{"id":15698,"date":"2026-08-21T11:55:45","date_gmt":"2026-08-21T11:55:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/?page_id=15698"},"modified":"2026-08-21T11:59:02","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T11:59:02","slug":"previous-year-questions-pyqs-ccs-leave-ltc-rules","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/?page_id=15698","title":{"rendered":"Previous Year Questions (PYQs) -CCS (Leave\/LTC) Rules"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"15698\" class=\"elementor elementor-15698\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfc69aa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cfc69aa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c539ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"1c539ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!--\r\n=====================================================================\r\nCSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com\r\nPYQ TEST SERIES  \u2014  previous year questions only\r\n=====================================================================\r\n\r\nWHAT THIS IS\r\n  One bank: every previous year question you have, each tagged with the\r\n  year it was asked. Three tabs:\r\n     PRACTICE         drill by chapter, by exam cycle, or by weakness\r\n     MY PERFORMANCE   readiness, chapter table, score per exam cycle\r\n     EXAM ANALYTICS   what the paper has actually asked, year by year\r\n\r\n  Exam weight is COUNTED, never declared: a chapter holding 44 of 181\r\n  previous year questions is 24% of the paper, and the page shows the\r\n  count behind the figure. Add a year of papers and every weight,\r\n  priority and plan re-computes on its own.\r\n\r\n  Because every question here is a real one, \"Sit a full paper\" is a\r\n  proper option: pick an exam cycle and you get that paper, in order.\r\n\r\nSETTING UP A NEW SUBJECT \u2014 three edits, all at the top of the script\r\n  1. CFG.quizId   unique per page. Progress is stored under this key, so\r\n                  two subjects on the same site never mix. Change it.\r\n     CFG.topic    subject name for the header.\r\n     CFG.sourceUrl  page on your site carrying the full text; shown as a\r\n                  \"Read the source\" card. Blank switches it off.\r\n  2. pyqQuestions  your bank:\r\n        { id, year, chapter, question, options[], correct, explanation }\r\n     'year' may be a number (2024) or a cycle label ('2009-11', '2021-22').\r\n     Cycles are ordered by the first four-digit number they contain.\r\n  3. Chapter strings need not be spelt identically everywhere \u2014 matching\r\n     is loose (Ch \/ Chapter \/ CH-2 all read alike) \u2014 but the chapter\r\n     NUMBER has to agree.\r\n\r\nSTEM LAYOUT \u2014 nothing to mark up\r\n  Plain stems, numbered statement stems and List-I \/ List-II stems are\r\n  each laid out automatically. Match-the-following is understood whether\r\n  the items sit on their own lines, or run together separated by\r\n  semicolons or commas.\r\n\r\nRESETS\r\n  \"Reset session\"        clears only this sitting's answers.\r\n  \"Reset my performance\" wipes lifetime mastery, weak areas and flags.\r\n\r\n=====================================================================\r\n-->\r\n\r\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\r\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover\">\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\r\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Plus+Jakarta+Sans:wght@400;500;600;700;800&family=Newsreader:opsz,wght@6..72,400;6..72,500;6..72,600&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n.cdrill{\r\n  --blue-900:#12246E; --blue-800:#1B3FCB; --blue-700:#2757E8; --blue-100:#EAF0FF; --blue-50:#F5F8FF;\r\n  --gold:#E8A317; --gold-lt:#F5C55B; --gold-bg:#FFF7E4;\r\n  --ink:#0F172A; --slate:#5B6B85; --line:#DFE6F3; --paper:#FFFFFF; --wash:#F4F7FD;\r\n  --ok:#0B8457; --ok-bg:#E7F7F0; --bad:#D3313E; --bad-bg:#FDEDEE; --warn:#C2620E;\r\n  --r:14px; --shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(16,32,74,.06),0 8px 24px -12px rgba(16,32,74,.18);\r\n  \/* \u2193 paste the same value your other pages use for --serif *\/\r\n  --serif:'Newsreader',Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;\r\n  font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',system-ui,sans-serif; font-size:15px; line-height:1.55;\r\n  color:var(--ink); background:var(--wash); -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;\r\n  border-radius:var(--r); overflow:hidden; box-shadow:var(--shadow);\r\n}\r\n.cdrill *{box-sizing:border-box}\r\n.cdrill button{font:inherit;cursor:pointer;border:0;background:none;color:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;\r\n  min-width:0;min-height:0;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none;\r\n  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18px;\r\n  background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--blue-50),#EDF3FF);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}\r\n.cdrill .chapcard{border-radius:var(--r)}\r\n.cdrill .chaplist{border-radius:0 0 var(--r) var(--r);overflow:hidden}\r\n.cdrill .chaphead b{font-size:13.5px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-800);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}\r\n.cdrill .chaphead i{font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600}\r\n.cdrill .chaphead .meta{margin-left:auto;font-size:12px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:700;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .yearlist{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:9px;padding:16px 18px}\r\n.cdrill .ychip{display:inline-flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:2px;min-width:88px;\r\n  padding:11px 16px;border:1.5px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;background:var(--paper);transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .ychip:hover{border-color:#9DB6EE;background:#FAFCFF;transform:translateY(-1px)}\r\n.cdrill .ychip 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.13s;width:100%}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip:hover{background:var(--blue-50)}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip .no{font-size:11px;font-weight:800;color:var(--slate);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip .cn{font-size:12.6px;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:-.005em;\r\n  overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;text-transform:none}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip .cw{flex:none;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:800;background:var(--gold-bg);color:#8A6206;\r\n  border:1px solid #F2DFAE;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:99px;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip .cc{flex:none;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:800;min-width:28px;padding:3px 7px;border-radius:6px;\r\n  text-align:center;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip .cc.yrs{background:#F4F7FD;color:var(--slate);font-weight:700}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip .cc.con{background:var(--blue-100);color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .chapchip[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--blue-50);box-shadow:inset 3px 0 0 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.lists{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:22px}}\r\n.cdrill .lcol h5{margin:0 0 10px;padding:0 0 9px;border-bottom:1px solid #DCD3BE;font-size:12px;font-weight:800;color:var(--ink)}\r\n.cdrill .lcol ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:grid;gap:12px}\r\n.cdrill .lcol li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:28px 1fr;align-items:baseline;\r\n  font-family:var(--serif) !important;font-size:17.5px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6;color:#161b26}\r\n.cdrill .lcol li b{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:600;font-size:17.3px;color:#8A6206}\r\n\r\n\/* options as bordered cards, matching the other pages *\/\r\n.cdrill .opts{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:9px}\r\n.cdrill .opt{font-family:var(--serif) !important;padding:12px 16px;border:1.5px solid var(--line);\r\n  border-radius:12px;cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:12px;transition:all .25s;\r\n  background:#fff;text-align:left;width:100%;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}\r\n.cdrill .opt .txt{font-family:var(--serif) !important;font-size:18.5px !important;line-height:1.6;\r\n  color:#161b26;flex:1;min-width:0}\r\n.cdrill .opt:hover:not(:disabled){border-color:#5F86F0;background:#F6F9FF;transform:translateX(4px)}\r\n.cdrill .opt:disabled{cursor:default;opacity:1;transform:none}\r\n.cdrill .key{min-width:34px;font-family:var(--serif) !important;font-weight:600;font-size:17.3px !important;\r\n  color:#161b26;flex-shrink:0;line-height:1.6}\r\n.cdrill .opt.sel{border-color:var(--blue-700);background:#EFF5FF;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--blue-700)}\r\n.cdrill .opt.sel::after{content:\"Selected\";font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',sans-serif;font-weight:800;\r\n  font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-800);align-self:center;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .opt.right{border-color:var(--ok);background:#F0FDF6;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--ok)}\r\n.cdrill .opt.right .key{color:#086945}\r\n.cdrill .opt.wrong{border-color:var(--bad);background:#FEF4F4;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--bad)}\r\n.cdrill .opt.wrong .key{color:#A81F2B}\r\n.cdrill .mark{margin-left:auto;font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:10.5px;\r\n  letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;white-space:nowrap;align-self:center}\r\n.cdrill .mark.r{color:var(--ok)} .cdrill .mark.w{color:var(--bad)}\r\n@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.cdrill .opt:hover:not(:disabled){transform:none}}\r\n.cdrill .hint{margin:12px 0 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:600;color:#8A6206;background:var(--gold-bg);\r\n  border:1px solid #F2DFAE;border-radius:10px;padding:10px 14px}\r\n.cdrill .actions{display:flex;gap:9px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:18px;align-items:center}\r\n.cdrill .btn{padding:11px 20px;border-radius:11px;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .btn:hover{background:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .btn:disabled{opacity:.4;cursor:not-allowed}\r\n.cdrill .btn.ghost{background:var(--paper);border:1.5px solid var(--line);color:var(--ink)}\r\n.cdrill .btn.ghost:hover{border-color:var(--blue-700);color:var(--blue-800);background:var(--blue-50)}\r\n.cdrill .flagbtn{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;padding:11px 18px;border-radius:11px;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;\r\n  border:1.5px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);color:var(--slate);margin-left:auto;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .flagbtn:hover{border-color:var(--gold);color:#8A6206;background:var(--gold-bg)}\r\n.cdrill .flagbtn[aria-pressed=true]{border-color:var(--gold);background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold));color:#3A2A02}\r\n.cdrill .kbd{display:inline-block;font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,monospace;font-size:10.5px;padding:3px 6px;background:#fff;\r\n  border:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom-width:2px;border-radius:4px;font-weight:700}\r\n.cdrill .keys{margin-top:14px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px dashed var(--line);font-size:11.5px;color:var(--slate);\r\n  display:flex;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-weight:600}\r\n@media(max-width:700px){.cdrill .keys{display:none}}\r\n\r\n.cdrill .verdict{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;font-weight:800;font-size:14px;margin:20px 0 0}\r\n.cdrill .verdict.r{color:var(--ok)} .cdrill .verdict.w{color:var(--bad)}\r\n.cdrill .expl{margin-top:12px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--gold);border-radius:0 12px 12px 0;\r\n  background:#FCFDFF;padding:16px 18px;font-size:14.2px;line-height:1.68}\r\n.cdrill .expl .body{font-family:'Newsreader',Georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7}\r\n.cdrill .expl b{color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .expl-h{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800;margin-bottom:8px}\r\n\r\n  font-weight:600;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-800);transition:.14s}\r\n.cdrill .chip:hover:not(:disabled){background:var(--blue-700);border-color:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .ai-out{margin-top:12px;background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;padding:14px 16px;\r\n  font-size:14px;line-height:1.65}\r\n.cdrill .ai-out b{color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .offline{margin-top:12px;padding-top:10px;border-top:1px dashed #CBD8F6;font-size:11.5px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.5}\r\n.cdrill .dots span{display:inline-block;width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--blue-700);margin-right:4px;animation:cdb 1.1s infinite}\r\n.cdrill .dots span:nth-child(2){animation-delay:.16s} .cdrill .dots span:nth-child(3){animation-delay:.32s}\r\n@keyframes cdb{0%,80%{opacity:.25;transform:translateY(0)}40%{opacity:1;transform:translateY(-3px)}}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- rail ---------- *\/\r\n.cdrill .rail{display:grid;gap:16px;align-content:start}\r\n.cdrill .rail .card{padding:16px}\r\n.cdrill .rail h3{margin:0;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800}\r\n.cdrill .score{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:8px;margin:10px 0 4px}\r\n.cdrill .score b{font-size:32px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.03em}\r\n.cdrill .score i{font-style:normal;color:var(--slate);font-size:13px;font-weight:600}\r\n.cdrill .bar{height:7px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--wash);overflow:hidden;margin-top:10px}\r\n.cdrill .bar>i{display:block;height:100%;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--ok),#37B37E);border-radius:99px;transition:width .4s}\r\n.cdrill .mini{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--slate);margin-top:8px;font-weight:600}\r\n.cdrill .streak{display:flex;gap:4px;margin-top:12px}\r\n.cdrill .streak i{flex:1;height:26px;border-radius:5px;background:var(--wash);border:1px solid var(--line)}\r\n.cdrill .streak i.r{background:var(--ok-bg);border-color:#A9DEC6}\r\n.cdrill .streak i.w{background:var(--bad-bg);border-color:#F3C2C6}\r\n.cdrill .nav-head{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;padding:13px 16px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);flex-wrap:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .nav-head b{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800}\r\n.cdrill .navtoggle{flex:none;white-space:nowrap;min-width:56px;text-align:center;\r\n  font-size:12px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-800);padding:5px 12px;border-radius:7px;\r\n  border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);letter-spacing:.02em;transition:.14s}\r\n.cdrill .nav-head b{min-width:0;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .navtoggle:hover{border-color:var(--blue-700);background:var(--blue-50)}\r\n.cdrill .navgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr));gap:6px;\r\n  padding:14px 16px 12px;max-height:238px;overflow-y:auto;overflow-x:hidden}\r\n.cdrill .navgrid::-webkit-scrollbar{width:6px}\r\n.cdrill .navgrid::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:#CBD5E1;border-radius:99px}\r\n.cdrill .navgrid::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background:transparent}\r\n.cdrill .nq{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;min-width:0;height:34px;padding:0;margin:0;\r\n  border-radius:8px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);\r\n  font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',system-ui,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:11.5px;line-height:1;\r\n  color:var(--slate);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:visible;\r\n  transition:background .12s,border-color .12s,color .12s;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;letter-spacing:-.02em}\r\n.cdrill .nq:hover{border-color:var(--blue-700);color:var(--blue-800);background:var(--blue-50)}\r\n@media(max-width:960px){.cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(10,minmax(0,1fr))}}\r\n@media(max-width:520px){.cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(7,minmax(0,1fr))}}\r\n.cdrill .nq.r{background:var(--ok-bg);border-color:#8FD3B6;color:#086945}\r\n.cdrill .nq.w{background:var(--bad-bg);border-color:#F0AEB4;color:#A81F2B}\r\n.cdrill .nq.cur{border-color:var(--blue-700);background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .nq .fl{position:absolute;top:-5px;right:-4px;font-size:9.5px;line-height:1;\r\n  filter:drop-shadow(0 0 2px #fff)}\r\n.cdrill .nq.mastered::after{content:\"\";position:absolute;bottom:3px;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);\r\n  width:4px;height:4px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--ok)}\r\n.cdrill .legend{display:flex;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:10.5px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600;\r\n  padding:10px 16px 14px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:4px}\r\n.cdrill .legend i{display:inline-block;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:3px;margin-right:5px;vertical-align:-1px}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- performance ---------- *\/\r\n.cdrill .perf{padding:24px 24px 32px;display:grid;gap:34px}\r\n.cdrill .ph{margin:0 0 10px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800}\r\n.cdrill .ph .secno{color:var(--gold);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:0}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- performance blocks ---------- *\/\r\n.cdrill .pblock{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:16px;background:var(--paper);overflow:hidden}\r\n.cdrill .pbh{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:16px;padding:20px 24px 18px;\r\n  background:linear-gradient(180deg,#FBFCFF,#F6F9FF);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}\r\n.cdrill .pbh .txt{flex:1;min-width:0}\r\n.cdrill .pbh h4{font-size:17px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.015em;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 7px;\r\n  display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px}\r\n.cdrill .pbh h4 .dot{width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--gold);flex:none}\r\n.cdrill .pbh p{font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.6;margin:0}\r\n.cdrill .pbh .pbtag{flex:none;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.07em;text-transform:uppercase;\r\n  color:var(--blue-800);background:var(--blue-100);border-radius:99px;padding:6px 13px;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .bars{padding:8px 24px 18px}\r\n.cdrill .subhead{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:18px 24px 2px;\r\n  border-top:1px solid #EEF2F9;margin-top:6px}\r\n.cdrill .subhead:first-of-type{border-top:0;margin-top:0}\r\n.cdrill .subhead h5{font-size:12.5px;font-weight:800;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:.01em;margin:0}\r\n.cdrill .subhead span{font-size:11.8px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600}\r\n.cdrill .hero2{display:grid;grid-template-columns:260px 1fr;gap:18px}\r\n@media(max-width:860px){.cdrill .hero2{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\r\n.cdrill .ring-card{background:linear-gradient(150deg,var(--blue-900),var(--blue-800) 70%,var(--blue-700));border-radius:var(--r);\r\n  padding:24px 20px;color:#fff;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\r\n.cdrill .ring{position:relative;width:150px;height:150px}\r\n.cdrill .ring svg{transform:rotate(-90deg)}\r\n.cdrill .ring .bg{fill:none;stroke:rgba(255,255,255,.14);stroke-width:11}\r\n.cdrill .ring .fg{fill:none;stroke:var(--gold-lt);stroke-width:11;stroke-linecap:round;transition:stroke-dashoffset 1s ease}\r\n.cdrill .ring-txt{position:absolute;inset:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\r\n.cdrill .ring-txt b{font-size:40px;font-weight:800;color:var(--gold-lt);letter-spacing:-.03em;line-height:1}\r\n.cdrill .ring-txt span{font-size:9.5px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#BFDBFE;margin-top:5px;font-weight:700}\r\n.cdrill .verdict2{margin-top:14px;font-size:13.4px;color:#DBEAFE;line-height:1.55}\r\n.cdrill .verdict2 b{color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .coach{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r);padding:18px 20px;background:var(--paper)}\r\n.cdrill .coach h4{font-size:14.5px;font-weight:800;margin-bottom:12px;display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center}\r\n.cdrill .reco{display:flex;gap:12px;padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line);align-items:flex-start}\r\n.cdrill .reco:last-child{border-bottom:0}\r\n.cdrill .reco .ic{width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:8px;display:grid;place-items:center;font-size:13px;flex:none;margin-top:1px}\r\n.cdrill .reco .ic.hot{background:var(--bad-bg);color:var(--bad)}\r\n.cdrill .reco .ic.warm{background:var(--gold-bg);color:#8A6206}\r\n.cdrill .reco .ic.cool{background:var(--blue-100);color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .reco .ic.good{background:var(--ok-bg);color:var(--ok)}\r\n.cdrill .reco p{font-size:13.8px;line-height:1.55}\r\n.cdrill .reco .go{margin-left:auto;flex:none;background:var(--blue-50);color:var(--blue-800);border:1px solid #D4E2FB;\r\n  border-radius:8px;padding:6px 12px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:800;white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .reco .go:hover{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .planner{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFFDF6,#FFF8E8);border:1px solid #EADFC2;border-left:4px solid var(--gold);\r\n  border-radius:0 var(--r) var(--r) 0;padding:18px 20px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n.cdrill .planner h4{font-size:17px;font-weight:800;margin-bottom:5px;letter-spacing:-.01em;\r\n  display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px}\r\n.cdrill .planner p{font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.55;max-width:62ch}\r\n.cdrill .pbtns{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n.cdrill .pbtn{padding:11px 18px;border:1.5px solid var(--gold);border-radius:11px;background:#fff;color:#8A6206;\r\n  font-weight:800;font-size:13.5px;display:flex;gap:7px;align-items:center;white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .pbtn:hover{background:var(--gold-bg)}\r\n.cdrill .pbtn.primary{background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold));color:#3A2A02;border-color:var(--gold)}\r\n.cdrill .pbtn.navy{background:var(--blue-900);border-color:var(--blue-900);color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .pbtn.navy:hover{background:var(--blue-800);border-color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .kpis{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(150px,1fr));gap:12px}\r\n.cdrill .kpi{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:15px;background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff,var(--blue-50))}\r\n.cdrill .kpi b{display:block;font-size:26px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.03em}\r\n.cdrill .kpi span{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.06em}\r\n.cdrill .tblwrap{overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;background:#fff}\r\n\/* nested two-tier header, PYQ and concept side by side *\/\r\n.cdrill table.nested{min-width:880px}\r\n.cdrill table.nested thead th{background:var(--blue-700);border-bottom:0;padding:11px 10px;\r\n  font-size:10.6px;letter-spacing:.06em;vertical-align:middle}\r\n.cdrill table.nested thead th.grp{background:var(--blue-900);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);\r\n  border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);font-size:11.4px;letter-spacing:.04em}\r\n.cdrill table.nested thead th.sub2{background:#2F62EA;font-size:10.2px;font-weight:600;padding:8px 10px}\r\n.cdrill table.nested thead th.lft{text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\r\n.cdrill table.nested td{padding:12px 10px;font-size:12.6px}\r\n.cdrill table.nested td.lft{text-align:left;padding-left:14px;font-weight:700;max-width:270px;\r\n  line-height:1.4;background:#FBFCFE;font-size:12.8px}\r\n.cdrill .wt{font-size:15px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-900)}\r\n.cdrill .wsub{font-size:10.6px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:700;margin-left:5px}\r\n.cdrill .nil{color:#B6C2D6;font-weight:700}\r\n.cdrill .minibar{height:6px;width:62px;margin:0 auto 4px;border-radius:99px;background:#EEF2F9;overflow:hidden}\r\n.cdrill .minibar>i{display:block;height:100%;border-radius:99px}\r\n.cdrill .miniv{font-size:11.4px;font-weight:800}\r\n.cdrill td.prac{white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill td.prac .mini-go+.mini-go{margin-left:5px}\r\n.cdrill .mini-go.pyq{color:#fff;background:var(--blue-900);border-color:var(--blue-900)}\r\n.cdrill .mini-go.pyq:hover{background:var(--blue-800);border-color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n\/* numbered section headings *\/\r\n.cdrill .pbh h4 .secno{font-size:15px;font-weight:800;color:var(--gold);letter-spacing:0;\r\n  font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;margin-right:2px}\r\n.cdrill .pbh .sechint{flex:none;font-family:'Newsreader',Georgia,serif;font-style:italic;font-size:12.8px;\r\n  color:var(--slate);white-space:nowrap;align-self:center}\r\n@media(max-width:760px){.cdrill .pbh .sechint{display:none}}\r\n.cdrill table.perf-t{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:13px;min-width:760px}\r\n.cdrill table.perf-t th,.cdrill table.perf-t td{padding:10px;border-bottom:1px solid #EEF2F9;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}\r\n.cdrill table.perf-t thead th{background:var(--blue-900);color:#fff;font-weight:700;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase}\r\n.cdrill table.perf-t th:first-child,.cdrill table.perf-t td:first-child{text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\r\n.cdrill table.perf-t td:first-child{font-weight:700;max-width:280px;line-height:1.35;background:#FBFCFE}\r\n.cdrill .sub{display:block;font-size:10.6px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600;margin-top:3px}\r\n.cdrill .tbar{height:6px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--wash);overflow:hidden;min-width:80px}\r\n.cdrill .tbar>i{display:block;height:100%;border-radius:99px}\r\n.cdrill .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10.4px;font-weight:800;padding:3px 9px;border-radius:99px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.04em}\r\n.cdrill .tag.hot{background:var(--bad-bg);color:var(--bad)}\r\n.cdrill .tag.warm{background:var(--gold-bg);color:#8A6206}\r\n.cdrill .tag.ok{background:var(--blue-100);color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .tag.good{background:var(--ok-bg);color:var(--ok)}\r\n.cdrill .tag.na{background:#F1F5F9;color:var(--slate)}\r\n.cdrill .mini-go{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;padding:5px 10px;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-800);transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .mini-go:hover{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff;border-color:var(--blue-700)}\r\n.cdrill .lrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(150px,1.2fr) 2.4fr 96px;gap:18px;align-items:center;\r\n  padding:12px 10px;border-radius:9px;transition:background .13s;margin:0 -10px}\r\n.cdrill .lrow:hover{background:#FAFCFF}\r\n.cdrill .lrow+.lrow{border-top:1px solid #F1F5FB}\r\n@media(max-width:620px){.cdrill .lrow{grid-template-columns:1fr auto;row-gap:6px}.cdrill .lrow .ltrack{grid-column:1\/-1}}\r\n.cdrill .lname{font-size:13.4px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.35}\r\n.cdrill .lsub{display:block;font-size:10.8px;font-weight:600;color:var(--slate);margin-top:4px}\r\n.cdrill .ltrack{background:#EEF2F9;border-radius:99px;height:11px;overflow:hidden;\r\n  box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(16,32,74,.05)}\r\n.cdrill .lfill{height:100%;border-radius:99px;transition:width .8s cubic-bezier(.22,.9,.28,1)}\r\n.cdrill .lval{text-align:right;font-size:16px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.02em}\r\n.cdrill .lval small{display:block;font-size:10px;font-weight:700;color:var(--slate);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.05em;margin-top:2px}\r\n.cdrill .split{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:16px}\r\n@media(max-width:860px){.cdrill .split{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\r\n.cdrill .panel{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:16px 18px}\r\n.cdrill .rev{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;width:100%;text-align:left;background:#FAFBFE;border-left:3px solid var(--gold);\r\n  border-radius:8px;padding:10px 12px;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:12.6px;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .rev:hover{background:var(--gold-bg);transform:translateX(3px)}\r\n.cdrill .rev .n{font-weight:800;color:#8A6206;flex:none}\r\n.cdrill .rev .t{flex:1;color:var(--slate);white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}\r\n.cdrill .rev .d{background:var(--gold);color:#3A2A02;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:99px;font-size:10.2px;font-weight:800;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .danger{border:1px dashed #F3C2C6;border-radius:12px;background:#FFFAFA;padding:16px 18px;\r\n  display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n.cdrill .danger p{font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);flex:1;min-width:220px;line-height:1.6}\r\n.cdrill .danger b{color:var(--bad)}\r\n.cdrill .dbtn{padding:11px 20px;background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #F3C2C6;border-radius:11px;color:var(--bad);\r\n  font-size:13px;font-weight:800;white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .dbtn:hover{background:var(--bad);border-color:var(--bad);color:#fff}\r\n\/* ---------- exam analytics ---------- *\/\r\n.cdrill .rankrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:26px minmax(120px,1.25fr) 2.2fr 42px 46px;gap:14px;\r\n  align-items:center;padding:9px 10px;margin:0 -10px;border-radius:9px;transition:background .13s}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow:hover{background:#FAFCFF}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow+.rankrow{border-top:1px dashed #EEF2F9}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rk{font-size:11.5px;font-weight:800;color:#B6C2D6;text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rname{font-size:12.4px;font-weight:600;color:var(--blue-800);line-height:1.35;\r\n  overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rname.gold{color:#8A6206;font-weight:800}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rtrack{height:15px;border-radius:5px;background:#EEF2F9;overflow:hidden}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rtrack>i{display:block;height:100%;border-radius:5px;transition:width .8s cubic-bezier(.22,.9,.28,1)}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rv{font-size:15px;font-weight:800;text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;letter-spacing:-.02em}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rp{font-size:11px;font-weight:700;color:var(--slate);text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n@media(max-width:700px){.cdrill .rankrow{grid-template-columns:22px minmax(0,1fr) 34px 42px}\r\n  .cdrill .rankrow .rtrack{grid-column:1\/-1;order:9}}\r\n\r\n.cdrill table.hm{min-width:760px;font-size:12px}\r\n.cdrill table.hm thead th{background:var(--blue-700);padding:9px 6px;font-size:10.4px}\r\n.cdrill table.hm thead th.lft{text-align:left;padding-left:14px;min-width:230px}\r\n.cdrill table.hm thead th.tot{background:var(--blue-900)}\r\n.cdrill table.hm td{padding:7px 6px;font-size:11.8px;border-bottom:1px solid #F1F5FB;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n.cdrill table.hm td.lft{text-align:left;padding-left:14px;font-weight:600;font-size:11.8px;line-height:1.35;\r\n  background:#FBFCFE;max-width:250px}\r\n.cdrill table.hm td.tot{font-weight:800;background:#F4F7FD;color:var(--blue-900)}\r\n.cdrill table.hm tfoot td{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff;font-weight:800;font-size:11.6px;padding:9px 6px;border:0}\r\n.cdrill table.hm tfoot td.lft{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff;text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\r\n.cdrill .hmlegend{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:12px 24px 16px;font-size:10.8px;\r\n  color:var(--slate);font-weight:700}\r\n.cdrill .hmlegend i{width:26px;height:11px;border-radius:3px;display:inline-block;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.05)}\r\n.cdrill .hmlegend span:last-child{margin-left:3px}\r\n\r\n.cdrill .cyc{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;gap:12px;padding:26px 24px 18px;overflow-x:auto}\r\n.cdrill .cycbar{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:7px;flex:1;min-width:52px}\r\n.cdrill .cycbar .cn{font-size:12.5px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-800);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n.cdrill .cycbar .cbar{width:100%;max-width:46px;border-radius:6px 6px 0 0;\r\n  background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold));transition:height .8s cubic-bezier(.22,.9,.28,1)}\r\n.cdrill .cycbar .cy{font-size:10.4px;font-weight:700;color:var(--slate);white-space:nowrap}\r\n\r\n.cdrill .empty{text-align:center;padding:40px 20px;color:var(--slate)}\r\n.cdrill .empty b{display:block;color:var(--ink);font-size:16px;margin-bottom:6px}\r\n.cdrill .toast{position:fixed;bottom:26px;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);background:var(--blue-900);color:#fff;\r\n  padding:12px 22px;border-radius:11px;font-weight:700;font-size:13.5px;z-index:9999;display:none;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}\r\n.cdrill .toast.show{display:block}\r\n.cdrill .toast.ok{background:var(--ok)}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- mobile ---------- *\/\r\n@media(max-width:640px){\r\n  .cdrill .wrap{padding:0 14px}\r\n\r\n  \/* hero: tighter, and the stat tiles share the row evenly *\/\r\n  .cdrill .hero{padding-top:18px}\r\n  .cdrill .hero h1{font-size:19px}\r\n  .cdrill .hero p{font-size:12.6px;margin-bottom:14px}\r\n  .cdrill .hstats{gap:7px}\r\n  .cdrill .hstat{flex:1 1 0;min-width:0;padding:8px 10px;text-align:center}\r\n  .cdrill .hstat b{font-size:17px}\r\n  .cdrill .hstat span{font-size:8.8px;letter-spacing:.06em}\r\n\r\n  \/* tabs scroll sideways instead of wrapping onto two lines *\/\r\n  .cdrill .tabs{margin-top:16px;gap:5px;flex-wrap:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;scrollbar-width:none;\r\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .cdrill .tabs::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}\r\n  .cdrill .tab{flex:none;padding:10px 15px;font-size:12.6px;gap:6px;white-space:nowrap}\r\n  .cdrill .tab[aria-selected=true]{padding-bottom:13px}\r\n\r\n  \/* THE FIX: pills were shrinking to fit instead of scrolling, which cut\r\n     every label in half. flex:none makes the row scroll as intended. *\/\r\n  .cdrill .filters .wrap{padding-top:11px;padding-bottom:11px;gap:8px;\r\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .cdrill .pill-f{flex:none;padding:8px 14px;font-size:12.6px;gap:6px}\r\n  .cdrill .pill-f .n{font-size:10.5px;padding:2px 7px}\r\n\r\n  \/* toolbar stacks *\/\r\n  .cdrill .grid{padding:14px 0 40px;gap:14px}\r\n  .cdrill .toolbar{gap:8px;padding-bottom:12px}\r\n  .cdrill .search{flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0}\r\n  .cdrill .tgl{flex:1;justify-content:center;padding:9px 12px;font-size:12.6px}\r\n\r\n  \/* question card *\/\r\n  .cdrill .qhead{padding:11px 14px;gap:8px}\r\n  .cdrill .qcount{font-size:15px;width:100%}\r\n  .cdrill .qmeta{gap:6px}\r\n  .cdrill .badge-ch{max-width:100%;font-size:11px;padding:5px 11px}\r\n  .cdrill .badge-m,.cdrill .badge-src,.cdrill .qtag{font-size:10.6px;padding:4px 10px}\r\n  .cdrill .qbody{padding:16px 14px 18px}\r\n  .cdrill .qsheet{padding:15px 15px 16px;border-radius:0 9px 9px 0}\r\n  .cdrill .stem,.cdrill .qsheet .lead,.cdrill .qsheet .intro,.cdrill .qsheet .close,\r\n  .cdrill .stmts li,.cdrill .opt .txt{font-size:16.6px !important;line-height:1.6}\r\n  .cdrill .lists{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}\r\n  .cdrill .opt{padding:11px 13px;gap:9px}\r\n  .cdrill .key{min-width:28px;font-size:16px !important}\r\n  .cdrill .opt.sel::after{display:none}\r\n  .cdrill .actions{gap:7px}\r\n  .cdrill .btn{flex:1;padding:11px 14px;font-size:13.4px;text-align:center}\r\n  .cdrill .flagbtn{margin-left:0;flex:1 1 100%;justify-content:center;padding:11px 14px}\r\n  .cdrill .expl{padding:14px 15px}\r\n  .cdrill .expl .body{font-size:15.4px}\r\n\r\n  \/* chapter list and navigator *\/\r\n  .cdrill .chaphead{padding:10px 14px;gap:8px}\r\n  .cdrill .chaphead .meta{margin-left:0;flex:1 1 100%;white-space:normal}\r\n  .cdrill .chapchip{padding:10px 14px;gap:7px}\r\n  .cdrill .chapchip .cn{font-size:12.2px}\r\n  .cdrill .yearlist{padding:14px;gap:8px}\r\n  .cdrill .ychip{flex:1 1 calc(33.333% - 6px);min-width:0;padding:10px 8px}\r\n  .cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(8,minmax(0,1fr));max-height:none}\r\n  .cdrill .rail .card{padding:14px}\r\n\r\n  \/* performance and analytics *\/\r\n  .cdrill .perf{padding:16px 14px 24px;gap:22px}\r\n  .cdrill .pbh{padding:16px 15px 14px;gap:10px}\r\n  .cdrill .pbh h4{font-size:15.4px}\r\n  .cdrill .pbh p{font-size:12.4px}\r\n  .cdrill .bars{padding:6px 15px 14px}\r\n  .cdrill .hero2{gap:14px}\r\n  .cdrill .ring-card{padding:20px 16px}\r\n  .cdrill .coach{padding:15px}\r\n  .cdrill .reco{gap:10px}\r\n  .cdrill .reco p{font-size:13px}\r\n  .cdrill .reco .go{margin-left:0;flex:1 1 100%;margin-top:6px}\r\n  .cdrill .planner{padding:15px;gap:12px}\r\n  .cdrill .pbtns{width:100%;gap:8px}\r\n  .cdrill .pbtn{flex:1 1 100%;justify-content:center;padding:12px 14px}\r\n  .cdrill .kpis{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:9px}\r\n  .cdrill .kpi{padding:12px}\r\n  .cdrill .kpi b{font-size:22px}\r\n  .cdrill .kpi span{font-size:10.4px}\r\n  .cdrill .panel{padding:14px}\r\n  .cdrill .danger{padding:14px}\r\n  .cdrill .dbtn{width:100%}\r\n  .cdrill .cyc{padding:20px 14px 14px;gap:8px}\r\n  .cdrill .cycbar{min-width:42px}\r\n  .cdrill .toast{left:14px;right:14px;transform:none;text-align:center;bottom:16px}\r\n}\r\n@media(max-width:380px){\r\n  .cdrill .hstat b{font-size:15.5px}\r\n  .cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr))}\r\n  .cdrill .ychip{flex:1 1 calc(50% - 5px)}\r\n  .cdrill .kpis{grid-template-columns:1fr}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"cdrill\" id=\"cdRoot\">\r\n\r\n  <header class=\"hero\">\r\n    <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n      <div class=\"eyebrow\" id=\"cdEyebrow\">CSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com<\/div>\r\n      <h1 id=\"cdTopic\">Chapter-wise Test Series<\/h1>\r\n      <p id=\"cdSub\">Chapter drills with a planner that builds your next sitting for you.<\/p>\r\n      <div class=\"hstats\">\r\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hQ\">0<\/b><span>PYQs<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hYr\">0<\/b><span>Exam cycles<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hCh\">0<\/b><span>Chapters<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hMastered\">0%<\/b><span>Mastered<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hReady\">\u2014<\/b><span>Readiness<\/span><\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"tabs\" role=\"tablist\">\r\n        <button class=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"quiz\">\u270f\ufe0f Practice<\/button>\r\n        <button class=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"perf\">\ud83d\udcca My Performance <span class=\"pill hide\" id=\"perfPill\">!<\/span><\/button>\r\n        <button class=\"tab hide\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"exam\" id=\"tabExam\">\ud83d\udcdc Exam Analytics<\/button>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/header>\r\n  <div class=\"goldrule\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"filters\" id=\"cdFilters\">\r\n    <div class=\"wrap\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Filter questions\">\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f\" data-f=\"all\" aria-pressed=\"true\">\ud83d\udccb All questions<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fAll\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f\" data-f=\"chapter\">\ud83d\udcda By chapter<\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f navy\" data-f=\"year\">\ud83d\udcdc Sit a full paper<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fYear\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f gold hide\" data-f=\"session\" id=\"pillSession\">\ud83e\udde9 <span id=\"sessLabel\">My session<\/span><span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fSess\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f warn\" data-f=\"weak\">\u26a0\ufe0f Weak areas<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fWeak\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f\" data-f=\"flagged\">\ud83d\udd16 Flagged<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fFlag\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n    <!-- ============ PRACTICE ============ -->\r\n    <div class=\"grid\" id=\"viewQuiz\">\r\n      <div>\r\n        <div class=\"toolbar\">\r\n          <div class=\"search\">\r\n            <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"M20 20l-3.5-3.5\"\/><\/svg>\r\n            <input id=\"cdSearch\" placeholder=\"Search a phrase or a rule number\" aria-label=\"Search questions\">\r\n          <\/div>\r\n          <button class=\"tgl\" id=\"tglUn\" aria-pressed=\"false\">\u25fb Unattempted only<\/button>\r\n          <button class=\"tgl\" id=\"tglReset\">\u21ba Reset session<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <section class=\"card chapcard hide\" id=\"chapPanel\">\r\n          <div class=\"chaphead\">\r\n            <b>\ud83d\udcda Filter by chapter<\/b><i id=\"chapHint\"><\/i>\r\n            <span class=\"meta\" id=\"ctxMeta\"><\/span>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"chaplist\" id=\"chapList\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Choose chapter\"><\/div>\r\n        <\/section>\r\n\r\n        <section class=\"card chapcard hide\" id=\"yearPanel\">\r\n          <div class=\"chaphead\">\r\n            <b>\ud83d\udcdc Sit a full paper<\/b><i>\u2014 every question from one exam cycle, in order<\/i>\r\n            <span class=\"meta\" id=\"yearMeta\"><\/span>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"yearlist\" id=\"yearList\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Choose exam cycle\"><\/div>\r\n        <\/section>\r\n\r\n        <section class=\"card hide\" id=\"emptyCard\">\r\n          <div class=\"qhead\"><span class=\"qcount\">Nothing to show<\/span><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"empty\" id=\"emptyBody\"><\/div>\r\n        <\/section>\r\n\r\n        <section class=\"card\" id=\"qCard\">\r\n          <div class=\"qhead\">\r\n            <span class=\"qcount\" id=\"qCount\">Question 1 of 1<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"qmeta\">\r\n              <span class=\"badge-src\" id=\"qSrc\">Concept<\/span>\r\n              <span class=\"badge-m\" id=\"qMastery\">Not seen yet<\/span>\r\n              <span class=\"badge-ch\"><span id=\"qChap\">Chapter<\/span><\/span>\r\n              <span id=\"qTags\" class=\"qtags\"><\/span>\r\n            <\/span>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"qbody\">\r\n            <p class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><\/p>\r\n            <div class=\"opts\" id=\"qOpts\"><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"actions\">\r\n              <button class=\"btn\" id=\"btnCheck\">Check answer<\/button>\r\n              <button class=\"btn ghost\" id=\"btnPrev\">\u2190 Previous<\/button>\r\n              <button class=\"btn ghost\" id=\"btnNext\">Next \u2192<\/button>\r\n              <button class=\"flagbtn\" id=\"btnFlag\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span id=\"flagIco\">\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f<\/span><span id=\"flagTxt\">Flag for review<\/span><\/button>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <p class=\"hint hide\" id=\"pickHint\">Choose an option above, then check your answer.<\/p>\r\n\r\n            <div id=\"result\" class=\"hide\">\r\n              <div class=\"verdict\" id=\"verdict\"><\/div>\r\n              <div class=\"expl\">\r\n                <div class=\"expl-h\">Source &amp; reasoning<\/div>\r\n                <div id=\"explBody\" class=\"body\"><\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/section>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <aside class=\"rail\">\r\n        <section class=\"card\" id=\"navCard\" style=\"padding:0\">\r\n          <div class=\"nav-head\"><b id=\"navTitle\">Navigator<\/b><button class=\"navtoggle\" id=\"navToggle\">Hide<\/button><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"navgrid\" id=\"navGrid\"><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"legend\">\r\n            <span><i style=\"background:var(--ok-bg);border:1.5px solid #8FD3B6\"><\/i>Correct<\/span>\r\n            <span><i style=\"background:var(--bad-bg);border:1.5px solid #F0AEB4\"><\/i>Wrong<\/span>\r\n            <span><i style=\"background:var(--ok)\"><\/i>Mastered<\/span>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/section>\r\n        <div class=\"card\">\r\n          <h3>This session<\/h3>\r\n          <div class=\"score\"><b id=\"sPct\">\u2014<\/b><i id=\"sFrac\">0 of 0 correct<\/i><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"bar\"><i id=\"sBar\" style=\"width:0\"><\/i><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"mini\"><span id=\"sSeen\">0 attempted<\/span><span id=\"sLeft\">0 left here<\/span><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"streak\" id=\"streak\"><\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"card\">\r\n          <h3 id=\"wHead\">Share on screen<\/h3>\r\n          <div class=\"score\"><b id=\"wPct\" style=\"color:#8A6206\">\u2014<\/b><i id=\"wUnit\">of this bank<\/i><\/div>\r\n          <p style=\"margin:8px 0 0;font-size:12.8px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.55\" id=\"wNote\"><\/p>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"card hide\" id=\"srcCard\">\r\n          <h3>Source text<\/h3>\r\n          <p style=\"margin:9px 0 12px;font-size:12.8px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.55\">Every explanation here is drawn from the full text of the subject. Open it when a citation needs checking.<\/p>\r\n          <a class=\"btn\" id=\"srcLink\" href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"display:block;text-align:center;text-decoration:none\">\ud83d\udcd6 Read the source<\/a>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/aside>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- ============ EXAM ANALYTICS ============ -->\r\n    <div class=\"hide\" id=\"viewExam\">\r\n      <section class=\"card\" style=\"margin:20px 0 60px\">\r\n        <div class=\"qhead\"><span class=\"qcount\">Exam Analytics<\/span><span class=\"badge-w\" id=\"examCount\">0 PYQs<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"perf\" id=\"examBody\"><\/div>\r\n      <\/section>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- ============ PERFORMANCE ============ -->\r\n    <div class=\"hide\" id=\"viewPerf\">\r\n      <section class=\"card\" style=\"margin:20px 0 60px\">\r\n        <div class=\"qhead\"><span class=\"qcount\">My Performance<\/span><span class=\"badge-w\" id=\"perfCount\">0 attempted<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"perf\" id=\"perfBody\"><\/div>\r\n      <\/section>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"toast\" id=\"toast\"><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n\"use strict\";\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   1. CONFIGURATION  \u2190 EDIT PER SUBJECT\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst CFG = {\r\n  quizId : 'subject-pyq-only',   \/\/ unique per page \u2014 this is the progress key\r\n  topic  : 'CCS (Leave\/LTC) Rules -PYQs',       \/\/ e.g. 'Right to Information Act, 2005'\r\n  eyebrow: '',                   \/\/ e.g. 'UPSC SO \/ Steno LDCE \u00b7 Paper II'\r\n  sub    : 'Every previous year question on record, weighted by what the paper actually asks.',\r\n\r\n  \/* --- SOURCE PAGE --------------------------------------------------- *\/\r\n  sourceUrl   : '',                 \/\/ e.g. 'https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/your-source-page\/'\r\n  sourceLabel : 'full source text',\r\n\r\n  masteryThreshold : 3,     \/\/ clean correct answers before a question counts as mastered\r\n  weakThreshold    : 1,     \/\/ wrong attempts before a question is flagged weak\r\n\r\n  priorAccuracy : 0.30,     \/\/ expected-score model: shrink raw accuracy toward this\r\n  priorStrength : 6,\r\n  retention     : { baseDays:3, growth:2.5, riskBelow:0.70 },\r\n\r\n  highYield   : 15,         \/\/ a chapter with this many questions is called high-yield\r\n\r\n  sessionSize : 25,         \/\/ Focused set\r\n  mockSize    : 50          \/\/ Mixed paper\r\n};\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   2. THE PYQ BANK  \u2190 PASTE YOUR QUESTIONS HERE\r\n      { id, year, chapter, question, options[], correct, explanation }\r\n   'year' may be a number or a cycle label such as '2009-11'.\r\n   Exam weight is COUNTED from this bank \u2014 nothing is set by hand.\r\n   The samples below are only so the page renders. Delete them.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst pyqQuestions = [\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 1,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: Grant of and Return from Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"When a day cannot be marked as dies non?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"When the official remains absent from duty without prior information\",\r\n      \"When the official becomes a habitual latecomer\",\r\n      \"When the official leaves the office without prior permission\",\r\n      \"When the official remains in office but refuses to perform duty assigned to him\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.12<\/b> \u2014 'Half-a-day's casual leave should be debited to the casual leave account of a Government servant for each late attendance but late attendance up to an hour, on not more than two occasions in a month may be condoned by the competent authority'. Dies non can be ordered where the official absents himself without prior permission, leaves office without permission, or remains in office but refuses to do the work assigned. Mere late attendance is NOT one of them: para 2.12-2.13 of the DoPT Brochure debits half a day's casual leave for each late attendance (late coming up to one hour, on not more than two occasions a month, may be condoned). If the official has actually worked through the day, dies non cannot be marked.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 2,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Leave not due on medical certificate may be granted to a permanent government servant up to a maximum of\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"360 days during the entire service\",\r\n      \"360 days or the number of days of half-pay leave that he is likely to earn thereafter, whichever is less\",\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 31(1)<\/b> \u2014 'Leave Not Due may be granted to a Government servant in permanent employ or quasi-permanent employ (other than a military officer) limited to a maximum of 360 days during the entire service on medical certificate'. Rule 31(1) fixes the ceiling at 360 days during the entire service on medical certificate, and Rule 31(1)(b) independently limits LND to the half pay leave the officer is likely to earn thereafter. Option (b) states both limbs, which is why it is preferred over the bare 360 days in option (a).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 3,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A temporary government servant may be granted extraordinary leave on any occasion but such leave should not exceed\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"three months or six months as the case may be, depending on whether or not he has completed one year of continuous service\",\r\n      \"six months at a time\",\r\n      \"twenty-four months on medical grounds\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 32(2)<\/b> \u2014 'no Government servant, who is not in permanent employ or quasi-permanent employ, shall be granted extraordinary leave on any one occasion in excess of the following limits:- (a) three months; (b) six months where the Government servant has completed one year's continuous service'. Rule 32(2): (a) three months; (b) six months where one year's continuous service is completed AND the request is supported by a medical certificate. The 18-month slab (TB, leprosy, cancer, mental illness) and the 24-month slab (studies in public interest) in Rule 32(2)(d) and (e) are separate special cases, not the general rule.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 4,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An officer with only half a day's CL at his credit was allowed to avail the same during the second half of a working day. He could not report for duty for the next 4 days due to his sudden illness and therefore had applied for grant of EL for 4 days. In such a situation, how would the request of the officer be processed?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Since CL cannot be combined with earned leave, his request cannot be agreed to\",\r\n      \"He may be allowed special casual leave to regularize the absence\",\r\n      \"He may be sanctioned extraordinary leave to regularize the absence\",\r\n      \"His request for earned leave in continuation of the half-day CL availed by him may be agreed to in the circumstances stated\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.11<\/b> \u2014 'If a Government servant having only half a day's casual leave at his credit avails it in the afternoon of a day and is unable to resume duty on the next working day due to sickness or other compelling grounds, he may be permitted to combine half-a-day's casual leave with regular leave'. Para 2.11 of the DoPT Brochure creates an express exception to the bar on combining casual leave with regular leave: where a Government servant with only half a day's CL at credit avails it in the afternoon and cannot resume duty the next working day owing to sickness or other compelling grounds, he may be permitted to combine that half day's CL with regular leave. The converse - availing half a day's CL on the afternoon before pre-planned regular leave - is not allowed.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 5,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Special Kinds of Leave other than Study Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :\\nList-I (Purpose of Leave) : A. Miscarriage and abortion ; B. Child adoption leave ; C. Special disability leave for injury ; D. Extraordinary leave for temporary employees with 9 months service\\nList-II (Maximum Admissible Duration) : 1. 24 months ; 2. 45 days ; 3. 3 months ; 4. 180 days\\nCode :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43(3)<\/b> \u2014 'Maternity leave not exceeding 45 days may also be granted to a female Government servant (irrespective of the number of surviving children) during the entire service'. A. Miscarriage\/abortion = 45 days maternity leave, Rule 43(3). B. Child adoption leave = 180 days, Rule 43-B(1). C. Special disability leave for injury = 24 months, then Rule 44. D. EOL for a temporary employee with 9 months' service = 3 months, Rule 32(2)(a), since he has not completed one year and the six-month slab is unavailable. RULE CHANGED: Rules 44-46 (Special Disability Leave) were omitted w.e.f. 11.12.2018 and replaced by Work Related Illness and Injury Leave (WRIIL) under the new Rule 44.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 6,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A request of a government servant for conversion of one kind of leave into another kind which was due and admissible to him at the time when the leave was granted originally, may be considered by the competent authority in case such a request has been received\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"within 30 days of the concerned government servant joining his duty on expiry of the leave already sanctioned\",\r\n      \"at any time before his retirement on superannuation\",\r\n      \"within one year of his joining duty on expiry of the leave\",\r\n      \"within a maximum period of 4 months after he ceases to be in the employment of the government\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 10(1)<\/b> \u2014 'no such request shall be considered unless received by such authority, or any other authority designated in this behalf, within a period of 30 days of the concerned Government servant joining his duty on the expiry of the relevant spell of leave availed of by him'. Proviso to Rule 10(1), inserted by DoPT Notification No. 14015\/2\/97-Estt.(L) dated 31.12.1997. Commutation is retrospective and can only be into leave that was due and admissible on the date the original leave was granted; it cannot be claimed as a matter of right.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 7,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: Preliminary\",\r\n    \"question\": \"For the purpose of leave, employees of State Governments and Central\/State Public Sector Undertakings\/Central Autonomous Bodies who join Central Government departments on short-term deputation basis are governed by\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"the leave rules applicable to them in their parent organizations\",\r\n      \"special set of leave rules issued by the Department of Personnel and Training\",\r\n      \"the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972 for the duration for which they remain with the Central Government department\",\r\n      \"the terms and conditions of appointment as finalized by the government in individual cases\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 2(k)<\/b> \u2014 'persons serving under a Central Government Department, on deputation from a State Government or any other source, for a limited duration'. Rule 2(k) expressly excludes from the CCS (Leave) Rules persons serving under a Central Government Department on deputation from a State Government or any other source for a limited duration. Read with Rule 5(a), such a person remains subject to the leave rules that applied to him before the transfer.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 8,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A government servant was granted 'leave not due' on medical grounds for 180 days. Before expiry of such leave, he had applied for and has been permitted to retire voluntarily from service without returning to duty. How shall the leave granted to him be regulated in such a situation?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Leave not due availed by him up to the date of application for voluntary retirement will be regularized by adjusting the number of days involved against the earned leave and HPL accrued and recovery of leave salary for the remaining period\",\r\n      \"Leave not due sanctioned shall be cancelled, his resignation would be made effective from the date on which he had proceeded on leave and leave salary paid to him would be recovered\",\r\n      \"He would be allowed to retire from service after expiry of the leave period\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 31(2)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'the Leave Not Due shall be cancelled, his resignation or retirement taking effect from the date on which such leave had commenced, and the leave salary shall be recovered'. Rule 31(2)(a). The two provisos matter: NO recovery of leave salary if the retirement is on account of ill-health incapacitating him for further service, or in the event of death, or where he is compulsorily retired prematurely under CCS (Pension) Rule 48(1)(b) or FR 56(j)\/56(l).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 9,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 6: Study Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A government servant who was sanctioned study leave had sought voluntary retirement from service within two years of his return from leave. What action can be taken by the government on the request of the government servant in case he persists with his request?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"He may be permitted to retire from service on expiry of the notice period or payment in lieu thereof\",\r\n      \"He may be permitted to retire on refund of the actual amount of leave salary, study allowance, expenditure, if any on fees, travel and other expenditures, the cost incurred by other agencies in connection with the course of study, etc., together with interest thereon as per the applicable rate, in case not exempted by the competent authority\",\r\n      \"He should not be given permission to retire and action should be initiated against him for non-fulfillment of the conditions related to grant of the leave\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 63(1)<\/b> \u2014 'the actual amount of leave salary, cost of fees, travelling and other expenses, if any, incurred by the Government of India'. Rule 63(1). The bond under Rule 53(4) requires three years' service after return from study leave (five years for a Central Health Service Officer granted 36 months' study leave). Two years is inside that period, so the refund liability is attracted. Rule 63(3) allows the President to waive or reduce the refund in public interest.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 10,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: Preliminary\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the cases where employees who do not hold any regular post under the government are engaged on ad hoc basis and their appointments are not treated as ad hoc for technical reasons, whether earned leave would be admissible and how would the leave be regulated?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Ad hoc employees are not entitled to leave of any kind and therefore there is no question of regulating it\",\r\n      \"Such employees can be allowed leave at the rate of 2 1\/2 days for every completed month of service and in case of their continuance in service beyond 3 years without break, earned leave as admissible to temporary employees should be extended to them\",\r\n      \"Encashment may be allowed, of the leave that would have accrued to them, had they been treated as temporary government employees\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 2<\/b> \u2014 'these rules shall apply to Government servants appointed to the civil services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union'. The Rules themselves contain no provision for ad hoc staff who hold no regular post, so the entitlement in the answer does not come from the Leave Rules at all: it rests on DoPT executive instructions, which allow leave on the analogy of the earned leave formula of 2\u00bd days per completed calendar month in <b>Rule 27(1)<\/b>, and extend earned leave as admissible to temporary employees on continuance beyond three years without break. Note that this entitlement does not carry the benefit of leave encashment on termination, which is why option (c) is wrong.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 11,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: Grant of and Return from Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A temporary government servant applied for leave in excess of the limits prescribed under Rule 32 of the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972. The request was considered by the competent authority and since he was convinced that the grounds adduced in support of the request were not genuine or exceptional, only the leave due and admissible to him was sanctioned. The government servant however continued to remain absent without authority. How would the period of his absence be treated?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"The period of unauthorized absence would be treated as dies non, his past service will be forfeited and disciplinary action will be initiated after obtaining an explanation from him for the unauthorized absence and consideration of the same\",\r\n      \"The period of unauthorized absence would be adjusted against half-pay leave that may accrue to him later\",\r\n      \"The period of unauthorized absence would be treated as extraordinary leave that may be adjusted against the earned leave that may accrue to him subsequently\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 25(2)<\/b> \u2014 'Wilful absence from duty after the expiry of leave renders a Government servant liable to disciplinary action'. Three authorities converge and together validate every limb of option (a). Rule 25(2) makes wilful absence after expiry of leave a ground for disciplinary action. FR 17-A(iii) provides that remaining absent without any authority or deserting the post shall be deemed to cause an interruption or break in service unless otherwise decided by the competent authority - that is the forfeiture limb. And the C&AG orders reproduced in DoPT's consolidated instructions (F. No. 13026\/3\/2010-Estt.(L) dated 22.06.2010) direct that absence not covered by a grant of leave be treated as dies non for all purposes - increment, leave and pension. Options (b) and (c) fail because Rule 25(1) permits debit only against half pay leave already due, not leave accruing in future.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 12,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: Grant of and Return from Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"How the requests of two government servants who were sanctioned earned leave for 3 months each, to return to duty before expiry of the period of leave sanctioned to them would be acted upon (one of them was sanctioned the leave preparatory to his retirement and no officiating arrangements were made to fill the vacancies in both the cases)?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"In both the cases, the government servants may be allowed to join duties of the posts held by them before proceeding on leave, with the approval of the authority that had sanctioned them the leave\",\r\n      \"Both the government servants may be allowed to join duties of the posts held by them with the approval of the head of the department concerned\",\r\n      \"While in the case of the government servant who was sanctioned leave preparatory to his retirement may be permitted to join duties with the approval of the appropriate authority of the post from which he proceeded on leave, the other government servant may be permitted to join duties with the approval of the authority which had granted him the leave\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 24(2)<\/b> \u2014 'a Government servant on leave preparatory to retirement shall be precluded from returning to duty, save with the consent of the authority competent to appoint him to the post from which he proceeded on leave preparatory to retirement'. Rule 24(1) and Rule 24(2). The distinction exists because a person on leave preparatory to retirement is ordinarily PRECLUDED from returning to duty at all; returning is an exception requiring the consent of the authority competent to appoint him to the post from which he proceeded on leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 13,\r\n    \"year\": \"2009-11\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Special Kinds of Leave other than Study Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding agreement with the facility of child adoption leave admissible to a female government servant :\\n1. The facility is admissible when she does not have surviving child.\\n2. Leave for a period of 180 days immediately after the date of valid adoption is admissible and such leave may be combined with leave of any other kind.\\nWhich of these statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-B(1)<\/b> \u2014 'A female Government servant, with fewer than two surviving children, on accepting a child in pre-adoption foster care or on valid adoption of a child below the age of one year, may be granted child adoption leave'. Statement 1 is wrong: Rule 43-B(1) requires FEWER THAN TWO surviving children, not the absence of any surviving child. Statement 2 is correct: 180 days from the date of valid adoption (or of accepting the child in pre-adoption foster care) of a child below one year, and under Rule 43-B(3)(a) it may be combined with leave of any other kind.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 14,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"How many days special casual leave is admissible to a Male Central Government Employee for undergoing recanalisation operation?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Maximum of 6 days\",\r\n      \"Maximum of 7 days\",\r\n      \"Maximum of 15 days\",\r\n      \"Maximum of 21 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 4.4<\/b> \u2014 'Central Government servants who undergo operation of recanalisation may be granted special casual leave upto a period of 21 days or the actual period of hospitalization as certified by the authorized medical attendant whichever is less'. Para 4.4 of the DoPT Brochure: up to 21 days OR the actual period of hospitalisation as certified by the authorised medical attendant, whichever is less, plus special casual leave for the actual to-and-fro journey. Admissible only to those who are unmarried, or have fewer than two children, or seek recanalisation for substantial reasons such as loss of all male or all female children after an earlier sterilisation.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 15,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An officer has been appointed on a contract under the Central Government. The period of contract is for 3 years. What is the maximum earned leave for which encashment will be allowed to him at the time of termination of contract?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"50 days\",\r\n      \"75 days\",\r\n      \"100 days\",\r\n      \"125 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM dated 12.07.1999<\/b> \u2014 'More than 2 years upto 5 years 50 days'. Contract officers fall outside the CCS (Leave) Rules under Rule 2(h) unless the contract provides otherwise; their leave terms come from DoPT OM No. 12016\/3\/84-Estt.(L) dated 12.04.1985. The slab table substituted by OM No. 12016\/2\/99-Estt.(L) dated 12.07.1999 reads: up to 2 years - no encashment; more than 2 up to 5 years - 50 days; more than 5 up to 10 years - 100 days; more than 10 up to 15 - 150; 15 to 20 - 200; 20 to 25 - 250; beyond 25 years - 300 days. A 3-year contract sits in the second slab, so 50 days. The 100 days in option (c) is the NEXT slab and is the intended trap. Para 2 of the same OM adds an overriding cap: encashment on termination plus any encashed in earlier Government appointments must not exceed 300 days. RULE CHANGED: OM No. 14028\/1\/2019-Estt.(L) has replaced the slab table with a flat 10 days for each completed year of that contract appointment, so the same contract would today yield only 30 days.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 16,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A female Central Government employee who undergoes a tubectomy operation will be eligible to be granted special casual leave not exceeding\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"14 days\",\r\n      \"15 days\",\r\n      \"30 days\",\r\n      \"45 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 4.1<\/b> \u2014 'Puerperal\/non-puerperal tubectomy 14 days'. Para 4.1 of the Brochure: puerperal or non-puerperal tubectomy, whether the first time or the second (on a certificate that the first failed), and salpingectomy after MTP, all carry 14 days. Laparoscopic tubectomy is covered. Post-tubectomy complications attract up to 14 days more under para 4.2.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 17,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"What is the extent of special casual leave permissible to a male Government servant whose wife undergoes tubectomy operation?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"3 days\",\r\n      \"7 days\",\r\n      \"5 days\",\r\n      \"10 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 4.3<\/b> \u2014 'Special casual leave upto a maximum period of 7 days can be given to a male Government servant, whose wife undergoes puerperal\/non-puerperal tubectomy including sterilization performed through laproscopy for the first or the second time'. Para 4.3 of the Brochure, on production of a medical certificate that his wife has undergone the operation. The same 7 days apply if the wife undergoes tubectomy or salpingectomy under MTP.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 18,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Husband of a female Central Government employee undergoes a vasectomy operation. The female employee is eligible to be granted special casual leave for attending to her husband. The number of days for which the female employee is entitled to the special casual leave will be\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 day, on the day of operation\",\r\n      \"2 days, including the day of operation\",\r\n      \"3 days, including the day of operation\",\r\n      \"7 days, including the day of operation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, Chapter IV<\/b> \u2014 'Special casual leave is not a recognized form of leave and a Government servant on special casual leave is not treated as absent from duty'. The spousal concession is deliberately asymmetric: 7 days to a husband whose wife undergoes tubectomy, which is a major procedure requiring attendance, but only the day of the operation to a wife whose husband undergoes vasectomy, which is a minor day-care procedure.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 19,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"No Government servant shall be granted leave of any kind for a continuous period exceeding five years unless the Competent Authority, in view of the exceptional circumstances of the case, otherwise determines. Who is the Competent Authority in such cases?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"Cabinet Secretariat\",\r\n      \"Department of Personnel and Training\",\r\n      \"The President\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 12(2)<\/b> \u2014 'Unless the President, in view of the exceptional circumstances of the case, otherwise determines, a Government servant who remains absent from duty for a continuous period exceeding five years'. Rule 12. Since the amendment of 29.03.2012 the rule reads in two parts: sub-rule (1) bars leave of any kind for a continuous period exceeding five years, and sub-rule (2) provides that unless THE PRESIDENT, in view of exceptional circumstances, otherwise determines, absence exceeding five years other than on foreign service is treated as deemed resignation, after a reasonable opportunity to explain. By the proviso added on 03.04.2018 this does not apply where leave is applied for on medical certificate in connection with a disability.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 20,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Special Kinds of Leave other than Study Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The maximum period for which special disability leave may be granted to a Government servant for an injury intentionally inflicted on him in consequence of his official position shall be\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"12 months\",\r\n      \"15 months\",\r\n      \"24 months\",\r\n      \"30 months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 44 (as it then stood)<\/b> \u2014 'full pay and allowances for the six months immediately following hospitalization and Half Pay for twelve months beyond the said period of six months'. Then Rule 44 of the CCS (Leave) Rules. RULE CHANGED: Special Disability Leave (Rules 44-46) was omitted w.e.f. 11.12.2018 and replaced by WRIIL under the new Rule 44 - full pay and allowances for the entire hospitalisation; beyond hospitalisation a civilian Government servant gets full pay for 6 months and half pay for the next 12 months (commutable to full pay by debiting HPL). No EL or HPL is credited during WRIIL.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 21,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Special Kinds of Leave other than Study Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"What is the entitlement of maternity leave to a female Government servant who has less than two surviving children?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"120 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"150 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43(1)<\/b> \u2014 'A female Government servant (including an apprentice) with less than two surviving children may be granted maternity leave by an authority competent to grant leave for a period of 180 days from the date of its commencement'. Rule 43(1). RULE CHANGED: the entitlement was 135 days until raised to 180 days by DoPT Notification No. 11012\/1\/2009-Estt.(L) dated 01.12.2009. By the amendment of 18.06.2024, in surrogacy cases both the surrogate mother and the commissioning mother with fewer than two surviving children may be granted 180 days.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 22,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following are not true in the context of CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972?\\n1. Wilful absence from duty not covered by grant of leave is treated as 'dies non'.\\n2. Leave shall not be granted to a Government servant under suspension.\\n3. Leave Not Due (LND) will be debited against Earned leave that the Government servant earns subsequently.\\n4. Conversion of one kind of leave into a leave of different kind is permissible even after a Government servant ceases to be in service.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 31(1)(c)<\/b> \u2014 'Leave Not Due shall be debited against the half pay leave the Government servant may earn subsequently'. Statement 3 is wrong: Rule 31(1)(c) debits LND against the HALF PAY LEAVE the Government servant may earn subsequently, not earned leave. Statement 4 is wrong: the proviso to Rule 10(1) requires the request within 30 days of joining duty, so commutation is not open after a person ceases to be in service. Statements 1 and 2 are correct as settled positions.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 23,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 7: Miscellaneous\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In a particular case, where application of Leave Rules causes undue hardship, the option available for the Ministry or Department is\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"No option except to apply the connected rules\",\r\n      \"The competent authority may, by order, for reasons to be recorded in writing dispense with or relax the requirements of that rule, to such extent and subject to such exceptions and conditions as it may consider necessary for dealing with the case in a just and equitable manner\",\r\n      \"As at (b) above but make such an order with the concurrence of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions\",\r\n      \"To seek the permission of the concerned Ministry to relax the rules to suit the conditions favourably\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 65<\/b> \u2014 'no such order shall be made except with the concurrence of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions'. Rule 65 and its proviso. Option (b) reproduces the operative part but omits the mandatory concurrence, which is the whole point of the question. Contrast the LTC Rules, where the concurrence required under Rule 18 is that of the DEPARTMENT of Personnel and Training.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 24,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"What is the maximum limit up to which half pay leave can be commuted during the entire service (without production of medical certificate) where such leave is utilized for an approved course of study certified to be in public interest?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"150 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"300 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 30(1-A)<\/b> \u2014 'Half pay leave up to a maximum of 180 days may be allowed to be commuted during the entire service (without production of medical certificate) where such leave is utilized for an approved course of study certified to be in the public interest'. Rule 30(1-A). Remember the arithmetic of commuted leave: twice the amount granted is debited against HPL due under Rule 30(1)(d), so 180 days of commuted leave costs 360 days of HPL.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 25,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"When a Government servant dies while in service, credit of Half Pay Leave shall be allowed at the rate of 5\/3 days per completed month of service up to\\n1. the date of death of the Government servant.\\n2. the end of the calendar month in which the Government servant died.\\n3. the end of the calendar month preceding the calendar month in which the Government servant died.\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 29(2)(ca)<\/b> \u2014 'When a Government servant dies while in service, credit of half pay leave shall be allowed at the rate of 5\/3 days per completed month of service up to the date of death of the Government servant'. Rule 29(2)(ca). RULE CHANGED: before 12.05.2011 the credit stopped at the end of the calendar month PRECEDING the month of death, i.e. statement 3. DoPT Notification No. 13026\/1\/2010-Estt.(L) dated 12.05.2011 substituted up to the date of death for both EL (Rule 27(2)(c)) and HPL. Statement 3 remains correct for REMOVAL or DISMISSAL, where the credit still stops at the end of the preceding calendar month.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 26,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following kinds of Leave is not recognized as 'Leave' under CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Leave Not Due\",\r\n      \"Departmental Leave\",\r\n      \"Child Adoption Leave\",\r\n      \"Casual Leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Explanation to Rule 11<\/b> \u2014 'Casual leave which is not recognized as leave under these rules shall not be combined with any other kind of leave admissible under these rules'. The Explanation to Rule 11 says in terms that casual leave is not recognised as leave under these rules and cannot be combined with any other kind of leave admissible under them. Departmental Leave (Rule 49), Leave Not Due (Rule 31) and Child Adoption Leave (Rule 43-B) are all recognised kinds of leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 27,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"What is the maximum period up to which continuous leave of any kind can be granted to a Government servant?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"300 days\",\r\n      \"3 years\",\r\n      \"5 years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 12(1)<\/b> \u2014 'No Government servant shall be granted leave of any kind for a continuous period exceeding five years'. Rule 12(1): no Government servant shall be granted leave of any kind for a continuous period exceeding five years.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 28,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Advance of leave salary may be allowed to a Government servant when leave taken is not less than\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"30 days\",\r\n      \"45 days\",\r\n      \"60 days\",\r\n      \"90 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 42<\/b> \u2014 'A Government servant, including a Government servant on foreign service, proceeding on leave for a period not less than thirty days may be allowed an advance in lieu of leave salary up to a month's pay and allowances'. Rule 42: a Government servant, including one on foreign service, proceeding on leave for not less than thirty days may be allowed an advance up to one month's pay and allowances admissible on that leave salary, subject to deductions for income tax, provident fund, house rent and recovery of advances.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 29,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Special Kinds of Leave other than Study Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of an unmarried female Government servant, Maternity leave is\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Not admissible\",\r\n      \"Admissible in the normal course as admissible to married female Government servants\",\r\n      \"Admissible only if a certificate of child birth and a recommendation to grant leave from a duly constituted Medical Board is submitted\",\r\n      \"Admissible at the discretion of the Head of the Department, if certified by an authorized medical practitioner\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43(1)<\/b> \u2014 'A female Government servant (including an apprentice) with less than two surviving children may be granted maternity leave'. Rule 43(1) confers the benefit on a female Government servant (including an apprentice) with less than two surviving children and imposes NO condition of marital status. The rule is a health and welfare provision attached to confinement, not to marriage.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 30,\r\n    \"year\": \"2012-13\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Up to what percentage of the fare can be drawn as advance while availing LTC by an employee?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"100% of the fare\",\r\n      \"90% of the fare\",\r\n      \"80% of the fare\",\r\n      \"75% of the fare\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM dated 07.10.1997<\/b> \u2014 'It has also been decided to increase the amount of advance for availing LTC from 80% to 90% of estimated fare'. Although the un-amended text of Rule 15(a) of the CCS (LTC) Rules, 1988 still reads four-fifths, the ceiling was raised from 80 per cent to 90 per cent by OM No. 14028\/7\/97-Estt.(L) dated 07.10.1997 giving effect to the Fifth CPC, and 90 per cent is the figure DoPT applies. Do not be misled by the older 80 per cent figure that still appears in the bare rule text.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 31,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: Preliminary\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Grant of leave to a Central Government servant is governed by\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Manual of Office Procedure\",\r\n      \"Notes of Office Procedure\",\r\n      \"Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972\",\r\n      \"Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 1(1)<\/b> \u2014 'These rules may be called the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972'. Rule 1(1) read with Rule 2. These rules form Part III of the FR and SR.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 32,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the context of casual leave, which of the following statements is true?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Casual leave is governed under Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972\",\r\n      \"Casual leave is one of the recognized forms of leave\",\r\n      \"A Government servant on casual leave is treated as absent from duty\",\r\n      \"Casual leave is not subject to any rules\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.1<\/b> \u2014 'Casual leave is not a recognized form of leave. The Government servant on casual leave is not treated as absent from duty and his pay is not intermitted'. Para 2.1 of the DoPT Brochure: casual leave is NOT a recognised form of leave, it is regulated by executive instructions rather than the Leave Rules, and a Government servant on casual leave is NOT treated as absent from duty - his pay is not intermitted. That disposes of options (a), (b) and (c).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 33,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: Grant of and Return from Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Under which of the following circumstances, can an official be marked as 'dies non'?\\n1. When the official remains absent from duty without prior information.\\n2. When, on duty in office, the official leaves the office without proper permission.\\n3. The official remains in office, but refuses to perform the duty assigned to him.\\n4. When the official comes late to office.\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.12<\/b> \u2014 'Half-a-day's casual leave should be debited to the casual leave account of a Government servant for each late attendance'. Absence without prior information, leaving office without proper permission, and remaining in office but refusing to perform assigned duty are all failures to render service. Late coming (statement 4) is not, because the official does render the day's work; it is met by debiting half a day's casual leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 34,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: Grant of and Return from Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding 'dies non' :\\n1. It is one of the formal penalties.\\n2. It is indicative of breach of discipline.\\n3. Periods treated as 'dies non' neither counts as service nor is construed as break in service.\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>FR 17-A<\/b> \u2014 'remaining absent without any authority or deserting the post, shall be deemed to cause an interruption or break in the service of the employee, unless otherwise decided by the competent authority'. Dies non is NOT a penalty listed in Rule 11 of the CCS (CCA) Rules, 1965, so statement 1 is wrong. It is an administrative consequence indicating a breach of discipline, and a period so treated neither counts as service nor is construed as a break in service. Its practical bite is in Rules 27(3) and 29(2)(d): the next half-yearly credit of EL is reduced by 1\/10th of the dies non period (maximum 15 days) and of HPL by 1\/18th (maximum 10 days).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 35,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: Preliminary\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements :\\n1. Ad hoc employees who do not hold any regular post under Government are not governed by the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972.\\n2. Ad hoc employees will not be entitled to the benefit of encashment of earned leave on termination of their service.\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 2<\/b> \u2014 'Save as otherwise provided in these rules, these rules shall apply to Government servants appointed to the civil services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union'. Ad hoc employees who hold no regular post are outside the CCS (Leave) Rules, and consequently have no claim to encashment of earned leave on termination of service, that benefit flowing from Rules 39 to 39-D which do not apply to them.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 36,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: Preliminary\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In relation to the CCS (Leave) Rules, 'Department of Central Government' means :\\n1. A Ministry or a Department of the Central Government as notified from time to time.\\n2. The Department of Parliamentary Affairs.\\n3. The President's Secretariat.\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 3(1)(f)<\/b> \u2014 'Department of the Central Government means a Ministry or a Department of the Central Government as notified from time to time and includes the Planning Commission, the Department of Parliamentary Affairs, the President's Secretariat'. Rule 3(1)(f) defines it as a Ministry or Department of the Central Government as notified from time to time AND INCLUDES the Planning Commission, the Department of Parliamentary Affairs, the President's Secretariat, the Vice-President's Secretariat, the Cabinet Secretariat and the Prime Minister's Secretariat.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 37,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statements are correct?\\n1. Leave cannot be claimed as of right.\\n2. When the exigencies of service so require, it will be open to the authority competent to grant leave, to alter the kind of leave due and applied for.\\n3. Leave should not ordinarily be denied during the last ten years of service.\\n4. Government servants may be encouraged to take leave regularly.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 7<\/b> \u2014 '(1) Leave cannot be claimed as of right. (2) When the exigencies of public service so require, leave of any kind may be refused or revoked by the authority competent to grant it'. Statement 2 inverts Rule 7(2). The rule says that when the exigencies of public service so require, leave may be REFUSED OR REVOKED by the competent authority, but it shall NOT be open to that authority to alter the kind of leave due and applied for EXCEPT at the written request of the Government servant. Statement 1 is Rule 7(1); statements 3 and 4 are the settled Government instructions on regular availing of leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 38,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements in the context of combination of different kinds of leave :\\n1. It is open to the competent authority to grant casual leave in combination with special casual leave.\\n2. It is permissible to grant Earned Leave (EL) in combination with special casual leave.\\n3. Casual leave may be granted in combination with half pay leave.\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 3.3<\/b> \u2014 'Special casual leave can be combined with regular leave or casual leave, but not with both'. Statement 1: paras 2.7 and 3.3 of the Brochure allow CL to be combined with special casual leave. Statement 2: special casual leave may be combined with regular leave, hence with earned leave. Statement 3 is wrong: half pay leave is regular leave, and the Explanation to Rule 11 bars casual leave from being combined with any leave recognised under the Leave Rules. Governing caution: special casual leave may be combined with regular leave OR casual leave, but NOT with both.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 39,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statements are correct in the context of encashment of earned leave (EL) along with LTC?\\n1. Government servants are allowed to encash 10 days EL at the time of availing LTC to the extent of 60 days during the entire career.\\n2. The leave encashment at the time of LTC will be deducted from the maximum amount of EL encashment at the time of retirement.\\n3. Where both wife and husband are Government servants, encashment of leave equal to 10 days at the time of availing LTC will continue to be available to both.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 38-A(4)<\/b> \u2014 'The period of earned leave encashed shall not be deducted from the quantum of leave that can normally be encashed by the Government servant under Rules 6,39,39-A, 39-B, 39-C and 39-D'. Statement 2 is the reverse of Rule 38-A(4), which provides that earned leave encashed at the time of LTC shall NOT be deducted from the quantum otherwise encashable under Rules 6, 39 and 39-A to 39-D. Statement 1 restates Rule 38-A(1) - 10 days at a time, 60 days in the whole career, with at least 30 days of EL remaining at credit. Statement 3 is the position under DoPT OM dated 23.09.2008.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 40,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Special Kinds of Leave other than Study Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In which of the following cases, Medical Certificate is not necessary for grant of Leave Not Due (LND)?\\n1. LND in continuation of Maternity Leave\\n2. LND in continuation of Child Adoption Leave\\n3. LND in continuation of Child Care Leave\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43(4)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'Notwithstanding the requirement of production of medical certificate contained in sub-rule (1) of Rule 30 or sub-rule (1) of Rule 31, leave of the kind due and admissible (including commuted leave for a period not exceeding 60 days and leave not due)'. Three parallel provisions dispense with the medical certificate requirement of Rule 31(1): Rule 43(4)(b) for LND in continuation of maternity leave, Rule 43-B(3)(b) for child adoption leave, and Rule 43-C(6) for child care leave. Each also permits commuted leave up to 60 days without a medical certificate.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 41,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In which of the following cases can extra-ordinary leave up to 24 months be granted?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"When other leave is admissible but the Government servant applies in writing for grant of extra-ordinary leave\",\r\n      \"Where the Government servant who has completed one year's continuous service is undergoing treatment for Pulmonary Tuberculosis\",\r\n      \"Where the leave is required for the purpose of prosecuting studies certified to be in public interest, provided the Government servant concerned has completed 3 year's continuous service on the date of expiry of leave of the kind due and admissible\",\r\n      \"All of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 32(2)(e)<\/b> \u2014 'twenty-four months, where the leave is required for the purpose of prosecuting studies certified to be in the public interest, provided the Government servant concerned has completed three years' continuous service'. Rule 32(2)(e), and a Bond in Form 6 with two sureties is required under Rule 32(3). Option (b) is a trap: Pulmonary Tuberculosis and the other specified illnesses attract 18 months, not 24, under Rule 32(2)(d).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 42,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements in relation to the quantum of leave salary payable to a Government servant :\\n1. A Government servant who proceeds on earned leave is entitled to leave salary equal to the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on earned leave.\\n2. A Government servant on half pay leave is entitled to leave salary equal to half the amount of pay drawn immediately before proceeding on half pay leave.\\n3. A Government servant on commuted leave is entitled to leave salary equal to the amount of pay drawn immediately before proceeding on commuted leave.\\n4. A Government servant on extra-ordinary leave is not entitled to any leave salary.\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 40<\/b> \u2014 '(1) a Government servant who proceeds on earned leave is entitled to leave salary equal to the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on earned leave'. Rule 40(1) - EL at full pay; Rule 40(3) - HPL and LND at half; Rule 40(4) - COMMUTED LEAVE AT THE FULL RATE admissible for earned leave; Rule 40(5) - no leave salary on extraordinary leave. Statement 3 is the one candidates most often mark wrong: commuted leave is paid at full pay, the cost being the double debit of HPL.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 43,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Special Kinds of Leave other than Study Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following are categorized as special kinds of leave under CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972?\\n1. Maternity Leave\\n2. Paternity Leave for Child Adoption\\n3. Child Care Leave\\n4. Leave Not Due\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Chapter V<\/b> \u2014 'Special kinds of leave other than study leave'. Chapter V is headed Special kinds of leave other than study leave and covers maternity leave, paternity leave, paternity leave for child adoption, child adoption leave, child care leave, WRIIL, seamen's sick leave, special leave connected to inquiry of sexual harassment, and departmental leave. LEAVE NOT DUE (Rule 31) sits in Chapter IV among the kinds of leave due and admissible, so statement 4 is wrong.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 44,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which kind of leave will be granted in the following cases to a Government servant?\\n1. Where staff is not able to attend office during civil disturbances, strikes, etc.\\n2. Training with P&T Units of the Territorial Army.\\n3. Donating Blood to recognized Blood Banks on a working day.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Casual leave\",\r\n      \"Special casual leave\",\r\n      \"Earned leave\",\r\n      \"Half pay leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 12.1<\/b> \u2014 'Government servants who donate blood on a working day may be granted special casual leave for that day'. Chapter XI of the Brochure covers inability to attend office because of bandh, civil disturbances, strikes, curfew or failure of transport; para 10.4 covers transit and training with Territorial Army and P&T units; and Chapter XII covers blood donation to a recognised blood bank on a working day (one day).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 45,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Where no advance is drawn by a Government servant, he shall be required to prefer his LTC claim after completion of his return journey within\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"One month\",\r\n      \"Three months\",\r\n      \"Six months\",\r\n      \"One year\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 14<\/b> \u2014 'A claim for reimbursement of expenditure incurred on journey under LTC shall be submitted within three months after the completion of the return journey, if no advance had been drawn'. Rule 14 of the CCS (LTC) Rules, 1988; failure entails forfeiture of the claim. Where an advance HAS been drawn, the claim must be preferred within ONE MONTH of completion of the return journey, failing which the entire advance is recoverable in one lump sum. CURRENT RELAXATION: by OM No. 31011\/3\/2015-Estt.A-IV dated 21.12.2023, the Ministry or Department with the concurrence of its Financial Adviser may admit a no-advance claim within six months without reference to DoPT.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 46,\r\n    \"year\": \"2014\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The amount of advance admissible to a Government servant in connection with Leave Travel Concession (LTC) is limited, in each case, to\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"100% of the estimated cost of journey both ways\",\r\n      \"90% of the estimated cost of journey both ways\",\r\n      \"80% of the estimated cost of journey both ways\",\r\n      \"75% of the estimated cost of journey both ways\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM dated 07.10.1997<\/b> \u2014 'It has also been decided to increase the amount of advance for availing LTC from 80% to 90% of estimated fare'. Rule 15(a) as raised to 90 per cent in 1997. Associated conditions worth memorising: the advance may be drawn for both journeys only if the leave or absence does not exceed 90 days; if that limit is exceeded after the advance is drawn for both, ONE HALF must be refunded forthwith; the whole advance is refundable if the outward journey does not commence within 30 days; and the outward tickets must be produced to the competent authority within 10 days of drawal.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 47,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Special Casual Leave is admissible to a Government servant for\\n1. Training and duty as a member of Home Guards.\\n2. Donating Blood at recognized Blood Banks on a working day.\\n3. Participation in the Republic Day Parade as a member of St. John Ambulance Brigade.\\n4. To exercise franchise during the elections of Panchayat\/Local bodies.\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 10.5<\/b> \u2014 'Government servants may be granted special casual leave while acting as members of officially sponsored auxiliary police organizations such as Home Guards, National Voluntary Corps, Prantiya Raksha Dal etc'. Training and duty as a member of Home Guards (para 10.5), blood donation on a working day (para 12.1) and participation in the Republic Day Parade and its rehearsals as a member of the St. John Ambulance Brigade (para 12.2.1) are all covered. Statement 4 is not: DoPT grants special casual leave for exercising the franchise only for elections and bye-elections to the LOK SABHA OR A STATE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (OM No. 12\/14\/99-JCA dated 10.10.2001), and where a general election is notified the offices simply remain closed. There is no corresponding Central instruction for Panchayat or local body elections.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 48,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"As a general rule, casual leave can be granted in combination with\\n1. Special casual leave\\n2. Regular leave\\n3. Both Special casual leave and Regular leave\\nWhich of the above is correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Explanation to Rule 11<\/b> \u2014 'Casual leave which is not recognized as leave under these rules shall not be combined with any other kind of leave admissible under these rules'. The Explanation to Rule 11 bars combination with regular leave. The further caution in para 2.7 is that where regular leave is granted in combination with special casual leave, casual leave should NOT also be granted in combination - never all three together.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 49,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An apprentice is entitled to get\\n1. Leave on Medical Certificate, on leave salary equivalent to half pay for a period not exceeding one month in any year of apprenticeship.\\n2. An extraordinary leave under Rule 32 of FRSR Part III.\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 33(3)<\/b> \u2014 'An apprentice shall be entitled to- (a) leave, on medical certificate, on leave salary equivalent to half pay for a period not exceeding one month in any year of apprenticeship; (b) extraordinary leave under Rule 32'. Rule 33(3): (a) leave on medical certificate on leave salary equivalent to half pay for a period not exceeding one month in any year of apprenticeship, and (b) extraordinary leave under Rule 32. The CCS (Leave) Rules are FR and SR Part III, so the reference in the question is to the same Rule 32.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 50,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"What is the correct order of eligibility of next of kins for the payment of cash equivalent of leave salary in case of the death of a married male Government servant?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Widow, eldest surviving son, eldest surviving unmarried daughter, father and mother\",\r\n      \"Father, widow, eldest surviving son, eldest surviving unmarried daughter and mother\",\r\n      \"Widow, eldest surviving son, father, eldest surviving unmarried daughter and mother\",\r\n      \"Mother, widow, eldest surviving son, eldest surviving unmarried daughter and father\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 39-C<\/b> \u2014 'to the widow, and if there are more widows than one, to the eldest surviving widow if the deceased was a male Government servant'. Rule 39-C. The full order is: widow (eldest surviving widow by date of marriage, if more than one) or husband; then eldest surviving son or adopted son; eldest surviving unmarried daughter; eldest surviving widowed daughter; father; mother; eldest surviving married daughter; eldest surviving brother below 18; eldest surviving unmarried sister; eldest surviving widowed sister; eldest child of the eldest pre-deceased son.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 51,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: Grant of and Return from Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The day of death of an official who was on Earned Leave on Medical Certificate is to be treated as\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Special casual leave\",\r\n      \"A part of leave\",\r\n      \"A working day\",\r\n      \"None of the above\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Dept. of Posts letter dated 24.08.1993<\/b> \u2014 'A medically unfit person cannot be treated as on duty. As such in the instant case, the day of death of the Government servant has to be treated as a part of leave which he was availing of on the day previous to the day of death'. Although Rule 5(2) of the CCS (Pension) Rules, 1972 says the date of death is to be treated as a working day, DoPT has clarified (Dept. of Posts letter No. 4-14\/93-Pen. dated 24.08.1993) that a person who is medically unfit cannot be treated as on duty; since he had not produced a fitness certificate, it cannot be presumed he would have reported for duty. Hence the day of death of an official on EOL or EL on medical certificate is treated as PART OF THE LEAVE.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 52,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"An employee of any Central Government commercial\/industrial undertaking under the supervision of the Central Government is eligible for the leave travel concession, whether he is a direct recruit or is on deputation from a State Government, subject to the following conditions :\\n1. The Board of Directors or other competent authority of the Undertaking concerned has passed specific orders making the concession applicable to their employees.\\n2. The cost of the concession is met by the Undertaking\/Body concerned.\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC instruction on undertakings<\/b> \u2014 'the Board of Directors or other competent authority of the Undertaking concerned has passed specific orders making the concession applicable to their employees'. The concession is extended only where the Board of Directors or other competent authority of the undertaking has passed specific orders making it applicable, AND the cost is borne by the undertaking or body concerned - the Consolidated Fund is not charged.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 53,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Under which of the following conditions is the LTC facility allowed for an escort who accompanies a handicapped Government Servant on the journey?\\n1. The nature of physical disability of the Government servant is such as to necessitate an escort for the journey.\\n2. The physically handicapped Government servant does not have a younger family member.\\n3. Prior approval of the Head of the Department concerned is obtained on each occasion.\\n4. Any other person who is entitled to LTC does not accompany the handicapped Government servant on the journey.\\nSelect the correct answer by using the codes given below :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM dated 09.07.1991<\/b> \u2014 'The physically handicapped Government servant does not have an adult family member'. DoPT OM No. 31011\/4\/1991-Estt.(A) dated 09.07.1991 lays down: the nature of physical disability must necessitate an escort, and in case of doubt the decision of the HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT is final; prior approval of the Head of the Department on each occasion; the handicapped Government servant does not have an ADULT family member; the Government servant and escort avail any rail or bus concession available; and no other person entitled to LTC accompanies him. Statement 2 fails because the test is an adult family member, not a younger one.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 54,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which category of employees is debarred for LTC facility as they are entitled for 'Free Pass' facility?\\n1. Employees and spouses of employees of Indian Railways.\\n2. Employees and spouses of employees of National Airlines.\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 1(4)(g)<\/b> \u2014 'person eligible to any other form of travel concession available during leave or otherwise'. Railway servants are excluded by Rule 1(4)(d), and Rule 1(4)(g) excludes any person eligible for another form of travel concession available during leave or otherwise, which catches employees of the National Airlines and the spouses of both categories. RULE CHANGED: by OM No. 31011\/15\/2017-Estt.A-IV dated 27.03.2018, Railway employees may now avail All India LTC once in a block of four years under the CCS (LTC) Rules, subject to conditions, so the blanket exclusion no longer holds good.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 55,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statements is correct in the context of Central Civil Services (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988?\\nIf both husband and wife are Central Government servants\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"they cannot claim LTC for their respective families.\",\r\n      \"they cannot declare separate home towns independently.\",\r\n      \"they are treated as two independent Government servants.\",\r\n      \"the children can claim the concession as members of family of both the parents in a particular block.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM dated 08.05.1990<\/b> \u2014 'Where husband and wife both are Government servants, they could, at their option, choose to declare separate hometown and both of them may claim the concession separately'. Per DoPT OM No. 31011\/8\/89-Estt.(A) dated 08.05.1990, both spouses, if residing together, may claim the concession separately for their respective families; they MAY declare separate home towns; but the children can be claimed in a particular block as members of the family of ONLY ONE parent, and if one spouse avails the concession as a member of the other's family, he or she cannot claim it independently.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 56,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The Central Civil Services (LTC) Rules, 1988 shall apply to all persons, who are appointed\\n1. to Civil services and posts including civilian Government servants in the Defence Services in connection with the affairs of the Union.\\n2. under a State Government and who are on deputation with the Central Government.\\n3. on contract basis.\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 1(3)<\/b> \u2014 '(i) who are appointed to civil services and posts including civilian Government servants in the Defence Services in connection with the affairs of the Union; (ii) who are employed under a State Government and who are on deputation with the Central Government; (iii) who are appointed on contract basis'. Rule 1(3): (i) civil services and posts including civilian Government servants in the Defence Services; (ii) State Government employees on deputation with the Centre; (iii) persons appointed on contract; and (iv) persons re-employed after retirement. For categories (ii), (iii) and (iv) the concession is admissible only after one year's continuous service under the Central Government, with a certificate of likely continuance - two years for home town LTC and four years for all-India LTC.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 57,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The correct test to determine whether a place declared by a Government servant may be accepted as his home town or not may be determined by applying the criteria mentioned below :\\n1. Whether the place declared by Government Servant is one which requires his physical presence at intervals for discharging various domestic and social obligations.\\n2. Whether the Government Servant owns residential property in that place or whether he is a member of a joint family having such property there.\\n3. Whether his near relations are resident in that place.\\n4. Whether, prior to his entry into Government service, he had been living there for some years.\\nWhich of the above statements are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 5(ii)<\/b> \u2014 'The current test to determine whether a place declared by a Government servant may be accepted as his home town or not is to check whether it is the place where the Government servant would normally reside but for his absence from such a station for service under Government'. The primary test is whether it is the place where the Government servant would normally reside but for his absence on Government service; the four criteria listed are the supplementary tests applied by the controlling officer. Remember that the home town once declared and accepted is final and can be changed ONLY ONCE in the entire service, with the approval of the Head of the Department.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 58,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of Gazetted Officers in the Central Government, the record of all assistance granted under LTC shall be maintained by\\n1. the Accounts Officer concerned.\\n2. the Authority responsible for maintenance of the service records.\\nWhich of the above statements is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 7, Note 1(iv)<\/b> \u2014 'The authority responsible for the maintenance of the service record shall ensure that on every occasion a Government servant proceeds on leave which is entered in that record, the fact whether or not he availed of the travel assistance under these orders is indicated'. The two statements describe the same authority: for Gazetted Officers the Accounts Officer concerned is the authority responsible for maintenance of the service record, and the note to Rule 7 requires that authority to record, on every occasion leave is entered, whether or not travel assistance was availed.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 59,\r\n    \"year\": \"2015\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following guidelines on Air Travel on LTC are required to be followed by the Central Government employees?\\n1. Travel by Air India only\\n2. In Economy class only, irrespective of entitlement\\n3. LTC-80 ticket of Air India only to be purchased\\n4. Air ticket may be purchased directly from Airlines or by utilizing the services of authorized travel agents\\nSelect the correct answer by using the codes given below :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM dated 09.07.2013<\/b> \u2014 'Government employees entitled to travel by air are required to travel by Air India only in Economy Class at LTC-80 fare or less'. At that time the rule was: by AIR INDIA ONLY, in ECONOMY CLASS ONLY irrespective of entitlement, on the LTC-80 fare, with tickets bought either directly from the airline or through the authorised travel agents. RULE CHANGED (important): since OM No. 31011\/12\/2022-Estt.(A-IV) dated 29.08.2022 air tickets must be purchased from one of the three Authorised Travel Agents - Balmer Lawrie, Ashok Travels and Tours, and IRCTC - and direct booking from the airline is no longer the norm. Following Air India's disinvestment the requirement is now to choose the flight with the BEST AVAILABLE FARE rather than an Air India LTC-80 ticket. And employees NOT entitled to air travel are no longer required to book through the ATAs (OM dated 10.08.2023), except under the Special Dispensation Scheme for NER, J&K, Ladakh and A&N.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 60,\r\n    \"year\": \"2016-17\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following is not correct in the context of Casual leave?\\n1. Casual leave is one of the recognized forms of leave\\n2. Casual leave is not subject to any rule\\n3. Technically a government servant on casual leave is not treated as absent from duty\\n4. Sundays and holidays falling during the period of casual leave will be treated as part of leave\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.4<\/b> \u2014 'Public holidays and weekly offs falling within a period of casual leave should not be counted as part of the casual leave'. Statement 1 is wrong because casual leave is NOT a recognised form of leave. Statement 4 is wrong because, under para 5 of DoPT OM No. 28016\/3\/98-Estt.(A) dated 15.06.1998, Sundays, public holidays and weekly offs FALLING WITHIN a period of casual leave are not counted as part of it, though they may be prefixed or suffixed. Statements 2 and 3 are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 61,\r\n    \"year\": \"2016-17\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Special casual leave may be granted to a government servant by competent authority for which of the following purposes?\\n1. Donating blood to recognized blood banks on a working day\\n2. Appearing for departmental promotion examinations\\n3. Transit time for joining training in Territorial Army\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, Chapter VIII<\/b> \u2014 'Government servants may be granted special casual leave for appearing in Departmental Promotion Examination, which are neither obligatory nor entail a condition of preferment in Government service'. Blood donation on a working day (para 12.1); appearing in departmental PROMOTION examinations that are neither obligatory nor a condition of preferment, plus minimum journey time (Chapter VIII - but note this does NOT extend to open competitive examinations of UPSC or SSC for direct recruitment); and transit time from relief from the civil post to reporting to military authorities for Territorial Army training and back (para 10.4).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 62,\r\n    \"year\": \"2016-17\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"No Government servant in normal circumstances shall be granted leave of any kind for a continuous period exceeding :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 year\",\r\n      \"2 years\",\r\n      \"3 years\",\r\n      \"5 years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 12(1)<\/b> \u2014 'No Government servant shall be granted leave of any kind for a continuous period exceeding five years'. Rule 12(1).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 63,\r\n    \"year\": \"2016-17\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Extraordinary leave may be granted to a Government servant in which of the following special circumstances?\\n1. When no other leave is admissible\\n2. When other leave is admissible, but the Government servant applies in writing for the grant of extraordinary leave\\n3. For treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in recognized sanatorium\\n4. For treatment of cancer or for mental illness in an institution recognized for the treatment of such disease\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 32(1)<\/b> \u2014 'Extraordinary leave may be granted to a Government servant (other than a military officer) in special circumstances- (a) when no other leave is admissible: (b) when other leave is admissible, but the Government servant applies in writing for the grant of extraordinary leave'. Rule 32(1)(a) and (b) cover the first two; Rule 32(2)(d)(i) and (iv) cover treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in a recognised sanatorium and cancer or mental illness in a recognised institution. Note that the sub-rule (2) ceilings bite only on Government servants NOT in permanent or quasi-permanent employ.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 64,\r\n    \"year\": \"2016-17\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: Grant of and Return from Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A day can be marked as dies non by leave sanctioning authority for an official :\\n1. If he performs duty for a part of the day and leaves the office early without proper permission\\n2. When he refuses to perform duty assigned to him while he is on duty in office\\n3. When he comes late to the office\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.12<\/b> \u2014 'a Government servant, leaves office early before the time for closing of office without permission, half-a-day's casual leave should be debited to his casual leave account for each such early departure from office'. Performing duty for part of the day and leaving early without permission, and refusing to perform assigned duty while in office, both justify dies non. Coming late while working through the day does not.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 65,\r\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding Casual Leave :\\n1. Casual leave is not a recognized form of leave.\\n2. It is not subject to any rule.\\n3. Technically a Government servant on casual leave is treated as absent from duty.\\n4. The maximum period of casual leave which a Government servant is allowed to avail himself of is 08 days in a calendar year.\\nWhich of the statement(s) given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM dated 15.06.1998<\/b> \u2014 'the entitlement of 8 days casual leave in a calendar year is subject to the condition that not more than 5 days casual leave may be allowed at any one time'. Statement 3 is the odd one out: a Government servant on casual leave is NOT treated as absent from duty and his pay is not intermitted. Statement 4 is correct - since 01.01.1998 the entitlement is 8 days in a calendar year (reduced from 12 on the Fifth CPC's recommendation), subject to not more than 5 days at any one time, relaxable by the Head of Office. Operating and maintenance staff who had 15 days get 10 days.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 66,\r\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: Grant of and Return from Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant while on Earned Leave on medical grounds expires. His day of death for the purpose of terminal benefits will be treated :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"As a working day\",\r\n      \"As a part of leave\",\r\n      \"As dies non\",\r\n      \"As absent from duty\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Dept. of Posts letter dated 24.08.1993<\/b> \u2014 'the day of death of the Government servant has to be treated as a part of leave which he was availing of on the day previous to the day of death'. Same reasoning as 2015 Q56: a medically unfit person cannot be treated as on duty, so the day of death of an official on EL on medical grounds is treated as part of the leave, notwithstanding Rule 5(2) of the CCS (Pension) Rules.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 67,\r\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: Grant of and Return from Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In which of the following cases can a Government servant be marked as dies non?\\n1. Absence from duty without prior permission\\n2. When on duty in office, the Government servant leaves the office without proper permission\\n3. The official remains in office but refuses to perform duties assigned to him\\n4. When an official comes late even though he works throughout the day during office hours\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 2.12<\/b> \u2014 'Half-a-day's casual leave should be debited to the casual leave account of a Government servant for each late attendance'. Statement 4 is excluded: an official who comes late but works throughout the day during office hours cannot be marked dies non.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 68,\r\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"What is the maximum limit up to which Half Pay Leave (HPL) may be allowed to be commuted during the entire service (without production of medical certificate) where such leave is utilized for an approved course of study certified to be in the public interest by the leave sanctioning authority?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"30 days\",\r\n      \"60 days\",\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 30(1-A)<\/b> \u2014 'Half pay leave up to a maximum of 180 days may be allowed to be commuted during the entire service (without production of medical certificate) where such leave is utilized for an approved course of study'. Rule 30(1-A): half pay leave up to a maximum of 180 days may be commuted during the entire service without a medical certificate where the leave is used for an approved course of study certified to be in the public interest by the leave sanctioning authority.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 69,\r\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Special Kinds of Leave other than Study Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"During Work Related Illness and Injury Leave (WRIL) beyond hospitalization, personnel below the rank of officer of the Central Armed Police Forces will be entitled to full pay and allowances for a period of :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"30 months\",\r\n      \"24 months\",\r\n      \"6 months\",\r\n      \"No limit regarding the period\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 44(2)(c)<\/b> \u2014 'For personnel below the rank of officer of the Central Armed Police Forces - full pay and allowances, with no limit regarding period'. Rule 44(2)(c), inserted w.e.f. 11.12.2018: full pay and allowances with NO LIMIT as to period. Contrast the other two slabs in the same sub-rule - a civilian Government servant gets full pay for 6 months and half pay for 12 months thereafter, while OFFICERS of the CAPFs get full pay and allowances for 6 months and full pay only for the next 24 months.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 70,\r\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 6: Study Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The maximum amount of study leave, which may be granted to a Government servant, other than Central Health Service Officers, during his entire service is limited to :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"12 months\",\r\n      \"24 months\",\r\n      \"36 months\",\r\n      \"48 months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 51(1)<\/b> \u2014 '(a) ordinarily twelve months at any one time, and (b) during his entire service, twenty-four months in all (inclusive of similar kind of leave for study or training granted under any other rules)'. Rule 51(1): ordinarily 12 months at any one time, and 24 months in all during the entire service, inclusive of similar leave for study or training under any other rules. For Central Health Service Officers, Rule 51(2) allows 36 months for a postgraduate qualification, against a five-year bond.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 71,\r\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding entitlement for leave encashment of a Government servant retiring on attaining the normal age prescribed for retirement :\\n1. The overall limit for encashment of leave including both earned leave and half pay leave shall not exceed 300 days.\\n2. To make up the shortfall in earned leave, commutation of half pay leave shall also be permissible.\\n3. The cash equivalent of leave salary shall be payable in one lump sum as a one time settlement.\\nWhich of the statement(s) given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 39(2)(c)<\/b> \u2014 'To make up the shortfall in earned leave, no commutation of half pay leave shall be permissible'. Statement 2 is expressly negatived by Rule 39(2)(c): to make up the shortfall in earned leave, NO commutation of half pay leave shall be permissible. RULE CHANGED: until DoPT Notification No. 11012\/1\/2009-Estt.(L) dated 01.12.2009 implementing the Sixth CPC, HPL COULD be commuted to make up a shortfall in EL. That Notification instead made both EL and HPL separately encashable subject to an overall ceiling of 300 days and simultaneously prohibited commutation.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 72,\r\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Special Casual Leave admissible to a male Central Government employee for undergoing Vasectomy operation under the Family Welfare Programme for the first time is to the extent of not exceeding :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"2 working days\",\r\n      \"3 working days\",\r\n      \"6 working days\",\r\n      \"10 working days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 4.1<\/b> \u2014 'Vasectomy 6 working days'. OPTION AMENDED: as printed, option (c) read 5 working days and NO option carried the correct figure. Para 4.1 of the DoPT Brochure fixes 6 WORKING DAYS for vasectomy, and a further 6 working days for a second vasectomy on a certificate that the first operation failed. Option (c) has been corrected accordingly. Post-vasectomy complications attract up to 7 days more under para 4.2.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 73,\r\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988 :\\n1. Industrial and work-charged staff who are entitled to regular leave are eligible for Leave Travel Concession (LTC) in the same manner as other Central Government servants.\\n2. Officers appointed on contract basis even for more than one year are not eligible for LTC.\\n3. If both husband and wife are Central Government servants, they can declare separate home towns independently.\\n4. In the event of the return journey falling in the succeeding calendar year, the concession shall be counted against the year in which the outward journey commenced.\\nWhich of the statement(s) given above is\/are not correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 1(3)(iii)<\/b> \u2014 'who are appointed on contract basis'. Statement 2 is wrong: officers appointed on CONTRACT BASIS ARE ELIGIBLE for LTC under Rule 1(3)(iii), and where an initial one-year contract is extended, the TOTAL duration of the contract is reckoned. Statement 1 is correct (industrial and work-charged staff entitled to regular leave are eligible in the same manner); statement 3 is correct (spouses who are both Government servants may declare separate home towns); statement 4 is correct (Rule 9 - the concession is counted against the block in which the OUTWARD journey commenced).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 74,\r\n    \"year\": \"2018\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"What is the maximum relaxation in terms of time limit that can be given by an administrative Ministry\/Department with the concurrence of its Financial Advisor for admittance of Leave Travel Concession (LTC) claims where NO advance is drawn?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Three months after the completion of return journey\",\r\n      \"Six months after the completion of return journey\",\r\n      \"Six months from the date of outward journey\",\r\n      \"One year after the completion of return journey\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 14<\/b> \u2014 'the Ministry\/Department concerned with the concurrence of Financial Advisor can admit the claims within six months, if no advance has been drawn without reference to DoP&T'. Rule 14 read with OM No. 31011\/3\/2015-Estt.A-IV dated 21.12.2023. The normal limit is three months; six months is the outer relaxation available with the Financial Adviser's concurrence and without a reference to DoPT.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 75,\r\n    \"year\": \"2019-20\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the event of death of a Government servant, what would be the order of preference in the case of the following surviving members of his family for the purpose of payment of cash equivalent of leave salary?\\n1. Father\\n2. Mother\\n3. Eldest son\\n4. Eldest unmarried daughter\\n5. Eldest widowed daughter\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"3, 4, 5, 1, 2\",\r\n      \"1, 3, 2, 4, 5\",\r\n      \"2, 1, 3, 5, 4\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3, 4, 5\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 39-C<\/b> \u2014 '(iii) failing (i) and (ii) above, to the eldest surviving unmarried daughter; (iv) failing (i) to (iii) above, to the eldest surviving widowed daughter; (v) failing (i) to (iv) above, to the father; (vi) failing (i) to (v) above, to the mother'. Rule 39-C prescribes: widow or husband first, then eldest surviving son, eldest surviving unmarried daughter, eldest surviving widowed daughter, father, and mother. Of the five listed, the order is therefore 3, 4, 5, 1, 2.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 76,\r\n    \"year\": \"2019-20\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statements in the context of the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972 are not correct?\\n1. The leave granted as leave preparatory to retirement may include extraordinary leave.\\n2. For the purpose of encashment of leave, the shortfall in Earned Leave may be made up by commutation of Half Pay Leave.\\n3. The overall limit for encashment of leave including both Earned Leave and Half Pay Leave shall not exceed 300 days.\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Note to Rule 38(1)<\/b> \u2014 'The leave granted as leave preparatory to retirement shall not include extraordinary leave'. Statement 1 is wrong: the Note under Rule 38(1) says the leave granted as leave preparatory to retirement shall NOT include extraordinary leave. Statement 2 is wrong because Rule 39(2)(c) bars commutation of HPL to make up a shortfall in EL. Statement 3 correctly states the 300-day overall ceiling.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 77,\r\n    \"year\": \"2019-20\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding Half Pay Leave (HPL) under the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972 :\\n1. HPL shall be granted on medical certificate only.\\n2. While affording credit of HPL, fraction of a day shall be ignored.\\n3. HPL shall be credited to the leave account of a Government servant at the rate of 5\/3 days for each completed calendar month of service, which he is likely to render in the half year of the calendar year in which he is appointed.\\nWhich of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 29(2)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'The leave shall be credited to the said leave account at the rate of 5\/3 days for each completed calendar month of service which he is likely to render in the half-year of the calendar year in which he is appointed'. Statement 1 is wrong: Rule 29(4) allows HPL on medical certificate OR ON PRIVATE AFFAIRS. Statement 2 is wrong: Rule 29(5) requires the fraction of a day to be ROUNDED OFF TO THE NEAREST DAY, not ignored, and the same applies to EL under Rule 27(4). Statement 3 correctly reproduces Rule 29(2)(a).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 78,\r\n    \"year\": \"2019-20\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In terms of the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972, leave should not ordinarily be denied during\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"first 5 years of service\",\r\n      \"entire service of a Government servant\",\r\n      \"last 10 years of service\",\r\n      \"last 15 years of service\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 7(2)<\/b> \u2014 'When the exigencies of public service so require, leave of any kind may be refused or revoked by the authority competent to grant it'. This reflects the Government's instruction that officers approaching retirement should be encouraged to avail leave regularly rather than accumulate it, and it sits alongside Rule 7(2), under which leave may be refused only where the exigencies of public service so require.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 79,\r\n    \"year\": \"2019-20\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statements in the context of the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972 is\/are correct?\\n1. Commuted Leave may be granted up to 60 days without medical certificate to a female Government servant having less than two surviving children on adoption of a child.\\n2. Medical certificate shall not be necessary for Commuted Leave in continuation of Maternity Leave.\\n3. Leave Not Due shall be debited either against the Half Pay Leave or the Earned Leave the Government servant may earn subsequently.\\n4. Child Adoption Leave shall be debited against the Earned Leave account.\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below.\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-B(3)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'including leave not due and commuted leave not exceeding 60 days without production of medical certificate'. Statement 1 is Rule 43-B(3)(b) - commuted leave up to 60 days without a medical certificate in continuation of child adoption leave. Statement 2 is Rule 43(4)(b). Statement 3 is wrong: Rule 31(1)(c) debits LND against HALF PAY LEAVE ONLY. Statement 4 is wrong: Rule 43-B(4) says child adoption leave shall NOT be debited against the leave account.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 80,\r\n    \"year\": \"2019-20\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding LTC advance :\\n1. The amount of LTC advance in each case will be limited to 90% of the estimated amount, which the Government would have to reimburse in respect of cost of journey both ways.\\n2. If the period of leave taken by the Government servant exceeds 90 days after the advance had already been drawn for outward and return journey, advance in full has to be refunded to the Government forthwith.\\n3. Advances to temporary Government servants are sanctioned subject to production of surety of a permanent Government servant.\\n4. LTC claims should invariably be preferred within one month of the completion of the return journey irrespective of the fact whether an advance was drawn or not.\\nWhich of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 15(d)<\/b> \u2014 'If the limit of 3 months or ninety days is exceeded after the advance had already been drawn for both the journeys, one half of the advance should be refunded to the Government forthwith'. Statement 2 is wrong: where the leave exceeds 90 days after the advance has been drawn for both journeys, ONE HALF of the advance is to be refunded forthwith, not the whole of it. Statement 4 is wrong: one month applies only where an advance was drawn; where none was drawn the limit is three months. Statement 3 is the standard condition for advances to temporary Government servants - surety of a permanent Government servant.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 81,\r\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Special Casual Leave can be granted to Government servants for which of the following purpose(s)?\\n1. Attending coaching camps under the Rajkumari Amrit Kaur Coaching Scheme\\n2. Training with P&T Units of the Territorial Army\\n3. Training as a member of St. John Ambulance Brigade\\n4. Donating blood to recognized blood banks on a working day\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 5.5<\/b> \u2014 'Government servants, who attend coaching or training camps in the following institutions, can be granted special casual leave not exceeding 30 days in a calendar year'. Coaching camps under the Rajkumari Amrit Kaur Coaching Scheme (para 5.5, up to 30 days a year); training with P&T units of the Territorial Army (para 10.4); duties as a member of the St. John Ambulance Brigade (para 12.2, up to 3 days a year); and blood donation on a working day (para 12.1, one day). Remember the overall cap of 30 days in a calendar year for all sporting purposes taken together (para 5.9).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 82,\r\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: Grant of and Return from Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements in the context of a leave sanctioning authority in a Central Government Department marking an employee 'dies non':\\n1. An official can be marked 'dies non' even if he\/she performs duty for a part of the day but leaves office before closing hours without proper permission\\n2. When the official remains absent from duty without prior information he\/she can be marked 'dies non'\\n3. An official who has come late but has worked throughout the day during office hours can be marked 'dies non'\\n4. Marking of a day as 'dies non' will be construed as break in service\\nWhich of the statement(s) given above is\/are not correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"3 and 4 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>FR 17-A<\/b> \u2014 'remaining absent without any authority or deserting the post, shall be deemed to cause an interruption or break in the service of the employee, unless otherwise decided by the competent authority'. Statement 3 is wrong: an official who comes late but works throughout the day cannot be marked dies non. Statement 4 is wrong because a period treated as dies non is NOT construed as a break in service - it simply does not count as service.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 83,\r\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following statements regarding Half Pay Leave (HPL) is not correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Production of medical certificate is mandatory for availing HPL\",\r\n      \"While affording credit of half pay leave, fraction of a day shall be rounded off to the nearest day\",\r\n      \"It can be granted on private affairs\",\r\n      \"The credit for the half year in which a Government servant is due to retire or resigns from the service shall be allowed at the rate of 5\/3 days per completed calendar month up to the date of retirement or resignation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 29(4)<\/b> \u2014 'The leave under this rule may be granted on medical certificate or on private affairs'. Rule 29(4) permits HPL on medical certificate OR on private affairs, so option (a) is the incorrect statement. Options (b), (c) and (d) correctly state Rule 29(5), Rule 29(4) and Rule 29(2)(b) respectively.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 84,\r\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"What is the maximum earned leave that can be granted at a time to a Government Servant who is employed in India?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"270 days\",\r\n      \"300 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 26(2)(i)<\/b> \u2014 '180 days in the case of any Government servant employed in India'. Rule 26(2)(i). Do not confuse this with the ACCUMULATION ceiling of 300 days under Rule 26(1)(b). Under Rule 26(3), a Group A or B officer may be granted up to 300 days at a time if the leave beyond 180 days is spent OUTSIDE India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Pakistan.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 85,\r\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"What is the maximum amount of Leave Not Due that can be granted on medical certificate to a Government servant in permanent employment during his\/her entire service?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\",\r\n      \"360 days\",\r\n      \"120 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 31(1)<\/b> \u2014 'limited to a maximum of 360 days during the entire service on medical certificate'. Rule 31(1). The same 360-day ceiling applies under Rule 31(1-A) to temporary Government servants suffering from TB, leprosy, cancer or mental illness who have one year's service.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 86,\r\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Special Kinds of Leave other than Study Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding Child Care Leave (CCL):\\n1. It can be combined with leave of any other kind\\n2. It may not be granted for a period less than 15 days at a time\\n3. It shall not be granted to a single female Government servant for more than 3 spells in a calendar year\\n4. It shall not be debited against the leave account\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-C(3)(ii)<\/b> \u2014 'in case of a single female Government servant, the grant of leave in three spells in a calendar year shall be extended to six spells in a calendar year'. Statement 1 is Rule 43-C(5) and statement 4 is Rule 43-C(7). RULE CHANGED (statement 2): the minimum spell of 15 days was the position until DoPT Notification No. 11020\/01\/2017-Estt.(L) dated 11.12.2018 reduced it to 5 DAYS, so statement 2 is wrong on the law applicable to this paper. Statement 3 is wrong for a different reason: while CCL is ordinarily limited to three spells in a calendar year, Rule 43-C(3)(ii) extends this to SIX SPELLS for a SINGLE female Government servant, and by DoPT OM dated 29.07.2024 sanctioning authorities may relax up to three further spells where the child is hospitalised as an inpatient.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 87,\r\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Mr. 'X' is appointed in a Central Government department on contract basis for a period of 5 years, after his retirement from that department. At the time of his superannuation he had availed leave encashment of 260 days. On termination of his contractual employment of 5 years, he shall be entitled to encash earned leave up to a maximum period of:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"40 days\",\r\n      \"50 days\",\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"150 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 39(6)(a)(iii)<\/b> \u2014 'subject to a maximum of 300 days including the period for which encashment was allowed at the time of retirement'. Rule 39(6)(a)(iii): on termination of re-employment, cash equivalent of EL and HPL at credit is payable subject to a maximum of 300 days INCLUDING the period for which encashment was allowed at the time of retirement. 300 minus 260 = 40. Both routes give the same figure, which is a useful check: treating him as a contract officer instead, the slab in OM dated 12.07.1999 for more than 2 up to 5 years gives 50 days, but para 2 of that OM independently caps the total at 300 days INCLUDING encashment allowed in previous Government appointments, so the binding limit is again 40 days. Option (b) offers the bare 50-day slab figure precisely to catch candidates who ignore the 300-day cap.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 88,\r\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding Leave Travel Concession (LTC) entitlements of fresh recruits:\\n1. They are allowed to travel to their home town along with their families on three occasions in a block of four years and to any place in India on the fourth occasion\\n2. This facility of travel to home town thrice and to any place in India once in a block of four years is available only for the first two blocks of four years applicable after joining the Government for the first time\\n3. The existing blocks and entitlements are the same for the fresh recruits and other Government employees\\n4. The blocks of 4 years shall apply with reference to the initial date of joining the Government even though the employee changes the job within the Government subsequently\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC OM dated 23.09.2008<\/b> \u2014 'Fresh recruits to Central Government allowed to travel to their home town along with their families on three occasions in a block of four years and to any place in India on the fourth occasion'. Statement 3 is wrong: the whole point of the fresh-recruit dispensation (DoPT OM No. 31011\/4\/2008-Estt.(A) dated 23.09.2008) is that the blocks and entitlements are DIFFERENT - home town on three occasions and any place in India on the fourth, in each four-year block, for the first two blocks after joining Government for the first time, counted from the initial date of joining even if the employee later changes jobs within Government.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 89,\r\n    \"year\": \"2021-22\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding admissibility of Leave Travel Concession (LTC) facility to an escort accompanying single handicapped Government servant:\\n1. Prior approval of the Head of the department concerned is obtained on each occasion\\n2. The nature of physical disability of the Government servant is such as to necessitate an escort for the journey. In case of doubt, the decision of the Chief Medical Officer will be final\\n3. The physically handicapped Government servant does not have an adult family member\\n4. Any other person who is entitled to LTC does not accompany the handicapped Government servant on the journey\\nWhich of the statement(s) given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM dated 09.07.1991<\/b> \u2014 'In case of doubt, the decision of the Head of the Department will be final'. Statement 2 fails on a single word: under OM dated 09.07.1991, in case of doubt about whether the disability necessitates an escort, the decision of the HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT is final, not the Chief Medical Officer. Statements 1, 3 and 4 reproduce the other conditions correctly.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 90,\r\n    \"year\": \"2023\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The maximum continuous period of leave of any kind that can be granted to a Government servant, unless the President, in view of the exceptional circumstances of the case otherwise determines, is:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"One year\",\r\n      \"Six months\",\r\n      \"Three years\",\r\n      \"Five years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 12(1)<\/b> \u2014 'No Government servant shall be granted leave of any kind for a continuous period exceeding five years'. Rule 12: no Government servant shall be granted leave of any kind for a continuous period exceeding five years, and only the President may otherwise determine in view of exceptional circumstances.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 91,\r\n    \"year\": \"2023\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Special Kinds of Leave other than Study Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Leave up to what period can be granted to an aggrieved female government servant on the recommendation of the Internal Committee during the pendency of inquiry under the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"30 days\",\r\n      \"60 days\",\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"120 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 48<\/b> \u2014 'Leave up to a period of 90 days may be granted to an aggrieved female Government servant on the recommendation of the Internal Committee or the Local Committee, as the case maybe, during the pendency of inquiry'. Rule 48, inserted by DoPT Notification No. 13026\/2\/2016-Estt.(L) dated 15.03.2017, on the recommendation of the Internal Committee or Local Committee under the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013. This leave is NOT debited against the leave account.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 92,\r\n    \"year\": \"2023\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: Grant of and Return from Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant who has taken leave on medical certificate may not return to duty until he has produced a medical certificate of fitness in:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Form 3A\",\r\n      \"Form 4\",\r\n      \"Form 5\",\r\n      \"Form 7\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 24(3)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'A Government servant who has taken leave on medical certificate may not return to duty until he has produced a medical certificate of fitness in Form 5'. Rule 24(3)(a). Keep the forms straight: Form 1 application for leave; Form 2 leave account; Form 3 medical certificate for a Gazetted officer; Form 3-A certificate of disability; Form 4 medical certificate for a non-Gazetted officer; FORM 5 FITNESS CERTIFICATE; Form 6 bond for EOL for studies; Forms 7 to 10 study leave bonds.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 93,\r\n    \"year\": \"2023\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The decision taken by the Government that both Earned Leave and Half Pay Leave shall be considered for encashment of leave subject to overall limit of 300 days is based on the recommendations of which one of the following Central Pay Commissions (CPC)?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"4th CPC\",\r\n      \"5th CPC\",\r\n      \"6th CPC\",\r\n      \"7th CPC\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Note to Rule 39(2)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'The overall limit for encashment of leave including both earned leave and half pay leave shall not exceed 300 days'. Given effect by DoPT Notification No. 11012\/1\/2009-Estt.(L) dated 01.12.2009, which recast Rule 39(2) and inserted the Note prescribing the 300-day overall ceiling while barring commutation of HPL to make up a shortfall in EL.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 94,\r\n    \"year\": \"2023\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: Grant of and Return from Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements in the context of recall to duty of a Government servant before expiry of leave outside India:\\n1. The time spent by the Government servant on the voyage to India shall be treated as duty for the purpose of calculating leave\\n2. He shall receive leave salary during the voyage to India\\n3. He shall also receive salary for the period from the date of landing in India to the date of joining his post\\n4. He shall receive refund of his passage from India, irrespective of the quantum of leave left to be completed by the date of leaving for India on recall\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 23(3)(b)<\/b> \u2014 'to count the time spent on the voyage to India as duty for purposes of calculating leave, and to receive- (i) leave salary, during the voyage to India and for the period from the date of landing in India to the date of joining his post'. Rule 23(3)(b). Statement 4 is wrong because the refund of passage from India is admissible only if the Government servant HAS NOT COMPLETED HALF the period of his leave by the date of leaving for India on recall, OR THREE MONTHS, WHICHEVER IS SHORTER - not irrespective of the quantum of leave left. Note that recall is treated as compulsory in all cases, and the voyage time counts as duty for the purpose of calculating leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 95,\r\n    \"year\": \"2023\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statements regarding grant of Special Casual Leave to a Government servant for donating his\/her organ to another human being based on recommendation of Government registered medical practitioner\/doctor are correct?\\n1. Special Casual Leave up to a maximum of 30 days shall be admissible\\n2. Special Casual Leave up to a maximum of 42 days shall be admissible\\n3. Flexibility or splitting of leave shall not be permitted\\n4. The maximum admissible duration of Special Casual Leave shall be determined with reference to the type of surgery for removal of donor's organ\\n5. As far as possible, treatment in connection with organ donation shall be done from any Government Hospital or CGHS empanelled Hospital\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 4 and 5 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 5 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3, 4 and 5\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>DoPT OM of April 2023<\/b> \u2014 'Irrespective of the type of surgery for removal of donor's organ, the duration of special casual leave will be a maximum of 42 days as per the recommendation of government registered medical practitioner'. The DoPT OM of April 2023 grants a maximum of 42 DAYS, so statement 2 is right and statement 1's 30 days was the earlier Appendix-III ceiling. Statement 3 is the reverse of the OM - flexibility or splitting of leave MAY be permitted on the recommendation of the treating government-registered medical practitioner. Statement 4 is also the reverse - the duration is 42 days IRRESPECTIVE of the type of surgery. Statement 5 is correct. The leave normally runs in one stretch from the day of admission, may begin up to one week before surgery, and cannot be combined with any other leave except for post-operative complications on medical recommendation.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 96,\r\n    \"year\": \"2023\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statements regarding admissibility of Leave Travel Concession (LTC) is\/are correct?\\n1. Fresh recruits to Central Government are allowed to travel to their home town along with their families on three occasions in a block of four years and to any place in India on the fourth occasion\\n2. A Government servant under suspension is also entitled to avail himself of the LTC along with his family members\\n3. Within the same block, when one and the same LTC is being availed of by the Government servant and his family members separately, encashment of leave would be admissible on both the occasions\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 7, Note 17<\/b> \u2014 'Suspended Government servant can not avail LTC, however, his family members are entitled'. Statement 2 is wrong: a Government servant UNDER SUSPENSION CANNOT avail LTC, though his family members remain entitled. Statement 3 is wrong: per DoPT OM No. 14028\/2\/2012-Estt.(L) dated 09.02.2015, where one and the same LTC is availed by the Government servant and his family members separately in a block year, leave encashment is restricted to ONE OCCASION only.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 97,\r\n    \"year\": \"2023\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Whose concurrence shall be required to dispense with or relax the requirement of any of the Leave Travel Concession Rules when operation of any of these rules causes undue hardship in any particular case?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"Department of Personnel and Training\",\r\n      \"Secretary of the Ministry\/Department Concerned\",\r\n      \"Administrative Secretary with the concurrence of the Financial Advisor concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to LTC Rule 18<\/b> \u2014 'no such order shall be made except with the concurrence of the Department of Personnel and Training'. Proviso to Rule 18 of the CCS (LTC) Rules, 1988. Contrast Rule 65 of the CCS (Leave) Rules, where the concurrence is that of the MINISTRY of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. Similarly, doubts on interpretation go to DoPT under LTC Rule 17, but to the Ministry of Personnel, PG and Pensions under Leave Rule 64.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 98,\r\n    \"year\": \"2024\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"What is the maximum quantum of Special Casual Leave that can be granted to Central Government servants in any one calendar year for participating in Inter-Ministerial and Inter-Departmental tournaments and sports events held in and outside Delhi?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"10 days\",\r\n      \"15 days\",\r\n      \"21 days\",\r\n      \"30 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Brochure, para 5.7<\/b> \u2014 'Government servants, who participate in inter-ministerial and interdepartmental Tournaments and sporting events held in and outside Delhi may be granted special casual leave not exceeding 10 days in a calendar year'. Para 5.7 of the Brochure read with para 2 of OM No. 6\/1\/85-Estt.(Pay-I) dated 16.07.1985, provided the event is duly recognised by Government and is normally limited to tournaments sponsored by the Central Secretariat Staff Welfare and Amenities Committee or recognised sports and recreation clubs of Government servants. The 30-day figure in option (d) is the ceiling for NATIONAL or INTERNATIONAL level sporting purposes such as coaching camps, commentary, trekking and cultural activities, and 30 days is also the overall annual cap across all sporting purposes taken together.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 99,\r\n    \"year\": \"2024\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: General Conditions\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following statements in the context of CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972 is not correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Casual leave can be combined with all kinds of leave.\",\r\n      \"Leave Travel Concession can be availed during casual leave.\",\r\n      \"Casual leave can be taken for half day also.\",\r\n      \"Casual leave should not normally be granted for more than 5 days at any one time.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Explanation to Rule 11<\/b> \u2014 'Casual leave which is not recognized as leave under these rules shall not be combined with any other kind of leave admissible under these rules'. Casual leave cannot be combined with any leave recognised under the Leave Rules (Explanation to Rule 11); only with special casual leave. Options (b), (c) and (d) are correct: LTC may be availed during casual leave (Rule 7(2) of the LTC Rules and para 3.5 of the Brochure); half a day's casual leave may be taken, the lunch interval being the dividing line (para 2.10); and not more than 5 days should normally be granted at a time (OM dated 15.06.1998). Note on option (d): the 5-days-at-a-time limit dates from 01.01.1998; before that the entitlement was 12 days a year with a limit of 8 days at any one time.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 100,\r\n    \"year\": \"2024\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Special Kinds of Leave other than Study Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The quantum of paternity leave admissible to a male Government servant with less than two surviving children during the confinement of his wife for childbirth is up to :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"10 days\",\r\n      \"15 days\",\r\n      \"20 days\",\r\n      \"25 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-A(1)<\/b> \u2014 'A male Government servant (including an apprentice) with less than two surviving children, may be granted Paternity Leave by an authority competent to grant leave for a period of 15 days'. Rule 43-A: 15 days, availed from up to 15 days before to up to 6 months from the date of delivery, on full pay, not debited to the leave account, combinable with leave of any other kind, and lapsing if not availed within the period. The same 15 days applies to paternity leave for child adoption under Rule 43-AA and, since the amendment of 18.06.2024, to a commissioning father in a surrogacy case.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 101,\r\n    \"year\": \"2024\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant on commuted leave is entitled to leave salary equal to :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"100% of Half Pay Leave (HPL)\",\r\n      \"50% of HPL\",\r\n      \"25% of HPL\",\r\n      \"As in the case of Earned Leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 40(4)<\/b> \u2014 'A Government servant on commuted leave is entitled to leave salary equal to the amount admissible under sub-rule (1)'. Rule 40(4): a Government servant on commuted leave is entitled to leave salary equal to the amount admissible under Rule 40(1), i.e. the same as for earned leave. The consideration for full pay is the double debit of HPL under Rule 30(1)(d).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 102,\r\n    \"year\": \"2024\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Special Kinds of Leave other than Study Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statement(s) regarding grant of Child Adoption Leave to a female Government servant is\/are correct?\\n1. A female Government servant with fewer than two surviving children, on valid adoption of a child below the age of one year may be granted Child Adoption Leave for a period of 180 days immediately after the date of valid adoption.\\n2. Child Adoption Leave cannot be combined with leave of any other kind.\\n3. During the period of Child Adoption Leave, she shall be paid leave salary equal to the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on leave.\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-B(3)(a)<\/b> \u2014 'Child adoption leave may be combined with leave of any other kind'. Statement 2 is wrong: Rule 43-B(3)(a) says child adoption leave MAY be combined with leave of any other kind. Statement 1 restates Rule 43-B(1) and statement 3 restates Rule 43-B(2).\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 103,\r\n    \"year\": \"2024\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: Preliminary\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 apply to :\\n1. Government servants appointed to the civil services and posts\\n2. Members of All India Services\\n3. Employees of non-statutory departmental canteens\\n4. Persons paid from contingencies\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 2(f)<\/b> \u2014 'members of the All India Services'. Rule 2 excludes MEMBERS OF THE ALL INDIA SERVICES (clause f) and PERSONS PAID FROM CONTINGENCIES (clause c), so statements 2 and 4 fail. Employees of non-statutory departmental canteens in Central Government offices were declared to be Government servants and are governed by these rules, so statement 3 holds. Also excluded: Railway servants; casual, daily-rated and part-time employees; workmen in industrial establishments; work-charged establishments; local recruits in Indian missions abroad; persons on contract unless the contract provides otherwise; and short-term deputationists from State Governments.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 104,\r\n    \"year\": \"2024\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements in the context of Central Civil Services (Leave Travel Concession) Rules :\\n1. Leave Travel Concession (LTC) can be availed while on study leave.\\n2. LTC can also be availed during the weekend alone.\\n3. LTC can be availed during Leave Preparatory to Retirement, provided the return journey is completed before the expiry of leave.\\n4. LTC can be availed by a Government servant under suspension.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 4\",\r\n      \"2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 7, Note 3<\/b> \u2014 'LTC also admissible during CCL and study leave'. Statement 1 is correct: LTC is admissible during study leave and child care leave (DoPT OM No. 13018\/6\/2013-Estt.(L) dated 03.04.2018 and OM No. 31011\/1\/88-Estt.(A) dated 30.03.1988). Statement 3 is correct: LTC is allowed both ways during leave preparatory to retirement provided the return journey is completed before the leave expires (OM dated 01.10.1977). Statement 2 is wrong - LTC is NOT admissible for journeys during weekend holidays without any leave. Statement 4 is wrong - a Government servant under suspension cannot avail LTC.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 105,\r\n    \"year\": \"2024\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding Leave Travel Concession (LTC) claims :\\n1. In respect to LTC journey, the reimbursement of catering charges wherever the Government servant opts for catering service while booking ticket in Rajdhani Express, is allowed.\\n2. Ministry\/Department can admit LTC claims submitted within 6 months after completion of journey for which no advance was taken, with the concurrence of Financial Adviser if the Government servant is not able to submit the claim within the prescribed time limit due to compelling circumstances beyond his\/her control.\\n3. LTC advance up to 90% of the estimated cost of journey both ways can be granted to a Central Government servant.\\n4. For performing LTC journey by air, the time limit for drawing LTC advance is 65 days.\\n5. In all the cases, where an advance is drawn for the purpose of availing LTC, it will be mandatory for the Government servant to produce the outward journey tickets to the Competent Authority within 15 days of drawal of advance.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 5 only\",\r\n      \"1, 4 and 5 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 3,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 15, Note 2<\/b> \u2014 'The Government servant is required to produce the outward journey tickets to the Competent Authority within ten days of drawal of advance in order to verify that he has actually utilised the amount to purchase the tickets'. Statement 5 is the only wrong one: where an advance is drawn, the outward journey tickets must be produced to the competent authority within TEN DAYS of drawal (OM No. 31011\/8\/2015-Estt.(A-IV) dated 13.05.2016), not 15 days. Statement 4 is correct - the time limit for DRAWING the advance is 65 days before the outward journey for air, sea and road, though it was raised to 125 DAYS FOR JOURNEYS BY TRAIN by the same OM of 13.05.2016 following the increase in the railway advance reservation period to 120 days. Statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 106,\r\n    \"year\": \"2025\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"A Government servant on Leave Not Due is entitled to leave salary equal to :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Pay last drawn\",\r\n      \"50% of amount admissible on Earned Leave\",\r\n      \"75% of amount admissible on Earned Leave\",\r\n      \"50% of amount admissible on Half Pay Leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 40(3)<\/b> \u2014 'A Government servant on half pay leave or leave not due is entitled to leave salary equal to half the amount specified in sub-rule (1)'. Rule 40(3): a Government servant on half pay leave OR LEAVE NOT DUE is entitled to leave salary equal to half the amount specified in sub-rule (1), i.e. half the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on leave.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 107,\r\n    \"year\": \"2025\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 7: Miscellaneous\",\r\n    \"question\": \"The powers to relax any of the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972 shall be exercised by any Ministry or Department of the Government of India, only with the concurrence of the :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions\",\r\n      \"Union Public Service Commission\",\r\n      \"Integrated Finance Division of the Ministry concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Proviso to Rule 65<\/b> \u2014 'no such order shall be made except with the concurrence of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions'. Proviso to Rule 65: no order relaxing the Leave Rules shall be made except with the concurrence of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. Contrast LTC Rule 18, where the concurrence is that of the Department of Personnel and Training.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 108,\r\n    \"year\": \"2025\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Kinds of Leave Due and Admissible\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following statement(s) regarding Commuted Leave is\/are correct?\\n1. When commuted leave is granted, twice the amount of such leave shall be debited against the half pay leave due.\\n2. Medical certificate is not necessary for commuted leave in continuation of maternity leave.\\n3. Commuted leave may not be granted at the request of the Government servant when earned leave is due to him.\\nSelect the answer using the codes given below :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 1,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 30(1)(d)<\/b> \u2014 'when commuted leave is granted, twice the amount of such leave shall be debited against the half pay leave due'. Statement 3 is the reverse of the Note under Rule 30, which says commuted leave MAY be granted at the request of the Government servant EVEN WHEN earned leave is due to him. Statement 1 is Rule 30(1)(d) and statement 2 is Rule 43(4)(b). Recall also Rule 30(2): if the officer resigns or takes voluntary retirement without returning to duty, commuted leave is re-treated as HPL and the difference in leave salary recovered, unless the retirement is on grounds of ill-health or he dies.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 109,\r\n    \"year\": \"2025\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Special Kinds of Leave other than Study Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following statements is not correct in the context of grant of Child Care Leave (CCL) under Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"CCL cannot be demanded as a matter of right.\",\r\n      \"The leave is to be treated like the Earned Leave and sanctioned as such.\",\r\n      \"CCL may not be granted for a period less than 15 days at a time.\",\r\n      \"CCL can be availed of even if employee has Earned Leave at credit.\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 43-C(3)(iv)<\/b> \u2014 'child care leave may not be granted for a period less than five days at a time'. RULE CHANGED: DoPT Notification dated 11.12.2018 substituted FIVE DAYS for fifteen days as the minimum spell in Rule 43-C(3)(iv), so option (c) is the incorrect statement. Options (a), (b) and (d) correctly state the current position - CCL cannot be claimed as a matter of right, it is to be treated like earned leave and sanctioned as such, and the earlier condition requiring EL at credit to be exhausted first has been removed.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 110,\r\n    \"year\": \"2025\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: Grant of and Return from Leave\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In the case of Gazetted Government servants whose pay and allowances are not drawn and disbursed by the Head of Office, their leave account shall be maintained by :\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"Audit Officer\",\r\n      \"Head of Office\",\r\n      \"Accounts Officer\",\r\n      \"Head of Department\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Rule 15<\/b> \u2014 'a leave account shall be maintained in Form 2 for each Government servant by the Audit Officer in the case of Gazetted Government servants'. Rule 15. The Note carves out the exception: where a Gazetted officer's pay IS drawn and disbursed by the Head of Office, that Head of Office maintains the leave account. For non-Gazetted staff the account is always maintained by the Head of Office or an officer authorised by him, in Form 2.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 111,\r\n    \"year\": \"2025\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"In terms of the Central Civil Services (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988, which one of the following is the time limit prescribed for the Administration for verification of Leave Travel Concession (LTC) claim after the LTC bill is submitted by the Government employee (posted in Headquarters) for settlement?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"5 working days\",\r\n      \"7 working days\",\r\n      \"10 working days\",\r\n      \"15 working days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 2,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 13, Note 7<\/b> \u2014 'Time taken by Administration for verification of LTC claim after the LTC bill is submitted by the Government employee for settlement 10 working days'. DoPT OM No. 31011\/3\/2015-Estt.(A.IV) dated 18.02.2016 prescribes the whole chain: leave sanction 5 working days; sanction of LTC advance or leave encashment 5 working days; VERIFICATION OF THE LTC CLAIM 10 WORKING DAYS; DDO 5 working days; PAO 5 working days. An additional 3 days' transit time is allowed where the employee is posted away from Headquarters, which is why the question specifies posted in Headquarters.\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"id\": 112,\r\n    \"year\": \"2025\",\r\n    \"chapter\": \"CCS (Leave Travel Concession) Rules, 1988\",\r\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements on the issues relating to travel on Leave Travel Concession (LTC) in terms of Central Civil Services (LTC) Rules, 1988 :\\n1. In the case of catering services opted by the Government servants while booking the tickets for the purpose of LTC, the catering charges shall be reimbursed in respect of eligible trains only.\\n2. In the case of Government employees entitled to travel by air, the cancellation charges, if any, levied by the airlines as well as the authorized agents shall be reimbursed on grounds of official exigencies only.\\n3. The Government servants not entitled to travel by air but wish to travel by air are also required to mandatorily book their tickets through the authorized agents.\\nWhich of the statement(s) given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    \"options\": [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"correct\": 0,\r\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>LTC Rule 12, Note 7(i)<\/b> \u2014 'The Government employees not entitled for air travel but wish to travel by air, are no longer required to mandatorily book their air tickets through the three authorised travel agencies'. Statement 1 is correct (OM dated 10.08.2023 - catering charges reimbursed where the employee opts for catering while booking tickets on ELIGIBLE trains). Statement 2 is correct (same OM - cancellation charges levied both by the airlines and by the authorised travel agents are reimbursed on grounds of OFFICIAL EXIGENCIES ONLY). Statement 3 is wrong: by the same OM, employees NOT entitled to air travel who nevertheless wish to fly are NO LONGER required to book through the three ATAs, since reimbursement is capped at the actual air fare or the entitled train or bus fare by the shortest route, whichever is less. The ATA requirement survives for them only under the Special Dispensation Scheme for the North-East, J&K, Ladakh and A&N Islands.\"\r\n  }\r\n];\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   3. SANITISE + INDEX\r\n   Both banks are checked the same way; bad rows are dropped with a\r\n   console note rather than blanking the widget.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction sanitise(list, kind){\r\n  if(!Array.isArray(list)) return [];\r\n  const ok=[], bad=[];\r\n  list.forEach((q,i)=>{\r\n    const good = q && q.id!==undefined && typeof q.question==='string'\r\n      && Array.isArray(q.options) && q.options.length>=2\r\n      && Number.isInteger(q.correct) && q.correct>=0 && q.correct<q.options.length\r\n      && typeof q.chapter==='string' && q.chapter.length;\r\n    if(good){ q.bank = kind; ok.push(q); } else bad.push({row:i, id:q&&q.id});\r\n  });\r\n  if(bad.length) console.warn('['+kind+' bank] skipped '+bad.length+' malformed question(s):', bad);\r\n  return ok;\r\n}\r\nconst PYQ = sanitise(pyqQuestions,'pyq');\r\nconst QS  = PYQ;\r\n\r\nconst L = ['A','B','C','D','E','F'];\r\nconst uid = q => q.bank+'##'+q.chapter+'##'+q.id;\r\nconst BY_UID = new Map(QS.map(q=>[uid(q), q]));\r\n\r\n\/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n   Chapters are keyed on their number, so the two banks do not have to\r\n   spell the name identically. 'Ch 2', 'CH 2: Right to Information...'\r\n   and 'Chapter-2' all resolve to the same chapter; the longest spelling\r\n   found in either bank becomes the display name.\r\n   --------------------------------------------------------------------- *\/\r\nconst ROMAN = {i:1,ii:2,iii:3,iv:4,v:5,vi:6,vii:7,viii:8,ix:9,x:10,xi:11,xii:12};\r\nfunction chKey(str){\r\n  const t = String(str).toUpperCase().replace(\/[\\u2010-\\u2015]\/g,'-').trim();\r\n  let m = t.match(\/^(?:CH|CHAP|CHAPTER)\\s*[-.:]?\\s*(\\d+)\/);\r\n  if(m) return 'CH'+(+m[1]);\r\n  m = t.match(\/^(?:APPENDICES|APPENDIX|ANNEXURES?|ANNEXES?|APNDX|APPX|APDX|APP)\\s*[-.:]?\\s*(\\d+|[IVX]+)\\b\/);\r\n  if(m){ const v=m[1]; return 'APP'+(\/^\\d+$\/.test(v) ? +v : (ROMAN[v.toLowerCase()]||v)); }\r\n  m = t.match(\/^(\\d+)\\s*[-.:)]\/);\r\n  if(m) return 'CH'+(+m[1]);\r\n  return 'T:'+t.replace(\/[^A-Z0-9]+\/g,' ').trim();\r\n}\r\nconst CH_NAME = (function(){\r\n  const best={};\r\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ const k=chKey(q.chapter);\r\n    if(!best[k] || q.chapter.length>best[k].length) best[k]=q.chapter; });\r\n  return best;\r\n})();\r\nQS.forEach(q=>{ q.chKey = chKey(q.chapter); q.chapter = CH_NAME[q.chKey]; });\r\n\r\nconst CHAPTERS = (function(){\r\n  const seen=[]; QS.forEach(q=>{ if(!seen.includes(q.chapter)) seen.push(q.chapter); }); return seen;\r\n})();\r\nconst BY_CH = (()=>{ const m=new Map();\r\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ if(!m.has(q.chapter)) m.set(q.chapter,[]); m.get(q.chapter).push(q); }); return m; })();\r\nconst inCh = c => BY_CH.get(c) || [];\r\n\r\n\/* exam cycles, ordered by the first four-digit year in the label *\/\r\nconst YEAR_ORDER = y => { const m=String(y).match(\/\\d{4}\/); return m ? +m[0] : 9999; };\r\nconst YEARS = [...new Set(QS.map(q=>q.year).filter(y=>y!==undefined && y!==null && y!==''))]\r\n  .sort((a,b)=>YEAR_ORDER(a)-YEAR_ORDER(b) || String(a).localeCompare(String(b)));\r\nconst inYear = y => QS.filter(q=>String(q.year)===String(y));\r\n\r\nfunction chOrder(c){\r\n  const k = chKey(c);\r\n  if(k.startsWith('CH'))  return [0, +k.slice(2)||0, c];\r\n  if(k.startsWith('APP')) return [1, +k.slice(3)||99, c];\r\n  return [2, 0, c];\r\n}\r\nfunction byChapterOrder(a,b){\r\n  const x=chOrder(a.chapter||a), y=chOrder(b.chapter||b);\r\n  return x[0]-y[0] || x[1]-y[1] || String(x[2]).localeCompare(String(y[2]));\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* a bank that stores chapter names in block capitals is softened for display *\/\r\nfunction titleCase(str){\r\n  const t=String(str), letters=t.replace(\/[^A-Za-z]\/g,'');\r\n  if(!letters || letters !== letters.toUpperCase()) return t;\r\n  const small=new Set(['of','the','and','for','in','to','a','an','on','by','or','with','from','as','at','under']);\r\n  return t.toLowerCase().replace(\/[A-Za-z][A-Za-z'\\u2019]*\/g,(w,i)=>\r\n    (i>0 && small.has(w)) ? w : w.charAt(0).toUpperCase()+w.slice(1))\r\n    .replace(\/\\bCh\\b\/g,'Ch').replace(\/\\bC&ag\\b\/gi,'C&AG').replace(\/\\bRti\\b\/g,'RTI');\r\n}\r\nconst chShort = c => { const k=chKey(c);\r\n  return k.startsWith('CH') ? 'Ch '+k.slice(2) : k.startsWith('APP') ? 'Appx '+k.slice(3) : titleCase(c).slice(0,22); };\r\nconst chBrief = c => { const m=String(c).match(\/^\\s*(?:CH|CHAPTER)\\s*(\\d+)\\s*:\\s*(.+)$\/i);\r\n  const cap=t=>t.length>40?t.slice(0,38).trim()+'\\u2026':t;\r\n  return m ? 'Ch '+m[1]+': '+cap(titleCase(m[2])) : cap(titleCase(String(c))); };\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   4. EXAM WEIGHT \u2014 counted, not declared\r\n   A chapter's weight is its share of the PYQ bank. Nothing is set by\r\n   hand, so adding a year of papers re-weights the whole page. If there\r\n   are no PYQs at all, the page falls back to the concept bank's shape\r\n   and stops calling it exam weight.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst W = (function(){\r\n  const pyqCount={};\r\n  CHAPTERS.forEach(c=>{ pyqCount[c]=inCh(c).length; });\r\n  const totalPyq = QS.length, weights={};\r\n  CHAPTERS.forEach(c=>weights[c]= totalPyq?pyqCount[c]\/totalPyq:0);\r\n  return {weights, pyqCount, totalPyq, untested:[], measured: totalPyq>0};\r\n})();\r\nconst weightOf = c => W.weights[c] || 0;\r\nconst pctLabel = x => { const v=(x||0)*100; if(!(v>0)) return '0%';\r\n  return (v<10 ? Math.round(v*10)\/10 : Math.round(v)) + '%'; };\r\n\r\n\/* wording \u2014 weights are counted from real papers here, so the exam\r\n   language is accurate; it softens on its own if no PYQs are loaded *\/\r\nconst WT = W.measured;\r\nconst T = {\r\n  ofPaper   : WT ? 'of the exam'          : 'of this bank',\r\n  onScreen  : WT ? 'Exam weight on screen': 'Share on screen',\r\n  colWeight : WT ? 'Exam weight'          : 'Share of bank',\r\n  covered   : WT ? 'Paper weight touched' : 'Bank covered',\r\n  projected : WT ? 'Projected paper score': 'Projected score',\r\n  leakHead  : WT ? 'Where your marks are leaking' : 'Where you are losing the most',\r\n  leakUnit  : WT ? 'marks \/100'           : 'points \/100',\r\n  leakWord  : WT ? 'marks'                : 'points',\r\n  readyDef  : WT ? 'Readiness = \\u03a3 (exam weight \\u00d7 mastery)' : 'Readiness = \\u03a3 (share of the bank \\u00d7 mastery)',\r\n  paperOut  : WT ? 'the paper would come out near' : 'you would score around'\r\n};\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   6. PROGRESS (localStorage, one record per quizId)\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst SCHEMA = 1;\r\nconst KEY = 'pe_chapterdrill_' + CFG.quizId;\r\nfunction blank(){ return { schema:SCHEMA, stats:{}, weak:[], flags:[], log:[], queue:[], queueLabel:'', queueKind:'', lastUid:null }; }\r\nlet P = (function(){\r\n  const p = blank();\r\n  try{\r\n    const s = localStorage.getItem(KEY);\r\n    if(s){ const j=JSON.parse(s);\r\n      if(j && j.schema===SCHEMA) Object.assign(p, j);\r\n      else if(j) console.warn('[storage] older schema found; starting fresh.');\r\n    }\r\n  }catch(e){ console.warn('progress load failed', e); }\r\n  ['weak','flags','log','queue'].forEach(k=>{ if(!Array.isArray(p[k])) p[k]=[]; });\r\n  if(!p.stats) p.stats={};\r\n  return p;\r\n})();\r\nlet storageWarned=false;\r\nfunction save(){\r\n  try{\r\n    if(P.log.length>400) P.log = P.log.slice(-400);\r\n    localStorage.setItem(KEY, JSON.stringify(P));\r\n  }catch(e){\r\n    try{ P.log = P.log.slice(-80); localStorage.setItem(KEY, JSON.stringify(P)); }\r\n    catch(e2){ if(!storageWarned){ storageWarned=true; toast('Your browser is blocking saved progress \u2014 this sitting will not be remembered'); } }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\nfunction stat(u){ if(!P.stats[u]) P.stats[u]={correct:0,incorrect:0,last:null,lastOk:null}; return P.stats[u]; }\r\nconst flags = new Set(P.flags);\r\nconst weak  = new Set(P.weak);\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   7. SESSION STATE\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst S = { tab:'quiz', filter:'all', chapter:null, year:null, i:0, pick:null, nudge:false,\r\n            query:'', unattempted:false, ans:{}, order:[] };\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   8. FORMAT + TRAIT MODEL\r\n   SHAPE  = how the question is built (one per question)\r\n   TRAIT  = what it turns on (a question may carry several)\r\n   A shape gap is a reading habit; a trait gap is recall. Same number,\r\n   opposite remedy \u2014 so they are reported separately.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst SHAPES = [\r\n  { key:'match',  label:'Match the following (List-I \/ List-II)',\r\n    test:q => \/list\\s*-?\\s*i\\b\/i.test(q.question) },\r\n  { key:'multi',  label:'Multi-statement \/ how many are correct',\r\n    test:q => q.question.split(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/).filter(x=>\/^\\s*\\d+[.)]\/.test(x)).length>=2 },\r\n  { key:'direct', label:'Explanation', test:()=>true }  \/\/ catch-all\r\n];\r\nconst TRAITS = [\r\n  { key:'cite',      label:'Para, rule, article or article-number recall',\r\n    test:q => \/\\b(para|paragraph|rule|article|section|appendix|schedule|clause)\\s*[-\u2013]?\\s*\\d\/i.test(q.question+' '+q.options.join(' ')) },\r\n  { key:'period',    label:'Time limits and periods',\r\n    test:q => \/\\b\\d+\\s*(day|week|month|year|hour)s?\\b|\\b(one|two|three|four|five|six|seven|ten|fourteen|fifteen|twenty|twenty-five|thirty|forty-five|sixty|ninety)[\\s-](day|week|month|year)s?\\b\/i.test(q.options.join(' ')) },\r\n  { key:'money',     label:'Numbers, monetary limits and percentages',\r\n    test:q => \/\u20b9|\\bRs\\.?\\s*\\d|\\blakhs?\\b|\\bcrores?\\b|per\\s*cent|%|\\bone-(third|fourth|half|tenth)\\b\/i.test(q.options.join(' ')) },\r\n  { key:'authority', label:'Competent authority \/ level \/ who does what',\r\n    test:q => \/\\bwho\\b|\\bby whom\\b|\\bauthority\\b|\\brank of\\b|\\blevel of\\b|\\bnot below\\b|addressed to|shall be (signed|issued|approved|maintained|prepared|submitted)\/i.test(q.question+' '+q.options.join(' ')) },\r\n  { key:'negative',  label:'Negatively phrased (\u201cNOT correct\u201d, \u201cexcept\u201d)',\r\n    test:q => \/\\bnot correct\\b|\\bis incorrect\\b|\\bare not correct\\b|\\bexcept\\b|\\bdoes not\\b|\\bcannot\\b|\\bnot required\\b|\\bneed not\\b|\\bis\\\/are not\\b\/i.test(q.question) }\r\n];\r\nconst _shape = {};\r\nfunction shapeOf(q){ const u=uid(q); return _shape[u] || (_shape[u] = SHAPES.find(s=>s.test(q)) || SHAPES[SHAPES.length-1]); }\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   9. MODELS\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction smoothed(c,i){ const k=CFG.priorStrength, p0=CFG.priorAccuracy; return (c + k*p0)\/(c + i + k); }\r\nfunction expectedRate(c,i,coverage){ return smoothed(c,i)*coverage + CFG.priorAccuracy*(1-coverage); }\r\nfunction recall(st){\r\n  if(!st || !st.last || st.correct<2) return null;\r\n  const R=CFG.retention, reps=Math.max(1, st.correct - st.incorrect);\r\n  const stability = R.baseDays * Math.pow(R.growth, reps-1);\r\n  return Math.exp(-((Date.now()-st.last)\/86400000)\/stability);\r\n}\r\nfunction retentionIndex(){\r\n  let s=0,n=0; QS.forEach(q=>{ const r=recall(P.stats[uid(q)]); if(r!==null){s+=r;n++;} });\r\n  return n ? Math.round(s\/n*100) : null;\r\n}\r\nfunction chapterRows(){\r\n  return CHAPTERS.map(c=>{\r\n    const qs = inCh(c);\r\n    let att=0, ok=0, bad=0, mastSum=0;\r\n    const yrs = new Set();\r\n    qs.forEach(q=>{ const st=P.stats[uid(q)];\r\n      if(q.year!==undefined && q.year!=='') yrs.add(String(q.year));\r\n      if(st && (st.correct+st.incorrect)>0){ att++; ok+=st.correct; bad+=st.incorrect; }\r\n      mastSum += st ? Math.min(st.correct\/CFG.masteryThreshold,1) : 0; });\r\n    const count=qs.length;\r\n    const acc = (ok+bad) ? ok\/(ok+bad) : null;\r\n    const weight = weightOf(c), coverage = count?att\/count:0, mastery = count?mastSum\/count:0;\r\n    const expected = expectedRate(ok,bad,coverage);\r\n    const leak = weight*(1-expected);\r\n    const difficulty = acc===null ? 1 : (1.4 - 0.6*acc);\r\n    return { chapter:c, count, weight, att, ok, bad, years:yrs.size,\r\n             coverage, acc, mastery, expected, leak,\r\n             priority: weight*(1-mastery)*difficulty };\r\n  }).sort((a,b)=>b.weight-a.weight);\r\n}\r\nfunction readiness(){\r\n  const rows=chapterRows();\r\n  return {\r\n    score     : Math.round(rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.weight*r.mastery,0)*100),\r\n    projected : Math.round(rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.weight*r.expected,0)*100),\r\n    covered   : Math.round(rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.weight*r.coverage,0)*100),\r\n    touched   : Object.values(P.stats).some(s=>(s.correct+s.incorrect)>0),\r\n    rows\r\n  };\r\n}\r\nfunction masteredCount(){ return QS.filter(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)]; return s && s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold; }).length; }\r\nfunction formatRows(){\r\n  const acc={};\r\n  const ensure=(k,l,kind)=> acc[k] || (acc[k]={key:k,label:l,kind:kind,ok:0,bad:0,total:0,seen:0});\r\n  SHAPES.forEach(s=>ensure(s.key,s.label,'shape'));\r\n  TRAITS.forEach(t=>ensure(t.key,t.label,'trait'));\r\n  QS.forEach(q=>{\r\n    const s=P.stats[uid(q)], buckets=[acc[shapeOf(q).key]];\r\n    TRAITS.forEach(t=>{ if(t.test(q)) buckets.push(acc[t.key]); });\r\n    buckets.forEach(r=>{ r.total++; if(s && (s.correct+s.incorrect)>0){ r.seen++; r.ok+=s.correct; r.bad+=s.incorrect; } });\r\n  });\r\n  return Object.values(acc).map(r=>{ const n=r.ok+r.bad; r.attempts=n; r.acc = n? r.ok\/n : null; return r; })\r\n    .filter(r=>r.total>0);\r\n}\r\nfunction dueForRevision(){\r\n  const risk=CFG.retention.riskBelow;\r\n  return QS.map(q=>{\r\n    const st=P.stats[uid(q)], r=recall(st);\r\n    if(r===null || r>=risk) return null;\r\n    return { q, recall:r, days:Math.floor((Date.now()-st.last)\/86400000), urgency: weightOf(q.chapter)*(1-r) };\r\n  }).filter(Boolean).sort((a,b)=>b.urgency-a.urgency);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   10. SESSION PLANNER\r\n   Focused set \u2014 chapter time in proportion to the marks leaking out.\r\n   Mock paper  \u2014 ignores your history, mirrors the shape of the bank.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction gain(q){\r\n  const u=uid(q), st=P.stats[u], c=st?st.correct:0, i=st?st.incorrect:0;\r\n  const deficit = 1 - Math.min(c\/CFG.masteryThreshold, 1);\r\n  let urgency = 1 + 0.15*deficit;\r\n  if(weak.has(u)) urgency += 0.60;\r\n  const r = recall(st);\r\n  if(r!==null && r<CFG.retention.riskBelow) urgency += (1-r);\r\n  if(c+i===0) urgency += 0.15;\r\n  return weightOf(q.chapter)*(deficit+0.12)*urgency;\r\n}\r\nfunction allocate(rows,n,shareOf){\r\n  const total = rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+Math.max(0,shareOf(r)),0);\r\n  if(!(total>0)) return rows.map(r=>({r,slots:0}));\r\n  const out = rows.map(r=>{ const exact=n*Math.max(0,shareOf(r))\/total;\r\n    return {r, exact, slots:Math.min(Math.floor(exact), r.count)}; });\r\n  let left = n - out.reduce((a,x)=>a+x.slots,0);\r\n  out.slice().sort((a,b)=>(b.exact-b.slots)-(a.exact-a.slots))\r\n     .forEach(x=>{ if(left>0 && x.slots<x.r.count){ x.slots++; left--; } });\r\n  if(left>0) out.slice().sort((a,b)=>shareOf(b.r)-shareOf(a.r))\r\n     .forEach(x=>{ while(left>0 && x.slots<x.r.count){ x.slots++; left--; } });\r\n  return out;\r\n}\r\n\/* Fisher\u2013Yates, so the order of a sitting is never the order of the bank *\/\r\nfunction shuffle(a){\r\n  for(let i=a.length-1;i>0;i--){ const j=Math.floor(Math.random()*(i+1)); [a[i],a[j]]=[a[j],a[i]]; }\r\n  return a;\r\n}\r\n\/* Weighted sampling without replacement: a high score makes a question\r\n   likely, never certain. Two sittings built back to back therefore share\r\n   only part of their content instead of being identical. *\/\r\nfunction sampleWeighted(pool, n, scoreFn){\r\n  const items = pool.map(q=>({q, w:Math.max(scoreFn(q), 1e-9)}));\r\n  const out=[];\r\n  n = Math.min(n, items.length);\r\n  for(let k=0;k<n;k++){\r\n    let total=0; items.forEach(x=>total+=x.w);\r\n    let r=Math.random()*total, hit=items.length-1;\r\n    for(let i=0;i<items.length;i++){ r-=items[i].w; if(r<=0){ hit=i; break; } }\r\n    out.push(items[hit].q);\r\n    items.splice(hit,1);\r\n  }\r\n  return out;\r\n}\r\nfunction buildSession(kind){\r\n  const rows = chapterRows().filter(r=>r.count>0);\r\n  if(!rows.length) return 0;\r\n  const n = Math.min(kind==='mock'?CFG.mockSize:CFG.sessionSize, QS.length);\r\n  const share = kind==='focus' ? (r=>r.leak) : (r=>r.weight);\r\n  const alloc = allocate(rows, n, share);\r\n\r\n  \/\/ whatever you were given last time is pushed down, not banned\r\n  const last = new Set(P.queue||[]);\r\n  const fresh = u => last.has(u) ? 0.3 : 1;\r\n\r\n  const picked=[];\r\n  alloc.forEach(({r,slots})=>{\r\n    if(!slots) return;\r\n    const pool = inCh(r.chapter).slice();\r\n    if(kind==='mock'){\r\n      \/\/ the mock ignores how well you know a question and simply spreads\r\n      \/\/ itself over the bank, favouring what you have seen least\r\n      picked.push(...sampleWeighted(pool, slots, q=>{\r\n        const st=P.stats[uid(q)], seen=st?(st.correct+st.incorrect):0;\r\n        const stale=(st&&st.last) ? Math.min((Date.now()-st.last)\/(86400000*30),1) : 1;\r\n        return (1\/(1+seen*1.6) + 0.35*stale) * fresh(uid(q));\r\n      }));\r\n    } else {\r\n      picked.push(...sampleWeighted(pool, slots, q=>gain(q)*fresh(uid(q))));\r\n    }\r\n  });\r\n  shuffle(picked);\r\n  P.queue = picked.map(uid);\r\n  P.queueLabel = kind==='mock' ? 'Mixed paper' : 'Focused set';\r\n  P.queueKind = kind;\r\n  save();\r\n  return picked.length;\r\n}\r\nfunction startSession(kind){\r\n  const had = (P.queue||[]).length;\r\n  const n = buildSession(kind);\r\n  if(!n){ toast('Nothing to build a session from yet'); return; }\r\n  setTab('quiz'); setFilter('session');\r\n  S.ans = {};                                   \/\/ a new sitting starts clean\r\n  toast(P.queueLabel+' ready \u2014 '+n+' fresh questions'+(had?' (previous set replaced)':''), true);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   11. POOL \/ FILTERS\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction pool(){\r\n  let p = QS.slice();\r\n  if(S.filter==='chapter' && S.chapter) p = inCh(S.chapter).slice();\r\n  if(S.filter==='year' && S.year) p = inYear(S.year);\r\n  if(S.filter==='weak')    p = p.filter(q=>weak.has(uid(q)));\r\n  if(S.filter==='flagged') p = p.filter(q=>flags.has(uid(q)));\r\n  if(S.filter==='session') p = (P.queue||[]).map(u=>BY_UID.get(u)).filter(Boolean);\r\n  if(S.query){ const t=S.query.toLowerCase();\r\n    p = p.filter(q=>(q.question+' '+q.options.join(' ')+' '+q.explanation).toLowerCase().includes(t)); }\r\n  if(S.unattempted) p = p.filter(q=>S.ans[uid(q)]==null);\r\n  if(S.filter==='year') p.sort((a,b)=>(+a.id||0)-(+b.id||0));   \/\/ a paper keeps its printed order\r\n  return p;\r\n}\r\nfunction refreshWeak(){\r\n  weak.clear();\r\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)];\r\n    if(s && s.incorrect>=CFG.weakThreshold && s.correct<CFG.masteryThreshold) weak.add(uid(q)); });\r\n  P.weak=[...weak];\r\n}\r\nrefreshWeak();\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   12. STEM RENDERING (statements + List-I \/ List-II)\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst cleanStem = t => String(t).replace(\/^\\s*(?:Q|Question)\\s*\\.?\\s*\\d+\\s*[.):\\-]\\s*\/i,'').trim();\r\nconst QN = '<span class=\"qno\">Q.<\/span>';   \/\/ the marker printed before every stem\r\nfunction buildStem(raw){\r\n  const lines = raw.split(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/).map(s=>s.trim()).filter(Boolean);\r\n  const plain = s => s.replace(\/<\\\/?b>\/g,'').trim();\r\n  const isMatch = lines.some(l=>\/^List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*I\\b\/i.test(plain(l)));\r\n  const numbered = lines.filter(l=>\/^\\d+[.)]\\s\/.test(plain(l)));\r\n  if(isMatch) return matchCard(lines, plain);\r\n  if(numbered.length>=2) return stmtCard(lines, plain);\r\n  return plainCard(lines);\r\n}\r\n\/* a single-statement question gets the same sheet as the other two, so\r\n   every question on the page reads the same way *\/\r\nfunction plainCard(lines){\r\n  return '<div class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><div class=\"qsheet\">'\r\n    + lines.map((l,i)=>'<p class=\"'+(i===0?'lead':'close')+'\">'+(i===0?QN:'')+l+'<\/p>').join('')\r\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\r\n}\r\nfunction stmtCard(lines, plain){\r\n  const isN = l => \/^\\d+[.)]\\s\/.test(plain(l));\r\n  const first = lines.findIndex(isN);\r\n  let last=-1; lines.forEach((l,i)=>{ if(isN(l)) last=i; });\r\n  const head = lines.slice(0,first), tail = lines.slice(last+1);\r\n  const items = lines.slice(first,last+1).filter(isN).map(l=>plain(l).replace(\/^\\d+[.)]\\s*\/,''));\r\n  return '<div class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><div class=\"qsheet\">'\r\n    + head.map((l,i)=>'<p class=\"'+(i===0?'lead':'intro')+'\">'+(i===0?QN:'')+l+'<\/p>').join('')\r\n    + '<ol class=\"stmts\">'+items.map(t=>'<li><span>'+t+'<\/span><\/li>').join('')+'<\/ol>'\r\n    + tail.map(l=>'<p class=\"close\">'+l+'<\/p>').join('')\r\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\r\n}\r\n\/* Match-the-following comes in every shape: one item per line, or the\r\n   whole list run together on a single line separated by semicolons or\r\n   commas, or nothing at all between items. All three are split here so\r\n   the two columns always come out as proper rows. *\/\r\nfunction splitItems(body, kind){\r\n  const lab = kind==='alpha' ? '[A-Fa-f]' : '\\\\d{1,2}';\r\n  const mk  = re => new RegExp(re.replace('LAB', lab), 'g');\r\n  let parts = body.split(mk('\\\\s*[;\\\\n]\\\\s*(?=LAB\\\\s*[.):]\\\\s)'));\r\n  if(parts.length < 2) parts = body.split(mk('\\\\s*,\\\\s*(?=LAB\\\\s*[.):]\\\\s)'));\r\n  if(parts.length < 2) parts = body.split(mk('(?<=\\\\S)\\\\s+(?=LAB\\\\s*[.)]\\\\s)'));\r\n  const re = new RegExp('^\\\\s*('+lab+')\\\\s*[.):]\\\\s*(.+?)\\\\s*[;,.]?\\\\s*$');\r\n  return parts.map(p=>{ const m=String(p).match(re);\r\n    return m ? {k:m[1].toUpperCase(), v:m[2]} : null; }).filter(Boolean);\r\n}\r\nfunction matchCard(lines, plain){\r\n  \/\/ keep line breaks, normalise only runs of spaces\r\n  const text = lines.map(plain).join('\\n').replace(\/[ \\t]+\/g,' ').trim();\r\n\r\n  \/* The opening line almost always names both lists \u2014 \"Match List-I with\r\n     List-II and select\u2026\" \u2014 so the first occurrence of each is the wrong\r\n     one. Take the last List-I that actually has items after it, and the\r\n     first List-II following that. *\/\r\n  const at = re => [...text.matchAll(re)].map(m=>m.index);\r\n  const posI  = at(\/List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*I\\b\/gi);\r\n  const posII = at(\/List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*II\\b\/gi);\r\n  const hasItems = (str,kind) =>\r\n    (kind==='alpha' ? \/[A-F]\\s*[.):]\\s\/ : \/\\d{1,2}\\s*[.):]\\s\/).test(str);\r\n  let iI=-1, iII=-1;\r\n  for(let k=posI.length-1;k>=0 && iI<0;k--){\r\n    const ii = posII.find(x=>x>posI[k]);\r\n    if(ii===undefined) continue;\r\n    if(hasItems(text.slice(posI[k],ii),'alpha') && hasItems(text.slice(ii),'num')){ iI=posI[k]; iII=ii; }\r\n  }\r\n  if(iI<0 || iII<0) return plainCard(lines);\r\n\r\n  const head  = text.slice(0, iI).trim();\r\n  let segI    = text.slice(iI, iII).trim();\r\n  let segII   = text.slice(iII).trim();\r\n\r\n  \/\/ anything after the lists \u2014 \"Code :\", \"Select the correct answer\u2026\"\r\n  let tail = '';\r\n  const t = segII.match(\/(?:\\n|\\s)(Code\\s*[:.]?\\s*$|(?:Select|Choose)\\b[\\s\\S]*$)\/i);\r\n  if(t){ tail = t[1].trim(); segII = segII.slice(0, t.index).trim(); }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ column captions: \"List-I (Purpose of Leave) :\"\r\n  const capRe = \/^List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*I{1,2}\\b\\s*(\\([^)]*\\))?\\s*[:.]?\\s*\/i;\r\n  const hI  = segI.match(capRe),  hII = segII.match(capRe);\r\n  const capI  = hI  ? hI[0].replace(\/[\\s:.]+$\/,'')  : 'List-I';\r\n  const capII = hII ? hII[0].replace(\/[\\s:.]+$\/,'') : 'List-II';\r\n  const rowsI  = splitItems(hI  ? segI.slice(hI[0].length)  : segI,  'alpha');\r\n  const rowsII = splitItems(hII ? segII.slice(hII[0].length): segII, 'num');\r\n  if(!rowsI.length || !rowsII.length) return plainCard(lines);\r\n\r\n  const cell = x => '<li><b>'+x.k+'.<\/b><span>'+x.v+'<\/span><\/li>';\r\n  const headLines = head ? head.split('\\n').filter(Boolean) : [];\r\n  return '<div class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><div class=\"qsheet\">'\r\n    + (headLines.length\r\n        ? headLines.map((l,i)=>'<p class=\"'+(i===0?'lead':'intro')+'\">'+(i===0?QN:'')+l+'<\/p>').join('')\r\n        : '<p class=\"lead\">'+QN+'Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:<\/p>')\r\n    + '<div class=\"lists\">'\r\n      + '<div class=\"lcol\"><h5>'+capI+'<\/h5><ul>'+rowsI.map(cell).join('')+'<\/ul><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"lcol\"><h5>'+capII+'<\/h5><ul>'+rowsII.map(cell).join('')+'<\/ul><\/div>'\r\n    + '<\/div>'\r\n    + '<p class=\"close\">'+(tail || 'Select the correct answer using the code given below:')+'<\/p>'\r\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   13. UI HELPERS\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst $ = id => document.getElementById(id);\r\nlet toastTimer=null;\r\nfunction toast(msg, ok){\r\n  const t=$('toast'); t.innerHTML=msg; t.className='toast show'+(ok?' ok':'');\r\n  clearTimeout(toastTimer); toastTimer=setTimeout(()=>t.className='toast',3000);\r\n}\r\nconst SRC_ON = !!(CFG.sourceUrl && CFG.sourceUrl.trim());\r\nconst stripHtml = s => String(s).replace(\/<[^>]+>\/g,'').replace(\/\\s+\/g,' ').trim();\r\nconst preview = (q,n) => { const t=stripHtml(q.question); return t.length>n ? t.slice(0,n)+'\u2026' : t; };\r\nfunction stars(u){\r\n  const s=P.stats[u]; if(!s || (s.correct+s.incorrect)===0) return null;\r\n  return { filled: Math.min(s.correct, CFG.masteryThreshold), c:s.correct, i:s.incorrect };\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   14. RENDER \u2014 PRACTICE\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction renderYears(){\r\n  const panel=$('yearPanel');\r\n  const on = S.filter==='year';\r\n  panel.classList.toggle('hide', !on);\r\n  if(!on) return;\r\n  if(!S.year || !YEARS.some(y=>String(y)===String(S.year))) S.year = YEARS[YEARS.length-1];\r\n  $('yearList').innerHTML = YEARS.map(y=>{\r\n    const qs=inYear(y);\r\n    const done=qs.filter(q=>{ const st=P.stats[uid(q)]; return st && (st.correct+st.incorrect)>0; }).length;\r\n    const ok=qs.reduce((a,q)=>{ const st=P.stats[uid(q)]; return a+(st?st.correct:0); },0);\r\n    const bad=qs.reduce((a,q)=>{ const st=P.stats[uid(q)]; return a+(st?st.incorrect:0); },0);\r\n    const acc=(ok+bad)?Math.round(ok\/(ok+bad)*100):null;\r\n    return '<button class=\"ychip\" aria-pressed=\"'+(String(y)===String(S.year))+'\" data-year=\"'+encodeURIComponent(y)+'\"'\r\n      + ' title=\"'+qs.length+' questions'+(acc===null?'':' \u00b7 '+acc+'% accurate so far')+'\">'\r\n      + '<span class=\"yy\">'+y+'<\/span>'\r\n      + '<span class=\"yn\">'+qs.length+' Q'+(acc===null?'':' \u00b7 '+acc+'%')+'<\/span>'\r\n      + '<span class=\"ybar\"><i style=\"width:'+(qs.length?done\/qs.length*100:0)+'%\"><\/i><\/span><\/button>';\r\n  }).join('');\r\n  const qs=inYear(S.year);\r\n  const seen=qs.filter(q=>{ const st=P.stats[uid(q)]; return st && (st.correct+st.incorrect)>0; }).length;\r\n  $('yearMeta').textContent = S.year+' \u2014 '+qs.length+' questions \u00b7 '+Math.round(qs.length?seen\/qs.length*100:0)+'% attempted';\r\n}\r\nfunction renderCtx(){\r\n  renderYears();\r\n  const panel=$('chapPanel');\r\n  const on = S.filter==='chapter';\r\n  panel.classList.toggle('hide', !on);\r\n  if(!on) return;\r\n  const rows = chapterRows().filter(r=>r.count>0).sort(byChapterOrder);\r\n  if(!S.chapter || !rows.some(r=>r.chapter===S.chapter)) S.chapter = rows[0] ? rows[0].chapter : null;\r\n  $('chapList').innerHTML = rows.map((r,n)=>{\r\n    const sel = r.chapter===S.chapter;\r\n    const mastered = inCh(r.chapter).filter(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)]; return s && s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold; }).length;\r\n    const title = r.chapter+(WT?' \u2014 '+pctLabel(r.weight)+' of the exam':'')\r\n                + ' \u00b7 '+r.count+' question'+(r.count===1?'':'s')+' across '+r.years+' paper'+(r.years===1?'':'s')+' \u00b7 '\r\n                + Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'% seen'+(mastered?' \u00b7 '+mastered+' mastered':'');\r\n    return '<button class=\"chapchip\" aria-pressed=\"'+sel+'\" data-ch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.chapter)+'\" title=\"'+title+'\">'\r\n      + '<span class=\"no\">'+(n+1)+'<\/span>'\r\n      + '<span class=\"cn\">'+titleCase(r.chapter)+'<\/span>'\r\n      + (WT ? '<span class=\"cw\">'+pctLabel(r.weight)+' of exam<\/span>' : '')\r\n      + (mastered===r.count ? '<span class=\"done\">\u2713<\/span>' : '')\r\n      + '<span class=\"cc yrs\" title=\"papers this chapter has appeared in\">'+r.years+' pp<\/span>'\r\n      + '<span class=\"cc con\" title=\"questions\">'+r.count+'<\/span><\/button>';\r\n  }).join('');\r\n  const r = rows.find(x=>x.chapter===S.chapter);\r\n  $('ctxMeta').textContent = r\r\n    ? Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'% seen \u00b7 '+(r.acc===null?'not attempted':Math.round(r.acc*100)+'% accurate')\r\n    : '';\r\n}\r\nfunction render(){\r\n  renderCtx();\r\n  const p = pool();\r\n  const ec = $('emptyCard');\r\n  if(!p.length){\r\n    $('qCard').classList.add('hide'); ec.classList.remove('hide');\r\n    $('emptyBody').innerHTML =\r\n      S.query    ? '<b>No match for \u201c'+S.query+'\u201d<\/b>Try a rule or paragraph number, or a phrase like \u201cpart file\u201d.' :\r\n      S.filter==='weak'    ? '<b>No weak areas yet<\/b>Anything you answer wrong lands here until you have it right '+CFG.masteryThreshold+' times.' :\r\n      S.filter==='flagged' ? '<b>Nothing flagged yet<\/b>Press <b style=\"display:inline\">Flag for review<\/b> under any question and it collects here.' :\r\n      S.filter==='session' ? '<b>No session built yet<\/b>Open My Performance and build a Focused set or a Mock paper.' :\r\n      S.unattempted        ? '<b>You have attempted everything here<\/b>Turn off \u201cUnattempted only\u201d to revise what you have done.' :\r\n                             '<b>No questions in this selection<\/b>Clear the search or pick another chapter.';\r\n    renderNav(p); rail(p); return;\r\n  }\r\n  ec.classList.add('hide'); $('qCard').classList.remove('hide');\r\n  if(S.i>=p.length) S.i=0; if(S.i<0) S.i=p.length-1;\r\n\r\n  const q=p[S.i], u=uid(q), given=S.ans[u];\r\n  $('qCount').textContent = 'Question '+(S.i+1)+' of '+p.length;\r\n  $('qChap').textContent  = chBrief(q.chapter);\r\n  const src=$('qSrc');\r\n  src.className = 'badge-src pyq';\r\n  src.textContent = q.year ? 'PYQ '+q.year : 'PYQ';\r\n  const tags=[];\r\n  if(weak.has(u))  tags.push('<span class=\"qtag weak\">\u26a0\ufe0f Weak<\/span>');\r\n  if(flags.has(u)) tags.push('<span class=\"qtag flag\">\ud83d\udd16 Flagged<\/span>');\r\n  const sMast=P.stats[u];\r\n  if(sMast && sMast.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold) tags.push('<span class=\"qtag done\">\u2713 Mastered<\/span>');\r\n  $('qTags').innerHTML = tags.join('');\r\n  const st = stars(u), badge=$('qMastery');\r\n  if(!st){ badge.textContent='Not seen yet'; badge.className='badge-m'; }\r\n  else {\r\n    const done = st.c>=CFG.masteryThreshold;\r\n    badge.textContent = '\u2605'.repeat(st.filled)+'\u2606'.repeat(Math.max(0,CFG.masteryThreshold-st.filled))+'  '+st.c+'\u2713 '+st.i+'\u2717';\r\n    badge.className = 'badge-m'+(weak.has(u)&&!done?' weak':'');\r\n  }\r\n  $('qStem').outerHTML = buildStem(cleanStem(q.question));\r\n\r\n  const box=$('qOpts'); box.innerHTML='';\r\n  q.options.forEach((o,k)=>{\r\n    const b=document.createElement('button');\r\n    b.className='opt';\r\n    b.innerHTML='<span class=\"key\">('+L[k].toLowerCase()+')<\/span><span class=\"txt\">'+o+'<\/span>';\r\n    if(given!=null){\r\n      b.disabled=true;\r\n      if(k===q.correct){ b.classList.add('right'); b.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend','<span class=\"mark r\">Correct<\/span>'); }\r\n      else if(k===given){ b.classList.add('wrong'); b.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend','<span class=\"mark w\">Your answer<\/span>'); }\r\n    } else if(S.pick===k) b.classList.add('sel');\r\n    b.onclick=()=>{ if(given!=null) return; S.pick=k; S.nudge=false; render(); };\r\n    box.appendChild(b);\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  const bc=$('btnCheck');\r\n  bc.disabled = given!=null;\r\n  bc.textContent = given!=null ? 'Answered \u2713' : 'Check answer';\r\n  $('pickHint').classList.toggle('hide', !(given==null && S.pick==null && S.nudge));\r\n  const on = flags.has(u);\r\n  $('btnFlag').setAttribute('aria-pressed', on);\r\n  $('flagIco').textContent = on ? '\ud83d\udd16' : '\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f';\r\n  $('flagTxt').textContent = on ? 'Flagged' : 'Flag for review';\r\n\r\n  const res=$('result');\r\n  res.classList.toggle('hide', given==null);\r\n  if(given!=null){\r\n    const ok = given===q.correct, v=$('verdict');\r\n    v.className='verdict '+(ok?'r':'w');\r\n    v.innerHTML = ok ? '\u2713 Correct \u2014 '+L[q.correct]+' is right'\r\n                     : '\u2715 Not quite \u2014 the answer is '+L[q.correct];\r\n    $('explBody').innerHTML = q.explanation;\r\n  }\r\n  renderNav(p); rail(p);\r\n}\r\nlet navOpen=true;\r\nfunction renderNav(p){\r\n  const card=$('navCard');\r\n  if(!p.length){ card.classList.add('hide'); return; }\r\n  card.classList.remove('hide');\r\n  const done=p.filter(q=>S.ans[uid(q)]!=null).length;\r\n  $('navTitle').textContent = 'Navigator \u2014 '+done+' of '+p.length+' attempted';\r\n  const g=$('navGrid');\r\n  g.classList.toggle('hide', !navOpen);\r\n  $('navToggle').textContent = navOpen ? 'Hide' : 'Show';\r\n  if(!navOpen) return;\r\n  g.innerHTML='';\r\n  p.forEach((q,k)=>{\r\n    const u=uid(q), a=S.ans[u], s=P.stats[u];\r\n    const b=document.createElement('button');\r\n    b.className='nq'+(k===S.i?' cur':(a!=null?(a===q.correct?' r':' w'):''))\r\n              + (s && s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold ? ' mastered':'');\r\n    b.innerHTML=(k+1)+(flags.has(u)?'<span class=\"fl\">\ud83d\udd16<\/span>':'');\r\n    b.title = 'Q'+(k+1)+' \u00b7 '+chBrief(q.chapter)+(a!=null?(a===q.correct?' \u00b7 correct':' \u00b7 wrong'):'');\r\n    b.setAttribute('aria-label','Go to question '+(k+1));\r\n    b.onclick=()=>{ S.i=k; S.pick=null; render(); };\r\n    g.appendChild(b);\r\n  });\r\n}\r\nfunction rail(p){\r\n  const seen=Object.keys(S.ans).length;\r\n  const right=Object.entries(S.ans).filter(([u,a])=>BY_UID.get(u) && BY_UID.get(u).correct===a).length;\r\n  $('sPct').textContent = seen ? Math.round(right\/seen*100)+'%' : '\u2014';\r\n  $('sFrac').textContent = right+' of '+seen+' correct';\r\n  $('sBar').style.width = (seen?right\/seen*100:0)+'%';\r\n  $('sSeen').textContent = seen+' attempted';\r\n  $('sLeft').textContent = Math.max(0,p.length-S.i-1)+' left here';\r\n  const st=$('streak'); st.innerHTML='';\r\n  Object.entries(S.ans).slice(-10).forEach(([u,a])=>{\r\n    const q=BY_UID.get(u); if(!q) return;\r\n    const el=document.createElement('i'); el.className = q.correct===a?'r':'w'; st.appendChild(el);\r\n  });\r\n  const chs=[...new Set(p.map(q=>q.chapter))];\r\n  const w=chs.reduce((s,c)=>s+weightOf(c),0)*100;\r\n  $('wPct').textContent = w.toFixed(1)+'%';\r\n  $('wNote').textContent = p.length+' questions on screen, from '+chs.length+' '+(chs.length===1?'chapter':'chapters')+'. '\r\n    + (w>=35 ? 'That is a big slice in one sitting \u2014 worth clearing properly.' : 'Useful for topping up once the bigger chapters are secure.');\r\n  hdr();\r\n}\r\nfunction hdr(){\r\n  $('hQ').textContent = QS.length;\r\n  $('hCh').textContent = CHAPTERS.length;\r\n  $('hYr').textContent = YEARS.length;\r\n  $('hMastered').textContent = (QS.length ? Math.round(masteredCount()\/QS.length*100) : 0)+'%';\r\n  const r=readiness();\r\n  $('hReady').textContent = r.touched ? r.score+'%' : '\u2014';\r\n  $('fAll').textContent  = QS.length;\r\n  $('fYear').textContent = YEARS.length;\r\n  $('fWeak').textContent = weak.size;\r\n  $('fFlag').textContent = flags.size;\r\n  $('fSess').textContent = (P.queue||[]).length;\r\n  $('pillSession').classList.toggle('hide', !(P.queue||[]).length);\r\n  $('sessLabel').textContent = P.queueLabel || 'My session';\r\n  $('perfPill').classList.toggle('hide', weak.size<5);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   15. RENDER \u2014 PERFORMANCE\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction renderPerf(){\r\n  const body=$('perfBody');\r\n  const seen=Object.values(P.stats).filter(s=>(s.correct+s.incorrect)>0).length;\r\n  $('perfCount').textContent = seen+' questions attempted';\r\n\r\n  if(!QS.length){ body.innerHTML='<div class=\"empty\"><b>No questions loaded<\/b>Paste your bank into <code>chapterQuestions<\/code> and reload.<\/div>'; return; }\r\n  const R = readiness();\r\n  if(!R.touched){\r\n    body.innerHTML = '<div class=\"empty\"><b>Your coach is waiting for data<\/b>Answer a few questions in Practice. '\r\n      + 'The coach then scores your readiness against the weightage of each chapter, works out where marks are leaking, and builds the next sitting for you.<\/div>'\r\n      + plannerHTML(true);\r\n    bindPerf(); return;\r\n  }\r\n  const rows=R.rows, byPriority=[...rows].sort((a,b)=>b.priority-a.priority);\r\n  const allC=Object.values(P.stats).reduce((a,s)=>a+s.correct,0);\r\n  const allI=Object.values(P.stats).reduce((a,s)=>a+s.incorrect,0);\r\n  const accAll = (allC+allI) ? Math.round(allC\/(allC+allI)*100) : 0;\r\n  const recent = P.log.slice(-20);\r\n  const accRec = recent.length ? Math.round(recent.filter(x=>x.ok).length\/recent.length*100) : 0;\r\n  const trend = recent.length>=5 ? (accRec>accAll?' \u2197':(accRec<accAll?' \u2198':'')) : '';\r\n  const ret = retentionIndex();\r\n  const due = dueForRevision();\r\n  const band=(v,hi,mid)=> v>=hi?'var(--ok)': v>=mid?'#8A6206':'var(--bad)';\r\n\r\n  const verdict = R.score>=80 ? '<b>In good shape.<\/b> Hold it there with the revision queue and weak-area drills.'\r\n    : R.score>=60 ? '<b>Strong base.<\/b> Close the gaps in the biggest chapters below to cross 80.'\r\n    : R.score>=35 ? '<b>Building up.<\/b> Work the plan top-down \u2014 it is ordered by what will move this number fastest.'\r\n    : '<b>Early stage.<\/b> Start at the top of the plan; the biggest chapters move this number fastest.';\r\n\r\n  body.innerHTML =\r\n  '<div class=\"hero2\">'\r\n  + '<div class=\"ring-card\"><div class=\"ring\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Readiness '+R.score+' out of 100\">'\r\n    + '<svg width=\"150\" height=\"150\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle class=\"bg\" cx=\"75\" cy=\"75\" r=\"64\"><\/circle>'\r\n    + '<circle class=\"fg\" cx=\"75\" cy=\"75\" r=\"64\" stroke-dasharray=\"402\" stroke-dashoffset=\"'+(402-402*R.score\/100)+'\"><\/circle><\/svg>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"ring-txt\"><b>'+R.score+'<\/b><span>Readiness \/ 100<\/span><\/div><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"verdict2\">'+verdict+'<br><span style=\"font-size:11.6px;opacity:.85\">'+T.readyDef+' across '+CHAPTERS.length\r\n    + ' chapters. On today\\u2019s form '+T.paperOut+' <b>'+R.projected+'%<\/b>.<\/span><\/div><\/div>'\r\n  + '<div class=\"coach\"><h4>\ud83e\udded What to do next<\/h4><div id=\"recoList\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n  + '<\/div>'\r\n\r\n  + plannerHTML(false)\r\n\r\n  + '<div class=\"kpis\">'\r\n    + kpi(R.projected+'%',T.projected, band(R.projected,65,45))\r\n    + kpi(R.covered+'%',T.covered, band(R.covered,70,40))\r\n    + kpi(ret===null?'\u2014':ret+'%','Retention now', ret===null?'var(--slate)':band(ret,75,55))\r\n    + kpi(accAll+'%','Lifetime accuracy', band(accAll,70,45))\r\n    + kpi(accRec+'%'+trend,'Last 20 attempts', band(accRec,70,45))\r\n    + kpi(masteredCount(),'Mastered ('+CFG.masteryThreshold+'\u2713)','var(--ok)')\r\n    + kpi(weak.size,'Weak questions','var(--bad)')\r\n    + kpi(flags.size,'Flagged','#8A6206')\r\n  + '<\/div>'\r\n\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">02<\/span>Chapter performance vs '+(WT?'exam weight':'bank share')+'<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p>Every figure counted from the papers themselves. \\u201cAsked in\\u201d is how many exam cycles the chapter has appeared in \\u2014 a chapter in most papers is a near-certainty on the next one.<\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">priority = high weight \\u00d7 low accuracy<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"tblwrap\" style=\"border:0;border-radius:0\"><table class=\"perf-t\"><thead><tr>'\r\n    + '<th>Chapter<\/th><th>'+T.colWeight+'<\/th><th>Asked in<\/th><th>Covered<\/th><th>Accuracy<\/th>'\r\n    + '<th>Expected<\/th><th>Status<\/th><th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>'\r\n    + byPriority.map(r=>{\r\n        const a = r.acc===null?null:Math.round(r.acc*100);\r\n        const tag = r.count===0 ? '<span class=\"tag na\">No questions<\/span>'\r\n          : r.acc===null ? '<span class=\"tag na\">Not started<\/span>'\r\n          : a<45 ? '<span class=\"tag hot\">Critical<\/span>'\r\n          : a<65 ? '<span class=\"tag warm\">Needs work<\/span>'\r\n          : a<85 ? '<span class=\"tag ok\">On track<\/span>'\r\n                 : '<span class=\"tag good\">Strong<\/span>';\r\n        const bar = a===null ? '<span class=\"nil\">\\u2014<\/span>'\r\n          : '<div class=\"minibar\"><i style=\"width:'+Math.max(a,4)+'%;background:'\r\n            + (a<45?'var(--bad)':a<65?'var(--gold)':'var(--ok)')+'\"><\/i><\/div>'\r\n            + '<span class=\"miniv\" style=\"color:'+(a<45?'var(--bad)':a<65?'#8A6206':'var(--ok)')+'\">'+a+'%<\/span>';\r\n        const reg = YEARS.length ? Math.round(r.years\/YEARS.length*100) : 0;\r\n        return '<tr><td class=\"lft\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/td>'\r\n          + '<td><b class=\"wt\">'+pctLabel(r.weight)+'<\/b><span class=\"wsub\">('+r.count+' Q'+(r.count===1?'':'s')+')<\/span><\/td>'\r\n          + '<td><b>'+r.years+'<\/b><span class=\"sub\">of '+YEARS.length+' papers'+(reg>=70?' \\u00b7 regular':'')+'<\/span><\/td>'\r\n          + '<td>'+r.att+'\/'+r.count+'<span class=\"sub\">'+Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'% seen<\/span><\/td>'\r\n          + '<td>'+bar+'<\/td>'\r\n          + '<td><b>'+Math.round(r.expected*100)+'%<\/b><span class=\"sub\">\\u2248 '+(r.leak*100).toFixed(1)+' '+T.leakWord+' lost<\/span><\/td>'\r\n          + '<td>'+tag+'<\/td>'\r\n          + '<td><button class=\"mini-go pyq\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.chapter)+'\">Drill<\/button><\/td><\/tr>';\r\n      }).join('')\r\n    + '<\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">03<\/span>'+T.leakHead+'<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p id=\"leakNote\"><\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">'+rows.filter(r=>r.count>0).length+' chapters<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"leakBars\"><\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">04<\/span>How you handle each kind of question<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p id=\"fmtNote\"><\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">format beats topic when the gap is wide<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"subhead\"><h5>How the question is built<\/h5><span>one shape per question<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"shapeBars\"><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"subhead\"><h5>What the question turns on<\/h5><span>a question can sit in more than one \u2014 a time limit asked as a multi-statement code counts on both<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"traitBars\"><\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  + (YEARS.length>1 ? '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n      + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">05<\/span>Your score, paper by paper<\/h4>'\r\n      + '<p id=\"cycNote\"><\/p><\/div>'\r\n      + '<span class=\"sechint\">click a cycle to sit that paper<\/span><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"cycPerf\"><\/div><\/section>' : '')\r\n\r\n  + '<div class=\"split\">'\r\n    + '<div class=\"panel\"><h4 class=\"ph\"><span class=\"secno\">06<\/span> Revision queue \u2014 what is fading fastest<\/h4><div id=\"revQ\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"panel\"><h4 class=\"ph\"><span class=\"secno\">07<\/span> Mastery distribution<\/h4><div id=\"mastDist\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n  + '<\/div>'\r\n\r\n  + '<div class=\"danger\"><p><b>Danger zone.<\/b> This permanently erases your lifetime performance for this subject \u2014 mastery, weak areas, flags, accuracy history and the readiness score. Reset session on the Practice tab does <b>not<\/b> touch this.<\/p>'\r\n    + '<button class=\"dbtn\" id=\"btnWipe\">\ud83d\uddd1\ufe0f Reset my performance<\/button><\/div>';\r\n\r\n  renderRecos(byPriority, rows, due);\r\n  renderCyclePerf();\r\n  renderLeaks(rows);\r\n  renderFormats();\r\n  renderRevision(due);\r\n  renderMastery();\r\n  bindPerf();\r\n}\r\nfunction kpi(v,l,color){ return '<div class=\"kpi\"><b style=\"color:'+color+'\">'+v+'<\/b><span>'+l+'<\/span><\/div>'; }\r\nfunction plannerHTML(empty){\r\n  const rows=chapterRows().filter(r=>r.count>0).sort((a,b)=>b.leak-a.leak).slice(0,2).map(r=>chShort(r.chapter));\r\n  return '<div class=\"planner\"><div><h4><span class=\"secno\">01<\/span>Plan the next sitting<\/h4><p id=\"plannerNote\">'\r\n    + (empty\r\n        ? 'The focused set gives each chapter time in proportion to what you are losing in it. The mixed paper draws across every cycle in the weight the papers themselves set, and \\u201cSit the paper\\u201d gives you one full exam cycle in order.'\r\n        : 'The focused set gives each chapter time in proportion to what is leaking out of it \\u2014 right now mostly <b>'+rows.join('<\/b> and <b>')+'<\/b>. The mixed paper draws across every cycle in the weight the papers themselves set. Neither is fixed: press again for a fresh set, and last time\\u2019s questions are pushed to the back of the queue.')\r\n    + '<\/p><\/div><div class=\"pbtns\">'\r\n    + '<button class=\"pbtn primary\" id=\"btnFocus\">\ud83e\udde9 Focused set \u2014 '+Math.min(CFG.sessionSize,QS.length)+' Q<\/button>'\r\n    + '<button class=\"pbtn\" id=\"btnMock\">\ud83d\udcc4 Mixed paper \u2014 '+Math.min(CFG.mockSize,QS.length)+' Q<\/button>'\r\n    + (YEARS.length ? '<button class=\"pbtn navy\" data-goyear=\"'+encodeURIComponent(YEARS[YEARS.length-1])+'\">\ud83d\udcdc Sit the '+YEARS[YEARS.length-1]+' paper<\/button>' : '')\r\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\r\n}\r\nfunction renderRecos(byPriority, rows, due){\r\n  const out=[], named=new Set();\r\n  byPriority.slice(0,3).forEach(r=>{\r\n    if(!r.count) return;\r\n    named.add(r.chapter);\r\n    const imp = WT ? '<b>'+pctLabel(r.weight)+'<\/b> of the exam ('+r.count+' question'+(r.count===1?'':'s')+')' : '';\r\n    if(r.acc===null)\r\n      out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83e\udded',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(imp?' is '+imp+' and':'')+' you have not touched it yet \u2014 start here.',ch:r.chapter});\r\n    else if(r.acc<0.6)\r\n      out.push({ic:'hot',icon:'\ud83d\udd25',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(imp?', '+imp+',':'')+' is running at only <b>'+Math.round(r.acc*100)+'%<\/b> \u2014 about <b>'+(r.leak*100).toFixed(1)+' '+T.leakWord+' per 100<\/b> are going here.',ch:r.chapter});\r\n    else if(r.coverage<0.6)\r\n      out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\ud83d\udd0d',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>: accuracy is fine at '+Math.round(r.acc*100)+'%, but you have seen only <b>'+Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'%<\/b> of a chapter'+(imp?' '+imp:'')+' \u2014 finish the set.',ch:r.chapter});\r\n    else\r\n      out.push({ic:'good',icon:'\u2705',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(imp?' ('+stripHtml(imp)+')':'')+' is in good shape at '+Math.round(r.acc*100)+'% \u2014 keep it warm through the revision queue.',ch:r.chapter});\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/\/ a format gap costs you in every chapter at once\r\n  const f = formatRows().filter(r=>r.acc!==null && r.attempts>=8).sort((a,b)=>a.acc-b.acc);\r\n  if(f.length>=2){\r\n    const worst=f[0], best=f[f.length-1];\r\n    if(best.acc-worst.acc >= 0.12){\r\n      const tail = worst.kind==='shape'\r\n        ? 'That is a reading habit, not a gap in the rules \u2014 and it costs you in every chapter at once.'\r\n        : 'That is recall, not comprehension \u2014 these have to be committed to memory, and they turn up everywhere.';\r\n      out.push({ic:'hot',icon:'\ud83e\udde9',txt:'<b>'+worst.label+'<\/b> questions are running at <b>'+Math.round(worst.acc*100)+'%<\/b> while you sit at '+Math.round(best.acc*100)+'% on '+best.label.toLowerCase()+'. '+tail});\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \/\/ big chapter you have exhausted\r\n  const done = rows.filter(r=>!named.has(r.chapter) && r.weight>=0.08 && r.coverage>=0.9 && r.count>0).sort((a,b)=>b.weight-a.weight)[0];\r\n  if(done) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83d\udcd8',txt:'You have worked nearly every question in <b>'+chBrief(done.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(WT?', '+pctLabel(done.weight)+' of the exam':'')+'. Practice has given what it can \u2014 go back to the source text for the rest.',ch:done.chapter});\r\n\r\n  \/\/ a chapter the paper keeps returning to\r\n  const regular = rows.filter(r=>r.years>=Math.ceil(YEARS.length*0.7) && r.count>=4 && (r.acc===null||r.acc<0.75))\r\n                      .sort((a,b)=>b.years-a.years)[0];\r\n  if(regular) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83d\udd01',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(regular.chapter)+'<\/b> has appeared in <b>'+regular.years+' of '+YEARS.length+' papers<\/b>. A chapter that regular is a near-certainty on the next one.',ch:regular.chapter});\r\n  if(weak.size>=3) out.push({ic:'hot',icon:'\u26a0\ufe0f',txt:'You have <b>'+weak.size+' weak questions<\/b> flagged, biggest chapter first. One Weak-areas sitting clears the backlog.',weak:true});\r\n  if(due.length) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83d\udd01',txt:'<b>'+due.length+' questions<\/b> you had mastered have decayed below <b>'+Math.round(CFG.retention.riskBelow*100)+'% recall<\/b>. Re-answering one costs seconds; re-learning it later costs an evening.'});\r\n  if(flags.size) out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\ud83d\udd16',txt:'<b>'+flags.size+'<\/b> question'+(flags.size>1?'s are':' is')+' flagged for review. Clear the flags before the next mock.',flag:true});\r\n\r\n  $('recoList').innerHTML = out.map(r=>{\r\n    let btn='';\r\n    if(r.ch)        btn='<button class=\"go\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.ch)+'\">Practice \u2192<\/button>';\r\n    else if(r.weak) btn='<button class=\"go\" data-goweak=\"1\">Start \u2192<\/button>';\r\n    else if(r.flag) btn='<button class=\"go\" data-goflag=\"1\">Open \u2192<\/button>';\r\n    return '<div class=\"reco\"><span class=\"ic '+r.ic+'\">'+r.icon+'<\/span><p>'+r.txt+'<\/p>'+btn+'<\/div>';\r\n  }).join('');\r\n}\r\n\/* how you actually score on each paper \u2014 the closest thing to a rehearsal *\/\r\nfunction renderCyclePerf(){\r\n  const box=$('cycPerf'); if(!box) return;\r\n  const rows = YEARS.map(y=>{\r\n    const qs=inYear(y);\r\n    let att=0, ok=0, bad=0;\r\n    qs.forEach(q=>{ const st=P.stats[uid(q)];\r\n      if(st && (st.correct+st.incorrect)>0){ att++; ok+=st.correct; bad+=st.incorrect; } });\r\n    return { y, count:qs.length, att, acc:(ok+bad)?ok\/(ok+bad):null, coverage:qs.length?att\/qs.length:0 };\r\n  });\r\n  const done = rows.filter(r=>r.acc!==null);\r\n  const note=$('cycNote');\r\n  if(note){\r\n    if(!done.length) note.innerHTML = 'Nothing attempted yet. Sit a paper and this becomes the closest thing to a rehearsal you have.';\r\n    else {\r\n      const best=done.slice().sort((a,b)=>b.acc-a.acc)[0], worst=done.slice().sort((a,b)=>a.acc-b.acc)[0];\r\n      note.innerHTML = done.length===1\r\n        ? 'One paper attempted so far \\u2014 <b>'+best.y+'<\/b> at <b>'+Math.round(best.acc*100)+'%<\/b>. Sit another to see whether that holds.'\r\n        : 'Your strongest paper is <b>'+best.y+'<\/b> at <b>'+Math.round(best.acc*100)+'%<\/b>, your weakest <b>'+worst.y\r\n          +'<\/b> at <b>'+Math.round(worst.acc*100)+'%<\/b>. A wide gap usually means the syllabus shifted, not that you did.';\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  box.innerHTML = rows.map(r=>{\r\n    const a = r.acc===null?null:Math.round(r.acc*100);\r\n    const col = a===null?'#CBD5E1' : a<45?'linear-gradient(90deg,#F08A92,var(--bad))'\r\n              : a<65?'linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold))'\r\n              : 'linear-gradient(90deg,#6EE7B7,var(--ok))';\r\n    return '<div class=\"lrow\" style=\"cursor:pointer\" data-goyear=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.y)+'\">'\r\n      + '<div><span class=\"lname\">'+r.y+'<\/span>'\r\n      + '<span class=\"lsub\">'+r.count+' question'+(r.count===1?'':'s')+' \\u00b7 '+r.att+' attempted ('+Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'%)<\/span><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"ltrack\"><div class=\"lfill\" style=\"width:'+(a===null?0:a)+'%;background:'+col+'\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"lval\">'+(a===null?'\\u2014':a+'%')+'<small>accuracy<\/small><\/div><\/div>';\r\n  }).join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction renderLeaks(rows){\r\n  const list = rows.filter(r=>r.count>0).sort((a,b)=>b.leak-a.leak);\r\n  if(!list.length) return;\r\n  const max = Math.max(0.0001, ...list.map(r=>r.leak));\r\n  const total = list.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.leak,0)*100;\r\n  const top3 = list.slice(0,3);\r\n  $('leakNote').innerHTML = 'On today\\u2019s form you would expect to drop about <b>'+Math.round(total)+' '+T.leakWord+' in every 100<\/b>. <b>'\r\n    + top3.map(r=>chShort(r.chapter)).join(', ')+'<\/b> alone account for <b>'+Math.round(top3.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.leak,0)*100)\r\n    + '<\/b> of them \u2014 the shortest route to a better score.';\r\n  $('leakBars').innerHTML = list.map(r=>{\r\n    const m=r.leak*100;\r\n    const col = m>=8?'linear-gradient(90deg,#F08A92,var(--bad))' : m>=4?'linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold))' : 'linear-gradient(90deg,#9DB6EE,var(--blue-700))';\r\n    return '<div class=\"lrow\"><div><span class=\"lname\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/span>'\r\n      + '<span class=\"lsub\">'+(WT?pctLabel(r.weight)+' of the exam \u00b7 ':'')+'you would clear about '+Math.round(r.expected*100)+'% today<\/span><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"ltrack\"><div class=\"lfill\" style=\"width:'+(r.leak\/max*100)+'%;background:'+col+'\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"lval\">'+m.toFixed(1)+'<small>'+T.leakUnit+'<\/small><\/div><\/div>';\r\n  }).join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction renderFormats(){\r\n  const rows=formatRows();\r\n  const bar = r => {\r\n    const p = r.acc===null?null:Math.round(r.acc*100);\r\n    const col = p===null?'#CBD5E1' : p<50?'linear-gradient(90deg,#F08A92,var(--bad))' : p<70?'linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold))' : 'linear-gradient(90deg,#6EE7B7,var(--ok))';\r\n    return '<div class=\"lrow\"><div><span class=\"lname\">'+r.label+'<\/span>'\r\n      + '<span class=\"lsub\">'+r.total+' in this bank \u00b7 '+r.seen+' attempted<\/span><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"ltrack\"><div class=\"lfill\" style=\"width:'+(p===null?0:p)+'%;background:'+col+'\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"lval\">'+(p===null?'\u2014':p+'%')+'<small>accuracy<\/small><\/div><\/div>';\r\n  };\r\n  const sorter=(a,b)=>(a.acc===null)-(b.acc===null)||(a.acc-b.acc);\r\n  $('shapeBars').innerHTML = rows.filter(r=>r.kind==='shape').sort(sorter).map(bar).join('');\r\n  $('traitBars').innerHTML = rows.filter(r=>r.kind==='trait').sort(sorter).map(bar).join('');\r\n  const rated = rows.filter(r=>r.acc!==null && r.attempts>=8).sort(sorter);\r\n  $('fmtNote').innerHTML = rated.length>=2\r\n    ? (()=>{ const w=rated[0], b=rated[rated.length-1], gap=Math.round((b.acc-w.acc)*100);\r\n        return gap>=12\r\n          ? 'Your weakest kind of question is <b>'+w.label+'<\/b> at <b>'+Math.round(w.acc*100)+'%<\/b>, against <b>'+Math.round(b.acc*100)+'%<\/b> on '+b.label.toLowerCase()+' \u2014 a <b>'+gap+'-point<\/b> gap. That is worth more than any single chapter, because these turn up in all of them.'\r\n          : 'You handle the different kinds of question evenly, within <b>'+gap+' points<\/b> of each other. Nothing to fix here \u2014 keep working the chapter list.'; })()\r\n    : 'Attempt a few more and this will show whether the format is costing you more than the topic.';\r\n}\r\nfunction renderRevision(due){\r\n  $('revQ').innerHTML = due.length\r\n    ? due.slice(0,8).map(d=>'<button class=\"rev\" data-gouid=\"'+encodeURIComponent(uid(d.q))+'\">'\r\n        + '<span class=\"n\">Q'+d.q.id+'<\/span><span class=\"t\">'+preview(d.q,58)+'<\/span>'\r\n        + '<span class=\"d\">'+Math.round(d.recall*100)+'% recall<\/span><\/button>').join('')\r\n    : '<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.6\">Nothing decaying right now. Mastered questions return here as their estimated recall drops below '+Math.round(CFG.retention.riskBelow*100)+'%.<\/p>';\r\n}\r\nfunction renderMastery(){\r\n  const b=[0,0,0,0];\r\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)];\r\n    if(!s || (s.correct+s.incorrect)===0) b[0]++;\r\n    else if(s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold) b[3]++;\r\n    else if(s.correct>=2) b[2]++;\r\n    else b[1]++; });\r\n  const labels=['Untouched','Learning (0\u20131 \u2713)','Almost there (2 \u2713)','Mastered ('+CFG.masteryThreshold+' \u2713+)'];\r\n  const cols=['#CBD5E1','var(--gold)','var(--blue-700)','var(--ok)'];\r\n  $('mastDist').innerHTML = b.map((n,i)=>\r\n    '<div class=\"lrow\" style=\"grid-template-columns:minmax(120px,1fr) 2fr 54px\"><span class=\"lname\">'+labels[i]+'<\/span>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"ltrack\"><div class=\"lfill\" style=\"width:'+(QS.length?n\/QS.length*100:0)+'%;background:'+cols[i]+'\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"lval\" style=\"font-size:15px\">'+n+'<\/div><\/div>').join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction bindPerf(){\r\n  const f=$('btnFocus'), m=$('btnMock'), w=$('btnWipe');\r\n  if(f) f.onclick=()=>startSession('focus');\r\n  if(m) m.onclick=()=>startSession('mock');\r\n  if(w) w.onclick=wipe;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   15b. EXAM ANALYTICS  \u2014  what the paper has actually asked\r\n   Everything here is counted from the PYQ bank's year field. Nothing is\r\n   estimated, so the tab hides itself when no years are recorded.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction examData(){\r\n  const years = YEARS.slice();\r\n  const rows = CHAPTERS.map(c=>{\r\n    const qs=inCh(c), byYear={};\r\n    years.forEach(y=>byYear[y]=0);\r\n    qs.forEach(q=>{ if(byYear[q.year]!==undefined) byYear[q.year]++; });\r\n    return { chapter:c, total:qs.length, byYear,\r\n             share: PYQ.length?qs.length\/PYQ.length:0 };\r\n  }).filter(r=>r.total>0).sort((a,b)=>b.total-a.total);\r\n  const perYear={}; years.forEach(y=>perYear[y]=PYQ.filter(q=>q.year===y).length);\r\n  return {years, rows, perYear, total:PYQ.length};\r\n}\r\nfunction renderExam(){\r\n  const d = examData(), body=$('examBody');\r\n  $('examCount').textContent = PYQ.length+' previous year questions';\r\n  if(!PYQ.length){ body.innerHTML='<div class=\"empty\"><b>No previous year questions loaded<\/b>Paste them into <code>pyqQuestions<\/code>, each with its year.<\/div>'; return; }\r\n\r\n  const hi = CFG.highYield, maxTot = Math.max(...d.rows.map(r=>r.total), 1);\r\n  const maxCell = Math.max(1, ...d.rows.map(r=>Math.max(...Object.values(r.byYear))));\r\n  const shade = n => { if(!n) return '';\r\n    const t=n\/maxCell;\r\n    return 'background:'+(t>0.8?'#D99B12':t>0.6?'#E8B44A':t>0.4?'#F2D28C':t>0.2?'#F9E9C4':'#FDF6E6')\r\n         + ';color:'+(t>0.6?'#3A2A02':'#8A6206')+';font-weight:800';\r\n  };\r\n  const maxYear = Math.max(...Object.values(d.perYear), 1);\r\n  const heavy = d.rows.filter(r=>r.total>=hi);\r\n  const heavyShare = heavy.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.share,0);\r\n  const spread = d.rows.filter(r=>Object.values(r.byYear).filter(Boolean).length >= Math.ceil(d.years.length*0.6));\r\n\r\n  body.innerHTML =\r\n  \/\/ ---------- 01 ranked ----------\r\n  '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">01<\/span>Ranked \u2014 questions per chapter<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p>'+(heavy.length\r\n        ? '<b>'+heavy.length+' chapter'+(heavy.length===1?'':'s')+'<\/b> carry '+hi+' questions or more and together hold <b>'\r\n          + Math.round(heavyShare*100)+'%<\/b> of every paper on record. They are shown in gold.'\r\n        : 'No chapter has reached '+hi+' questions yet, so nothing is marked high-yield.')+'<\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">gold = high-yield ('+hi+'+ Qs)<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"bars\">'\r\n    + d.rows.map((r,i)=>{\r\n        const gold = r.total>=hi;\r\n        return '<div class=\"rankrow\"><span class=\"rk\">'+(i+1)+'<\/span>'\r\n          + '<span class=\"rname'+(gold?' gold':'')+'\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+titleCase(r.chapter)+'<\/span>'\r\n          + '<div class=\"rtrack\"><i style=\"width:'+(r.total\/maxTot*100)+'%;background:'\r\n            + (gold?'linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold-lt),#D99B12)':'linear-gradient(90deg,#93B4F7,var(--blue-700))')+'\"><\/i><\/div>'\r\n          + '<span class=\"rv\">'+r.total+'<\/span><span class=\"rp\">'+(r.share*100).toFixed(1)+'%<\/span><\/div>';\r\n      }).join('')\r\n    + '<\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------- 02 heatmap ----------\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">02<\/span>Heatmap matrix \u2014 chapter \\u00d7 exam year<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p>'+(spread.length\r\n        ? '<b>'+spread.map(r=>chShort(r.chapter)).slice(0,3).join(', ')+'<\/b> appear in most papers on record \u2014 those are the standing favourites, not one-off spikes.'\r\n        : 'Read down a column to see what a single paper favoured; read across a row to see whether a chapter is a regular or a one-off.')+'<\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">darker gold = more questions<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"tblwrap\" style=\"border:0;border-radius:0\"><table class=\"perf-t hm\"><thead><tr>'\r\n    + '<th class=\"lft\">Chapter<\/th>'+d.years.map(y=>'<th>'+y+'<\/th>').join('')+'<th class=\"tot\">Total<\/th>'\r\n    + '<\/tr><\/thead><tbody>'\r\n    + d.rows.map(r=>'<tr><td class=\"lft\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+titleCase(r.chapter)+'<\/td>'\r\n        + d.years.map(y=>{ const n=r.byYear[y];\r\n            return '<td style=\"'+shade(n)+'\">'+(n||'<span class=\"nil\">\\u00b7<\/span>')+'<\/td>'; }).join('')\r\n        + '<td class=\"tot\">'+r.total+'<\/td><\/tr>').join('')\r\n    + '<\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td class=\"lft\">Total<\/td>'\r\n    + d.years.map(y=>'<td>'+d.perYear[y]+'<\/td>').join('')+'<td>'+d.total+'<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"hmlegend\"><span>Low<\/span>'\r\n    + ['#FDF6E6','#F9E9C4','#F2D28C','#E8B44A','#D99B12'].map(c=>'<i style=\"background:'+c+'\"><\/i>').join('')\r\n    + '<span>High<\/span><\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------- 03 per cycle ----------\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">03<\/span>Questions per exam cycle<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p>How many questions each paper on record contributed. A short bar usually means a partly recovered paper rather than a shorter exam \\u2014 worth knowing before you read too much into that year\\u2019s pattern.<\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">'+d.years.length+' cycles \\u00b7 '+d.total+' questions<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"cyc\">'\r\n    + d.years.map(y=>{ const n=d.perYear[y];\r\n        return '<div class=\"cycbar\"><span class=\"cn\">'+n+'<\/span>'\r\n          + '<div class=\"cbar\" style=\"height:'+Math.max(n\/maxYear*140,6)+'px\"><\/div>'\r\n          + '<span class=\"cy\">'+y+'<\/span><\/div>'; }).join('')\r\n    + '<\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------- 04 what this means for you ----------\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">04<\/span>What this means for your revision<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p>The same counts, read against how you are actually performing.<\/p><\/div><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"examReco\"><\/div><\/section>';\r\n\r\n  \/\/ recommendations tie the counts back to the learner's own record\r\n  const perf = chapterRows();\r\n  const out=[];\r\n  d.rows.slice(0,3).forEach(r=>{\r\n    const p = perf.find(x=>x.chapter===r.chapter);\r\n    const acc = p && p.acc!==null ? Math.round(p.acc*100) : null;\r\n    out.push({ic: acc===null?'warm':acc<60?'hot':'good', icon: acc===null?'\\ud83e\\udded':acc<60?'\\ud83d\\udd25':'\\u2705',\r\n      txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b> has produced <b>'+r.total+' questions<\/b> across '\r\n        + Object.values(r.byYear).filter(Boolean).length+' of '+d.years.length+' papers'\r\n        + (acc===null ? ' and you have not attempted it yet.' : ' and you are at <b>'+acc+'%<\/b> on it.'),\r\n      ch:r.chapter});\r\n  });\r\n  const recent = d.years.slice(-3);\r\n  const rising = d.rows.map(r=>{\r\n    const late = recent.reduce((a,y)=>a+(r.byYear[y]||0),0);\r\n    const early = d.years.slice(0,-3).reduce((a,y)=>a+(r.byYear[y]||0),0);\r\n    return {r, late, early, rate: late\/Math.max(recent.length,1)};\r\n  }).filter(x=>x.late>=2 && x.rate > (x.early\/Math.max(d.years.length-3,1))*1.5)\r\n    .sort((a,b)=>b.late-a.late)[0];\r\n  if(rising) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\\ud83d\\udcc8',\r\n    txt:'<b>'+chBrief(rising.r.chapter)+'<\/b> has been asked <b>'+rising.late+' times in the last '+recent.length\r\n      + ' papers<\/b>, well above its own earlier rate. Recent papers are the better guide to the next one.',ch:rising.r.chapter});\r\n  const thinYear = d.years.map(y=>({y,n:d.perYear[y]})).filter(x=>x.n>0 && x.n < d.total\/d.years.length*0.6);\r\n  if(thinYear.length) out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\\ud83e\\uddfe',\r\n    txt:'<b>'+thinYear.map(x=>x.y).join(', ')+'<\/b> '+(thinYear.length===1?'holds':'hold')+' noticeably fewer questions than the other papers \\u2014 most likely partly recovered rather than genuinely shorter. Read those columns with that in mind.'});\r\n  $('examReco').innerHTML = out.map(r=>\r\n    '<div class=\"reco\"><span class=\"ic '+r.ic+'\">'+r.icon+'<\/span><p>'+r.txt+'<\/p>'\r\n    + (r.ch?'<button class=\"go\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.ch)+'\">Drill \\u2192<\/button>':'')+'<\/div>').join('');\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   16. 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