 29(1), 30(1) and 31(1) all confer entitlements on a Government servant 'other than a military officer'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 17,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A 'Vacation Department' denotes a department, or part of a department, to which regular vacations are allowed, during which the Government servants serving in it are:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"permitted to be absent from duty\",\r\n      \"required to attend for half the working hours\",\r\n      \"treated as being on earned leave\",\r\n      \"treated as being on special casual leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 3(1)(m)<\/b> \u2014 'a department or part of a department, to which regular vacations are allowed, during which Government servants serving in the department are permitted to be absent from duty'. Vacation is therefore not leave at all, which is why it is not debited to the leave account. The consequence is the reduced credit in <b>Rule 28(1)(a)<\/b>: five days of earned leave on each of 1st January and 1st July, against fifteen days for a non-vacation department under Rule 26(1)(a)(i).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 18,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Words and expressions used in the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 which are not defined in them, but are defined in the Fundamental Rules and Supplementary Rules, shall:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"be construed in their ordinary dictionary sense\",\r\n      \"be referred to the Ministry of Finance for a decision\",\r\n      \"have the meanings assigned to them in the Fundamental Rules and Supplementary Rules\",\r\n      \"have no application whatsoever to these rules\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 3(2)<\/b> \u2014 'Words and expressions used herein and not defined but defined in the Fundamental Rules and Supplementary Rules shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them in the Fundamental Rules and Supplementary Rules.' This is a borrowing clause, not a reference clause: it operates automatically. Reference to an authority arises only under <b>Rule 64<\/b>, where a doubt as to the interpretation of these rules is referred to the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, not to the Ministry of Finance.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 19,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"'Administrator' denotes an Administrator of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"a Union Territory\",\r\n      \"a State\",\r\n      \"an autonomous body wholly financed by the Central Government\",\r\n      \"an industrial establishment under the Central Government\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 3(1)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'Administrator means an Administrator of a Union Territory.' The definition has an operational role in the study leave chapter: under the proviso to <b>Rule 53(3)<\/b>, where study leave for studies abroad has been granted by an Administrator, the intimation to the Head of the Mission concerned is to be sent through the Ministry concerned rather than directly by the sanctioning authority.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 20,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"For the purposes of the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972, 'disability' takes its meaning from:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995\",\r\n      \"the Central Services (Medical Attendance) Rules, 1944\",\r\n      \"the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016\",\r\n      \"a certificate issued by the Central Government Health Scheme\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 3(1)(fa)<\/b>, inserted by DoPT Notification No. 18017\/1\/2014-Estt.(L) dated 03.04.2018 \u2014 'disability means specified disability, benchmark disability and disability having high support needs as referred to in the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016'. The same amendment carried the concept through the rules: the proviso to <b>Rule 12(2)<\/b> saves a disabled employee from deemed resignation, and <b>Rule 19(2)<\/b> requires the Medical Authority to certify disability in Form 3-A.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 21,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant governed by the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 who proceeds on foreign service within India continues to be governed by:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the leave rules of the foreign employer\",\r\n      \"the said rules, only to the extent provided in the terms of foreign service\",\r\n      \"the said rules, in full\",\r\n      \"the Fundamental Rules\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 4(1)<\/b> \u2014 such Government servants 'shall continue to be governed by these rules while on temporary transfer to the Indian Railways or to a State Government or while on foreign service within India'. Option (b) is the treatment reserved by <b>Rule 4(2)<\/b> for foreign service outside India and temporary transfer to the Armed Forces, where the rules apply only to the extent provided in the terms and conditions. Note also that Railway servants are otherwise excluded altogether by Rule 2(a).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 22,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of a Government servant on foreign service outside India, including service with United Nations agencies within or outside India, the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 apply:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"in full, for the entire period of such service or transfer\",\r\n      \"only in respect of casual leave and special casual leave\",\r\n      \"only to the extent provided in the terms and conditions of foreign service\",\r\n      \"not at all, the leave rules of the foreign employer applying instead\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 4(2)<\/b> \u2014 in the case of foreign service outside India 'including service with UN agencies within or outside India' or temporary transfer to the Armed Forces of the Union, 'these rules shall apply only to the extent provided in the terms and conditions of foreign service or temporary transfer'. Note the drafting: service with UN agencies is placed in this sub-rule even where it is rendered within India, so geography does not decide the question \u2014 the character of the employer does.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 23,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A permanent Government servant to whom the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 do not apply, who is transferred temporarily to a service or post to which those rules apply, shall:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"become subject to those rules from the date of transfer\",\r\n      \"be governed by whichever set of rules is more favourable to him\",\r\n      \"remain subject to the leave rules which were applicable to him before such transfer\",\r\n      \"be governed by those rules after completing one year in the new post\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 5(a)<\/b> \u2014 such a Government servant, 'when transferred temporarily to a service or post to which these rules apply, shall remain subject to the leave rules which were applicable to him before such transfer'. The switch to these rules occurs only on substantive appointment to a permanent post under <b>Rule 5(b)<\/b>, and then 'from the date of such appointment'. Option (a) is therefore the correct treatment for a different situation, which is precisely the trap.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 24,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where such a Government servant is appointed substantively to a permanent post to which the said rules apply, the leave at his credit under the rules previously applicable to him shall be carried forward subject to the maximum limits of accumulation laid down in:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Rule 12\",\r\n      \"Rule 29\",\r\n      \"Rule 26\",\r\n      \"Rule 39\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 5(b)<\/b> \u2014 'the leave at his credit under the rules previously applicable to him shall be carried forward subject to the maximum limits of accumulation as laid down in Rule 26'. Rule 26(1)(b) fixes that ceiling at 300 days of earned leave. The distractors are the other numerical ceilings in the rules: Rule 12 caps continuous leave at five years, and Rule 39(2) caps the cash equivalent on retirement at 300 days \u2014 a similar figure serving an entirely different purpose.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 25,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In such a case, the leave carried forward and the leave earned under the said rules are to be availed of in the following manner:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the leave earned under the said rules must be exhausted first\",\r\n      \"the Government servant may choose which to avail of first\",\r\n      \"the leave carried forward must be exhausted first\",\r\n      \"the two are merged into a single account with no order of priority\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 5(b)<\/b> \u2014 'The leave so carried forward shall first be exhausted before the leave earned under these rules is availed of.' The sequence protects the exchequer as much as the employee, because the leave salary in respect of the leave carried forward 'shall be borne by the Department or the Government from which the Government servant proceeds on leave'. Allowing free choice as in option (b) would let the officer strand the older liability with the previous employer.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 26,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of a Military Officer appointed substantively to a permanent civil post governed by the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972, the number of days of furlough at his credit is carried forward as:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"earned leave\",\r\n      \"extraordinary leave\",\r\n      \"commuted leave\",\r\n      \"half pay leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 5(b)<\/b> \u2014 'in the case of Military Officer, half pay leave equal to the number of days of furlough shall also be carried forward in addition to the earned leave equal to the number of days of annual leave'. The two military entitlements are thus mapped onto two different civil ones: annual leave becomes earned leave, furlough becomes half pay leave. Treating furlough as earned leave, as option (a) suggests, would confer full-pay leave salary under Rule 40(1) instead of half under Rule 40(3).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 27,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Military Officer not in permanent civil employ who has elected to draw civil rates of pay shall have his leave regulated:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"under the leave rules of the Armed Forces\",\r\n      \"under the Fundamental Rules\",\r\n      \"under whichever rules are more favourable to him\",\r\n      \"as per the provisions of these rules\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>First proviso to Rule 5(a)<\/b> \u2014 'where a Military Officer not in permanent civil employ has elected to draw civil rates of pay, his leave shall be regulated as per the provisions under these rules'. The election as to pay carries the leave regime with it. The second proviso adds a protection on exit: 'in the event of his release or discharge from the Armed Forces, he shall carry forward the annual leave due to him with effect from the date of such release or discharge'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 28,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant governed by the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 is appointed in an industrial establishment in which his leave terms come to be governed by the Factories Act, 1948, the authority competent to grant leave shall:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"carry forward the leave at his credit to the new establishment\",\r\n      \"grant him leave preparatory to the transfer to that establishment\",\r\n      \"allow the leave at his credit to lapse from the date of transfer\",\r\n      \"suo motu issue an order granting cash equivalent of leave salary for earned leave and half pay leave at his credit\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 6<\/b> \u2014 the competent authority 'shall, suo motu, issue an order granting cash equivalent of leave salary in respect of earned leave and half pay leave at his credit subject to a maximum of 300 days'. The word suo motu is important: no application by the Government servant is needed, and the same expression recurs in Rules 39(2)(a), 39-B(1) and 39-D. Lapse of leave under option (c) occurs only on dismissal, removal or resignation under Rule 9(1).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 29,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of such a transfer to an industrial establishment, the cash equivalent of leave salary is subject to a maximum of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"150 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"240 days\",\r\n      \"300 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 6<\/b> caps the cash equivalent at 300 days of earned leave and half pay leave taken together, computed with dearness allowance at the rate in force on the date he ceases to be governed by these rules. The distractors are the other real ceilings in the rules: 150 days is the cap on encashment when a Government servant resigns or quits under <b>Rule 39(6)(a)(ii)<\/b>, and 180 days is the maximum earned leave grantable at a time in India under <b>Rule 26(2)(i)<\/b>. The provision reads: 'the authority competent to grant leave shall, suo motu, issue an order granting cash equivalent of leave salary in respect of earned leave and half pay leave at his credit subject to a maximum of 300 days'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 30,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where such a Government servant later returns to a post or service to which the said rules apply and superannuates, the encashment of leave on superannuation is subject to the condition that:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the leave encashed earlier under this rule is disregarded altogether\",\r\n      \"the days encashed earlier under this rule are recovered from him in cash\",\r\n      \"no further encashment is admissible to him in any circumstances whatsoever\",\r\n      \"the days encashed earlier and the days to be encashed on superannuation together do not exceed 300 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso (a) to Rule 6<\/b> \u2014 encashment on superannuation is 'subject to the condition that the number of days of both earned leave and half pay leave for which encashment has already been allowed under this rule and the number of days of earned leave and half pay leave to be encashed on superannuation does not exceed 300 days'. Proviso (b) applies the identical aggregate test on premature retirement. The same cumulative logic governs re-employment under Rule 39(6)(a)(iii).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 31,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Expression)\\nA. Audit Officer\\nB. Administrator\\nC. Head of Mission\\nD. Vacation Department\\nList-II (Point of reference)\\n1. A Union Territory\\n2. The country in which a course of study or training is undergone\\n3. The circle in which the office of the Government servant is situated\\n4. Regular vacations during which absence from duty is permitted\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4\",\r\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 3(1)(b)<\/b> ties the Audit Officer to the circle in which the office of the Government servant is situated; <b>Rule 3(1)(a)<\/b> defines Administrator as an Administrator of a Union Territory; <b>Rule 3(1)(k)<\/b> defines Head of Mission with reference to the country in which the Government servant undergoes a course of study or training; and <b>Rule 3(1)(m)<\/b> defines a Vacation Department by the regular vacations allowed to it, during which its Government servants are permitted to be absent from duty. The provision reads: 'Audit Officer means the Accounts and Audit Officer, whatever his official designation, in whose circle the office of the Government servant is situated'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 32,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Expression)\\nA. Foreign service\\nB. Date of retirement\\nC. Head of Mission\\nD. Vacation Department\\nList-II (Defining feature)\\n1. Afternoon of the last day of the month in which the prescribed age is attained\\n2. Pay received from a source other than the Consolidated Fund\\n3. Regular vacations during which absence from duty is permitted\\n4. The country in which a course of study or training is undergone\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3\",\r\n      \"A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 3(1)(g)<\/b> defines foreign service by the source of pay; <b>Rule 3(1)(e)<\/b> fixes the date of retirement at the afternoon of the last day of the month; <b>Rule 3(1)(k)<\/b> defines Head of Mission with reference to the country of study or training; and <b>Rule 3(1)(m)<\/b> defines a Vacation Department by the regular vacations allowed to it, during which its Government servants are permitted to be absent from duty. The provision reads: 'Foreign service means service in which a Government servant receives his pay with the sanction of Government from any source other than the Consolidated Fund of India or the Consolidated Fund of any State'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 33,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The credit of earned leave admissible to a Government servant of non-Asiatic domicile recruited in India, who is in continuous service from a date prior to the 1st February, 1949 and is entitled to leave passage, ceases when the earned leave due amounts to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"120 days\",\r\n      \"150 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"300 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Exception to Rule 26(1)<\/b> \u2014 such earned leave 'is one-seventh of the period spent on duty and he ceases to earn such leave when the earned leave due amounts to 180 days'. The figure of 150 days in option (b) is the maximum earned leave grantable at a time to this same class under <b>Rule 26(2)(ii)<\/b>, against 180 days for other Government servants employed in India, so the two numbers are easily transposed.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 34,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The exclusion of persons locally recruited for service in Indian establishments in foreign countries extends to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"all Government servants posted in Indian Missions abroad\",\r\n      \"only heads of such establishments\",\r\n      \"only those recruited locally who are not Indian citizens\",\r\n      \"only those recruited locally for such establishments\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 2(g)<\/b> excludes 'persons locally recruited for service in Diplomatic, Consular or other Indian establishments in foreign countries'. The words locally recruited confine the exclusion; India-based officers deputed to serve in Missions abroad remain governed by these rules. Citizenship is not the test, which disposes of option (c). The same distinction runs through the LTC Rules, where Rule 1(4)(f) excludes 'local recruits in Indian Missions abroad' but not India-based staff.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 35,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who is on temporary transfer to the Armed Forces of the Union is governed by the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"in full, for the entire period of the transfer\",\r\n      \"not at all, the Armed Forces leave rules applying in full\",\r\n      \"only in respect of extraordinary leave\",\r\n      \"only to the extent provided in the terms and conditions of the temporary transfer\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 4(2)<\/b> groups temporary transfer to the Armed Forces with foreign service outside India: in both, 'these rules shall apply only to the extent provided in the terms and conditions of foreign service or temporary transfer, as the case may be'. Contrast <b>Rule 4(1)<\/b>, where temporary transfer to the Indian Railways or to a State Government, or foreign service within India, leaves the Government servant fully governed by these rules.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 36,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The leave salary in respect of the leave carried forward by a Government servant who becomes subject to the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 on substantive appointment to a permanent post shall be borne by the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Department or Government from which the Government servant proceeds on leave\",\r\n      \"Department to which he is newly appointed, in every case\",\r\n      \"Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"Department in which the leave was originally earned, in every case\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 5(b)<\/b>, as amended by DoPT Notification No. 14028\/4\/91-Estt.(L) dated 18.09.1995 \u2014 'The leave salary in respect of the leave carried forward shall be borne by the Department or the Government from which the Government servant proceeds on leave.' The liability follows the office from which the officer actually goes on leave, not the office in which the leave was earned, which is why option (d) is the trap most often selected.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 37,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 1: PRELIMINARY\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the extent of application of the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972:\\n1. They apply save as otherwise provided in the rules themselves.\\n2. They apply to workmen employed in industrial establishments.\\n3. They do not apply to persons in respect of whom special provisions have been made under any law for the time being in force.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 2<\/b> opens with 'Save as otherwise provided in these rules', so statement 1 is correct, and clause (i) excludes persons for whom special provisions have been made 'by or under the provisions of the Constitution or any other law for the time being in force', so statement 3 is correct. Statement 2 reverses clause (d), which excludes workmen employed in industrial establishments; their leave is governed by the Factories Act, 1948, as Rule 6 itself recognises.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 38,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The fundamental principle governing the entitlement of a Government servant to leave is that:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"leave is an accrued right which the sanctioning authority must honour\",\r\n      \"leave may be claimed as of right except in a Vacation Department\",\r\n      \"leave may be claimed as of right once it stands credited to the leave account\",\r\n      \"leave cannot be claimed as of right\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 7(1)<\/b> \u2014 'Leave cannot be claimed as of right.' Credit in the leave account creates admissibility, not entitlement, which is why Rule 16(1) still requires a report on admissibility before leave is granted. The principle is qualified in only one direction: the proviso to <b>Rule 7(2)<\/b> provides that leave applied for under Rule 20 by a Government servant who has acquired a disability shall not be refused or revoked without reference to the Medical Authority, 'whose advice shall be binding'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 39,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"When the exigencies of public service so require, the authority competent to grant leave may:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"refuse or revoke leave of any kind, and also alter the kind of leave due and applied for at its own discretion\",\r\n      \"neither refuse nor revoke leave of any kind once it has been duly sanctioned by the competent authority\",\r\n      \"alter the kind of leave applied for at the written request of the Government servant, but neither refuse nor revoke it\",\r\n      \"refuse or revoke leave of any kind, but not alter the kind of leave due and applied for except at the written request of the Government servant\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 7(2)<\/b> \u2014 'leave of any kind may be refused or revoked by the authority competent to grant it, but it shall not be open to that authority to alter the kind of leave due and applied for except at the written request of the Government servant'. The power to refuse is wide; the power to convert is not, and it can be exercised only on the employee's own written request. Retrospective conversion is separately governed by Rule 10.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 40,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Leave applied for by a Government servant who has acquired a disability shall not be refused or revoked without reference to the Medical Authority, and the advice of that Authority shall be:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"advisory only\",\r\n      \"subject to confirmation by the Head of the Department\",\r\n      \"binding only if the leave applied for does not exceed twelve months\",\r\n      \"binding\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 7(2)<\/b>, inserted by DoPT Notification No. 18017\/1\/2014-Estt.(L) dated 03.04.2018 \u2014 'leave applied under Rule 20, shall not be refused or revoked without reference to the Medical Authority, whose advice shall be binding'. This is the single inroad into the discretion conferred by Rule 7. The twelve-month figure in option (c) belongs to <b>Rule 20(1)(b)(i)<\/b>, the maximum grantable at a time where the Medical Authority cannot say with certainty that the officer will never again be fit.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 41,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant's claim to leave is regulated by the rules in force at the time:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the leave is applied for and granted\",\r\n      \"the leave was earned and credited\",\r\n      \"of his appointment to the service or post\",\r\n      \"the leave actually commences\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 8<\/b> \u2014 'A Government servant's claim to leave is regulated by the rules in force at the time the leave is applied for and granted.' Both events must be satisfied, so an intervening amendment before sanction governs the case. Option (b) confuses this with the accrual of credit, and option (d) with the commencement of leave, which <b>Rule 21<\/b> fixes at the day on which the transfer of charge is effected \u2014 a question of computation, not of governing law.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 42,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Except as otherwise provided, the claim to leave at the credit of a Government servant who is dismissed, removed or who resigns from Government service ceases from the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"date of such dismissal, removal or resignation\",\r\n      \"end of the half-year in which the event occurs\",\r\n      \"end of the calendar month preceding that in which the event occurs\",\r\n      \"date on which the disciplinary proceedings were instituted\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 9(1)<\/b> \u2014 the claim 'ceases from the date of such dismissal or removal or resignation', except as provided in Rule 39 and in Rule 9 itself. The saving in Rule 39 matters: under Rule 39(6)(a)(ii) a Government servant who resigns may still be granted cash equivalent of half the earned leave at credit, subject to 150 days. Option (c) borrows the cut-off in Rules 27(2)(b) and 29(2)(c) for the credit of leave on removal or dismissal.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 43,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant applies through proper channel for another post under the Government of India outside his parent office or department, and is required to resign his post before taking up the new one, such resignation shall:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"result in the lapse of the leave at his credit\",\r\n      \"not result in the lapse of the leave at his credit\",\r\n      \"result in the lapse of half pay leave alone\",\r\n      \"result in the lapse of the leave at his credit unless the appointing authority directs otherwise\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 9(2)<\/b> \u2014 where the application is 'forwarded through proper channel and the applicant is required to resign his post before taking up the new one, such resignation shall not result in the lapse of the leave to his credit'. Two conditions are cumulative: the post must be under the Government of India but outside the parent office, and the application must have gone through proper channel. A resignation to join outside Government attracts the ordinary rule of lapse in Rule 9(1).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 44,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who is dismissed or removed from service and is subsequently reinstated on appeal or revision is entitled to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"count for leave his service rendered prior to the dismissal or removal\",\r\n      \"count for leave only the period between dismissal and reinstatement\",\r\n      \"a fresh leave account commencing from the date of reinstatement\",\r\n      \"count his prior service only if the reinstating authority so directs\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 9(3)<\/b> \u2014 such a Government servant 'shall be entitled to count for leave his service prior to dismissal or removal, as the case may be'. The entitlement is automatic and needs no direction, which disposes of option (d). A parallel provision in <b>Rule 9(4)<\/b> allows a person who retired on compensation or invalid pension or gratuity, and is re-employed with past service counting for pension, to count that former service towards leave as well.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 45,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who, having retired on compensation or invalid pension or gratuity, is re-employed and allowed to count his past service for pension, is entitled to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"count his former service towards leave\",\r\n      \"a fresh leave account with no reference to former service\",\r\n      \"count only half of his former service towards leave\",\r\n      \"encashment of the leave that stood at his credit on retirement\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 9(4)<\/b> \u2014 he 'shall be entitled to count his former service towards leave'. The counting for leave is made to follow the counting for pension. Note the contrast with the general rule for re-employed persons in <b>Rule 34<\/b>: 'In the case of a person re-employed after retirement, the provisions of these rules shall apply as if he had entered Government service for the first time on the date of his re-employment' \u2014 Rule 9(4) is the exception to that.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 46,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. The claim to leave at credit ceases on dismissal, removal or resignation, subject to the provisions of Rule 39.\\n2. A resignation tendered to take up another post under the Government of India, applied for through proper channel, causes the leave at credit to lapse.\\n3. A Government servant reinstated on appeal may count his pre-dismissal service for leave.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 3 reproduce <b>Rules 9(1)<\/b> and <b>9(3)<\/b>. Statement 2 inverts <b>Rule 9(2)<\/b>, which provides that in exactly that situation 'such resignation shall not result in the lapse of the leave to his credit'. This is the classic technical-resignation protection, and reversing the operative word is the standard way of making such a statement wrong without inventing anything absurd.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 47,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The authority which granted leave may commute it retrospectively into leave of a different kind, provided that the leave of the different kind was due and admissible to the Government servant:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"at the time the request for commutation is made\",\r\n      \"at the time the leave was granted\",\r\n      \"at the time he resumed duty\",\r\n      \"at any time during the leave year\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 10(1)<\/b> \u2014 the authority 'may commute it retrospectively into leave of a different kind which was due and admissible to him at the time the leave was granted, but the Government servant cannot claim such commutation as a matter of right'. The reference point is fixed at the date of the original grant, so leave that accrued later cannot be used. Note that commutation is discretionary, mirroring the general principle in Rule 7(1).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 48,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A request for commutation of one kind of leave into another shall not be considered unless it is received within:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"30 days of the Government servant joining duty on the expiry of the relevant spell of leave\",\r\n      \"30 days of the commencement of the relevant spell of leave\",\r\n      \"one year of the Government servant joining duty on the expiry of the leave\",\r\n      \"the financial year in which the leave was availed of\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 10(1)<\/b>, inserted by DoPT Notification No. 14015\/2\/97-Estt.(L) dated 31.12.1997 \u2014 no such request shall be considered 'unless received by such authority, or any other authority designated in this behalf, within a period of 30 days of the concerned Government servant joining his duty on the expiry of the relevant spell of leave availed of by him'. The clock therefore runs from rejoining, not from the commencement of the leave, which is the trap in option (b).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 49,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"On commutation of one kind of leave into another, any amount of leave salary paid in excess to the Government servant shall be:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"written off\",\r\n      \"recovered\",\r\n      \"adjusted against his future leave salary only\",\r\n      \"recovered only if the commutation was at his own request\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 10(2)<\/b> \u2014 commutation 'shall be subject to adjustment of leave salary on the basis of leave finally granted to the Government servant, that is to say, any amount paid to him in excess shall be recovered or any arrears due to him shall be paid'. The adjustment cuts both ways. Option (d) is redundant in any event, since Rule 10(1) permits commutation only 'at the request of a Government servant'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 50,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Extraordinary leave granted on medical certificate or otherwise may be commuted retrospectively into:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"earned leave\",\r\n      \"half pay leave\",\r\n      \"leave not due\",\r\n      \"commuted leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Note to Rule 10<\/b> \u2014 'Extraordinary leave granted on medical certificate or otherwise may be commuted retrospectively into leave not due subject to the provisions of Rule 31.' The reference to Rule 31 carries its conditions with it: a maximum of 360 days during the entire service, a medical certificate, satisfaction that there is a reasonable prospect of return to duty, and a limit to the half pay leave likely to be earned thereafter.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 51,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Except as otherwise provided, any kind of leave under the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 may be granted:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"only singly, and not in continuation of any other kind of leave\",\r\n      \"in combination with or in continuation of any other kind of leave\",\r\n      \"in combination with another kind of leave only with the approval of the Head of the Department\",\r\n      \"in continuation of another kind of leave only on medical certificate\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 11<\/b> \u2014 'any kind of leave under these rules may be granted in combination with or in continuation of any other kind of leave'. The permission is general and needs no special approval, which disposes of options (c) and (d). The single carve-out is in the Explanation: casual leave, not being recognised as leave under these rules, cannot be combined with any other kind of leave admissible under them.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 52,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The reason why casual leave cannot be granted in combination with earned leave or half pay leave is that casual leave:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"is granted by a different authority\",\r\n      \"is not recognised as leave under these rules\",\r\n      \"is limited to eight days in a calendar year\",\r\n      \"is not debited to the leave account\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Explanation to Rule 11<\/b> \u2014 'Casual leave which is not recognized as leave under these rules shall not be combined with any other kind of leave admissible under these rules.' The bar rests on its character, not on its quantum, which is why option (c) fails. Option (d) proves too much: maternity leave under Rule 43(5), paternity leave under Rule 43-A(4) and child care leave under Rule 43-C(7) are equally not debited to the leave account, yet each may be combined with leave of any other kind.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 53,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"No Government servant shall be granted leave of any kind for a continuous period exceeding:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"one year\",\r\n      \"two years\",\r\n      \"three years\",\r\n      \"five years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 12(1)<\/b> \u2014 'No Government servant shall be granted leave of any kind for a continuous period exceeding five years.' The ceiling is on the continuous spell, whatever its composition. The other figures are real but belong elsewhere: three years is the bond period after study leave under Rule 53(4) read with Rule 63(1), and two years is the maximum leave grantable in continuation of maternity leave under Rule 43(4)(b).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 54,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who remains absent from duty for a continuous period exceeding five years, with or without leave, shall be deemed to have resigned from Government service, except where the absence is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"on foreign service\",\r\n      \"on extraordinary leave\",\r\n      \"on half pay leave\",\r\n      \"outside India\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 12(2)<\/b>, as substituted by DoPT Notification No. 13026\/2\/2010-Estt.(L) dated 29.03.2012 \u2014 'a Government servant who remains absent from duty for a continuous period exceeding five years other than on foreign service, with or without leave, shall be deemed to have resigned from the Government service'. Extraordinary leave is not carved out; the words 'with or without leave' put the matter beyond doubt. Only the President, in view of exceptional circumstances, may otherwise determine.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 55,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Before the provisions relating to deemed resignation on absence exceeding five years are invoked, the Government servant:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"must be served with a charge sheet under the CCS (CCA) Rules, 1965\",\r\n      \"must be given a reasonable opportunity to explain the reasons for such absence\",\r\n      \"must be referred to a Medical Board constituted for the purpose\",\r\n      \"must be placed under suspension pending a decision in the matter\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>First proviso to Rule 12(2)<\/b> \u2014 'a reasonable opportunity to explain the reasons for such absence shall be given to that Government servant before provisions of sub-rule (2) are invoked'. Deemed resignation is not a penalty under the CCS (CCA) Rules, 1965, so no charge sheet or formal inquiry is contemplated; the safeguard is this opportunity to explain, together with the President's power to determine otherwise in exceptional circumstances.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 56,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The provision treating absence exceeding five years as deemed resignation does not apply to a case where leave is applied for:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"on medical certificate, in connection with a disability\",\r\n      \"for the purpose of prosecuting studies in the public interest\",\r\n      \"in continuation of maternity leave\",\r\n      \"while the Government servant is on deputation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Second proviso to Rule 12(2)<\/b>, inserted by DoPT Notification No. 18017\/1\/2014-Estt.(L) dated 03.04.2018 \u2014 'this rule shall not apply to a case where leave is applied on medical certificate, in connection with a disability'. This is part of the same set of disability amendments that inserted the definition in Rule 3(1)(fa), the binding Medical Authority advice in the proviso to Rule 7(2), and Form 3-A under Rule 19(2).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 57,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the maximum amount of continuous leave:\\n1. The ceiling of five years applies to leave of any kind.\\n2. Absence exceeding five years other than on foreign service, whether with or without leave, attracts the presumption of resignation.\\n3. The President may otherwise determine in view of the exceptional circumstances of the case.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"All three reproduce <b>Rule 12<\/b> accurately. Sub-rule (1) bars leave 'of any kind' for a continuous period exceeding five years; sub-rule (2) applies the deemed-resignation consequence to absence 'with or without leave' other than on foreign service; and the same sub-rule opens with 'Unless the President, in view of the exceptional circumstances of the case, otherwise determines'. The power is reserved to the President alone, not to the Department or the appointing authority.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 58,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant on leave who proposes to take up service or employment lying outside India requires the previous sanction of the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"authority empowered to appoint him\",\r\n      \"President\",\r\n      \"Head of the Department\",\r\n      \"Head of the Mission concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 13(1)(a)<\/b> \u2014 previous sanction of 'the President, if the proposed services or employment lies elsewhere than in India'. Where the proposed employment lies in India, <b>Rule 13(1)(b)<\/b> shifts the power to 'the authority empowered to appoint him', which is the deliberate trap in option (a). The Head of the Mission in option (d) has functions only under the study leave chapter, in Rules 52(2) and 53(3).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 59,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The restriction on taking up service or employment while on leave does not apply to a Government servant who has been permitted:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"permission to hold shares in a public limited company registered in India or elsewhere\",\r\n      \"a limited amount of private practice, or to undertake casual literary work or service as an examiner or similar employment\",\r\n      \"permission to accept an honorarium from a State Government or a local authority\",\r\n      \"permission to engage in social or charitable work in his spare time without remuneration\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 13(1)<\/b> carves out 'a Government servant who has been permitted a limited amount of private practice or who has been permitted to undertake casual literary work or service as an examiner or similar employment'. The exception is narrow and turns on prior permission. Options (a), (c) and (d) describe matters regulated by the CCS (Conduct) Rules, 1964 \u2014 shareholding, acceptance of honoraria and participation in outside bodies \u2014 not by the leave rules.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 60,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant on leave other than leave preparatory to retirement shall:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"ordinarily be permitted to take up other service or employment\",\r\n      \"not ordinarily be permitted to take up any other service or employment\",\r\n      \"be permitted to take up other employment only within India\",\r\n      \"be permitted to take up other employment only with a Public Sector Undertaking\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 13(2)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'No Government servant while on leave, other than leave preparatory to retirement shall ordinarily be permitted to take up any other service or employment.' Where permission is nevertheless considered desirable in an exceptional case, <b>Rule 13(2)(b)<\/b> offers only two routes: temporary transfer of his services from the parent office to the office concerned, or resignation before taking up the new employment. The PSU route in option (d) belongs to Rule 13(2)(c), which deals with leave preparatory to retirement.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 61,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant on leave preparatory to retirement may be permitted to take up employment with:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"any private employer of his choice\",\r\n      \"a Public Sector Undertaking or a body referred to in Rule 38(2)(a)\",\r\n      \"any employer, provided he refunds the leave salary drawn\",\r\n      \"no employer whatsoever\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 13(2)(c)<\/b> \u2014 such a Government servant 'shall not be permitted to take up private employment. He may, however, be permitted to take up employment with a Public Sector Undertaking or a body referred to in Clause (a) of sub-rule (2) of Rule 38'. Rule 38(2)(a) describes a local authority, corporation or company wholly or substantially owned or controlled by Government. Even then, 'leave salary payable for leave preparatory to retirement shall be the same as admissible under Rule 40'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 62,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant who has proceeded on leave preparatory to retirement is required, before the date of retirement, for employment in a post under the Central Government and is agreeable to return to duty, the unexpired portion of the leave from the date of rejoining shall be:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"carried forward to the date of retirement\",\r\n      \"cancelled\",\r\n      \"converted into earned leave\",\r\n      \"treated as extraordinary leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 13(3)(a)<\/b> \u2014 in that situation 'the unexpired portion of the leave from the date of rejoining shall be cancelled'. The employment may be in a post under the Central Government in or outside India. Cancellation is not a forfeiture: <b>Rule 13(3)(b)<\/b> provides that 'the leave so cancelled under Clause (a) shall be allowed to be encashed in the manner provided in sub-rule (2) of Rule 39', that is, at the rate applicable to cash equivalent on retirement.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 63,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Leave preparatory to retirement which stands cancelled on the Government servant returning to duty for employment under the Central Government shall be:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"allowed to be encashed in the manner provided in Rule 39(2)\",\r\n      \"restored to the leave account for future use\",\r\n      \"allowed to lapse without any benefit\",\r\n      \"encashed at half the rate of leave salary\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 13(3)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'The leave so cancelled under Clause (a) shall be allowed to be encashed in the manner provided in sub-rule (2) of Rule 39.' Rule 39(2)(b) prescribes the formula: pay admissible on the date of retirement plus dearness allowance, divided by 30, multiplied by the number of days, subject to the overall ceiling of 300 days for earned leave and half pay leave taken together, and payable in one lump sum as a one-time settlement.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 64,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Arrange the following steps in the correct sequence as they occur where a Government servant on leave preparatory to retirement is required for employment under the Central Government before his date of retirement:\\n1. The Government servant rejoins duty\\n2. The unexpired portion of the leave is cancelled\\n3. The cancelled leave is encashed in the manner provided in Rule 39(2)\\n4. The Government servant signifies that he is agreeable to return to duty\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2, 3, 4\",\r\n      \"4, 1, 2, 3\",\r\n      \"4, 2, 1, 3\",\r\n      \"2, 4, 1, 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 13(3)(a)<\/b> proceeds in that order: the officer must first be 'agreeable to return to duty', he then rejoins, and the unexpired portion of the leave is cancelled 'from the date of rejoining' \u2014 so cancellation cannot precede rejoining, which rules out options (c) and (d). <b>Rule 13(3)(b)<\/b> then permits the cancelled leave to be encashed under Rule 39(2), making encashment the last step.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 65,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Subject)\\nA. Right to leave\\nB. Regulation of claim to leave\\nC. Commutation of one kind of leave into another\\nD. Maximum amount of continuous leave\\nList-II (Governing proposition)\\n1. Five years\\n2. Cannot be claimed as of right\\n3. Rules in force when the leave is applied for and granted\\n4. Request within 30 days of joining duty\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 7(1)<\/b> lays down that leave cannot be claimed as of right; <b>Rule 8<\/b> regulates the claim by the rules in force when the leave is applied for and granted; the proviso to <b>Rule 10(1)<\/b> requires the commutation request within 30 days of joining duty on the expiry of the relevant spell; and <b>Rule 12(1)<\/b> caps continuous leave at five years. The pairing to watch is B against C, since both turn on a point of time. The provision reads: 'A Government servant's claim to leave is regulated by the rules in force at the time the leave is applied for and granted'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 66,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"All of the following are correct statements of the general conditions governing leave EXCEPT:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"leave of any kind may be refused or revoked when the exigencies of public service so require\",\r\n      \"the kind of leave due and applied for may be altered by the sanctioning authority whenever the exigencies of service so require\",\r\n      \"any kind of leave may be granted in combination with or in continuation of any other kind of leave\",\r\n      \"a Government servant's claim to leave is regulated by the rules in force when the leave is applied for and granted\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 7(2)<\/b> permits refusal or revocation on the ground of exigencies of public service, but expressly withholds the power to convert: 'it shall not be open to that authority to alter the kind of leave due and applied for except at the written request of the Government servant'. Option (b) drops that qualification and is therefore wrong. Options (a), (c) and (d) restate Rules 7(2), 11 and 8 correctly.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 67,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following statements regarding commutation of one kind of leave into another are correct?\\n1. Commutation operates retrospectively.\\n2. Commutation may be claimed by the Government servant as a matter of right.\\n3. Extraordinary leave may be commuted into leave not due.\\n4. Arrears of leave salary consequent on commutation are payable to the Government servant.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Only one\",\r\n      \"Only two\",\r\n      \"Only three\",\r\n      \"All four\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1, 3 and 4 are correct. <b>Rule 10(1)<\/b> makes commutation retrospective; the <b>Note to Rule 10<\/b> permits extraordinary leave to be commuted into leave not due subject to Rule 31; and <b>Rule 10(2)<\/b> provides that 'any amount paid to him in excess shall be recovered or any arrears due to him shall be paid'. Statement 2 is wrong: the same sub-rule says in terms that 'the Government servant cannot claim such commutation as a matter of right'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 68,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where permission to take up other service or employment while on leave is considered desirable in an exceptional case, the Government servant may be:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"allowed to retain his lien on the parent post and to draw leave salary simultaneously\",\r\n      \"required to have his services transferred temporarily to the office concerned, or to resign before taking it up\",\r\n      \"granted extraordinary leave for the whole period of such service or employment elsewhere\",\r\n      \"permitted to do so on refund of the leave salary already drawn for that period\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 13(2)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'the Government servant may have his services transferred temporarily from his parent office to the office in which he is permitted to take up service or employment or may be required to resign his appointment before taking up any other service or employment'. Only these two routes are contemplated. Drawing leave salary while simultaneously drawing remuneration elsewhere, as option (a) suggests, is precisely what the arrangement is designed to prevent.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 69,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the combination of different kinds of leave:\\n1. Casual leave may be combined with half pay leave.\\n2. Extraordinary leave may be granted in continuation of earned leave.\\n3. Any kind of leave under the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 may be combined with any other kind, except as otherwise provided.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 2 and 3 follow from <b>Rule 11<\/b>, which permits any kind of leave under these rules to be granted in combination with or in continuation of any other kind, subject to contrary provision. Statement 1 offends the <b>Explanation to Rule 11<\/b>: casual leave is not recognised as leave under these rules and cannot be combined with any leave admissible under them, and half pay leave under Rule 29 is squarely such leave. The provision reads: 'Except as otherwise provided in these rules, any kind of leave under these rules may be granted in combination with or in continuation of any other kind of leave'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 70,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant on leave who proposes to set up private professional practice as an accountant, consultant or legal or medical practitioner within India requires the previous sanction of the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"President\",\r\n      \"authority empowered to appoint him\",\r\n      \"Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions\",\r\n      \"Comptroller and Auditor General of India\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 13(1)(b)<\/b> \u2014 sanction of 'the authority empowered to appoint him, if the proposed service or employment lies in India'. Rule 13(1) expressly brings within the restriction 'the setting up of a private professional practice as accountant, consultant or legal or medical practitioner', so such practice is treated on the same footing as employment. The President's sanction under Rule 13(1)(a) is required only where the proposed engagement lies elsewhere than in India.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 71,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. Leave may be refused or revoked by the authority competent to grant it.\\n2. Leave applied for by a Government servant who has acquired a disability may be refused only after reference to the Medical Authority.\\n3. The advice of the Medical Authority in such a case is binding on the sanctioning authority.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"All three follow from <b>Rule 7(2)<\/b> and its proviso. The main provision permits refusal or revocation by the competent authority when the exigencies of public service so require, while the proviso added on 03.04.2018 provides that 'leave applied under Rule 20, shall not be refused or revoked without reference to the Medical Authority, whose advice shall be binding'. Rule 20 governs leave to a Government servant who is unlikely to be fit to return to duty.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 72,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An application for leave, or for extension of leave, is required to be made to the authority competent to grant leave in:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Form 1\",\r\n      \"Form 2\",\r\n      \"Form 3\",\r\n      \"Form 5\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 14<\/b> \u2014 'Any application for leave or for extension of leave shall be made in Form 1 to the authority competent to grant leave.' The same Form serves both the original application and any extension. The distractors are the neighbouring Forms in the Second Schedule: Form 2 is the leave account under <b>Rule 15<\/b>, Form 3 the medical certificate for a Gazetted Government servant under <b>Rule 19(1)(i)<\/b>, and Form 5 the certificate of fitness under <b>Rule 24(3)(a)<\/b>.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 73,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant is unable to submit an application for leave or a medical certificate on account of a disability, how many of the following may sign and submit it on his behalf?\\n1. The spouse of the Government servant\\n2. The parents, in the case of an unmarried Government servant\\n3. A child, brother or sister of the Government servant who has attained the age of majority\\n4. A person assigned limited guardianship of the Government servant\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Only one\",\r\n      \"Only two\",\r\n      \"Only three\",\r\n      \"All four\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 14<\/b>, inserted by DoPT Notification No. 18017\/1\/2014-Estt.(L) dated 03.04.2018, names all four \u2014 the spouse; the parents in the case of an unmarried Government servant; 'the child including adopted child or brother or sister of the Government servant, who has attained the age of majority'; and a person assigned limited guardianship under Section 14 of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016. A child taken in adoption is expressly included.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 74,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The limited guardianship which enables another person to submit a leave application on behalf of a Government servant with a disability is that assigned in terms of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Section 14 of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016\",\r\n      \"Chapter X of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016\",\r\n      \"the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890\",\r\n      \"the Central Services (Medical Attendance) Rules, 1944\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso (d) to Rule 14<\/b> refers to 'any person who has been assigned limited guardianship of the Government servant in terms of Section 14 of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (49 of 2016)'. Chapter X of the same Act is a different reference point, used in <b>Rule 19(2-A)<\/b> for the authority certifying a specified disability. The Guardians and Wards Act, 1890 appears in the Notes to Rules 43-AA and 43-B, on the meaning of child.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 75,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An application for leave signed and submitted by a permitted relation on behalf of a Government servant who is unable to submit it on account of a disability shall be:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"treated as a representation to be regularised later\",\r\n      \"valid only if countersigned by the Head of Office\",\r\n      \"deemed to have been made and submitted by the Government servant himself\",\r\n      \"valid only for the first spell of such leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 14<\/b> concludes that the application or medical certificate so signed and submitted 'shall be deemed to have been made and submitted by the Government servant himself'. The deeming is complete and unconditional, requiring no countersignature and carrying no limit on the number of spells. The provision forms part of the same 2018 package of disability amendments as Rule 3(1)(fa), the proviso to Rule 7(2) and Form 3-A under Rule 19(2).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 76,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The leave account of every Government servant is required to be maintained in:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Form 1\",\r\n      \"Form 4\",\r\n      \"Form 2\",\r\n      \"Form 6\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 15<\/b> \u2014 'a leave account shall be maintained in Form 2 for each Government servant'. Form 1 is the application for leave under Rule 14, Form 4 the medical certificate for a non-Gazetted Government servant under Rule 19(1)(ii), and Form 6 the bond executed under <b>Rule 32(3)<\/b> where extraordinary leave for studies is granted in relaxation of the twenty-four month limit in Rule 32(2)(e).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 77,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of a Gazetted Government servant whose pay and allowances are not drawn and disbursed by the Head of Office, the leave account is maintained by the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Head of Office\",\r\n      \"Head of the Department\",\r\n      \"Audit Officer\",\r\n      \"authority competent to grant leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 15<\/b> \u2014 the leave account 'shall be maintained in Form 2 for each Government servant by the Audit Officer in the case of Gazetted Government servants'. The Note supplies the exception: where the pay and allowances of a Gazetted Government servant are drawn and disbursed by the Head of Office, that Head of Office maintains the account. Rule 3(1)(b) locates the Audit Officer by the circle in which the office of the Government servant is situated.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 78,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of a non-Gazetted Government servant, the leave account is maintained by the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Audit Officer\",\r\n      \"Head of the Department\",\r\n      \"Head of Office or an officer authorised by him\",\r\n      \"Drawing and Disbursing Officer of the Ministry\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 15<\/b> \u2014 the account is maintained 'by the Head of Office or an officer authorized by him in the case of non-Gazetted Government servants'. The power to authorise another officer is express, so the function need not be discharged personally. The Audit Officer's role is confined to Gazetted Government servants whose pay is not drawn by the Head of Office, and to the provisional leave salary slip under <b>Rule 16(2)(c)<\/b>.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 79,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"No leave shall be granted to a Government servant until a report regarding its admissibility has been obtained from the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"authority maintaining the leave account\",\r\n      \"Head of the Department\",\r\n      \"authority competent to grant leave\",\r\n      \"Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 16(1)<\/b> \u2014 'No leave shall be granted to a Government servant until a report regarding its admissibility has been obtained from the authority maintaining the leave account.' The sanctioning authority and the account-keeping authority are deliberately kept distinct: under Rule 15 the latter is the Audit Officer or the Head of Office, while the former is drawn from Column (3) of the First Schedule. The Note adds that the sanction order shall indicate the balance of earned leave and half pay leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 80,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The order sanctioning leave is required to indicate the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"date on which the Government servant is due to retire\",\r\n      \"name of the officer who will hold additional charge\",\r\n      \"balance of earned leave and half pay leave at the credit of the Government servant\",\r\n      \"address at which the Government servant will spend the leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Note to Rule 16(1)<\/b>, inserted by GSR No. 1422, F.No. 11012\/1\/77-E.IV(A) dated 21.11.1979 \u2014 'The order sanctioning leave shall indicate the balance of earned leave\/half pay leave at the credit of the Government servant.' The requirement complements the admissibility report: the sanction itself carries the account position on its face, so that both the employee and the audit authority can verify the debit.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 81,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where there is reason to believe that obtaining the report on admissibility will be unduly delayed, the authority competent to grant leave may issue a provisional sanction of leave for a period not exceeding:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"thirty days\",\r\n      \"forty-five days\",\r\n      \"sixty days\",\r\n      \"ninety days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 16(2)(a)<\/b> \u2014 such an authority 'may calculate, on the basis of available information, the amount of leave admissible to the Government servant and issue provisional sanction of leave for a period not exceeding sixty days'. Rule 16(2)(b) makes the grant subject to verification, and permits a modified sanction where necessary. Thirty days in option (a) belongs to Rule 42, the minimum spell that attracts an advance of leave salary.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 82,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of Gazetted Government servants, a provisional leave salary slip for a period not exceeding sixty days may be issued by the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Audit Officer, at the request of the authority competent to grant leave\",\r\n      \"Head of Office, on his own motion\",\r\n      \"Head of the Department, at the request of the Government servant\",\r\n      \"Pay and Accounts Officer, after verification of the leave account\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 16(2)(c)<\/b> \u2014 'In the case of Gazetted Government servants, the Audit Officer may, at the request of the authority competent to grant leave, issue a provisional leave salary slip for a period not exceeding sixty days.' Two elements are essential and are the usual trap: the issuing authority is the Audit Officer, and he acts on a request from the leave-sanctioning authority, not on his own motion or at the employee's instance.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 83,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An undertaking for the recovery of leave salary paid in excess is required to be taken from a Government servant in the case of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"every provisional sanction of leave issued under these rules\",\r\n      \"every spell of leave granted on production of a medical certificate\",\r\n      \"leave preparatory to retirement, or cash payment in lieu of leave at credit under Rule 39\",\r\n      \"leave granted in combination with holidays prefixed or suffixed\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Note to Rule 16(2)<\/b> \u2014 'In the case of leave preparatory to retirement or where cash payment in lieu of leave at credit is granted under Rule 39, an undertaking for recovery of the leave salary, if any, paid in excess, shall be taken from the Government servant.' The safeguard is confined to these two situations, where the officer is leaving service and ordinary recovery from future pay would not be possible.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 84,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Leave shall not be granted to a Government servant whom a competent punishing authority has decided to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"place him under suspension pending a departmental inquiry\",\r\n      \"transfer him in the public interest to another station\",\r\n      \"dismiss, remove or compulsorily retire from Government service\",\r\n      \"proceed against him departmentally for grave misconduct\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 17<\/b> \u2014 'Leave shall not be granted to a Government servant whom a competent punishing authority has decided to dismiss, remove or compulsorily retire from Government service.' The bar attaches only once that decision has been taken; the mere institution of proceedings, or an order of suspension, does not by itself attract Rule 17. Note the related consequence in <b>Rule 9(1)<\/b>: on dismissal or removal the claim to leave at credit ceases from that date.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 85,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"All of the following are decisions of a competent punishing authority which bar the grant of leave EXCEPT a decision to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"dismiss the Government servant from Government service\",\r\n      \"remove the Government servant from Government service\",\r\n      \"compulsorily retire the Government servant from Government service\",\r\n      \"reduce the Government servant to a lower stage in the time-scale of pay\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 17<\/b> names only three decisions \u2014 to dismiss, to remove, or to compulsorily retire. Reduction to a lower stage in the time-scale of pay is a penalty under Rule 11 of the CCS (CCA) Rules, 1965, but it does not sever the employment and therefore does not attract the bar in Rule 17, which is directed at cases where the Government servant is about to cease to be in service. The provision reads: 'Leave shall not be granted to a Government servant whom a competent punishing authority has decided to dismiss, remove or compulsorily retire from Government service'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 86,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An application for leave on medical certificate made by a Gazetted Government servant is required to be accompanied by a medical certificate in:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Form 3\",\r\n      \"Form 3-A\",\r\n      \"Form 4\",\r\n      \"Form 5\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 19(1)(i)<\/b> requires a Gazetted Government servant's application to be accompanied by 'a Medical Certificate in Form 3', given by a doctor in a CGHS dispensary if he is a CGHS beneficiary, or by a Government Hospital or an Authorized Medical Attendant if he is not. Form 4 is the corresponding certificate for non-Gazetted Government servants under Rule 19(1)(ii), Form 3-A the disability certificate under Rule 19(2), and Form 5 the fitness certificate under Rule 24(3)(a).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 87,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An application for leave on medical certificate made by a non-Gazetted Government servant is required to be accompanied by a medical certificate in:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Form 2\",\r\n      \"Form 3\",\r\n      \"Form 4\",\r\n      \"Form 5\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 19(1)(ii)<\/b> requires the application of a non-Gazetted Government servant to be accompanied by 'a Medical Certificate in Form 4'. The distinction between Form 3 and Form 4 turns solely on Gazetted status. In both cases the certifying authority depends on whether the officer is a CGHS beneficiary, and an Authorized Doctor of a private hospital recognised under CGHS or the Central Services (Medical Attendance) Rules, 1944 may certify in cases of hospitalisation or indoor specialised treatment.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 88,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of a Government servant who has acquired a disability, the Medical Authority is required to certify in:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Form 3\",\r\n      \"Form 7\",\r\n      \"Form 4\",\r\n      \"Form 3-A\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 19(2)<\/b>, inserted by DoPT Notification No. 18017\/1\/2014-Estt.(L) dated 03.04.2018 \u2014 'In case of a Government servant who has acquired disability, the Medical Authority shall certify, in Form 3-A'. Form 7 is unrelated: it is the bond executed by a Government servant in permanent employ who is granted study leave under <b>Rule 53(4)(a)<\/b>.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 89,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following particulars:\\n1. The nature and extent of the disability\\n2. The date from which the disability has occurred or manifested\\n3. Whether there are reasonable prospects for the Government servant to be fit to resume duties\\nHow many of the above are required to be certified by the Medical Authority in the case of a Government servant who has acquired a disability?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Only one\",\r\n      \"Only two\",\r\n      \"Only three\",\r\n      \"None\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 19(2)<\/b> requires all three \u2014 clause (a) the nature and extent of the disability; clause (b) the date from which it 'has occurred or manifested, to the extent it may be medically possible to indicate the same'; and clause (c) whether there are reasonable prospects of fitness to resume duties, 'and if not, categorically state that such Government servant is completely and permanently incapacitated for further service'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 90,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of a non-Gazetted Government servant who is a beneficiary of the Central Government Health Scheme but falls ill while away from a Scheme area, a certificate given by a Registered Medical Practitioner may be produced where no Authorized Medical Attendant is available within a radius of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"five kilometres\",\r\n      \"eight kilometres\",\r\n      \"ten kilometres\",\r\n      \"sixteen kilometres\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 19(1)(ii)<\/b> \u2014 such a Government servant may produce a certificate given by an Authorized Medical Attendant 'or by Registered Medical Practitioner if there is no Authorized Medical Attendant available within a radius of eight kilometers from his residence or place of temporary stay outside his Headquarters', and also where he finds it difficult to obtain the certificate from a CGHS doctor or an Authorized Medical Attendant. The certificate must define clearly the nature and probable duration of the illness.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 91,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A certificate given by a registered Ayurvedic, Unani or Homoeopathic medical practitioner may be accepted in the case of a non-Gazetted Government servant, provided that such a certificate is accepted for the same purpose in respect of its own employees by the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, by a general or special order\",\r\n      \"Central Government Health Scheme in the area of his posting\",\r\n      \"Head of the Department under whom the Government servant is serving\",\r\n      \"Government of the State in which the Government servant falls ill or to which he proceeds for treatment\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Note to Rule 19(1)<\/b> \u2014 such a certificate, and one given by a registered Dentist in the case of dental ailments or by an honorary Medical Officer, may be accepted 'provided such certificate is accepted for the same purpose in respect of its own employees by the Government of the State in which the Central Government servant falls ill or to which he proceeds for treatment'. The concession is confined to non-Gazetted Government servants.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 92,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The authority competent to grant leave may, at its discretion, secure a second medical opinion by requesting a Government Medical Officer not below the rank of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"an Authorized Medical Attendant\",\r\n      \"a District Medical Officer\",\r\n      \"a Civil Surgeon or Staff Surgeon\",\r\n      \"a Chief Medical Officer\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 19(3)<\/b> \u2014 the authority may 'secure a second medical opinion by requesting a Government Medical Officer not below the rank of a Civil Surgeon or Staff Surgeon, to have the applicant medically examined on the earliest possible date'. The ranks in options (b) and (d) do appear in the rules, but in <b>Rule 24(3)(c)<\/b>, which lists the officers from whom a certificate of fitness may be obtained where a Medical Board is not required.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 93,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a second medical opinion is secured, it is the duty of the Government Medical Officer to express an opinion:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"only as regards the facts of the illness of the applicant\",\r\n      \"only as regards the necessity for the amount of leave recommended\",\r\n      \"both as regards the facts of the illness and as regards the necessity for the amount of leave recommended\",\r\n      \"as regards the fitness of the Government servant to resume duty\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 19(4)<\/b> \u2014 'It shall be the duty of the Government Medical Officer referred to in sub-rule (3) to express an opinion both as regards the facts of the illness and as regards the necessity for the amount of leave recommended.' For that purpose he 'may either require the applicant to appear before himself or before a Medical Officer nominated by himself'. Fitness to resume duty, in option (d), is the separate subject of the Form 5 certificate under Rule 24(3).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 94,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The grant of a medical certificate to a Government servant:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"confers upon him a right to the leave recommended\",\r\n      \"confers a right to leave only where the certificate is issued by a Medical Board\",\r\n      \"confers a right to leave to the extent of half the period recommended\",\r\n      \"does not in itself confer upon him any right to leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 19(5)<\/b> \u2014 'The grant of a medical certificate under this rule does not in itself confer upon the Government servant concerned any right to leave; the medical certificate shall be forwarded to the authority competent to grant leave and orders of that authority awaited.' The provision is an application of the governing principle in <b>Rule 7(1)<\/b> that leave cannot be claimed as of right, and it explains why the certificate is routed to the sanctioning authority rather than acted upon directly.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 95,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The authority competent to grant leave may, in its discretion, waive the production of a medical certificate in the case of an application for leave for a period not exceeding:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"three days at a time\",\r\n      \"five days at a time\",\r\n      \"seven days at a time\",\r\n      \"ten days at a time\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 19(6)<\/b> \u2014 the authority may waive production of a medical certificate 'in case of an application for leave for a period not exceeding three days at a time'. The consequence is spelt out in the same sub-rule: 'Such leave shall not, however, be treated as leave on medical certificate and shall be debited against leave other than leave on medical grounds.' The waiver is therefore procedural only and does not convert the leave into medical leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 96,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Leave granted after waiver of the production of a medical certificate shall be:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"treated as leave on medical certificate\",\r\n      \"not debited to the leave account at all\",\r\n      \"treated as special casual leave\",\r\n      \"debited against leave other than leave on medical grounds\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 19(6)<\/b> \u2014 'Such leave shall not, however, be treated as leave on medical certificate and shall be debited against leave other than leave on medical grounds.' The distinction matters because several entitlements are keyed to leave on medical certificate, for instance commuted leave under Rule 30(1) and leave not due under Rule 31(1), both of which are available only on a medical certificate.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 97,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of a Government servant with multiple disabilities, the Medical Authority competent to issue a certificate of disability is a:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"doctor in a Central Government Health Scheme dispensary\",\r\n      \"specialist in a Government Hospital\",\r\n      \"Medical Board in a Government Hospital\",\r\n      \"Registered Medical Practitioner nominated by the Head of Office\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 19(2-A)<\/b> \u2014 competent Medical Authorities are 'a doctor in Central Government Health Scheme or a Government Hospital, or a specialist in Government Hospital in cases requiring specialized treatment, or a Medical Board in a Government Hospital in the case of multiple disabilities', in addition to the authority certifying a specified disability under Chapter X of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016. Each is matched to a level of complexity, the Medical Board being reserved for multiple disabilities.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 98,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"For the issue of a medical certificate of disability, a reference from the Head of Office or any other authority is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"mandatory in every case\",\r\n      \"required only in the case of Gazetted Government servants\",\r\n      \"required only where a Medical Board is to certify\",\r\n      \"not required\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 19(2-B)<\/b> \u2014 'Notwithstanding anything in these rules, no reference from the Head of Office or any other authority may be required for issue of medical certificate of disability.' The non obstante wording removes any procedural gatekeeping, so that a Government servant may approach the Medical Authority directly. It sits with the proviso to Rule 7(2), under which the resulting advice of the Medical Authority is binding on the sanctioning authority.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 99,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Medical Authority has reported that there is no reasonable prospect that a Government servant will ever be fit to return to duty, leave:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"shall be refused in every case\",\r\n      \"shall be granted only after the Government servant is invalidated from service\",\r\n      \"shall be granted only as extraordinary leave\",\r\n      \"shall not necessarily be refused to such Government servant\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 20(1)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'When a Medical Authority has reported that there is no reasonable prospect that the Government servant will even be fit to return to duty, leave shall not necessarily be refused to such Government servant.' The leave 'may be granted, if due, by the authority competent to grant leave' on the conditions in clause (b). An adverse medical prognosis is therefore not by itself a ground of refusal.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 100,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where the Medical Authority is unable to say with certainty that a Government servant who has acquired a disability will never again be fit for service, leave may be granted for a period not exceeding:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"six months at a time\",\r\n      \"twelve months at a time\",\r\n      \"eighteen months at a time\",\r\n      \"twenty-four months at a time\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 20(1)(b)(i)<\/b> \u2014 'leave not exceeding twelve months at a time may be granted and such leave shall not be extended without further reference to a Medical Authority'. The requirement of a fresh reference before extension is the safeguard that accompanies the twelve-month limit. Eighteen and twenty-four months in options (c) and (d) are the extraordinary leave slabs in Rule 32(2)(d) and (e), for specified illnesses and for studies in the public interest respectively.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 101,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Leave granted where the Medical Authority is unable to say with certainty that the Government servant will never again be fit for service:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"may be extended by the sanctioning authority without any further medical reference\",\r\n      \"shall not be extended in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"may be extended only by the President\",\r\n      \"shall not be extended without further reference to a Medical Authority\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 20(1)(b)(i)<\/b> \u2014 'such leave shall not be extended without further reference to a Medical Authority'. The bar is on extension without a fresh medical opinion, not on extension itself, which disposes of option (b). Where the Medical Authority does declare that the disability may prevent further service, <b>Rule 20(1)(b)(ii)<\/b> permits leave or an extension after the certificate has been received in Form 3-A.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 102,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a certificate of disability is subsequently received from the Medical Authority, any leave already debited for the period granted while the Authority was unable to say with certainty that the Government servant would never again be fit shall be:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"remitted back into the leave account of the Government servant\",\r\n      \"converted into extraordinary leave without any leave salary\",\r\n      \"converted into half pay leave and debited accordingly\",\r\n      \"allowed to stand as debited in the leave account\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>First proviso to Rule 20(1)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'any leave debited for the period(s) granted under sub-clause (i) of Clause (b), after receipt of the certificate of disability of the Medical Authority, shall be remitted back into the leave account of the Government servant'. The second proviso goes further for leave granted under sub-clause (ii) to regulate the period of absence: such leave 'shall not be debited to the leave account' at all.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 103,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where leave is granted to a Government servant who has been declared by the Medical Authority to have acquired a disability which may prevent him from discharging further service, the provisions which apply suo motu are those of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Section 14 of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016\",\r\n      \"Rule 39-B of these rules\",\r\n      \"Chapter X of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016\",\r\n      \"Section 20 of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 20(2)<\/b> \u2014 'In the case of a Government servant who is granted leave in accordance with the provisions of Clause (b) of sub-rule (1), the provisions of Section 20 of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (49 of 2016) shall, suo motu, apply.' Section 20 protects an employee who acquires a disability during service from being dispensed with or reduced in rank on that ground. Section 14 concerns limited guardianship and Chapter X the certification of specified disability.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 104,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Except as provided in the rule dealing with combination of holidays with leave, leave ordinarily begins on the day on which:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the application for leave is sanctioned\",\r\n      \"the Government servant is certified medically unwell\",\r\n      \"the Government servant leaves his station\",\r\n      \"the transfer of charge is effected\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 21<\/b> \u2014 'leave ordinarily begins on the day on which the transfer of charge is effected and ends on the day preceding that on which the charge is resumed'. Both limbs are tied to charge, not to the sanction or to physical departure. The saving in favour of Rule 22 matters because prefixed and suffixed holidays shift the operative dates, as Rule 22(3) makes clear for the consequent rearrangement of pay and allowances.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 105,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Leave ordinarily ends on the day:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"on which the charge is resumed\",\r\n      \"preceding that on which the charge is resumed\",\r\n      \"following that on which the charge is resumed\",\r\n      \"on which the Government servant is certified medically fit\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 21<\/b> \u2014 leave 'ends on the day preceding that on which the charge is resumed'. The day of resumption is thus a duty day and not a leave day, which prevents a double count at either end of the spell. The certificate of fitness in option (d) governs a different question, namely whether the Government servant may return at all: under <b>Rule 24(3)(a)<\/b> he may not do so until he has produced a certificate in Form 5.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 106,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following conditions subject to which a Government servant is deemed to have been permitted to leave his station at the close of the day before a holiday preceding his leave:\\n1. His transfer or assumption of charge does not involve the handling or taking over of securities or moneys other than a permanent advance.\\n2. His early departure does not entail a correspondingly early transfer from another station of a Government servant to perform his duties.\\n3. The delay in his return does not involve a corresponding delay in the transfer to another station of the Government servant who was performing his duties during his absence.\\nWhich of the conditions given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 22(1)(i)<\/b> imposes all three conditions in clauses (a), (b) and (c). Clause (c) extends further, to a delay 'in the discharge from Government service of a person temporarily appointed to it'. The permission is deemed except where, for administrative reasons, permission for prefixing or suffixing holidays to leave has been specifically withheld, and the rule applies to leave other than leave on medical certificate.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 107,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The condition relating to the handling or taking over of securities or moneys may, in any particular case, be waived by the Head of Department on condition that the departing Government servant:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"furnishes a surety of a permanent Government servant\",\r\n      \"remains responsible for the moneys in his charge\",\r\n      \"deposits the moneys with the Accounts Officer\",\r\n      \"returns to duty before the expiry of his leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 22(2)<\/b> \u2014 'On condition that the departing Government servant remains responsible for the moneys in this charge, the Head of Department may, in any particular case, waive the application of Clause (a) of the proviso to sub-rule (1).' The waiver is case-specific and reserved to the Head of Department. A surety of a permanent Government servant, in option (a), is the condition attached to advances to temporary Government servants, not to this waiver.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 108,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant is certified medically fit for joining duty, holidays immediately preceding the day on which he is so certified shall be:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"treated as part of the leave\",\r\n      \"automatically suffixed to the leave\",\r\n      \"treated as duty\",\r\n      \"ignored for all purposes\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 22(1)(ii)(b)<\/b> \u2014 when a Government servant is certified medically fit for joining duty, holidays succeeding the day he is so certified, including that day, are automatically allowed to be suffixed to the leave, 'and holiday(s), if any, preceding the day he is so certified shall be treated as part of the leave'. Holidays before the certificate therefore fall inside the leave spell, while those after it are suffixed to it.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 109,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Unless the authority competent to grant leave otherwise directs, where holidays are prefixed to leave, the leave and any consequent rearrangement of pay and allowances take effect from the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"first day of the holidays\",\r\n      \"day after the holidays\",\r\n      \"day on which the leave was sanctioned\",\r\n      \"first day of the month in which the leave begins\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 22(3)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'if holidays are prefixed to leave, the leave and any consequent rearrangement of pay and allowances take effect from the day after the holidays'. The mirror provision in clause (b) deals with suffixed holidays: the leave is treated as having terminated, and the rearrangement takes effect, 'from the day on which the leave would have ended if holidays had not been suffixed'. In both cases the holidays themselves are kept outside the leave spell for pay purposes.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 110,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where holidays are suffixed to leave, the leave is treated as having terminated and the consequent rearrangement of pay and allowances takes effect from the day on which the leave:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"would have ended if the holidays had not been suffixed\",\r\n      \"actually ends after the suffixed holidays\",\r\n      \"was originally sanctioned to commence\",\r\n      \"is reported to have ended by the Government servant\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 22(3)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'if holidays are suffixed to leave, the leave is treated as having terminated and any consequent rearrangement of pay and allowances takes effect from the day on which the leave would have ended if holidays had not been suffixed'. The suffixed holidays are therefore disregarded in fixing the date of effect, which keeps the treatment symmetrical with prefixed holidays under clause (a).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 111,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"For the purpose of prefixing or suffixing holidays to leave, compensatory leave granted in lieu of duty performed on a Sunday or a holiday for a full day may be treated as:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"a holiday\",\r\n      \"casual leave\",\r\n      \"earned leave\",\r\n      \"a duty day\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Note to Rule 22(3)<\/b> \u2014 'A compensatory leave granted in lieu of duty performed by a Government servant on Sunday or a holiday for a full day may be treated as a holiday for the above purpose.' The qualification 'for a full day' is essential; duty for part of a day does not attract the Note. Treating it as a holiday allows it to be prefixed or suffixed to leave on the same footing as a closed holiday.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 112,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The deemed permission to prefix or suffix holidays to leave does not operate where permission has been specifically withheld:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"for administrative reasons\",\r\n      \"by the Medical Authority\",\r\n      \"by the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions\",\r\n      \"on account of the pendency of disciplinary proceedings\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 22(1)(i)<\/b> creates the deemed permission 'except in cases where for administrative reasons permission for prefixing\/suffixing holidays to leave specifically withheld'. The exception is thus an administrative one, exercised in advance. Pendency of disciplinary proceedings has a different consequence under these rules: <b>Rule 39(3)<\/b> permits the withholding of the whole or part of the cash equivalent of earned leave on retirement in such cases.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 113,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant is recalled to duty before the expiry of his leave, such recall shall be treated as:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"compulsory in all cases\",\r\n      \"optional at the discretion of the Government servant\",\r\n      \"compulsory only where the leave is in India\",\r\n      \"compulsory only where the unexpired leave exceeds three months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 23(3)<\/b> \u2014 'such recall to duty shall be treated as compulsory in all cases'. The characterisation is what gives rise to the consequential benefits that follow, since a compulsory recall carries travelling allowance, continued leave salary and, where the leave was out of India, a free passage. Sub-rules (1) and (2) of Rule 23 stand deleted by MOF Notification No. 11012\/1\/77-E.IV(A) dated 21.11.1979.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 114,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant recalled to duty from leave in India is entitled to be treated as on duty from the date on which he:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"receives the order of recall\",\r\n      \"starts for the station to which he is ordered\",\r\n      \"reports at the station to which he is ordered\",\r\n      \"resumes charge of his post\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 23(3)(a)<\/b> \u2014 he is entitled 'to be treated as on duty from the date on which he starts for the station to which he is ordered'. The date of departure, not of receipt of the order or of arrival, is the trigger. He may in addition draw travelling allowance for the journey, and leave salary until he joins his post 'at the same rate at which he would have drawn it but for recall to duty'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 115,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant is recalled to duty from leave out of India, the time spent on the voyage to India is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"counted as leave of the kind from which he has been recalled\",\r\n      \"counted as duty for the purpose of calculating leave\",\r\n      \"treated as dies non for all purposes including increment\",\r\n      \"treated as extraordinary leave without any leave salary\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 23(3)(b)<\/b> \u2014 he is entitled 'to count the time spent on the voyage to India as duty for purposes of calculating leave'. He also receives leave salary during the voyage and for the period from the date of landing in India to the date of joining his post, at the rate at which he would have drawn it but for the recall, together with a free passage to India and travelling allowance from the place of landing to the place of duty.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 116,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant recalled to duty from leave out of India is entitled to a refund of his passage from India if, by the date of leaving for India on recall, he has not completed:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"half the period of his leave, or three months, whichever is shorter\",\r\n      \"half the period of his leave, or three months, whichever is longer\",\r\n      \"half the period of his leave, in every case\",\r\n      \"three months of his leave, in every case\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 23(3)(b)(iii)<\/b> \u2014 'refund of his passage from India if he has not completed half the period of his leave by the date of leaving for India on recall or three months, whichever is shorter'. The words 'whichever is shorter' fix the outer limit and are the pivot of the question; substituting 'longer' would widen the entitlement considerably. The free passage to India under sub-clause (ii) is separate and is not subject to this test.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 117,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following are admissible to a Government servant recalled to duty from leave out of India?\\n1. Leave salary during the voyage to India\\n2. Leave salary for the period from the date of landing in India to the date of joining his post\\n3. A free passage to India\\n4. Travelling allowance for travel from the place of landing in India to the place of duty\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Only one\",\r\n      \"Only two\",\r\n      \"Only three\",\r\n      \"All four\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 23(3)(b)<\/b> confers all four \u2014 sub-clause (i) leave salary during the voyage and from the date of landing to the date of joining the post, at the rate that would have applied but for the recall; sub-clause (ii) a free passage to India; and sub-clause (iv) travelling allowance from the place of landing in India to the place of duty. Only the refund of the passage from India under sub-clause (iii) is conditional. The provision reads: '(iv) travelling allowance, under the rules for the time being in force, for travel from the place of landing in India to the place of duty'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 118,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant on leave shall not return to duty before the expiry of the period of leave granted to him unless he is permitted to do so by the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Head of the Department\",\r\n      \"authority which granted him the leave\",\r\n      \"Medical Authority\",\r\n      \"authority competent to appoint him\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 24(1)<\/b> \u2014 he shall not return early 'unless he is permitted to do so by the authority which granted him leave'. The position is different for leave preparatory to retirement: under <b>Rule 24(2)<\/b> such a Government servant 'shall be precluded from returning to duty, save with the consent of the authority competent to appoint him to the post from which he proceeded on leave preparatory to retirement', which is the trap in option (d).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 119,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant on leave preparatory to retirement is precluded from returning to duty save with the consent of the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"authority which granted him the leave preparatory to retirement\",\r\n      \"authority competent to appoint him to the post from which he proceeded on such leave\",\r\n      \"Head of Office by whom his pay and allowances were drawn\",\r\n      \"President, on the recommendation of the Head of the Department\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 24(2)<\/b> \u2014 the preclusion operates 'save with the consent of the authority competent to appoint him to the post from which he proceeded on leave preparatory to retirement'. The rule opens with a non obstante clause displacing Rule 24(1), so the ordinary permission of the leave-sanctioning authority will not do. The reason is that leave preparatory to retirement is normally the last spell of service, and the post may already have been filled.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 120,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who has taken leave on medical certificate may not return to duty until he has produced a medical certificate of fitness in:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Form 3\",\r\n      \"Form 3-A\",\r\n      \"Form 4\",\r\n      \"Form 5\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 24(3)(a)<\/b> \u2014 such a Government servant 'may not return to duty until he has produced a medical certificate of fitness in Form 5'. Forms 3 and 4 are the certificates that support the original application for leave on medical certificate, for Gazetted and non-Gazetted Government servants respectively under Rule 19(1), and Form 3-A is the certificate of disability under Rule 19(2). Form 5 alone certifies fitness to resume.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 121,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of a Gazetted Government servant returning from leave on medical certificate, the certificate of fitness is required to be obtained from a Medical Board, except where the leave is for:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"not more than one month\",\r\n      \"not more than three months\",\r\n      \"not more than six months\",\r\n      \"not more than twelve months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 24(3)(b)(i)<\/b> \u2014 the Medical Board requirement does not apply to 'cases in which the leave is for not more than three months'. The second exception, in sub-clause (ii), covers leave for more than three months, or leave of three months or less extended beyond three months, where the Medical Board has stated at the time of the original certificate or the extension that the Government servant need not appear before another Medical Board.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 122,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Gazetted Government servant is not required to appear before a Medical Board, the certificate of fitness may be obtained from all of the following EXCEPT:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the Chief Medical Officer\",\r\n      \"a Civil Surgeon or Staff Surgeon\",\r\n      \"a Medical Officer of the Central Government Health Scheme\",\r\n      \"a Registered Medical Practitioner of his choice\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 24(3)(c)<\/b> permits the certificate to be obtained from 'the Chief Medical Officer, the District Medical Officer, a Civil Surgeon, a Staff Surgeon or a Medical Officer of equivalent status including a Medical Officer of the Central Government Health Scheme', or, in a case covered by Rule 19(6), from the Authorised Medical Attendant or the Medical Superintendent of the hospital. A Registered Medical Practitioner may be accepted only for non-Gazetted Government servants, under Rule 24(3)(d).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 123,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of a non-Gazetted Government servant returning from leave, the authority under which he is employed may, in its discretion, accept a certificate signed by:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"a Medical Board\",\r\n      \"a Registered Medical Practitioner\",\r\n      \"the Head of Office\",\r\n      \"an officer of the Central Government Health Scheme only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 24(3)(d)<\/b> \u2014 'In the case of a non-Gazetted Government servant, the authority under which the Government servant is employed on return from leave may, in its discretion, accept a certificate signed by a Registered Medical Practitioner.' The concession is discretionary and confined to non-Gazetted Government servants, mirroring the more relaxed certification available to them at the time of applying for leave under the Note to Rule 19(1).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 124,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the absence of specific orders to that effect, a Government servant returning from leave is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"entitled to resume as a matter of course the post which he held before going on leave\",\r\n      \"not entitled to resume as a matter of course the post which he held before going on leave\",\r\n      \"entitled to resume any post of equivalent status at his own station\",\r\n      \"entitled to be posted at the station of his choice\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 24(4)(a)<\/b> \u2014 such a Government servant 'is not entitled, in the absence of specific orders to that effect, to resume as a matter of course the post which he held before going on leave'. Clause (b) prescribes what he must do instead: 'report his return to duty to the authority which granted him leave or to the authority, if any, specified in the order granting him the leave and await orders'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 125,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant returning from leave is required to report his return to duty to the authority which granted him leave, or to the authority specified in the order granting the leave, and thereafter:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"resume charge of his former post immediately\",\r\n      \"await orders\",\r\n      \"report to the Head of the Department\",\r\n      \"obtain a fresh order of appointment\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 24(4)(b)<\/b> \u2014 he 'shall report his return to duty to the authority which granted him leave or to the authority, if any, specified in the order granting him the leave and await orders'. The obligation to await orders follows directly from clause (a), which denies any right to resume the former post as a matter of course, and it enables the administration to make posting decisions in the light of arrangements made during the absence.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 126,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who had been suffering from Tuberculosis may be allowed to resume duty on the basis of a fitness certificate which:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"certifies him fit for full duties without restriction\",\r\n      \"recommends light work for him\",\r\n      \"is issued by a Medical Board in every case\",\r\n      \"is issued after a further period of observation of three months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Note to Rule 24(4)<\/b> \u2014 'A Government servant who had been suffering from Tuberculosis may be allowed to resume duty on the basis of fitness certificate which recommends light work for him.' The relaxation recognises that convalescence from tuberculosis is gradual, and it avoids forcing the employee to remain on leave until certified fit for unrestricted duty. The same solicitude appears in Rule 32(2)(d), which allows eighteen months of extraordinary leave for such treatment.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 127,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Unless the authority competent to grant leave extends the leave, a Government servant who remains absent after the end of his leave is entitled to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"leave salary at half the rate for the period of such absence\",\r\n      \"no leave salary for the period of such absence\",\r\n      \"leave salary at the rate applicable to extraordinary leave\",\r\n      \"full leave salary until disciplinary action is taken\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 25(1)<\/b> \u2014 such a Government servant 'is entitled to no leave salary for the period of such absence'. Option (c) is a distractor with no content, since a Government servant on extraordinary leave is not entitled to any leave salary at all under <b>Rule 40(5)<\/b>. The period of absence is separately regulated in the same sub-rule by debit against the leave account.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 128,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The period for which a Government servant remains absent after the end of his leave is debited against his leave account as though it were:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"earned leave, to the extent such leave is due\",\r\n      \"half pay leave, to the extent such leave is due\",\r\n      \"commuted leave, to the extent such leave is due\",\r\n      \"leave not due, to the extent admissible\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 25(1)<\/b> \u2014 the period 'shall be debited against his leave account as though it were half pay leave, to the extent such leave is due, the period in excess of such leave due being treated as extraordinary leave'. The two-stage treatment is the point: half pay leave first to the extent at credit, and only the excess as extraordinary leave. Note that this is regularisation, not condonation, since sub-rule (2) preserves liability to disciplinary action.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 129,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where the period of absence after the end of leave exceeds the half pay leave due to a Government servant, the excess period is treated as:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"earned leave\",\r\n      \"leave not due\",\r\n      \"extraordinary leave\",\r\n      \"dies non\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 25(1)<\/b> \u2014 'the period in excess of such leave due being treated as extraordinary leave'. Leave not due in option (b) is inapplicable because it may be granted only on a medical certificate to a Government servant in permanent or quasi-permanent employ under Rule 31(1). The consequence of extraordinary leave is felt later: under Rule 27(3) the next half-yearly credit of earned leave is reduced by one-tenth of that period, subject to a maximum of fifteen days.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 130,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding absence after the expiry of leave:\\n1. The Government servant is entitled to no leave salary for the period of such absence.\\n2. The period is debited against the leave account as though it were earned leave.\\n3. Wilful absence from duty after the expiry of leave renders the Government servant liable to disciplinary action.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 3 reproduce <b>Rule 25(1)<\/b> and <b>Rule 25(2)<\/b>. Statement 2 alters a single word and is therefore wrong: the debit is against half pay leave to the extent due, not earned leave, with any excess treated as extraordinary leave. The distinction is significant in money terms, since half pay leave carries leave salary at half the rate under Rule 40(3) while earned leave carries the full rate under Rule 40(1). The provision reads: '(2) Wilful absence from duty after the expiry of leave renders a Government servant liable to disciplinary action'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 131,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Form)\\nA. Form 1\\nB. Form 2\\nC. Form 3-A\\nD. Form 5\\nList-II (Purpose)\\n1. Certificate of disability\\n2. Application for leave or extension of leave\\n3. Certificate of fitness to return to duty\\n4. Leave account\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3\",\r\n      \"A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 14<\/b> prescribes Form 1 for an application for leave or extension of leave; <b>Rule 15<\/b> prescribes Form 2 for the leave account; <b>Rule 19(2)<\/b> prescribes Form 3-A for the certificate of disability; and <b>Rule 24(3)(a)<\/b> prescribes Form 5 for the certificate of fitness on return from leave taken on medical certificate. The pair most often transposed is C and D, since both are medical certificates serving opposite ends of the leave spell. The provision reads: 'a leave account shall be maintained in Form 2 for each Government servant'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 132,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Subject)\\nA. Commencement and termination of leave\\nB. Recall to duty before expiry of leave\\nC. Return from leave\\nD. Absence after expiry of leave\\nList-II (Governing proposition)\\n1. Treated as compulsory in all cases\\n2. Debited as though it were half pay leave, the excess being extraordinary leave\\n3. Begins on the day the transfer of charge is effected\\n4. No entitlement to resume the former post as a matter of course\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 21<\/b> fixes commencement at the day on which the transfer of charge is effected; <b>Rule 23(3)<\/b> makes recall compulsory in all cases; <b>Rule 24(4)(a)<\/b> denies any right to resume the former post as a matter of course; and <b>Rule 25(1)<\/b> debits absence after the expiry of leave as half pay leave to the extent due, the excess being treated as extraordinary leave. The provision reads: 'leave ordinarily begins on the day on which the transfer of charge is effected and ends on the day preceding that on which the charge is resumed'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 133,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 3: GRANT OF AND RETURN FROM LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Arrange the following in the correct sequence as they occur in the case of a Government servant who takes leave on medical certificate and later returns to duty:\\n1. Production of a medical certificate of fitness in Form 5\\n2. Submission of an application for leave in Form 1 accompanied by a medical certificate\\n3. Report of return to duty to the authority which granted the leave, and awaiting orders\\n4. Obtaining a report on the admissibility of the leave from the authority maintaining the leave account\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"2, 4, 1, 3\",\r\n      \"4, 2, 1, 3\",\r\n      \"2, 1, 4, 3\",\r\n      \"2, 4, 3, 1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"The application in Form 1 with the supporting certificate comes first under <b>Rules 14<\/b> and <b>19(1)<\/b>; the admissibility report must then be obtained before leave is granted, since <b>Rule 16(1)<\/b> provides that 'No leave shall be granted to a Government servant until a report regarding its admissibility has been obtained from the authority maintaining the leave account'; the fitness certificate in Form 5 precedes return to duty under <b>Rule 24(3)(a)<\/b>; and the report of return, followed by awaiting orders, comes last under <b>Rule 24(4)(b)<\/b>.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 134,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The leave account of a Government servant serving in a Department other than a Vacation Department is credited with earned leave, in advance, in two instalments of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"5 days each on the first day of January and July\",\r\n      \"10 days each on the first day of January and July\",\r\n      \"15 days each on the first day of January and July\",\r\n      \"15 days each on the first day of April and October\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 26(1)(a)(i)<\/b> \u2014 the account 'shall be credited with earned leave, in advance, in two installments of 15 days each on the first day of January and July of every calendar year'. Five days is the corresponding vacation-department figure under <b>Rule 28(1)(a)<\/b>, and ten days the half pay leave figure under <b>Rule 29(1)<\/b>. All three credits fall on 1st January and 1st July.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 135,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The advance credit of earned leave under the rule relating to Departments other than Vacation Departments is not available to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"a military officer\",\r\n      \"a probationer\",\r\n      \"a Government servant on foreign service within India\",\r\n      \"a Government servant on deputation to a State Government\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 26(1)(a)(i)<\/b> confers the credit on 'every Government servant (other than a military officer)'. The same exclusion recurs in Rules 28(1)(a), 29(1), 30(1) and 31(1). Foreign service within India does not disqualify: under <b>Rule 26(1)(d)<\/b> a period so spent counts as duty for this rule, provided contribution towards leave salary is paid for that period.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 136,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant joins a new post without availing full joining time, the number of days of joining time credited to his leave account as earned leave is subject to a maximum of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"10 days\",\r\n      \"15 days\",\r\n      \"20 days\",\r\n      \"30 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 26(1)(a)(ii)<\/b> \u2014 the joining time admissible under Rule 5(4) of the Central Civil Services (Joining Time) Rules, 1979, 'subject to the maximum of 15 days reduced by the number of days actually availed of, shall be credited to his leave account as earned leave'. The credit applies where he is ordered to join at a new place without full joining time, or proceeds alone and takes his family later within the permissible period.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 137,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The earned leave at the credit of a Government servant, together with the unavailed joining time allowed to be credited to his leave account, shall not exceed:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"240 days\",\r\n      \"285 days\",\r\n      \"300 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 26(1)(a)(ii)<\/b> caps the aggregate at 300 days. The figure of 240 days in option (b) was the earlier ceiling, substituted by 300 days vide DoPT Notification No. 13026\/1\/99-Estt.(L) dated 18.04.2002. The 285-day figure in option (c) is the threshold in the proviso to Rule 26(1)(b) at which the advance credit must be kept separately. The provision reads: 'Provided that the earned leave at his credit together with the unavailed joining time allowed to be so credited shall not exceed 300 days'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 138,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The earned leave at the credit of a Government servant at the close of the previous half-year is carried forward to the next half-year subject to the condition that the leave so carried forward plus the credit for the half-year does not exceed:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"240 days\",\r\n      \"300 days\",\r\n      \"365 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 26(1)(b)<\/b> fixes the accumulation ceiling at 300 days. This is distinct from the maximum grantable at a time, which is 180 days in India under <b>Rule 26(2)(i)<\/b>. The 300-day figure runs through the encashment provisions as well, appearing in Rules 6, 38(1), 39(2)(a), 39-A, 39-B(1) and 39-D. The provision reads: '(b) The leave at the credit of a Government servant at the close of the previous half-year shall be carried forward to the next half-year, subject to the condition that the leave so carried forward plus the credit for the half\\u0002year do not exceed the maximum limit of 300 days'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 139,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where the earned leave at the credit of a Government servant as on the last day of December or June is 300 days or less but more than 285 days, the advance credit of 15 days shall:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"be kept separately and first adjusted against the earned leave taken during that half-year\",\r\n      \"lapse altogether at the close of the preceding half-year\",\r\n      \"be credited to the leave account in the usual manner\",\r\n      \"be credited only to the extent of the shortfall below 300 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 26(1)(b)<\/b> \u2014 the advance credit 'shall instead of being credited in leave account be kept separately and first adjusted against the earned leave that the Government servant takes during that half-year', the balance being credited at the close of the half-year subject to the 300-day ceiling. The threshold was raised from 225 to 285 days vide DoPT Notification No. 13026\/1\/99-Estt.(L) dated 18.04.2002.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 140,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant not in permanent or quasi-permanent employ is appointed without interruption of service substantively to a permanent post, his leave account shall be credited with the earned leave which would have been admissible had his previous duty been rendered as a Government servant in permanent employ:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"diminished by any earned leave already taken\",\r\n      \"without any deduction\",\r\n      \"diminished by any leave of any kind already taken\",\r\n      \"limited to the leave earned in the current half-year\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 26(1)(c)(i)<\/b> \u2014 the credit is of the earned leave that would have been admissible 'diminished by any earned leave already taken'. Only earned leave already availed is set off, not leave of other kinds. Clause (c)(ii) completes the recasting: extraordinary leave availed since the date of permanent or quasi-permanent appointment may, subject to Rule 10, be converted into earned leave to the extent due and admissible.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 141,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Extraordinary leave availed by a Government servant since the date of his permanent or quasi-permanent appointment may be converted into earned leave, to the extent due and admissible on recasting of his leave account, subject to the provisions of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Rule 10\",\r\n      \"Rule 7\",\r\n      \"Rule 12\",\r\n      \"Rule 32\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 26(1)(c)(ii)<\/b> makes the conversion 'subject to the provisions of rule 10', which governs commutation of one kind of leave into another. Rule 10 carries its own conditions, notably that the leave converted into must have been due and admissible when the original leave was granted, and that the request be received within 30 days of joining duty on the expiry of the relevant spell.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 142,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A period spent in foreign service counts as duty for the purpose of the credit of earned leave if:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"contribution towards leave salary is paid on account of such period\",\r\n      \"the foreign service is within India\",\r\n      \"the Government servant holds a lien on a permanent post\",\r\n      \"the period does not exceed three years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 26(1)(d)<\/b> \u2014 'A period spent in foreign service shall count as duty for purposes of this rule, if contribution towards leave salary is paid on account of such period.' The test is financial, not geographical, so option (b) is a distractor drawn from Rule 4(1), which deals with the entirely different question of whether these rules continue to govern the officer at all.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 143,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The maximum earned leave that may be granted at a time to a Government servant employed in India is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"120 days\",\r\n      \"150 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"300 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 26(2)(i)<\/b> \u2014 180 days in the case of any Government servant employed in India, as substituted vide DoPT Notification No. 11014\/3\/89-Estt.(L) dated 02.05.1991. The figure of 150 days in option (b) applies under Rule 26(2)(ii) to a Government servant covered by the Exception to Rule 26(1), and 300 days is the accumulation ceiling, not the amount grantable at a time. The provision reads: 'the maximum earned leave that may be granted at a time shall be - (i) 180 days in the case of any Government servant employed in India'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 144,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Earned leave for a period exceeding 180 days but not exceeding 300 days may be granted to a Government servant in Class I or Class II service if the leave, or any portion of it, is spent outside India and certain neighbouring countries. Which of the following is NOT among the countries so specified?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Bangladesh\",\r\n      \"Bhutan\",\r\n      \"Nepal\",\r\n      \"Maldives\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 26(3)<\/b> names India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Pakistan. The Maldives is not in the list. The proviso adds a control: where earned leave exceeding 180 days is granted under this sub-rule, 'the period of such leave spent in India shall not in the aggregate exceed the aforesaid limits', so the officer cannot take the extended grant and then remain in India.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 145,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Earned leave is credited to the leave account of a Government servant, in the calendar year in which he is appointed, at the rate of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"2\u00bd days for each completed calendar month of service likely to be rendered in that half-year\",\r\n      \"5\/3 days for each completed calendar month of service likely to be rendered in that half-year\",\r\n      \"15 days for each half-year, irrespective of the date of appointment\",\r\n      \"one day for every eleven days of duty\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 27(1)<\/b> \u2014 earned leave is credited 'at the rate of 2\u00bd days for each completed calendar month of service which he is likely to render in a half-year of the calendar year in which he is appointed'. The 5\/3 days rate in option (b) is the half pay leave rate under Rule 29(2)(a). The one-eleventh formula has no place in these rules; it belongs to contract appointments outside them.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 146,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The credit of earned leave for the half-year in which a Government servant is due to retire or resigns from the service is afforded at the rate of 2\u00bd days per completed calendar month up to the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"end of the previous half-year\",\r\n      \"end of the calendar month preceding that of retirement or resignation\",\r\n      \"date of retirement or resignation\",\r\n      \"end of the calendar year\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 27(2)(a)<\/b> \u2014 the credit is afforded 'only at the rate of 2\u00bd days per completed calendar month up to the date of retirement or resignation'. Option (b) states the treatment for a different event: under <b>Rule 27(2)(b)<\/b>, where a Government servant is removed or dismissed, the credit stops at the end of the calendar month preceding that in which he is removed or dismissed.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 147,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"When a Government servant is removed or dismissed from service, credit of earned leave is allowed at the rate of 2\u00bd days per completed calendar month up to the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"end of the calendar month preceding that in which he is removed or dismissed\",\r\n      \"date of removal or dismissal\",\r\n      \"end of the half-year in which he is removed or dismissed\",\r\n      \"date on which the disciplinary proceedings were instituted\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 27(2)(b)<\/b> stops the credit at the end of the preceding calendar month, in contrast with retirement, resignation and death, where it runs to the actual date. <b>Rule 40(9)(b)<\/b> supplies the corollary: where the earned leave already availed by a Government servant who is dismissed or removed exceeds the credit so allowed, the overpayment of leave salary is to be recovered. The provision reads: '(b) When a Government servant is removed or dismissed from service, credit of earned leave shall be allowed at the rate of 2\u00bd days per completed calendar month up to the end of the calendar month preceding the calendar month in which he is removed or dismissed from service'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 148,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"When a Government servant dies while in service, credit of earned leave is allowed at the rate of 2\u00bd days per completed month of service up to the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"date of death\",\r\n      \"end of the calendar month preceding that of death\",\r\n      \"end of the half-year in which death occurs\",\r\n      \"last day on which he actually performed duty\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 27(2)(c)<\/b>, as amended by DoPT Notification No. 13026\/1\/2010-Estt.(L) dated 12.05.2011 \u2014 the credit runs up to the date of death. The identical amendment was made to half pay leave by inserting Rule 29(2)(ca). Before May 2011 the credit in death cases stopped at the end of the preceding calendar month, which is why option (b) remains a strong distractor in older question papers. The provision reads: '(c) When a Government servant dies while in service, credit of earned leave shall be allowed at the rate of 2 \u00bd days per completed month of service up to the date of death of the Government servant'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 149,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant has availed of extraordinary leave, or a period of absence has been treated as dies non in a half-year, the credit of earned leave at the commencement of the next half-year is reduced by:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1\/10th of that period, subject to a maximum of 15 days\",\r\n      \"1\/18th of that period, subject to a maximum of 10 days\",\r\n      \"1\/10th of that period, subject to a maximum of 10 days\",\r\n      \"1\/18th of that period, subject to a maximum of 15 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 27(3)<\/b> \u2014 the reduction is one-tenth of the period, subject to a maximum of 15 days. The figures in option (b) belong to half pay leave: under <b>Rule 29(2)(d)<\/b>, where a period of absence or suspension has been treated as dies non, the next half-yearly credit of half pay leave is reduced by one-eighteenth, subject to a maximum of ten days. The two are routinely transposed. The provision reads: '(d) Where a period of absence or suspension of a Government servant has been treated as dies non in a half-year, the credit to be afforded to his half pay leave account at the commencement of next half-year, shall be reduced by one-eighteenth of the period of dies non subject to a maximum of ten days'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 150,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"While affording credit of earned leave, a fraction of a day is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"rounded off to the nearest day\",\r\n      \"ignored\",\r\n      \"carried over to the next half-year\",\r\n      \"rounded up to the next full day\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 27(4)<\/b> \u2014 'While affording credit of earned leave, fractions of a day shall be rounded off to the nearest day.' The identical rule applies to half pay leave under <b>Rule 29(5)<\/b>. Rounding to the nearest day is not the same as rounding up, so a fraction below half a day is rounded down, which is what distinguishes option (a) from option (d).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 151,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The leave account of a Government servant serving in a Vacation Department is credited with earned leave, in advance, in two instalments of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"five days each\",\r\n      \"ten days each\",\r\n      \"fifteen days each\",\r\n      \"twenty days each\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 28(1)(a)<\/b>, as substituted by DoPT Notification No. 11020\/01\/2017-Estt.(L) dated 11.12.2018 \u2014 the credit is 'in two instalments of five days each on the first day of January and July of every calendar year'. The reduced credit reflects the regular vacations allowed to such a department, during which the Government servant is permitted to be absent from duty without any debit to the leave account.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 152,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant serving in a Vacation Department avails a portion of the vacation, he is entitled to additional earned leave in such proportion of twenty days as the number of days of vacation not taken bears to the full vacation, provided the total earned leave credited in a calendar year does not exceed:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"twenty days\",\r\n      \"thirty days\",\r\n      \"forty days\",\r\n      \"sixty days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 28(1)(b)<\/b> caps the total earned leave credited at thirty days in a calendar year. The proportion is worked on a base of twenty days, which together with the ten days of advance credit under clause (a) produces the thirty-day ceiling. Where the Government servant avails no vacation at all in a year, clause (c) applies Rule 26 instead, restoring the full fifteen-day instalments. The provision reads: 'he shall be entitled to additional earned leave in such proportion of twenty days, as the number of days of vacation not taken bears to the full vacation, provided the total earned leave credited shall not exceed thirty days in a calendar year'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 153,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"If in any year a Government servant serving in a Vacation Department does not avail any vacation, his earned leave shall be regulated:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"at five days per half-year, as in the case of other vacation staff\",\r\n      \"at twenty days for that year of actual duty\",\r\n      \"as per the rule applicable to Departments other than Vacation Departments\",\r\n      \"at thirty days for that year of actual duty\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 28(1)(c)<\/b> \u2014 'If, in any year, the Government servant does not avail any vacation, earned leave will be as per Rule 26 instead of Clauses (a) and (b).' He is therefore placed on the ordinary footing of fifteen days on each of 1st January and 1st July. The Explanation adds that 'year' here means twelve months of actual duty in a Vacation Department, not a calendar year.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 154,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"For the purpose of earned leave in a Vacation Department, the term 'year' is to be construed as meaning:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the calendar year in which duty is performed\",\r\n      \"the financial year in which duty is performed\",\r\n      \"twelve months of actual duty in a Vacation Department\",\r\n      \"the academic session of the department concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Explanation to Rule 28(1)<\/b> \u2014 the term 'shall be construed not as meaning a calendar year in which duty is performed but as meaning twelve months of actual duty in a Vacation Department'. Note 2 applies the same logic where a Government servant proceeds on leave before completing a full year of duty: the calculation is made with reference to the vacation falling in the year commencing from the date he completed the previous year of duty.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 155,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant entitled to vacation is considered to have availed a vacation or a portion of it unless he has been required to forgo it by a general or special order of a higher authority. Where he has been prevented by such an order from enjoying more than fifteen days of the vacation, he shall be considered to have availed:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the whole of the vacation\",\r\n      \"half of the vacation\",\r\n      \"no portion of the vacation\",\r\n      \"only the portion actually enjoyed\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Note 1 under Rule 28(1)<\/b> \u2014 'if he has been prevented by such order from enjoying more than fifteen days of the vacation, he shall be considered to have availed himself of no portion of the vacation'. The effect is generous: once the deprivation crosses fifteen days, the officer is placed in the same position as one who took no vacation at all, and therefore earns leave under Rule 26 by virtue of Rule 28(1)(c).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 156,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Vacation may be taken in combination with or in continuation of any kind of leave, provided that the total duration of vacation and earned leave taken in conjunction shall not exceed:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"thirty days in a calendar year, exclusive of the vacation availed\",\r\n      \"the amount of vacation admissible to him in that year of duty\",\r\n      \"the amount of earned leave due and admissible at a time under the rule applicable to other Departments\",\r\n      \"ninety days in the aggregate, whether in combination or in continuation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 28(2)<\/b> \u2014 the total 'shall not exceed the amount of earned leave due and admissible to the Government at a time under Rule 26', that is 180 days for a Government servant employed in India. The restriction applies 'whether the earned leave is taken in combination with or in continuation of other leave or not', so it cannot be circumvented by interposing another kind of leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 157,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The facility of crediting the unavailed portion of joining time to the leave account is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"not admissible to persons serving in Vacation Departments\",\r\n      \"admissible only where the joining time was withheld by the Head of the Department\",\r\n      \"admissible only to Government servants in permanent employ\",\r\n      \"admissible to persons serving in Vacation Departments\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Note to Rule 28(3)<\/b> \u2014 'The facility of crediting of unavailed portion of joining time shall be admissible to persons serving in Vacation Departments, in accordance with the provisions of sub-clause (ii) of Clause (a) of sub-rule (1) of Rule 26.' The carry-forward ceiling in Rule 28(3) is the same 300 days that applies under Rule 26(1)(b).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 158,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The half pay leave account of a Government servant is credited with half pay leave in advance, in two instalments of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"five days each on the first day of January and July\",\r\n      \"ten days each on the first day of January and July\",\r\n      \"fifteen days each on the first day of January and July\",\r\n      \"ten days each on the first day of April and October\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 29(1)<\/b>, as substituted vide DoPT Notification No. 11020\/01\/2017-Estt.(L) dated 11.12.2018 \u2014 'in two instalments of ten days each on the first day of January and July of every calendar year'. Unlike earned leave, half pay leave carries no maximum limit of accumulation; the 300-day ceiling in Rule 26(1)(b) applies to earned leave alone.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 159,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The advance credit of half pay leave is not admissible to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"a military officer, but not a Government servant in a Vacation Department\",\r\n      \"a Government servant in a Vacation Department, but not a military officer\",\r\n      \"a military officer and a Government servant serving in a Vacation Department\",\r\n      \"a Government servant in temporary employ, whatever his department\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 29(1)<\/b> confers the credit on every Government servant 'other than a military officer and a Government servant serving in a Vacation Department'. The double exclusion is peculiar to half pay leave; Rule 26(1)(a)(i) excludes only military officers, because vacation staff are separately provided for in Rule 28. Temporary status is no bar, half pay leave being available irrespective of permanency.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 160,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Half pay leave is credited to the leave account at the rate of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"2\u00bd days for each completed calendar month of service\",\r\n      \"5\/3 days for each completed calendar month of service\",\r\n      \"10 days for each completed half-year, irrespective of service rendered\",\r\n      \"one day for each completed month of service\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 29(2)(a)<\/b> \u2014 the leave is credited 'at the rate of 5\/3 days for each completed calendar month of service which he is likely to render in the half-year of the calendar year in which he is appointed'. Five-thirds is exactly twenty days spread over twelve months, matching the two ten-day instalments. The 2\u00bd days rate in option (a) is the earned leave rate under Rule 27(1).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 161,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a period of absence or suspension of a Government servant has been treated as dies non in a half-year, the credit of half pay leave at the commencement of the next half-year is reduced by:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"one-tenth of the period, subject to a maximum of 15 days\",\r\n      \"one-eighteenth of the period, subject to a maximum of 10 days\",\r\n      \"one-eighteenth of the period, subject to a maximum of 15 days\",\r\n      \"one-tenth of the period, subject to a maximum of 10 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 29(2)(d)<\/b>, inserted vide DoPT Notification No. 13014\/1\/87-Estt.(L) dated 16.06.1987 \u2014 the reduction is one-eighteenth of the period of dies non, subject to a maximum of ten days. Note also that this clause expressly covers a period of suspension treated as dies non, whereas the corresponding earned leave provision in Rule 27(3) speaks of extraordinary leave and dies non. The provision reads: '(d) Where a period of absence or suspension of a Government servant has been treated as dies non in a half-year, the credit to be afforded to his half pay leave account at the commencement of next half-year, shall be reduced by one-eighteenth of the period of dies non subject to a maximum of ten days'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 162,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who is eligible for Departmental leave is entitled to half pay leave of twenty days on completion of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"six months of actual duty\",\r\n      \"twelve months of actual duty\",\r\n      \"eighteen months of actual duty\",\r\n      \"twenty-four months of actual duty\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 29(3)<\/b> \u2014 such a Government servant 'shall be entitled to half pay leave of twenty days on completion of twelve months of actual duty'. Departmental leave under Rule 49 is available to certain Survey of India field staff and to seasonal staff in the Posts and Telegraphs Department, whose duty is not continuous, which is why their half pay leave is keyed to actual duty rather than to the calendar.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 163,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Half pay leave may be granted:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"on medical certificate only\",\r\n      \"on private affairs only\",\r\n      \"on medical certificate or on private affairs\",\r\n      \"on medical certificate, or on private affairs only where no earned leave is at credit\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 29(4)<\/b>, as amended vide DoPT Notification No. 13014\/1\/85-Estt.(L) dated 03.12.1985 \u2014 'The leave under this rule may be granted on medical certificate or on private affairs.' There is no requirement to exhaust earned leave first. Contrast commuted leave under Rule 30(1) and leave not due under Rule 31(1), both of which are available only on a medical certificate, subject to the study exception in Rule 30(1-A).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 164,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the credit of leave when a Government servant is due to retire:\\n1. Earned leave is credited at 2\u00bd days per completed calendar month up to the date of retirement.\\n2. Half pay leave is credited at 5\/3 days per completed calendar month up to the date of retirement.\\n3. In both cases the credit stops at the end of the calendar month preceding retirement.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 reproduce <b>Rules 27(2)(a)<\/b> and <b>29(2)(b)<\/b>, both of which run the credit 'up to the date of retirement or resignation'. Statement 3 is wrong, and describes instead the treatment on removal or dismissal under Rules 27(2)(b) and 29(2)(c), where the credit stops at the end of the calendar month preceding the month of the event.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 165,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Kind of credit)\\nA. Earned leave, Department other than a Vacation Department\\nB. Earned leave, Vacation Department\\nC. Half pay leave\\nD. Half pay leave of a Government servant eligible for Departmental leave\\nList-II (Quantum)\\n1. Ten days on each of 1st January and 1st July\\n2. Twenty days on completion of twelve months of actual duty\\n3. Fifteen days on each of 1st January and 1st July\\n4. Five days on each of 1st January and 1st July\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 26(1)(a)(i)<\/b> gives fifteen days twice a year in a non-vacation department; <b>Rule 28(1)(a)<\/b> gives five days twice a year in a Vacation Department; <b>Rule 29(1)<\/b> gives ten days twice a year of half pay leave; and <b>Rule 29(3)<\/b> gives twenty days of half pay leave on completion of twelve months of actual duty to a Government servant eligible for Departmental leave under Rule 49. The provision reads: '(3) A Government servant who is eligible for Departmental leave under Rule 49, shall be entitled to half pay leave of twenty days on completion of twelve months of actual duty'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 166,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following statements are correct?\\n1. Earned leave may be accumulated up to 300 days.\\n2. Half pay leave may be accumulated up to 300 days.\\n3. While affording credit of half pay leave, a fraction of a day is rounded off to the nearest day.\\n4. Earned leave in a Vacation Department is carried forward subject to a maximum of 300 days.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Only one\",\r\n      \"Only two\",\r\n      \"Only three\",\r\n      \"All four\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1, 3 and 4 are correct, resting on <b>Rules 26(1)(b)<\/b>, <b>29(5)<\/b> and <b>28(3)<\/b> respectively. Statement 2 is wrong: the rules prescribe no maximum limit of accumulation for half pay leave. The 300-day figure attaches to earned leave for accumulation, and to earned leave and half pay leave taken together only for the purposes of encashment under Rule 39 and the allied provisions. The provision reads: 'The leave at the credit of a Government servant at the close of the previous half-year shall be carried forward to the next half-year, subject to the condition that the leave so carried forward plus the credit for the half-year do not exceed the maximum limit of 300 days'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 167,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Commuted leave may be granted on medical certificate to a Government servant to an extent not exceeding:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the whole of the half pay leave due\",\r\n      \"half the amount of half pay leave due\",\r\n      \"twice the amount of half pay leave due\",\r\n      \"one-third of the half pay leave due\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 30(1)<\/b> \u2014 'Commuted leave not exceeding half the amount of half pay leave due may be granted on medical certificate to a Government servant (other than a military officer)'. The reason for the halving is in clause (d): when commuted leave is granted, twice the amount of such leave is debited against the half pay leave due. So 100 days of commuted leave consumes 200 days of half pay leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 168,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"When commuted leave is granted, the amount debited against the half pay leave due is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"an equal amount of such leave\",\r\n      \"half the amount of such leave\",\r\n      \"twice the amount of such leave\",\r\n      \"one and a half times the amount of such leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 30(1)(d)<\/b> \u2014 'when commuted leave is granted, twice the amount of such leave shall be debited against the half pay leave due'. The double debit is the consideration for the full rate of leave salary: under <b>Rule 40(4)<\/b> a Government servant on commuted leave draws leave salary equal to the amount admissible on earned leave, against half that rate for half pay leave under Rule 40(3).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 169,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The grant of commuted leave on medical certificate is subject to the condition that the authority competent to grant leave is satisfied that there is a reasonable prospect of the Government servant:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"returning to duty on the expiry of the leave\",\r\n      \"completing five years of further service\",\r\n      \"not requiring further leave on medical grounds\",\r\n      \"being declared fit by a Medical Board\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 30(1)(a)<\/b> \u2014 the authority must be satisfied 'that there is reasonable prospect of the Government servant returning to duty on its expiry'. The identical condition governs leave not due under <b>Rule 31(1)(a)<\/b>. The rationale is common to both: each is an advance against leave the officer has yet to earn, so a prospect of return is what makes recovery of the advance realistic.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 170,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The maximum half pay leave which may be commuted during the entire service without production of a medical certificate, where the leave is utilised for an approved course of study certified to be in the public interest, is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"120 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"300 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 30(1-A)<\/b> \u2014 'Half pay leave up to a maximum of 180 days may be allowed to be commuted during the entire service (without production of medical certificate) where such leave is utilized for an approved course of study certified to be in the public interest by the leave sanctioning authority.' Applying the double debit in Rule 30(1)(d), 180 days of commuted leave here costs 360 days of half pay leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 171,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant who has been granted commuted leave resigns from service, or is permitted at his request to retire voluntarily, without returning to duty, the commuted leave shall be:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"cancelled and the entire leave salary recovered\",\r\n      \"allowed to stand without any adjustment\",\r\n      \"treated as extraordinary leave and the entire leave salary recovered\",\r\n      \"treated as half pay leave and the difference in leave salary recovered\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 30(2)<\/b> \u2014 the commuted leave 'shall be treated as half pay leave and the difference between the leave salary in respect of commuted leave and half pay leave shall be recovered'. Only the difference is recovered, not the whole. Option (a) describes the harsher treatment of leave not due under <b>Rule 31(2)(a)<\/b>, where the leave is cancelled outright and the leave salary recovered.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 172,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"No recovery of the difference in leave salary on account of commuted leave is to be made where the retirement is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"on completion of twenty years of qualifying service by the Government servant concerned\",\r\n      \"in the public interest under Fundamental Rule 56(j) or Fundamental Rule 56(l)\",\r\n      \"on abolition of the permanent post held by the Government servant on that date\",\r\n      \"by reason of ill-health incapacitating the Government servant for further service, or in the event of his death\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 30(2)<\/b> \u2014 'no such recovery shall be made if the retirement is by reason of ill-health incapacitating the Government servant for further service or in the event of his death'. The parallel provisos to Rule 31(2) go further for leave not due, adding compulsory premature retirement under Rule 48(1)(b) of the CCS (Pension) Rules, 1972 or under Fundamental Rule 56(j) or 56(l).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 173,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Commuted leave may be granted at the request of a Government servant:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"only after the earned leave at his credit has been exhausted\",\r\n      \"only where the earned leave at his credit is less than thirty days\",\r\n      \"only where no earned leave was due at the commencement of the half-year\",\r\n      \"even when earned leave is due to him\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Note to Rule 30<\/b> \u2014 'Commuted leave may granted at the request of the Government servant even when earned leave is due to him.' There is thus no requirement to exhaust earned leave first, and no exhaustion condition anywhere in Rule 30. This Note has been tested directly, most recently as a statement to be identified as incorrect when reversed.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 174,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Leave not due may be granted on medical certificate to a Government servant in permanent or quasi-permanent employ, limited to a maximum during the entire service of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"240 days\",\r\n      \"300 days\",\r\n      \"360 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 31(1)<\/b> \u2014 leave not due may be granted 'limited to a maximum of 360 days during the entire service on medical certificate'. The grant is barred in the case of leave preparatory to retirement, and is subject to the further limit in clause (b) that it shall not exceed the half pay leave the Government servant is likely to earn thereafter.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 175,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Leave not due granted to a Government servant is debited against the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"earned leave he may earn subsequently\",\r\n      \"earned leave and half pay leave he may earn subsequently, in equal shares\",\r\n      \"commuted leave he may earn subsequently\",\r\n      \"half pay leave he may earn subsequently\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 31(1)(c)<\/b> \u2014 'Leave Not Due shall be debited against the half pay leave the Government servant may earn subsequently.' Clause (b) sets the matching ceiling, limiting the grant to the half pay leave he is likely to earn thereafter. The reference to earned leave in options (a) and (b) is the standard distractor, and reversing this single clause is a favourite device in consider-the-following sets.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 176,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Leave not due may also be granted to a temporary Government servant who is suffering from Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Cancer or Mental Illness, subject to the condition that he has put in a minimum service of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"six months\",\r\n      \"one year\",\r\n      \"two years\",\r\n      \"three years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 31(1-A)<\/b>, inserted vide DoPT Notification No. 11012\/1\/85-Estt.(L) dated 06.06.1988 \u2014 such leave may be granted for a period not exceeding 360 days during the entire service, subject to the conditions in clauses (a) to (c) of sub-rule (1) and to the further conditions that the Government servant 'has put in a minimum of one year's service', that the post is likely to last till his return, and that the request is supported by a medical certificate as envisaged in Rule 32(2).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 177,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant who has been granted leave not due resigns from service, or is permitted at his request to retire voluntarily, without returning to duty, the leave not due shall be:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"treated as half pay leave, and the difference between the two rates of leave salary recovered\",\r\n      \"adjusted against the earned leave and half pay leave standing at his credit on that date\",\r\n      \"treated as extraordinary leave from the date on which such leave had commenced\",\r\n      \"cancelled, the resignation or retirement taking effect from the date on which such leave commenced, and the leave salary recovered\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 31(2)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'the Leave Not Due shall be cancelled, his resignation or retirement taking effect from the date on which such leave had commenced, and the leave salary shall be recovered'. The consequence is more drastic than for commuted leave under Rule 30(2), where only the difference in leave salary is recovered, because leave not due is an advance of leave that was never earned at all.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 178,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant who has availed himself of leave not due returns to duty but resigns or retires before he has earned such leave, he is liable to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"refund the leave salary to the extent the leave has not been earned subsequently\",\r\n      \"refund the entire leave salary drawn during such leave\",\r\n      \"have the leave converted into extraordinary leave\",\r\n      \"have the leave debited against his earned leave account\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 31(2)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'he shall be liable to refund the leave salary to the extent the leave has not been earned subsequently'. The refund is proportionate, in contrast with clause (a) where the officer never returns to duty at all and the whole leave salary is recovered. Both are subject to the provisos exempting ill-health, death, and compulsory premature retirement.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 179,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"No leave salary in respect of leave not due is to be recovered where the Government servant is compulsorily retired prematurely under:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Rule 48(1)(b) of the CCS (Pension) Rules, 1972, or Fundamental Rule 56(j) or 56(l)\",\r\n      \"Rule 11 of the CCS (CCA) Rules, 1965, or Fundamental Rule 56(a)\",\r\n      \"Rule 12 of these rules, on absence exceeding five years\",\r\n      \"Rule 65 of these rules, on relaxation in cases of undue hardship\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Second proviso to Rule 31(2)<\/b>, inserted vide MHA Notification No. 6(9)-E.IV(A)\/76 dated 31.12.1980 \u2014 no recovery is to be made 'if the Government servant is compulsorily retired prematurely under Rule 48(1)(b) of the Central Civil Services (Pension) Rules, 1972, or is retired under Fundamental Rule 56(j) or Fundamental Rule 56(l)'. The first proviso separately exempts retirement on grounds of incapacitating ill-health and death.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 180,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Extraordinary leave may be granted to a Government servant in special circumstances:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"only when no other leave of any kind is due and admissible to the Government servant\",\r\n      \"only when the Government servant applies in writing for the grant of such leave to him\",\r\n      \"when no other leave is admissible, or when other leave is admissible but the Government servant applies in writing for extraordinary leave\",\r\n      \"only on production of a medical certificate in the Form required by these rules\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 32(1)<\/b> sets out both limbs \u2014 clause (a) when no other leave is admissible, and clause (b) when other leave is admissible but the Government servant applies in writing for the grant of extraordinary leave. The written application in clause (b) is essential, since it is what displaces the ordinary rule that leave due should be exhausted first. Extraordinary leave carries no leave salary at all under Rule 40(5). The provision reads: '(1) Extraordinary leave may be granted to a Government servant (other than a military officer) in special circumstances- (a) when no other leave is admissible: (b) when other leave is admissible, but the Government servant applies in writing for the grant of extraordinary leave'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 181,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who is not in permanent or quasi-permanent employ and who has completed one year's continuous service may be granted extraordinary leave on any one occasion, on a medical certificate, not exceeding:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"three months\",\r\n      \"six months\",\r\n      \"twelve months\",\r\n      \"eighteen months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 32(2)(b)<\/b> \u2014 six months where the Government servant 'has completed one year's continuous service on the date of expiry of leave of the kind due and admissible under these rules, including three months' extraordinary leave under Clause (a) and his request for such leave is supported by a medical certificate'. Without one year's service the limit under clause (a) is three months. Both ceilings may be exceeded only if the President otherwise determines.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 182,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Extraordinary leave up to eighteen months may be granted to a Government servant who has completed one year's continuous service and is undergoing treatment for all of the following EXCEPT:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Pulmonary Tuberculosis or Pleurisy of tubercular origin, in a recognised sanatorium\",\r\n      \"Leprosy, in a recognised leprosy institution\",\r\n      \"Cancer or mental illness, in an institution recognised for the treatment of such disease\",\r\n      \"an approved course of study certified to be in the public interest\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 32(2)(d)<\/b> confers the eighteen-month concession for tuberculosis and pleurisy of tubercular origin, tuberculosis of any other part of the body, leprosy, and cancer or mental illness. Studies in the public interest fall under a different clause and carry a different limit: <b>Rule 32(2)(e)<\/b> allows twenty-four months, provided three years' continuous service has been completed on the date of expiry of leave due and admissible. The provision reads: '(d) eighteen months, where the Government servant who has completed one year's continuous service is undergoing treatment for - (i) Pulmonary Tuberculosis or Pleurisy of tubercular origin, in a recognized sanatorium'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 183,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The concession of extraordinary leave up to eighteen months for Pulmonary Tuberculosis is also admissible to a Government servant who receives treatment at his residence under a Tuberculosis Specialist recognised as such by the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Director-General of Health Services\",\r\n      \"Medical Board of a Government Hospital\",\r\n      \"Head of the Department of the Government servant\",\r\n      \"State Administrative Medical Officer concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Note to Rule 32(2)(d)(i)<\/b> \u2014 the concession extends to treatment at residence under 'a Tuberculosis Specialist recognized as such by the State Administrative Medical Officer concerned', on a certificate that the Government servant is under his treatment and has reasonable chances of recovery on the expiry of the leave recommended. The Director-General of Health Services in option (a) appears elsewhere, in the second proviso to Rule 50(3)(ii) on study leave for Medical Officers.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 184,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Extraordinary leave for twenty-four months for the purpose of prosecuting studies certified to be in the public interest requires that the Government servant has completed continuous service of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"one year\",\r\n      \"two years\",\r\n      \"three years\",\r\n      \"five years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 32(2)(e)<\/b> \u2014 twenty-four months, 'provided the Government servant concerned has completed three years' continuous service on the date of expiry of leave of the kind due and admissible under these rules, including three months' extraordinary leave under Clause (a)'. Do not confuse this with study leave under Chapter VI, which requires five years' regular continuous service under Rule 50(5)(i).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 185,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where extraordinary leave is granted in relaxation of the limit prescribed for studies in the public interest, the Government servant is required to execute a bond in:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Form 6\",\r\n      \"Form 7\",\r\n      \"Form 8\",\r\n      \"Form 9\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 32(3)(a)<\/b> requires 'a Bond in Form 6 undertaking to refund to the Government the actual amount of expenditure incurred by the Government during such leave plus that incurred by any other agency with interest thereon', in the event of not returning to duty on expiry or quitting service within three years after return. Forms 7 to 10 are the study leave bonds under Rule 53(4).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 186,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The bond executed on the grant of extraordinary leave in relaxation of the study limit is required to be supported by sureties from:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"one permanent Government servant of any status whatsoever\",\r\n      \"a scheduled bank, by way of a guarantee for the amount involved\",\r\n      \"two Government servants, whether in permanent or temporary employ\",\r\n      \"two permanent Government servants having a status comparable to or higher than that of the Government servant\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 32(3)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'The Bond shall be supported by Sureties from two permanent Government servants having a status comparable to or higher than that of the Government servant.' Both elements are tested: the sureties must be two in number, and each must be permanent and of comparable or higher status. The refund obligation itself bites where the officer fails to return, or quits within three years after return to duty.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 187,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Government servants belonging to the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes may be granted extraordinary leave for attending a Pre-Examination Training Course, in relaxation of the prescribed limits, by the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"President\",\r\n      \"Union Public Service Commission\",\r\n      \"Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions\",\r\n      \"Head of Department\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 32(4)<\/b> \u2014 such Government servants 'may, for the purpose of attending the Pre-Examination Training Course at the centers notified by the Government from time to time, be granted extraordinary leave by Head of Department in relaxation of the provisions of sub-rule (2)'. The power is expressly devolved to the Head of Department, whereas the general power to exceed the sub-rule (2) limits rests with the President.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 188,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Two spells of extraordinary leave, if intervened by any other kind of leave, shall be treated as:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"two separate spells for the purpose of the prescribed limits\",\r\n      \"one spell only if the intervening leave is extraordinary leave\",\r\n      \"one spell only if the intervening leave does not exceed thirty days\",\r\n      \"one continuous spell of extraordinary leave for the purpose of the prescribed limits\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 32(5)<\/b> \u2014 'Two spells of extraordinary leave, if intervened by any other kind of leave, shall be treated as one continuous spell of extraordinary leave for the purposes of sub-rule (2).' The provision is anti-avoidance: without it, a temporary Government servant could evade the three-month or six-month ceiling simply by interposing a short spell of some other leave between two spells of extraordinary leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 189,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The authority competent to grant leave may commute retrospectively periods of absence without leave into:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"earned leave\",\r\n      \"half pay leave\",\r\n      \"extraordinary leave\",\r\n      \"leave not due\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 32(6)<\/b> \u2014 'The authority competent to grant leave may commute retrospectively periods of absence without leave into extraordinary leave.' This is the principal route for regularising unauthorised absence, and it dovetails with <b>Rule 25(1)<\/b>, under which absence after the expiry of leave is debited as half pay leave to the extent due, any excess being treated as extraordinary leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 190,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A probationer is entitled to leave under the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 if he:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"has completed one year of probation\",\r\n      \"has been declared quasi-permanent\",\r\n      \"holds a lien on any permanent post\",\r\n      \"had held his post substantively otherwise than on probation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 33(1)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'A probationer shall be entitled to leave under these rules if he had held his post substantively otherwise than on probation.' Rule 33(2) deals with the different case of a person appointed to a post on probation, who is entitled to leave as a temporary or a permanent Government servant according as his appointment is against a temporary or a permanent post.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 191,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where it is proposed to terminate the services of a probationer, any leave granted to him shall not extend beyond:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"three months from the date of the proposal to terminate his services on probation\",\r\n      \"the end of the calendar year in which the proposal to terminate his services is made\",\r\n      \"the date on which he completes one year of continuous service on probation\",\r\n      \"the date on which the probationary period as already sanctioned or extended expires, or any earlier date of termination\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 33(1)(b)<\/b> \u2014 the leave shall not extend beyond 'the date on which the probationary period as already sanctioned or extended expires', or beyond any earlier date on which his services are terminated by the orders of an authority competent to appoint him. Leave cannot therefore be used to extend the tenure of a probationer whose services are to be dispensed with.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 192,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An apprentice is entitled to leave on medical certificate, on leave salary equivalent to half pay, for a period not exceeding:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"one month in any year of apprenticeship\",\r\n      \"two months in any year of apprenticeship\",\r\n      \"three months in any year of apprenticeship\",\r\n      \"one month during the entire apprenticeship\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 33(3)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'leave, on medical certificate, on leave salary equivalent to half pay for a period not exceeding one month in any year of apprenticeship'. Clause (b) adds the second entitlement, extraordinary leave under Rule 32. Note that an apprentice is nevertheless expressly included in the special kinds of leave in Chapter V, for instance maternity leave under Rule 43(1) and paternity leave under Rule 43-A(1).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 193,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of a person re-employed after retirement, the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 apply as if he had entered Government service for the first time on the date of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"his original appointment\",\r\n      \"his retirement\",\r\n      \"his re-employment\",\r\n      \"confirmation in the re-employed post\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 34<\/b> \u2014 the rules apply 'as if he had entered Government service for the first time on the date of his re-employment'. The leave slate is thus wiped clean. The exception is <b>Rule 9(4)<\/b>: a Government servant who retired on compensation or invalid pension or gratuity and is re-employed with his past service counting for pension is entitled to count that former service towards leave as well.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 194,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Leave preparatory to retirement may be permitted to the extent of earned leave due, not exceeding 300 days, together with half pay leave due, subject to the condition that such leave:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"commences within one year of the date of retirement\",\r\n      \"extends up to and includes the date of retirement\",\r\n      \"does not exceed six months in the aggregate\",\r\n      \"is applied for at least three months in advance\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 38(1)<\/b> \u2014 the leave is granted 'subject to the condition that such leave extends up to and includes the date of retirement'. It is by definition the last spell of service. The 300-day figure replaced 240 days vide DoPT Notification No. 13026\/1\/2002-Estt.(L) dated 15\/16.01.2004.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 195,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The leave granted as leave preparatory to retirement shall not include:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"half pay leave\",\r\n      \"commuted leave\",\r\n      \"extraordinary leave\",\r\n      \"leave on medical certificate\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Note to Rule 38(1)<\/b> \u2014 'The leave granted as leave preparatory to retirement shall not include extraordinary leave.' The exclusion follows from the nature of the two provisions: extraordinary leave carries no leave salary at all under Rule 40(5), whereas leave preparatory to retirement is composed of earned leave and half pay leave actually due. Leave not due is separately barred by the opening words of Rule 31(1).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 196,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant on foreign service under a body wholly or substantially owned or controlled by Government applies for leave preparatory to retirement, the decision to grant or refuse such leave is taken by the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"lending authority under the Central Government alone\",\r\n      \"Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions\",\r\n      \"foreign employer alone, without reference to any other authority\",\r\n      \"foreign employer, with the concurrence of the lending authority under the Central Government\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 38(2)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'the decision to grant or refuse such leave shall be taken by foreign employer with the concurrence of the lending authority under Central Government'. Clause (b) adds that the Government servant on foreign service is also to be allowed to encash earned leave at his credit on the date of retirement in the manner provided in Rule 39(2).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 197,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant is on foreign service under a local body other than one wholly or substantially owned or controlled by Government, leave preparatory to retirement is admissible to him only when he:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"obtains the prior sanction of the President\",\r\n      \"reverts to his parent department\",\r\n      \"completes one year of foreign service\",\r\n      \"quits duty under the foreign employer\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 38(3)<\/b> \u2014 such leave 'shall be admissible to him only when he quits duty under the foreign employer'. The proviso adds a further consequence: where the Government servant continues in service under such foreign employer, he 'shall not be eligible for grant of cash payment in lieu of leave under Rule 39'. The distinction turns on the character of the foreign employer.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 198,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant may be permitted to encash earned leave at the time of availing Leave Travel Concession while in service, up to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"five days at a time\",\r\n      \"ten days at a time\",\r\n      \"fifteen days at a time\",\r\n      \"thirty days at a time\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 38-A(1)<\/b>, inserted vide DoPT Notification No. 14028\/1\/2010-Estt.(L) dated 26.08.2011 \u2014 encashment of earned leave 'up to ten days at the time of availing of Leave Travel Concession while in service'. Two conditions attach: a balance of at least thirty days of earned leave must remain at credit after the encashment and the leave being availed, and the total so encashed must not exceed sixty days in the entire career.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 199,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Encashment of earned leave at the time of availing Leave Travel Concession is subject to the condition that a balance of earned leave remaining at credit, after taking into account the period of encashment as well as the leave being availed of, is at least:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"fifteen days\",\r\n      \"thirty days\",\r\n      \"sixty days\",\r\n      \"ninety days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 38-A(1)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'a balance of at least thirty days of earned leave is available to his credit after taking into account the period of encashment as well as leave being availed of'. Clause (b) imposes the separate career ceiling of sixty days in the aggregate. Sixty days therefore answers a different question, namely the lifetime limit, and is the standard distractor here.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 200,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The total earned leave encashed in connection with Leave Travel Concession during the entire career of a Government servant shall not exceed:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"thirty days\",\r\n      \"sixty days\",\r\n      \"one hundred and fifty days\",\r\n      \"three hundred days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 38-A(1)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'the total leave so encashed during the entire career does not exceed sixty days in the aggregate'. Where both husband and wife are Government servants, each retains the facility subject to sixty days over the career. The 150-day and 300-day figures belong to Rule 39(6)(a)(ii) and Rule 39(2)(a) respectively, on cessation of service.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 201,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In computing the cash equivalent for encashment of earned leave along with Leave Travel Concession:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"House Rent Allowance is included\",\r\n      \"only House Rent Allowance and Dearness Allowance are included\",\r\n      \"House Rent Allowance is included at half the admissible rate\",\r\n      \"no House Rent Allowance is included\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 38-A(3)<\/b> \u2014 'No House Rent Allowance shall be included in the cash equivalent calculated under sub-rule (2).' The formula in sub-rule (2) is pay admissible on the date of availing the Leave Travel Concession plus dearness allowance admissible on that date, divided by 30, multiplied by the number of days of earned leave subject to a maximum of ten days at one time.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 202,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The period of earned leave encashed along with Leave Travel Concession while in service:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"shall be deducted from the quantum of leave otherwise encashable on retirement\",\r\n      \"shall be deducted from the half pay leave account\",\r\n      \"shall be deducted only if it exceeds thirty days in the aggregate\",\r\n      \"shall not be deducted from the quantum of leave otherwise encashable\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 38-A(4)<\/b> \u2014 'The period of earned leave encashed shall not be deducted from the quantum of leave that can normally be encashed by the Government servant under Rules 6, 39, 39-A, 39-B, 39-C and 39-D.' The two entitlements are therefore kept entirely separate, which is why the ten-day facility does not erode the 300-day ceiling available at retirement.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 203,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant who has encashed earned leave fails to avail the Leave Travel Concession within the prescribed time, he is required to refund the entire amount so encashed, together with interest at:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the rate of interest allowed by the Government on Provident Fund balances\",\r\n      \"the prevailing bank rate notified by the Reserve Bank of India\",\r\n      \"the rates for the time being in force on Government loans\",\r\n      \"two per cent above the rate of interest allowed by the Government as applicable to Provident Fund balances\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 38-A(5)<\/b> \u2014 refund is required 'along with interest at the rate of two per cent above the rate of interest allowed by the Government as applicable to Provident Fund balances', and he is also 'entitled for credit back of leave so debited for leave encashment'. The rate applicable to Government loans in option (c) belongs to Rule 63(1)(ii), on refunds after study leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 204,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant retires on attaining the normal age prescribed for retirement, the order granting the cash equivalent of leave salary is issued by the authority competent to grant leave:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"on an application made by the Government servant\",\r\n      \"with the prior concurrence of the Accounts Officer\",\r\n      \"on the recommendation of the Head of the Department\",\r\n      \"suo motu\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 39(2)(a)<\/b> \u2014 the authority 'shall, suo motu, issue an order granting cash equivalent of leave salary for both earned leave and half pay leave, if any, at the credit of the Government servant on the date of his retirement subject to a maximum of 300 days'. No application is needed. The same suo motu formulation appears in Rules 6, 39-B(1), 39-D and in each limb of Rule 39(6)(a).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 205,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The overall limit for encashment of leave on retirement, including both earned leave and half pay leave, shall not exceed:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"240 days\",\r\n      \"300 days\",\r\n      \"360 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Note to Rule 39(2)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'The overall limit for encashment of leave including both earned leave and half pay leave shall not exceed 300 days.' The cash equivalent is payable in one lump sum as a one-time settlement. The provision in its present form was substituted vide DoPT Notification No. 11012\/1\/2009-Estt.(L) dated 01.12.2009, giving effect to the Sixth Central Pay Commission.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 206,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"To make up a shortfall in earned leave for the purpose of encashment on retirement, commutation of half pay leave is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"permissible up to 180 days\",\r\n      \"permissible up to 300 days\",\r\n      \"not permissible\",\r\n      \"permissible only with the sanction of the President\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 39(2)(c)<\/b> \u2014 'To make up the shortfall in earned leave, no commutation of half pay leave shall be permissible.' Before the amendment of 01.12.2009 such commutation was allowed; the Sixth Central Pay Commission scheme replaced it by making earned leave and half pay leave separately encashable within a common ceiling of 300 days. Papers set before and after that date therefore call for opposite answers.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 207,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The authority competent to grant leave may withhold the whole or part of the cash equivalent of earned leave in the case of a Government servant who retires on attaining the age of retirement while:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"on leave preparatory to retirement at the time of his retirement\",\r\n      \"under suspension, or while disciplinary or criminal proceedings are pending against him\",\r\n      \"on foreign service under a Public Sector Undertaking\",\r\n      \"holding additional charge of another post at the time\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 39(3)<\/b> permits withholding where the authority takes the view that 'there is a possibility of some money becoming recoverable from him on conclusion of the proceedings'. The safeguard for the employee is in the same sub-rule: on conclusion of the proceedings he becomes eligible to the amount withheld, after adjustment of Government dues, if any.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 208,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant resigns or quits service, he may be granted cash equivalent in respect of earned leave at his credit to the extent of half of such leave, subject to a maximum of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"120 days\",\r\n      \"150 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"300 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 39(6)(a)(ii)<\/b> \u2014 cash equivalent 'to the extent of half of such leave at his credit, subject to a maximum of 150 days'. Two restrictions operate together: only half the earned leave, and only up to 150 days. The figure replaced 120 days vide DoPT Notification No. 13026\/1\/99-Estt.(L) dated 18.04.2002. Half pay leave is not encashable at all on resignation.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 209,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who is re-employed after retirement may, on termination of his re-employment, be granted cash equivalent in respect of both earned leave and half pay leave subject to a maximum of 300 days:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"excluding the period for which encashment was allowed at the time of retirement\",\r\n      \"including the period for which encashment was allowed at the time of retirement\",\r\n      \"including only the earned leave encashed at the time of retirement\",\r\n      \"without reference to any earlier encashment\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 39(6)(a)(iii)<\/b> \u2014 the maximum of 300 days is 'including the period for which encashment was allowed at the time of retirement'. So an officer who encashed 260 days on superannuation can encash only 40 more on termination of re-employment. Under Rule 39(6)(b) the pay for this computation is the pay fixed in the re-employment scale before adjustment of pension and pension equivalent of other retirement benefits.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 210,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of a Government servant whose service has been extended in the interest of public service beyond the date of retirement, the cash equivalent after the expiry of the period of extension is subject to a maximum of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"240 days\",\r\n      \"300 days\",\r\n      \"360 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 39(4)(a)(ii)<\/b> \u2014 the cash equivalent covers earned leave and half pay leave at credit on the date of retirement, plus that earned during the extension reduced by what was availed during it, 'subject to a maximum of 300 days'. During the extension itself, Rule 39(4)(a)(i) permits the grant of earned leave subject to a maximum of 180 or 300 days as prescribed in Rule 26.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 211,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant dies while in service, the cash equivalent of leave salary for both earned leave and half pay leave at his credit, not exceeding 300 days, is paid to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"his family, in the manner specified in the rule dealing with payment in case of death\",\r\n      \"his legal heirs as determined by a succession certificate\",\r\n      \"the nominee for the purposes of the General Provident Fund\",\r\n      \"the person nominated in his service book for gratuity\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 39-A<\/b> \u2014 the amount 'shall be paid to his family in the manner specified in Rule 39-C'. The Note adds that the family is also entitled to payment of Dearness Allowance as per separate orders. Rule 39-C then prescribes the order of eligibility, beginning with the widow or, in the case of a female Government servant, the husband.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 212,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant not in permanent or quasi-permanent employ who is invalidated from service shall not be granted cash equivalent of leave salary in respect of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"earned leave standing at his credit\",\r\n      \"half pay leave standing at his credit\",\r\n      \"commuted leave availed by him\",\r\n      \"any leave whatsoever\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 39-B(2)<\/b> \u2014 such a Government servant 'shall not, however, be granted cash equivalent of leave salary in respect of half pay leave standing at his credit on the date of his invalidation from service'. Earned leave remains encashable under Rule 39-B(1), which allows the cash equivalent of both kinds subject to a maximum of 300 days for those who are in permanent or quasi-permanent employ.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 213,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where there is more than one surviving widow, the cash equivalent of leave salary is payable to the eldest surviving widow, an expression which is to be construed with reference to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the ages of the surviving widows\",\r\n      \"the dates of the marriages of the surviving widows\",\r\n      \"the number of children of each widow\",\r\n      \"the nomination made by the deceased Government servant\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Explanation to Rule 39-C(i)<\/b> \u2014 'The expression eldest surviving widow shall be construed with reference to the seniority according to the date of the marriage of the surviving widows and not with reference to their ages.' Seniority of marriage, not age, therefore decides. Where the deceased was a female Government servant, the amount is payable to the husband.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 214,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Under the order of eligibility for payment of the cash equivalent of leave salary on the death of a Government servant, the father ranks:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"immediately after the widow or husband\",\r\n      \"immediately after the eldest surviving widowed daughter\",\r\n      \"immediately after the mother\",\r\n      \"immediately after the eldest surviving married daughter\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 39-C<\/b> sets the order: widow or husband; eldest surviving son or adopted son; eldest surviving unmarried daughter; eldest surviving widowed daughter; father; mother; eldest surviving married daughter; eldest surviving brother below eighteen; eldest surviving unmarried sister; eldest surviving widowed sister; and eldest child of the eldest pre-deceased son. The father therefore comes fifth, immediately after the eldest surviving widowed daughter and immediately before the mother. The provision reads: '(v) failing (i) to (iv) above, to the father; (vi) failing (i) to (v) above, to the mother'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 215,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant permitted to be absorbed permanently in a Public Sector Undertaking or autonomous body is granted the cash equivalent of leave salary in respect of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"earned leave at his credit on the date of absorption, subject to a maximum of 300 days\",\r\n      \"earned leave and half pay leave at his credit, subject to a maximum of 300 days\",\r\n      \"half pay leave at his credit, subject to a maximum of 300 days\",\r\n      \"earned leave at his credit, subject to a maximum of 150 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 39-D<\/b> confines the benefit to 'earned leave at his credit on the date of absorption subject to a maximum of 300 days'. Half pay leave is excluded, which distinguishes this provision from Rules 39(2), 39-A and 39-B. The Note defines permanent absorption as appointment in such a body for which the Government servant applied through proper channel and from which he resigns Government service to take up that appointment.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 216,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who proceeds on earned leave is entitled to leave salary equal to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"half the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on leave\",\r\n      \"the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on earned leave\",\r\n      \"the average pay drawn during the preceding ten months\",\r\n      \"the pay drawn on the date of his last increment\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 40(1)<\/b> \u2014 leave salary 'equal to the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on earned leave'. The Note qualifies this for foreign service out of India: the pay he would have drawn if on duty in India is substituted for the pay actually drawn. The average-pay formula in option (c) has no place in these rules and belongs to earlier leave codes.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 217,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant on half pay leave or on leave not due is entitled to leave salary equal to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on leave\",\r\n      \"half the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on leave\",\r\n      \"one-fourth of the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on leave\",\r\n      \"no leave salary at all\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 40(3)<\/b> \u2014 such a Government servant 'is entitled to leave salary equal to half the amount specified in sub-rule (1)'. Half pay leave and leave not due are thus paid alike, which makes sense given that leave not due is debited against half pay leave to be earned later. The quarter rate in option (c) belongs to departmental leave under Rule 49(6)(a).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 218,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of a Government servant who is granted leave earned by him during a period of re-employment, the leave salary is based on the pay drawn by him:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"inclusive of pension and pension equivalent of other retirement benefits\",\r\n      \"exclusive of pension and pension equivalent of other retirement benefits\",\r\n      \"at the time of his original retirement\",\r\n      \"at the minimum of the scale of the re-employed post\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 40(7)(c)<\/b> \u2014 'the leave salary shall be based on the pay drawn by him exclusive of the pension and pension equivalent of other retirement benefits'. The same principle governs the computation of the cash equivalent on termination of re-employment under Rule 39(6)(b), where pay is taken as fixed in the re-employment scale before adjustment of pension.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 219,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of a person to whom the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948 applies, the leave salary payable during leave other than earned leave is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"paid in full, without any adjustment on account of that benefit\",\r\n      \"reduced by the amount of benefit payable under that Act for the corresponding period\",\r\n      \"reduced by half of the benefit payable under that Act\",\r\n      \"paid only after the benefit under that Act has been exhausted\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 40(8)<\/b> \u2014 such leave salary 'shall be reduced by the amount of benefit payable under the said Act for the corresponding period'. Earned leave is expressly outside the adjustment. Similar set-off provisions appear in the Note to Rule 43(2) for maternity leave, in Rule 47(3)(b) for seamen's sick leave, and in Rule 44(3) for WRIIL, which is adjusted against compensation under the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 220,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An advance in lieu of leave salary may be allowed to a Government servant proceeding on leave for a period not less than thirty days, up to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"half a month's pay and allowances admissible on that leave salary\",\r\n      \"a month's pay and allowances admissible on that leave salary\",\r\n      \"two months' pay and allowances admissible on that leave salary\",\r\n      \"the whole of the leave salary for the period of leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 42<\/b> \u2014 such a Government servant, 'including a Government servant on foreign service', may be allowed 'an advance in lieu of leave salary up to a month's pay and allowances admissible on that leave salary subject to deductions on account of Income Tax, Provident Fund, House Rent, Recovery of Advances, etc.' The minimum qualifying spell of leave is thirty days.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 221,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The leave salary payable to a Government servant shall be drawn:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"in rupees in India\",\r\n      \"in the currency of the country in which the leave is spent\",\r\n      \"in rupees, at the option of the Government servant, in India or abroad\",\r\n      \"in rupees in India, except in the case of leave spent outside India\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 41<\/b> \u2014 'The leave salary payable under these rules shall be drawn in rupees in India.' The rule admits of no exception, even where the leave is spent abroad under Rule 26(3), which permits earned leave beyond 180 days to a Group A or B officer provided it is spent outside India and the specified neighbouring countries.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 222,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding leave salary:\\n1. A Government servant on commuted leave is entitled to leave salary equal to that admissible on earned leave.\\n2. A Government servant on extraordinary leave is entitled to leave salary at half the rate.\\n3. Where a Government servant retires or resigns and the leave already availed is more than the credit due to him, necessary adjustment is made in respect of leave salary overdrawn.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 3 reproduce <b>Rules 40(4)<\/b> and <b>40(9)(a)<\/b>. Statement 2 is wrong: under <b>Rule 40(5)<\/b> 'A Government servant on extraordinary leave is not entitled to any leave salary.' The half rate applies to half pay leave and leave not due under Rule 40(3), and altering which kind of leave carries which rate is the standard way of making such a statement wrong.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 223,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Kind of leave)\\nA. Earned leave\\nB. Half pay leave\\nC. Commuted leave\\nD. Extraordinary leave\\nList-II (Leave salary)\\n1. No leave salary\\n2. Half the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on leave\\n3. The pay drawn immediately before proceeding on leave\\n4. The amount admissible on earned leave\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 40(1)<\/b> gives full pay on earned leave; <b>Rule 40(3)<\/b> half on half pay leave and leave not due; <b>Rule 40(4)<\/b> the amount admissible on earned leave for commuted leave, which is why the double debit in Rule 30(1)(d) is imposed; and <b>Rule 40(5)<\/b> no leave salary at all on extraordinary leave. The provision reads: 'A Government servant on commuted leave is entitled to leave salary equal to the amount admissible under sub-rule (1)'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 224,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Event)\\nA. Retirement on attaining the normal age\\nB. Resignation from service\\nC. Permanent absorption in a Public Sector Undertaking\\nD. Termination of re-employment after retirement\\nList-II (Cash equivalent admissible)\\n1. Earned leave only, subject to 300 days\\n2. Earned leave and half pay leave, subject to 300 days\\n3. Earned leave and half pay leave, subject to 300 days including the encashment allowed at retirement\\n4. Half of the earned leave at credit, subject to 150 days\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3\",\r\n      \"A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 39(2)(a)<\/b> gives earned leave and half pay leave subject to 300 days on normal retirement; <b>Rule 39(6)(a)(ii)<\/b> gives half the earned leave subject to 150 days on resignation; <b>Rule 39-D<\/b> gives earned leave only, subject to 300 days, on permanent absorption, half pay leave being excluded; and <b>Rule 39(6)(a)(iii)<\/b> applies the 300-day ceiling on termination of re-employment 'including the period for which encashment was allowed at the time of retirement'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 225,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Arrange the following in the correct sequence, in ascending order of the maximum period admissible:\\n1. Extraordinary leave to a Government servant not in permanent employ who has not completed one year's continuous service\\n2. Extraordinary leave for treatment of leprosy in a recognised leprosy institution\\n3. Extraordinary leave for prosecuting studies certified to be in the public interest\\n4. Extraordinary leave to a Government servant not in permanent employ who has completed one year's continuous service, supported by a medical certificate\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 4, 2, 3\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 4, 3\",\r\n      \"4, 1, 2, 3\",\r\n      \"1, 4, 3, 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 32(2)<\/b> arranges the slabs as three months under clause (a), six months under clause (b) where one year's continuous service is completed and a medical certificate is produced, eighteen months under clause (d) for leprosy and the other specified illnesses, and twenty-four months under clause (e) for studies in the public interest. The ascending order is therefore 3, 6, 18 and 24 months. The provision reads: '(b) six months where the Government servant has completed one year's continuous service on the date of expiry of leave of the kind due and admissible under these rules, including three months' extraordinary leave under Clause (a) and his request for such leave is supported by a medical certificate as required by these rules'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 226,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following are correct?\\n1. Leave not due may be granted as leave preparatory to retirement.\\n2. Commuted leave may be granted without a medical certificate for an approved course of study in the public interest.\\n3. Extraordinary leave may be granted when other leave is admissible, if the Government servant applies in writing.\\n4. Half pay leave may be granted on private affairs.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Only one\",\r\n      \"Only two\",\r\n      \"Only three\",\r\n      \"All four\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 2, 3 and 4 are correct, resting on <b>Rules 30(1-A)<\/b>, <b>32(1)(b)<\/b> and <b>29(4)<\/b>. Statement 1 is wrong: <b>Rule 31(1)<\/b> opens with the words 'Save in the case of leave preparatory to retirement', so leave not due is expressly unavailable for that purpose. The reason is structural, since leave not due is repaid out of half pay leave earned after return to duty, and an officer proceeding on leave preparatory to retirement will never return.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 227,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. Earned leave may be accumulated up to a maximum of 300 days.\\n2. The maximum earned leave that may be granted at a time to a Government servant employed in India is 180 days.\\n3. Earned leave exceeding 180 days but not exceeding 300 days may be granted to a Government servant in Class I or Class II service if the leave is spent outside India and certain specified countries.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"All three are correct, resting on <b>Rules 26(1)(b)<\/b>, <b>26(2)(i)<\/b> and <b>26(3)<\/b> respectively. The distinction between the accumulation ceiling and the amount grantable at a time is the point most often missed: 300 days is what may stand at credit, while 180 days is what may ordinarily be taken in one spell within India. The provision reads: 'the maximum earned leave that may be granted at a time shall be - (i) 180 days in the case of any Government servant employed in India'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 228,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 4: KINDS OF LEAVE DUE AND ADMISSIBLE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"All of the following are correct statements regarding leave not due EXCEPT:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"it may be granted only on a medical certificate to a Government servant in permanent or quasi-permanent employ\",\r\n      \"it is limited to the half pay leave the Government servant is likely to earn thereafter\",\r\n      \"it is debited against the earned leave the Government servant may earn subsequently\",\r\n      \"the authority competent to grant leave must be satisfied that there is a reasonable prospect of return to duty\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 31(1)(c)<\/b> debits leave not due against the HALF PAY LEAVE the Government servant may earn subsequently, not earned leave, so option (c) is the incorrect statement. Options (a), (b) and (d) restate the opening words of Rule 31(1) and clauses (b) and (a) respectively. Leave not due is separately available to certain temporary Government servants under Rule 31(1-A). The provision reads: '(c) Leave Not Due shall be debited against the half pay leave the Government servant may earn subsequently'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 229,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Maternity leave may be granted to a female Government servant with less than two surviving children for a period of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"135 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"240 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43(1)<\/b> \u2014 maternity leave 'for a period of 180 days from the date of its commencement'. The figure of 135 days in option (b) was the earlier entitlement, substituted by 180 days vide DoPT Notification No. 11012\/1\/2009-Estt.(L) dated 01.12.2009. An apprentice is expressly included within the rule, though apprentices are otherwise confined to the limited entitlements in Rule 33(3).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 230,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"During the period of maternity leave, a female Government servant is paid leave salary equal to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on leave\",\r\n      \"half the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on leave\",\r\n      \"eighty per cent of the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on leave\",\r\n      \"the pay admissible on half pay leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43(2)<\/b> \u2014 'she shall be paid leave salary equal to the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on leave'. The Note qualifies this where the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948 applies: the leave salary is reduced by the amount of benefit payable under that Act for the corresponding period. The eighty per cent rate in option (c) belongs to child care leave under Rule 43-C(4), for the second year.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 231,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Maternity leave in the case of miscarriage, including abortion, may be granted during the entire service for a period not exceeding:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"30 days\",\r\n      \"45 days\",\r\n      \"60 days\",\r\n      \"90 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43(3)<\/b>, inserted vide DoPT Notification No. 13018\/7\/94-Estt.(L) dated 31.03.1995 \u2014 maternity leave 'Maternity leave not exceeding 45 days may also be granted to a female Government servant (irrespective of the number of surviving children) during the entire service' on production of a medical certificate as laid down in Rule 19. Two features distinguish it from sub-rule (1): it is available irrespective of the number of surviving children, and the ceiling runs across the whole service rather than per occasion.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 232,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The grant of maternity leave in the case of miscarriage, including abortion, is available to a female Government servant:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"irrespective of the number of surviving children\",\r\n      \"only if she has less than two surviving children\",\r\n      \"only if she has no surviving child\",\r\n      \"only once during her entire service\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43(3)<\/b> extends the concession to a female Government servant 'irrespective of the number of surviving children'. The two-child condition governs only sub-rule (1). Nor is the concession confined to a single occasion: the 45-day limit is an aggregate ceiling for the entire service, and by the proviso, maternity leave granted and availed before the commencement of the CCS (Leave) Amendment Rules, 1995 is left out of account.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 233,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Leave of the kind due and admissible, including commuted leave not exceeding 60 days and leave not due, may be granted in continuation of maternity leave up to a maximum of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"six months\",\r\n      \"one year\",\r\n      \"two years\",\r\n      \"three years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43(4)(b)<\/b> permits such leave 'up to a maximum of two year', notwithstanding the requirement of a medical certificate in Rule 30(1) or Rule 31(1). The corresponding limits elsewhere are shorter: one year in continuation of child care leave under Rule 43-C(6), and one year reduced by the age of the adopted child in continuation of child adoption leave under Rule 43-B(3)(b).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 234,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Maternity leave is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"debited against the earned leave account\",\r\n      \"debited against the half pay leave account\",\r\n      \"debited against the leave account only where it exceeds 90 days\",\r\n      \"not debited against the leave account\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43(5)<\/b> \u2014 'Maternity leave shall not be debited against the leave account.' The same treatment applies to paternity leave under Rule 43-A(4), paternity leave for child adoption under Rule 43-AA(4), child adoption leave under Rule 43-B(4), child care leave under Rule 43-C(7) and special leave connected to an inquiry of sexual harassment under Rule 48.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 235,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of surrogacy, maternity leave of 180 days may be granted to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the surrogate mother only, provided that she is herself a Government servant at the time\",\r\n      \"the commissioning mother only, provided that she is herself a Government servant at the time\",\r\n      \"neither of them, surrogacy being altogether outside the scope of maternity leave\",\r\n      \"the surrogate as well as the commissioning mother with less than two surviving children, if either or both are Government servants\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43(6)<\/b>, inserted vide DoPT Notification No. A-24011\/21\/2023-ESTT-Leave dated 18.06.2024 \u2014 'the surrogate, as well as the commissioning mother with less than two surviving children, may be granted maternity leave of 180 days, in case either or both of them are Government servants'. Note 2 defines the surrogate mother as the woman who bears the child on behalf of the commissioning mother.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 236,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Paternity leave may be granted to a male Government servant with less than two surviving children, during the confinement of his wife for childbirth, for a period of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"10 days\",\r\n      \"15 days\",\r\n      \"20 days\",\r\n      \"30 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-A(1)<\/b>, inserted vide DoPT Notification No. 13026\/1\/99-Estt.(L) dated 18.04.2002 \u2014 paternity leave 'for a period of 15 days'. The same 15-day quantum applies to paternity leave for child adoption under Rule 43-AA(1), and to a commissioning father in a surrogacy case under Rule 43-A(6). An apprentice is expressly included.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 237,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Paternity leave during the confinement of the wife for childbirth may be availed:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"up to 15 days before, or up to six months from, the date of delivery of the child\",\r\n      \"only after the date of delivery of the child\",\r\n      \"up to one month before, or up to three months from, the date of delivery\",\r\n      \"at any time during the year of the birth of the child\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-A(1)<\/b> fixes the window as 'up to 15 days before, or up to six months from the date of delivery of the child'. The consequence of missing it is in sub-rule (5): 'If Paternity Leave is not availed of within the period specified in sub-rule (1), such leave shall be treated as lapsed.' The Note adds that paternity leave shall not normally be refused under any circumstances.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 238,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where paternity leave is not availed of within the period specified, such leave shall be:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"treated as lapsed\",\r\n      \"carried forward to the next confinement\",\r\n      \"converted into earned leave\",\r\n      \"debited against the leave account\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-A(5)<\/b> \u2014 'such leave shall be treated as lapsed'. The identical provision governs paternity leave for child adoption under Rule 43-AA(5). Lapse rather than conversion follows from the character of the leave: it is not debited to the leave account under sub-rule (4), so there is no account into which an unavailed balance could be returned.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 239,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of a child begotten through surrogacy, the commissioning father who is a male Government servant with less than two surviving children may be granted paternity leave of 15 days within a period of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"three months from the date of delivery of the child\",\r\n      \"six months from the date of the surrogacy agreement\",\r\n      \"one year from the date of delivery of the child\",\r\n      \"six months from the date of delivery of the child\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-A(6)<\/b>, inserted vide DoPT Notification No. A-24011\/21\/2023-ESTT-Leave dated 18.06.2024 \u2014 paternity leave of 15 days 'within the period of 6 months from the date of delivery of the child'. Note 3 defines the commissioning father as the intending father of the child born through surrogacy. Unlike sub-rule (1), there is no facility to take the leave before delivery.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 240,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Paternity Leave for Child Adoption may be granted to a male Government servant with less than two surviving children, on accepting a child in pre-adoption foster care or on valid adoption of a child below the age of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"six months\",\r\n      \"one year\",\r\n      \"three years\",\r\n      \"five years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-AA(1)<\/b> \u2014 the child must be 'below the age of one year'. The same age condition governs child adoption leave for a female Government servant under Rule 43-B(1). The leave of 15 days must be availed within six months from the date of accepting the child in pre-adoption foster care or of valid adoption, as the case may be.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 241,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where pre-adoption foster care is not followed by valid adoption of the child, the Paternity Leave for Child Adoption already availed shall be:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"recovered in cash from the Government servant\",\r\n      \"allowed to stand without any adjustment\",\r\n      \"treated as extraordinary leave\",\r\n      \"debited from any other kind of leave available to his credit\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 43-AA(1)<\/b> \u2014 'the Paternity Leave already availed shall be debited from any other kind of leave available to the credit of such male Government Servant'. The identical proviso applies to child adoption leave under Rule 43-B(1). The concession is therefore conditional on the adoption maturing, but the adjustment is made in leave, not in money.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 242,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"For the purposes of paternity leave for child adoption and child adoption leave, a child taken as ward by a Government servant is included, provided that the ward lives with him, is treated as a member of the family, and the Government servant has:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"obtained the sanction of the Head of the Department\",\r\n      \"declared the ward as a dependant for medical attendance purposes\",\r\n      \"registered the guardianship with the appointing authority\",\r\n      \"conferred upon that ward, through a special will, the same status as that of a natural born child\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Note 2 to Rule 43-AA<\/b> and the <b>Note to Rule 43-B<\/b>, both inserted vide DoPT Notification No. 13026\/5\/2011-Estt.(L) dated 04.04.2012, require that the Government servant 'has, through a special will, conferred upon that ward the same status as that of a natural born child'. The ward must be taken under the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890 or the personal law applicable to that Government servant.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 243,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Child adoption leave may be granted to a female Government servant with fewer than two surviving children for a period of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"135 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"one year\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-B(1)<\/b>, inserted vide DoPT Notification No. 13018\/4\/2004-Estt.(L) dated 31.03.2006 \u2014 child adoption leave 'for a period of 180 days, immediately after accepting the child in pre-adoption foster care or on valid adoption'. The quantum matches maternity leave under Rule 43(1). The period of one year in option (d) belongs to Rule 43-B(3)(b), which governs the further leave grantable in continuation.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 244,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In continuation of child adoption leave, a female Government servant on valid adoption of a child may be granted leave of the kind due and admissible for a period up to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"one year, without reference to the age of the adopted child\",\r\n      \"one year reduced by the age of the adopted child on the date of valid adoption\",\r\n      \"two years reduced by the age of the adopted child on that date\",\r\n      \"six months from the date of the valid adoption of the child\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-B(3)(b)<\/b> \u2014 the further leave, including leave not due and commuted leave not exceeding 60 days without a medical certificate, may be granted 'for a period up to one year reduced by the age of the adopted child on the date of valid adoption, without taking into account child adoption leave'. The proviso withholds the facility where she already has two surviving children at the time of adoption.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 245,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding child adoption leave:\\n1. It may be combined with leave of any other kind.\\n2. During the period of such leave the female Government servant is paid leave salary equal to the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on leave.\\n3. It is debited against the earned leave account.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 reproduce <b>Rules 43-B(3)(a)<\/b> and <b>43-B(2)<\/b>. Statement 3 is wrong: <b>Rule 43-B(4)<\/b> provides that 'Child adoption leave shall not be debited against the leave account'. Reversing the debit clause is the standard way of making one statement wrong in a set of this kind, and the same trap is available for maternity, paternity and child care leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 246,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Child care leave may be granted for a maximum period during the entire service of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"365 days\",\r\n      \"540 days\",\r\n      \"730 days\",\r\n      \"one year for each child\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-C(1)<\/b> \u2014 child care leave may be granted 'for a maximum period of seven hundred and thirty days during entire service for taking care of two eldest surviving children, whether for rearing or for looking after any of their needs, such as education, sickness and the like'. The ceiling is for the whole service and for the two eldest surviving children together, not per child.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 247,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Child care leave may be granted to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"a female Government servant only\",\r\n      \"a female Government servant and any male Government servant whose wife is not employed\",\r\n      \"any Government servant with fewer than two surviving children\",\r\n      \"a female Government servant and a single male Government servant\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-C(1)<\/b>, as substituted vide DoPT Notification No. 11020\/01\/2017-Estt.(L) dated 11.12.2018, extends the leave to 'a female Government servant and single male Government servant'. The Explanation to sub-rule (4) defines a single male Government servant as 'an unmarried or widower or divorcee Government servant'. Employment status of the wife is irrelevant, which disposes of option (b).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 248,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"For the purposes of child care leave, 'child' means a child below the age of eighteen years, or an offspring of any age with a minimum disability of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"twenty per cent\",\r\n      \"forty per cent\",\r\n      \"fifty per cent\",\r\n      \"seventy-five per cent\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-C(2)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'an offspring of any age with a minimum disability of forty per cent as specified in the Government of India in Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment's Notification No. 16-18\/97-N 1.1, dated the 1st June, 2001'. The age bar of eighteen years in clause (a) is therefore lifted altogether where the disability threshold is met.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 249,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Child care leave shall not ordinarily be granted for more than:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"two spells in a calendar year\",\r\n      \"three spells in a calendar year\",\r\n      \"four spells in a calendar year\",\r\n      \"six spells in a calendar year\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-C(3)(i)<\/b> \u2014 'it shall not be granted for more than three spells in a calendar year'. Two relaxations exist. Under clause (ii), a single female Government servant gets six spells in a calendar year. And by DoPT OM No. A-24011\/5\/2024-ESTT-Leave dated 29.07.2024, leave sanctioning authorities may relax up to three further spells where the child is admitted to hospital as an inpatient.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 250,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of a single female Government servant, the grant of child care leave in a calendar year is extended to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"four spells\",\r\n      \"five spells\",\r\n      \"six spells\",\r\n      \"an unlimited number of spells\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-C(3)(ii)<\/b> \u2014 'in case of a single female Government servant, the grant of leave in three spells in a calendar year shall be extended to six spells in a calendar year'. The concession is confined to single female Government servants; a single male Government servant, though eligible for child care leave itself under sub-rule (1), remains subject to the ordinary limit of three spells.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 251,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Child care leave may not be granted for a period less than:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"three days at a time\",\r\n      \"five days at a time\",\r\n      \"ten days at a time\",\r\n      \"fifteen days at a time\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-C(3)(iv)<\/b> \u2014 'child care leave may not be granted for a period less than five days at a time'. The minimum spell was fifteen days until DoPT Notification No. 11020\/01\/2017-Estt.(L) dated 11.12.2018 reduced it to five. Question papers set before that amendment therefore treat fifteen days as correct, and papers set after it use fifteen days as the incorrect option.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 252,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Child care leave shall not ordinarily be granted during the probation period, except in certain extreme situations where the leave sanctioning authority is satisfied about the need, provided that:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the period for which such leave is sanctioned is minimal\",\r\n      \"the probation period is correspondingly extended\",\r\n      \"the leave is limited to one spell\",\r\n      \"the prior approval of the Head of the Department is obtained\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-C(3)(iii)<\/b> \u2014 the exception operates 'provided that the period for which such leave is sanctioned is minimal'. No extension of probation, no cap on spells and no higher approval is prescribed by the rule. The restraint reflects the purpose of probation, which is to assess suitability through actual performance of duty.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 253,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"During the period of child care leave, the salary payable is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"one hundred per cent for the entire period of 730 days\",\r\n      \"one hundred per cent for the first 365 days and eighty per cent for the next 365 days\",\r\n      \"eighty per cent for the entire period of 730 days\",\r\n      \"one hundred per cent for the first 180 days and fifty per cent thereafter\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-C(4)<\/b> \u2014 a female Government servant and a single male Government servant 'shall be paid one hundred per cent of the salary for the first three hundred and sixty-five days, and at eighty per cent of the salary for the next three hundred and sixty-five days'. The tapering was introduced by the amendment of 11.12.2018, which also extended the leave to single male Government servants.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 254,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A 'single male Government servant' for the purposes of child care leave means a Government servant who is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"unmarried only\",\r\n      \"unmarried or widower\",\r\n      \"unmarried, widower, divorcee or judicially separated\",\r\n      \"unmarried or widower or divorcee\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Explanation to Rule 43-C(4)<\/b> \u2014 'Single Male Government servant means an unmarried or widower or divorcee Government servant.' The three categories are exhaustive, so judicial separation is not included. The definition matters twice over, since single status is the gateway to child care leave for a male Government servant under sub-rule (1).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 255,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Leave of the kind due and admissible, including commuted leave not exceeding sixty days and leave not due, may be granted in continuation of child care leave up to a maximum of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"six months\",\r\n      \"one year\",\r\n      \"two years\",\r\n      \"730 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-C(6)<\/b> permits such leave 'up to a maximum of one year', notwithstanding the requirement of a medical certificate in Rule 30(1) or Rule 31(1). The corresponding maximum in continuation of maternity leave under Rule 43(4)(b) is two years, which is the trap in option (c). The 730-day figure is the child care leave entitlement itself, not the leave grantable in continuation of it.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 256,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding child care leave:\\n1. It may be combined with leave of any other kind.\\n2. It shall not be debited against the leave account.\\n3. In the case of surrogacy, the commissioning mother with less than two surviving children may be granted such leave.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"All three are correct. <b>Rule 43-C(5)<\/b> permits combination with leave of any other kind; <b>Rule 43-C(7)<\/b> provides that it shall not be debited against the leave account; and <b>Rule 43-C(8)<\/b>, inserted vide DoPT Notification No. A-24011\/21\/2023-ESTT-Leave dated 18.06.2024, extends it to a commissioning mother in a surrogacy case, Note 1 defining her as the intending mother of the child born through surrogacy. The provision reads: '(8) In case of surrogacy, the commissioning mother with less than two surviving children may be granted child care leave'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 257,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Work Related Illness and Injury Leave may be granted to a Government servant who suffers illness or injury that is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"attributable to or aggravated in the performance of his official duties or in consequence of his official position\",\r\n      \"attributable to the performance of his official duties only, and not merely aggravated by them\",\r\n      \"certified by a Medical Board in a Government Hospital to be permanently incapacitating\",\r\n      \"suffered while travelling on leave travel concession with the members of his family\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 44<\/b>, substituted vide DoPT Notification No. 11020\/01\/2017-Estt.(L) dated 11.12.2018, covers illness or injury 'that is attributable to or aggravated in the performance of her or his official duties or in consequence of her or his official position'. The leave is available to a Government servant 'whether permanent or temporary', subject to the medical certification provisions of Rule 19(1).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 258,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"During the entire period of hospitalisation on account of Work Related Illness and Injury, a Government servant is granted:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"full pay and allowances\",\r\n      \"full pay only\",\r\n      \"half pay\",\r\n      \"full pay for six months and half pay thereafter\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 44(1)<\/b> \u2014 'Full pay and allowances shall be granted to all employees during the entire period of hospitalization on account of WRILL.' There is no ceiling on the hospitalisation period itself. The graded treatment in option (d) applies only beyond hospitalisation, under Rule 44(2)(a), for a Government servant other than a military officer.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 259,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Beyond hospitalisation, a Government servant other than a military officer is entitled under Work Related Illness and Injury Leave to full pay and allowances for six months immediately following hospitalisation, and thereafter to half pay for:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"six months\",\r\n      \"twelve months\",\r\n      \"eighteen months\",\r\n      \"twenty-four months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 44(2)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'full pay and allowances for the six months immediately following hospitalisation and Half Pay for twelve months beyond the said period of six months'. The same clause allows that half pay period to be commuted to full pay, with a corresponding number of days of half pay leave debited from the employee's leave account. The twenty-four month figure belongs to clause (b), for officers of the Central Armed Police Forces.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 260,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Under Work Related Illness and Injury Leave, officers of the Central Armed Police Forces are entitled, beyond hospitalisation, to full pay and allowances for six months and thereafter to full pay only for:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"twelve months\",\r\n      \"eighteen months\",\r\n      \"twenty-four months\",\r\n      \"thirty-six months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 44(2)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'full pay and allowances for six months immediately following the hospitalization and full pay only for the next twenty-four months'. Contrast clause (c), under which personnel below the rank of officer of the Central Armed Police Forces receive full pay and allowances 'with no limit regarding period', and clause (a), which gives a civilian Government servant six months' full pay and twelve months' half pay.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 261,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Under Work Related Illness and Injury Leave, personnel below the rank of officer of the Central Armed Police Forces are entitled, beyond hospitalisation, to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"full pay and allowances for twenty-four months\",\r\n      \"full pay and allowances for thirty-six months\",\r\n      \"full pay and allowances, with no limit regarding the period\",\r\n      \"full pay for six months and half pay for twelve months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 44(2)(c)<\/b> \u2014 'full pay and allowances, with no limit regarding period'. This is the most generous of the three slabs, and the absence of any time limit is the point most often tested. Option (d) states the position for a civilian Government servant under clause (a), and twenty-four months in option (a) that for Central Armed Police Forces officers under clause (b).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 262,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"During the period that an employee is on Work Related Illness and Injury Leave:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"earned leave alone continues to be credited\",\r\n      \"half pay leave alone continues to be credited\",\r\n      \"no earned leave or half pay leave shall be credited\",\r\n      \"both earned leave and half pay leave continue to be credited at the normal rates\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 44(4)<\/b> \u2014 'No Earned Leave or Half Pay Leave shall be credited during the period that employee is on WRIIL.' The suspension of credit is the counterweight to the generous pay entitlements. Rule 44(3) supplies a further adjustment: where the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923 applies, the leave salary payable is reduced by the amount of compensation paid under that Act.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 263,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant serving as an officer, warrant officer or petty officer on a Government vessel who is undergoing medical treatment for sickness or injury may be granted leave on leave salary equal to full pay for a period not exceeding:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"four weeks\",\r\n      \"six weeks\",\r\n      \"three months\",\r\n      \"six months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 47(1)<\/b> \u2014 such leave may be granted 'on leave salary equal to full pay for a period not exceeding six weeks', whether the treatment is on his vessel or in hospital. The proviso withholds it where a Government Medical Officer certifies that the Government servant is malingering, or that his ill-health is due to drunkenness or similar self-indulgence, or to his own action in wilfully causing or aggravating disease or injury.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 264,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A seaman disabled in the exercise of his duty may be allowed leave on leave salary equal to full pay for a maximum period not exceeding:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"six weeks\",\r\n      \"two months\",\r\n      \"three months\",\r\n      \"six months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 47(2)<\/b> \u2014 a maximum of three months, subject to three cumulative conditions: a Government Medical Officer must certify the disability; the disability must not be due to the seaman's own carelessness or inexperience; and the vacancy caused by his absence must not be filled. The six-week period in option (a) applies to seamen's sick leave for ordinary sickness or injury under sub-rule (1). The provision reads: '(2) A seaman disabled in the exercise of his duty may be allowed leave on leave salary equal to full pay for a maximum period not exceeding three months, if the following conditions are fulfilled, namely:- (a) a Government Medical Officer must certify the disability'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 265,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following conditions for the grant of leave to a seaman disabled in the exercise of his duty:\\n1. A Government Medical Officer must certify the disability.\\n2. The disability must not be due to the seaman's own carelessness or inexperience.\\n3. The vacancy caused by his absence must not be filled.\\nWhich of the conditions given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 47(2)(a) to (c)<\/b> lays down all three conditions cumulatively. The third is unusual and is the one candidates doubt: the vacancy caused by his absence must not be filled, so that the concession is not available where the administration has already made a substantive arrangement in his place. Rule 47(3) separately adjusts the leave salary against benefits under the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923 and the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948. The provision reads: '(b) the disability must not be due to the seaman's own carelessness or inexperience' (c) the vacancy cause by his absence must not be filled'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 266,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Leave may be granted to an aggrieved female Government servant during the pendency of an inquiry under the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 for a period up to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"30 days\",\r\n      \"60 days\",\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 48<\/b>, inserted vide DoPT Notification No. 13026\/2\/2016-Estt.(L) dated 15.03.2017 \u2014 leave up to 90 days on the recommendation of the Internal Committee or the Local Committee, as the case may be. The rule closes with an important protection: such leave 'shall not be debited against the leave account' of the aggrieved female Government servant.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 267,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Special leave connected to an inquiry of sexual harassment is granted on the recommendation of the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Head of the Department in which she is for the time being working\",\r\n      \"Medical Authority specified for the purposes of these rules\",\r\n      \"Disciplinary Authority competent to impose a major penalty\",\r\n      \"Internal Committee or the Local Committee, as the case may be\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 48<\/b> vests the recommending function in 'on the recommendation of the Internal Committee or the Local Committee, as the case may be, during the pendency of inquiry', those being the bodies constituted under the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013. The leave-sanctioning authority acts on that recommendation; the Head of the Department has no independent role, and the leave is not debited against the leave account.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 268,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Departmental leave may be granted, in addition to leave due and admissible, only to Government servants:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"whose services are temporarily not required\",\r\n      \"who have completed one year of continuous service\",\r\n      \"who are in permanent employ\",\r\n      \"who are unlikely to be fit to return to duty\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 49(2)<\/b> \u2014 'In addition to leave due and admissible, departmental leave may be granted only to Government servants whose services are temporarily not required.' The class of eligible staff is fixed by sub-rule (1): certain Class III and Class IV Government servants in the Survey of India attached to Survey Parties with field and recess duties, and seasonal staff in the Posts and Telegraphs Department whose duties are limited to a fixed period each year.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 269,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant on departmental leave with leave salary is paid leave salary equal to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the amount admissible during earned leave\",\r\n      \"fifty per cent of the amount admissible during earned leave\",\r\n      \"twenty-five per cent of the amount admissible during earned leave\",\r\n      \"no leave salary at all\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 49(6)(a)<\/b>, as amended vide DoPT Notification No. 13012\/12\/86-Estt.(L) dated 25.03.1989 \u2014 leave salary 'equal to 25 per cent of the said salary admissible during the earned leave under sub-rule (1) of Rule 40'. No allowance other than Dearness Allowance is admissible on such leave salary. The quarter rate is unique to departmental leave; half pay leave and leave not due carry half under Rule 40(3).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 270,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Departmental leave with leave salary granted during the recess may, in special cases, be extended by the Surveyor-General or the Postmaster-General or the Director of Posts and Telegraphs up to a maximum of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"six months in all\",\r\n      \"one year in all\",\r\n      \"eighteen months in all\",\r\n      \"two years in all\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 49(3)(b)<\/b> \u2014 such leave 'Leave so granted may, in special cases, be extended by the Surveyor-General or the Postmaster-General or the Director of Posts and Telegraphs, as the case may be, up to a maximum of eighteen months in all'. The one-year figure in option (b) belongs to <b>Rule 49(4)(b)<\/b>, which governs departmental leave granted at times other than the recess by Directors in the Survey of India, initially for not more than six months at a time and extendable by the Surveyor-General up to one year in all.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 271,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Departmental leave granted at times other than the recess by Directors in the Survey of India is subject to the condition that the leave is granted:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"at the request of the Government servant himself, in writing\",\r\n      \"in the interests of Government and not at the request of the Government servant\",\r\n      \"only on production of a medical certificate in the prescribed Form\",\r\n      \"only during the field season of the Survey Party concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 49(4)(a)<\/b> \u2014 such leave may be granted for not more than six months at a time 'provided the leave is granted in the interests of Government and not at the request of the Government servant'. Clause (c) closes off the obvious route round it: 'Leave on medical certificate shall not be regarded as granted in the interest of Government', which also disposes of option (c).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 272,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding departmental leave:\\n1. It does not count as duty.\\n2. It may be granted when no leave is due.\\n3. It shall be debited to the leave account of the Government servant.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 follow from <b>Rule 49(7)<\/b> and <b>Rule 49(8)<\/b>. Statement 3 is wrong: the same sub-rule (7) provides that departmental leave 'shall not be debited to his leave account'. The Note to Rule 49(10) records that departmental leave with leave salary used to be debited to the leave account before 1st November, 1973, which is the origin of the debit balances that sub-rule (10) allows to be cancelled.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 273,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant on departmental leave with leave salary is paid that leave salary at the end of each month up to the first six months, and thereafter:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"at the end of each quarter\",\r\n      \"when the Government servant returns to duty\",\r\n      \"at the end of the recess\",\r\n      \"on the expiry of the departmental leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 49(6)(b)<\/b> \u2014 thereafter 'it shall be paid when the Government servant returns to duty'. The proviso protects the family: where a Government servant dies while on departmental leave, his leave salary up to the date of his death, or the last day of such leave with leave salary, whichever is earlier, shall be paid to his heirs.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 274,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Kind of leave)\\nA. Maternity leave\\nB. Paternity leave\\nC. Child adoption leave\\nD. Child care leave\\nList-II (Maximum period)\\n1. 15 days\\n2. 730 days during the entire service\\n3. 180 days immediately after acceptance of the child\\n4. 180 days from the date of commencement\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1\",\r\n      \"A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43(1)<\/b> gives 180 days of maternity leave from the date of its commencement; <b>Rule 43-A(1)<\/b> gives 15 days of paternity leave; <b>Rule 43-B(1)<\/b> gives 180 days of child adoption leave; and <b>Rule 43-C(1)<\/b> gives a maximum of 730 days of child care leave during the entire service. Note that the same 15-day quantum also governs paternity leave for child adoption under Rule 43-AA(1). The provision reads: 'A female Government servant, with fewer than two surviving children, on accepting a child in pre-adoption foster care or on valid adoption of a child below the age of one year, may be granted child adoption leave, by an authority competent to grant leave, for a period of 180 days'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 275,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Category)\\nA. A Government servant other than a military officer, beyond hospitalisation\\nB. An officer of the Central Armed Police Forces, beyond hospitalisation\\nC. Personnel below the rank of officer of the Central Armed Police Forces, beyond hospitalisation\\nD. All employees, during hospitalisation\\nList-II (Entitlement)\\n1. Full pay and allowances with no limit regarding the period\\n2. Full pay and allowances for six months, then full pay only for twenty-four months\\n3. Full pay and allowances for the entire period\\n4. Full pay and allowances for six months, then half pay for twelve months\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3\",\r\n      \"A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3\",\r\n      \"A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 44(1)<\/b> gives full pay and allowances to all employees for the entire period of hospitalisation, and <b>Rule 44(2)<\/b> then distinguishes three classes beyond hospitalisation: clause (a) six months' full pay and twelve months' half pay for a civilian Government servant, clause (b) six months' full pay and twenty-four months' full pay only for Central Armed Police Forces officers, and clause (c) full pay and allowances without limit for personnel below officer rank. The provision reads: '(c) For personnel below the rank of officer of the Central Armed Police Forces \u2014 full pay and allowances, with no limit regarding period'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 276,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following kinds of leave are not debited against the leave account?\\n1. Maternity leave\\n2. Paternity leave\\n3. Child care leave\\n4. Special leave connected to an inquiry of sexual harassment\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Only one\",\r\n      \"Only two\",\r\n      \"Only three\",\r\n      \"All four\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"All four are outside the leave account \u2014 <b>Rule 43(5)<\/b> for maternity leave, <b>Rule 43-A(4)<\/b> for paternity leave, <b>Rule 43-C(7)<\/b> for child care leave and <b>Rule 48<\/b> for special leave connected to an inquiry of sexual harassment. Child adoption leave under Rule 43-B(4), paternity leave for child adoption under Rule 43-AA(4) and departmental leave under Rule 49(7) are equally undebited. The provision reads: '(7) Child care leave shall not be debited against the leave account'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 277,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"All of the following are correct statements regarding paternity leave EXCEPT that it:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"may be combined with leave of any other kind\",\r\n      \"shall not be debited against the leave account\",\r\n      \"shall not normally be refused under any circumstances\",\r\n      \"may be carried forward if not availed within the prescribed period\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-A(5)<\/b> provides that if paternity leave is not availed within the period specified in sub-rule (1), 'such leave shall be treated as lapsed', so it cannot be carried forward. Options (a), (b) and (c) restate Rule 43-A(3), Rule 43-A(4) and the Note to Rule 43-A respectively. The same lapse rule governs paternity leave for child adoption under Rule 43-AA(5).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 278,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 5: SPECIAL KINDS OF LEAVE OTHER THAN STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Arrange the following in ascending order of the maximum leave admissible:\\n1. Paternity leave during the confinement of the wife\\n2. Maternity leave in the case of miscarriage including abortion\\n3. Special leave connected to an inquiry of sexual harassment\\n4. Child adoption leave\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2, 3, 4\",\r\n      \"2, 1, 3, 4\",\r\n      \"1, 3, 2, 4\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 4, 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-A(1)<\/b> gives 15 days of paternity leave; <b>Rule 43(3)<\/b> gives up to 45 days of maternity leave for miscarriage including abortion; <b>Rule 48<\/b> gives up to 90 days of special leave connected to an inquiry of sexual harassment; and <b>Rule 43-B(1)<\/b> gives 180 days of child adoption leave. The ascending order is therefore 15, 45, 90 and 180 days. The provision reads: 'Maternity leave not exceeding 45 days may also be granted to a female Government servant (irrespective of the number of surviving children) during the entire service of that female Government in case of miscarriage including abortion'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 279,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Study leave may be granted to a Government servant to enable him to undergo a special course of study consisting of higher studies or specialised training in a professional or technical subject having:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"a direct and close connection with the sphere of his duty\",\r\n      \"any connection, however remote, with the public service\",\r\n      \"a bearing on his prospects of promotion\",\r\n      \"the approval of the institution concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 50(1)<\/b> \u2014 the course must have 'a direct and close connection with the sphere of his duty', and the grant is made 'with due regard to the exigencies of public service'. Rule 50(2) then widens the door in three specific directions, the last of which, clause (iii), covers studies not closely connected with the officer's work but capable of widening his mind as a civil servant.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 280,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An application for study leave for studies which are not closely or directly connected with the work of a Government servant, but which are capable of widening his mind as a civil servant, is to be considered on the merits of each case in consultation with the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Department of Expenditure of the Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"Department of Personnel and Training\",\r\n      \"Department of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"Union Public Service Commission\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Note to Rule 50(2)(iii)<\/b> \u2014 such applications 'shall be considered on merits of each case in consultation with the Department of Expenditure of the Ministry of Finance'. The Department of Economic Affairs in option (c) has a different function under Rule 50(3)(iii): it agrees to the release of foreign exchange where the study leave is to be availed outside India.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 281,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where study leave is granted for a course of training or a study tour in which the Government servant may not attend a regular academic or semi-academic course, the course or tour must be certified to be:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"of definite advantage to Government from the point of view of public interest and related to the sphere of his duties\",\r\n      \"necessary for his promotion to the next higher grade in the cadre to which he belongs\",\r\n      \"unavailable in any comparable institution within India or under any Government scheme\",\r\n      \"approved in advance by the Head of the Mission of the country concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 50(2)(i)<\/b> requires the course of training or study tour to be 'certified to be of definite advantage to Government from the point of view of public interest and is related to sphere of duties of the Government servant'. Where the studies are connected with the framework or background of public administration, Rule 50(2)(ii) adds two conditions: prior approval of the study by the leave-sanctioning authority, and submission of a full report on return.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 282,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where study leave is granted for studies connected with the framework or background of public administration, the Government servant is required, on his return, to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"appear before a departmental committee\",\r\n      \"deliver a lecture to the officers of his department\",\r\n      \"submit a full report on the work done by him while on study leave\",\r\n      \"publish the results of his study\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 50(2)(ii)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'the Government servant should be required to submit, on his return, a full report on the work done by him while on study leave'. Clause (a) of the same sub-rule requires that the particular study or study tour be approved in advance by the authority competent to grant leave. This report is distinct from the certificates of examinations passed required under Rule 53(5)(a).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 283,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Study leave shall not be granted unless it is for the prosecution of studies in subjects:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"other than academic or literary subjects\",\r\n      \"of an academic or literary character\",\r\n      \"leading to a recognised degree\",\r\n      \"taught at an institution outside India\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 50(3)(ii)<\/b> \u2014 study leave is confined to 'prosecution of studies in subjects other than academic or literary subject'. Rule 50(3)(i) adds the certification requirement that the course be of definite advantage from the point of view of public interest. Three provisos qualify the academic-subject bar, for Indian Economic Service and Indian Statistical Service officers, Medical Officers and specialists or technical persons.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 284,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An officer of the Indian Economic Service may be granted study leave for a course of study leading to a Ph.D. on a research thesis, provided the subject of research and the institution are approved by the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Director, Central Statistical Organization\",\r\n      \"Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs\",\r\n      \"Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India\",\r\n      \"Director-General of Health Services\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>First proviso to Rule 50(3)(ii)(a)<\/b> \u2014 approval rests with 'the Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India, in case the applicant is a member of the Indian Economic Service, or by the Director, Central Statistical Organization, in case the applicant is a member of the Indian Statistical Service'. The two authorities are matched to the two Services, which is the distinction the question turns on.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 285,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where an officer of the Indian Economic Service or the Indian Statistical Service proposes to undertake research at a foreign university, he is required to obtain a further certificate that:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the degree proposed to be obtained will be recognised by the universities in India\",\r\n      \"the university concerned is among those approved by the Ministry of Education\",\r\n      \"the facilities for research on the particular subject chosen are not available at any University or other Institution in India\",\r\n      \"the cost of the course of study will be borne by the foreign university concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>First proviso to Rule 50(3)(ii)(c)<\/b> requires a certificate 'that the facilities for research on the particular subject chosen for study are not available at any University or other Institution in India'. The same policy animates <b>Rule 50(4)<\/b>, which bars study leave out of India for subjects in which adequate facilities exist in India or under schemes administered by the Department of Economic Affairs or the Ministry of Education.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 286,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Medical Officer may be granted study leave for prosecuting a course of postgraduate study in Medical Sciences if a certificate as to its value in increasing his efficiency is given by the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Head of the Department concerned\",\r\n      \"Medical Board of a Government Hospital\",\r\n      \"Director-General of Health Services\",\r\n      \"Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Second proviso to Rule 50(3)(ii)<\/b> \u2014 the Director-General of Health Services must certify 'that such study shall be valuable in increasing the efficiency of such Medical Officer in the performance of his duties'. The Head of the Department in option (a) certifies in a different case, under the third proviso, which deals with a specialist or technical person prosecuting a postgraduate course directly related to the sphere of his duty.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 287,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where study leave is to be availed of outside India, the release of foreign exchange involved is agreed to by the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Department of Expenditure of the Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"Reserve Bank of India\",\r\n      \"Department of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"Head of the Mission concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 50(3)(iii)<\/b> \u2014 study leave is not to be granted unless 'the Department of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Finance agrees to the release of foreign exchange involved'. The proviso requires that Department to satisfy itself whether the Government servant complies with the minimum educational criteria specified in its general orders regulating release of foreign exchange for higher studies abroad.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 288,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Study leave out of India shall not be granted for the prosecution of studies in subjects for which adequate facilities exist:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"in India, or under schemes administered by the Department of Economic Affairs or the Ministry of Education\",\r\n      \"in India alone, and in no country outside India whatsoever\",\r\n      \"in any country of the Commonwealth other than India itself\",\r\n      \"at the Indian Institutes of Technology and the Indian Institutes of Management\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 50(4)<\/b> bars study leave out of India where adequate facilities exist 'in India or under any of the Schemes administered by the Department of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Finance or by the Ministry of Education'. The bar is therefore wider than mere domestic availability: an existing scheme of sponsorship is equally a ground for refusal.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 289,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Study leave may be granted to a Government servant who has satisfactorily completed the period of probation and has rendered regular continuous service, including the period of probation, of not less than:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"two years\",\r\n      \"three years\",\r\n      \"five years\",\r\n      \"seven years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 50(5)(i)<\/b> \u2014 'not less than five years' regular continuous service including the period of probation under the Government'. Do not confuse this with the three years' continuous service required under <b>Rule 32(2)(e)<\/b> for twenty-four months of extraordinary leave to prosecute studies in the public interest, which is a different route to the same end.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 290,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Study leave shall not be granted to a Government servant who is due to reach the age of superannuation within a period, from the date on which he is expected to return to duty after the expiry of the leave, of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"one year\",\r\n      \"two years\",\r\n      \"three years\",\r\n      \"five years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 50(5)(ii)<\/b> \u2014 three years, or five years in the case of a Central Health Service Officer who has been granted thirty-six months of study leave under Rule 51(2). The period matches the bond obligation in clause (iii), so that the officer is able to render the service he has undertaken to give before he superannuates. The provision reads: '(iii) who executes a Bond as laid down in Rule 53 (4) undertaking to serve the Government for a period of [three years (five years in the case of Central Health Service Officer who has been granted thirty-six months' study leave under sub-rule (2) of Rule 51)] after the expiry of the leave'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 291,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant granted study leave is required to execute a bond undertaking to serve the Government, after the expiry of the leave, for a period of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"three years, or five years in the case of a Central Health Service Officer granted thirty-six months' study leave\",\r\n      \"three years in every case, whatever the length of leave granted\",\r\n      \"five years in every case, whatever the length of leave granted\",\r\n      \"two years, or three years in the case of a Central Health Service Officer\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 50(5)(iii)<\/b>, read with Rule 53(4) and the amendment made vide DoPT Notification No. 13026\/5\/2010-Estt.(L) dated 05.08.2011. The longer obligation on Central Health Service Officers is the counterpart of the longer leave allowed to them under Rule 51(2), and the same asymmetry runs through Rule 50(5)(ii) and Rule 63(1). The provision reads: '(iii) who executes a Bond as laid down in Rule 53 (4) undertaking to serve the Government for a period of [three years (five years in the case of Central Health Service Officer who has been granted thirty-six months' study leave under sub-rule (2) of Rule 51)] after the expiry of the leave'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 292,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Study leave shall not be granted to a Government servant with such frequency as to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"exceed the amount of earned leave standing at his credit on that date\",\r\n      \"affect his eligibility for leave travel concession in the block of four years\",\r\n      \"remove him from contact with his regular work or to cause cadre difficulties owing to his absence on leave\",\r\n      \"prejudice his seniority in the cadre or service to which he belongs\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 50(6)<\/b> \u2014 study leave shall not be granted with such frequency 'as to remove him from contact with his regular work or to cause cadre difficulties owing to his absence on leave'. The restriction is on frequency rather than on quantum, the quantum being separately capped by Rule 51 at twelve months at any one time and twenty-four months during the entire service.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 293,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The maximum study leave which may be granted at any one time to a Government servant other than a Central Health Service Officer is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"six months\",\r\n      \"twelve months\",\r\n      \"twenty-four months\",\r\n      \"thirty-six months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 51(1)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'ordinarily twelve months at any one time'. Clause (b) sets the lifetime ceiling at twenty-four months in all 'inclusive of similar kind of leave for study or training granted under any other rules', so leave taken under other rules for the same purpose counts towards the limit. Thirty-six months in option (d) applies only to Central Health Service Officers under Rule 51(2).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 294,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The maximum study leave which may be granted during the entire service of a Government servant other than a Central Health Service Officer is twenty-four months in all, and this limit is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"exclusive of similar leave for study or training granted under any other rules\",\r\n      \"inclusive of similar leave for study or training granted under any other rules\",\r\n      \"exclusive of any period of extraordinary leave taken for studies\",\r\n      \"computed separately for study in India and study abroad\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 51(1)(b)<\/b> \u2014 twenty-four months in all, 'inclusive of similar kind of leave for study or training granted under any other rules'. The inclusive drafting prevents the ceiling from being circumvented through parallel training schemes. The maximum for Central Health Service Officers acquiring a postgraduate qualification is thirty-six months under Rule 51(2), against a five-year bond.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 295,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Study leave of thirty-six months for acquiring a postgraduate qualification may be granted to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"any Government servant holding a technical post\",\r\n      \"officers of the Indian Economic Service and the Indian Statistical Service\",\r\n      \"Central Health Service Officers\",\r\n      \"Government servants deputed to serve in an autonomous body\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 51(2)<\/b> \u2014 thirty-six months may be granted to Central Health Service Officers 'for acquiring postgraduate qualification', subject to the condition that such an officer executes a bond under Rule 53(4) to serve the Government for five years after completion of the study course. Officers of the Indian Economic and Statistical Services have a distinct concession, under the first proviso to Rule 50(3)(ii), relating to Ph.D. research.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 296,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Every application for study leave is required to be submitted:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"directly to the Department of Personnel and Training\",\r\n      \"to the Head of the Mission where the studies are to be undertaken abroad\",\r\n      \"to the Audit Officer, who forwards it with his report\",\r\n      \"through proper channel to the authority competent to grant leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 52(1)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'Every application for study leave shall be submitted through proper channel to the authority competent to grant leave.' Clause (b) requires that the application clearly specify the course or courses of study contemplated and any examination the Government servant proposes to undergo. The Audit Officer's role arises later, at the sanction stage, under Rule 53(1).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 297,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant on study leave abroad proposes to make a change in the programme approved in India, he shall not commence the course of study or incur any expenses in connection with it, unless prepared to do so at his own risk, until he receives the approval of the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Head of the Mission concerned\",\r\n      \"institution at which the course is to be undertaken\",\r\n      \"Department of Economic Affairs\",\r\n      \"authority competent to grant the study leave for the course\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 52(2)<\/b> \u2014 he must await 'the approval of the authority competent to grant the study leave for the course'. The particulars are to be submitted as soon as possible 'to the Head of the Mission or the authority competent to grant leave, as the case may be', so the Head of the Mission is a channel of intimation, not the approving authority.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 298,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The report regarding the admissibility of study leave is obtained from the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Head of the Department\",\r\n      \"Department of Personnel and Training\",\r\n      \"Head of Office\",\r\n      \"Audit Officer\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 53(1)<\/b> \u2014 'A report regarding the admissibility of the study leave shall be obtained from the Audit Officer', and by the proviso 'the study leave, if any, already availed of by the Government servant shall be included in the report'. That inclusion enables the twenty-four month lifetime ceiling under Rule 51(1)(b) to be policed.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 299,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant borne permanently on the cadre of one department is serving temporarily in another department, the grant of study leave is subject to obtaining, before the leave is granted, the concurrence of the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"department in which he is temporarily serving\",\r\n      \"Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions\",\r\n      \"Union Public Service Commission\",\r\n      \"department or establishment to which he is permanently attached\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 53(2)<\/b> requires 'the concurrence of the department or the establishment to which he is permanently attached'. The parent cadre is consulted because the absence has cadre consequences there, a concern echoed in Rule 50(6), which bars study leave granted with such frequency as to cause cadre difficulties.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 300,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where study leave for prosecution of studies abroad has been granted by an Administrator, the intimation to the Head of the Mission concerned is to be sent:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"directly by the Administrator\",\r\n      \"by the Government servant himself\",\r\n      \"through the Department of Economic Affairs\",\r\n      \"through the Ministry concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 53(3)<\/b> \u2014 'where such leave has been granted by an Administrator, the intimation shall be sent through the Ministry concerned'. In other cases the authority granting the leave informs the Head of the Mission directly. The Note adds that the Government servant himself is to contact the Head of the Mission for letters of introduction or similar facilities.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 301,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant in permanent employ who has been granted study leave is required to execute a bond in:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Form 6, whether on the original grant or on an extension\",\r\n      \"Form 7 or Form 8, as the case may be\",\r\n      \"Form 9 or Form 10, as the case may be\",\r\n      \"Form 3-A, whether on the original grant or on an extension\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 53(4)(a)<\/b> \u2014 a Government servant in permanent employ executes a bond in Form 7, or Form 8 where it is an extension of study leave. A Government servant not in permanent employ executes Form 9 or Form 10 under clause (b). Form 6 belongs to <b>Rule 32(3)<\/b>, the bond for extraordinary leave granted in relaxation of the study limit. The provision reads: '(4)(a)Every Government servant in permanent employ who has been granted study leave or extension of such study leave shall be required to execute a Bond in Form 7 or Form 8, as the case may be, before the study leave or extension of such study leave granted to him commences'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 302,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant not in permanent employ who has been granted an extension of study leave is required to execute a bond in:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Form 7\",\r\n      \"Form 8\",\r\n      \"Form 9\",\r\n      \"Form 10\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 53(4)(b)<\/b> pairs Form 9 with the original grant and Form 10 with an extension, for a Government servant not in permanent employ. Forms 7 and 8 are the corresponding pair for a Government servant in permanent employ under clause (a). In every case the bond must be executed before the study leave or the extension commences. The provision reads: '(4)(a)Every Government servant in permanent employ who has been granted study leave or extension of such study leave shall be required to execute a Bond in Form 7 or Form 8, as the case may be, before the study leave or extension of such study leave granted to him commences'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 303,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"After the requisite bond has been executed, the authority competent to grant leave is required to send a certificate to that effect to the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Head of the Department\",\r\n      \"Head of the Mission concerned\",\r\n      \"Department of Personnel and Training\",\r\n      \"Audit Officer\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 53(4)(c)<\/b> \u2014 'The Authority competent to grant leave shall send to the Audit Officer a certificate to the effect that the Government servant referred to in Clause (a) or Clause (b) has executed the requisite bond.' The Audit Officer is thus involved at both ends: he reports on admissibility under Rule 53(1) and receives confirmation that the bond is in place.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 304,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"On completion of the course of study, the Government servant is required to submit certificates of the examinations passed or special courses undertaken, indicating the date of commencement and termination of the course, to the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Audit Officer, who furnished the report on admissibility\",\r\n      \"Department of Expenditure of the Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"Head of the Mission of the country in which he studied\",\r\n      \"authority which granted him the study leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 53(5)(a)<\/b> \u2014 the certificates go to 'the authority which granted him the study leave', together with the remarks, if any, of the authority in charge of the course of study. By clause (b), where the study is undertaken in a country outside India in which there is an Indian Mission, the certificates are submitted through the Head of the Mission concerned.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 305,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Study leave is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"debited against the earned leave account\",\r\n      \"debited against the half pay leave account\",\r\n      \"not debited against the leave account\",\r\n      \"debited against the leave account only where it exceeds twelve months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 54(1)<\/b> \u2014 'Study leave shall not be debited against the leave account of the Government servant.' It shares this feature with the special kinds of leave in Chapter V. The position changes only where the officer fails to complete the course or quits early: under <b>Rule 63(2)(a)<\/b> the study leave is then converted into regular leave standing at his credit, any balance being treated as extraordinary leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 306,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Study leave may be combined with other kinds of leave, but the grant of study leave in combination with leave other than extraordinary leave shall not involve a total absence from regular duties of more than:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"twenty-four months generally\",\r\n      \"twenty-eight months generally and thirty-six months for courses leading to a Ph.D. degree\",\r\n      \"thirty-six months generally and forty-eight months for courses leading to a Ph.D. degree\",\r\n      \"twelve months generally and twenty-four months for courses leading to a Ph.D. degree\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 54(2)<\/b> \u2014 the total absence must not exceed 'twenty eight months generally and thirty-six months for the courses leading to PhD. degree'. The Explanation adds that this limit 'includes the period of vacation'. Extraordinary leave is expressly excluded from the computation, so a spell of extraordinary leave does not count towards the twenty-eight or thirty-six month cap.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 307,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant granted study leave in combination with another kind of leave commences a course of study during that other kind of leave, the period of such leave coinciding with the course of study shall:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"count as study leave\",\r\n      \"be treated as extraordinary leave\",\r\n      \"be converted into study leave with retrospective effect\",\r\n      \"not count as study leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 54(3)<\/b>, inserted vide DoPT Notification No. 13023\/1\/2017-Estt.(L) dated 01.01.2018 \u2014 'the period of such leave coinciding with the course of study shall not count as study leave'. The main provision permits the officer to undertake or commence the course during the other kind of leave if he so desires; the proviso simply ensures that this does not enlarge his study leave entitlement.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 308,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where the course of study falls short of the study leave granted, the Government servant shall resume duty on the conclusion of the course of study, unless previous sanction has been obtained to treat the period of shortfall as:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"ordinary leave\",\r\n      \"extraordinary leave\",\r\n      \"duty\",\r\n      \"study leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 55<\/b> \u2014 he shall resume duty 'unless the previous sanction of the authority competent to grant leave has been obtained to treat the period of shortfall as ordinary leave'. The word previous is important: the sanction must be obtained before the shortfall is availed of, and the officer cannot simply remain absent and seek regularisation afterwards.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 309,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"During study leave availed of outside India, a Government servant draws leave salary equal to the pay he drew while on duty immediately before proceeding on such leave, in addition to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Dearness Allowance only, and no other allowance\",\r\n      \"House Rent Allowance only, and no other allowance\",\r\n      \"Dearness Allowance and House Rent Allowance\",\r\n      \"no allowance whatsoever, over and above the leave salary\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 56(1)<\/b>, substituted vide DoPT Notification No. 13026\/1\/2002-Estt.(L) dated 15\/16.01.2004 \u2014 leave salary equal to the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on leave 'and in addition the Dearness Allowance and House Rent Allowance'. Rule 56(2) makes the same provision for study leave in India, with House Rent Allowance regulated by Rule 60.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 310,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Payment of leave salary at the full rate during study leave availed of in India is subject to the furnishing of a certificate by the Government servant that he is not in receipt of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"any income from property held by him or by his family\",\r\n      \"any assistance from a foreign Government, Foundation or Trust\",\r\n      \"any allowance from the institution at which he is studying\",\r\n      \"any scholarship, stipend or remuneration in respect of any part-time employment\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 56(3)<\/b> \u2014 the certificate must state that he 'is not in receipt of any scholarship, stipend or remuneration in respect of any part-time employment'. Where such amounts are received, <b>Rule 56(4)<\/b> adjusts them against the leave salary, subject to the floor that the leave salary shall not be reduced below what would be payable during half pay leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 311,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant receives a scholarship, stipend or remuneration from part-time employment during study leave, the amount is adjusted against his leave salary, subject to the condition that the leave salary shall not be reduced below the amount payable as leave salary during:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"earned leave\",\r\n      \"extraordinary leave\",\r\n      \"commuted leave\",\r\n      \"half pay leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 56(4)<\/b> \u2014 the leave salary 'shall not be reduced to an amount less than that payable as Leave Salary during half-pay leave'. The floor protects the officer from the adjustment eroding his income altogether. Extraordinary leave in option (b) would be no floor at all, since under Rule 40(5) a Government servant on extraordinary leave draws no leave salary.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 312,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"House Rent Allowance during study leave is paid at the rates admissible at the station from which the Government servant proceeded on study leave, and its continuance beyond a specified period is subject to production of a prescribed certificate. That period is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"120 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"one year\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 60(1)<\/b> \u2014 House Rent Allowance is paid at the station rates 'for the first 180 days of the Study Leave', and its continuance beyond 180 days is subject to production of a certificate as prescribed in Para 8(d) of the Ministry of Finance O.M. No. 2(37)-E.II(B)\/64 dated 27.11.1965, as amended from time to time.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 313,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Apart from House Rent Allowance and Dearness Allowance where admissible, the allowances payable to a Government servant in respect of the period of study leave are:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the allowances admissible at the station of study\",\r\n      \"such allowances as the Head of the Department may sanction\",\r\n      \"the allowances admissible on tour\",\r\n      \"none\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 60(2)<\/b>, substituted vide DoPT Notification No. 13023\/1\/2017-Estt.(L) dated 01.01.2018 \u2014 'no other allowance shall be paid to a Government servant in respect of the period of study leave granted to him'. The same 2018 amendment omitted Rules 57 to 59, which had earlier provided for study allowance, so the present scheme is deliberately confined to leave salary with House Rent and Dearness Allowance.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 314,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant to whom study leave has been granted shall not ordinarily be paid Travelling Allowance, but such allowance may in exceptional circumstances be sanctioned by the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"President\",\r\n      \"Head of the Department\",\r\n      \"Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"authority competent to grant leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 61<\/b> reserves the power to the President. The Note adds a single exception: where a Government servant serving in the Indian Audit and Accounts Department is on study leave in India, the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India may, in exceptional circumstances, sanction the grant of Travelling Allowance. The same pairing recurs in Rule 62 for the cost of fees. The provision reads: 'A Government servant to whom study leave has been granted shall not ordinarily be paid Travelling Allowance but the President may in exceptional circumstances sanction the payment of such allowance'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 315,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The cost of fees paid for study during study leave is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"borne by the Government in every case\",\r\n      \"recoverable from the Government servant only if he fails to complete the course\",\r\n      \"shared equally between the Government and the Government servant\",\r\n      \"ordinarily borne by the Government servant, but the President may in exceptional cases sanction its grant\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 62<\/b> \u2014 the Government servant 'shall ordinarily be required to meet the cost of fees paid for the study but in exceptional cases, the President may sanction the grant of such fees'. The proviso bars payment altogether to an officer in receipt of a scholarship or stipend from whatever source, or permitted to receive or retain remuneration from part-time employment in addition to his leave salary.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 316,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In no case shall the cost of fees be paid to a Government servant who:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"is prosecuting his approved course of study at an institution outside India\",\r\n      \"is in receipt of a scholarship or stipend from any source, or retains remuneration from part-time employment\",\r\n      \"has already availed himself of study leave on an earlier occasion in his service\",\r\n      \"belongs to the Indian Audit and Accounts Department or to a Vacation Department\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 62<\/b> excludes an officer 'who is in receipt of scholarship or stipend from whatever source or who is permitted to receive or retain, in addition to his leave salary, any remuneration in respect of part-time employment'. Membership of the Indian Audit and Accounts Department has the opposite effect: by the Note, the Comptroller and Auditor-General may sanction the grant of fees in exceptional circumstances.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 317,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who resigns or retires from service without returning to duty after a period of study leave, or within the bond period after such return, or who fails to complete the course of study, is required to refund the actual amount of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the actual amount of leave salary drawn during the period of study leave alone\",\r\n      \"leave salary, cost of fees, travelling and other expenses, and the cost incurred by other agencies, with interest\",\r\n      \"the actual cost of fees paid for the study, together with interest from the date of demand\",\r\n      \"the actual amount of leave salary and the cost of fees, but without interest thereon\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 63(1)<\/b> requires refund of the leave salary, cost of fees, travelling and other expenses incurred by the Government of India under clause (i), and under clause (ii) the actual cost incurred by other agencies such as foreign Governments, Foundations and Trusts, 'together with interest thereon at rates for the time being in force on Government loans, from the date of demand'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 318,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The refund obligation arising on resignation or retirement after study leave does not apply, except in the case of an employee who fails to complete the course of study, to a Government servant who, after return to duty from study leave, is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"transferred to another Ministry or Department of the Government\",\r\n      \"permitted to retire from service on medical grounds\",\r\n      \"placed under suspension pending a departmental inquiry\",\r\n      \"granted extraordinary leave in continuation of the study leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso (a) to Rule 63(1)<\/b> exempts a Government servant permitted to retire on medical grounds after his return to duty. Proviso (b) exempts one who, after such return, is deputed to serve in a Statutory or Autonomous Body or Institution under Government control and is subsequently permitted to resign with a view to permanent absorption there in the public interest. The provision reads: 'nothing in this rule shall apply- (a) to a Government servant who, after return to duty from study leave, is permitted to retire from service on medical grounds'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 319,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant attracts the refund obligation after study leave, the study leave availed of by him is converted into regular leave standing at his credit on the date on which the study leave commenced, and the balance which cannot be so converted is treated as:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"leave not due\",\r\n      \"half pay leave\",\r\n      \"extraordinary leave\",\r\n      \"dies non\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 63(2)(a)<\/b> \u2014 any regular leave taken in continuation of study leave is suitably adjusted, and 'the balance of the period of study leave, if any, which cannot be so converted, treated as extraordinary leave'. Clause (b) adds that, over and above the refund under sub-rule (1), he must also refund any excess of leave salary actually drawn over that admissible on the conversion.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 320,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The amount required to be refunded by a Government servant after study leave may be waived or reduced, in the public interest or having regard to the peculiar circumstances of the case, by the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"President\",\r\n      \"Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions\",\r\n      \"authority which granted the study leave\",\r\n      \"Comptroller and Auditor-General of India\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 63(3)<\/b> \u2014 'the President may, if it is necessary or expedient to do so, either in public interest or having regard to the peculiar circumstances of the case or class of cases, by order, waive or reduce the amount required to be refunded'. The power extends to a class of cases as well as an individual one, and it operates notwithstanding anything else in Rule 63.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 321,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Category)\\nA. Government servant in permanent employ, original grant of study leave\\nB. Government servant in permanent employ, extension of study leave\\nC. Government servant not in permanent employ, original grant\\nD. Government servant not in permanent employ, extension\\nList-II (Bond)\\n1. Form 9\\n2. Form 10\\n3. Form 7\\n4. Form 8\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 53(4)(a)<\/b> prescribes Form 7 for a permanent Government servant and Form 8 for an extension in his case; <b>Rule 53(4)(b)<\/b> prescribes Form 9 and Form 10 respectively for a Government servant not in permanent employ. In every case the bond must be executed before the leave or the extension commences, and a certificate of execution is sent to the Audit Officer under clause (c). The provision reads: '(4)(a)Every Government servant in permanent employ who has been granted study leave or extension of such study leave shall be required to execute a Bond in Form 7 or Form 8, as the case may be, before the study leave or extension of such study leave granted to him commences'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 322,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following statements are correct?\\n1. Study leave shall not be debited against the leave account.\\n2. The maximum study leave at any one time is ordinarily twelve months.\\n3. A Government servant on study leave is entitled to Travelling Allowance as a matter of course.\\n4. Study leave may be granted for the prosecution of studies in academic or literary subjects.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Only one\",\r\n      \"Only two\",\r\n      \"Only three\",\r\n      \"All four\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 are correct, resting on <b>Rules 54(1)<\/b> and <b>51(1)(a)<\/b>. Statement 3 is wrong: under <b>Rule 61<\/b> Travelling Allowance shall not ordinarily be paid, though the President may sanction it in exceptional circumstances. Statement 4 is wrong: <b>Rule 50(3)(ii)<\/b> confines study leave to subjects other than academic or literary subjects, subject to three narrow provisos. The provision reads: 'Study leave shall not be debited against the leave account of the Government servant'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 323,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 6: STUDY LEAVE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Arrange the following steps in the correct sequence as they occur in the grant and completion of study leave:\\n1. Execution of the requisite bond\\n2. Submission of the application through proper channel to the authority competent to grant leave\\n3. Submission of certificates of examinations passed to the authority which granted the leave\\n4. Obtaining a report on the admissibility of the study leave from the Audit Officer\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"2, 4, 1, 3\",\r\n      \"4, 2, 1, 3\",\r\n      \"2, 1, 4, 3\",\r\n      \"2, 4, 3, 1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 52(1)(a)<\/b> places the application first; <b>Rule 53(1)<\/b> requires the Audit Officer's report on admissibility at the sanction stage; <b>Rule 53(4)<\/b> requires the bond to be executed 'before the study leave or extension of such study leave granted to him commences'; and <b>Rule 53(5)(a)<\/b> requires the certificates to be submitted on completion of the course.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 324,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 7: MISCELLANEOUS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where any doubt arises as to the interpretation of the leave rules applicable to Central Government servants, the matter is referred for decision to the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions\",\r\n      \"Union Public Service Commission\",\r\n      \"Comptroller and Auditor-General of India\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 64<\/b>, as amended vide DoPT Notification No. 11012\/1\/85-Estt.(L) dated 06.06.1988 \u2014 the doubt 'shall be referred to the Government of India in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions for decision'. Contrast the position under the Leave Travel Concession Rules: by Rule 17 of the CCS (LTC) Rules, 1988, doubts on interpretation go to the Department of Personnel and Training.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 325,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 7: MISCELLANEOUS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Ministry or Department of the Government of India is satisfied that the operation of any of the leave rules causes undue hardship in a particular case, it may dispense with or relax the requirements of that rule:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"by order, for reasons to be recorded in writing\",\r\n      \"by an oral direction communicated to the Head of Office\",\r\n      \"only after obtaining the sanction of the President\",\r\n      \"only where the case involves a Government servant in permanent employ\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 65<\/b> \u2014 the Ministry or Department 'may by order, for reasons to be recorded in writing, dispense with or relax the requirements of that rule to such extent and subject to such exceptions and conditions as it may consider necessary for dealing with the case in a just and equitable manner'. Two safeguards are built in: a written order and recorded reasons.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 326,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 7: MISCELLANEOUS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"No order relaxing the requirements of the leave rules shall be made except with the concurrence of the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions\",\r\n      \"Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Integrated Finance Division of the Ministry concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 65<\/b> \u2014 'no such order shall be made except with the concurrence of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions'. The concurrence is mandatory, and an order made without it is bad. Under the LTC Rules the corresponding concurrence, required by the proviso to Rule 18, is that of the Department of Personnel and Training.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 327,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 7: MISCELLANEOUS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The power to relax the requirements of a leave rule where its operation causes undue hardship is exercisable:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"in respect of a class of cases generally\",\r\n      \"in any particular case\",\r\n      \"only prospectively, and never in a case already decided\",\r\n      \"only by the President\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 65<\/b> confers the power where the operation of a rule 'causes undue hardship in any particular case'. It is therefore case-specific, and is not a power to make general exceptions. Contrast <b>Rule 63(3)<\/b>, where the President may waive or reduce a refund after study leave 'by order' having regard to the circumstances 'of the case or class of cases'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 328,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 7: MISCELLANEOUS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"On the commencement of the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972, every rule, regulation or order, including an Office Memorandum, in force immediately before such commencement shall cease to operate:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"entirely, in all respects\",\r\n      \"in so far as it provides for any of the matters contained in these rules\",\r\n      \"only where it is expressly repealed by a subsequent notification\",\r\n      \"only in respect of Government servants appointed after the commencement\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 66(1)<\/b> \u2014 the old rule ceases to operate 'in so far as it provides for any of the matters contained in these rules'. The repeal is therefore partial and subject-matter specific, so an old order dealing with a matter not covered by these rules survives. Note the deliberately wide definition of old rule, which includes an Office Memorandum.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 329,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 7: MISCELLANEOUS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Notwithstanding the cesser of operation of the old rules, any leave earned by, granted to, or accrued to the credit of a Government servant under an old rule shall be:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"recomputed afresh under the corresponding new provisions\",\r\n      \"deemed to have been earned, granted or accrued under the corresponding provisions of these rules\",\r\n      \"allowed to lapse on the commencement of these rules\",\r\n      \"carried forward only to the extent of the ceilings in these rules\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 66(2)<\/b> \u2014 anything done or any action taken or any leave earned, granted or accrued under the old rule 'shall be deemed to have been done, taken, earned, granted or accrued under the corresponding provisions of these rules'. This is the standard saving clause, and it protects accrued rights without requiring any recomputation.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 330,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 7: MISCELLANEOUS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. A doubt as to the interpretation of the leave rules is referred to the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.\\n2. The power to relax a leave rule in a case of undue hardship is exercisable by the Ministry or Department concerned.\\n3. An order relaxing a leave rule requires the concurrence of the Ministry of Finance.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 reproduce <b>Rule 64<\/b> and the main part of <b>Rule 65<\/b>. Statement 3 is wrong: the proviso to Rule 65 requires the concurrence of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, not of the Ministry of Finance. Substituting one Ministry for another is the standard device for making such a statement wrong. The provision reads: 'Where any doubt arises as to the interpretation of these rules, it shall be referred to the Government of India in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions for decision'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 331,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 7: MISCELLANEOUS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Function)\\nA. Decision on a doubt as to interpretation of the leave rules\\nB. Concurrence for relaxation of a Leave Travel Concession Rule\\nC. Report on the admissibility of study leave\\nD. Waiver of the amount refundable after study leave\\nList-II (Authority)\\n1. Audit Officer\\n2. Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions\\n3. President\\n4. Department of Personnel and Training\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3\",\r\n      \"A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 64<\/b> refers a doubt on interpretation to the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, while the proviso to <b>Rule 18<\/b> of the CCS (LTC) Rules, 1988 requires the concurrence of the Department of Personnel and Training for relaxation of an LTC rule. <b>Rule 53(1)<\/b> places the report on admissibility of study leave with the Audit Officer, and <b>Rule 63(3)<\/b> reserves the power to waive or reduce the refund to the President. The provision reads: 'Where any doubt arises as to the interpretation of these rules, it shall be referred to the Government of India in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions for decision'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 332,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The Central Civil Services (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988 apply to all of the following categories EXCEPT persons:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"appointed to civil services and posts, including civilian Government servants in the Defence Services\",\r\n      \"employed under a State Government and on deputation with the Central Government\",\r\n      \"employed on contract basis under the Central Government\",\r\n      \"locally recruited for service in Indian Missions abroad\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 1(3)<\/b> extends the Rules to civil services and posts including civilian Government servants in the Defence Services, State Government employees on deputation with the Centre, persons appointed on contract basis, and persons re-employed after retirement. <b>Rule 1(4)(f)<\/b> excludes 'local recruits in Indian Missions abroad', mirroring the exclusion of such staff from the CCS (Leave) Rules by Rule 2(g) of those rules.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 333,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following categories of persons:\\n1. Government servants not in whole-time employment\\n2. Persons in casual and daily rated employment\\n3. Persons paid from contingencies\\n4. Members of the Armed Forces\\nHow many of the above are outside the application of the Leave Travel Concession Rules?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Only one\",\r\n      \"Only two\",\r\n      \"Only three\",\r\n      \"All four\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 1(4)<\/b> excludes all four \u2014 clause (a) Government servants not in whole-time employment, clause (b) persons in casual and daily rated employment, clause (c) persons paid from contingencies, and clause (e) members of the Armed Forces. Clause (g) adds a residuary exclusion of any person eligible for another form of travel concession available during leave or otherwise. The provision reads: 'b) persons in casual and daily rated employment'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 334,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The residuary exclusion from the Leave Travel Concession Rules covers a person who is eligible to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"travelling allowance on tour under the Supplementary Rules\",\r\n      \"any other form of travel concession available during leave or otherwise\",\r\n      \"reimbursement of expenditure under the medical attendance rules\",\r\n      \"encashment of earned leave at the time of availing the concession\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 1(4)(g)<\/b> excludes any 'person eligible to any other form of travel concession available during leave or otherwise'. This is the provision that catches employees entitled to free passes or privilege passes, such as those of the National Airlines, and it operates alongside the express exclusion of Railway servants in clause (d).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 335,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Railway employees, though otherwise outside these Rules, may nevertheless be allowed to avail:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"home town Leave Travel Concession once in a block of two calendar years\",\r\n      \"All India Leave Travel Concession once in a block of four calendar years\",\r\n      \"both home town and All India Leave Travel Concession in every block\",\r\n      \"Leave Travel Concession only in respect of the members of their family\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Although <b>Rule 1(4)(d)<\/b> excludes Railway servants, the footnote to that clause records that Railway employees may be allowed to avail 'All India LTC' once in a block of four years under the CCS (LTC) Rules, 1988, subject to certain conditions, vide OM No. 31011\/15\/2017-Estt.A-IV dated 27.03.2018. The home town concession remains unavailable to them, since they hold privilege passes. The provision reads: 'However, the Railway employees may be allowed to avail 'All India LTC' once in a block of four years under CCS(LTC) Rules, 1988, subject to the certain conditions'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 336,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Industrial and work-charged staff who are entitled to regular leave are:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"eligible for Leave Travel Concession after five years of continuous service\",\r\n      \"eligible for Leave Travel Concession only in respect of the home town concession\",\r\n      \"eligible for Leave Travel Concession in the same manner as other Central Government employees\",\r\n      \"outside the scope of the Leave Travel Concession Rules altogether\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 2 under <b>Rule 1(4)<\/b> \u2014 'Industrial and work-charged staff who are entitled to regular leave will also be eligible to avail of the Leave Travel Concession in the same manner as other Central Government employees. The first block in their case would be 1960-61.' Note the contrast with the leave rules, where Rule 2(d) and (e) exclude both classes altogether.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 337,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Officers of autonomous bodies who are deputed to the Central Government are, for the purpose of Leave Travel Concession, treated during the period of deputation as:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"permanent Government servants of the borrowing department\",\r\n      \"temporary Government servants\",\r\n      \"employees of the lending autonomous body throughout\",\r\n      \"persons appointed on contract basis\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 1 under <b>Rule 1(4)<\/b> \u2014 'The officers of autonomous bodies deputed to Central Government will be treated as temporary Government servants during the period of their deputation with the Central Government and allowed Leave Travel Concession accordingly.' The characterisation matters because it brings them within the qualifying-service conditions of Rule 2(1).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 338,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of a State Government employee on deputation with the Central Government, a person appointed on contract basis, or a person re-employed after retirement, the Leave Travel Concession is admissible on completion of continuous service under the Central Government of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"six months\",\r\n      \"one year\",\r\n      \"two years\",\r\n      \"three years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 2(1)<\/b> \u2014 the concession is admissible to the categories in Rule 1(3)(ii), (iii) and (iv) 'on completion of one year's continuous service under the Central Government', provided the appropriate administrative authority certifies the likelihood of continued service. The two-year and four-year periods in the same sub-rule are certification requirements, not qualifying service.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 339,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The certificate required from the appropriate administrative authority in such cases must state that the employee is likely to continue to serve under the Central Government for at least:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"four years in the case of both types of Leave Travel Concession\",\r\n      \"four years for home town Leave Travel Concession and two years for the concession to any place in India\",\r\n      \"two years in the case of both types of Leave Travel Concession\",\r\n      \"two years for home town Leave Travel Concession and four years for the concession to any place in India\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 2(1)<\/b> requires certification that the employee 'is likely to continue to serve under the Central Government for a period of at least two years in the case of Leave Travel Concession to hometown and at least four years in the case of Leave Travel Concession to any place in India', reckoned from the date of joining. The periods match the two-year and four-year blocks in Rule 8.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 340,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where an officer appointed on contract basis has an initial contract of one year which is later extended, the position for Leave Travel Concession is that:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"only the initial period of one year is reckoned\",\r\n      \"the total duration of the contract is taken into account\",\r\n      \"only the extended period is reckoned, the initial year being ignored\",\r\n      \"a fresh qualifying period of one year begins from the date of extension\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 2(2)<\/b> \u2014 'In the case of officers appointed on contract basis, where the initial contract is for one year but is later extended, the total duration of the contract will be taken into account for the purpose of Leave Travel Concession.' The provision prevents a short initial contract from defeating the qualifying-service and certification requirements of Rule 2(1).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 341,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of a person re-employed immediately after retirement without any break, the period of re-employed service is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"disregarded altogether for the purpose of the concession\",\r\n      \"treated as a fresh spell of service beginning on the date of re-employment\",\r\n      \"reckoned only after one further year of continuous service\",\r\n      \"treated as continuous with the previous service for the purpose of the concession\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 2(3)<\/b> treats the re-employed period as continuous with the previous service, and allows the concession for that period, provided it would have been admissible had he continued as a serving officer. The illustration to the sub-rule makes the consequence plain: an officer who availed the all-India concession before retirement and is re-employed without break cannot avail it again until the four-year block expires. The provision reads: 'the period of re-employed service will be treated as continuous with the previous service for the purpose of Leave Travel Concession and the concession allowed for the re-employed period'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 342,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The expression 'a place in India' for the purposes of the Leave Travel Concession Rules covers any place:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"declared as such by the Controlling Officer in advance of the journey\",\r\n      \"on the mainland of India, but not on any overseas island territory\",\r\n      \"within the territory of India other than the State in which the employee is posted\",\r\n      \"within the territory of India, whether on the mainland or overseas\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 4(a)<\/b> \u2014 'a place in India will cover any place within the territory of India, whether it is on the mainland India or overseas'. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep are therefore squarely within the definition, which is why special dispensation schemes for air travel to those territories operate under the same Rules.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 343,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"'Controlling officer' for the purposes of these Rules means an officer declared as such under:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Rule 3(1)(c) of the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972\",\r\n      \"Supplementary Rule 30\",\r\n      \"Rule 2(g) of the CCS (CCA) Rules, 1965\",\r\n      \"Supplementary Rule 191\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 4(b)<\/b> \u2014 'Controlling officer means an officer declared as such under Supplementary Rule 191'. Supplementary Rule 30 in option (b) is the source of a different definition in the same rule: by <b>Rule 4(f)<\/b>, 'shortest direct route' has the meaning given in SR 30 and the orders issued under it.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 344,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"'Disciplinary Authority' for the purposes of these Rules has the same meaning as that assigned to it in:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the Fundamental Rules and the Supplementary Rules made thereunder\",\r\n      \"Rule 11 of the CCS (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1965\",\r\n      \"Rule 3 of the CCS (Conduct) Rules, 1964, on devotion to duty\",\r\n      \"Clause (g) of Rule 2 of the CCS (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1965\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 4(c)<\/b> adopts the definition in Clause (g) of Rule 2 of the CCS (CCA) Rules, 1965. Rule 11 of those Rules, offered in option (b), is a different provision altogether: it lists the penalties, and is referred to in <b>Rule 16(2)<\/b> of these Rules, which withholds two further sets of the concession where any of those penalties is imposed for a fraudulent claim. The provision reads: 'Disciplinary Authority' shall have the same meaning as assigned in Clause (g) of Rule 2 of the Central Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1965'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 345,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The wife or husband and two surviving unmarried children or stepchildren wholly dependent on a Government servant are included in his family:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"only if they are residing at the declared home town\",\r\n      \"only if they are residing with the Government servant\",\r\n      \"irrespective of whether they are residing with the Government servant or not\",\r\n      \"only if they are residing within the same State as the Government servant\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 4(d)(i)<\/b> includes the spouse and two surviving unmarried children or stepchildren wholly dependent on the Government servant 'irrespective of whether they are residing with the Government servant or not'. The residence test does apply to other relations: divorced, abandoned, separated and widowed daughters under clause (ii), and brothers and sisters under clause (iv), must be residing with him.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 346,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Parents and stepparents wholly dependent on a Government servant are included in his family:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"only if they are residing with the Government servant\",\r\n      \"irrespective of whether they are residing with the Government servant or not\",\r\n      \"only if they have no other son or daughter in Government service\",\r\n      \"only where the Government servant has no surviving children\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 4(d)(iii)<\/b> includes 'parents and\/or stepparents (stepmother and stepfather) who are wholly dependent on the Govt. employees, irrespective of whether they are residing with the Government employee or not'. Dependency alone is the test, and it is linked by the Note to the minimum family pension prescribed by the Central Government together with dearness relief.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 347,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Unmarried minor brothers and unmarried, divorced, abandoned, separated or widowed sisters are included in the family of a Government servant only if they are residing with and wholly dependent on him, and additionally that:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"they are residing at the home town declared by the Government servant\",\r\n      \"they have been so declared to the Controlling Officer before the journey\",\r\n      \"they have no independent source of income of any description whatsoever\",\r\n      \"their parents are either not alive or are themselves wholly dependent on the Government servant\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 4(d)(iv)<\/b> imposes the further condition that the parents 'are either not alive or are themselves wholly dependent on the Government servant'. Note 3 under the definition adds a related exclusion: the children of divorced, abandoned, separated or widowed sisters are not included in the term family.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 348,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The restriction of the concession to two surviving children or stepchildren is not applicable in respect of employees who already had more than two children prior to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"23rd September, 2008\",\r\n      \"20th October, 1997\",\r\n      \"1st September, 2008\",\r\n      \"18th April, 2002\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Explanation 1 to <b>Rule 4(d)<\/b> lifts the restriction for employees who already had more than two children before 20.10.1997, for children born within one year of that date, and where the number exceeds two as a result of a second childbirth resulting in multiple births. The date of 23.09.2008 in option (a) belongs to a different instruction, on the dependency criterion linked to minimum family pension. The provision reads: 'The restriction of the concession to only two surviving children or step children shall not be applicable in respect of - (i) those employees who already have more than two children prior to the coming into force of this restriction i.e'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 349,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The two-child restriction on the Leave Travel Concession does not apply where the number of children exceeds two as a result of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the adoption of a child after the coming into force of the restriction\",\r\n      \"a second childbirth resulting in multiple births\",\r\n      \"the Government servant taking a child as ward under the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890\",\r\n      \"the remarriage of the Government servant after the death of the spouse\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Explanation 1(iii) to <b>Rule 4(d)<\/b> saves the case 'where the number of children exceeds two as a result of second child birth resulting in multiple births'. The exception is confined to that situation. Adoption and wardship, offered in options (a) and (c), are concepts drawn from the CCS (Leave) Rules, notably Rules 43-B and 43-AA, and have no counterpart here.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 350,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the definition of 'family', a second wife of a Government servant is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"included in every case, whatever the circumstances of the marriage\",\r\n      \"included, where the second marriage was contracted with the specific permission of the Government\",\r\n      \"excluded in every case, only one wife being included in the term\",\r\n      \"included only where the first wife has predeceased the Government servant\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 2 under <b>Rule 4(d)<\/b> \u2014 'Not more than one wife is included in the term Family for the purpose of these Rules. However, if a Government servant has two legally wedded wives and the second marriage is with the specific permission of the Government, the second wife shall also be included in the definition of Family.' Prior specific permission is therefore the whole of the test.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 351,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The condition of dependency for the purposes of the Leave Travel Concession is not applicable in the case of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the widowed daughters residing with the Government servant\",\r\n      \"the parents and stepparents of the Government servant\",\r\n      \"the unmarried children of the Government servant below eighteen years of age\",\r\n      \"the husband and wife, who serve as one unit for the purpose of the concession\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 2 under the definition of family in <b>Rule 4(d)<\/b> \u2014 'Condition of dependency is not applicable on the husband and wife as they serve as one unit for the purpose of LTC.' For every other relation the dependency test applies, and by Note 1 it is linked to the minimum family pension prescribed in the Central Government together with dearness relief thereon.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 352,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"'Home town' for the purposes of these Rules means the town, village or other place declared as such by the Government servant and:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"recorded in the service book at the time of first appointment\",\r\n      \"verified by the Head of the Department on each occasion\",\r\n      \"accepted by the Controlling Officer\",\r\n      \"situated within the State of his domicile at the time of appointment\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 4(e)<\/b> \u2014 the place must be 'declared as such by the Government servant and accepted by the controlling officer'. Acceptance by the Controlling Officer is thus constitutive. Once accepted, <b>Rule 5(i)<\/b> treats the declaration as final, subject only to one change during the whole service with the authority of the Head of the Department.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 353,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a female Government servant proceeds to her home town on Leave Travel Concession and gets married there, the concession:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"may be allowed to her husband only in the next block of two years\",\r\n      \"is not admissible to her husband in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"may also be allowed to her husband for the journey from the home town to her headquarters\",\r\n      \"may be allowed to her husband only if he is himself a Government servant\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 3 under <b>Rule 4(d)<\/b>, resting on OM No. 48\/2\/65-Estt.(A) dated 02.04.1965 and OM No. 43\/10\/58-Estt.(A) dated 11.12.1958 \u2014 the concession may be allowed to the husband for the journey performed by him from the home town to the headquarters of the female Government servant. The same Note extends the facility to a newly married wife travelling from the home town to the headquarters station. The provision reads: 'servant proceeds to her hometown availing the Leave Travel Concession and gets married in the hometown, LTC may be allowed also to the husband of the female Govt'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 354,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant has left his spouse and dependent children at a place other than his headquarters, the Leave Travel Concession in respect of them may be allowed:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"from the headquarters of the Government servant only, in every case\",\r\n      \"from the place of their residence to the home town or to any place in India, as the case may be\",\r\n      \"only where they travel together with the Government servant himself\",\r\n      \"only after they have shifted to the headquarters of the Government servant\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 5(i) under <b>Rule 4(d)<\/b>, resting on OM No. 31011\/14\/86-Est.(A) dated 08.05.1987 \u2014 the concession is allowed 'in respect of them from the place of their residence to hometown in a block of 2 years or any place in India in a block of 4 years, as the case may be'. Note 5(ii) adds full reimbursement for family journeys from any place in India to the headquarters and back.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 355,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Expression)\\nA. Controlling officer\\nB. Shortest direct route\\nC. Disciplinary Authority\\nD. A place in India\\nList-II (Source or content of the definition)\\n1. Clause (g) of Rule 2 of the CCS (CCA) Rules, 1965\\n2. Any place within the territory of India, on the mainland or overseas\\n3. Supplementary Rule 191\\n4. Supplementary Rule 30\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 4(b)<\/b> ties the Controlling officer to Supplementary Rule 191; <b>Rule 4(f)<\/b> ties the shortest direct route to Supplementary Rule 30 and the orders issued under it; <b>Rule 4(c)<\/b> adopts the definition of Disciplinary Authority in Clause (g) of Rule 2 of the CCS (CCA) Rules, 1965; and <b>Rule 4(a)<\/b> defines a place in India as any place within the territory of India, mainland or overseas. The provision reads: 'Controlling officer means an officer declared as such under Supplementary Rule 191'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 356,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The scope of the Leave Travel Concession extends to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the Government servant, his family and any escort in every case\",\r\n      \"the Government servant himself only, the family being separately provided for\",\r\n      \"the Government servant himself and his family\",\r\n      \"the members of the family only where the Government servant does not travel\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 3<\/b> \u2014 'The Leave Travel Concession will cover the Government servant himself and his family.' Family is then defined exhaustively in Rule 4(d). An escort is not part of the scope as a matter of course: the facility for an escort accompanying a single handicapped Government servant rests on a separate instruction, OM No. 31011\/4\/1991-Estt.(A) dated 09.07.1991, and is subject to its own conditions.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 357,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The condition of dependency for relations included in the family is linked to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the income-tax exemption limit applicable for the relevant assessment year\",\r\n      \"the minimum of the Level 1 pay in the Pay Matrix and dearness allowance thereon\",\r\n      \"the minimum family pension prescribed in the Central Government and dearness relief thereon\",\r\n      \"the minimum wages notified by the State Government concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 1 under <b>Rule 4(d)<\/b>, resting on OM No. 31011\/4\/2008-Estt.(A) dated 23.09.2008 \u2014 'The definition of dependency will be linked to minimum family pension prescribed in Central Government and dearness relief thereon.' The same Note preserves the existing conditions in respect of the other relations, including married, divorced, abandoned, separated and widowed daughters.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 358,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The home town once declared by a Government servant and accepted by the Controlling Officer may be changed:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"not more than twice during the entire service of the Government servant\",\r\n      \"not more than once during the entire service of the Government servant\",\r\n      \"once in every block of four calendar years, if circumstances so require\",\r\n      \"at any time, on intimation to the Controlling Officer before the journey\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 5(i)<\/b> \u2014 the declaration 'shall be treated as final', though in exceptional circumstances the Head of the Department, or the Administrative Ministry where the Government servant is himself the Head of the Department, may authorise a change, 'provided that such a change shall not be made more than once during the service of a Government servant'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 359,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where the Government servant seeking a change of home town is himself the Head of the Department, the change may be authorised by the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Financial Adviser of the Ministry concerned\",\r\n      \"Controlling Officer of the office concerned\",\r\n      \"Department of Personnel and Training\",\r\n      \"Administrative Ministry\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 5(i)<\/b> vests the power in the Head of the Department, and provides that where the Government servant is himself the Head of the Department, the Administrative Ministry may authorise the change. The one-change limit continues to apply. Option (c) states the authority for a different function, namely relaxation of the Rules under the proviso to Rule 18. The provision reads: 'In exceptional circumstances, the Head of the Department (HoD) or if the Government servant itself is the HoD, the Administrative Ministry, may authorise a change in such declaration provided that such a change shall not be made more than once during the service of a Government servant'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 360,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The current test for determining whether a place declared by a Government servant may be accepted as his home town is whether it is the place where he:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"owns residential property, either individually or as a member of a joint family\",\r\n      \"would normally reside but for his absence from such a station for service under Government\",\r\n      \"was born, or where his parents were ordinarily residing at the time of his birth\",\r\n      \"has been recorded as domiciled in the records of the State Government concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 5(ii)<\/b>, resting on OM No. 43\/15\/57-Ests.(A) dated 24.06.1958 \u2014 the test is 'whether it is the place where the Government servant would normally reside but for his absence from such a station for service under Government'. Ownership of property and the residence of near relations, offered in the other options, are supplementary indicators applied by the Controlling Officer, not the governing test.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 361,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where the concession to visit any place in India is proposed to be availed of, the intended place of visit is required to be declared:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"in the claim for reimbursement submitted after the return journey\",\r\n      \"in advance, by the Government servant, to his Controlling Officer\",\r\n      \"to the Head of the Department at the time of applying for leave\",\r\n      \"to the authorised travel agent at the time of booking the tickets\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 6<\/b> \u2014 'the intended place of visit shall be declared by the Government servant in advance to his controlling officer'. The declaration may be changed before the commencement of the journey in exceptional circumstances where it is established that the request could not be made earlier owing to circumstances beyond his control, such relaxation being made by the Administrative Ministry or the Head of the Department.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 362,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A change in the declared place of visit under the all-India concession may be permitted:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"at any time, provided the reimbursement claimed does not thereby increase\",\r\n      \"at any time before the completion of the return journey, on a written request\",\r\n      \"after the commencement of the journey, with the concurrence of the Financial Adviser\",\r\n      \"before the commencement of the journey, in exceptional circumstances beyond the control of the Government servant\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 6<\/b> permits the change 'before the commencement of the journey in exceptional circumstances where it is established that the request for change could not be made before the commencement of the journey owing to circumstances beyond the control of the Govt. servant'. Once the journey has begun the declared place cannot be altered.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 363,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The Leave Travel Concession is admissible during:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"regular leave only, casual leave being expressly excluded\",\r\n      \"any period of leave, including casual leave and special casual leave\",\r\n      \"earned leave and half pay leave only\",\r\n      \"any period of leave other than leave preparatory to retirement\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 7(2)<\/b> \u2014 'The leave travel concession shall be admissible during any period of leave, including casual leave and special casual leave.' Note 3 adds that it is also admissible during child care leave and study leave. Leave preparatory to retirement is expressly covered by Note 4 under Rule 4, provided the return journey is completed before the leave expires.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 364,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The Leave Travel Concession is not admissible for journeys performed during:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"study leave availed within or outside India\",\r\n      \"leave preparatory to retirement, in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"child care leave availed by a female Government servant\",\r\n      \"the weekend holidays, without any leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 2 under <b>Rule 7<\/b> \u2014 the concession is 'Not admissible for journeys during the weekend holidays without any leave'. Some leave, of whatever kind, must therefore be taken. Note 3, resting on OM No. 13018\/6\/2013-Estt.(L) dated 03.04.2018 and OM No. 31011\/1\/88-Estt.(A) dated 30.03.1988, confirms that it is admissible during child care leave and study leave alike.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 365,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant under suspension:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"and his family members are both debarred from the concession\",\r\n      \"may avail the concession along with the members of his family\",\r\n      \"may avail the concession only in respect of the home town\",\r\n      \"cannot avail the Leave Travel Concession, though his family members remain entitled\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 17 under <b>Rule 7<\/b> \u2014 a suspended Government servant cannot avail the concession, but his family members are entitled. The reason is practical as much as disciplinary: a suspended officer cannot be granted leave, and Rule 7(2) makes the concession admissible only during a period of leave. The provision reads: 'Suspended Government servant can not avail LTC, however, his family members are entitled'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 366,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Fresh recruits to the Central Government are allowed to travel to their home town along with their families on:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"one occasion in each block of two years, as in the case of other employees\",\r\n      \"two occasions in a block of four years, and to any place in India on the remaining two\",\r\n      \"four occasions in a block of four years, the all-India concession being unavailable\",\r\n      \"three occasions in a block of four years, and to any place in India on the fourth occasion\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 13 under <b>Rule 7<\/b>, resting on OM No. 31011\/4\/2008-Estt.(A) dated 23.09.2008. The facility is time-limited: it is 'available only for the first two blocks of four years applicable after joining the Government for the first time'. Thereafter the fresh recruit reverts to the ordinary pattern of Rule 8.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 367,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The special dispensation allowing fresh recruits three home town journeys and one all-India journey in a block of four years is available for:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the first three blocks of four years after joining the Government for the first time\",\r\n      \"the first block of four years after joining the Government for the first time\",\r\n      \"the first two blocks of four years after joining the Government for the first time\",\r\n      \"the whole of the first ten years of service\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 13 under <b>Rule 7<\/b> confines the facility to the first two blocks of four years after first joining Government. The blocks are reckoned from the initial date of joining, and continue to run on that basis even if the employee subsequently changes his job within the Government, which is why a technical resignation does not restart them. The provision reads: 'This facility available only for the first two blocks of four years applicable after joining the Government for the first time'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 368,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who resigns within eight years of his appointment and joins another post in the Government after a technical resignation is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"treated as a fresh recruit from the date of joining the new post\",\r\n      \"treated as a fresh recruit from the date of his initial appointment\",\r\n      \"not treated as a fresh recruit in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"treated as a fresh recruit only for the home town concession\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 4 under <b>Rule 7<\/b>, resting on OM No. 28020\/1\/2010-Estt.(C) dated 17.08.2016 \u2014 the entitlement may be carried forward, and such a Government servant 'will be treated as a fresh recruit from the date of his initial appointment'. Reckoning from the initial appointment prevents the fresh-recruit dispensation from being renewed by moving between posts.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 369,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who declares, to the satisfaction of the Controlling Officer, that his home town is outside India:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"is not entitled to the home town concession in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"is entitled to the concession for visiting his home town, with limited Government assistance\",\r\n      \"is entitled to the concession on the same footing as any other Government servant\",\r\n      \"is entitled only to the concession to visit any place in India\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 5 under <b>Rule 7<\/b> \u2014 such a Government servant 'will also be entitled to the Leave Travel Concession for visiting his hometown, but with limited government's assistance'. The assistance is confined to the Indian leg of the journey, consistently with Rule 13, which limits reimbursement to a point to point journey over the shortest direct route.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 370,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant is deputed for training, the place of training:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"becomes his headquarters only if the training exceeds six months\",\r\n      \"does not affect his headquarters, which remain the station of his substantive post\",\r\n      \"automatically becomes his headquarters, and he may claim the concession for self and family\",\r\n      \"becomes his headquarters only for the purpose of travelling allowance on tour\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 9 under <b>Rule 7<\/b> \u2014 'In case, the officer is deputed for training, the place of training automatically becomes the headquarters of the Government servant and he is entitled to claim LTC for self and members of the family.' Where the competent authority changes the headquarters under SR 59 for travelling allowance purposes, the new headquarters is reckoned for the concession as well.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 371,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where both husband and wife are Government servants and are residing together, they:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"can claim the concession separately only in respect of the all-India concession\",\r\n      \"must claim the concession as a single unit in every block\",\r\n      \"can claim the concession separately only if posted at different stations\",\r\n      \"can claim the concession separately, subject to certain conditions\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 15 under <b>Rule 7<\/b>, resting on OM No. 31011\/8\/89-Estt.(A) dated 08.05.1990. They may at their option declare separate home towns and claim in respect of their respective families, subject to two conditions: if one avails the facility as a member of the family of the other, he or she cannot claim independently, and the children are eligible in a particular block as members of the family of one parent only. The provision reads: 'Both husband and wife who are Government servants and are residing together can claim the concession separately subject to some conditions'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 372,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where both husband and wife are Government servants, the children are eligible for the benefit in a particular block as members of the family of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"both parents, subject to the ceiling of two surviving children each\",\r\n      \"either parent, and of both if the journeys are performed separately\",\r\n      \"one of the parents only\",\r\n      \"the parent at whose headquarters they are ordinarily residing\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"The instruction underlying Note 15 to <b>Rule 7<\/b> provides that 'the children shall be eligible for the benefit in one particular block as members of the family of one of the parents only'. The rule prevents a double claim in respect of the same child in the same block, and it operates alongside the parallel bar on a spouse claiming both as a family member and independently.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 373,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The Leave Travel Concession to home town is admissible:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"only where the home town is situated outside the State in which he is posted\",\r\n      \"only where the distance between the headquarters and the home town exceeds four hundred kilometres\",\r\n      \"irrespective of the distance, once in a block of four calendar years\",\r\n      \"irrespective of the distance between the headquarters and the home town, once in a block of two calendar years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 8(a)<\/b> \u2014 the home town concession is admissible 'irrespective of the distance between the headquarters of the Government servant and his hometown, once in a block of two calendar years, such as 1986-87, 1988-89 and so on'. There is no minimum distance qualification, and none has ever been prescribed under these Rules.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 374,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The Leave Travel Concession to any place in India is admissible once in a block of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"three calendar years\",\r\n      \"two calendar years\",\r\n      \"four calendar years\",\r\n      \"five calendar years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 8(b)<\/b> \u2014 admissible irrespective of the distance of the place of visit from the headquarters, 'once in a block of four calendar years, such as 1986-89, 1990-93 and so on'. The proviso adds that where the home town concession is also admissible, the all-India concession availed shall be in lieu of, and adjusted against, the home town concession available at the time of commencement of the journey.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 375,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where the concession to visit any place in India is availed of by a Government servant who is also entitled to the home town concession, the all-India concession is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"adjusted against the home town concession of the succeeding block of two years\",\r\n      \"in addition to the home town concession available to him in that block\",\r\n      \"in lieu of, and adjusted against, the home town concession then available to him\",\r\n      \"adjusted against the leave encashment admissible to him in that block\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Proviso to <b>Rule 8(b)<\/b> \u2014 the all-India concession 'shall be in lieu of, and adjusted against, the Leave Travel Concession to hometown available to him at the time of commencement of the journey'. The four-year block therefore yields three home town journeys and one all-India journey for an ordinary employee, not four plus one.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 376,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant whose family lives away from him at his home town may, in lieu of all the concessions otherwise admissible to him and his family, choose to avail:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the concession for self only, to visit any place in India every year\",\r\n      \"the concession for self and family, to visit the home town every year\",\r\n      \"the concession to any place in India for self only, once in two years\",\r\n      \"the concession for self only, to visit the home town every year\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 8(c)<\/b> \u2014 such a Government servant may 'in lieu of all concessions under this scheme, including the Leave Travel Concession to visit any place in India once in a block of four years which would otherwise be admissible to him and members of his family, choose to avail of leave travel concession for self only to visit the hometown every year'. The election is all or nothing.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 377,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where the outward journey is performed in one block and the return journey in the succeeding block, the concession is counted against the block in which the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"leave was sanctioned by the competent authority\",\r\n      \"return journey was completed\",\r\n      \"outward journey commenced\",\r\n      \"claim for reimbursement was preferred\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 9<\/b> \u2014 the concession availed 'will be counted against the block of two years or four years within which the outward journey commenced, even if the return journey was performed after the expiry of the block'. The same principle applies to a concession availed under the carry-over facility in Rule 10, and family members may travel in different groups at different times within the block.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 378,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who is unable to avail the Leave Travel Concession within a particular block may avail it within:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the whole of the next block of two years or four years, as the case may be\",\r\n      \"the first year of the next block of two years or four years, as the case may be\",\r\n      \"six months of the expiry of the block concerned\",\r\n      \"the first two years of the next block of four years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 10<\/b> \u2014 such a Government servant 'may avail of the same within the first year of the next block of two years or four years'. The carry-over is thus limited to one year. The same rule adds a linkage: the all-India concession may be carried forward only if the home town concession for the second block of two years within that four-year block has itself been carried forward.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 379,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant entitled to the home town concession may carry forward the concession to any place in India for a block of four years only if he has:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"carried forward the home town concession in respect of the first block of two years within that block of four years\",\r\n      \"carried forward the home town concession in respect of the second block of two years within that block of four years\",\r\n      \"not availed of the home town concession at all during that block of four years\",\r\n      \"obtained the prior approval of the Head of the Department before the expiry of the block\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 10<\/b> makes the carry-over of the all-India concession conditional on the home town concession for the SECOND block of two years having been carried forward. The linkage keeps the two entitlements in step, since under the proviso to Rule 8(b) the all-India concession is adjusted against the home town concession available at the time of commencement. The provision reads: 'If a Government servant is entitled to leave travel concession to home town, he can carry forward the leave travel concession to any place in India for a block of four years only if he has carried forward the leave travel concession to home town in respect of the second block of two years within the block of four years'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 380,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"During a block of four years, in relation to the concession to visit any place in India:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the place of visit once declared is common to the Government servant and his family\",\r\n      \"the members of the family must visit the same place as the Government servant\",\r\n      \"the members of the family may visit a different place only where they travel together\",\r\n      \"the Government servant and each member of his family may visit different places of their choice\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 11<\/b> \u2014 'A Government servant and each member of his family may visit different places of their choice during a block of four years. It shall not be necessary for members of family of a Government servant to visit the same place as that visited by the Government servant himself at any time earlier during the same block.' Rule 9 separately permits them to travel in different groups at different times.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 381,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of a Government servant serving in a Vacation Department, vacation is treated, for the purpose of the Leave Travel Concession, as:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"special casual leave\",\r\n      \"casual leave\",\r\n      \"regular leave\",\r\n      \"duty, so that the concession is not admissible\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 1(i) under <b>Rule 7<\/b> \u2014 'In the case of a Government servant serving in a vacation department, vacation will be treated as regular leave for the purpose of this concession.' The provision is necessary because Rule 7(2) makes the concession admissible only during a period of leave, and vacation is not leave under the CCS (Leave) Rules at all.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 382,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The travel entitlements of Government servants for the purpose of Leave Travel Concession are the same as their travelling allowance entitlements, with the exception of the air travel entitlement for:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Level 1 to Level 5 of the Pay Matrix, which is allowed for the concession only\",\r\n      \"Level 9 to Level 11 of the Pay Matrix, which is allowed for travelling allowance only\",\r\n      \"Level 6 to Level 8 of the Pay Matrix, which is allowed for travelling allowance only\",\r\n      \"Level 12 and above of the Pay Matrix, which is allowed for the concession only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 12<\/b>, read with OM No. 31011\/8\/2017-Estt.(A-IV) dated 19.09.2017 \u2014 entitlements are the same as the travelling allowance entitlements notified by the Ministry of Finance OM dated 13.07.2017, 'except the air travel entitlement for Level 6 to Level 8 of the Pay Matrix, which is allowed in respect of TA only and not for LTC'. Those levels may therefore fly on tour but not on the concession.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 383,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In all cases of air travel on Leave Travel Concession by an entitled Government servant, air tickets are required to be purchased from:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"any travel agent recognised by the Ministry of Civil Aviation for the purpose\",\r\n      \"the airline concerned directly, and from no travel agent whatsoever\",\r\n      \"one of the three Authorised Travel Agents, namely Balmer Lawrie, Ashok Travels and Tours, and IRCTC\",\r\n      \"the Central Secretariat Staff Welfare and Amenities Committee\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 6(i) under <b>Rule 12<\/b>, resting on OM No. 31011\/12\/2022-Estt.(A-IV) dated 29.08.2022. Where an unavoidable booking is made through an unauthorised agent or website, relaxation may be granted by the Financial Advisers of the Ministry or Department and by Heads of Departments not below the rank of Joint Secretary in subordinate and attached offices. The provision reads: 'In all cases of air travel in respect of LTC, air tickets to be purchased only from the three Authorized Travel Agents (ATAs), namely (a) M\/s Balmer Lawrie and Company Limited (BLCL), (b) M\/s Ashok Travels and Tours and (c) Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation Ltd'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 384,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant booking air travel on Leave Travel Concession is required to choose the flight having the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"lowest fare offered by the national carrier on the sector concerned\",\r\n      \"Best Available Fare on his entitled travel class, being the cheapest fare available at the time of booking\",\r\n      \"LTC-80 fare of Air India, irrespective of the fares offered by other carriers\",\r\n      \"fare corresponding to the class immediately below his entitled travel class\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 6(ii) under <b>Rule 12<\/b> \u2014 employees are to choose the flight having the Best Available Fare on their entitled travel class, which is the cheapest fare available, preferably for a non-stop flight in a given slot at the time of booking. The LTC-80 requirement in option (c) reflects the earlier position, framed when Air India was the national carrier. The provision reads: 'Government employees to choose flight having the Best Available Fare on their entitled travel class which is the Cheapest Fare available, preferably for Non-stop flight in a given slot at the time of booking'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 385,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Government employees who are not entitled to travel by air but nevertheless wish to do so:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"are required to obtain the prior sanction of the Financial Adviser in every case\",\r\n      \"are required in every case to book their tickets through the three Authorised Travel Agents\",\r\n      \"are no longer required to book their tickets through the three Authorised Travel Agents\",\r\n      \"are not entitled to any reimbursement in respect of the journey performed by air\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 7(i) under <b>Rule 12<\/b>, resting on OM No. 31011\/17\/2023-Estt.A-IV dated 10.08.2023 \u2014 the requirement was dispensed with because reimbursement is in any event restricted to the actual air fare or the entitled train or bus fare for the shortest route, whichever is less. The Authorised Travel Agent requirement survives for them only under the Special Dispensation Scheme. The provision reads: 'However, in case of Special Dispensation Scheme, the Government employees not entitled for air travel under LTC, but wish to travel by air to the intended place of visit in NE region, UTs of J&K, Ladakh, A & N, are required to book their air ticket through three ATAs only'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 386,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The Special Dispensation Scheme under which employees not otherwise entitled to air travel must book through the Authorised Travel Agents applies to travel to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"any place situated more than two thousand kilometres from the headquarters of the employee\",\r\n      \"the North-Eastern Region and the Union Territory of Lakshadweep only\",\r\n      \"the North-Eastern Region, the Union Territories of Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands\",\r\n      \"any place not connected by rail from the headquarters of the Government servant concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 7(ii) under <b>Rule 12<\/b>. The same Note places cancellation charges on the employee in the ordinary case. Note 9 records that the scheme allowing travel by air to those regions was extended for a further two years with effect from 26 September 2024 until 25 September 2026, vide OM No. 31011\/15\/2022-Estt.(A-IV) dated 17.09.2024. The provision reads: 'The scheme allowing Government servants to travel by air to North East Region (NER), Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), Union Territory of Ladakh and Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (A&N) is extended for a further period of two years, w.e.f'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 387,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The flexi-fare, or dynamic fare, component applicable in Rajdhani, Shatabdi and Duronto trains is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"inadmissible in all circumstances, being in the nature of an incidental charge\",\r\n      \"admissible in every case where the entitled class is that of those trains\",\r\n      \"admissible for journeys actually performed by those trains on Leave Travel Concession\",\r\n      \"admissible only where the Government servant is entitled to travel by air\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 4(i) under <b>Rule 12<\/b>, resting on OM No. 31011\/3\/2016-Estt.(A-IV) dated 17.04.2017 \u2014 the dynamic fare is admissible for journeys performed by those trains, but 'shall not be admissible in cases, where a non-entitled Government servant travels by air and claims reimbursement for the entitled class of Rajdhani \/ Shatabdi \/ Duronto trains'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 388,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following trains:\\n1. Tejas Express\\n2. Vande Bharat Express\\n3. Humsafar Express\\nHow many of the above have been allowed for travel under the Leave Travel Concession as per the entitlement of the Government employee?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Only one\",\r\n      \"Only two\",\r\n      \"All three\",\r\n      \"None\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 4(ii) under <b>Rule 12<\/b>, resting on OM No. 31011\/3\/2022-PP.A-IV dated 14.01.2025 \u2014 travel by Tejas Express, Vande Bharat Express and Humsafar Express has been allowed under the concession, in addition to the existing Rajdhani, Shatabdi and Duronto trains, as per the entitlement of the Government employee. The provision reads: 'Admissibility of travel, apart from existing Rajdhani, Shatabdi and Duronto trains, travel by Tejas Express, Vande Bharat Express and Humsafar Express trains under LTC as per the entitlement of the Government employees, has now been allowed while availing of LTC'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 389,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In respect of children of Government servants who are not entitled to travel by air, no reimbursement is made for an air journey performed by children aged less than:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"eight years\",\r\n      \"three years\",\r\n      \"five years\",\r\n      \"twelve years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 3(i) under <b>Rule 12<\/b>, resting on OM No. 31011\/3\/2016-Estt.(A-IV) dated 16.05.2018. Note 3(ii) deals with the next age band: the actual rail fare in respect of children of the 5 to 12 years age group is reimbursed for the concession, as per the choice of rail tickets purchased by the Government servant. The provision reads: 'No reimbursement shall be made in respect of the air journey performed by children, aged less than 5 years, of the Government servants who are not entitled to travel by air on LTC'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 390,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Tours conducted by which of the following qualify for the purpose of availing the Leave Travel Concession?\\n1. India Tourism Development Corporation\\n2. State Tourism Development Corporations\\n3. Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Notes 2(i) and 2(ii) under <b>Rule 12<\/b> \u2014 tours conducted by ITDC and the State Tourism Development Corporations, whether in their own buses or in buses hired or chartered by them, qualify, and tours conducted by IRCTC qualify on the same lines subject to conditions. Note 2(iii) further allows reimbursement of air fare along with rail and road fare in IRCTC tours. The provision reads: 'The tours conducted by India Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC)\/ State Tourism Development Corporations (STDCs) either in their own buses or buses hired or chartered by them from outside will qualify for the purpose of availing LTC facilities'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 391,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Reimbursement under the Leave Travel Concession scheme does not cover:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"sleeper and reservation charges in respect of the journey performed\",\r\n      \"incidental expenses and expenditure incurred on local journeys\",\r\n      \"the element of service tax and other similar levies charged on travel\",\r\n      \"charges for booking of rail tickets through the website of Indian Railways\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 13<\/b> \u2014 reimbursement 'shall not cover incidental expenses and expenditure incurred on local journeys', and is allowed only on the basis of a point to point journey on a through ticket over the shortest direct route. The three items in the other options are all expressly reimbursable under Notes 3, 6 and 4 to that rule respectively.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 392,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Reimbursement of service charges paid to recognised Travellers' Service Agents for the booking of tickets on Leave Travel Concession is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"allowed in full, as part of the cost of the journey\",\r\n      \"not allowed\",\r\n      \"allowed to the extent of half the amount actually paid\",\r\n      \"allowed only where the booking is made for an air journey\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 5 under <b>Rule 13<\/b> \u2014 'Reimbursement of service charges paid to the recognized Traveller's Service Agents for booking of tickets on Leave Travel Concession shall not be allowed.' Contrast Note 4, which allows reimbursement of the charges for booking rail tickets through the internet or e-ticketing on the website of Indian Railways for official tours and for the concession.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 393,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant travels up to the nearest railway station by an authorised mode and completes the remaining journey by his own arrangement in a stretch where no public transport is available, reimbursement is admissible for a maximum distance of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the whole of the distance so covered, on self-certification\",\r\n      \"100 kilometres, being 50 kilometres each side\",\r\n      \"300 kilometres, being 150 kilometres each side\",\r\n      \"200 kilometres, being 100 kilometres each side\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 10(ii) under <b>Rule 13<\/b> \u2014 he may be reimbursed as per his entitlement for a journey on transfer 'for a maximum limit of 200 Kms (100 kms each side) covered by the private\/personal transport based on a self-certification', the expenditure beyond that being borne by him. Where public transport is available, Note 10(i) allows the fare by the entitled mode of public transport.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 394,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant opts for catering services while booking tickets for the purpose of Leave Travel Concession, the catering charges are:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"reimbursed in respect of all trains without distinction\",\r\n      \"reimbursed in respect of eligible trains\",\r\n      \"not reimbursed, being in the nature of incidental expenses\",\r\n      \"reimbursed only where the journey exceeds twenty-four hours\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 8 under <b>Rule 13<\/b>, resting on OM No. 31011\/17\/2023-Estt.A-IV dated 10.08.2023 \u2014 'Wherever employees opt for catering services while booking the tickets for the eligible trains for the purpose of LTC, the reimbursement of catering charges shall be allowed.' The concession is confined to eligible trains, that is, those in which the employee may travel on his entitlement.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 395,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Cancellation charges levied by the airlines and by the three Authorised Travel Agents are reimbursed:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"only in respect of charges levied by the airlines, and not by the agents\",\r\n      \"in every case in which the journey is not ultimately performed\",\r\n      \"only where the cancellation is on medical grounds certified by a competent authority\",\r\n      \"on grounds of official exigencies only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 9 under <b>Rule 13<\/b>, resting on OM No. 31011\/17\/2023-Estt.A-IV dated 10.08.2023 \u2014 both types of cancellation charges 'shall be reimbursed on the ground of official exigencies only'. In the ordinary case of cancellation, Note 7(ii) under Rule 12 places the charges on the Government employee concerned.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 396,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The time limit prescribed for the administration to verify a Leave Travel Concession claim after the bill is submitted by a Government employee posted at his headquarters is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"15 working days\",\r\n      \"5 working days\",\r\n      \"7 working days\",\r\n      \"10 working days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 7 under <b>Rule 13<\/b>, resting on OM No. 31011\/3\/2015-Estt.(A.IV) dated 18.02.2016. The full chain is: leave sanction 5 working days; sanction of the advance or leave encashment 5 working days; verification of the claim 10 working days; the Drawing and Disbursing Officer 5 working days; and the Pay and Accounts Office 5 working days, with 3 additional days of transit time where the employee is posted away from headquarters. The provision reads: 'Time taken by Administration for verification of LTC claim after the LTC bill is submitted by the Government employee for settlement 10 working days'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 397,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where an employee is posted away from his headquarters, the prescribed timelines for processing his Leave Travel Concession applications and claims are extended by an additional transit time of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"7 working days at each stage\",\r\n      \"5 working days at each stage\",\r\n      \"3 working days at each stage\",\r\n      \"10 working days at each stage\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"The table in Note 7 under <b>Rule 13<\/b> carries the footnote that 'Additional 3 days transit time may be allowed in cases where the place of posting of the Government employees is away from their Headquarters'. The addition applies at each stage of the chain, and it is the reason examination questions on the ten-day verification limit are careful to specify an employee posted at headquarters.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 398,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A claim for reimbursement of expenditure incurred on a journey under the Leave Travel Concession, where no advance had been drawn, is required to be submitted within:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"six months after the completion of the return journey\",\r\n      \"one month after the completion of the return journey\",\r\n      \"three months after the completion of the return journey\",\r\n      \"one month after the commencement of the outward journey\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 14<\/b> \u2014 failure to do so 'will entail forfeiture of the claim and no relaxation shall be permissible in this regard'. The Ministry or Department concerned may nevertheless admit the claim within six months, with the concurrence of the Financial Adviser and without reference to DoPT, vide OM No. 31011\/3\/2015-Estt.A-IV dated 21.12.2023. One month is the limit where an advance was drawn, under Rule 15(f).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 399,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The maximum relaxation of the time limit for admitting a Leave Travel Concession claim where no advance has been drawn, available to a Ministry or Department with the concurrence of its Financial Adviser and without a reference to the Department of Personnel and Training, is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"one year after the completion of the return journey\",\r\n      \"three months after the completion of the return journey\",\r\n      \"six months after the completion of the return journey\",\r\n      \"six months from the date of commencement of the outward journey\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 14<\/b>, as it now stands after OM No. 31011\/3\/2015-Estt.A-IV dated 21.12.2023 \u2014 'the Ministry\/Department concerned with the concurrence of Financial Advisor can admit the claims within six months, if no advance has been drawn without reference to DoP&T'. The normal limit of three months is otherwise absolute, forfeiture being the stated consequence.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 400,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The amount of advance granted to a Government servant to enable him to avail the Leave Travel Concession is limited in each case to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"100 per cent of the estimated amount which Government would have to reimburse in respect of the cost of the journey both ways\",\r\n      \"90 per cent of the estimated amount which Government would have to reimburse in respect of the cost of the journey both ways\",\r\n      \"75 per cent of the estimated amount which Government would have to reimburse in respect of the cost of the journey both ways\",\r\n      \"50 per cent of the estimated amount which Government would have to reimburse in respect of the cost of the journey both ways\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 15(a)<\/b> as applied. The un-amended rule text still reads 'four-fifths', that is 80 per cent, but the ceiling was raised to 90 per cent by OM No. 14028\/7\/97-Estt.(L) dated 07.10.1997 giving effect to the Fifth Central Pay Commission, and 90 per cent is the figure DoPT applies and examinations have consistently treated as correct. The provision reads: 'The amount of such advance in each case shall be limited to four-fifths of the estimated amount, which Government would have to reimburse in respect of the cost of the journey both ways'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 401,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An advance may be drawn for both the forward and the return journeys at the time of commencement of the forward journey, provided the leave taken or the anticipated absence of the family does not exceed:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"three months or ninety days\",\r\n      \"one month or thirty days\",\r\n      \"two months or sixty days\",\r\n      \"six months or one hundred and eighty days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 15(c)<\/b> \u2014 where that limit is exceeded, the advance may be drawn for the outward journey only. Clause (d) supplies the consequence where the limit is crossed after the advance has already been drawn for both journeys: 'one half of the advance should be refunded to the Government forthwith', not the whole of it.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 402,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where the limit of three months or ninety days is exceeded after an advance has already been drawn for both the outward and return journeys, the Government servant is required to refund:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"one half of the advance, forthwith\",\r\n      \"the whole of the advance, forthwith\",\r\n      \"one half of the advance, at the time of settlement of the claim\",\r\n      \"the whole of the advance, in convenient monthly instalments\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 15(d)<\/b> \u2014 'If the limit of 3 months or ninety days is exceeded after the advance had already been drawn for both the journeys, one half of the advance should be refunded to the Government forthwith.' Refund of the entire advance is required in two different situations: where the outward journey is not commenced within thirty days under clause (e), and where the claim is not preferred within one month under clause (f).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 403,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The advance drawn for the Leave Travel Concession is required to be refunded in full if the outward journey is not commenced within:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"30 days of the grant of the advance\",\r\n      \"10 days of the grant of the advance\",\r\n      \"60 days of the grant of the advance\",\r\n      \"65 days of the grant of the advance\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 15(e)<\/b> \u2014 'The advance should be refunded in full if the outward journey is not commenced within 30 days of the grant of advance.' The same clause creates an exception for cases where reservations can be made well in advance: the Government servant should then produce the tickets within ten days of the drawal of the advance, irrespective of the date of commencement of the journey.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 404,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where an advance is drawn for the purpose of availing the Leave Travel Concession, the Government servant is required to produce the outward journey tickets to the competent authority within:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"ten days of the drawal of the advance\",\r\n      \"fifteen days of the drawal of the advance\",\r\n      \"thirty days of the drawal of the advance\",\r\n      \"sixty-five days of the drawal of the advance\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 2 under <b>Rule 15<\/b>, resting on OM No. 31011\/8\/2015-Estt.(A-IV) dated 13.05.2016 \u2014 the tickets must be produced within ten days 'in order to verify that he has actually utilised the amount to purchase the tickets'. The requirement is irrespective of the date of commencement of the journey, and the fifteen-day figure in option (b) is a common distractor in examination papers.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 405,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The time limit for drawal of the Leave Travel Concession advance where the journey is proposed to be undertaken by air, sea or road is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"65 days before the proposed date of the outward journey\",\r\n      \"125 days before the proposed date of the outward journey\",\r\n      \"30 days before the proposed date of the outward journey\",\r\n      \"90 days before the proposed date of the outward journey\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 15<\/b>, read with OM No. 31011\/8\/2015-Estt.(A-IV) dated 13.05.2016, the time limit for drawal of the advance was increased from 65 days to 125 days in the case of a journey BY TRAIN, following the increase in the railway advance reservation period to 120 days, while 'cases where the LTC journey is proposed to be undertaken by other modes of transport viz. air\/sea\/road, the time-limit for drawing LTC advance shall remain 65 days only'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 406,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where an advance has been drawn, the claim for reimbursement of the expenditure incurred on the journey is required to be submitted within:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"one month of the completion of the return journey\",\r\n      \"three months of the completion of the return journey\",\r\n      \"six months of the completion of the return journey\",\r\n      \"one month of the commencement of the outward journey\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 15(f)<\/b> \u2014 on failure to do so 'he shall be required to refund the entire amount of advance forthwith in one lump sum. No request for recovery of the advance in instalments shall be entertained.' Note 1 allows the Ministry or Department, with the concurrence of the Financial Adviser, to admit such a claim provided the entire advance is returned within three months, with interest from the date of drawal to the date of recovery.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 407,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The relaxation of the normal time limit of six months between the commencement and the completion of the journey by the family of a Government servant is exercisable by:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Heads of Departments\",\r\n      \"the Department of Personnel and Training\",\r\n      \"the Financial Adviser of the Ministry concerned\",\r\n      \"the Controlling Officer of the office concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 4 under <b>Rule 15<\/b>, resting on MHA OM No. 43\/3\/68-Est.(A) dated 19.07.1968 \u2014 'Relaxation of normal time-limit of six months between commencement and completion of the journey by the family of a Govt. Servant shall be exercised by Heads of Departments.' The power is thus devolved, and does not require a reference to the Department of Personnel and Training.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 408,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where one and the same Leave Travel Concession is availed of by a Government servant and by his family members separately in a block year, encashment of earned leave is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"restricted to one occasion only\",\r\n      \"admissible on both the occasions separately\",\r\n      \"admissible only on the occasion on which the Government servant himself travels\",\r\n      \"admissible on both occasions, subject to five days on each occasion\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 5(i) under <b>Rule 15<\/b>, resting on OM No. 14028\/2\/2012-Estt.(L) dated 09.02.2015 \u2014 'when the one and the same LTC is being availed of by the Government servant and his family members separately in a block year, encashment of leave would be restricted to one occasion only'. The ten-day facility itself is available at the time of availing both types of the concession.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 409,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where both husband and wife are Government servants, encashment of earned leave at the time of availing the Leave Travel Concession is available:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"to both, subject to a maximum of sixty days each during the career\",\r\n      \"to one of them only, at their option, in any given block\",\r\n      \"to both, subject to a maximum of sixty days between them during the career\",\r\n      \"to both, without any overall ceiling during the career\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 5(ii) under <b>Rule 15<\/b>, resting on OM No. 31011\/4\/2008-Estt.(A) dated 23.09.2008 \u2014 the entitlement for availing the concession remains unchanged and encashment of leave equal to ten days will continue to be available to both, 'subject to a maximum of sixty days each during the career'. The same Note confirms that leave so encashed is not deducted from the maximum encashable at retirement.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 410,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government employee decides to forgo his claim for reimbursement of travel undertaken on a private or hired vehicle, or his claim is nil, encashment of earned leave is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"allowed\",\r\n      \"not allowed, there being no reimbursable journey\",\r\n      \"allowed only to the extent of five days\",\r\n      \"allowed only where the journey was to the declared home town\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 5(vi) under <b>Rule 15<\/b>, resting on OM No. 31011\/06\/2023-Estt.A-IV dated 29.03.2023. The rationale is that encashment is permitted 'without any linkage to the number of days and the nature of leave availed while proceeding on LTC', so the absence of a monetary claim for the journey does not defeat it.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 411,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 16 TO 19: FRAUDULENT CLAIMS, INTERPRETATION AND RELAXATION\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where the Disciplinary Authority decides to initiate disciplinary proceedings against a Government servant on the charge of preferring a fraudulent Leave Travel Concession claim, such Government servant:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"shall not be allowed the concession till the finalisation of such proceedings\",\r\n      \"shall be allowed the concession, subject to recovery if the charge is established\",\r\n      \"shall not be allowed the concession for the block in which the claim was made\",\r\n      \"shall be allowed the concession in respect of the members of his family only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 16(1)<\/b> \u2014 the withholding operates from the decision to initiate proceedings and lasts until they are finalised. The Explanation to the rule defines the unit of withholding: the home town concession and the all-India concession 'shall constitute two sets of the Leave Travel Concession'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 412,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 16 TO 19: FRAUDULENT CLAIMS, INTERPRETATION AND RELAXATION\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where disciplinary proceedings on a charge of a fraudulent Leave Travel Concession claim result in the imposition of any of the penalties specified in the CCS (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1965, the Government servant shall not be allowed:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the next two sets of the concession, in addition to the sets already withheld during the pendency of the proceedings\",\r\n      \"the next two sets of the concession, inclusive of the sets already withheld during the pendency of the proceedings\",\r\n      \"any further set of the concession for the remainder of his service\",\r\n      \"the next set of the concession, the sets already withheld being restored to him\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 16(2)<\/b> \u2014 the two further sets are withheld 'in addition to the sets already withheld during the pendency of the disciplinary proceedings'. The same sub-rule empowers the controlling authority, for reasons to be recorded in writing, to disallow more than two sets. Any of the penalties in Rule 11 of the CCS (CCA) Rules attracts the consequence, whether minor or major.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 413,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 16 TO 19: FRAUDULENT CLAIMS, INTERPRETATION AND RELAXATION\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant is fully exonerated of a charge of preferring a fraudulent Leave Travel Concession claim, he shall be allowed to avail the concession withheld earlier as additional sets:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"in future block years, but before the normal date of his superannuation\",\r\n      \"in the block year in which the exoneration takes place only\",\r\n      \"at any time, including after the date of his superannuation\",\r\n      \"only to the extent of one set, whatever the number withheld\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 16(3)<\/b> \u2014 he 'shall be allowed to avail of the concession withheld earlier as additional set (s) in future block years but before the normal date of his superannuation'. The restoration is therefore complete in number but bounded in time, since the concession cannot survive the officer's retirement.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 414,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 16 TO 19: FRAUDULENT CLAIMS, INTERPRETATION AND RELAXATION\",\r\n    \"question\": \"For the purposes of the rule dealing with fraudulent claims, the two sets of the Leave Travel Concession are:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the concession to the home town and the concession to any place in India\",\r\n      \"the concession availed by the Government servant and that availed by his family\",\r\n      \"the outward journey and the return journey of a single concession\",\r\n      \"the two home town journeys admissible within a block of four calendar years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"The Explanation to <b>Rule 16<\/b> \u2014 the concessions specified in clauses (a) and (b) of Rule 8, namely the home town concession and the concession to any place in India, 'shall constitute two sets of the Leave Travel Concession'. The definition is what gives content to the withholding of two sets under Rule 16(2).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 415,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 16 TO 19: FRAUDULENT CLAIMS, INTERPRETATION AND RELAXATION\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Following the introduction of the computerised booking system by the Ministry of Railways, what has been made mandatory for Leave Travel Concession claims?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"The PNR number\",\r\n      \"The ticket number alone\",\r\n      \"A verification certificate from the station master\",\r\n      \"A certificate from the authorised travel agent\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Note 2 under <b>Rule 16<\/b>, resting on OM No. 31011\/11\/2000-Estt.(A) dated 23.04.2001 \u2014 when the Indian Railways expressed their inconvenience in furnishing a verification certificate on the basis of the ticket number alone, the PNR number was made mandatory for claims. Note 1 separately records the general principles for determining the genuineness of a claim. The provision reads: 'After the introduction of computerized booking system by Ministry of Railways, when Indian Railways expressed their inconvenience in furnishing verification certificate on the basis of Ticket No. alone, PNR No. is made mandatory for LTC claims'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 416,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 16 TO 19: FRAUDULENT CLAIMS, INTERPRETATION AND RELAXATION\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where any doubt arises regarding any of the provisions of the Leave Travel Concession Rules, the matter is required to be referred for decision to the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Department of Personnel and Training\",\r\n      \"Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions\",\r\n      \"Ministry of Finance, Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Ministry of Civil Aviation, in the case of air travel\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 17<\/b> \u2014 'If there is any doubt regarding any of the provisions in these rules, the matter shall be referred to the Department of Personnel and Training, who shall decide the same.' Contrast <b>Rule 64<\/b> of the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972, which refers a doubt as to the interpretation of those rules to the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 417,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 16 TO 19: FRAUDULENT CLAIMS, INTERPRETATION AND RELAXATION\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An order relaxing the requirements of a provision of the Leave Travel Concession Rules, where its operation causes undue hardship in a particular case, requires the concurrence of the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Department of Personnel and Training\",\r\n      \"Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions\",\r\n      \"Financial Adviser of the Ministry or Department concerned\",\r\n      \"Comptroller and Auditor-General of India\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Proviso to <b>Rule 18<\/b> \u2014 'no such order shall be made except with the concurrence of the Department of Personnel and Training'. The main provision permits the Ministry or Department to dispense with or relax the requirement 'by order, for reasons to be recorded in writing'. Under Rule 65 of the CCS (Leave) Rules the corresponding concurrence is that of the Ministry, not the Department.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 418,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 16 TO 19: FRAUDULENT CLAIMS, INTERPRETATION AND RELAXATION\",\r\n    \"question\": \"All existing instructions which are not contrary to any of the provisions of these Rules, and all instructions covering matters not specifically covered by them, shall:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"continue to be in force until they are amended, modified or cancelled\",\r\n      \"cease to operate on the commencement of these Rules\",\r\n      \"continue in force for a period of one year from the commencement of these Rules\",\r\n      \"continue in force only to the extent expressly saved by the Department of Personnel and Training\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 19<\/b> \u2014 such instructions 'shall continue to be in force until they are amended, modified or cancelled'. The saving is what preserves the large body of Office Memoranda which supplies most of the operative detail of the scheme, and which the consolidated guidelines of the Department of Personnel and Training bring together under the rule headings.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 419,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Situation)\\nA. No advance drawn\\nB. Advance drawn\\nC. Relaxation where no advance drawn, with the Financial Adviser's concurrence\\nD. Production of outward journey tickets after drawal of advance\\nList-II (Time limit)\\n1. Within one month of completion of the return journey\\n2. Within ten days of the drawal of the advance\\n3. Within three months after completion of the return journey\\n4. Within six months after completion of the return journey\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 14<\/b> prescribes three months where no advance was drawn, and permits the Ministry or Department with the Financial Adviser's concurrence to admit the claim within six months; <b>Rule 15(f)<\/b> prescribes one month where an advance was drawn; and Note 2 under Rule 15 requires the outward journey tickets to be produced within ten days of the drawal of the advance. The provision reads: 'Where an advance has been drawn by a Government servant, the claim for reimbursement of the expenditure incurred on the journey shall be submitted within one month of the completion of the return journey'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 420,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the Leave Travel Concession advance:\\n1. The advance may be drawn separately where the family travels separately from the Government servant.\\n2. The advance is to be refunded in full if the outward journey is not commenced within thirty days of its grant.\\n3. Where the claim is not preferred within the prescribed time after an advance has been drawn, recovery of the advance may be allowed in convenient monthly instalments.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 reproduce <b>Rule 15(b)<\/b> and <b>Rule 15(e)<\/b>. Statement 3 is the reverse of <b>Rule 15(f)<\/b>, which requires the entire amount of the advance to be refunded 'forthwith in one lump sum' and provides in terms that 'No request for recovery of the advance in instalments shall be entertained'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 421,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. The Leave Travel Concession to the home town is admissible once in a block of two calendar years.\\n2. A Government servant unable to avail the concession within a block may avail it within the first year of the next block.\\n3. The concession is counted against the block in which the return journey was completed.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 reproduce <b>Rule 8(a)<\/b> and <b>Rule 10<\/b>. Statement 3 reverses <b>Rule 9<\/b>, under which the concession is counted against the block 'within which the outward journey commenced, even if the return journey was performed after the expiry of the block of two years or four years'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 422,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Arrange the following stages of processing a Leave Travel Concession application and claim in the order in which they occur, together with the working days prescribed for each:\\n1. Time taken by the Pay and Accounts Office\\n2. Sanction of the Leave Travel Concession advance\\n3. Verification of the claim by the administration after the bill is submitted\\n4. Time taken by the Drawing and Disbursing Officer\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"2, 3, 4, 1\",\r\n      \"3, 2, 4, 1\",\r\n      \"2, 4, 3, 1\",\r\n      \"2, 3, 1, 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"The table in Note 7 under <b>Rule 13<\/b> sets the sequence and the limits: leave sanction 5 working days, sanction of the advance or leave encashment 5 working days, verification of the claim by the administration after the bill is submitted 10 working days, the Drawing and Disbursing Officer 5 working days, and the Pay and Accounts Office 5 working days, with 3 additional days of transit time for outstation postings. The provision reads: 'Time taken by Administration for verification of LTC claim after the LTC bill is submitted by the Government employee for settlement 10 working days'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 423,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the persons to whom the Central Civil Services (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988 apply:\\n1. They apply to civilian Government servants in the Defence Services in connection with the affairs of the Union.\\n2. They apply to persons employed under a State Government who are on deputation with the Central Government.\\n3. They apply to persons appointed on contract basis.\\n4. They apply to members of the Armed Forces.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 1(3)<\/b> extends the Rules to civil services and posts including civilian Government servants in the Defence Services, State Government employees on deputation with the Centre, persons appointed on contract basis, and persons re-employed after retirement. Statement 4 offends <b>Rule 1(4)(e)<\/b>, which excludes members of the Armed Forces altogether. The provision reads: 'Subject to the provisions of sub-rule 1(4), applicable to all persons - (i) who are appointed to civil services and posts including civilian Government servants in the Defence Services in connection with the affairs of the Union'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 424,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following statements regarding the non-application of the Leave Travel Concession Rules are correct?\\n1. They do not apply to Government servants who are not in whole-time employment.\\n2. They do not apply to persons paid from contingencies.\\n3. They do not apply to local recruits in Indian Missions abroad.\\n4. They do not apply to a person eligible to any other form of travel concession available during leave or otherwise.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Only one\",\r\n      \"Only two\",\r\n      \"Only three\",\r\n      \"All four\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 1(4)<\/b> supports all four \u2014 clause (a) Government servants not in whole-time employment, clause (c) persons paid from contingencies, clause (f) local recruits in Indian Missions abroad, and clause (g) any person eligible to another form of travel concession available during leave or otherwise. Clauses (b), (d) and (e) add casual and daily rated employees, Railway servants and members of the Armed Forces. The provision reads: 'g) person eligible to any other form of travel concession available during leave or otherwise'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 425,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. Railway employees may be allowed to avail All India Leave Travel Concession once in a block of four years.\\n2. Industrial and work-charged staff entitled to regular leave are eligible for the concession in the same manner as other Central Government employees.\\n3. Officers of autonomous bodies deputed to the Central Government are treated as permanent Government servants for the purpose of the concession.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 rest on the footnote to <b>Rule 1(4)(d)<\/b>, following OM No. 31011\/15\/2017-Estt.A-IV dated 27.03.2018, and on Note 2 under Rule 1(4), which also fixes 1960-61 as the first block for such staff. Statement 3 reverses Note 1, under which such officers are treated as TEMPORARY Government servants during the period of their deputation. The provision reads: 'Industrial and work-charged staff who are entitled to regular leave will also be eligible to avail of the Leave Travel Concession in the same manner as other Central Government employees'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 426,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the special provisions applicable to certain categories of employees:\\n1. The concession is admissible on completion of one year's continuous service under the Central Government.\\n2. The certificate required must show a likelihood of at least four years' further service in the case of the home town concession.\\n3. Where an initial contract of one year is later extended, the total duration of the contract is taken into account.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 3 reproduce <b>Rule 2(1)<\/b> and <b>Rule 2(2)<\/b>. Statement 2 transposes the two periods: Rule 2(1) requires certification of at least TWO years' likely further service for the home town concession and at least FOUR years for the concession to any place in India, the periods matching the two-year and four-year blocks in Rule 8. The provision reads: 'In the case of officers appointed on contract basis, where the initial contract is for one year but is later extended, the total duration of the contract will be taken into account for the purpose of Leave Travel Concession'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 427,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the definition of 'family':\\n1. The spouse and two surviving unmarried children wholly dependent on the Government servant are included irrespective of whether they reside with him.\\n2. Parents and stepparents wholly dependent on the Government servant are included only if they reside with him.\\n3. Widowed daughters are included only if they are residing with and wholly dependent on the Government servant.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 3 reproduce <b>Rule 4(d)(i)<\/b> and <b>Rule 4(d)(ii)<\/b>. Statement 2 is wrong: under <b>Rule 4(d)(iii)<\/b> parents and stepparents wholly dependent on the Government employee are included 'irrespective of whether they are residing with the Government employee or not'. The residence test applies to daughters in clause (ii) and to brothers and sisters in clause (iv), not to parents.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 428,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following are cases in which the restriction of the concession to two surviving children does not apply?\\n1. Employees who already had more than two children prior to 20th October, 1997\\n2. Children born within one year of the coming into force of the restriction\\n3. Where the number of children exceeds two as a result of a second childbirth resulting in multiple births\\n4. Where the third child is taken in adoption after the coming into force of the restriction\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Only one\",\r\n      \"Only two\",\r\n      \"Only three\",\r\n      \"All four\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Explanation 1 to <b>Rule 4(d)<\/b> saves the first three cases only. Adoption after the restriction came into force is not among them, so statement 4 fails. The concept of adoption belongs to the CCS (Leave) Rules, where Rules 43-AA and 43-B provide for paternity leave for child adoption and child adoption leave, and has no counterpart in these Rules. The provision reads: 'The restriction of the concession to only two surviving children or step children shall not be applicable in respect of - (i) those employees who already have more than two children prior to the coming into force of this restriction i.e'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 429,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. Not more than one wife is included in the term 'family', but a second wife is included where the second marriage was with the specific permission of the Government.\\n2. The children of divorced, abandoned, separated or widowed sisters are included in the term 'family'.\\n3. The condition of dependency is not applicable to the husband and wife, who serve as one unit for the purpose of the concession.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 3 reproduce Notes 2 under <b>Rule 4(d)<\/b>. Statement 2 reverses Note 3, which provides that 'Children of divorced, abandoned, separated from their husbands or widowed sisters are not included in the term Family'. The sisters themselves may be included under Rule 4(d)(iv), if residing with and wholly dependent on the Government servant, but their children are not.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 430,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the definitions in these Rules:\\n1. 'Controlling officer' means an officer declared as such under Supplementary Rule 191.\\n2. 'Shortest direct route' has the same meaning as in Supplementary Rule 30 and the orders issued thereunder.\\n3. 'Disciplinary Authority' has the same meaning as in Rule 11 of the CCS (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1965.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 reproduce <b>Rules 4(b)<\/b> and <b>4(f)<\/b>. Statement 3 cites the wrong provision: <b>Rule 4(c)<\/b> adopts the meaning in Clause (g) of Rule 2 of the CCS (CCA) Rules, 1965. Rule 11 of those Rules lists the penalties, and is the provision referred to in <b>Rule 16(2)<\/b> of these Rules on the consequences of a fraudulent claim. The provision reads: 'shortest direct route shall have the same meaning as given in Supplementary Rule 30 and orders issued thereunder from time to time'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 431,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the home town of a Government servant:\\n1. It means the town, village or other place declared as such by the Government servant and accepted by the Controlling Officer.\\n2. Once declared and accepted it is treated as final, subject to one change during the entire service.\\n3. Where the Government servant is himself the Head of the Department, a change may be authorised by the Controlling Officer.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 reproduce <b>Rule 4(e)<\/b> and <b>Rule 5(i)<\/b>. Statement 3 substitutes the wrong authority: under Rule 5(i) it is the Head of the Department who may authorise a change, and where the Government servant is himself the Head of the Department, the ADMINISTRATIVE MINISTRY. The Controlling Officer's function is to accept the original declaration, not to permit a change. The provision reads: 'hometown means the town, village or any other place declared as such by the Government servant and accepted by the controlling officer'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 432,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. Where a female Government servant marries at her home town while on the concession, the concession may be allowed to her husband for the journey from the home town to her headquarters.\\n2. A newly married wife coming from the home town to the headquarters station is also allowed the concession.\\n3. Where a Government servant has left his spouse and dependent children at a place other than his headquarters, the concession in respect of them is admissible from his headquarters only.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 rest on Note 3 under <b>Rule 4(d)<\/b>. Statement 3 reverses Note 5(i), under which the concession in respect of the family may be allowed 'from the place of their residence to hometown in a block of 2 years or any place in India in a block of 4 years'. Note 5(ii) further allows full reimbursement for family journeys from any place in India to the headquarters and back.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 433,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding a person re-employed immediately after retirement without any break:\\n1. The period of re-employed service is treated as continuous with the previous service for the purpose of the concession.\\n2. The concession is allowed for the re-employed period only if it would have been admissible had he continued as a serving officer.\\n3. Where he availed the concession to visit any place in India before retirement, he may avail it again immediately on re-employment.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 reproduce <b>Rule 2(3)<\/b>. Statement 3 contradicts the illustration to that sub-rule: 'If an officer has availed of the concession to visit any place in India in respect of a block of four years before his retirement and he is re-employed without any break, he cannot avail this concession till the expiry of the particular block of four years.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 434,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 1 TO 4: APPLICATION, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. The Leave Travel Concession covers the Government servant himself and his family.\\n2. 'A place in India' covers any place within the territory of India, whether on the mainland or overseas.\\n3. The condition of dependency for relations included in the family is linked to the minimum family pension prescribed in the Central Government and dearness relief thereon.\\nWhich of the statements given above is\/are NOT correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"None\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"All three statements are correct. Statement 1 reproduces <b>Rule 3<\/b>, statement 2 reproduces <b>Rule 4(a)<\/b>, and statement 3 reproduces Note 1 under <b>Rule 4(d)<\/b>, resting on OM No. 31011\/4\/2008-Estt.(A) dated 23.09.2008, which also preserves the existing conditions for married, divorced, abandoned, separated and widowed daughters. The provision reads: 'The definition of dependency will be linked to minimum family pension prescribed in Central Government and dearness relief thereon'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 435,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following statements regarding the acceptance of a declared home town are correct?\\n1. The current test is whether the place is one where the Government servant would normally reside but for his absence for service under Government.\\n2. The declaration once accepted is final, subject to one change during the whole service.\\n3. In exceptional circumstances the Head of the Department may authorise a change in the declaration.\\n4. A change may be authorised once in every block of four calendar years.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Only one\",\r\n      \"Only two\",\r\n      \"Only three\",\r\n      \"All four\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1, 2 and 3 rest on <b>Rule 5(ii)<\/b> and <b>Rule 5(i)<\/b>. Statement 4 is wrong: Rule 5(i) permits a change 'such a change shall not be made more than once during the service of a Government servant', and has no connection with the block years, which are the units of entitlement under Rule 8 rather than of declaration.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 436,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the declaration of the place of visit under the concession to any place in India:\\n1. The intended place of visit is to be declared by the Government servant in advance to his Controlling Officer.\\n2. The declared place may be changed at any time before the completion of the return journey.\\n3. Relaxation permitting a change may be made by the Administrative Ministry or Department or by the Head of the Department.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 3 reproduce <b>Rule 6<\/b>. Statement 2 is wrong on timing: the declared place 'may be changed before the commencement of the journey in exceptional circumstances where it is established that the request for change could not be made before the commencement of the journey owing to circumstances beyond the control of the Govt. servant'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 437,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the admissibility of the Leave Travel Concession:\\n1. It is admissible during any period of leave, including casual leave and special casual leave.\\n2. It is admissible during child care leave and study leave.\\n3. In the case of a Government servant serving in a vacation department, vacation is treated as regular leave for the purpose of the concession.\\n4. It is admissible for journeys performed during the weekend holidays without any leave.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1, 2 and 3 rest on <b>Rule 7(2)<\/b> and Notes 1(i) and 3 under Rule 7. Statement 4 reverses Note 2, which provides that the concession is 'Not admissible for journeys during the weekend holidays without any leave'. Some leave of one kind or another must therefore be taken for the concession to be attracted at all.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 438,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. A Government servant under suspension may avail the Leave Travel Concession.\\n2. The family members of a Government servant under suspension are entitled to the concession.\\n3. A Government servant who declares his home town to be outside India is entitled to the concession for visiting it, with limited Government assistance.\\nWhich of the statements given above is\/are NOT correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statement 1 alone is incorrect. Note 17 under <b>Rule 7<\/b> provides that a suspended Government servant cannot avail the concession, though his family members remain entitled, which makes statement 2 correct. Statement 3 reproduces Note 5. The bar on the suspended officer follows from Rule 7(2), since the concession is admissible only during a period of leave and a suspended officer cannot be granted leave. The provision reads: 'A Government servant who declares, subject to the satisfaction of the Controlling Officer, that his hometown is outside India, will also be entitled to the Leave Travel Concession for visiting his hometown, but with limited government's assistance'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 439,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the entitlements of fresh recruits to the Central Government:\\n1. They may travel to their home town along with their families on three occasions in a block of four years.\\n2. They may travel to any place in India on the fourth occasion in that block.\\n3. The facility is available for the first two blocks of four years after joining the Government for the first time.\\n4. The blocks of four years are reckoned afresh whenever the employee changes his job within the Government.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1, 2 and 3 reproduce Note 13 under <b>Rule 7<\/b>, resting on OM No. 31011\/4\/2008-Estt.(A) dated 23.09.2008. Statement 4 is wrong: the blocks apply with reference to the INITIAL date of joining the Government, and continue on that basis even where the employee later changes his job within the Government, as Note 4 confirms in the case of a technical resignation. The provision reads: 'Fresh recruits to Central Government allowed to travel to their home town along with their families on three occasions in a block of four years and to any place in India on the fourth occasion'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 440,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. The entitlement to the concession may be carried forward where a Central Government servant joins another post after submitting a technical resignation.\\n2. A Government servant who resigns within eight years of appointment and joins another Government post after technical resignation is treated as a fresh recruit from the date of joining the new post.\\n3. Where an officer is deputed for training, the place of training automatically becomes his headquarters for the purpose of the concession.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 3 rest on Notes 4 and 9 under <b>Rule 7<\/b>. Statement 2 alters the reckoning point: such a Government servant 'will be treated as a fresh recruit from the date of his initial appointment', not from the date of joining the new post. Reckoning from the initial appointment prevents the fresh-recruit dispensation from being renewed by moving between posts.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 441,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the types of Leave Travel Concession:\\n1. The concession to the home town is admissible once in a block of two calendar years, irrespective of the distance involved.\\n2. The concession to any place in India is admissible once in a block of four calendar years, irrespective of the distance involved.\\n3. Where the home town concession is admissible, the all-India concession availed is in addition to it.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 reproduce <b>Rule 8(a)<\/b> and <b>Rule 8(b)<\/b>. Statement 3 reverses the proviso to Rule 8(b), under which the all-India concession 'shall be in lieu of, and adjusted against, the Leave Travel Concession to hometown available to him at the time of commencement of the journey'. A four-year block therefore yields three home town journeys and one all-India journey, not four and one.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 442,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding a Government servant whose family lives away from him at his home town:\\n1. He may choose to avail the concession for self only, to visit the home town every year.\\n2. That choice is in lieu of all the concessions otherwise admissible to him and to the members of his family.\\n3. He may in addition avail the concession to visit any place in India once in a block of four years.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 reproduce <b>Rule 8(c)<\/b>, under which the option is exercised 'in lieu of all concessions under this scheme, including the Leave Travel Concession to visit any place in India once in a block of four years which would otherwise be admissible to him and members of his family'. Statement 3 therefore contradicts the election, which is all or nothing.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 443,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding blocks and the carry over of the concession:\\n1. The concession is counted against the block within which the outward journey commenced.\\n2. A Government servant unable to avail the concession within a block may avail it within the first year of the next block.\\n3. The all-India concession may be carried forward for a block of four years only if the home town concession for the first block of two years within it has been carried forward.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 reproduce <b>Rule 9<\/b> and <b>Rule 10<\/b>. Statement 3 names the wrong block: Rule 10 makes the carry-over of the all-India concession conditional on the home town concession for the SECOND block of two years within that four-year block having been carried forward. The provision reads: 'If a Government servant is entitled to leave travel concession to home town, he can carry forward the leave travel concession to any place in India for a block of four years only if he has carried forward the leave travel concession to home town in respect of the second block of two years within the block of four years'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 444,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. A Government servant and each member of his family may visit different places of their choice during a block of four years.\\n2. It is necessary for the members of the family to visit the same place as that visited by the Government servant earlier in the same block.\\n3. A Government servant and the members of his family may travel in different groups at different times during a block.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 3 reproduce <b>Rule 11<\/b> and <b>Rule 9<\/b>. Statement 2 reverses Rule 11, which provides in terms that 'It shall not be necessary for members of family of a Government servant to visit the same place as that visited by the Government servant himself at any time earlier during the same block.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 445,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements where both husband and wife are Central Government servants:\\n1. They may, at their option, choose to declare separate home towns.\\n2. They may claim the concession separately in respect of the members of their respective families.\\n3. Where one avails the facility as a member of the family of the other, he or she may still claim the concession for self independently.\\n4. The children are eligible for the benefit in a particular block as members of the family of one of the parents only.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1, 2 and 4 rest on Note 15 under <b>Rule 7<\/b>, following OM No. 31011\/8\/89-Estt.(A) dated 08.05.1990. Statement 3 reverses the express condition that 'if husband or wife avails the facility as a member of the family of the other, he or she will not be entitled for claiming the concession for self independently'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 446,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following conditions for allowing the Leave Travel Concession to an escort accompanying a single handicapped Government servant:\\n1. Prior approval of the Head of the Department concerned is obtained on each occasion.\\n2. The nature of the physical disability is such as to necessitate an escort, and in case of doubt the decision of the Chief Medical Officer is final.\\n3. The physically handicapped Government servant does not have an adult family member.\\n4. Any other person entitled to the concession does not accompany him on the journey.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"OM No. 31011\/4\/1991-Estt.(A) dated 09.07.1991, referred to in Note 16 under <b>Rule 7<\/b>, supports statements 1, 3 and 4. Statement 2 fails on a single word: in case of doubt 'the decision of the Head of the Department will be final', not that of the Chief Medical Officer. A further condition requires the Government servant and escort to avail any rail or bus concession available.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 447,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 5 TO 11: HOME TOWN, ADMISSIBILITY, TYPES AND BLOCKS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. A deputationist to a Public Sector Undertaking has the option to choose the concession admissible to corresponding employees of the Undertaking or that under the Central Government Rules, whichever is more favourable.\\n2. Where a Central Government employee is deputed to a top-level post in a Public Sector Undertaking in which the concession is not available, he is eligible for the concession as in the case of other Central Government employees, provided the terms of foreign service so provide.\\n3. The class of railway accommodation to which a Government servant is entitled is that admissible at the time of his first appointment.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 rest on Notes 10(i) and 11 under <b>Rule 7<\/b>. Statement 3 reverses Note 1(ii), under which the class of accommodation 'is the class to which he is entitled under the normal rules at the time the journeys are undertaken', so an intervening promotion or revision of entitlement takes effect.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 448,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding travel entitlements for the purpose of the Leave Travel Concession:\\n1. They are the same as the travelling allowance entitlements notified by the Ministry of Finance.\\n2. The air travel entitlement for Level 6 to Level 8 of the Pay Matrix is allowed in respect of travelling allowance only and not for the concession.\\n3. Use of own or hired taxi may be allowed on account of the disability of the Government servant or of a dependent family member.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"All three are correct. <b>Rule 12<\/b> adopts the travelling allowance entitlements notified by the Ministry of Finance OM dated 13.07.2017, subject to the Level 6 to 8 exception introduced by OM No. 31011\/8\/2017-Estt.(A-IV) dated 19.09.2017. Note 1 under the rule permits use of own or hired taxi on account of disability, after obtaining the prescribed papers to avoid misuse. The provision reads: 'The travel entitlements of Government servants for the purpose of LTC shall be the same as TA entitlements notified vide Ministry of Finance's O.M., dated 13-7-2017, except the air travel entitlement for Level 6 to Level 8 of the Pay Matrix, which is allowed in respect of TA only and not for LTC'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 449,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the booking of air tickets on Leave Travel Concession:\\n1. Entitled employees are required to purchase tickets from one of the three Authorised Travel Agents.\\n2. Employees are to choose the flight having the Best Available Fare on their entitled travel class.\\n3. Where an unavoidable booking is made through an unauthorised agent, relaxation may be granted by the Financial Adviser of the Ministry or Department.\\n4. Employees not entitled to travel by air but wishing to do so must mandatorily book through the Authorised Travel Agents.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1, 2 and 3 rest on Notes 6(i), 6(ii) and 6(iii) under <b>Rule 12<\/b>. Statement 4 reverses Note 7(i), under which employees not entitled to air travel are 'no longer required to mandatorily book their air tickets through the three authorised travel agencies', reimbursement being capped in any event at the actual air fare or the entitled train or bus fare, whichever is less.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 450,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. The Special Dispensation Scheme requires employees not entitled to air travel to book through the Authorised Travel Agents for travel to the North-Eastern Region, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.\\n2. In the ordinary case of cancellation of tickets, the cancellation charges are borne by the Government employee concerned.\\n3. Cancellation charges levied by the airlines and by the Authorised Travel Agents are reimbursed on the ground of official exigencies only.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"All three are correct. Statements 1 and 2 rest on Note 7(ii) under <b>Rule 12<\/b>, and statement 3 on Note 9 under <b>Rule 13<\/b>, both introduced by OM No. 31011\/17\/2023-Estt.A-IV dated 10.08.2023. The two propositions are reconciled by the qualification: the employee bears the charges except where the cancellation is on account of official exigencies. The provision reads: 'However, in case of Special Dispensation Scheme, the Government employees not entitled for air travel under LTC, but wish to travel by air to the intended place of visit in NE region, UTs of J&K, Ladakh, A & N, are required to book their air ticket through three ATAs only'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 451,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following statements are correct?\\n1. The flexi-fare component in Rajdhani, Shatabdi and Duronto trains is admissible for journeys actually performed by those trains on the concession.\\n2. The flexi-fare component is admissible where a non-entitled Government servant travels by air and claims reimbursement for the entitled class of those trains.\\n3. Travel by Tejas Express, Vande Bharat Express and Humsafar Express has been allowed under the concession.\\n4. Tour packages conducted by SPORTS to the Lakshadweep Islands on ships owned and operated by the Lakshadweep Administration are allowed for the purpose of the concession.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Only one\",\r\n      \"Only two\",\r\n      \"Only three\",\r\n      \"All four\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1, 3 and 4 rest on Notes 4(i), 4(ii) and 5 under <b>Rule 12<\/b>. Statement 2 reverses the second limb of Note 4(i): the dynamic fare 'shall not be admissible in cases, where a non-entitled Government servant travels by air and claims reimbursement for the entitled class of Rajdhani \/ Shatabdi \/ Duronto trains'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 452,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding children of Government servants:\\n1. No reimbursement is made for an air journey performed by children aged less than five years of Government servants who are not entitled to travel by air.\\n2. The actual rail fare in respect of children of the 5 to 12 years age group is reimbursed, as per the choice of rail tickets purchased by the Government servant.\\n3. The concession is restricted to two surviving unmarried children or stepchildren wholly dependent on the Government servant.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"All three are correct. Statements 1 and 2 rest on Notes 3(i) and 3(ii) under <b>Rule 12<\/b>, and statement 3 on <b>Rule 4(d)(i)<\/b>. The two-child restriction is itself subject to the three exceptions in Explanation 1, covering employees who already had more than two children before 20.10.1997, children born within one year of that date, and multiple births on the second childbirth. The provision reads: 'No reimbursement shall be made in respect of the air journey performed by children, aged less than 5 years, of the Government servants who are not entitled to travel by air on LTC'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 453,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding tours conducted by tourism corporations:\\n1. Tours conducted by the India Tourism Development Corporation qualify for the purpose of availing the concession.\\n2. Tours conducted by the State Tourism Development Corporations qualify only where they are conducted in buses owned by them, and not in hired or chartered buses.\\n3. Reimbursement of air fare along with rail and road fare is allowed in the case of journeys in tours offered by the Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 3 rest on Notes 2(i) and 2(iii) under <b>Rule 12<\/b>. Statement 2 is wrong: Note 2(i) qualifies such tours 'either in their own buses or buses hired or chartered by them from outside', so the ownership of the bus is immaterial. Note 2(ii) extends the same treatment to tours conducted by IRCTC, subject to conditions.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 454,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding reimbursement under the Leave Travel Concession scheme:\\n1. Reimbursement covers incidental expenses and expenditure incurred on local journeys.\\n2. Reimbursement is allowed only on the basis of a point to point journey on a through ticket over the shortest direct route.\\n3. Reimbursement of service charges paid to recognised Travellers' Service Agents for booking of tickets is not allowed.\\nWhich of the statements given above is\/are NOT correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statement 1 alone is incorrect. <b>Rule 13<\/b> provides that reimbursement 'shall not cover incidental expenses and expenditure incurred on local journeys', and that it is allowed only on a point to point basis over the shortest direct route, which makes statement 2 correct. Statement 3 reproduces Note 5 under that rule.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 455,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. Sleeper and reservation charges are reimbursable for a journey performed in Second Class, and reservation charges for a journey performed in First Class.\\n2. Charges for booking rail tickets through the internet or e-ticketing on the website of Indian Railways are reimbursable for the concession.\\n3. Service tax, education cess and other similar levies charged by Government on travel are not reimbursable to the individual officer.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 rest on Notes 3 and 4 under <b>Rule 13<\/b>. Statement 3 reverses Note 6, under which 'The element of Service Tax, Education Cess and other similar levies being charged by Government on travel by Air\/Road\/Rail\/Steamer on tour\/transfer or LTC are reimbursable to the individual officer.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 456,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following time limits prescribed for processing Leave Travel Concession applications and claims:\\n1. Sanction of leave: 5 working days\\n2. Sanction of the Leave Travel Concession advance or leave encashment: 5 working days\\n3. Verification of the claim by the administration after the bill is submitted: 10 working days\\n4. Time taken by the Pay and Accounts Office: 10 working days\\nWhich of the time limits given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"The table in Note 7 under <b>Rule 13<\/b>, resting on OM No. 31011\/3\/2015-Estt.(A.IV) dated 18.02.2016, prescribes 5 working days each for leave sanction, sanction of the advance, the Drawing and Disbursing Officer and the Pay and Accounts Office, and 10 working days only for verification of the claim. Statement 4 is therefore wrong. An additional 3 days of transit time applies where the posting is away from headquarters. The provision reads: 'Time taken by Administration for verification of LTC claim after the LTC bill is submitted by the Government employee for settlement 10 working days'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 457,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements where a Government servant travels up to the nearest airport or railway station by an authorised mode and completes the remaining journey by his own arrangement:\\n1. Where public transport is available on that stretch, he is reimbursed the fare admissible by the entitled mode of public transport by the shortest direct route.\\n2. Where no public transport is available, he may be reimbursed as per his entitlement for a journey on transfer, up to a maximum of 200 kilometres.\\n3. The reimbursement in the second case is allowed on the basis of a self-certification by the Government servant.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"All three reproduce Note 10 under <b>Rule 13<\/b>, resting on OM No. 31011\/3\/2015-Estt.(A.IV) dated 09.02.2017 and OM No. 31011\/18\/2023-Estt.A-IV dated 04.02.2021. The 200-kilometre limit is expressed as 100 kilometres each side, and expenditure beyond that limit is borne by the Government servant himself. The provision reads: 'If a public transport is available in a particular area, the Government servant will be reimbursed the fare admissible for journey by otherwise entitled mode of public transport from the nearest airport\/railway station\/bus terminal to the declared place of visit by shortest direct route'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 458,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. Where a Government servant opts for catering services while booking tickets, the catering charges are reimbursed in respect of eligible trains.\\n2. A claim for reimbursement where no advance has been drawn is to be submitted within three months after the completion of the return journey.\\n3. Failure to submit such a claim within the prescribed period entails forfeiture of the claim, and no relaxation is permissible under the rule itself.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"All three are correct. Statement 1 rests on Note 8 under <b>Rule 13<\/b>, and statements 2 and 3 on <b>Rule 14<\/b>, which provides that failure 'will entail forfeiture of the claim and no relaxation shall be permissible in this regard'. The six-month facility is a separate administrative dispensation available with the concurrence of the Financial Adviser.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 459,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the relaxation of time limits for Leave Travel Concession claims:\\n1. Where no advance was drawn, the Ministry or Department with the concurrence of the Financial Adviser may admit the claim within six months.\\n2. That relaxation requires a reference to the Department of Personnel and Training in every case.\\n3. Where an advance was drawn, the Ministry or Department with the concurrence of the Financial Adviser may admit the claim provided the entire advance is returned within three months, with interest.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 3 rest on <b>Rule 14<\/b> and Note 1 under <b>Rule 15<\/b>, both as they stand after OM No. 31011\/3\/2015-Estt.A-IV and OM No. 31011\/18\/2023-Estt.A-IV, each dated 21.12.2023. Statement 2 is wrong: the six-month relaxation is expressly available 'without reference to DoP&T', which is the point of the dispensation.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 460,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the grant of an advance for the Leave Travel Concession:\\n1. The amount of the advance in each case is limited to 90 per cent of the estimated amount which Government would have to reimburse in respect of the cost of the journey both ways.\\n2. Where the family travels separately from the Government servant, the advance may also be drawn separately to the extent admissible.\\n3. Advances to temporary Government servants are sanctioned subject to the production of surety of a permanent Government servant.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"All three are correct. Statement 2 reproduces <b>Rule 15(b)<\/b>, and statement 3 the standing condition for advances to temporary Government servants. On statement 1, the printed text of Rule 15(a) still reads four-fifths, but the ceiling was raised to 90 per cent by OM No. 14028\/7\/97-Estt.(L) dated 07.10.1997 on the Fifth CPC, and 90 per cent is the applied figure. The provision reads: 'The amount of such advance in each case shall be limited to four-fifths of the estimated amount, which Government would have to reimburse in respect of the cost of the journey both ways'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 461,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the Leave Travel Concession advance:\\n1. The advance may be drawn for both the forward and the return journeys where the leave or anticipated absence does not exceed three months or ninety days.\\n2. If that limit is exceeded after the advance has been drawn for both journeys, the advance in full is to be refunded to the Government forthwith.\\n3. The advance is to be refunded in full if the outward journey is not commenced within thirty days of the grant of the advance.\\n4. Where an advance is drawn, the outward journey tickets are to be produced to the competent authority within ten days of the drawal.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1, 3 and 4 rest on <b>Rules 15(c)<\/b>, <b>15(e)<\/b> and Note 2 under Rule 15. Statement 2 overstates the consequence: under <b>Rule 15(d)<\/b>, where the three-month limit is exceeded after the advance has been drawn for both journeys, 'one half of the advance should be refunded to the Government forthwith', not the whole of it.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 462,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. Where an advance has been drawn, the claim for reimbursement is to be submitted within one month of the completion of the return journey.\\n2. On failure to do so, recovery of the advance may be allowed in convenient monthly instalments.\\n3. The time limit for drawal of the advance is 125 days before the outward journey in the case of a journey by train, and 65 days in the case of journeys by air, sea or road.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 3 rest on <b>Rule 15(f)<\/b> and OM No. 31011\/8\/2015-Estt.(A-IV) dated 13.05.2016, which raised the limit for train journeys following the increase in the railway advance reservation period to 120 days. Statement 2 reverses Rule 15(f), under which the entire advance is refundable 'forthwith in one lump sum' and 'No request for recovery of the advance in instalments shall be entertained.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 463,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding encashment of earned leave at the time of availing the Leave Travel Concession:\\n1. A Government servant may encash earned leave up to ten days at the time of availing both types of the concession.\\n2. Where one and the same concession is availed by the Government servant and his family members separately in a block year, encashment is admissible on both occasions.\\n3. The leave encashed at the time of the concession is not deducted from the maximum amount of earned leave encashable at the time of retirement.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 3 rest on Notes 5(i) and 5(ii) under <b>Rule 15<\/b>. Statement 2 reverses the second limb of Note 5(i), following OM No. 14028\/2\/2012-Estt.(L) dated 09.02.2015: where the same concession is availed by the Government servant and his family separately in a block year, 'encashment of leave would be restricted to one occasion only'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 464,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. Where both husband and wife are Government servants, encashment of leave equal to ten days at the time of availing the concession is available to both, subject to a maximum of sixty days each during the career.\\n2. Encashment is permitted without any linkage to the number of days and the nature of leave availed while proceeding on the concession.\\n3. Where a Government employee forgoes his claim for reimbursement or his claim is nil, encashment of leave is not allowed.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 rest on Notes 5(ii) and 5(iii) under <b>Rule 15<\/b>. Statement 3 reverses Note 5(vi), following OM No. 31011\/06\/2023-Estt.A-IV dated 29.03.2023, under which encashment is allowed even where the employee forgoes his claim for travel on a private or hired vehicle or his claim is nil, precisely because encashment carries no linkage to the journey claim. The provision reads: 'Where both husband and wife are Government servants, the entitlement for availing LTC shall remain unchanged, and encashment of leave equal to 10 days at the time of availing of LTC will continue to be available to both, subject to a maximum of sixty days each during the career'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 465,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. Central Government employees who are entitled to the concession but opt for the facility available to their spouses employed in Public Sector Undertakings are entitled to leave encashment.\\n2. Employees who are not entitled to the concession because their spouses in the Indian Railways or National Airlines hold privilege passes are entitled to leave encashment while availing that facility.\\n3. The relaxation of the normal time limit of six months between the commencement and completion of the journey by the family is exercised by the Department of Personnel and Training.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 rest on Note 5(iv) under <b>Rule 15<\/b>. Statement 3 names the wrong authority: Note 4 under Rule 15, resting on MHA OM No. 43\/3\/68-Est.(A) dated 19.07.1968, provides that the relaxation 'shall be exercised by Heads of Departments'. Note 5(vii) separately allows the spouse of an employee working in the railways to encash leave on an All India concession.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 466,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 16 TO 19: FRAUDULENT CLAIMS, INTERPRETATION AND RELAXATION\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding a fraudulent claim of Leave Travel Concession:\\n1. Where the Disciplinary Authority decides to initiate disciplinary proceedings on such a charge, the Government servant is not allowed the concession till the finalisation of the proceedings.\\n2. Where the proceedings result in the imposition of any of the penalties specified in the CCS (CCA) Rules, 1965, the Government servant is not allowed the next two sets of the concession, in addition to those already withheld.\\n3. The controlling authority may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, disallow more than two sets of the concession.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"All three reproduce <b>Rule 16(1)<\/b> and <b>Rule 16(2)<\/b>. The withholding under sub-rule (1) runs from the decision to initiate proceedings until they are finalised; the two further sets under sub-rule (2) are 'in addition to the sets already withheld during the pendency of the disciplinary proceedings'; and the power to disallow more than two sets is expressly conferred on the controlling authority.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 467,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 16 TO 19: FRAUDULENT CLAIMS, INTERPRETATION AND RELAXATION\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. Where a Government servant is fully exonerated of a charge of a fraudulent claim, he may avail the concession withheld earlier as additional sets in future block years.\\n2. Such additional sets may be availed at any time, including after the normal date of his superannuation.\\n3. The home town concession and the concession to any place in India constitute two sets of the Leave Travel Concession.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 3 rest on <b>Rule 16(3)<\/b> and the Explanation to Rule 16. Statement 2 omits the temporal limit in sub-rule (3): the withheld concession may be availed 'in future block years but before the normal date of his superannuation'. The restoration is therefore complete in number but bounded in time, since the concession cannot survive retirement.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 468,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 16 TO 19: FRAUDULENT CLAIMS, INTERPRETATION AND RELAXATION\",\r\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following statements are correct?\\n1. General principles for determining the genuineness of a Leave Travel Concession claim have been laid down by the Department of Personnel and Training.\\n2. After the introduction of the computerised booking system by the Ministry of Railways, the PNR number was made mandatory for claims.\\n3. A verification certificate from the Indian Railways on the basis of the ticket number alone was found to be inconvenient to furnish.\\n4. A Government servant against whom disciplinary proceedings on a charge of fraudulent claim are pending may avail the concession in respect of his family members.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Only one\",\r\n      \"Only two\",\r\n      \"Only three\",\r\n      \"All four\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1, 2 and 3 rest on Notes 1 and 2 under <b>Rule 16<\/b>, the latter following OM No. 31011\/11\/2000-Estt.(A) dated 23.04.2001. Statement 4 is wrong: <b>Rule 16(1)<\/b> withholds the concession itself till finalisation of the proceedings, and makes no exception in favour of the family, unlike the position of a suspended Government servant under Note 17 to Rule 7. The provision reads: 'After the introduction of computerized booking system by Ministry of Railways, when Indian Railways expressed their inconvenience in furnishing verification certificate on the basis of Ticket No. alone, PNR No. is made mandatory for LTC claims'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 469,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 16 TO 19: FRAUDULENT CLAIMS, INTERPRETATION AND RELAXATION\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. A doubt regarding any of the provisions of the Leave Travel Concession Rules is referred to the Department of Personnel and Training for decision.\\n2. A Ministry or Department satisfied that the operation of any of these rules causes undue hardship in a particular case may relax the requirement by order, for reasons to be recorded in writing.\\n3. No such relaxation order may be made except with the concurrence of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 reproduce <b>Rule 17<\/b> and the main part of <b>Rule 18<\/b>. Statement 3 substitutes the wrong authority: the proviso to Rule 18 requires the concurrence of the DEPARTMENT of Personnel and Training. It is under Rule 65 of the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972 that the concurrence of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions is required. The provision reads: 'If there is any doubt regarding any of the provisions in these rules, the matter shall be referred to the Department of Personnel and Training, who shall decide the same'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 470,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 16 TO 19: FRAUDULENT CLAIMS, INTERPRETATION AND RELAXATION\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the saving provision of the Leave Travel Concession Rules:\\n1. All existing instructions which are not contrary to any of the provisions of these Rules continue in force.\\n2. All instructions which cover matters not specifically covered by these Rules continue in force.\\n3. Such instructions continue in force until they are amended, modified or cancelled.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"All three reproduce <b>Rule 19<\/b>. The saving is what preserves the large body of Office Memoranda supplying the operative detail of the scheme, which the Department of Personnel and Training periodically consolidates under the rule headings. Contrast <b>Rule 66<\/b> of the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972, which repeals earlier rules and orders so far as they provide for matters contained in those rules. The provision reads: 'All the existing instructions which are not contrary to any of the provisions of these rules and all instructions which cover matters not specifically covered by these rules, shall continue to be in force until they are amended, modified or cancelled'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 471,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 16 TO 19: FRAUDULENT CLAIMS, INTERPRETATION AND RELAXATION\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements comparing the Leave Travel Concession Rules with the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972:\\n1. A doubt as to interpretation goes to the Department of Personnel and Training under the former and to the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions under the latter.\\n2. Relaxation requires the concurrence of the Department of Personnel and Training under the former and of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions under the latter.\\n3. Under both sets of rules the power to relax is exercisable only in a particular case where the operation of a rule causes undue hardship.\\n4. Under both sets of rules the relaxation order must record reasons in writing.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"All four are correct. <b>Rule 17<\/b> and <b>Rule 18<\/b> of these Rules name the Department, while <b>Rule 64<\/b> and <b>Rule 65<\/b> of the CCS (Leave) Rules name the Ministry. Both relaxation provisions are confined to a particular case of undue hardship, and both require the order to be made 'for reasons to be recorded in writing'. The Ministry and Department distinction is the only real difference between them.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 472,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LTC RULES 12 TO 15: ENTITLEMENT, REIMBURSEMENT, CLAIMS AND ADVANCE\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. The scheme allowing Government servants to travel by air to the North-Eastern Region, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands has been extended up to 25th September, 2026.\\n2. The three Authorised Travel Agents have been directed to allow registration of employees who do not have official email accounts, on details being sent by their administrative office.\\n3. Employees are to choose the flight having the Best Available Fare, preferably for a non-stop flight in a given slot at the time of booking.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"All three are correct. Statement 1 rests on Note 9 under <b>Rule 12<\/b>, following OM No. 31011\/15\/2022-Estt.(A-IV) dated 17.09.2024, which extended the scheme for two years with effect from 26 September 2024. Statement 2 rests on Note 8, following OM No. 31011\/11\/2023-Estt.A-IV dated 20.10.2023, and statement 3 on Note 6(ii). The provision reads: 'Government employees to choose flight having the Best Available Fare on their entitled travel class which is the Cheapest Fare available, preferably for Non-stop flight in a given slot at the time of booking'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 473,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The maximum amount of casual leave admissible to a Central Government servant in a calendar year is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"15 days\",\r\n      \"10 days\",\r\n      \"12 days\",\r\n      \"8 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM No. 12\/9\/94-JCA dated 14.01.1998<\/b> \u2014 'It has also been decided to reduce with effect from 1st January, 1998 the number of days of Casual Leave for Central Government employees from the existing 12 days to 8 days in a year.' The Brochure's own para 2.2 still shows the pre-1998 figure of 12 days, which is why that option is the strongest distractor. Operating and maintenance staff, formerly on 15 days, now get 10 days.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 474,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The entitlement of 8 days casual leave in a calendar year is subject to the condition that the leave allowed at any one time shall not exceed:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"3 days\",\r\n      \"5 days\",\r\n      \"8 days\",\r\n      \"10 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM No. 28016\/3\/98-Estt.(A) dated 15.06.1998, para 2<\/b> \u2014 'the entitlement of 8 days casual leave in a calendar year is subject to the condition that not more than 5 days casual leave may be allowed at any one time'. The Head of the Office may waive the condition in individual cases where he considers that exceptional circumstances justify relaxation. Before 1998 the corresponding limit under Brochure para 2.2 was 8 days at any one time.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 475,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Operating and maintenance staff who were entitled to 15 days casual leave till 31st December, 1997 are now allowed casual leave in a calendar year of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"8 days\",\r\n      \"10 days\",\r\n      \"12 days\",\r\n      \"15 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM dated 15.06.1998, para 4<\/b> \u2014 'the operating and maintenance staff etc., who were entitled to 15 days C.L. till 31.12.1997, would be allowed 10 days casual leave in a calendar year w.e.f. 1.1.98 (i.e. reduced by 1\/3rd of the total)'. The reduction is proportionate to the cut from 12 days to 8 days for ordinary staff, which is one-third in both cases.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 476,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of persons who join Government service in the middle of a calendar year, the authority competent to grant casual leave has the discretion to grant:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"a proportion of the 8 days casual leave only, and in no case the full period\",\r\n      \"either the full period of 8 days casual leave or only a proportion thereof\",\r\n      \"the full period of 8 days casual leave in every case\",\r\n      \"casual leave only from the following calendar year\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM dated 15.06.1998, para 3<\/b> \u2014 the competent authority 'will have the discretion to grant either the full period of 8 days casual leave or only a proportion thereof, after taking into account all the circumstances of the case'. Brochure para 2.6 states the same principle in its pre-1998 form. The discretion is genuine, so neither the full grant nor the proportionate grant is automatic.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 477,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Public holidays and weekly offs falling within a period of casual leave:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"should be counted as half a day of casual leave each\",\r\n      \"should be counted as part of the casual leave\",\r\n      \"should be counted as part of the casual leave only where the leave exceeds five days\",\r\n      \"should not be counted as part of the casual leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.4<\/b> \u2014 'Sundays and closed holidays can be prefixed or suffixed to the casual leave. Public holidays and weekly offs falling within a period of casual leave should not be counted as part of the casual leave.' The rule is repeated in para 5 of the OM dated 15.06.1998. Contrast special casual leave, where under para 3.4 intervening Sundays and closed holidays are NOT to be ignored where the limit is expressed in days rather than working days.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 478,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Restricted holidays, in relation to casual leave:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"can be prefixed but not suffixed to casual leave\",\r\n      \"cannot be prefixed or suffixed to casual leave\",\r\n      \"can be prefixed or suffixed to casual leave\",\r\n      \"are counted as part of the casual leave availed\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.5<\/b> \u2014 'Restricted holidays can also be prefixed or suffixed to casual leave.' The word also carries the reader back to para 2.4, which permits Sundays and closed holidays to be prefixed or suffixed. Para 2.14 requires the casual leave register to indicate against the relevant date whether casual leave or a restricted holiday was availed of.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 479,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In relation to joining time, casual leave:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"can be combined with joining time with the approval of the Head of Office\",\r\n      \"can be combined with joining time up to a limit of five days\",\r\n      \"cannot be combined with joining time\",\r\n      \"can be combined with joining time only where the transfer is at the Government servant's own request\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.8<\/b> \u2014 'Casual leave cannot be combined with joining time', the authority being Rule 6(2) of the CCS (Joining Time) Rules, 1979. The bar sits alongside the general principle in para 2.1 that casual leave must not be given so as to cause evasion of the rules regarding charges of office, commencement and end of leave, or return to duty.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 480,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In relation to a Government servant who is on tour, casual leave:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"cannot be taken while on tour in any circumstances\",\r\n      \"can be taken while on tour\",\r\n      \"can be taken while on tour only with the prior sanction of the Head of the Department\",\r\n      \"can be taken while on tour only to the extent of half a day\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.9<\/b> \u2014 'Casual leave can be taken while on tour', on the authority of the Ministry of Finance OM No. 1(14) E.IV(B)\/66 dated 07.02.1967. Since a Government servant on casual leave is not treated as absent from duty under para 2.1, the position is consistent: the tour continues, and only the daily allowance treatment for the day is affected.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 481,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The dividing line for the grant of half a day's casual leave to a Government servant is the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"time of closing of the office\",\r\n      \"midpoint of the prescribed office hours\",\r\n      \"lunch interval\",\r\n      \"time fixed by the Head of Office in each case\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.10<\/b> \u2014 'Grant of half a day's casual leave to a Government servant is permissible. The lunch interval will be the dividing line for the grant of half a day's casual leave.' It follows that the balance at credit in the casual leave account 'can, therefore, be in terms of full day or full days and half a day', which is why half-day debits for late attendance under para 2.12 fit the scheme.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 482,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant having only half a day's casual leave at his credit, who has applied for regular leave, may:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"avail that half day's casual leave on the afternoon preceding his leave with the approval of the Head of Office\",\r\n      \"avail that half day's casual leave on the afternoon of the day preceding the commencement of his leave\",\r\n      \"not be permitted to avail that half day's casual leave on the afternoon of the day preceding the commencement of his leave\",\r\n      \"avail that half day's casual leave only where the regular leave applied for is on medical certificate\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.11<\/b> states the prohibition in terms. The same paragraph creates the converse concession: where the Government servant avails the half day in the afternoon and is then unable to resume duty the next working day owing to sickness or other compelling grounds, he may combine it with regular leave by way of exception. The distinction is between an unforeseen inability to resume and a pre-planned spell of leave. The provision reads: 'a Government servant having only half a day's casual leave at his credit who has applied for regular leave shall not be permitted to avail of the half a day's casual leave on the afternoon on the day preceding the commencement of his leave'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 483,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Late attendance by a Government servant up to an hour may be condoned by the competent authority, if it is satisfied that the late attendance is due to unavoidable reasons, on not more than:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"one occasion in a month\",\r\n      \"two occasions in a month\",\r\n      \"three occasions in a month\",\r\n      \"two occasions in a quarter\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.12<\/b> \u2014 'Half-a-day's casual leave should be debited to the casual leave account of a Government servant for each late attendance but late attendance up to an hour, on not more than two occasions in a month may be condoned by the competent authority, if it is satisfied that the late attendance is due to unavoidable reasons.' Both conditions are cumulative: within an hour, and not more than twice a month. The provision reads: 'late attendance up to an hour, on not more than two occasions in a month may be condoned by the competent authority, if it is satisfied that the late attendance is due to unavoidable reasons'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 484,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant leaves office early, before the time for closing of office, without permission:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"no debit is made unless the early departure occurs more than twice in a month\",\r\n      \"a full day's casual leave should be debited to his casual leave account for each such early departure\",\r\n      \"the day should be treated as dies non\",\r\n      \"half a day's casual leave should be debited to his casual leave account for each such early departure\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.12<\/b> applies the same half-day debit to early departure as to late attendance. Note the asymmetry that is often tested: the condonation facility of up to an hour on not more than two occasions in a month is expressed only in relation to LATE ATTENDANCE, and the paragraph provides no corresponding condonation for leaving office early. The provision reads: 'Similarly a Government servant, leaves office early before the time for closing of office without permission, half-a-day's casual leave should be debited to his casual leave account for each such early departure from office'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 485,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant having no casual leave at his credit comes late without sufficient justification, and the administrative authority is neither prepared to condone the late coming nor proposes to take disciplinary action, it may inform him that he will be treated as:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"on dies non for the day on which he has come late\",\r\n      \"on unauthorized absence for the day on which he has come late\",\r\n      \"on extraordinary leave for the day on which he has come late\",\r\n      \"on half pay leave for the day on which he has come late\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.13<\/b> \u2014 the authority may inform him 'that he will be treated as on unauthorized absence for the day on which he has come late'. It is then left to the Government servant himself either to face the consequences of unauthorized absence or to apply for earned leave or any other kind of leave due and admissible for the entire day, which the authority may sanction.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 486,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"For the purpose of maintaining the account of casual leave:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"an entry is to be made in the service book of each Government servant\",\r\n      \"a separate leave account in Form 2 is to be maintained for each Government servant\",\r\n      \"a register is to be maintained, only one page being used for a whole year for all the employees in one section\",\r\n      \"a statement is to be forwarded monthly to the Audit Officer concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.14<\/b> prescribes the register, with the entry to be 'attested by the sanctioning office promptly by means of dated initials'. Form 2 in option (b) is the leave account under <b>Rule 15<\/b> of the CCS (Leave) Rules, which records only leave recognised under those rules; casual leave, not being recognised as leave at all, is deliberately kept outside it.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 487,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding casual leave:\\n1. Casual leave is not a recognized form of leave.\\n2. A Government servant on casual leave is not treated as absent from duty and his pay is not intermitted.\\n3. Casual leave may be given so as to extend the term of earned or other leave beyond the time admissible by rule.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.1<\/b> \u2014 'Casual leave is not a recognized form of leave. The Government servant on casual leave is not treated as absent from duty and his pay is not intermitted.' Statement 3 reverses the closing words of the same paragraph, which bar casual leave from being given 'so as to extend the term of earned or other leave beyond the time admissibility by rule'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 488,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. Special casual leave is not a recognized form of leave.\\n2. A Government servant on special casual leave is not treated as absent from duty.\\n3. Leave travel concession can be availed of during special casual leave.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"All three are correct. <b>Brochure, para 3.1<\/b> \u2014 'Special casual leave is not a recognized form of leave and a Government servant on special casual leave is not treated as absent from duty.' Para 3.5 adds that 'Leave travel concession can be availed of during special casual leave', a position confirmed by Rule 7(2) of the CCS (LTC) Rules, 1988, which makes the concession admissible during casual and special casual leave alike.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 489,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where the maximum permissible limit of special casual leave is expressed in terms of days as distinct from working days, Sundays and closed holidays intervening in the period of special casual leave:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"are to be ignored for determining the maximum entitlement\",\r\n      \"are not to be ignored for determining the maximum entitlement\",\r\n      \"are to be counted only to the extent of one half\",\r\n      \"are to be treated as prefixed or suffixed at the option of the Government servant\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 3.4<\/b> \u2014 such intervening days 'are not to be ignored for determining the maximum entitlement of special casual leave for a specific purpose'. This is the practical difference between the entries in para 4.1 expressed in working days, such as the 6 working days for vasectomy, and those expressed in days, such as the 14 days for tubectomy.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 490,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Special casual leave may be combined with:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"casual leave only, and never with regular leave\",\r\n      \"regular leave and casual leave together\",\r\n      \"regular leave or casual leave, but not with both\",\r\n      \"regular leave only, and never with casual leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 3.3<\/b> \u2014 'Special casual leave can be combined with regular leave or casual leave, but not with both.' Para 2.7 states the converse from the casual leave side: casual leave can be combined with special casual leave, but where regular leave is granted in combination with special casual leave, casual leave should not also be granted in combination.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 491,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Special casual leave granted in connection with a sterilization operation under the Family Welfare Programme:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"may be prefixed to or suffixed with both regular leave and casual leave\",\r\n      \"may either be prefixed to or suffixed with regular leave or casual leave, and not both\",\r\n      \"may not be prefixed or suffixed with any other kind of leave\",\r\n      \"may be prefixed or suffixed only with casual leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 4.1<\/b> \u2014 'The special casual leave connected with sterilization can either be prefixed to or suffixed with regular leave or casual leave and not both.' Para 4.6 lays down the identical rule for special casual leave connected with recanalisation. Both are applications of the general principle in para 3.3.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 492,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The grant of special casual leave for undergoing sterilization for the second time is subject to production of a medical certificate from the prescribed medical authority to the effect that:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the Government servant has fewer than two surviving children\",\r\n      \"the second operation was performed due to failure of the first operation\",\r\n      \"the Government servant was hospitalized for the second operation\",\r\n      \"the second operation was performed in a hospital nominated by the Central Government\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 4.1<\/b> requires the certificate to state that the second operation was performed due to failure of the first. The quantum is unchanged on the second occasion: 6 working days for a second vasectomy and 14 days for a second tubectomy. The nominated-hospital condition in option (d) belongs to para 4.4, on recanalisation performed in a private hospital. The provision reads: 'The grant of special casual leave for undergoing sterilization i.e. vasectomy\/tubectomy for the second time will be subject to production of a medical certificate from the prescribed medical authority to the effect that the second operation was performed due to failure of the first operation'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 493,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Special casual leave for IUCD insertion or reinsertion is admissible to a female Government servant for:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"fourteen days\",\r\n      \"three days from the date of insertion or reinsertion\",\r\n      \"seven days from the date of insertion or reinsertion\",\r\n      \"fourteen days from the date of insertion or reinsertion\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 4.1<\/b> \u2014 against the entry 'IUCD insertion\/reinsertion' the maximum duration is shown as 'Day of insertion\/reinsertion'. The fourteen days in option (a) is the entry for puerperal or non-puerperal tubectomy and for salpingectomy after medical termination of pregnancy, which is why that option is the strongest distractor in this table.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 494,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Additional special casual leave admissible to a Government servant who develops post-vasectomy complications is limited to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"6 working days\",\r\n      \"7 days\",\r\n      \"14 days\",\r\n      \"21 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 4.2<\/b> fixes the ceiling at 7 days for post-vasectomy complications and 14 days for post-tubectomy complications, over and above the limits in para 4.1. The benefit is also admissible to those who do not remain hospitalized but are not found fit to go to work, on production of a medical certificate from the hospital authorities or the authorized Medical Attendant. The provision reads: 'Post-vasectomy complications 7 days'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 495,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The concession of special casual leave for a recanalisation operation is NOT admissible to a Central Government servant who:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"has fewer than two children\",\r\n      \"is unmarried\",\r\n      \"has two or more children and seeks recanalisation without substantial reason\",\r\n      \"has lost all male children or all female children after an earlier sterilization operation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 4.5<\/b> confines the concession to Government servants who 'are unmarried, or have been less than two children; or desire recanalisation for substantial reasons, e.g. a person has lost all male children or all female children after sterilization operation performed earlier'. A Government servant outside all three categories is not eligible, which is what option (c) describes.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 496,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a recanalisation operation is performed in a private hospital, special casual leave is admissible only if the hospital is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"situated within the headquarters of the Government servant\",\r\n      \"empanelled under the Central Government Health Scheme\",\r\n      \"recognised under the Central Services (Medical Attendance) Rules, 1944\",\r\n      \"one nominated by the State or Central Government for performing the recanalisation operation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 4.4<\/b> \u2014 the operation should have been performed in a hospital, medical college or institute where facilities for recanalisation are available, and 'If the operation is performed in a private hospital, it should be one nominated by State\/Central Government for performing the recanalisation operation.' The CGHS and CS(MA) routes in options (b) and (c) belong to Rule 19(1) of the Leave Rules, on medical certificates.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 497,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding special casual leave under the Family Welfare Programme:\\n1. Special casual leave for tubectomy is permissible even when the operation is performed by the laparoscopic method.\\n2. Special casual leave for recanalisation is admissible in addition to special casual leave for the actual period of the to and fro journey performed for the operation.\\n3. A male Government servant whose wife undergoes tubectomy is entitled to 14 days of special casual leave.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 rest on <b>Brochure, paras 4.1 and 4.4<\/b>. Statement 3 substitutes the wrong figure: under para 4.3 a male Government servant whose wife undergoes puerperal or non-puerperal tubectomy gets 'upto a maximum period of 7 days', not 14. The 14 days is what the wife herself would get for the operation under para 4.1.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 498,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The period of participation of a Central Government servant in a sporting event of national or international importance, and the time spent in travelling to and from such a tournament, is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"treated as casual leave to the extent due, and thereafter as special casual leave\",\r\n      \"treated as special casual leave not exceeding 30 days in a calendar year\",\r\n      \"treated as special casual leave not exceeding 10 days in a calendar year\",\r\n      \"treated as duty instead of special casual leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 5.2<\/b> \u2014 such participation and travel 'may be treated as duty instead of special casual leave', and where a pre-participation coaching camp is held in connection with the event and attendance is required, that period may also be treated as duty. This is the one sporting head where the benefit is duty rather than leave, which makes it a favourite distractor against the 30-day and 10-day heads.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 499,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant selected in connection with the coaching or administration of teams participating in sporting events of national and international importance may be granted special casual leave not exceeding:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"fifteen days in any calendar year\",\r\n      \"ten days in any calendar year\",\r\n      \"twenty days in any calendar year\",\r\n      \"thirty days in any calendar year\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 5.3<\/b> fixes the limit at thirty days in any calendar year, provided the services are utilised by an organisation such as a Sports Federation of India or an Association recognised by the All India Council of Sports and approved by the Ministry of Education, or by a State, zone or circle. The same thirty-day limit governs commentators under para 5.4. The provision reads: 'may be granted special casual leave for a period not exceeding thirty days in any calendar year, provided their services are utilized by the organization such as the sports\/Federation of India\/Association recognized by the All India Council of Sports'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 500,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant functioning as a commentator in sporting events of national or international importance may be granted special casual leave not exceeding 30 days in a calendar year, provided he was selected or sponsored for giving running commentaries over:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"any recognised national television channel\",\r\n      \"All India Radio or Doordarshan\",\r\n      \"the Central Secretariat Sports Control Board network\",\r\n      \"the Indian Mountaineering Foundation network\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 5.4<\/b> confines the concession to commentaries given over All India Radio or Doordarshan in national or international meets, where the Government servant was selected or sponsored by an organisation such as a Sports Federation of India or an Association recognised by the All India Council of Sports, or by a State, zone or circle. The provision reads: 'provided the Government servants were selected or sponsored for giving running commentaries over the All India Radio\/Doordarshan in national\/international meets'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 501,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Special casual leave not exceeding thirty days in a calendar year, combinable with regular leave, may be granted to a Government servant who attends a coaching or training camp at all of the following EXCEPT:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"a camp under the Rajkumari Amrit Kaur Coaching Scheme\",\r\n      \"an inter-ministerial tournament sponsored by the Central Secretariat Staff Welfare and Amenities Committee\",\r\n      \"the National Institute of Sports, Patiala\",\r\n      \"a coaching camp organised by a National Federation of sports boards recognised by the All India Council of Sports\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 5.5<\/b> names only the three institutions in options (a), (c) and (d). An inter-ministerial or inter-departmental tournament sponsored by the Central Secretariat Staff Welfare and Amenities Committee falls under <b>para 5.7<\/b>, which carries a lower ceiling of ten days in a calendar year, and that contrast is exactly what this question tests. The provision reads: 'can be granted special casual leave not exceeding 30 days in a calendar year and this special casual leave can be combined with regular leave'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 502,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who participates in a trekking or mountaineering expedition may be granted special casual leave not exceeding thirty days in any calendar year, provided the expedition has the approval of the:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"National Institute of Sports, Patiala\",\r\n      \"All India Council of Sports\",\r\n      \"Central Secretariat Sports Control Board\",\r\n      \"Indian Mountaineering Foundation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 5.6<\/b> \u2014 special casual leave not exceeding thirty days for expeditions 'which have the approval of the Indian Mountaineering Foundation', and such leave may be combined with regular leave. The Central Secretariat Sports Control Board in option (c) is the sponsoring body for cultural activities under para 5.8, which carries the same thirty-day ceiling.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 503,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Special casual leave not exceeding thirty days in any calendar year for participation in cultural activities of an All India or inter-State character organised by the Central Secretariat Sports Control Board is NOT admissible for:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"participation in a poetic symposium\",\r\n      \"participation in a poetic symposium of an All India character\",\r\n      \"participation in dance or drama of an inter-State character\",\r\n      \"participation in music events of an All India character\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 5.8<\/b> covers dance, dramas, music, poetic symposia and the like, but the proviso states that 'such special casual leave will not be admissible for practice, or for participation in cultural activities organized locally'. The two exclusions are the point of the paragraph, and the local-organisation exclusion sits naturally with the requirement of an All India or inter-State character.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 504,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The overall limit of special casual leave for an individual Government servant in one calendar year for participating in all the sporting purposes taken together is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"30 days\",\r\n      \"10 days\",\r\n      \"20 days\",\r\n      \"45 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 5.9<\/b> \u2014 'There will be no change in the overall limit of 30 days of special casual leave for an individual Government servant for one calendar year for participating in sporting events mentioned above taken together.' The word together is essential: an officer cannot add the thirty days for coaching to the thirty days for trekking and the ten days for inter-ministerial tournaments.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 505,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who is a member of the Indian Institute of Public Administration and resides outside Delhi may be granted special casual leave, plus journey time, for attending its authorised meetings, not exceeding:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"20 working days in a calendar year\",\r\n      \"10 working days in a calendar year\",\r\n      \"6 working days in a calendar year\",\r\n      \"5 working days in a calendar year\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 6.2<\/b> \u2014 special casual leave 'not exceeding 6 working days in a calendar year plus journey time'. Two conditions are cumulative: membership of the Institute, and residence outside Delhi. Contrast para 6.1, under which special casual leave for meetings of scientific associations is granted 'to the extent required', with no numerical ceiling at all.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 506,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Special casual leave for attending meetings organised by scientific associations such as the Indian Science Congress Association is granted:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"up to a maximum of six working days in a calendar year\",\r\n      \"up to a maximum of six working days in a calendar year, plus journey time\",\r\n      \"up to a maximum of ten days in a calendar year, plus journey time\",\r\n      \"up to a maximum of twenty days in a calendar year, plus journey time\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 6.1<\/b> imposes no numerical ceiling: the leave is granted 'to the extent required to attend meetings organized by Scientific Association like Indian Science Congress Association'. It is available to invitees, member officials, delegates of the organisation concerned or those asked to read papers at a conference, and may be combined with casual leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 507,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Members, delegates, management committee members and office bearers of cooperative societies formed exclusively of Central Government employees, who are posted outside the headquarters of the society, may be granted special casual leave to attend its meetings up to a maximum of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"twenty days in a calendar year, plus the minimum period required for the journeys\",\r\n      \"five days in a calendar year, plus the minimum period required for the journeys\",\r\n      \"ten days in a calendar year, plus the minimum period required for the journeys\",\r\n      \"six working days in a calendar year, plus the minimum period required for the journeys\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 6.3<\/b> fixes the ceiling at ten days in a calendar year plus the minimum journey period. Para 6.6 deals separately with those posted AT the headquarters of the society: they may be granted special casual leave to cover the actual period of unavoidable absence, and only half a day where the absence is confined to a forenoon or an afternoon. The provision reads: 'may be granted special casual leave upto a maximum period of ten days in a calendar year, plus the minimum period required for the journeys, to attend such meetings'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 508,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where the bye-laws of a cooperative society provide for attending general meetings through delegates of members, special casual leave is available to:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the office bearers of the society only\",\r\n      \"all members of the society\",\r\n      \"the elected delegates only\",\r\n      \"neither the members nor the delegates\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 6.4<\/b> \u2014 such members 'will not be eligible for special casual leave and in such cases only the elected delegates will be eligible for this special casual leave'. The paragraph preserves one exception: where members are required to participate in a meeting outside the headquarters of the society for the purpose of electing their delegates, they may be granted special casual leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 509,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Special casual leave granted for attending meetings of cooperative societies may be combined with:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"regular leave only, and not with casual leave\",\r\n      \"ordinary casual leave only, and not with regular leave\",\r\n      \"both ordinary casual leave and regular leave\",\r\n      \"neither casual leave nor regular leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 6.5<\/b> \u2014 'Special casual leave under these orders may be combined with ordinary casual leave only and not with regular leave.' This is a narrower rule than the general principle in para 3.3, which allows special casual leave to be combined with regular leave OR casual leave. The same paragraph vests the sanctioning power in the Heads of Department, or the Ministries in other cases.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 510,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An office bearer of a recognised service association or union of Central Government employees may be granted special casual leave for participation in the activities of the association, up to a maximum in a calendar year of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"30 days\",\r\n      \"10 days\",\r\n      \"5 days\",\r\n      \"20 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, Chapter VII, clause (a)<\/b> \u2014 up to a maximum of 20 days in a calendar year. The scheme is graded: clause (b) allows 10 days to outstation or delegate members of the executive committee of a recognised All India Association or Federation, and clause (c) allows 5 days to local delegates and local members of executive committees. The provision reads: 'An office bearer of a recognized service association\/union of Central Government employees may be granted special casual leave up to a maximum of 20 days in a calendar year, for participation in the activities of Associations\/Unions'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 511,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who avails special casual leave as an office bearer of a recognised association:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"may avail such further leave only with the approval of the Head of the Department\",\r\n      \"may in addition avail special casual leave in his capacity as a delegate or committee member\",\r\n      \"is not entitled to avail special casual leave separately in his capacity as a delegate or committee member\",\r\n      \"may avail such further leave up to a further limit of five days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, Chapter VII<\/b> \u2014 'Those availing special casual leave as office-bearers will not be entitled to avail special casual leave separately in their capacity as Delegate\/Committee members.' The bar prevents the 20-day, 10-day and 5-day entitlements from being stacked. Where the association follows a year other than the calendar year for its annual elections, the entitlement is regulated by the year actually followed.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 512,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"At the request of the leader of the Staff Side, the Head of the Department or Office may grant special casual leave to a member of the Staff Side to enable him to attend Staff Side consultations, not exceeding:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"twenty days in a year\",\r\n      \"ten days in a year\",\r\n      \"five days in a year\",\r\n      \"three days in a year\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, Chapter VII<\/b> \u2014 five days in a year for a member of the Staff Side. A separate and additional entitlement of not exceeding 10 days in a year is available to the leader of the Staff Side, and at and above the Departmental Joint Council level to one Secretary from the Staff Side designated by the leader, for preparing staff side cases. The provision reads: 'the Head of the Department\/Office may grant special casual leave not exceeding five days in a year, to a member of the Staff side to enable him to attend Staff side Consultations'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 513,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Special casual leave for appearing in a departmental promotion examination is NOT admissible to departmental candidates appearing at:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"a departmental examination which is neither obligatory nor a condition of preferment\",\r\n      \"the limited departmental examination for the Section Officers grade of the Central Secretariat Service\",\r\n      \"open competitive examinations conducted by the UPSC and the Staff Selection Commission for direct recruitment\",\r\n      \"the Grade III Stenographers Examination\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 8.1<\/b> \u2014 'This facility will not be admissible to departmental candidates for appearing at the open competitive examinations conducted by UPSC and Staff Selection Commission for direct recruitment.' The concession itself covers the actual duration of the departmental promotion examination and the minimum journey period to and from the nearest examination centre.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 514,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The concession of special casual leave and travelling allowance for outstation candidates appearing in the Grade III Stenographers Examination is admissible on not more than:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"four occasions\",\r\n      \"three occasions\",\r\n      \"one occasion\",\r\n      \"two occasions\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 8.2<\/b> \u2014 'The concession of special casual leave and T.A. in respect of outstation candidates will not be admissible to a candidate on more than two occasions.' Such candidates are paid single travelling allowance only, by the class of accommodation to which they are entitled or by which they actually travel, whichever is less, and no daily allowance is paid.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 515,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The total special casual leave granted to an individual in any one calendar year for all the purposes connected with the activities of the Kendriya Sachivalaya Hindi Parishad, taken together, should not exceed:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"thirty days\",\r\n      \"five days\",\r\n      \"ten days\",\r\n      \"twenty days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 9.5<\/b> caps the aggregate at twenty days. Within that cap, para 9.2 allows up to five days including journey time for the general body meeting and prize distribution ceremonies, para 9.3 up to five days for meetings of the Central Committee at Delhi, and para 9.4 up to twenty days for office bearers in the Central Secretariat going elsewhere. The provision reads: 'The total special casual leave granted to an individual during any one calendar year for any of the purpose mentioned in (a), (b) and (c) above or for all the purposes taken together should not exceed twenty days'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 516,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant is called for an interview or medical examination to join the Indian Naval Reserve but withdraws his candidature at the interview, he:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"would not be entitled to any special casual leave\",\r\n      \"would be entitled to special casual leave for the actual period of absence\",\r\n      \"would be entitled to special casual leave for half the period of absence\",\r\n      \"would be entitled to casual leave, but not to special casual leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 10.3<\/b> \u2014 special casual leave may be granted for such an interview or medical examination where it is not possible to attend to civilian duties afterwards, but 'if a Government servant withdraws his candidature at the interview, he would not be entitled to any special casual leave'. Withdrawal therefore defeats the concession entirely.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 517,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The period of absence of a Government servant reporting for interview at the time of actual recruitment or commissioning in the Territorial Army should be treated as:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"casual leave, or to the extent casual leave is not due, as special casual leave\",\r\n      \"special casual leave in every case, whatever the casual leave at credit\",\r\n      \"duty in every case, whatever the casual leave at credit\",\r\n      \"regular leave of the kind due and admissible to him\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 10.1<\/b> \u2014 the absence 'should be treated as casual leave or to the extent casual leave is not due, as special casual leave', and the same treatment applies to the period spent in camps. Contrast <b>para 10.4<\/b>, under which the transit period from relief from the civil post to reporting to the military authorities for TRAINING is treated as special casual leave outright.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 518,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. A Government servant enrolled as a member of the Civil Defence Corps may be granted special casual leave to cover periods spent in performing duties, including training or participating in an exercise or rehearsal, during office hours.\\n2. A Government servant acting as a member of an officially sponsored auxiliary police organisation such as the Home Guards may be granted special casual leave to cover the period of training and duty.\\n3. The transit period on being called for training with the Territorial Army is treated as duty.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 reproduce <b>Brochure, paras 10.6 and 10.5<\/b>. Statement 3 is wrong: under para 10.4 the transit period from relief from the civil post to reporting to the military authorities, and back, 'should be treated as special casual leave', not as duty. Duty treatment is reserved for participation in sporting events of national or international importance under para 5.2.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 519,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where a Government servant is unable to attend office during a bandh because of failure of transport facilities, special casual leave may be granted if he had to come to his place of duty from a distance of more than:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"3 miles or 5 kilometres\",\r\n      \"5 miles or 8 kilometres\",\r\n      \"8 miles or 13 kilometres\",\r\n      \"10 miles or 16 kilometres\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, Chapter XI<\/b> \u2014 where the absence was due to failure of transport facilities, special casual leave may be granted 'the special casual leave may be granted if the Government servants had to come from a distance of more than 3 miles (5 kms.) to their places of duty'. Where the absence was due to picketing, disturbances or curfew, the leave may be granted without insisting on that distance condition.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 520,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where absence during a bandh was due to picketing, disturbances or imposition of curfew, special casual leave may be granted:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"without insisting on the condition as to the distance between the place of duty and the residence\",\r\n      \"only if the distance between the place of duty and the residence exceeds five kilometres\",\r\n      \"only if the Government servant produces a certificate from the police authorities\",\r\n      \"only to the extent of half a day for each such occasion\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, Chapter XI<\/b> \u2014 in such cases the leave 'may be granted without insisting on the condition that the distance between the place of duty and residence of the Government servant should be more than 3 miles (5 Kms)'. In every case the competent authority must be satisfied that the absence was entirely due to reasons beyond the individual's control, and the leave is granted by the Head of the Department.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 521,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who is a member of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and performs such duties during office hours on working days may be granted special casual leave not exceeding:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"three days per annum\",\r\n      \"five days per annum\",\r\n      \"ten days per annum\",\r\n      \"fourteen days per annum\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 12.2<\/b> \u2014 not exceeding three days per annum, and 'If the duties so performed extend to only half a day on any one occasion, only half a day's special casual leave should be allowed.' Para 12.2.1 is separate and more generous for one occasion: participation in the Republic Day Parade and its rehearsals as a member of the St. John Ambulance Parade is covered for the actual period of absence from duty.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 522,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who has joined the Lok Sahayak Sena, won a certificate of merit and is required to participate in the Republic Day Parade may be granted special casual leave for his stay in Delhi not exceeding:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"fourteen days\",\r\n      \"seven days\",\r\n      \"ten days\",\r\n      \"twenty-one days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 12.3<\/b> \u2014 'a period not exceeding fourteen days required for their stay in Delhi in connection with such participation plus the minimum period required for their journey from Headquarters of the Government servants to Delhi and back'. The journey period is therefore additional to the fourteen days, not included within it.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 523,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Ex-servicemen re-employed as civilians may be granted special casual leave for appearing before Medical Re-survey Boards for assessing their disability pension, up to a maximum in a year of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"15 days, including transit time both ways\",\r\n      \"10 days, including transit time both ways\",\r\n      \"21 days, excluding transit time\",\r\n      \"30 days, including transit time both ways\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 12.4<\/b> \u2014 up to a maximum of 15 days in a year including transit time both ways, on the basis of a Medical Discharge Certificate. The same paragraph extends the concession to ex-servicemen who sustained injuries during operations, to enable them to go to Artificial Limb Centres for replacement of an artificial limb or for treatment. The provision reads: 'The Ministries\/Departments and the Head of Department wherever empowered may grant such special casual leave up to a maximum of 15 days in a year, including transit time both ways on the basis of Medical Discharge Certificate'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 524,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. A Government servant who donates blood on a working day may be granted special casual leave for that day.\\n2. Special casual leave for participation in the Republic Day Parade as a member of the St. John Ambulance Parade covers the actual period of absence from duty.\\n3. Special casual leave for duties as a member of the St. John Ambulance Brigade is limited to five days per annum.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 reproduce <b>Brochure, paras 12.1 and 12.2.1<\/b>. Statement 3 alters the figure: para 12.2 limits such leave to 'not exceeding three days per annum', with half a day allowed where the duties on an occasion extend to only half a day. Three days and five days are the two figures most often transposed in this chapter.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 525,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:\\nList-I (Purpose of special casual leave)\\nA. Coaching or administration of teams in sporting events of national importance\\nB. Inter-ministerial and inter-departmental tournaments\\nC. Office bearer of a recognised service association\\nD. Attending meetings of a cooperative society, posted outside its headquarters\\nList-II (Maximum in a calendar year)\\n1. 20 days\\n2. 10 days\\n3. 30 days\\n4. 10 days plus the minimum journey period\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 5.3<\/b> gives thirty days for coaching or administration of teams; <b>para 5.7<\/b> gives ten days for inter-ministerial and inter-departmental tournaments; <b>Chapter VII, clause (a)<\/b> gives twenty days to an office bearer of a recognised association; and <b>para 6.3<\/b> gives ten days plus the minimum journey period for cooperative society meetings where the Government servant is posted outside the headquarters of the society. The provision reads: 'may be granted special casual leave upto a maximum period of ten days in a calendar year, plus the minimum period required for the journeys, to attend such meetings'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 526,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following are treated as duty rather than as special casual leave?\\n1. Participation in a sporting event of national or international importance\\n2. Time spent travelling to and from such a tournament\\n3. A pre-participation coaching camp held in connection with such an event, which the Government servant is required to attend\\n4. A trekking expedition approved by the Indian Mountaineering Foundation\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Only one\",\r\n      \"Only two\",\r\n      \"Only three\",\r\n      \"All four\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 5.2<\/b> covers the first three: participation, the travel to and from, and a required pre-participation coaching camp 'may also be treated as duty'. Statement 4 falls under <b>para 5.6<\/b>, which grants special casual leave not exceeding thirty days in a calendar year for approved trekking or mountaineering expeditions, and does not treat the period as duty.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 527,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the right to leave:\\n1. Leave cannot be claimed as of right.\\n2. Leave of any kind may be refused or revoked by the authority competent to grant it when the exigencies of public service so require.\\n3. That authority may alter the kind of leave due and applied for whenever it considers it appropriate.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 2 reproduce <b>Rule 7(1)<\/b> and the first limb of <b>Rule 7(2)<\/b>. Statement 3 drops the crucial qualification: the same sub-rule provides that 'it shall not be open to that authority to alter the kind of leave due and applied for except at the written request of the Government servant'. The written request of the employee is the only gateway to conversion.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 528,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the effect of dismissal, removal or resignation on the leave at credit:\\n1. The claim to leave at credit ceases from the date of dismissal, removal or resignation.\\n2. That rule operates except as otherwise provided in Rule 39 and in the rule itself.\\n3. A Government servant dismissed and reinstated on appeal is entitled to count for leave his service prior to dismissal.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"All three are correct. <b>Rule 9(1)<\/b> opens with 'Except as provided in Rule 39 and this rule, any claim to leave to the credit of a Government servant, who is dismissed or removed or who resigns from Government service, ceases from the date of such dismissal or removal or resignation' and provides that the claim 'ceases from the date of such dismissal or removal or resignation'. <b>Rule 9(3)<\/b> restores the position on reinstatement: such a Government servant 'shall be entitled to count for leave his service prior to dismissal or removal, as the case may be'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 529,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following statements regarding acceptance of service or employment while on leave are correct?\\n1. A Government servant on leave shall not take up any service or employment elsewhere without previous sanction.\\n2. Where the proposed employment lies in India, the sanction of the authority empowered to appoint him is required.\\n3. A Government servant on leave preparatory to retirement shall not be permitted to take up private employment.\\n4. A Government servant permitted a limited amount of private practice is outside the restriction.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Only one\",\r\n      \"Only two\",\r\n      \"Only three\",\r\n      \"All four\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"All four are correct. <b>Rule 13(1)<\/b> imposes the restriction and carves out those permitted a limited amount of private practice, casual literary work or service as an examiner; clause (b) requires the sanction of the appointing authority where the employment lies in India, and clause (a) that of the President where it lies elsewhere; and <b>Rule 13(2)(c)<\/b> bars private employment during leave preparatory to retirement. The provision reads: 'who has been permitted a limited amount of private practice or who has been permitted to undertake casual literary work or service as an examiner or similar employment'.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 530,\r\n    \"chapter\": \"LEAVE RULES CH 2: GENERAL CONDITIONS\",\r\n    \"question\": \"All of the following are correct statements regarding commutation of one kind of leave into another EXCEPT that:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"commutation may be claimed by the Government servant as a matter of right\",\r\n      \"commutation operates retrospectively\",\r\n      \"the leave commuted into must have been due and admissible at the time the leave was granted\",\r\n      \"extraordinary leave may be commuted retrospectively into leave not due\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 10(1)<\/b> provides in terms that 'the Government servant cannot claim such commutation as a matter of right', so option (a) is the incorrect statement. Options (b) and (c) restate the same sub-rule, and option (d) the Note under Rule 10, which permits extraordinary leave granted on medical certificate or otherwise to be commuted retrospectively into leave not due subject to Rule 31.\"\r\n  }\r\n];\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   3. SANITISE + INDEX\r\n   Both banks are checked the same way; bad rows are dropped with a\r\n   console note rather than blanking the widget.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction sanitise(list, kind){\r\n  if(!Array.isArray(list)) return [];\r\n  const ok=[], bad=[];\r\n  list.forEach((q,i)=>{\r\n    const good = q && q.id!==undefined && typeof q.question==='string'\r\n      && Array.isArray(q.options) && q.options.length>=2\r\n      && Number.isInteger(q.correct) && q.correct>=0 && q.correct<q.options.length\r\n      && typeof q.chapter==='string' && q.chapter.length;\r\n    if(good){ q.bank = kind; ok.push(q); } else bad.push({row:i, id:q&&q.id});\r\n  });\r\n  if(bad.length) console.warn('['+kind+' bank] skipped '+bad.length+' malformed question(s):', bad);\r\n  return ok;\r\n}\r\nconst PYQ = sanitise(pyqQuestions,'pyq');\r\nconst CON = sanitise(conceptQuestions,'concept');\r\nconst QS  = PYQ.concat(CON);\r\n\r\nconst L = ['A','B','C','D','E','F'];\r\nconst uid = q => q.bank+'##'+q.chapter+'##'+q.id;\r\nconst BY_UID = new Map(QS.map(q=>[uid(q), q]));\r\n\r\n\/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n   Chapters are keyed on their number, so the two banks do not have to\r\n   spell the name identically. 'Ch 2', 'CH 2: Right to Information...'\r\n   and 'Chapter-2' all resolve to the same chapter; the longest spelling\r\n   found in either bank becomes the display name.\r\n   --------------------------------------------------------------------- *\/\r\nconst ROMAN = {i:1,ii:2,iii:3,iv:4,v:5,vi:6,vii:7,viii:8,ix:9,x:10,xi:11,xii:12};\r\nfunction chKey(str){\r\n  const t = String(str).toUpperCase().replace(\/[\\u2010-\\u2015]\/g,'-').trim();\r\n  let m = t.match(\/^(?:CH|CHAP|CHAPTER)\\s*[-.:]?\\s*(\\d+)\/);\r\n  if(m) return 'CH'+(+m[1]);\r\n  m = t.match(\/^(?:APPENDICES|APPENDIX|ANNEXURES?|ANNEXES?|APNDX|APPX|APDX|APP)\\s*[-.:]?\\s*(\\d+|[IVX]+)\\b\/);\r\n  if(m){ const v=m[1]; return 'APP'+(\/^\\d+$\/.test(v) ? +v : (ROMAN[v.toLowerCase()]||v)); }\r\n  m = t.match(\/^(\\d+)\\s*[-.:)]\/);\r\n  if(m) return 'CH'+(+m[1]);\r\n  return 'T:'+t.replace(\/[^A-Z0-9]+\/g,' ').trim();\r\n}\r\nconst CH_NAME = (function(){\r\n  const best={};\r\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ const k=chKey(q.chapter);\r\n    if(!best[k] || q.chapter.length>best[k].length) best[k]=q.chapter; });\r\n  return best;\r\n})();\r\nQS.forEach(q=>{ q.chKey = chKey(q.chapter); q.chapter = CH_NAME[q.chKey]; });\r\n\r\nconst CHAPTERS = (function(){\r\n  const seen=[]; QS.forEach(q=>{ if(!seen.includes(q.chapter)) seen.push(q.chapter); }); return seen;\r\n})();\r\nconst BY_CH = (()=>{ const m=new Map();\r\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ if(!m.has(q.chapter)) m.set(q.chapter,[]); m.get(q.chapter).push(q); }); return m; })();\r\nconst inCh   = c => BY_CH.get(c) || [];\r\nconst inChB  = (c,b) => inCh(c).filter(q=>q.bank===b);\r\n\r\nfunction chOrder(c){\r\n  const k = chKey(c);\r\n  if(k.startsWith('CH'))  return [0, +k.slice(2)||0, c];\r\n  if(k.startsWith('APP')) return [1, +k.slice(3)||99, c];\r\n  return [2, 0, c];\r\n}\r\nfunction byChapterOrder(a,b){\r\n  const x=chOrder(a.chapter||a), y=chOrder(b.chapter||b);\r\n  return x[0]-y[0] || x[1]-y[1] || String(x[2]).localeCompare(String(y[2]));\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* a bank that stores chapter names in block capitals is softened for display *\/\r\nfunction titleCase(str){\r\n  const t=String(str), letters=t.replace(\/[^A-Za-z]\/g,'');\r\n  if(!letters || letters !== letters.toUpperCase()) return t;\r\n  const small=new Set(['of','the','and','for','in','to','a','an','on','by','or','with','from','as','at','under']);\r\n  return t.toLowerCase().replace(\/[A-Za-z][A-Za-z'\\u2019]*\/g,(w,i)=>\r\n    (i>0 && small.has(w)) ? w : w.charAt(0).toUpperCase()+w.slice(1))\r\n    .replace(\/\\bCh\\b\/g,'Ch').replace(\/\\bC&ag\\b\/gi,'C&AG').replace(\/\\bRti\\b\/g,'RTI');\r\n}\r\nconst chShort = c => { const k=chKey(c);\r\n  return k.startsWith('CH') ? 'Ch '+k.slice(2) : k.startsWith('APP') ? 'Appx '+k.slice(3) : titleCase(c).slice(0,22); };\r\nconst chBrief = c => { const m=String(c).match(\/^\\s*(?:CH|CHAPTER)\\s*(\\d+)\\s*:\\s*(.+)$\/i);\r\n  const cap=t=>t.length>40?t.slice(0,38).trim()+'\\u2026':t;\r\n  return m ? 'Ch '+m[1]+': '+cap(titleCase(m[2])) : cap(titleCase(String(c))); };\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   4. EXAM WEIGHT \u2014 counted, not declared\r\n   A chapter's weight is its share of the PYQ bank. Nothing is set by\r\n   hand, so adding a year of papers re-weights the whole page. If there\r\n   are no PYQs at all, the page falls back to the concept bank's shape\r\n   and stops calling it exam weight.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst W = (function(){\r\n  const pyqCount={}, conCount={};\r\n  CHAPTERS.forEach(c=>{ pyqCount[c]=inChB(c,'pyq').length; conCount[c]=inChB(c,'concept').length; });\r\n  const totalPyq = PYQ.length, totalCon = CON.length;\r\n  const weights={};\r\n  if(totalPyq>0) CHAPTERS.forEach(c=>weights[c]=pyqCount[c]\/totalPyq);\r\n  else           CHAPTERS.forEach(c=>weights[c]= totalCon?conCount[c]\/totalCon:0);\r\n  \/\/ chapters the paper has never touched\r\n  const untested = CHAPTERS.filter(c=>pyqCount[c]===0 && conCount[c]>0);\r\n  return {weights, pyqCount, conCount, totalPyq, totalCon, untested, measured: totalPyq>0};\r\n})();\r\nconst weightOf = c => W.weights[c] || 0;\r\nconst pctLabel = x => { const v=(x||0)*100; if(!(v>0)) return '0%';\r\n  return (v<10 ? Math.round(v*10)\/10 : Math.round(v)) + '%'; };\r\n\r\n\/* wording \u2014 weights are counted from real papers here, so the exam\r\n   language is accurate; it softens on its own if no PYQs are loaded *\/\r\nconst WT = W.measured;\r\nconst T = {\r\n  ofPaper   : WT ? 'of the exam'          : 'of this bank',\r\n  onScreen  : WT ? 'Exam weight on screen': 'Share on screen',\r\n  colWeight : WT ? 'Exam weight'          : 'Share of bank',\r\n  covered   : WT ? 'Paper weight touched' : 'Bank covered',\r\n  projected : WT ? 'Projected paper score': 'Projected score',\r\n  leakHead  : WT ? 'Where your marks are leaking' : 'Where you are losing the most',\r\n  leakUnit  : WT ? 'marks \/100'           : 'points \/100',\r\n  leakWord  : WT ? 'marks'                : 'points',\r\n  readyDef  : WT ? 'Readiness = \\u03a3 (exam weight \\u00d7 mastery)' : 'Readiness = \\u03a3 (share of the bank \\u00d7 mastery)',\r\n  paperOut  : WT ? 'the paper would come out near' : 'you would score around'\r\n};\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   6. PROGRESS (localStorage, one record per quizId)\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst SCHEMA = 1;\r\nconst KEY = 'pe_chapterdrill_' + CFG.quizId;\r\nfunction blank(){ return { schema:SCHEMA, stats:{}, weak:[], flags:[], log:[], queue:[], queueLabel:'', queueKind:'', lastUid:null }; }\r\nlet P = (function(){\r\n  const p = blank();\r\n  try{\r\n    const s = localStorage.getItem(KEY);\r\n    if(s){ const j=JSON.parse(s);\r\n      if(j && j.schema===SCHEMA) Object.assign(p, j);\r\n      else if(j) console.warn('[storage] older schema found; starting fresh.');\r\n    }\r\n  }catch(e){ console.warn('progress load failed', e); }\r\n  ['weak','flags','log','queue'].forEach(k=>{ if(!Array.isArray(p[k])) p[k]=[]; });\r\n  if(!p.stats) p.stats={};\r\n  return p;\r\n})();\r\nlet storageWarned=false;\r\nfunction save(){\r\n  try{\r\n    if(P.log.length>400) P.log = P.log.slice(-400);\r\n    localStorage.setItem(KEY, JSON.stringify(P));\r\n  }catch(e){\r\n    try{ P.log = P.log.slice(-80); localStorage.setItem(KEY, JSON.stringify(P)); }\r\n    catch(e2){ if(!storageWarned){ storageWarned=true; toast('Your browser is blocking saved progress \u2014 this sitting will not be remembered'); } }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\nfunction stat(u){ if(!P.stats[u]) P.stats[u]={correct:0,incorrect:0,last:null,lastOk:null}; return P.stats[u]; }\r\nconst flags = new Set(P.flags);\r\nconst weak  = new Set(P.weak);\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   7. SESSION STATE\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst S = { tab:'quiz', filter:'all', chapter:null, bank:'all', i:0, pick:null, nudge:false,\r\n            query:'', unattempted:false, ans:{}, order:[] };\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   8. FORMAT + TRAIT MODEL\r\n   SHAPE  = how the question is built (one per question)\r\n   TRAIT  = what it turns on (a question may carry several)\r\n   A shape gap is a reading habit; a trait gap is recall. Same number,\r\n   opposite remedy \u2014 so they are reported separately.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst SHAPES = [\r\n  { key:'match',  label:'Match the following (List-I \/ List-II)',\r\n    test:q => \/list\\s*-?\\s*i\\b\/i.test(q.question) },\r\n  { key:'multi',  label:'Multi-statement \/ how many are correct',\r\n    test:q => q.question.split(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/).filter(x=>\/^\\s*\\d+[.)]\/.test(x)).length>=2 },\r\n  { key:'direct', label:'Explanation', test:()=>true }  \/\/ catch-all\r\n];\r\nconst TRAITS = [\r\n  { key:'cite',      label:'Para, rule, article or article-number recall',\r\n    test:q => \/\\b(para|paragraph|rule|article|section|appendix|schedule|clause)\\s*[-\u2013]?\\s*\\d\/i.test(q.question+' '+q.options.join(' ')) },\r\n  { key:'period',    label:'Time limits and periods',\r\n    test:q => \/\\b\\d+\\s*(day|week|month|year|hour)s?\\b|\\b(one|two|three|four|five|six|seven|ten|fourteen|fifteen|twenty|twenty-five|thirty|forty-five|sixty|ninety)[\\s-](day|week|month|year)s?\\b\/i.test(q.options.join(' ')) },\r\n  { key:'money',     label:'Numbers, monetary limits and percentages',\r\n    test:q => \/\u20b9|\\bRs\\.?\\s*\\d|\\blakhs?\\b|\\bcrores?\\b|per\\s*cent|%|\\bone-(third|fourth|half|tenth)\\b\/i.test(q.options.join(' ')) },\r\n  { key:'authority', label:'Competent authority \/ level \/ who does what',\r\n    test:q => \/\\bwho\\b|\\bby whom\\b|\\bauthority\\b|\\brank of\\b|\\blevel of\\b|\\bnot below\\b|addressed to|shall be (signed|issued|approved|maintained|prepared|submitted)\/i.test(q.question+' '+q.options.join(' ')) },\r\n  { key:'negative',  label:'Negatively phrased (\u201cNOT correct\u201d, \u201cexcept\u201d)',\r\n    test:q => \/\\bnot correct\\b|\\bis incorrect\\b|\\bare not correct\\b|\\bexcept\\b|\\bdoes not\\b|\\bcannot\\b|\\bnot required\\b|\\bneed not\\b|\\bis\\\/are not\\b\/i.test(q.question) }\r\n];\r\nconst _shape = {};\r\nfunction shapeOf(q){ const u=uid(q); return _shape[u] || (_shape[u] = SHAPES.find(s=>s.test(q)) || SHAPES[SHAPES.length-1]); }\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   9. MODELS\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction smoothed(c,i){ const k=CFG.priorStrength, p0=CFG.priorAccuracy; return (c + k*p0)\/(c + i + k); }\r\nfunction expectedRate(c,i,coverage){ return smoothed(c,i)*coverage + CFG.priorAccuracy*(1-coverage); }\r\nfunction recall(st){\r\n  if(!st || !st.last || st.correct<2) return null;\r\n  const R=CFG.retention, reps=Math.max(1, st.correct - st.incorrect);\r\n  const stability = R.baseDays * Math.pow(R.growth, reps-1);\r\n  return Math.exp(-((Date.now()-st.last)\/86400000)\/stability);\r\n}\r\nfunction retentionIndex(){\r\n  let s=0,n=0; QS.forEach(q=>{ const r=recall(P.stats[uid(q)]); if(r!==null){s+=r;n++;} });\r\n  return n ? Math.round(s\/n*100) : null;\r\n}\r\nfunction bankStats(c, bank){\r\n  const qs = inChB(c, bank);\r\n  let att=0, ok=0, bad=0, mastSum=0;\r\n  qs.forEach(q=>{ const st=P.stats[uid(q)];\r\n    if(st && (st.correct+st.incorrect)>0){ att++; ok+=st.correct; bad+=st.incorrect; }\r\n    mastSum += st ? Math.min(st.correct\/CFG.masteryThreshold,1) : 0; });\r\n  return { count:qs.length, att, ok, bad,\r\n           acc:(ok+bad)?ok\/(ok+bad):null,\r\n           coverage: qs.length?att\/qs.length:0,\r\n           mastery: qs.length?mastSum\/qs.length:0 };\r\n}\r\nfunction chapterRows(){\r\n  return CHAPTERS.map(c=>{\r\n    const pyq = bankStats(c,'pyq'), con = bankStats(c,'concept');\r\n    const count = pyq.count+con.count, att = pyq.att+con.att;\r\n    const ok = pyq.ok+con.ok, bad = pyq.bad+con.bad;\r\n    const acc = (ok+bad) ? ok\/(ok+bad) : null;\r\n    const weight = weightOf(c);\r\n    const coverage = count?att\/count:0;\r\n    const mastery  = count ? (pyq.mastery*pyq.count + con.mastery*con.count)\/count : 0;\r\n    const expected = expectedRate(ok,bad,coverage);\r\n    const leak = weight*(1-expected);\r\n    const difficulty = acc===null ? 1 : (1.4 - 0.6*acc);\r\n    return { chapter:c, count, weight, pyq, con, att, ok, bad,\r\n             coverage, acc, mastery, expected, leak,\r\n             priority: weight*(1-mastery)*difficulty };\r\n  }).sort((a,b)=>b.weight-a.weight);\r\n}\r\nfunction readiness(){\r\n  const rows=chapterRows();\r\n  return {\r\n    score     : Math.round(rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.weight*r.mastery,0)*100),\r\n    projected : Math.round(rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.weight*r.expected,0)*100),\r\n    covered   : Math.round(rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.weight*r.coverage,0)*100),\r\n    touched   : Object.values(P.stats).some(s=>(s.correct+s.incorrect)>0),\r\n    rows\r\n  };\r\n}\r\nfunction masteredCount(){ return QS.filter(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)]; return s && s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold; }).length; }\r\nfunction formatRows(){\r\n  const acc={};\r\n  const ensure=(k,l,kind)=> acc[k] || (acc[k]={key:k,label:l,kind:kind,ok:0,bad:0,total:0,seen:0});\r\n  SHAPES.forEach(s=>ensure(s.key,s.label,'shape'));\r\n  TRAITS.forEach(t=>ensure(t.key,t.label,'trait'));\r\n  QS.forEach(q=>{\r\n    const s=P.stats[uid(q)], buckets=[acc[shapeOf(q).key]];\r\n    TRAITS.forEach(t=>{ if(t.test(q)) buckets.push(acc[t.key]); });\r\n    buckets.forEach(r=>{ r.total++; if(s && (s.correct+s.incorrect)>0){ r.seen++; r.ok+=s.correct; r.bad+=s.incorrect; } });\r\n  });\r\n  return Object.values(acc).map(r=>{ const n=r.ok+r.bad; r.attempts=n; r.acc = n? r.ok\/n : null; return r; })\r\n    .filter(r=>r.total>0);\r\n}\r\nfunction dueForRevision(){\r\n  const risk=CFG.retention.riskBelow;\r\n  return QS.map(q=>{\r\n    const st=P.stats[uid(q)], r=recall(st);\r\n    if(r===null || r>=risk) return null;\r\n    return { q, recall:r, days:Math.floor((Date.now()-st.last)\/86400000), urgency: weightOf(q.chapter)*(1-r) };\r\n  }).filter(Boolean).sort((a,b)=>b.urgency-a.urgency);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   10. SESSION PLANNER\r\n   Focused set \u2014 chapter time in proportion to the marks leaking out.\r\n   Mock paper  \u2014 ignores your history, mirrors the shape of the bank.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction gain(q){\r\n  const u=uid(q), st=P.stats[u], c=st?st.correct:0, i=st?st.incorrect:0;\r\n  const deficit = 1 - Math.min(c\/CFG.masteryThreshold, 1);\r\n  let urgency = 1 + 0.15*deficit;\r\n  if(weak.has(u)) urgency += 0.60;\r\n  const r = recall(st);\r\n  if(r!==null && r<CFG.retention.riskBelow) urgency += (1-r);\r\n  if(c+i===0) urgency += 0.15;\r\n  return weightOf(q.chapter)*(deficit+0.12)*urgency;\r\n}\r\nfunction allocate(rows,n,shareOf){\r\n  const total = rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+Math.max(0,shareOf(r)),0);\r\n  if(!(total>0)) return rows.map(r=>({r,slots:0}));\r\n  const out = rows.map(r=>{ const exact=n*Math.max(0,shareOf(r))\/total;\r\n    return {r, exact, slots:Math.min(Math.floor(exact), r.count)}; });\r\n  let left = n - out.reduce((a,x)=>a+x.slots,0);\r\n  out.slice().sort((a,b)=>(b.exact-b.slots)-(a.exact-a.slots))\r\n     .forEach(x=>{ if(left>0 && x.slots<x.r.count){ x.slots++; left--; } });\r\n  if(left>0) out.slice().sort((a,b)=>shareOf(b.r)-shareOf(a.r))\r\n     .forEach(x=>{ while(left>0 && x.slots<x.r.count){ x.slots++; left--; } });\r\n  return out;\r\n}\r\n\/* Fisher\u2013Yates, so the order of a sitting is never the order of the bank *\/\r\nfunction shuffle(a){\r\n  for(let i=a.length-1;i>0;i--){ const j=Math.floor(Math.random()*(i+1)); [a[i],a[j]]=[a[j],a[i]]; }\r\n  return a;\r\n}\r\n\/* Weighted sampling without replacement: a high score makes a question\r\n   likely, never certain. Two sittings built back to back therefore share\r\n   only part of their content instead of being identical. *\/\r\nfunction sampleWeighted(pool, n, scoreFn){\r\n  const items = pool.map(q=>({q, w:Math.max(scoreFn(q), 1e-9)}));\r\n  const out=[];\r\n  n = Math.min(n, items.length);\r\n  for(let k=0;k<n;k++){\r\n    let total=0; items.forEach(x=>total+=x.w);\r\n    let r=Math.random()*total, hit=items.length-1;\r\n    for(let i=0;i<items.length;i++){ r-=items[i].w; if(r<=0){ hit=i; break; } }\r\n    out.push(items[hit].q);\r\n    items.splice(hit,1);\r\n  }\r\n  return out;\r\n}\r\nfunction buildSession(kind){\r\n  const only = kind==='pyq' ? 'pyq' : null;\r\n  const rows = chapterRows().filter(r=> only ? r[only].count>0 : r.count>0);\r\n  if(!rows.length) return 0;\r\n  const cap = kind==='mock' ? CFG.mockSize : kind==='pyq' ? CFG.pyqSize : CFG.sessionSize;\r\n  const n = Math.min(cap, only==='pyq' ? PYQ.length : QS.length);\r\n  const share = kind==='focus' ? (r=>r.leak) : (r=>r.weight);\r\n  const alloc = allocate(rows.map(r=>only?Object.assign({},r,{count:r[only].count}):r), n, share);\r\n\r\n  \/\/ whatever you were given last time is pushed down, not banned\r\n  const last = new Set(P.queue||[]);\r\n  const fresh = u => last.has(u) ? 0.3 : 1;\r\n\r\n  const picked=[];\r\n  alloc.forEach(({r,slots})=>{\r\n    if(!slots) return;\r\n    const pool = only ? inChB(r.chapter,only).slice() : inCh(r.chapter).slice();\r\n    if(kind==='mock' || kind==='pyq'){\r\n      \/\/ the mock ignores how well you know a question and simply spreads\r\n      \/\/ itself over the bank, favouring what you have seen least\r\n      picked.push(...sampleWeighted(pool, slots, q=>{\r\n        const st=P.stats[uid(q)], seen=st?(st.correct+st.incorrect):0;\r\n        const stale=(st&&st.last) ? Math.min((Date.now()-st.last)\/(86400000*30),1) : 1;\r\n        return (1\/(1+seen*1.6) + 0.35*stale) * fresh(uid(q));\r\n      }));\r\n    } else {\r\n      picked.push(...sampleWeighted(pool, slots, q=>gain(q)*fresh(uid(q))));\r\n    }\r\n  });\r\n  shuffle(picked);\r\n  P.queue = picked.map(uid);\r\n  P.queueLabel = kind==='mock' ? 'Mock paper' : kind==='pyq' ? 'PYQ paper' : 'Focused set';\r\n  P.queueKind = kind;\r\n  save();\r\n  return picked.length;\r\n}\r\nfunction startSession(kind){\r\n  const had = (P.queue||[]).length;\r\n  const n = buildSession(kind);\r\n  if(!n){ toast('Nothing to build a session from yet'); return; }\r\n  setTab('quiz'); setFilter('session');\r\n  S.ans = {};                                   \/\/ a new sitting starts clean\r\n  toast(P.queueLabel+' ready \u2014 '+n+' fresh questions'+(had?' (previous set replaced)':''), true);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   11. POOL \/ FILTERS\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction pool(){\r\n  let p = QS.slice();\r\n  if(S.filter==='pyq')     p = p.filter(q=>q.bank==='pyq');\r\n  if(S.filter==='concept') p = p.filter(q=>q.bank==='concept');\r\n  if(S.filter==='chapter' && S.chapter){\r\n    p = inCh(S.chapter).slice();\r\n    if(S.bank!=='all') p = p.filter(q=>q.bank===S.bank);\r\n  }\r\n  if(S.filter==='weak')    p = p.filter(q=>weak.has(uid(q)));\r\n  if(S.filter==='flagged') p = p.filter(q=>flags.has(uid(q)));\r\n  if(S.filter==='session') p = (P.queue||[]).map(u=>BY_UID.get(u)).filter(Boolean);\r\n  if(S.query){ const t=S.query.toLowerCase();\r\n    p = p.filter(q=>(q.question+' '+q.options.join(' ')+' '+q.explanation).toLowerCase().includes(t)); }\r\n  if(S.unattempted) p = p.filter(q=>S.ans[uid(q)]==null);\r\n  return p;\r\n}\r\nfunction refreshWeak(){\r\n  weak.clear();\r\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)];\r\n    if(s && s.incorrect>=CFG.weakThreshold && s.correct<CFG.masteryThreshold) weak.add(uid(q)); });\r\n  P.weak=[...weak];\r\n}\r\nrefreshWeak();\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   12. STEM RENDERING (statements + List-I \/ List-II)\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst cleanStem = t => String(t).replace(\/^\\s*(?:Q|Question)\\s*\\.?\\s*\\d+\\s*[.):\\-]\\s*\/i,'').trim();\r\nconst QN = '<span class=\"qno\">Q.<\/span>';   \/\/ the marker printed before every stem\r\nfunction buildStem(raw){\r\n  const lines = raw.split(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/).map(s=>s.trim()).filter(Boolean);\r\n  const plain = s => s.replace(\/<\\\/?b>\/g,'').trim();\r\n  const isMatch = lines.some(l=>\/^List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*I\\b\/i.test(plain(l)));\r\n  const numbered = lines.filter(l=>\/^\\d+[.)]\\s\/.test(plain(l)));\r\n  if(isMatch) return matchCard(lines, plain);\r\n  if(numbered.length>=2) return stmtCard(lines, plain);\r\n  return plainCard(lines);\r\n}\r\n\/* a single-statement question gets the same sheet as the other two, so\r\n   every question on the page reads the same way *\/\r\nfunction plainCard(lines){\r\n  return '<div class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><div class=\"qsheet\">'\r\n    + lines.map((l,i)=>'<p class=\"'+(i===0?'lead':'close')+'\">'+(i===0?QN:'')+l+'<\/p>').join('')\r\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\r\n}\r\nfunction stmtCard(lines, plain){\r\n  const isN = l => \/^\\d+[.)]\\s\/.test(plain(l));\r\n  const first = lines.findIndex(isN);\r\n  let last=-1; lines.forEach((l,i)=>{ if(isN(l)) last=i; });\r\n  const head = lines.slice(0,first), tail = lines.slice(last+1);\r\n  const items = lines.slice(first,last+1).filter(isN).map(l=>plain(l).replace(\/^\\d+[.)]\\s*\/,''));\r\n  return '<div class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><div class=\"qsheet\">'\r\n    + head.map((l,i)=>'<p class=\"'+(i===0?'lead':'intro')+'\">'+(i===0?QN:'')+l+'<\/p>').join('')\r\n    + '<ol class=\"stmts\">'+items.map(t=>'<li><span>'+t+'<\/span><\/li>').join('')+'<\/ol>'\r\n    + tail.map(l=>'<p class=\"close\">'+l+'<\/p>').join('')\r\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\r\n}\r\n\/* Match-the-following comes in every shape: one item per line, or the\r\n   whole list run together on a single line separated by semicolons or\r\n   commas, or nothing at all between items. All three are split here so\r\n   the two columns always come out as proper rows. *\/\r\nfunction splitItems(body, kind){\r\n  const lab = kind==='alpha' ? '[A-Fa-f]' : '\\\\d{1,2}';\r\n  const mk  = re => new RegExp(re.replace('LAB', lab), 'g');\r\n  let parts = body.split(mk('\\\\s*[;\\\\n]\\\\s*(?=LAB\\\\s*[.):]\\\\s)'));\r\n  if(parts.length < 2) parts = body.split(mk('\\\\s*,\\\\s*(?=LAB\\\\s*[.):]\\\\s)'));\r\n  if(parts.length < 2) parts = body.split(mk('(?<=\\\\S)\\\\s+(?=LAB\\\\s*[.)]\\\\s)'));\r\n  const re = new RegExp('^\\\\s*('+lab+')\\\\s*[.):]\\\\s*(.+?)\\\\s*[;,.]?\\\\s*$');\r\n  return parts.map(p=>{ const m=String(p).match(re);\r\n    return m ? {k:m[1].toUpperCase(), v:m[2]} : null; }).filter(Boolean);\r\n}\r\nfunction matchCard(lines, plain){\r\n  \/\/ keep line breaks, normalise only runs of spaces\r\n  const text = lines.map(plain).join('\\n').replace(\/[ \\t]+\/g,' ').trim();\r\n\r\n  \/* The opening line almost always names both lists \u2014 \"Match List-I with\r\n     List-II and select\u2026\" \u2014 so the first occurrence of each is the wrong\r\n     one. Take the last List-I that actually has items after it, and the\r\n     first List-II following that. *\/\r\n  const at = re => [...text.matchAll(re)].map(m=>m.index);\r\n  const posI  = at(\/List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*I\\b\/gi);\r\n  const posII = at(\/List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*II\\b\/gi);\r\n  const hasItems = (str,kind) =>\r\n    (kind==='alpha' ? \/[A-F]\\s*[.):]\\s\/ : \/\\d{1,2}\\s*[.):]\\s\/).test(str);\r\n  let iI=-1, iII=-1;\r\n  for(let k=posI.length-1;k>=0 && iI<0;k--){\r\n    const ii = posII.find(x=>x>posI[k]);\r\n    if(ii===undefined) continue;\r\n    if(hasItems(text.slice(posI[k],ii),'alpha') && hasItems(text.slice(ii),'num')){ iI=posI[k]; iII=ii; }\r\n  }\r\n  if(iI<0 || iII<0) return plainCard(lines);\r\n\r\n  const head  = text.slice(0, iI).trim();\r\n  let segI    = text.slice(iI, iII).trim();\r\n  let segII   = text.slice(iII).trim();\r\n\r\n  \/\/ anything after the lists \u2014 \"Code :\", \"Select the correct answer\u2026\"\r\n  let tail = '';\r\n  const t = segII.match(\/(?:\\n|\\s)(Code\\s*[:.]?\\s*$|(?:Select|Choose)\\b[\\s\\S]*$)\/i);\r\n  if(t){ tail = t[1].trim(); segII = segII.slice(0, t.index).trim(); }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ column captions: \"List-I (Purpose of Leave) :\"\r\n  const capRe = \/^List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*I{1,2}\\b\\s*(\\([^)]*\\))?\\s*[:.]?\\s*\/i;\r\n  const hI  = segI.match(capRe),  hII = segII.match(capRe);\r\n  const capI  = hI  ? hI[0].replace(\/[\\s:.]+$\/,'')  : 'List-I';\r\n  const capII = hII ? hII[0].replace(\/[\\s:.]+$\/,'') : 'List-II';\r\n  const rowsI  = splitItems(hI  ? segI.slice(hI[0].length)  : segI,  'alpha');\r\n  const rowsII = splitItems(hII ? segII.slice(hII[0].length): segII, 'num');\r\n  if(!rowsI.length || !rowsII.length) return plainCard(lines);\r\n\r\n  const cell = x => '<li><b>'+x.k+'.<\/b><span>'+x.v+'<\/span><\/li>';\r\n  const headLines = head ? head.split('\\n').filter(Boolean) : [];\r\n  return '<div class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><div class=\"qsheet\">'\r\n    + (headLines.length\r\n        ? headLines.map((l,i)=>'<p class=\"'+(i===0?'lead':'intro')+'\">'+(i===0?QN:'')+l+'<\/p>').join('')\r\n        : '<p class=\"lead\">'+QN+'Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:<\/p>')\r\n    + '<div class=\"lists\">'\r\n      + '<div class=\"lcol\"><h5>'+capI+'<\/h5><ul>'+rowsI.map(cell).join('')+'<\/ul><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"lcol\"><h5>'+capII+'<\/h5><ul>'+rowsII.map(cell).join('')+'<\/ul><\/div>'\r\n    + '<\/div>'\r\n    + '<p class=\"close\">'+(tail || 'Select the correct answer using the code given below:')+'<\/p>'\r\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   13. UI HELPERS\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst $ = id => document.getElementById(id);\r\nlet toastTimer=null;\r\nfunction toast(msg, ok){\r\n  const t=$('toast'); t.innerHTML=msg; t.className='toast show'+(ok?' ok':'');\r\n  clearTimeout(toastTimer); toastTimer=setTimeout(()=>t.className='toast',3000);\r\n}\r\nconst SRC_ON = !!(CFG.sourceUrl && CFG.sourceUrl.trim());\r\nconst stripHtml = s => String(s).replace(\/<[^>]+>\/g,'').replace(\/\\s+\/g,' ').trim();\r\nconst preview = (q,n) => { const t=stripHtml(q.question); return t.length>n ? t.slice(0,n)+'\u2026' : t; };\r\nfunction stars(u){\r\n  const s=P.stats[u]; if(!s || (s.correct+s.incorrect)===0) return null;\r\n  return { filled: Math.min(s.correct, CFG.masteryThreshold), c:s.correct, i:s.incorrect };\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   14. RENDER \u2014 PRACTICE\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction renderCtx(){\r\n  const panel=$('chapPanel');\r\n  const on = S.filter==='chapter';\r\n  panel.classList.toggle('hide', !on);\r\n  if(!on) return;\r\n  document.querySelectorAll('#cdRoot .bankseg button').forEach(b=>\r\n    b.setAttribute('aria-pressed', b.dataset.bank===S.bank));\r\n  const rows = chapterRows().filter(r=>r.count>0).sort(byChapterOrder);\r\n  if(!S.chapter || !rows.some(r=>r.chapter===S.chapter)) S.chapter = rows[0] ? rows[0].chapter : null;\r\n  $('chapList').innerHTML = rows.map((r,n)=>{\r\n    const sel = r.chapter===S.chapter;\r\n    const mastered = inCh(r.chapter).filter(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)]; return s && s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold; }).length;\r\n    const title = r.chapter+(WT?' \u2014 '+pctLabel(r.weight)+' of the exam':'')\r\n                + ' \u00b7 '+r.pyq.count+' PYQs, '+r.con.count+' concept MCQs \u00b7 '\r\n                + Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'% seen'+(mastered?' \u00b7 '+mastered+' mastered':'');\r\n    return '<button class=\"chapchip\" aria-pressed=\"'+sel+'\" data-ch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.chapter)+'\" title=\"'+title+'\">'\r\n      + '<span class=\"no\">'+(n+1)+'<\/span>'\r\n      + '<span class=\"cn\">'+titleCase(r.chapter)+'<\/span>'\r\n      + (WT ? '<span class=\"cw\">'+pctLabel(r.weight)+' of exam<\/span>' : '')\r\n      + (mastered===r.count ? '<span class=\"done\">\u2713<\/span>' : '')\r\n      + '<span class=\"cc pyq\" title=\"previous year questions\">'+r.pyq.count+'<\/span>'\r\n      + '<span class=\"cc con\" title=\"concept MCQs\">'+r.con.count+'<\/span><\/button>';\r\n  }).join('');\r\n  const r = rows.find(x=>x.chapter===S.chapter);\r\n  $('ctxMeta').textContent = r\r\n    ? Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'% seen \u00b7 '+(r.acc===null?'not attempted':Math.round(r.acc*100)+'% accurate')\r\n    : '';\r\n}\r\nfunction render(){\r\n  renderCtx();\r\n  const p = pool();\r\n  const ec = $('emptyCard');\r\n  if(!p.length){\r\n    $('qCard').classList.add('hide'); ec.classList.remove('hide');\r\n    $('emptyBody').innerHTML =\r\n      S.query    ? '<b>No match for \u201c'+S.query+'\u201d<\/b>Try a rule or paragraph number, or a phrase like \u201cpart file\u201d.' :\r\n      S.filter==='weak'    ? '<b>No weak areas yet<\/b>Anything you answer wrong lands here until you have it right '+CFG.masteryThreshold+' times.' :\r\n      S.filter==='flagged' ? '<b>Nothing flagged yet<\/b>Press <b style=\"display:inline\">Flag for review<\/b> under any question and it collects here.' :\r\n      S.filter==='session' ? '<b>No session built yet<\/b>Open My Performance and build a Focused set or a Mock paper.' :\r\n      S.unattempted        ? '<b>You have attempted everything here<\/b>Turn off \u201cUnattempted only\u201d to revise what you have done.' :\r\n                             '<b>No questions in this selection<\/b>Clear the search or pick another chapter.';\r\n    renderNav(p); rail(p); return;\r\n  }\r\n  ec.classList.add('hide'); $('qCard').classList.remove('hide');\r\n  if(S.i>=p.length) S.i=0; if(S.i<0) S.i=p.length-1;\r\n\r\n  const q=p[S.i], u=uid(q), given=S.ans[u];\r\n  $('qCount').textContent = 'Question '+(S.i+1)+' of '+p.length;\r\n  $('qChap').textContent  = chBrief(q.chapter);\r\n  const src=$('qSrc');\r\n  src.className = 'badge-src '+(q.bank==='pyq'?'pyq':'con');\r\n  src.textContent = q.bank==='pyq' ? ('PYQ'+(q.year?' '+q.year:'')) : 'Concept';\r\n  const tags=[];\r\n  if(weak.has(u))  tags.push('<span class=\"qtag weak\">\u26a0\ufe0f Weak<\/span>');\r\n  if(flags.has(u)) tags.push('<span class=\"qtag flag\">\ud83d\udd16 Flagged<\/span>');\r\n  const sMast=P.stats[u];\r\n  if(sMast && sMast.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold) tags.push('<span class=\"qtag done\">\u2713 Mastered<\/span>');\r\n  $('qTags').innerHTML = tags.join('');\r\n  const st = stars(u), badge=$('qMastery');\r\n  if(!st){ badge.textContent='Not seen yet'; badge.className='badge-m'; }\r\n  else {\r\n    const done = st.c>=CFG.masteryThreshold;\r\n    badge.textContent = '\u2605'.repeat(st.filled)+'\u2606'.repeat(Math.max(0,CFG.masteryThreshold-st.filled))+'  '+st.c+'\u2713 '+st.i+'\u2717';\r\n    badge.className = 'badge-m'+(weak.has(u)&&!done?' weak':'');\r\n  }\r\n  $('qStem').outerHTML = buildStem(cleanStem(q.question));\r\n\r\n  const box=$('qOpts'); box.innerHTML='';\r\n  q.options.forEach((o,k)=>{\r\n    const b=document.createElement('button');\r\n    b.className='opt';\r\n    b.innerHTML='<span class=\"key\">('+L[k].toLowerCase()+')<\/span><span class=\"txt\">'+o+'<\/span>';\r\n    if(given!=null){\r\n      b.disabled=true;\r\n      if(k===q.correct){ b.classList.add('right'); b.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend','<span class=\"mark r\">Correct<\/span>'); }\r\n      else if(k===given){ b.classList.add('wrong'); b.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend','<span class=\"mark w\">Your answer<\/span>'); }\r\n    } else if(S.pick===k) b.classList.add('sel');\r\n    b.onclick=()=>{ if(given!=null) return; S.pick=k; S.nudge=false; render(); };\r\n    box.appendChild(b);\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  const bc=$('btnCheck');\r\n  bc.disabled = given!=null;\r\n  bc.textContent = given!=null ? 'Answered \u2713' : 'Check answer';\r\n  $('pickHint').classList.toggle('hide', !(given==null && S.pick==null && S.nudge));\r\n  const on = flags.has(u);\r\n  $('btnFlag').setAttribute('aria-pressed', on);\r\n  $('flagIco').textContent = on ? '\ud83d\udd16' : '\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f';\r\n  $('flagTxt').textContent = on ? 'Flagged' : 'Flag for review';\r\n\r\n  const res=$('result');\r\n  res.classList.toggle('hide', given==null);\r\n  if(given!=null){\r\n    const ok = given===q.correct, v=$('verdict');\r\n    v.className='verdict '+(ok?'r':'w');\r\n    v.innerHTML = ok ? '\u2713 Correct \u2014 '+L[q.correct]+' is right'\r\n                     : '\u2715 Not quite \u2014 the answer is '+L[q.correct];\r\n    $('explBody').innerHTML = q.explanation;\r\n  }\r\n  renderNav(p); rail(p);\r\n}\r\nlet navOpen=true;\r\nfunction renderNav(p){\r\n  const card=$('navCard');\r\n  if(!p.length){ card.classList.add('hide'); return; }\r\n  card.classList.remove('hide');\r\n  const done=p.filter(q=>S.ans[uid(q)]!=null).length;\r\n  $('navTitle').textContent = 'Navigator \u2014 '+done+' of '+p.length+' attempted';\r\n  const g=$('navGrid');\r\n  g.classList.toggle('hide', !navOpen);\r\n  $('navToggle').textContent = navOpen ? 'Hide' : 'Show';\r\n  if(!navOpen) return;\r\n  g.innerHTML='';\r\n  p.forEach((q,k)=>{\r\n    const u=uid(q), a=S.ans[u], s=P.stats[u];\r\n    const b=document.createElement('button');\r\n    b.className='nq'+(k===S.i?' cur':(a!=null?(a===q.correct?' r':' w'):''))\r\n              + (s && s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold ? ' mastered':'');\r\n    b.innerHTML=(k+1)+(flags.has(u)?'<span class=\"fl\">\ud83d\udd16<\/span>':'');\r\n    b.title = 'Q'+(k+1)+' \u00b7 '+chBrief(q.chapter)+(a!=null?(a===q.correct?' \u00b7 correct':' \u00b7 wrong'):'');\r\n    b.setAttribute('aria-label','Go to question '+(k+1));\r\n    b.onclick=()=>{ S.i=k; S.pick=null; render(); };\r\n    g.appendChild(b);\r\n  });\r\n}\r\nfunction rail(p){\r\n  const seen=Object.keys(S.ans).length;\r\n  const right=Object.entries(S.ans).filter(([u,a])=>BY_UID.get(u) && BY_UID.get(u).correct===a).length;\r\n  $('sPct').textContent = seen ? Math.round(right\/seen*100)+'%' : '\u2014';\r\n  $('sFrac').textContent = right+' of '+seen+' correct';\r\n  $('sBar').style.width = (seen?right\/seen*100:0)+'%';\r\n  $('sSeen').textContent = seen+' attempted';\r\n  $('sLeft').textContent = Math.max(0,p.length-S.i-1)+' left here';\r\n  const st=$('streak'); st.innerHTML='';\r\n  Object.entries(S.ans).slice(-10).forEach(([u,a])=>{\r\n    const q=BY_UID.get(u); if(!q) return;\r\n    const el=document.createElement('i'); el.className = q.correct===a?'r':'w'; st.appendChild(el);\r\n  });\r\n  const chs=[...new Set(p.map(q=>q.chapter))];\r\n  const w=chs.reduce((s,c)=>s+weightOf(c),0)*100;\r\n  $('wPct').textContent = w.toFixed(1)+'%';\r\n  $('wNote').textContent = p.length+' questions on screen, from '+chs.length+' '+(chs.length===1?'chapter':'chapters')+'. '\r\n    + (w>=35 ? 'That is a big slice in one sitting \u2014 worth clearing properly.' : 'Useful for topping up once the bigger chapters are secure.');\r\n  hdr();\r\n}\r\nfunction hdr(){\r\n  $('hQ').textContent = QS.length;\r\n  $('hCh').textContent = CHAPTERS.length;\r\n  $('hMastered').textContent = (QS.length ? Math.round(masteredCount()\/QS.length*100) : 0)+'%';\r\n  const r=readiness();\r\n  $('hReady').textContent = r.touched ? r.score+'%' : '\u2014';\r\n  $('fAll').textContent  = QS.length;\r\n  $('fPyq').textContent  = PYQ.length;\r\n  $('fCon').textContent  = CON.length;\r\n  $('fWeak').textContent = weak.size;\r\n  $('fFlag').textContent = flags.size;\r\n  $('fSess').textContent = (P.queue||[]).length;\r\n  $('pillSession').classList.toggle('hide', !(P.queue||[]).length);\r\n  $('sessLabel').textContent = P.queueLabel || 'My session';\r\n  $('perfPill').classList.toggle('hide', weak.size<5);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   15. RENDER \u2014 PERFORMANCE\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction renderPerf(){\r\n  const body=$('perfBody');\r\n  const seen=Object.values(P.stats).filter(s=>(s.correct+s.incorrect)>0).length;\r\n  $('perfCount').textContent = seen+' questions attempted';\r\n\r\n  if(!QS.length){ body.innerHTML='<div class=\"empty\"><b>No questions loaded<\/b>Paste your bank into <code>chapterQuestions<\/code> and reload.<\/div>'; return; }\r\n  const R = readiness();\r\n  if(!R.touched){\r\n    body.innerHTML = '<div class=\"empty\"><b>Your coach is waiting for data<\/b>Answer a few questions in Practice. '\r\n      + 'The coach then scores your readiness against the weightage of each chapter, works out where marks are leaking, and builds the next sitting for you.<\/div>'\r\n      + plannerHTML(true);\r\n    bindPerf(); return;\r\n  }\r\n  const rows=R.rows, byPriority=[...rows].sort((a,b)=>b.priority-a.priority);\r\n  const allC=Object.values(P.stats).reduce((a,s)=>a+s.correct,0);\r\n  const allI=Object.values(P.stats).reduce((a,s)=>a+s.incorrect,0);\r\n  const accAll = (allC+allI) ? Math.round(allC\/(allC+allI)*100) : 0;\r\n  const recent = P.log.slice(-20);\r\n  const accRec = recent.length ? Math.round(recent.filter(x=>x.ok).length\/recent.length*100) : 0;\r\n  const trend = recent.length>=5 ? (accRec>accAll?' \u2197':(accRec<accAll?' \u2198':'')) : '';\r\n  const ret = retentionIndex();\r\n  const due = dueForRevision();\r\n  const band=(v,hi,mid)=> v>=hi?'var(--ok)': v>=mid?'#8A6206':'var(--bad)';\r\n\r\n  const verdict = R.score>=80 ? '<b>In good shape.<\/b> Hold it there with the revision queue and weak-area drills.'\r\n    : R.score>=60 ? '<b>Strong base.<\/b> Close the gaps in the biggest chapters below to cross 80.'\r\n    : R.score>=35 ? '<b>Building up.<\/b> Work the plan top-down \u2014 it is ordered by what will move this number fastest.'\r\n    : '<b>Early stage.<\/b> Start at the top of the plan; the biggest chapters move this number fastest.';\r\n\r\n  body.innerHTML =\r\n  '<div class=\"hero2\">'\r\n  + '<div class=\"ring-card\"><div class=\"ring\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Readiness '+R.score+' out of 100\">'\r\n    + '<svg width=\"150\" height=\"150\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle class=\"bg\" cx=\"75\" cy=\"75\" r=\"64\"><\/circle>'\r\n    + '<circle class=\"fg\" cx=\"75\" cy=\"75\" r=\"64\" stroke-dasharray=\"402\" stroke-dashoffset=\"'+(402-402*R.score\/100)+'\"><\/circle><\/svg>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"ring-txt\"><b>'+R.score+'<\/b><span>Readiness \/ 100<\/span><\/div><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"verdict2\">'+verdict+'<br><span style=\"font-size:11.6px;opacity:.85\">'+T.readyDef+' across '+CHAPTERS.length\r\n    + ' chapters. On today\\u2019s form '+T.paperOut+' <b>'+R.projected+'%<\/b>.<\/span><\/div><\/div>'\r\n  + '<div class=\"coach\"><h4>\ud83e\udded What to do next<\/h4><div id=\"recoList\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n  + '<\/div>'\r\n\r\n  + plannerHTML(false)\r\n\r\n  + '<div class=\"kpis\">'\r\n    + kpi(R.projected+'%',T.projected, band(R.projected,65,45))\r\n    + kpi(R.covered+'%',T.covered, band(R.covered,70,40))\r\n    + kpi(ret===null?'\u2014':ret+'%','Retention now', ret===null?'var(--slate)':band(ret,75,55))\r\n    + kpi(accAll+'%','Lifetime accuracy', band(accAll,70,45))\r\n    + kpi(accRec+'%'+trend,'Last 20 attempts', band(accRec,70,45))\r\n    + kpi(masteredCount(),'Mastered ('+CFG.masteryThreshold+'\u2713)','var(--ok)')\r\n    + kpi(weak.size,'Weak questions','var(--bad)')\r\n    + kpi(flags.size,'Flagged','#8A6206')\r\n  + '<\/div>'\r\n\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">02<\/span>Chapter performance vs '+(WT?'exam weight':'bank share')+'<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p>Both banks scored separately, so you can see a chapter that is fine on practice questions and weak on the real paper.<\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">priority = high weight \\u00d7 low accuracy<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"tblwrap\" style=\"border:0;border-radius:0\"><table class=\"perf-t nested\"><thead>'\r\n    + '<tr><th rowspan=\"2\" class=\"lft\">Chapter<\/th><th rowspan=\"2\">'+T.colWeight+'<\/th>'\r\n    + '<th colspan=\"2\" class=\"grp pyq\">PYQs<\/th>'\r\n    + '<th colspan=\"2\" class=\"grp con\">Concept MCQs<\/th>'\r\n    + '<th rowspan=\"2\">Status<\/th><th rowspan=\"2\">Practice<\/th><\/tr>'\r\n    + '<tr><th class=\"sub2\">Covered<\/th><th class=\"sub2\">Accuracy<\/th>'\r\n    + '<th class=\"sub2\">Covered<\/th><th class=\"sub2\">Accuracy<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>'\r\n    + byPriority.map(r=>{\r\n        const a = r.acc===null?null:Math.round(r.acc*100);\r\n        const tag = r.count===0 ? '<span class=\"tag na\">No questions<\/span>'\r\n          : r.acc===null ? '<span class=\"tag na\">Not started<\/span>'\r\n          : a<45 ? '<span class=\"tag hot\">Critical<\/span>'\r\n          : a<65 ? '<span class=\"tag warm\">Needs work<\/span>'\r\n          : a<85 ? '<span class=\"tag ok\">On track<\/span>'\r\n                 : '<span class=\"tag good\">Strong<\/span>';\r\n        const cov = b => b.count ? b.att+'\/'+b.count : '<span class=\"nil\">\\u2014<\/span>';\r\n        const accCell = b => {\r\n          if(b.acc===null) return '<span class=\"nil\">\\u2014<\/span>';\r\n          const v=Math.round(b.acc*100);\r\n          const col = v<45?'var(--bad)':v<65?'var(--gold)':'var(--ok)';\r\n          return '<div class=\"minibar\"><i style=\"width:'+Math.max(v,4)+'%;background:'+col+'\"><\/i><\/div>'\r\n               + '<span class=\"miniv\" style=\"color:'+col+'\">'+v+'%<\/span>';\r\n        };\r\n        const wcell = '<b class=\"wt\">'+pctLabel(r.weight)+'<\/b>'\r\n          + (WT ? '<span class=\"wsub\">('+r.pyq.count+' PYQ'+(r.pyq.count===1?'':'s')+')<\/span>' : '');\r\n        return '<tr><td class=\"lft\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/td>'\r\n          + '<td>'+wcell+'<\/td>'\r\n          + '<td>'+cov(r.pyq)+'<\/td><td>'+accCell(r.pyq)+'<\/td>'\r\n          + '<td>'+cov(r.con)+'<\/td><td>'+accCell(r.con)+'<\/td>'\r\n          + '<td>'+tag+'<\/td>'\r\n          + '<td class=\"prac\">'\r\n            + (r.pyq.count?'<button class=\"mini-go pyq\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.chapter)+'\" data-bank=\"pyq\">PYQ<\/button>':'')\r\n            + (r.con.count?'<button class=\"mini-go\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.chapter)+'\" data-bank=\"concept\">Drill<\/button>':'')\r\n          + '<\/td><\/tr>';\r\n      }).join('')\r\n    + '<\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">03<\/span>'+T.leakHead+'<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p id=\"leakNote\"><\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">'+rows.filter(r=>r.count>0).length+' chapters<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"leakBars\"><\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">04<\/span>How you handle each kind of question<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p id=\"fmtNote\"><\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">format beats topic when the gap is wide<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"subhead\"><h5>How the question is built<\/h5><span>one shape per question<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"shapeBars\"><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"subhead\"><h5>What the question turns on<\/h5><span>a question can sit in more than one \u2014 a time limit asked as a multi-statement code counts on both<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"traitBars\"><\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  + '<div class=\"split\">'\r\n    + '<div class=\"panel\"><h4 class=\"ph\"><span class=\"secno\">05<\/span> Revision queue \u2014 what is fading fastest<\/h4><div id=\"revQ\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"panel\"><h4 class=\"ph\"><span class=\"secno\">06<\/span> Mastery distribution<\/h4><div id=\"mastDist\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n  + '<\/div>'\r\n\r\n  + '<div class=\"danger\"><p><b>Danger zone.<\/b> This permanently erases your lifetime performance for this subject \u2014 mastery, weak areas, flags, accuracy history and the readiness score. Reset session on the Practice tab does <b>not<\/b> touch this.<\/p>'\r\n    + '<button class=\"dbtn\" id=\"btnWipe\">\ud83d\uddd1\ufe0f Reset my performance<\/button><\/div>';\r\n\r\n  renderRecos(byPriority, rows, due);\r\n  renderLeaks(rows);\r\n  renderFormats();\r\n  renderRevision(due);\r\n  renderMastery();\r\n  bindPerf();\r\n}\r\nfunction kpi(v,l,color){ return '<div class=\"kpi\"><b style=\"color:'+color+'\">'+v+'<\/b><span>'+l+'<\/span><\/div>'; }\r\nfunction plannerHTML(empty){\r\n  const rows=chapterRows().filter(r=>r.count>0).sort((a,b)=>b.leak-a.leak).slice(0,2).map(r=>chShort(r.chapter));\r\n  return '<div class=\"planner\"><div><h4><span class=\"secno\">01<\/span>Plan the next sitting<\/h4><p id=\"plannerNote\">'\r\n    + (empty\r\n        ? 'The focused set gives each chapter time in proportion to what you are losing in it. The mock paper ignores your history and mirrors the shape of the whole bank. Neither is fixed \\u2014 build again and you get a fresh set of questions.'\r\n        : 'The focused set gives each chapter time in proportion to what is leaking out of it \\u2014 right now mostly <b>'+rows.join('<\/b> and <b>')+'<\/b>. The mock paper mirrors the exam weight across both banks, and the PYQ paper drills nothing but real papers. None of them is fixed: press again for a fresh set, and last time\\u2019s questions are pushed to the back of the queue.')\r\n    + '<\/p><\/div><div class=\"pbtns\">'\r\n    + '<button class=\"pbtn primary\" id=\"btnFocus\">\ud83e\udde9 Focused set \u2014 '+Math.min(CFG.sessionSize,QS.length)+' Q<\/button>'\r\n    + '<button class=\"pbtn\" id=\"btnMock\">\ud83d\udcc4 Mock paper \u2014 '+Math.min(CFG.mockSize,QS.length)+' Q<\/button>'\r\n    + (PYQ.length ? '<button class=\"pbtn navy\" id=\"btnPyq\">\ud83d\udcdc PYQ paper \u2014 '+Math.min(CFG.pyqSize,PYQ.length)+' Q<\/button>' : '')\r\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\r\n}\r\nfunction renderRecos(byPriority, rows, due){\r\n  const out=[], named=new Set();\r\n  byPriority.slice(0,3).forEach(r=>{\r\n    if(!r.count) return;\r\n    named.add(r.chapter);\r\n    const imp = WT ? '<b>'+pctLabel(r.weight)+'<\/b> of the exam ('+r.pyq.count+' PYQ'+(r.pyq.count===1?'':'s')+')' : '';\r\n    if(r.acc===null)\r\n      out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83e\udded',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(imp?' is '+imp+' and':'')+' you have not touched it yet \u2014 start here.',ch:r.chapter});\r\n    else if(r.acc<0.6)\r\n      out.push({ic:'hot',icon:'\ud83d\udd25',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(imp?', '+imp+',':'')+' is running at only <b>'+Math.round(r.acc*100)+'%<\/b> \u2014 about <b>'+(r.leak*100).toFixed(1)+' '+T.leakWord+' per 100<\/b> are going here.',ch:r.chapter});\r\n    else if(r.coverage<0.6)\r\n      out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\ud83d\udd0d',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>: accuracy is fine at '+Math.round(r.acc*100)+'%, but you have seen only <b>'+Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'%<\/b> of a chapter'+(imp?' '+imp:'')+' \u2014 finish the set.',ch:r.chapter});\r\n    else\r\n      out.push({ic:'good',icon:'\u2705',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(imp?' ('+stripHtml(imp)+')':'')+' is in good shape at '+Math.round(r.acc*100)+'% \u2014 keep it warm through the revision queue.',ch:r.chapter});\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/\/ a format gap costs you in every chapter at once\r\n  const f = formatRows().filter(r=>r.acc!==null && r.attempts>=8).sort((a,b)=>a.acc-b.acc);\r\n  if(f.length>=2){\r\n    const worst=f[0], best=f[f.length-1];\r\n    if(best.acc-worst.acc >= 0.12){\r\n      const tail = worst.kind==='shape'\r\n        ? 'That is a reading habit, not a gap in the rules \u2014 and it costs you in every chapter at once.'\r\n        : 'That is recall, not comprehension \u2014 these have to be committed to memory, and they turn up everywhere.';\r\n      out.push({ic:'hot',icon:'\ud83e\udde9',txt:'<b>'+worst.label+'<\/b> questions are running at <b>'+Math.round(worst.acc*100)+'%<\/b> while you sit at '+Math.round(best.acc*100)+'% on '+best.label.toLowerCase()+'. '+tail});\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \/\/ big chapter you have exhausted\r\n  const done = rows.filter(r=>!named.has(r.chapter) && r.weight>=0.08 && r.coverage>=0.9 && r.count>0).sort((a,b)=>b.weight-a.weight)[0];\r\n  if(done) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83d\udcd8',txt:'You have worked nearly every question in <b>'+chBrief(done.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(WT?', '+pctLabel(done.weight)+' of the exam':'')+'. Practice has given what it can \u2014 go back to the source text for the rest.',ch:done.chapter});\r\n\r\n  \/\/ a chapter drilled hard that the paper has never actually asked from\r\n  if(WT && W.untested.length){\r\n    const worked = W.untested.map(c=>rows.find(r=>r.chapter===c)).filter(r=>r&&r.coverage>0.5)\r\n                    .sort((a,b)=>b.con.count-a.con.count)[0];\r\n    if(worked) out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\u2696\ufe0f',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(worked.chapter)+'<\/b> has <b>no previous year questions<\/b> at all, and you are already '+Math.round(worked.coverage*100)+'% through its concept MCQs. Worth knowing before you spend another evening on it.',ch:worked.chapter});\r\n  }\r\n  \/\/ heavy on the paper, thin on practice material\r\n  const thin = rows.filter(r=>r.weight>=0.10 && r.con.count>0 && r.con.count < r.pyq.count)\r\n                   .sort((a,b)=>b.weight-a.weight)[0];\r\n  if(WT && thin) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83d\udcda',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(thin.chapter)+'<\/b> is <b>'+pctLabel(thin.weight)+'<\/b> of the exam but has only '+thin.con.count+' concept MCQ'+(thin.con.count===1?'':'s')+' against '+thin.pyq.count+' PYQs. The bank is thin exactly where the paper is heavy.',ch:thin.chapter});\r\n  if(weak.size>=3) out.push({ic:'hot',icon:'\u26a0\ufe0f',txt:'You have <b>'+weak.size+' weak questions<\/b> flagged, biggest chapter first. One Weak-areas sitting clears the backlog.',weak:true});\r\n  if(due.length) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83d\udd01',txt:'<b>'+due.length+' questions<\/b> you had mastered have decayed below <b>'+Math.round(CFG.retention.riskBelow*100)+'% recall<\/b>. Re-answering one costs seconds; re-learning it later costs an evening.'});\r\n  if(flags.size) out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\ud83d\udd16',txt:'<b>'+flags.size+'<\/b> question'+(flags.size>1?'s are':' is')+' flagged for review. Clear the flags before the next mock.',flag:true});\r\n\r\n  $('recoList').innerHTML = out.map(r=>{\r\n    let btn='';\r\n    if(r.ch)        btn='<button class=\"go\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.ch)+'\">Practice \u2192<\/button>';\r\n    else if(r.weak) btn='<button class=\"go\" data-goweak=\"1\">Start \u2192<\/button>';\r\n    else if(r.flag) btn='<button class=\"go\" data-goflag=\"1\">Open \u2192<\/button>';\r\n    return '<div class=\"reco\"><span class=\"ic '+r.ic+'\">'+r.icon+'<\/span><p>'+r.txt+'<\/p>'+btn+'<\/div>';\r\n  }).join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction renderLeaks(rows){\r\n  const list = rows.filter(r=>r.count>0).sort((a,b)=>b.leak-a.leak);\r\n  if(!list.length) return;\r\n  const max = Math.max(0.0001, ...list.map(r=>r.leak));\r\n  const total = list.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.leak,0)*100;\r\n  const top3 = list.slice(0,3);\r\n  $('leakNote').innerHTML = 'On today\\u2019s form you would expect to drop about <b>'+Math.round(total)+' '+T.leakWord+' in every 100<\/b>. <b>'\r\n    + top3.map(r=>chShort(r.chapter)).join(', ')+'<\/b> alone account for <b>'+Math.round(top3.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.leak,0)*100)\r\n    + '<\/b> of them \u2014 the shortest route to a better score.';\r\n  $('leakBars').innerHTML = list.map(r=>{\r\n    const m=r.leak*100;\r\n    const col = m>=8?'linear-gradient(90deg,#F08A92,var(--bad))' : m>=4?'linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold))' : 'linear-gradient(90deg,#9DB6EE,var(--blue-700))';\r\n    return '<div class=\"lrow\"><div><span class=\"lname\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/span>'\r\n      + '<span class=\"lsub\">'+(WT?pctLabel(r.weight)+' of the exam \u00b7 ':'')+'you would clear about '+Math.round(r.expected*100)+'% today<\/span><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"ltrack\"><div class=\"lfill\" style=\"width:'+(r.leak\/max*100)+'%;background:'+col+'\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"lval\">'+m.toFixed(1)+'<small>'+T.leakUnit+'<\/small><\/div><\/div>';\r\n  }).join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction renderFormats(){\r\n  const rows=formatRows();\r\n  const bar = r => {\r\n    const p = r.acc===null?null:Math.round(r.acc*100);\r\n    const col = p===null?'#CBD5E1' : p<50?'linear-gradient(90deg,#F08A92,var(--bad))' : p<70?'linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold))' : 'linear-gradient(90deg,#6EE7B7,var(--ok))';\r\n    return '<div class=\"lrow\"><div><span class=\"lname\">'+r.label+'<\/span>'\r\n      + '<span class=\"lsub\">'+r.total+' in this bank \u00b7 '+r.seen+' attempted<\/span><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"ltrack\"><div class=\"lfill\" style=\"width:'+(p===null?0:p)+'%;background:'+col+'\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"lval\">'+(p===null?'\u2014':p+'%')+'<small>accuracy<\/small><\/div><\/div>';\r\n  };\r\n  const sorter=(a,b)=>(a.acc===null)-(b.acc===null)||(a.acc-b.acc);\r\n  $('shapeBars').innerHTML = rows.filter(r=>r.kind==='shape').sort(sorter).map(bar).join('');\r\n  $('traitBars').innerHTML = rows.filter(r=>r.kind==='trait').sort(sorter).map(bar).join('');\r\n  const rated = rows.filter(r=>r.acc!==null && r.attempts>=8).sort(sorter);\r\n  $('fmtNote').innerHTML = rated.length>=2\r\n    ? (()=>{ const w=rated[0], b=rated[rated.length-1], gap=Math.round((b.acc-w.acc)*100);\r\n        return gap>=12\r\n          ? 'Your weakest kind of question is <b>'+w.label+'<\/b> at <b>'+Math.round(w.acc*100)+'%<\/b>, against <b>'+Math.round(b.acc*100)+'%<\/b> on '+b.label.toLowerCase()+' \u2014 a <b>'+gap+'-point<\/b> gap. That is worth more than any single chapter, because these turn up in all of them.'\r\n          : 'You handle the different kinds of question evenly, within <b>'+gap+' points<\/b> of each other. Nothing to fix here \u2014 keep working the chapter list.'; })()\r\n    : 'Attempt a few more and this will show whether the format is costing you more than the topic.';\r\n}\r\nfunction renderRevision(due){\r\n  $('revQ').innerHTML = due.length\r\n    ? due.slice(0,8).map(d=>'<button class=\"rev\" data-gouid=\"'+encodeURIComponent(uid(d.q))+'\">'\r\n        + '<span class=\"n\">Q'+d.q.id+'<\/span><span class=\"t\">'+preview(d.q,58)+'<\/span>'\r\n        + '<span class=\"d\">'+Math.round(d.recall*100)+'% recall<\/span><\/button>').join('')\r\n    : '<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.6\">Nothing decaying right now. Mastered questions return here as their estimated recall drops below '+Math.round(CFG.retention.riskBelow*100)+'%.<\/p>';\r\n}\r\nfunction renderMastery(){\r\n  const b=[0,0,0,0];\r\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)];\r\n    if(!s || (s.correct+s.incorrect)===0) b[0]++;\r\n    else if(s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold) b[3]++;\r\n    else if(s.correct>=2) b[2]++;\r\n    else b[1]++; });\r\n  const labels=['Untouched','Learning (0\u20131 \u2713)','Almost there (2 \u2713)','Mastered ('+CFG.masteryThreshold+' \u2713+)'];\r\n  const cols=['#CBD5E1','var(--gold)','var(--blue-700)','var(--ok)'];\r\n  $('mastDist').innerHTML = b.map((n,i)=>\r\n    '<div class=\"lrow\" style=\"grid-template-columns:minmax(120px,1fr) 2fr 54px\"><span class=\"lname\">'+labels[i]+'<\/span>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"ltrack\"><div class=\"lfill\" style=\"width:'+(QS.length?n\/QS.length*100:0)+'%;background:'+cols[i]+'\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"lval\" style=\"font-size:15px\">'+n+'<\/div><\/div>').join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction bindPerf(){\r\n  const f=$('btnFocus'), m=$('btnMock'), y=$('btnPyq'), w=$('btnWipe');\r\n  if(f) f.onclick=()=>startSession('focus');\r\n  if(m) m.onclick=()=>startSession('mock');\r\n  if(y) y.onclick=()=>startSession('pyq');\r\n  if(w) w.onclick=wipe;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   15b. EXAM ANALYTICS  \u2014  what the paper has actually asked\r\n   Everything here is counted from the PYQ bank's year field. Nothing is\r\n   estimated, so the tab hides itself when no years are recorded.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst YEAR_ORDER = y => { const m=String(y).match(\/\\d{4}\/); return m ? +m[0] : 9999; };\r\nfunction examData(){\r\n  const years=[...new Set(PYQ.map(q=>q.year).filter(y=>y!==undefined && y!==null && y!==''))]\r\n              .sort((a,b)=>YEAR_ORDER(a)-YEAR_ORDER(b) || String(a).localeCompare(String(b)));\r\n  const rows = CHAPTERS.map(c=>{\r\n    const qs=inChB(c,'pyq'), byYear={};\r\n    years.forEach(y=>byYear[y]=0);\r\n    qs.forEach(q=>{ if(byYear[q.year]!==undefined) byYear[q.year]++; });\r\n    return { chapter:c, total:qs.length, byYear,\r\n             share: PYQ.length?qs.length\/PYQ.length:0 };\r\n  }).filter(r=>r.total>0).sort((a,b)=>b.total-a.total);\r\n  const perYear={}; years.forEach(y=>perYear[y]=PYQ.filter(q=>q.year===y).length);\r\n  return {years, rows, perYear, total:PYQ.length};\r\n}\r\nfunction renderExam(){\r\n  const d = examData(), body=$('examBody');\r\n  $('examCount').textContent = PYQ.length+' previous year questions';\r\n  if(!PYQ.length){ body.innerHTML='<div class=\"empty\"><b>No previous year questions loaded<\/b>Paste them into <code>pyqQuestions<\/code>, each with its year.<\/div>'; return; }\r\n\r\n  const hi = CFG.highYield, maxTot = Math.max(...d.rows.map(r=>r.total), 1);\r\n  const maxCell = Math.max(1, ...d.rows.map(r=>Math.max(...Object.values(r.byYear))));\r\n  const shade = n => { if(!n) return '';\r\n    const t=n\/maxCell;\r\n    return 'background:'+(t>0.8?'#D99B12':t>0.6?'#E8B44A':t>0.4?'#F2D28C':t>0.2?'#F9E9C4':'#FDF6E6')\r\n         + ';color:'+(t>0.6?'#3A2A02':'#8A6206')+';font-weight:800';\r\n  };\r\n  const maxYear = Math.max(...Object.values(d.perYear), 1);\r\n  const heavy = d.rows.filter(r=>r.total>=hi);\r\n  const heavyShare = heavy.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.share,0);\r\n  const spread = d.rows.filter(r=>Object.values(r.byYear).filter(Boolean).length >= Math.ceil(d.years.length*0.6));\r\n\r\n  body.innerHTML =\r\n  \/\/ ---------- 01 ranked ----------\r\n  '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">01<\/span>Ranked \u2014 previous year questions per chapter<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p>'+(heavy.length\r\n        ? '<b>'+heavy.length+' chapter'+(heavy.length===1?'':'s')+'<\/b> carry '+hi+' questions or more and together hold <b>'\r\n          + Math.round(heavyShare*100)+'%<\/b> of every paper on record. They are shown in gold.'\r\n        : 'No chapter has reached '+hi+' questions yet, so nothing is marked high-yield.')+'<\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">gold = high-yield ('+hi+'+ Qs)<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"bars\">'\r\n    + d.rows.map((r,i)=>{\r\n        const gold = r.total>=hi;\r\n        return '<div class=\"rankrow\"><span class=\"rk\">'+(i+1)+'<\/span>'\r\n          + '<span class=\"rname'+(gold?' gold':'')+'\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+titleCase(r.chapter)+'<\/span>'\r\n          + '<div class=\"rtrack\"><i style=\"width:'+(r.total\/maxTot*100)+'%;background:'\r\n            + (gold?'linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold-lt),#D99B12)':'linear-gradient(90deg,#93B4F7,var(--blue-700))')+'\"><\/i><\/div>'\r\n          + '<span class=\"rv\">'+r.total+'<\/span><span class=\"rp\">'+(r.share*100).toFixed(1)+'%<\/span><\/div>';\r\n      }).join('')\r\n    + '<\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------- 02 heatmap ----------\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">02<\/span>Heatmap matrix \u2014 chapter \\u00d7 exam year<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p>'+(spread.length\r\n        ? '<b>'+spread.map(r=>chShort(r.chapter)).slice(0,3).join(', ')+'<\/b> appear in most papers on record \u2014 those are the standing favourites, not one-off spikes.'\r\n        : 'Read down a column to see what a single paper favoured; read across a row to see whether a chapter is a regular or a one-off.')+'<\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">darker gold = more questions<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"tblwrap\" style=\"border:0;border-radius:0\"><table class=\"perf-t hm\"><thead><tr>'\r\n    + '<th class=\"lft\">Chapter<\/th>'+d.years.map(y=>'<th>'+y+'<\/th>').join('')+'<th class=\"tot\">Total<\/th>'\r\n    + '<\/tr><\/thead><tbody>'\r\n    + d.rows.map(r=>'<tr><td class=\"lft\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+titleCase(r.chapter)+'<\/td>'\r\n        + d.years.map(y=>{ const n=r.byYear[y];\r\n            return '<td style=\"'+shade(n)+'\">'+(n||'<span class=\"nil\">\\u00b7<\/span>')+'<\/td>'; }).join('')\r\n        + '<td class=\"tot\">'+r.total+'<\/td><\/tr>').join('')\r\n    + '<\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td class=\"lft\">Total<\/td>'\r\n    + d.years.map(y=>'<td>'+d.perYear[y]+'<\/td>').join('')+'<td>'+d.total+'<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"hmlegend\"><span>Low<\/span>'\r\n    + ['#FDF6E6','#F9E9C4','#F2D28C','#E8B44A','#D99B12'].map(c=>'<i style=\"background:'+c+'\"><\/i>').join('')\r\n    + '<span>High<\/span><\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------- 03 per cycle ----------\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">03<\/span>Questions per exam cycle<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p>How many questions each paper on record contributed. A short bar usually means a partly recovered paper rather than a shorter exam \\u2014 worth knowing before you read too much into that year\\u2019s pattern.<\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">'+d.years.length+' cycles \\u00b7 '+d.total+' questions<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"cyc\">'\r\n    + d.years.map(y=>{ const n=d.perYear[y];\r\n        return '<div class=\"cycbar\"><span class=\"cn\">'+n+'<\/span>'\r\n          + '<div class=\"cbar\" style=\"height:'+Math.max(n\/maxYear*140,6)+'px\"><\/div>'\r\n          + '<span class=\"cy\">'+y+'<\/span><\/div>'; }).join('')\r\n    + '<\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------- 04 what this means for you ----------\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">04<\/span>What this means for your revision<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p>The same counts, read against how you are actually performing.<\/p><\/div><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"examReco\"><\/div><\/section>';\r\n\r\n  \/\/ recommendations tie the counts back to the learner's own record\r\n  const perf = chapterRows();\r\n  const out=[];\r\n  d.rows.slice(0,3).forEach(r=>{\r\n    const p = perf.find(x=>x.chapter===r.chapter);\r\n    const acc = p && p.acc!==null ? Math.round(p.acc*100) : null;\r\n    out.push({ic: acc===null?'warm':acc<60?'hot':'good', icon: acc===null?'\\ud83e\\udded':acc<60?'\\ud83d\\udd25':'\\u2705',\r\n      txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b> has produced <b>'+r.total+' questions<\/b> across '\r\n        + Object.values(r.byYear).filter(Boolean).length+' of '+d.years.length+' papers'\r\n        + (acc===null ? ' and you have not attempted it yet.' : ' and you are at <b>'+acc+'%<\/b> on it.'),\r\n      ch:r.chapter});\r\n  });\r\n  const recent = d.years.slice(-3);\r\n  const rising = d.rows.map(r=>{\r\n    const late = recent.reduce((a,y)=>a+(r.byYear[y]||0),0);\r\n    const early = d.years.slice(0,-3).reduce((a,y)=>a+(r.byYear[y]||0),0);\r\n    return {r, late, early, rate: late\/Math.max(recent.length,1)};\r\n  }).filter(x=>x.late>=2 && x.rate > (x.early\/Math.max(d.years.length-3,1))*1.5)\r\n    .sort((a,b)=>b.late-a.late)[0];\r\n  if(rising) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\\ud83d\\udcc8',\r\n    txt:'<b>'+chBrief(rising.r.chapter)+'<\/b> has been asked <b>'+rising.late+' times in the last '+recent.length\r\n      + ' papers<\/b>, well above its own earlier rate. Recent papers are the better guide to the next one.',ch:rising.r.chapter});\r\n  const silent = CHAPTERS.filter(c=>inChB(c,'pyq').length===0 && inChB(c,'concept').length>0);\r\n  if(silent.length) out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\\ud83d\\udd07',\r\n    txt:'<b>'+silent.length+' chapter'+(silent.length===1?' has':'s have')+' never been asked<\/b> in the papers on record \\u2014 '\r\n      + silent.slice(0,3).map(chBrief).join(', ')+(silent.length>3?' and others':'')\r\n      + '. They still carry concept MCQs, so decide deliberately how much time they deserve.'});\r\n  $('examReco').innerHTML = out.map(r=>\r\n    '<div class=\"reco\"><span class=\"ic '+r.ic+'\">'+r.icon+'<\/span><p>'+r.txt+'<\/p>'\r\n    + (r.ch?'<button class=\"go\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.ch)+'\" data-bank=\"pyq\">Drill PYQs \\u2192<\/button>':'')+'<\/div>').join('');\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   16. ANSWERING\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction check(){\r\n  const p=pool(), q=p[S.i]; if(!q) return;\r\n  if(S.pick==null){ S.nudge=true; render(); return; }\r\n  const u=uid(q), ok = S.pick===q.correct;\r\n  S.ans[u]=S.pick; S.pick=null; S.nudge=false;\r\n  const s=stat(u);\r\n  ok ? s.correct++ : s.incorrect++;\r\n  s.last=Date.now(); s.lastOk=ok;\r\n  P.log.push({u, ok, ts:Date.now()});\r\n  P.lastUid=u;\r\n  refreshWeak(); save(); render();\r\n  const res=$('result'); if(res && res.scrollIntoView) try{ res.scrollIntoView({block:'nearest',behavior:'smooth'}); }catch(e){}\r\n}\r\nfunction wipe(){\r\n  if(!confirm('Permanently erase ALL lifetime performance for this subject?\\n\\nMastery, weak areas, flags, accuracy history, the built session and the readiness score all go. This cannot be undone.')) return;\r\n  P = blank(); flags.clear(); weak.clear(); S.ans={};\r\n  save(); setFilter('all'); renderPerf(); hdr();\r\n  toast('Lifetime performance erased', true);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   18. EVENTS\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction setTab(t){\r\n  S.tab=t;\r\n  document.querySelectorAll('#cdRoot .tab').forEach(b=>b.setAttribute('aria-selected', b.dataset.tab===t));\r\n  $('viewQuiz').classList.toggle('hide', t!=='quiz');\r\n  $('viewPerf').classList.toggle('hide', t!=='perf');\r\n  $('viewExam').classList.toggle('hide', t!=='exam');\r\n  $('cdFilters').classList.toggle('hide', t!=='quiz');\r\n  if(t==='perf') renderPerf();\r\n  if(t==='exam') renderExam();\r\n}\r\nfunction setFilter(f, ch){\r\n  S.filter=f; S.i=0; S.pick=null;\r\n  if(ch) S.chapter=ch;\r\n  document.querySelectorAll('#cdRoot .pill-f').forEach(b=>b.setAttribute('aria-pressed', b.dataset.f===f));\r\n  render();\r\n}\r\ndocument.querySelectorAll('#cdRoot .tab').forEach(b=>b.onclick=()=>setTab(b.dataset.tab));\r\ndocument.querySelectorAll('#cdRoot .pill-f').forEach(b=>b.onclick=()=>setFilter(b.dataset.f));\r\n$('chapList').addEventListener('click', e=>{\r\n  const chip=e.target.closest('.chapchip'); if(!chip) return;\r\n  S.chapter = decodeURIComponent(chip.dataset.ch);\r\n  S.i=0; S.pick=null; render();\r\n});\r\n$('btnCheck').onclick = check;\r\n$('btnNext').onclick  = ()=>{ S.i++; S.pick=null; render(); };\r\n$('btnPrev').onclick  = ()=>{ S.i--; S.pick=null; render(); };\r\n$('btnFlag').onclick  = ()=>{\r\n  const p=pool(), q=p[S.i]; if(!q) return;\r\n  const u=uid(q);\r\n  flags.has(u) ? flags.delete(u) : flags.add(u);\r\n  P.flags=[...flags]; save(); render();\r\n};\r\n$('navToggle').onclick = ()=>{ navOpen=!navOpen; renderNav(pool()); };\r\nlet tmr;\r\n$('cdSearch').addEventListener('input', e=>{\r\n  clearTimeout(tmr);\r\n  tmr=setTimeout(()=>{ S.query=e.target.value.trim(); S.i=0; S.pick=null; render(); },220);\r\n});\r\n$('tglUn').onclick = e=>{\r\n  S.unattempted=!S.unattempted;\r\n  e.currentTarget.setAttribute('aria-pressed',S.unattempted);\r\n  e.currentTarget.firstChild.textContent = S.unattempted?'\u2611 ':'\u25fb ';\r\n  S.i=0; S.pick=null; render();\r\n};\r\n$('tglReset').onclick = ()=>{\r\n  if(!Object.keys(S.ans).length) return;\r\n  if(!confirm('Reset this sitting? Only the answers on screen are cleared \u2014 your lifetime performance and mastery are kept.')) return;\r\n  S.ans={}; S.i=0; S.pick=null; render();\r\n  toast('Session reset \u2014 performance data kept', true);\r\n};\r\n\r\n\/* performance-tab jumps + AI chips, delegated *\/\r\ndocument.addEventListener('click', e=>{\r\n  if(!e.target.closest('#cdRoot')) return;\r\n  const goch=e.target.closest('[data-goch]');\r\n  if(goch){\r\n    S.bank = goch.dataset.bank || 'all';\r\n    setTab('quiz'); setFilter('chapter', decodeURIComponent(goch.dataset.goch));\r\n    toast('Filtered to '+chShort(S.chapter)+(S.bank==='pyq'?' \u2014 PYQs':S.bank==='concept'?' \u2014 concept MCQs':''), true);\r\n    return;\r\n  }\r\n  const bseg=e.target.closest('.bankseg button');\r\n  if(bseg){ S.bank=bseg.dataset.bank; S.i=0; S.pick=null; render(); return; }\r\n  if(e.target.closest('[data-goweak]')){ setTab('quiz'); setFilter('weak'); return; }\r\n  if(e.target.closest('[data-goflag]')){ setTab('quiz'); setFilter('flagged'); return; }\r\n  const gu=e.target.closest('[data-gouid]');\r\n  if(gu){\r\n    const u=decodeURIComponent(gu.dataset.gouid);\r\n    setTab('quiz'); setFilter('all');\r\n    const idx=pool().findIndex(q=>uid(q)===u);\r\n    if(idx>=0){ S.i=idx; render(); }\r\n    return;\r\n  }\r\n});\r\n\/* keyboard, scoped to the widget *\/\r\ndocument.addEventListener('keydown', e=>{\r\n  if(S.tab!=='quiz') return;\r\n  const t=e.target;\r\n  if(t && (\/^(INPUT|TEXTAREA|SELECT)$\/.test(t.tagName) || t.isContentEditable)) return;\r\n  if(e.ctrlKey||e.metaKey||e.altKey) return;\r\n  const p=pool(); if(!p.length) return;\r\n  const q=p[S.i];\r\n  if(\/^[1-9]$\/.test(e.key)){\r\n    const k=+e.key-1;\r\n    if(q && S.ans[uid(q)]==null && k<q.options.length){ e.preventDefault(); S.pick=k; S.nudge=false; render(); }\r\n    return;\r\n  }\r\n  const low=e.key.toLowerCase();\r\n  if(\/^[a-f]$\/.test(low)){\r\n    const k=low.charCodeAt(0)-97;\r\n    if(q && S.ans[uid(q)]==null && k<q.options.length){ e.preventDefault(); S.pick=k; S.nudge=false; render(); }\r\n    return;\r\n  }\r\n  if(e.key==='Enter'){ e.preventDefault();\r\n    if(q && S.ans[uid(q)]==null) check();\r\n    else if(S.i<p.length-1){ S.i++; S.pick=null; render(); }\r\n    return; }\r\n  if(e.key==='ArrowRight'){ e.preventDefault(); S.i++; S.pick=null; render(); return; }\r\n  if(e.key==='ArrowLeft'){ e.preventDefault(); S.i--; S.pick=null; render(); return; }\r\n  if(low==='f'){ e.preventDefault(); $('btnFlag').click(); }\r\n});\r\nwindow.addEventListener('beforeunload', save);\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   19. BOOT\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\n$('cdEyebrow').textContent = 'CSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com' + (CFG.eyebrow ? '  \u00b7  '+CFG.eyebrow : '');\r\n$('cdTopic').textContent   = CFG.topic;\r\n$('cdSub').textContent     = CFG.sub;\r\n$('wHead').textContent     = T.onScreen;\r\n$('wUnit').textContent     = WT ? 'importance' : 'of this bank';\r\n$('chapHint').textContent  = WT ? '\u2014 gold pill shows the importance you set' : '';\r\nif(PYQ.length) $('tabExam').classList.remove('hide');\r\nif(SRC_ON){\r\n  $('srcCard').classList.remove('hide');\r\n  $('srcLink').href = CFG.sourceUrl;\r\n}\r\nif(WT) console.info('[weight] counted from '+W.totalPyq+' previous year questions across '+CHAPTERS.length+' chapters.');\r\nelse   console.info('[weight] no PYQs loaded \u2014 chapters are ranked by their share of the concept bank, and nothing is called exam weight.');\r\nif(W.untested.length) console.info('[weight] no PYQs recorded for: '+W.untested.join(' | '));\r\nsetTab('quiz');\r\ntry{ render(); }catch(err){ console.error('render failed', err); }\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   20. CONTENT PROTECTION\r\n   Honest about what this can and cannot do.\r\n\r\n   REALLY BLOCKED\r\n     copy, cut, right-click, drag-out, text selection, Ctrl\/Cmd+C, X, S,\r\n     P, U, and printing or \"Save as PDF\" from the browser.\r\n\r\n   DETERRED, NOT BLOCKED\r\n     screenshots. No web page can stop the operating system taking one \u2014\r\n     Print Screen, Snipping Tool, macOS Shift-Cmd-4 and every phone all\r\n     work below the browser. What is done instead: the questions blur the\r\n     moment this window stops being the front window, which defeats the\r\n     common \"screenshot with another app\" and casual screen-share cases,\r\n     and Print Screen is caught where the browser reports it and the\r\n     clipboard is overwritten.\r\n\r\n   NOT BLOCKED AT ALL\r\n     View Source, Save Page, DevTools, or Reader Mode. Every question is\r\n     in the page HTML because that is how the widget runs. Anyone willing\r\n     to open the source can read the bank. 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