{"id":14511,"date":"2026-07-27T04:12:43","date_gmt":"2026-07-27T04:12:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/?page_id=14511"},"modified":"2026-07-28T02:19:54","modified_gmt":"2026-07-28T02:19:54","slug":"mcqs-on-manual-of-procurement-of-works","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/?page_id=14511","title":{"rendered":"MCQs on Manual of Procurement of Works"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"14511\" class=\"elementor elementor-14511\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f801f8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3f801f8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e9a51d elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"3e9a51d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!--\r\n============================================================\r\nCSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com\r\nCHAPTER-WISE MCQ PRACTICE + AI COACH  (Reusable Template)\r\n------------------------------------------------------------\r\nTABS:\r\n  1. Practice Quiz   \u2014 chapter-wise quiz (progress, weak areas,\r\n                       chapter filter, mastery stars)\r\n  2. My Performance  \u2014 AI coach: readiness score, focus areas,\r\n                       study plan, spaced-repetition revision queue\r\n\r\nHOW TO REUSE THIS TEMPLATE (3 steps):\r\n  1. In quizConfig below, change:\r\n       quizId   -> a UNIQUE id per topic (e.g. 'RTI-chapterwise-quiz').\r\n                   This keys localStorage; two quizzes sharing an id\r\n                   will share\/overwrite each other's progress!\r\n       topic    -> heading shown in the header\r\n       paper    -> 'Paper 1' \/ 'Paper 2' (shown in the eyebrow line)\r\n  2. Paste your question bank into  const allQuestions = [ ... ]\r\n     (format documented at the array).\r\n     NOTE: No 'year' field \u2014 this template is chapter-wise only.\r\n  3. 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*\/\r\n.bar-name{font-size:13.8px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.35;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word}\r\n.bar-track{background:#eef1f6;border-radius:8px;height:20px;overflow:hidden}\r\n.bar-fill{height:100%;border-radius:8px;transition:width .8s ease}\r\n.bar-val{font-weight:700;font-size:14.7px;min-width:64px;text-align:right}\r\n.tbl-scroll{overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:14px;background:#fff}\r\n.ai-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:280px 1fr;gap:18px;align-items:stretch}\r\n.ai-ring-card{background:linear-gradient(150deg,var(--navy-ink) 0%,var(--navy-d) 70%,#2f5fe0 100%);border-radius:var(--r-lg);padding:26px 20px;color:#fff;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;box-shadow:var(--sh-md)}\r\n.ai-ring{position:relative;width:150px;height:150px}\r\n.ai-ring svg{transform:rotate(-90deg)}\r\n.ai-ring .bg{fill:none;stroke:rgba(255,255,255,.14);stroke-width:11}\r\n.ai-ring .fg{fill:none;stroke:var(--gold-l);stroke-width:11;stroke-linecap:round;transition:stroke-dashoffset 1s ease}\r\n.ai-ring-txt{position:absolute;inset:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\r\n.ai-ring-txt .n{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:40px;font-weight:600;color:var(--gold-l);line-height:1}\r\n.ai-ring-txt .l{font-size:9.9px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#bfdbfe;margin-top:4px}\r\n.ai-verdict{margin-top:14px;font-size:13.8px;color:#dbeafe;line-height:1.5}\r\n.ai-verdict b{color:#fff}\r\n.ai-coach-card{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-lg);padding:22px;box-shadow:var(--sh-sm)}\r\n.ai-coach-card h3{font-size:15.2px;color:var(--navy-ink);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin-bottom:12px}\r\n.ai-coach-card h3 i{color:var(--gold)}\r\n.ai-reco{display:flex;gap:12px;padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line);align-items:flex-start}\r\n.ai-reco:last-child{border-bottom:none}\r\n.ai-reco .ic{width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:8px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-size:12.8px;flex-shrink:0;margin-top:2px}\r\n.ai-reco .ic.hot{background:var(--red-bg);color:var(--red-d)}\r\n.ai-reco .ic.warm{background:#fef7e6;color:var(--amber-d)}\r\n.ai-reco .ic.cool{background:#eff6ff;color:var(--navy)}\r\n.ai-reco .ic.good{background:var(--green-bg);color:var(--green-d)}\r\n.ai-reco p{font-size:13.9px;color:#37414f}\r\n.ai-reco p b{color:var(--navy-ink)}\r\n.ai-reco .go{margin-left:auto;flex-shrink:0;background:#EFF6FF;color:var(--navy-d);border:1px solid #d4e2fb;border-radius:8px;padding:6px 12px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;transition:all .25s;font-family:var(--sans);white-space:nowrap}\r\n.ai-reco .go:hover{background:var(--navy);color:#fff}\r\n\r\n.ai-kpis{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(150px,1fr));gap:12px;margin-top:18px}\r\n.ai-kpi{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-md);padding:14px 16px;box-shadow:var(--sh-sm)}\r\n.ai-kpi .n{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:25.6px;font-weight:600;color:var(--navy-d)}\r\n.ai-kpi .n.g{color:var(--green-d)} .ai-kpi .n.r{color:var(--red-d)} .ai-kpi .n.a{color:var(--amber-d)}\r\n.ai-kpi .l{font-size:10.9px;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--mut);margin-top:2px}\r\n\r\ntable.perf{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:13.1px;min-width:760px}\r\ntable.perf th,table.perf td{padding:10px 10px;border-bottom:1px solid #eef1f6;text-align:center}\r\ntable.perf thead th{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;font-weight:600;font-size:11.5px}\r\ntable.perf th:first-child,table.perf td:first-child{text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\r\n\/* WRAP FIX: chapter column wraps; bounded so metric columns stay visible *\/\r\ntable.perf td:first-child{font-weight:500;background:#fbfcfe;white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;min-width:150px;max-width:260px;line-height:1.4}\r\n.mini-track{background:#eef1f6;border-radius:6px;height:9px;overflow:hidden;min-width:80px}\r\n.mini-fill{height:100%;border-radius:6px}\r\n.tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10.6px;font-weight:700;padding:3px 9px;border-radius:20px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.03em}\r\n.tag.hot{background:var(--red-bg);color:var(--red-d)}\r\n.tag.warm{background:#fef7e6;color:var(--amber-d)}\r\n.tag.ok{background:#eff6ff;color:var(--navy-d)}\r\n.tag.good{background:var(--green-bg);color:var(--green-d)}\r\n.tag.na{background:#f1f5f9;color:var(--faint)}\r\n.mini-go{background:none;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;padding:5px 10px;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:700;color:var(--navy-d);cursor:pointer;transition:all .25s;font-family:var(--sans)}\r\n.mini-go:hover{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;border-color:var(--navy)}\r\n\r\n.rev-item{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;background:#F8FAFC;border-left:3px solid var(--amber);border-radius:var(--r-sm);padding:10px 12px;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:12.6px;cursor:pointer;transition:all .25s}\r\n.rev-item:hover{background:#fef7e6;transform:translateX(3px)}\r\n.rev-item .q-num{font-weight:700;color:var(--amber-d);flex-shrink:0}\r\n.rev-item .q-text{flex:1;color:var(--mut);white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}\r\n.rev-item .days{background:var(--amber);color:#fff;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:20px;font-size:10.2px;font-weight:700;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.ai-empty{text-align:center;padding:34px 20px;color:var(--mut)}\r\n.ai-empty i{font-size:32px;color:var(--gold);margin-bottom:12px;display:block}\r\n.ai-empty .big{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:19.2px;color:var(--navy-ink);margin-bottom:6px}\r\n.ai-empty p{font-size:13.9px;max-width:52ch;margin:0 auto}\r\n.ai-two{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:18px}\r\n.perf-reset-wrap{margin-top:34px;padding:18px;border:1px dashed #f3c1c1;border-radius:var(--r-lg);background:#fffafa;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n.perf-reset-wrap p{font-size:13.1px;color:var(--mut);flex:1;min-width:220px}\r\n.perf-reset-wrap p b{color:var(--red-d)}\r\n.perf-reset-btn{padding:11px 20px;background:#fff;border:2px solid #f3c1c1;border-radius:var(--r-md);color:var(--red-d);font-size:13.1px;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;transition:all .25s;font-family:var(--sans);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.perf-reset-btn:hover{background:var(--red);border-color:var(--red);color:#fff}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- RESPONSIVE ---------- *\/\r\n@media(max-width:1024px){.quiz-container{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 270px;gap:14px}}\r\n@media(max-width:900px){\r\n  \/* MOBILE: question 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12px;gap:9px}\r\n  .option-letter{min-width:30px;font-size:16.3px !important}\r\n  .option-text{font-size:16.3px !important}\r\n  .option-item:hover:not(.disabled){transform:none}\r\n  .question-nav{flex-wrap:wrap;padding:12px;gap:9px}\r\n  .nav-btn{padding:11px 16px;font-size:12.8px;flex:1;justify-content:center}\r\n  .nav-btn.check{order:-1;width:100%;max-width:none;flex-basis:100%}\r\n  .progress-combo{grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;gap:10px}\r\n  .result-stats{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:7px}\r\n  .result-content{padding:22px}\r\n  .result-buttons{flex-direction:column}\r\n  .bar-row{grid-template-columns:28px 1fr;row-gap:4px}\r\n  .bar-track{grid-column:1\/-1}\r\n  .bar-name,.bar-val{grid-column:2;text-align:left}\r\n  .sec-head{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px}\r\n  .sec-head .hint{margin-left:0;flex-basis:100%}\r\n  .sec-head h2{font-size:16px}\r\n  .ai-ring{transform:scale(.85);margin:-8px}\r\n  .ai-ring-txt .n{font-size:33.6px}\r\n  .ai-kpis{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}\r\n  .ai-kpi .n{font-size:20.8px}\r\n  .ai-reco{flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n  .ai-reco .go{margin-left:42px}\r\n  .warning-toast{width:calc(100% - 32px);justify-content:center;font-size:12.8px}\r\n  .gp-stat{min-width:76px}\r\n  .perf-reset-wrap{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch}\r\n  .perf-reset-btn{justify-content:center}\r\n}\r\n\/* very small phones *\/\r\n@media(max-width:380px){\r\n  .gp-header{padding:14px 10px 0}\r\n  .gp-tab{padding:8px 10px;font-size:11.2px}\r\n  .mode-tab{padding:8px 11px;font-size:11.7px}\r\n  .question-text{font-size:16px !important;padding:12px}\r\n  .option-text,.option-letter{font-size:15.5px !important}\r\n  .ai-wrap{padding:6px 8px 24px}\r\n  .quiz-container{padding:0 8px 8px}\r\n  .filter-bar{padding:10px 8px 0}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"cwq-portal\" id=\"quizWrapper\">\r\n    <!-- Warning Toast -->\r\n    <div class=\"warning-toast\" id=\"warningToast\">\r\n        <span class=\"ic\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>\r\n        <span id=\"toastMessage\">Message<\/span>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- Result Modal -->\r\n    <div class=\"result-modal\" id=\"resultModal\">\r\n        <div class=\"result-content\">\r\n            <div class=\"result-icon\" id=\"resultIcon\">\ud83c\udf89<\/div>\r\n            <h2 class=\"result-title\" id=\"resultTitle\">Great Job!<\/h2>\r\n            <p class=\"result-message\" id=\"resultMessage\">You have completed the quiz.<\/p>\r\n            <div class=\"result-stats\">\r\n                <div class=\"result-stat\">\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-value\" id=\"resultCorrect\">0<\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-label\">Correct<\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"result-stat\">\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-value\" id=\"resultIncorrect\">0<\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-label\">Incorrect<\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"result-stat\">\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-value\" id=\"resultScore\">0%<\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-label\">Score<\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"result-buttons\">\r\n                <button class=\"result-btn secondary\" id=\"reviewBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udc41<\/span> Review<\/button>\r\n                <button class=\"result-btn weak\" id=\"practiceWeakBtn\" style=\"display:none;\"><span class=\"ic\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span> Practice Weak<\/button>\r\n                <button class=\"result-btn primary\" id=\"retryBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u21bb<\/span> Try Again<\/button>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- ================= HEADER ================= -->\r\n    <header class=\"gp-header\">\r\n        <div class=\"gp-head-top\">\r\n            <div class=\"gp-brand\">\r\n                <div class=\"eyebrow\" id=\"topicEyebrow\">CSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com<\/div>\r\n                <h1 id=\"topicName\">Manual of Procurement of Works<\/h1>\r\n                <p>Chapter-wise MCQs \u00b7 Smart Practice, Weak-Area Drills &amp; AI Coach<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"gp-stats\">\r\n                <div class=\"gp-stat\"><div class=\"n\" id=\"hdrTotalQ\">0<\/div><div class=\"l\">MCQs<\/div><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"gp-stat\"><div class=\"n\" id=\"hdrChapters\">0<\/div><div class=\"l\">Chapters<\/div><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"gp-stat\"><div class=\"n\" id=\"hdrMastered\">0%<\/div><div class=\"l\">Mastered<\/div><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"gp-stat clickable\" id=\"weakBadgeHeader\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"n\" id=\"weakCountHeader\">0<\/div><div class=\"l\">Weak Areas<\/div><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"gp-stat\"><div class=\"n\" id=\"hdrReadiness\">\u2014<\/div><div class=\"l\">Readiness<\/div><\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <nav class=\"gp-tabs\">\r\n            <button class=\"gp-tab active\" data-view=\"practice\"><span class=\"ic\">\u270d\ufe0f<\/span> Practice Quiz<\/button>\r\n            <button class=\"gp-tab\" data-view=\"performance\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83e\udde0<\/span> My Performance <span class=\"pill\" id=\"perfPill\" style=\"display:none;\">!<\/span><\/button>\r\n        <\/nav>\r\n    <\/header>\r\n\r\n    <!-- ================= VIEW 1 : PRACTICE QUIZ ================= -->\r\n    <div class=\"gp-view active\" id=\"view-practice\">\r\n\r\n    <!-- Mode Selector -->\r\n    <div class=\"mode-selector\">\r\n        <div class=\"mode-tabs\">\r\n            <button class=\"mode-tab active\" data-mode=\"all\" id=\"modeAll\">\r\n                <span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udccb<\/span> All Questions <span class=\"badge\" id=\"allCount\">0<\/span>\r\n            <\/button>\r\n            <button 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class=\"quiz-card-header light\"><h3><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udcda<\/span> Filter by Chapter<\/h3><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-body\" style=\"padding:10px 14px\"><div class=\"filter-list\" id=\"chapterList\"><\/div><\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"quiz-card weak-areas-card\" id=\"weakAreasCard\" style=\"display:none;\">\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-header\"><h3><span class=\"ic\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span> Weak Areas<\/h3><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-body\" style=\"padding:10px 14px\">\r\n                    <div class=\"weak-question-list\" id=\"weakQuestionList\"><\/div>\r\n                    <button class=\"practice-weak-btn\" id=\"practiceWeakAreasBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u21bb<\/span> Practice All Weak Areas<\/button>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- Main Container -->\r\n    <div class=\"quiz-container\">\r\n        <!-- Question Panel (primary) -->\r\n        <main class=\"question-panel\">\r\n            <div class=\"question-header\">\r\n                <span class=\"question-number\" id=\"questionNumber\">Question 1 of 20<\/span>\r\n                <div class=\"question-meta\">\r\n                    <div class=\"meta-badge chapter\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> <span id=\"currentQuestionChapter\">\u2014<\/span><\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"meta-badge weak\" id=\"weakBadge\" style=\"display:none;\"><span class=\"ic\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span> <span>Weak<\/span><\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"question-body\">\r\n                <div class=\"question-text\" id=\"questionText\">Loading question...<\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"options-list\" id=\"optionsList\"><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"explanation-box\" id=\"explanationBox\">\r\n                    <div class=\"explanation-title\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udca1<\/span> Explanation<\/div>\r\n                    <p class=\"explanation-text\" id=\"explanationText\"><\/p>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"mastery-indicator\" id=\"masteryIndicator\">\r\n                    <span class=\"mastery-label\"><span class=\"ic\">\u2b50<\/span> Mastery:<\/span>\r\n                    <div class=\"mastery-stars\" id=\"masteryStars\">\r\n                        <i>\u2605<\/i><i>\u2605<\/i><i>\u2605<\/i><i>\u2605<\/i><i>\u2605<\/i>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"question-nav\">\r\n                    <button class=\"nav-btn prev\" id=\"prevBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u2190<\/span> Previous<\/button>\r\n                    <button class=\"nav-btn check\" id=\"checkBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u2713<\/span> Check Answer<\/button>\r\n                    <button class=\"nav-btn next\" id=\"nextBtn\">Next <span class=\"ic\">\u2192<\/span><\/button>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            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class=\"legend-item\"><div class=\"legend-color incorrect\"><\/div><span>Incorrect<\/span><\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"quiz-card\">\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-header\"><h3><span class=\"ic\">\ud83c\udfc6<\/span> Progress &amp; Session<\/h3><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-body\">\r\n                    <div class=\"progress-combo\">\r\n                        <div class=\"progress-ring-container\">\r\n                            <div class=\"progress-ring\">\r\n                                <svg width=\"100\" height=\"100\">\r\n                                    <circle class=\"progress-ring-bg\" cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"42\"><\/circle>\r\n                                    <circle class=\"progress-ring-fill\" cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"42\" stroke-dasharray=\"264\" stroke-dashoffset=\"264\" id=\"progressRingFill\"><\/circle>\r\n                                <\/svg>\r\n                                <div class=\"progress-ring-text\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"progress-ring-percentage\" id=\"progressPercentage\">0%<\/span>\r\n                                    <span class=\"progress-ring-label\">Mastered<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"stat-col\">\r\n                            <div class=\"stat-row\"><span class=\"stat-label\">Questions<\/span><span class=\"stat-value\" id=\"totalQuestions\">0<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"stat-row\"><span class=\"stat-label\">Attempted<\/span><span class=\"stat-value\" id=\"attemptedCount\">0<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"stat-row\"><span class=\"stat-label\">Correct<\/span><span class=\"stat-value correct\" id=\"correctCount\">0<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"stat-row\"><span class=\"stat-label\">Incorrect<\/span><span class=\"stat-value incorrect\" id=\"incorrectCount\">0<\/span><\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"progress-stats-mini\" style=\"margin-top:10px\">\r\n                        <div class=\"progress-stat-mini\"><div class=\"value correct\" id=\"totalCorrectProgress\">0<\/div><div class=\"label\">Lifetime Correct<\/div><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"progress-stat-mini\"><div class=\"value incorrect\" id=\"totalWeakProgress\">0<\/div><div class=\"label\">Weak Areas<\/div><\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"action-buttons\">\r\n                <button class=\"action-btn submit\" id=\"submitBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udce4<\/span> Submit &amp; View Results<\/button>\r\n                <button class=\"action-btn reset\" id=\"resetBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u21ba<\/span> Reset Session<\/button>\r\n                <p class=\"reset-note\">Resets only this session's answers.<br>Lifetime performance &amp; mastery are kept.<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/aside>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <\/div><!-- \/view-practice -->\r\n\r\n    <!-- ================= VIEW 2 : MY PERFORMANCE (AI COACH) ================= -->\r\n    <div class=\"gp-view\" id=\"view-performance\">\r\n        <div class=\"ai-wrap\">\r\n            <div id=\"aiEmptyState\" class=\"an-card ai-empty\" style=\"display:none;margin-top:24px;\">\r\n                <span class=\"ic\" style=\"font-size:32px\">\ud83e\udde0<\/span>\r\n                <div class=\"big\">Your AI coach is waiting for data<\/div>\r\n                <p>Attempt a few questions in the Practice tab. The coach will then compute your readiness score, detect weak chapters weighted by their share of the question bank, and build a personalised study plan.<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div id=\"aiContent\">\r\n                <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-top:24px;\"><span class=\"num\">01<\/span><h2>Readiness \u2014 AI Assessment<\/h2><span class=\"hint\">weighted by chapter share of the bank<\/span><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"ai-hero\">\r\n                    <div class=\"ai-ring-card\">\r\n                        <div class=\"ai-ring\">\r\n                            <svg width=\"150\" height=\"150\">\r\n                                <circle class=\"bg\" cx=\"75\" cy=\"75\" r=\"64\"><\/circle>\r\n                                <circle class=\"fg\" cx=\"75\" cy=\"75\" r=\"64\" stroke-dasharray=\"402\" stroke-dashoffset=\"402\" id=\"aiRingFill\"><\/circle>\r\n                            <\/svg>\r\n                            <div class=\"ai-ring-txt\"><span class=\"n\" id=\"aiScore\">0<\/span><span class=\"l\">Readiness \/ 100<\/span><\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"ai-verdict\" id=\"aiVerdict\"><\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"ai-coach-card\">\r\n                        <h3><span class=\"ic\">\ud83e\ude84<\/span> Smart Study Plan \u2014 What to do next<\/h3>\r\n                        <div id=\"aiRecoList\"><\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"ai-kpis\" id=\"aiKpis\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"num\">02<\/span><h2>Chapter Performance vs Chapter Weight<\/h2><span class=\"hint\">priority = high weight \u00d7 low accuracy<\/span><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"tbl-scroll\"><table class=\"perf\">\r\n                    <thead><tr><th>Chapter<\/th><th>Weight<\/th><th>Coverage<\/th><th>Accuracy<\/th><th>Status<\/th><th>Action<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n                    <tbody id=\"perfTableBody\"><\/tbody>\r\n                <\/table><\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"ai-two\" style=\"margin-top:34px;\">\r\n                    <div>\r\n                        <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-top:0;\"><span class=\"num\">03<\/span><h2>Revision Queue<\/h2><span class=\"hint\">spaced repetition<\/span><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"an-card\" id=\"revisionQueue\"><\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                    <div>\r\n                        <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-top:0;\"><span class=\"num\">04<\/span><h2>Mastery Distribution<\/h2><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"an-card\" id=\"masteryDist\"><\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <!-- Performance reset (lifetime data) -->\r\n                <div class=\"perf-reset-wrap\">\r\n                    <p><b>Danger zone:<\/b> this permanently erases your lifetime performance for this quiz \u2014 mastery stars, weak areas, accuracy history and the readiness score. Session reset on the Practice tab does <b>not<\/b> touch this data.<\/p>\r\n                    <button class=\"perf-reset-btn\" id=\"resetPerfBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\uddd1\ufe0f<\/span> Reset My Performance<\/button>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div><!-- \/view-performance -->\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ QUIZ CONFIGURATION  \u2190 EDIT PER TOPIC\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nconst quizConfig = {\r\n    \/\/ UNIQUE id per topic. Progress is stored in localStorage under this key,\r\n    \/\/ so two quizzes MUST NOT share the same quizId.\r\n    quizId: 'CHANGE-ME-chapterwise-quiz',\r\n    topic: 'Manual of Procurement of Works',                     \/\/ \u2190 shown in header h1\r\n                         \/\/ \u2190 shown in header eyebrow\r\n    masteryThreshold: 3,   \/\/ total correct needed for \"mastered\"\r\n    weakThreshold: 1,      \/\/ wrong attempts before a question is flagged weak\r\n    revisionGapDays: 7     \/\/ days after which a mastered Q re-enters revision\r\n};\r\n\/\/ =====================================================================\r\n\/\/ MCQs - Manual for Procurement of Works, Second Edition, 2025\r\n\/\/ CONSOLIDATED SET: all chapters + cross-chapter thematic sets\r\n\/\/ 626 questions | ids 1 to 626, unique and contiguous\r\n\/\/\r\n\/\/ CONTENTS\r\n\/\/   ids   1 -  60   Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS  (60 Qs)\r\n\/\/   ids  61 -  88   Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING  (28 Qs)\r\n\/\/   ids  89 - 211   Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS  (123 Qs)\r\n\/\/   ids 212 - 281   Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS  (70 Qs)\r\n\/\/   ids 282 - 326   Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS  (45 Qs)\r\n\/\/   ids 327 - 396   Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK  (70 Qs)\r\n\/\/   ids 397 - 465   Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS  (69 Qs)\r\n\/\/   ids 466 - 542   Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES  (77 Qs)\r\n\/\/   ids 543 - 566   TIMELINES & PERIODS  (24 Qs)\r\n\/\/   ids 567 - 586   PERCENTAGES  (20 Qs)\r\n\/\/   ids 587 - 606   MONETARY THRESHOLDS  (20 Qs)\r\n\/\/   ids 607 - 626   AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT  (20 Qs)\r\n\/\/ =====================================================================\r\n\r\nconst allQuestions = [\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  \/\/ Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS   (ids 1-60)\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  {\r\n    id: 1,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which constitutional Article requires a Government contract to be executed in writing by a specifically authorised officer?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Article 300\",\r\n      \"Article 299\",\r\n      \"Article 14\",\r\n      \"Article 19(1)(g)\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.1-4.<\/b> Article 299 requires Government contracts to be executed in writing by authorised officers; Articles 14 and 19(1)(g) are Fundamental Rights with procurement implications but don't govern contract execution, and Article 300 concerns suits by\/against Government. <br> 'Article 299 of the Constitution of India...stipulates that contracts legally binding on the Government must be executed in writing by officers specifically authorized to do so.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 2,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, special repairs to a newly purchased or previously abandoned building, including remodelling\/replacement, are classified as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Original Works\",\r\n      \"Repair Works\",\r\n      \"Minor Works\",\r\n      \"Annual Repairs\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 130, GFR 2017.<\/b> This is a deliberate exception \u2014 such special repairs fall under 'Original Works', not Repair Works. <br> ''Original works'...includes special repairs to newly purchased or previously abandoned buildings or structures, including remodelling or replacement.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 3,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, what distinguishes 'Minor Works' from 'Repair Works'?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Minor Works add capital value to an existing asset without creating a new one, whereas Repair Works only restore functionality\",\r\n      \"Minor Works create a new asset, whereas Repair Works add capital value to an existing asset\",\r\n      \"Minor Works are those within the delegated financial limit, whereas Repair Works are those beyond it\",\r\n      \"Minor Works are executed departmentally, whereas Repair Works are executed through contract\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 130, GFR 2017.<\/b> The operative test is whether capital value is added (Minor Works) versus mere restoration of functionality (Repair Works) \u2014 not cost, approving authority, or executing agency. <br> ''Minor works' mean works which add capital value to existing assets but do not create new assets...Repair Work does not add to the value of the asset and only restores the functionality.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 4,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, routine yearly operation and maintenance of buildings\/fixtures is classified as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Special Repairs\",\r\n      \"Annual Repairs\",\r\n      \"Original Works\",\r\n      \"Minor Works\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.3-2.<\/b> Repair Work splits into Annual repairs (routine, yearly) and Special repairs (major, as-needed) \u2014 the stem describes the routine\/yearly category. <br> 'Annual repairs covering routine and yearly operation and maintenance work on buildings and fixtures.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 5,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, does the Procurement Guidelines apply to a Central Public Sector Enterprise's own-use procurement from a Joint Venture in which it holds a controlling share?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Yes, but only above Rs 5 lakh\",\r\n      \"Yes, all Central Public Sector Enterprise procurement is covered\",\r\n      \"No, such procurement is exempted\",\r\n      \"No, all Joint Ventures are exempt regardless of shareholding\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.3-10.<\/b> The exemption is specifically for own-use procurement from subsidiaries\/JVs where a controlling share is held \u2014 conditional on controlling shareholding, not a blanket JV exemption. <br> '...would not apply to procurements by procuring entities...for their own use from their subsidiary companies, including Joint Ventures, where they have a controlling share.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 6,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, what is the principal factor distinguishing 'Goods' from 'Works'?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Goods yield an intangible output, whereas Works yield a tangible output\",\r\n      \"Goods are manufactured at the supplier's premises, whereas Works are executed at the procuring entity's premises\",\r\n      \"Goods are estimated on the Schedule of Rates, whereas Works are estimated on Plinth Area Rates\",\r\n      \"Goods contracts exclude installation, whereas Works contracts exclude supply of material\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.4-2(a).<\/b> Both yield tangible outputs; the distinguishing factor is the site of production\/execution, not value or an absolute bar on incidental overlap. <br> '...the manufacture of goods is done in the supplier's own premises...while 'Works' is done on the premises of the procuring entity.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 7,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in a doubtful case between Goods and Works\/Non-Consultancy services\/Consultancy, the procurement should be processed as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Works\",\r\n      \"Goods\",\r\n      \"Referred to Procurement Policy Division for a ruling\",\r\n      \"Non-Consultancy services\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.4-3(a)(i).<\/b> The simpler procedure \u2014 Goods \u2014 is followed in such doubtful cases, without needing a PPD reference. <br> 'Goods and works\/ NC services\/ consultancy, it should be processed as procurement of goods.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 8,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in a doubtful case between Works and Non-Consultancy service\/Consultancy, the procurement should be processed as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Goods\",\r\n      \"Consultancy services\",\r\n      \"Non-Consultancy services\",\r\n      \"Works\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.4-3(a)(ii).<\/b> The default-to-Goods rule applies only for doubt involving Goods; between Works and Services, the resolution favours Works. <br> 'Works and NC service\/ consultancy, it should be processed as procurement of works.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 9,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, procurement of IT Projects (software development, cloud services, system integration) should normally be processed as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Goods\",\r\n      \"Consultancy services\",\r\n      \"Works\",\r\n      \"Non-Consultancy services\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.4-3(b).<\/b> IT Projects are a carved-out exception, processed as Consultancy since outcomes vary by provider \u2014 unlike other new-machinery cases, which default to Goods. <br> 'Procurement of IT Projects should normally be carried out as Procurement of Consultancy services, as the outcomes\/ deliverables vary from one service provider to another.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 10,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"A works-related assignment combines technical data collection with an intellectual\/advisory analysis that is the primary objective. In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, how is the assignment procured?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"As Goods\",\r\n      \"As Works\",\r\n      \"As Non-consultancy services\",\r\n      \"As selection of a Consultant\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.4-3(d).<\/b> Where the intellectual\/advisory component is the primary objective, the entire task is procured as consultant selection, regardless of the incidental data-collection component's value. <br> '...the actual analysis is an intellectual and advisory task and is the primary objective...the entire task needs to be dealt with as the selection of a consultant.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 11,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, procurement of new Machinery and Plant with incidental installation\/commissioning\/Annual Maintenance Contract-Comprehensive Maintenance Contract (other than IT Projects) is normally processed as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Works\",\r\n      \"Goods\",\r\n      \"Consultancy Services\",\r\n      \"Non-Consultancy services\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.4-3(c)(i).<\/b> New Machinery\/Plant with incidental works\/services is treated as Goods, except for IT Projects. <br> 'Procurement of 'new product'...of the nature of Machinery and Plant with incidental works\/ services...should be handled as procurement of goods, except for procurement of IT Projects.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 12,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, an Annual Maintenance Contract for EXISTING Machinery and Plant assets is processed as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Works\",\r\n      \"Consultancy Services\",\r\n      \"Goods\",\r\n      \"Non-Consultancy Services\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.4-3(c)(ii).<\/b> New machinery with incidental AMC is Goods, but AMC of EXISTING machinery\/plant is NC Services \u2014 the new-vs-existing distinction determines the category. <br> 'AMC\/ CMC of existing Mechanical, Electrical or ICT assets...should be treated as procurement of Non-Consultancy Services.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 13,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which Financial Adviser\/Integrated Finance Division-involvement procedure requires prior concurrence of Secretary (Expenditure)?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Special Procedure\",\r\n      \"The Make in India Order procedure\",\r\n      \"Normal Procedure\",\r\n      \"The Schedule of Procurement Powers-based procedure\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.5-2(b).<\/b> Under Special Procedure, a Department-specific FA\/IFD arrangement needs prior concurrence of Secretary Expenditure; Normal Procedure is the default requiring FA\/IFD concurrence except for validly re-delegated matters. <br> 'Special Procedure: With the prior concurrence of Secretary Expenditure, the Secretary of the Department may decide on a different level of involvement of the Financial Adviser\/IFD.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 14,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, payments under an already-approved contract require Integrated Finance Division consultation only when:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The contract was awarded through a Single Tender Enquiry\",\r\n      \"The payment exceeds Rs 10 crore in value\",\r\n      \"The payment is the final bill closing the contract\",\r\n      \"The payment is in relaxation of, or variation to, the approved contract conditions\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.5-3.<\/b> Payments under approved contracts are exempt from IFD consultation except where they relax or vary the approved conditions. <br> 'payments under approved contracts shall not require IFD consultation except in cases where the payments are in relaxation\/variation to approved contract conditions.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 15,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the balance between right quality, quantity, price, time\/place and source is termed:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Value for Money as a legal concept\",\r\n      \"The Fundamental Principles of Public Procurement\",\r\n      \"The Five R's of Procurement\",\r\n      \"The Standards of Financial Propriety\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.6.<\/b> These five parameters are jointly termed the Five R's of Procurement, applicable to Works as much as Goods. <br> '...the basic aim is to achieve just the right balance between costs and requirements concerning five parameters called the five R's of procurement.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 16,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which cost concept is used mainly as a Sustainable Procurement tool since it also weighs environmental impact?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The 'L1' price concept\",\r\n      \"Whole-of-Life Costing\",\r\n      \"Total Cost of Ownership\",\r\n      \"Life Cycle Costing\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.7.<\/b> Among TCO, LCC and WOL, only LCC has evolved to weigh environmental impact, making it the Sustainable Procurement tool of choice. <br> 'LCC has evolved beyond that to consider the cost of the impact of the product on the environment...used as a tool in Sustainable Public Procurement.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 17,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which of the following is NOT one of the five Fundamental Principles of Public Procurement?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Public accountability principle\",\r\n      \"Value for Money principle\",\r\n      \"Professionalism principle\",\r\n      \"Transparency principle\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.8.<\/b> The five are Transparency, Professionalism, Broader obligations, Extended legal, and Public accountability \u2014 VfM is a related but separate concept under para 1.7. <br> '...five fundamental principles of public procurement...Transparency principle; Professionalism principle; Broader obligations principle; Extended legal principle; and Public accountability principle.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 18,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Standards of Financial Propriety in the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, expenditure benefiting a particular person, absent a court-enforceable claim, is proper only if:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The amount is below Rs 5 lakh\",\r\n      \"The expenditure is in pursuance of a recognized policy or custom\",\r\n      \"The person is registered as a Micro and Small Enterprise\",\r\n      \"The Secretary personally approves it\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 21(iv), GFR 2017.<\/b> Only a court-enforceable claim OR a recognized policy\/custom justifies such expenditure \u2014 MSE status, a low value, or mere approval don't satisfy this canon. <br> 'Expenditure from public moneys should not be incurred for the benefit of a particular person...unless...the expenditure is in pursuance of a recognized policy or custom.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 19,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Standards of Financial Propriety in the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, an officer must exercise vigilance over public expenditure equal to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The vigilance mandated by Central Vigilance Commission guidelines\",\r\n      \"A materially higher standard than for private expenditure\",\r\n      \"The ordinary prudence he would exercise over his own money\",\r\n      \"The Comptroller and Auditor General's audit standard\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 21(i), GFR 2017.<\/b> The touchstone is 'ordinary prudence' as with one's own money \u2014 not a CVC or CAG-specific standard, or an undefined 'higher' one. <br> 'Every officer is expected to exercise the same vigilance in respect of expenditure incurred from public moneys as a person of ordinary prudence would exercise in respect of expenditure of his own money.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 20,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Standards of Financial Propriety in the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which of the following is a violation?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"An authority using its sanctioning power to its own advantage\",\r\n      \"Sanctioning expenditure within one's delegated powers\",\r\n      \"Regulating allowances so they aren't a source of profit\",\r\n      \"Enforcing financial order in subordinate offices\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 21(iii), GFR 2017.<\/b> Using sanctioning power for one's own direct\/indirect advantage is specifically barred; the other three options describe compliant conduct. <br> 'No authority should exercise its powers of sanctioning expenditure to pass an order which will be directly or indirectly to its own advantage.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 21,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025 (Public Procurement Infrastructure), which pairing is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Comptroller and Auditor General \u2014 audit oversight\",\r\n      \"Central Vigilance Commission \u2014 vigilance oversight\",\r\n      \"Central Bureau of Investigation \u2014 operator of the Central Public Procurement Portal\",\r\n      \"Lokpal\/Lokayukta \u2014 anti-corruption Ombudsman\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.10.<\/b> CPPP and CBI are two distinct, separate infrastructure items \u2014 CBI is an investigating agency, not the CPPP's operator. The other three pairings are correct. <br> 'Central Public Procurement Portal...Comptroller and Auditor General...Lokpal\/ Lokayukta \u2013 Anti-corruption Ombudsman...Central Vigilance Commission...Central Bureau of Investigation.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 22,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Public Procurement Policy for Micro and Small Enterprises, Central Government entities must procure what minimum share of their annual value of goods\/services from Micro and Small Enterprises?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"15 per cent\",\r\n      \"25 per cent\",\r\n      \"22 per cent\",\r\n      \"20 per cent\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 153(ii), GFR 2017.<\/b> The mandated minimum is 25%, distinct from the Make-in-India 50%\/20% local-content thresholds and the 20% purchase-preference margin. <br> '...shall procure a minimum of 25 per cent of their annual value of goods or services from MSEs.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 23,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Make in India Order, 'Local Content' is computed as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Total value (excluding domestic indirect taxes) minus imported content (incl. customs duty), as a % of total value\",\r\n      \"Value addition certified solely by the Nodal Ministry\",\r\n      \"Imported content as a % of contract value\",\r\n      \"Total value including all taxes, minus labour cost\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.11.2-2(b).<\/b> Local content nets out imported content (incl. customs duties) from total value (net of domestic indirect taxes). <br> ''Local Content' means...the total value of the item procured (excluding net domestic indirect taxes) minus the value of imported content...as a proportion of the total value.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 24,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Make in India Order, a bidder with 35% local content (no higher threshold prescribed) is categorised as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Class-II local supplier\",\r\n      \"Non-local supplier\",\r\n      \"Ineligible to bid\",\r\n      \"Class-I local supplier\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.11.2-6.<\/b> Class-I needs \u226550%, Class-II needs \u226520% but <50%, Non-local is below 20%. At 35%, the bidder is Class-II. <br> ''Class-I local supplier' is a minimum of 50 per cent. For 'Class-II local suppliers'...a minimum of 20 per cent.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 25,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Make in India Order, L1 in a domestic tender is Rs 100 lakh. Up to what price may a Class-I local supplier be invited to match L1, applying the margin of purchase preference?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs 110 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 105 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 120 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 125 lakh\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.11.2-4(d).<\/b> The margin is 20% above L1 (L1+20%); at L1=Rs 100 lakh, Rs 120 lakh is the ceiling. <br> 'The margin of purchase preference shall be 20%.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 26,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a Global Tender Enquiry (for items outside mandatory Class-I sourcing) is barred below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs 50 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs 150 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs 100 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs 200 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 161(iv)(b), GFR 2017.<\/b> GTEs below Rs 200 crore need specific competent-authority approval. <br> '...Global tender enquiry shall not be issued except with the approval of competent authority as designated by Department of Expenditure.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 27,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Make in India Order, procurements below what value are exempt from the Order?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs 25 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 60 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 10 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 5 lakh\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.11.2-5.<\/b> Purchases below Rs 5 lakh are exempt, but splitting to avoid this threshold is barred. <br> 'procurements where the estimated value to be procured is less than Rs. 5 lakhs shall be exempt from the Order.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 28,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Make in India Order, an auditor's\/practising accountant's local-content certificate (not mere self-certification) is mandatory above:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs 10 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs 25 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs 60 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs 5 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.11.2-9(b).<\/b> Above Rs 10 crore, an auditor\/practising accountant's certificate is required; below that, self-certification suffices. <br> 'In cases of procurement for a value in excess of Rs. 10 crores, the...supplier shall be required to provide a certificate from the statutory auditor or cost auditor.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 29,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Make in India Order, a manufacturer under the Production Linked Incentive Scheme (receiving the Production Linked Incentive incentive) is treated, by default, for that item, as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Class-I local supplier\",\r\n      \"Non-local supplier\",\r\n      \"Deemed Class-II local supplier\",\r\n      \"Ineligible bidder\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.11.2-2A.<\/b> PLI beneficiaries get deemed Class-II treatment unless they already independently qualify for Class-I. <br> 'The manufacturers manufacturing an item under the PLI scheme shall be treated as deemed Class II local supplier for that item unless they have minimum local content equal to or higher than that notified for Class-I.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 30,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Make in India Order, a 'Non-local supplier' may participate in bidding only:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"When a Global Tender Enquiry has been issued\",\r\n      \"In any domestic tender, if its bid is lowest\",\r\n      \"For procurements below Rs 5 lakh\",\r\n      \"If it has a Transfer of Technology arrangement with an Indian entity\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.11.2-3(b).<\/b> Outside a GTE, only Class-I and Class-II suppliers may bid; Non-local suppliers participate only when a GTE is issued. <br> 'In global tender enquiries, 'Non-local suppliers' shall also be eligible to bid.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 31,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Make in India Order, mandatory Class-I sourcing in Engineering, Procurement and Construction\/Turnkey\/System Integrator contracts applies to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Only items above Rs 200 crore\",\r\n      \"All Engineering, Procurement and Construction items, without exception\",\r\n      \"Items where the Class-I supplier is also L1\",\r\n      \"Only items notified by the Nodal Ministry as having sufficient local capacity\/competition\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.11.2-3A.<\/b> Mandatory sourcing is not a blanket rule \u2014 it applies only to Nodal-Ministry-notified items with sufficient local capacity\/competition, with a project-specific relaxation route. <br> 'The items, notified as having sufficient local capacity and competition, shall mandatory be sourced from Class-I local suppliers.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 32,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, does the land-border-country registration requirement apply to sub-contracts awarded before 23.07.2020?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Yes, retrospectively\",\r\n      \"Yes, if the value exceeds Rs 200 crore\",\r\n      \"No, only GTEs are covered by the requirement\",\r\n      \"No, the requirement applies only from 23.07.2020 onward\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.11.3-1(c), 1.11.3-6.<\/b> The requirement applies only from 23.07.2020, and sub-contracting restrictions expressly do not affect sub-contracts already awarded before that date. <br> 'This shall not apply to sub-contracts already awarded on or before 23.07.2020.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 33,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, registration is required for a Transfer of Technology arrangement in ANY technology (not just listed sensitive ones) only for:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Non-sensitive sectors\",\r\n      \"Category-I sensitive sectors\",\r\n      \"Category-II sensitive sectors only\",\r\n      \"Category-III sensitive sectors\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.11.3-5(b),(c).<\/b> Category-I requires registration for ANY technology; Category-II requires it only for Schedule III-listed sensitive technologies \u2014 a graded requirement. <br> 'For Category-I sensitive sectors, bidders with ToT arrangement in any technology...shall require registration.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 34,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, procurement of raw materials and components by a works contractor from a firm of a country sharing a land border with India is treated as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Sub-contracting only where the value exceeds Rs 200 crore\",\r\n      \"Not sub-contracting, and wholly outside the scope of the restrictions in every respect\",\r\n      \"Not sub-contracting, though sourcing finished goods from such a vendor would require that vendor's registration\",\r\n      \"Sub-contracting, attracting the registration requirement in every case\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.11.3-6, Note; Para 1.11.3-11(e).<\/b> Procurement of raw material and components is expressly excluded from the definition of sub-contracting, so no registration is triggered on that count. The exclusion is not absolute, however \u2014 if finished goods are sourced directly or indirectly from a vendor of such a country, that vendor itself would require registration. No monetary threshold governs the position. <br> '(Note: Procurement of raw material, components, etc. does not constitute sub-contracting).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 35,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which of the following correctly describes the applicability of restrictions on entities from a class of countries sharing a land border with India?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Applies only above Rs 10 lakh\",\r\n      \"Applies only to Global Tender Enquiries\",\r\n      \"Applies to all purchases irrespective of value, including proprietary purchases\",\r\n      \"Proprietary purchases are excluded from the restrictions\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.11.3-11(a),(b).<\/b> The restrictions apply irrespective of order value, and proprietary purchases are expressly NOT excluded. <br> 'The proprietary purchases are not excluded...The rule is applicable on all purchases irrespective of the order value.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 36,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where the Competent Authority cancels a bidder's registration on finding sufficient cause, such cancellation:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Takes effect only from the close of the current financial year\",\r\n      \"Does not by itself affect the execution of contracts already awarded\",\r\n      \"Requires contracts already awarded to that bidder to be re-tendered\",\r\n      \"Renders contracts already awarded to that bidder void from inception\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.11.3-10(h).<\/b> Cancellation of registration does not by itself affect execution of contracts already awarded; pending cancellation the Competent Authority may instead suspend the registration, during which the bidder cannot bid in further tenders. Nothing in the provision voids, re-opens or defers concluded contracts. <br> 'Such cancellation by itself, however, will not affect the execution of contracts already awarded. Pending cancellation, it may also suspend the registration of a bidder.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 37,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a start-up recognised by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, bidding for a works tender, is entitled to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A margin of purchase preference of twenty per cent over other bidders\",\r\n      \"Exemption from furnishing Performance Security after award of the contract\",\r\n      \"Exemption from submission of Earnest Money Deposit or Bid Security\",\r\n      \"Relaxation of the technical specifications prescribed for the work\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.11.4-2(a).<\/b> Start-ups are exempted from EMD\/Bid Security \u2014 a distinct, separate benefit from the Make-in-India purchase-preference margin. <br> 'Such Start-ups shall be exempted from submission of Earnest Money Deposit\/ Bid Security.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 38,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, relaxation of turnover\/experience conditions for Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade start-ups is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Entirely at the Procuring Entity's discretion\",\r\n      \"Applicable only to start-ups also registered as Micro and Small Enterprises\",\r\n      \"Not optional, except for public safety\/health\/critical-security items\",\r\n      \"Applicable only below Rs 5 lakh\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 173(i), GFR 2017.<\/b> Relaxation must normally be ensured, with a narrow carve-out for public safety\/health\/critical-security items; start-ups need not be MSEs. <br> 'such relaxation is not optional but normally has to be ensured, except in case of procurement of items related to public safety, health, critical security operations.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 39,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Domestically Manufactured Iron and Steel Products Policy, 2025, the 20% purchase preference applies only to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"All Appendix A products\",\r\n      \"Appendix C indigenous technology suppliers\",\r\n      \"Capital goods listed under Appendix B\",\r\n      \"Any iron & steel product, irrespective of appendix\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.11.5-8.<\/b> The 20% preference is confined to Appendix B capital goods; Appendix A items are normally sourced domestically without a separate preference margin. <br> 'Purchase preference of 20% is applicable only to capital goods as per Appendix B and not to Appendix A.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 40,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Match: 1. Make in India Order \u2014 Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade; 2. Domestically Manufactured Iron and Steel Products Policy \u2014 Ministry of Steel; 3. Detailed provisions on restrictions on entities from land-border-sharing countries \u2014 Department of Expenditure; 4. Start-up recognition \u2014 Central Vigilance Commission. Which pairs are correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 1.11.2, 1.11.5-1(a), 1.11.3-2, 1.11.4-1(c).<\/b> Pairs 1\u20133 are correct; pair 4 is wrong \u2014 Start-up recognition rests with DPIIT, not CVC. <br> 'a Startup so identified...shall be required to be recognized as Startup by DPIIT.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 41,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which law has replaced the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 provision on sanction for prosecution?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003\",\r\n      \"Prevention of Corruption (Amendment) Act, 2018\",\r\n      \"Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023\",\r\n      \"Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.12, item 10.<\/b> BNSS 2023 is expressly listed as replacing the CrPC provision on sanction for prosecution. <br> 'Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) (replaces Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, Section dealing with sanction for prosecution).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 42,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Law of Agency principle applied in the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the relationship between a Procuring Entity and the contractor executing its works is that of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Principal and Agent, so that the Procuring Entity may be rendered vicariously liable for the contractor's actions\",\r\n      \"Wholly independent parties, so that neither can be liable for the acts of the other\",\r\n      \"Master and servant, so that all statutory dues become payable directly by the Procuring Entity\",\r\n      \"Bailor and Bailee, liability resting on custody of the materials at site\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.13 (Law of Agency, Sections 182\u2013238, Indian Contract Act, 1872).<\/b> A contractor executing works is treated as an Agent of the Procuring Entity, creating a Principal\/Agent relationship under which the principal may be vicariously, legally and financially liable for the agent's actions \u2014 for instance where the contractor violates labour laws. It is neither a bailment, nor a master-servant relationship, nor one of wholly independent parties. <br> 'the principal\/ employer is vicariously, legally and financially liable for actions of its Agents.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 43,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, for the purpose of approval and sanction, a group of works which forms one project shall be treated as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"One work, only if all its parts fall within the same financial year\",\r\n      \"Separate works, each sanctioned by the authority competent for its individual value\",\r\n      \"Separate works, provided they are executed at geographically different sites\",\r\n      \"One work, requiring the sanction of the authority competent for the project as a whole\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 137, GFR 2017.<\/b> A group of works forming one project is treated as one work, so sanction must come from the authority competent for the whole project. Splitting it into individually-sanctioned works to invoke a lower authority's powers is barred, and neither site dispersal nor financial-year phasing alters this. <br> '...a group of works which forms one project, shall be considered as one work...should not be circumvented by resorting to approval of individual works using the powers of approval or sanction of a lower authority.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 44,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, mutually independent component parts of a project (not contingent on each other) are treated, for sanction, as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Part of one single scheme\",\r\n      \"Requiring Central Public Works Department sanction alone\",\r\n      \"Requiring prior re-appropriation of funds\",\r\n      \"A separate project each\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.14-5.<\/b> Independent, non-contingent component parts are each treated as a separate project \u2014 distinct from Rule 137, which prevents splitting an interdependent project. <br> '...each such part should be treated as a separate project.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 45,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, anticipated or actual savings from a sanctioned estimate may be applied to additional work not contemplated in the original project:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Only with special authorisation\",\r\n      \"Freely, provided the additional work is of the same nature as the original project\",\r\n      \"Up to 10 per cent of the sanctioned estimate, without further approval\",\r\n      \"Only after the originally sanctioned project has been completed\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 138, GFR 2017.<\/b> Special authorisation is the only route; there is no same-nature exemption, no 10 per cent free-hand limit, and no post-completion relaxation. This prevents a sanctioned project's scope being informally expanded out of its own savings. <br> 'Any anticipated or actual savings from a sanctioned estimate...shall not, without special authorisation, be applied to carry out additional work not contemplated in the original project.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 46,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, possession of the full extent of land required before award of a works contract is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Mandatory in every case, award being barred until full possession is obtained\",\r\n      \"Required only for works estimated to cost above Rs 60 lakh\",\r\n      \"Desirable, but award need not be held up if the remaining land can be acquired in a targeted manner without affecting progress\",\r\n      \"Required only where the land is to be acquired under the Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.14-13(k).<\/b> Full possession is desirable but not always practicable; award can proceed if the remaining land can be targeted for acquisition without affecting progress. <br> 'It is desirable to have 100% of the required land in possession before award of contract; however, it may not always be possible.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 47,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, for repair works up to Rs 60 lakh, expenditure sanction may be based on:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Feasibility Study Report alone\",\r\n      \"Preliminary Project Report (Preliminary Project Report)\",\r\n      \"Detailed Estimate\",\r\n      \"Technical Sanction Report\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.15, Note.<\/b> For repair works up to Rs 60 lakh, sanction may rest on the PPR itself, dispensing with the DPR\/PE stage. <br> 'For repair works up to Rs. 60 (Sixty) lakh, expenditure sanction may be given on the basis of Preliminary Project Report itself.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 48,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, works not allotted to any Ministry\/Department default to Grants for Civil Works administered by:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Central Public Works Department\",\r\n      \"Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Ministry of Finance directly\",\r\n      \"The Public Works Organisation of the concerned State\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 134, GFR 2017.<\/b> Unallotted works default to CPWD-administered Grants for Civil Works. <br> 'Works not specifically allotted to any Ministry or Department shall be included in the Grants for Civil Works to be administered by Central Public Works Department.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 49,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which of the following is NOT part of 'administrative control of works'?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Responsibility for construction, maintenance and upkeep\",\r\n      \"Provision of funds for execution\",\r\n      \"Proper utilisation of buildings and allied works\",\r\n      \"Grant of arbitration awards in contractual disputes\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 131, GFR 2017.<\/b> Administrative control is limited to responsibility, utilisation and funds \u2014 arbitration is a separate dispute-resolution matter, not part of this definition. <br> 'Administrative control of works includes...assumption of full responsibility...Proper utilization of buildings...Provision of funds.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 50,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Make in India Order, consider the following statements: 1. Class-II local suppliers get purchase preference over Non-local suppliers in every tender. 2. The margin of purchase preference is 20% above L1. 3. Auditor certification is mandatory only above Rs 10 crore. Which are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 1.11.2-4(d), 9(b).<\/b> Statement 1 is false \u2014 Class-II suppliers get NO purchase preference. Statements 2 and 3 are correct. <br> ''Class-II local supplier' will not get a preference for any procurement.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 51,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding restrictions on entities from a class of countries sharing a land border with India: 1. Applies only to Global Tender Enquiries. 2. Sub-contracting to an unregistered land-border-country contractor is barred. 3. Not applicable to exports to such countries. Which are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 1.11.3-1(a), 1.11.3-6, 1.11.3-11(d).<\/b> Statement 1 is false \u2014 the rule applies to ANY procurement mode, not just GTE. Statements 2 and 3 are correct. <br> 'Any bidder from a country which shares a land border with India will be eligible to bid in any procurement...only if the bidder is registered.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 52,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025 (Basic Principles of undertaking Works), consider the following statements: 1. No work may be split to fit a lower authority's sanctioning power. 2. Savings may automatically fund additional work. 3. The competent authority need not be kept informed of progress once sanctioned. Which is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.14-3; Rule 138; Para 1.14-11.<\/b> Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is false (Rule 138 bars this without special authorisation). Statement 3 is false (periodical progress reports are required). <br> 'No project or work will be split up to bring it within the sanctioning powers of a lower authority.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 53,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a private limited company incorporated 12 years ago, with turnover always below Rs 100 crore \u2014 does it qualify as a Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade 'Start-up'?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"No, since it exceeds the ten-year window from incorporation\",\r\n      \"Yes, since turnover is within the limit\",\r\n      \"Yes, provided it obtains Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade recognition regardless of age\",\r\n      \"No, since only partnership firms\/LLPs qualify\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.11.4-1(a).<\/b> Start-up status requires BOTH conditions \u2014 within 10 years of incorporation AND turnover under Rs 100 crore. At 12 years, the age condition fails regardless of turnover; private limited companies are expressly eligible, so option D is also wrong. <br> 'Upto a period of ten years from the date of incorporation\/ registration...Turnover...has not exceeded one hundred crore rupees.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 54,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the registration of a bidder from a country sharing a land border with India is required to be valid:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"At the time of issue of the Notice Inviting Tender\",\r\n      \"At the time of submission of bids and at the time of acceptance of bids\",\r\n      \"At the time of submission of bids only, being immaterial thereafter\",\r\n      \"Throughout the period of execution of the contract\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.11.3-8 (Validity of registration).<\/b> For tenders, registration must be valid both when bids are submitted and when bids are accepted; for supply otherwise than by tender, at the time of placement of order. Once the bidder was validly registered at acceptance, registration ceases to be a relevant consideration during contract execution \u2014 so a continuing-validity requirement would be wrong. <br> 'registration should be valid at the time of submission of bids and at the time of acceptance of bids...registration shall not be a relevant consideration during contract execution.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 55,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, registration of a bidder from a country sharing a land border with India shall not be granted unless clearance has been received from:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Both the Ministry of External Affairs and the Ministry of Home Affairs\",\r\n      \"The Ministry of External Affairs alone\",\r\n      \"Either the Ministry of External Affairs or the Ministry of Home Affairs\",\r\n      \"The Ministry of Home Affairs alone\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.11.3-10(d).<\/b> On receipt of an application, the Competent Authority must seek political and security clearances from the Ministry of External Affairs and the Ministry of Home Affairs, and registration shall not be given unless both have been received \u2014 clearance from either one alone does not suffice. <br> 'Registration shall not be given unless political and security clearance have both been received.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 56,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a Ministry waives the registration requirement for an item in a Category-II sensitive sector, it is required to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Refer the item to the Registration Committee for a fresh determination\",\r\n      \"Obtain the prior concurrence of the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade\",\r\n      \"Obtain the prior approval of the National Security Council Secretariat\",\r\n      \"Intimate the decision to the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade and the National Security Council Secretariat\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.11.3-5(d).<\/b> In Category-II sensitive sectors the Secretary, or an officer not below Joint Secretary so authorised, may waive the registration requirement after due consideration. Ministries are not required to consult the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade or the National Security Council Secretariat beforehand \u2014 only to intimate the decision; and if a point is later raised, ongoing procurement need not be interrupted. <br> 'Ministries\/ Departments of the Government of India are not required to consult the DPIIT\/ NSCS before deciding and are only required to intimate the decision.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 57,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a procuring entity outsources its procurement process, or bundles it with other contractual arrangements, or engages a procurement agent, the Procurement Guidelines:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Cease to apply, the agent being governed by its own internal procedures\",\r\n      \"Continue to apply to that procurement\",\r\n      \"Apply only to the portion retained in-house by the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Apply only where the outsourced value exceeds Rs 5 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.3-8 (Outsourced Procurement).<\/b> The Guidelines continue to apply where the entity outsources the procurement process, bundles it with other contractual arrangements, or uses a procurement support agency or procurement agent to act on its behalf. Outsourcing therefore does not create an exit from the Guidelines, whether wholly, partly or above any threshold. <br> 'These procurement guidelines shall continue to apply if entities to whom these are applicable...outsource the procurement process or bundle the procurement process with other contractual arrangements or utilise the services of procurement support agency or procurement agents.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 58,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a Procuring Entity issuing its own detailed Manual, Model Tender Documents and Schedule of Procurement Powers to suit its specialised needs must do so:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"With the approval of the competent authority and financial concurrence\",\r\n      \"Only where it has been exempted from these Guidelines by a Government notification\",\r\n      \"Only after obtaining prior clearance from the Procurement Policy Division\",\r\n      \"On the authority of its Head of Department alone, customisation being an internal matter\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.3-9 (Customisation).<\/b> The Manual is generic guidance, and entities are advised to customise it \u2014 by issuing their own detailed Manuals, Model Tender Documents, Schedule of Procurement Powers and checklists \u2014 with the approval of the competent authority and financial concurrence. Neither central clearance nor a prior exemption is a precondition. <br> 'Procuring Entities are advised to customise these manuals, with the approval of competent authority and financial concurrence, to suit their local\/specialised needs.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 59,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in relation to a project financed by the World Bank using the Investment Project Financing instrument, the Procurement Guidelines in this Manual:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Operate in full, overriding the funding agency procedures\",\r\n      \"Operate to the extent they are not inconsistent with the funding agency procedures\",\r\n      \"Do not apply, the funding agency procurement procedures being applicable instead\",\r\n      \"Apply only to the counterpart funding contributed by the Government\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 1.3-7(b).<\/b> For World Bank Investment Project Financing and similar instruments of other International Funding Agencies, these Guidelines do not apply and the funding agency's own procurement procedures govern, as permitted under Rule 264 of GFR 2017. By contrast, for Program-for-Results and Results-based lending instruments, these Guidelines apply as expressly agreed in the legal agreements. <br> 'These guidelines would not be applicable to projects funded by the World Bank using the Investment Project Financing (IPF) instrument.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 60,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 1: INTRODUCTION TO PROCUREMENT OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, mechanical and electrical activities involving fabrication, installation, erection, repair and maintenance relating to machinery and plants are:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Treated as Works only where no supply of material is involved\",\r\n      \"Excluded from Works, being classified as procurement of Goods\",\r\n      \"Treated as Non-Consultancy Services in every case\",\r\n      \"Included within the term Works, alongside civil works\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Procurement Glossary, entry for 'Works'.<\/b> The term Works expressly covers both civil works (roads, railways, bridges, buildings, dams, tunnels and so on) and mechanical and electrical works of the nature described. Supply of some materials or services may be incidental to and part of such works, so the presence of material does not take the activity out of Works. <br> 'mechanical and electrical works involving fabrication, installation, erection, repair, and maintenance of a mechanical or electrical nature relating to machinery and plants.'\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  \/\/ Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING   (ids 61-88)\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  {\r\n    id: 61,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the Perspective Plan prepared by a Ministry for undertaking works is required to be reviewed:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Only when a fresh work is sanctioned\",\r\n      \"Only on the direction of the Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Once in three years\",\r\n      \"Annually\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.1-1.<\/b> Each Ministry\/Department prepares a perspective plan for different types of works, and the Manual requires a provision for its annual review so that modifications can be made. A three-yearly cycle, a per-sanction trigger, or a review only on external direction would all fall short. <br> 'There shall also be a provision for annual review of the plan for making modifications, if any.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 62,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the grant of in-Principle Approval by the competent authority signifies approval of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The detailed coordinated architectural, civil and electrical design\",\r\n      \"The concept and scope of the project at the rough cost assessed\",\r\n      \"The detailed cost estimate framed on the Schedule of Rates\",\r\n      \"The bid evaluation criteria to be adopted for the work\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.2.<\/b> In-Principle Approval approves only the concept and scope of the project at the rough cost assessed. Detailed coordinated design and Schedule of Rates-based estimates belong to the Technical Sanction stage, and bid evaluation criteria to the tendering stage. <br> '...grants in Principle approval indicating approval of the concept and scope of the project at the rough cost assessed.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 63,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the Preliminary Project Report must indicate that the land required for completion of the whole project:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Will be made available free of all encumbrances\",\r\n      \"Has been valued at the prevailing circle rate for the locality\",\r\n      \"Will be acquired after the Detailed Project Report is finalised\",\r\n      \"Is available to the extent of at least half the requirement\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.2(d).<\/b> The Preliminary Project Report must clearly indicate availability of land for the whole project, and that land is to be made available free of all encumbrances. The requirement is addressed at this earliest stage rather than deferred, and no partial-availability threshold or valuation condition is prescribed here. <br> 'There should be a clear indication about the availability of land required for completion of whole project. The land shall be made available free of all encumbrances.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 64,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the time of completion indicated in a Detailed Project Report comprises which two components?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Time for pre-construction activity till award of the work, and time for execution\",\r\n      \"Time for preparation of drawings and time for according Technical Sanction\",\r\n      \"Time for bid invitation and time for bid evaluation\",\r\n      \"Time for land acquisition and time for obtaining statutory clearances\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.4-1(d).<\/b> The time of completion has exactly two parts \u2014 pre-construction activity up to award of the work, and the execution period thereafter. Land acquisition, clearances, drawings, Technical Sanction and tendering timelines are separate elements of the report, not the two components of this figure. <br> 'This will consist of two parts, one for pre-construction activity till award of the work and the other one for the execution.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 65,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where deviations between actual ground conditions and the Detailed Project Report cause significant cost and time over-runs, the Ministry\/Department may proceed against the consultant by:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Recovering the loss from the performance security furnished by the works contractor\",\r\n      \"Referring the matter compulsorily to the Central Vigilance Commission\",\r\n      \"Reducing the consultancy fee to the extent of the assessed over-run\",\r\n      \"Taking stringent action including debarment from future consultancy contracts, after following due procedure\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.4-4.<\/b> The engineer must flag such reach-wise deviations, and the Ministry\/Department may then consider stringent action against the consultant who prepared the report, including debarment from future consultancy contracts, after following due procedure. Recovery from the contractor's security would penalise the wrong party, and neither compulsory vigilance referral nor automatic fee reduction is prescribed. <br> '...may consider stringent action against the consultant who has prepared such DPRs, including debarment from future consultancy contracts, after following due procedure.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 66,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, preparation of the Detailed Project Report and Preliminary Estimates may be dispensed with for repair works costing up to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs 50 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 25 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 60 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 1 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.4-1(o).<\/b> For repair works costing up to Rs 60 lakh the Detailed Project Report and Preliminary Estimates stage may be dispensed with, since such work does not need detailed designing, and sanction may be accorded on the Preliminary Project Report itself. <br> 'For repair works costing up to Rs. 60 (sixty) lakhs, preparation of DPR and PE may be dispensed with, since repair work does not need detailed designing.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 67,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, cost estimates framed by a Public Works Organisation may be modified by the competent financial authority for the purpose of sanction:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Freely, as an incident of the power to sanction expenditure\",\r\n      \"Only after the estimates are re-vetted by the Central Public Works Department\",\r\n      \"Only where the modification does not exceed ten per cent of the estimated cost\",\r\n      \"Only with the concurrence of that organisation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.5-1.<\/b> Estimates framed by a Public Works Organisation or other engineering organisation may be modified for sanction only with that organisation's concurrence. The power to sanction does not carry an implied power to revise the technical estimate unilaterally, and no re-vetting requirement or percentage limit is prescribed. <br> 'The estimates framed by a PWO or other engineering organisation may be modified for such sanction only with their concurrence.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 68,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the sanction order conveying Administrative Approval and Expenditure Sanction must contain:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Scope of work, estimated cost, and the name of the executing agency, the funding pattern being conveyed separately\",\r\n      \"Scope of work, estimated cost, time schedule for completion, and funding sources with the share of each funding agency\",\r\n      \"Estimated cost, time schedule, and the detailed technical specifications approved under Technical Sanction\",\r\n      \"Scope of work, estimated cost, and the constitution of the Tender Committee for the work\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.5-2.<\/b> All four elements \u2014 scope, estimated cost, time schedule and funding sources with each agency's share \u2014 must appear in the sanction order itself; the funding break-up is not deferred to a separate communication. Technical specifications belong to the Technical Sanction stage and Tender Committee constitution to the tendering stage. <br> 'The sanction order should contain scope of work, estimated cost, and time schedule for completion of work and funding sources along with the breakup of the share of each funding agency.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 69,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a Department sanctioning expenditure on a scheme or project under powers delegated by the Finance Ministry must ensure that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The project has been cleared on integrity grounds by the Central Vigilance Commission\",\r\n      \"The estimated cost remains within the ceiling fixed for centrally sponsored schemes\",\r\n      \"The estimated cost has been pre-audited by the Comptroller and Auditor General\",\r\n      \"The outlay has been approved by the Competent Authority under the appraisal and approval process prescribed by the Finance Ministry\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 16, DFPR 2024.<\/b> Exercise of delegated sanctioning power is conditional on the outlay having been approved by the Competent Authority in accordance with the appraisal and approval process prescribed by the Finance Ministry. Pre-audit, vigilance clearance and scheme ceilings are not conditions attached to this delegation. <br> 'subject to its outlay having been approved by the Competent Authority in accordance with the appraisal and approval process prescribed by the Finance Ministry from time to time.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 70,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, preparation of the detailed design and according of Technical Sanction by the procuring entity is dispensed with where the work is undertaken in which mode?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Engineering, Procurement and Construction (Turnkey) mode\",\r\n      \"Item Rate contract\",\r\n      \"Lump sum contract\",\r\n      \"Percentage Rate contract\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.6-1.<\/b> The Engineering, Procurement and Construction (Turnkey) mode is the sole express exception, because detailed design responsibility there shifts largely to the contractor. In Item Rate, Percentage Rate and Lump sum contracts the procuring entity retains the design and must itself prepare the detailed design\/estimates and accord Technical Sanction. <br> 'Except where the work is to be undertaken in the EPC (Turnkey) mode...the procuring entity...shall prepare and accord Technical Sanction.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 71,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which reference document provides a quick but fairly accurate method of estimating the cost of buildings?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Plinth Area Rates\",\r\n      \"Analysis of Rates\",\r\n      \"Specifications\",\r\n      \"Schedule of Rates\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.8(1).<\/b> Plinth Area Rates, such as the Central Public Works Department's Delhi Plinth Area Rates, give a quick but fairly accurate building-cost estimate. The Schedule of Rates gives item-wise rates for estimates and contract settlement, Analysis of Rates builds a rate up from market inputs, and Specifications describe inputs, processes, tests and measurement. <br> 'Plinth Area Rates which provide a quick but fairly accurate method of estimation of cost of buildings.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 72,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which reference document serves both to facilitate preparation of estimates and as a guide in settling rates in connection with contract agreements?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Specifications\",\r\n      \"Schedule of Rates\",\r\n      \"Analysis of Rates\",\r\n      \"Plinth Area Rates\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.8(2).<\/b> The Schedule of Rates alone carries this dual function \u2014 estimate preparation and a benchmark for settling contract-agreement rates. Plinth Area Rates give a quick building-cost figure, Analysis of Rates derives a rate from market inputs, and Specifications govern inputs, processes, tests and measurement. <br> 'Schedule of Rates for each kind of work commonly executed to facilitate the preparation of estimates, as also to serve as a guide in settling rates in connection with contract agreements.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 73,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which reference document is arrived at by taking market rates of labour, materials and cartage together with their quantities for each kind of work?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Plinth Area Rates\",\r\n      \"Specifications\",\r\n      \"Schedule of Rates\",\r\n      \"Analysis of Rates\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.8(3).<\/b> Analysis of Rates builds a rate up from current market costs of labour, materials and cartage along with quantities for each item of work. The Schedule of Rates is the pre-published rate list, while Plinth Area Rates and Specifications serve estimation-shortcut and technical-description functions respectively. <br> 'Analysis of Rates by taking market rates of labour, materials, cartage etc and their quantities for each kind of work commonly executed.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 74,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which reference document describes the inputs, processes, tests and mode of measurement for each kind of work commonly executed?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Analysis of Rates\",\r\n      \"Schedule of Rates\",\r\n      \"Specifications\",\r\n      \"Plinth Area Rates\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.8(4).<\/b> Specifications govern inputs, processes, tests and mode of measurement. The other three are rate-related instruments \u2014 Analysis of Rates derives a rate, the Schedule of Rates publishes it, and Plinth Area Rates provide an area-based building-cost shortcut. <br> 'Specifications describing inputs, processes, tests and mode of measurement for each kind of work commonly executed.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 75,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, rates for items not covered by the Schedule of Rates are finalised by:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Obtaining the approval of the Comptroller and Auditor General for each such item\",\r\n      \"Applying a uniform percentage enhancement over the nearest scheduled item\",\r\n      \"A committee constituted by the organisation concerned or by the consultants, as the case may be\",\r\n      \"Adopting the rate quoted by the lowest responsive bidder for that item\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.8.<\/b> For non-scheduled items, rates are finalised by a committee constituted by the organisation concerned or by the consultants. Deriving the rate from the eventual bid would defeat the purpose of a pre-bid estimate, and neither a uniform enhancement formula nor external audit approval is prescribed. <br> 'For non-scheduled items, rates may be finalized by a committee constituted by the organization concerned\/ consultants as the case maybe.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 76,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a procuring authority dividing its procurement into packages is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Permitted only where each resulting package remains below Rs 5 lakh in value\",\r\n      \"Permitted for reasons recorded in writing, but not for the purpose of avoiding sanction of a higher authority\",\r\n      \"Permitted in all cases, packaging being wholly within the procuring authority's discretion\",\r\n      \"Prohibited in all cases, procurement having to be tendered as a single package\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 157, GFR 2017.<\/b> Division is permitted, for reasons recorded in writing, where it serves efficiency, economy, timely completion, wider competition or access to smaller contractors \u2014 but never to limit competition or to escape the sanction of a higher authority. It is therefore neither wholly discretionary nor wholly prohibited, and no monetary ceiling governs it. <br> 'The procuring authority shall normally neither package nor divide its procurement or take any other action to limit competition among bidders or to avoid the necessity of obtaining the sanction of higher authority.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 77,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which set of decisions is taken at the Procurement Planning stage?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Type of contract, system of tendering, and mode of procurement\",\r\n      \"Type of contract, system of tendering, and the authority competent to accord Technical Sanction\",\r\n      \"System of tendering, mode of procurement, and the Schedule of Rates to be adopted\",\r\n      \"Type of contract, mode of procurement, and the composition of the Tender Committee\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.9-4.<\/b> Procurement Planning fixes three things: the type of contract, the system of tendering, and the mode of procurement. The Technical Sanction authority is settled at the sanction stage, the Schedule of Rates is an estimation reference, and Tender Committee composition belongs to the tendering stage. <br> 'Decide upon type of contract suitable to the procurement requirement...Selection of a system of tendering...Select the mode of procurement.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 78,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a procuring entity modifies a time-frame it had declared in the tender documents for completing stages of procurement, it must:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Obtain the prior approval of the Central Vigilance Commission\",\r\n      \"Record the reasons for such modification\",\r\n      \"Extend the same relaxation to every bidder by issuing a fresh Notice Inviting Tender\",\r\n      \"Refer the matter to the Integrated Finance Division for concurrence\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 144(ix), GFR 2017.<\/b> The procuring entity should endeavour to adhere to the declared time limit and must record reasons for any modification of such limits. The declared time-frame is therefore not merely indicative, but modifying it needs neither external approval nor a fresh tender process. <br> 'The procuring entity should endeavour to adhere to the time limit so decided and record reasons for any modification of such limits.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 79,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the Annual Procurement Plan is required to be prepared within how many days of Budget approval?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"45 days\",\r\n      \"60 days\",\r\n      \"30 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 144(x), GFR 2017.<\/b> All Ministries\/Departments must prepare the Annual Procurement Plan within 30 days of Budget approval, before commencement of the year, and place it on their website. <br> 'All Ministries\/Departments shall prepare Annual Procurement Plan within 30 (thirty) days of Budget approval, before the commencement of the year and the same should also be placed on their website.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 80,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, advance publication of planned procurement activities on the Central Public Procurement Portal:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Amounts to initiation of the procurement process for those activities\",\r\n      \"Casts no obligation to issue a tender document and confers no right on prospective bidders\",\r\n      \"Confers on prospective bidders a right to be invited when the tender is issued\",\r\n      \"Obliges the procuring entity to issue the tender document within the financial year\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.9-8.<\/b> Such advance publication carries an express caveat that it shall not be construed as initiation of a procurement process, casts no obligation on the procuring entity to issue the tender document, and confers no right on prospective bidders. <br> 'such publication shall not be construed as the initiation of a procurement process and cast any obligation on the procuring entity to issue the tender document or confer any right on prospective bidders.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 81,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where too few contractors are eligible for a category of works, raising the risk of cartel formation, the recommended course is to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Confine bidding to the existing panel of registered contractors to ensure reliability\",\r\n      \"Require bidders to deploy specified costly machinery so that only well-equipped firms participate\",\r\n      \"Raise the pre-qualification turnover threshold so that only established firms compete\",\r\n      \"Encourage new firms to register for that category and review the Bill of Quantities items so that more contractors become eligible\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.9-9(a).<\/b> The remedy is to widen the eligible field \u2014 encouraging new firms to register and reviewing Bill of Quantities items through packaging or slicing. The Manual specifically warns that insisting on costly machinery reduces competition and encourages cartel formation, and confining bidding or raising thresholds would compound the problem rather than cure it. <br> 'New firms may be encouraged to register themselves for the subject category...Insisting on costly machinery to be used may reduce competition and encourage cartel formation.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 82,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, among the measures suggested to reduce the risk of cartelisation, the recommendation regarding pre-bid conferences is that they should:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Be held physically in every case to allow face-to-face clarification\",\r\n      \"Be avoided or held only virtually as far as feasible\",\r\n      \"Be attended only by contractors enlisted with the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Be dispensed with once the tender is published\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.7 (cartel mitigation).<\/b> Bringing a considerable number of competing bidders together on a physical platform may facilitate cartel formation; hence, among the mitigations, pre-bid conferences should be avoided or held only virtually as far as feasible, alongside encouraging registration of new firms, reviewing the Bill of Quantities and varying repeat tenders. <br> 'Pre-bid conferences...may be avoided or held virtually as far as feasible.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 83,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, among the measures suggested to mitigate the risk of cartel formation in works procurement is that the procuring entity should:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Invite tenders only from contractors enlisted with it\",\r\n      \"Award repeat works to the incumbent contractor on nomination basis\",\r\n      \"Vary the timing and conditions of repeat tenders instead of tendering similar works with similar conditions year after year\",\r\n      \"Publish the estimated cost in advance to attract wider participation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.7 (cartel mitigation).<\/b> Tendering similar works with similar conditions year after year gives bidders a stable environment to collude on prices and quantities; hence, among the mitigations, the procuring entity should vary the timing and conditions of repeat tenders, besides encouraging registration of new firms, reviewing the Bill of Quantities and holding virtual pre-bid meetings. Restricting to enlisted bidders or advance disclosure of the estimate would not counter cartelisation. <br> 'Avoid tendering similar works with similar conditions year after year, which provides a stable environment for bidders to conspire.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 84,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements:\\n1. A procuring authority may divide a procurement into packages, for reasons recorded in writing, to achieve wider competition or access to smaller contractors.\\n2. A procuring entity must record reasons for any modification of a declared procurement time-frame.\\n3. The Annual Procurement Plan must be prepared within sixty days of Budget approval.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 157; Rule 144(ix); Rule 144(x), GFR 2017.<\/b> Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is wrong \u2014 the Annual Procurement Plan must be prepared within thirty days of Budget approval, not sixty. <br> 'shall prepare Annual Procurement Plan within 30 (thirty) days of Budget approval.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 85,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements:\\n1. In-Principle Approval is granted on the basis of the Detailed Project Report.\\n2. Technical Sanction is accorded after Administrative Approval and Expenditure Sanction.\\n3. For repair works up to Rs 60 lakh, the Detailed Project Report and Preliminary Estimates stage may be dispensed with.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 2.2, 2.3, 2.6 and 2.4-1(o).<\/b> Statement 1 is wrong \u2014 in-Principle Approval rests on the Preliminary Project Report and Rough Cost Estimate; the Detailed Project Report is prepared only after that approval. Statements 2 and 3 are correct. <br> 'In Principle Approval of the concerned Ministry\/ Department shall be made available for preparation of Detailed Project Report or Preliminary Estimates.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 86,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements:\\n1. Packaging of a procurement may be resorted to solely to avoid the sanction of a higher authority, provided reasons are recorded in writing.\\n2. Eligibility criteria laid down for bidders must be reasonable, justifiable and non-discriminatory.\\n3. Architectural and structural drawings should ideally be finalised at the time of preparation of the cost estimate itself.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 157; Para 2.9-3; Para 2.6-2.<\/b> Statement 1 is wrong \u2014 dividing or packaging procurement specifically to escape higher-authority sanction is barred outright, and recording reasons cannot validate that purpose. Statements 2 and 3 are correct. <br> '...shall normally neither package nor divide its procurement...to avoid the necessity of obtaining the sanction of higher authority.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 87,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, drawings described as fit for construction are those approved by:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The project executing authority as well as the authority governing the extant rules and laws, including local byelaws\",\r\n      \"The project executing authority alone\",\r\n      \"The consultant who prepared the Detailed Project Report\",\r\n      \"The Tender Committee at the time of bid evaluation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.9-7.<\/b> Fit for construction, sometimes called good for construction, drawings are the architectural and structural drawings approved both by the project executing authority and by the authority governing the extant rules and laws, including byelaws, such as local authorities. Approval by the executing authority alone, or by the consultant, does not make a drawing fit for construction. <br> 'Fit for construction...means the architectural and structural drawings approved by the project executing authority as well as by the authority governing the extant rules\/ laws, including byelaws, such as local authorities.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 88,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 2: NEED ASSESSMENT AND PROCUREMENT PLANNING',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a Ministry executes a work under its own arrangement, the Preliminary Project Report is prepared by:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Internal Finance Division of the Ministry\",\r\n      \"The Central Public Works Department, on requisition\",\r\n      \"The Works Committee constituted by the Ministry\",\r\n      \"A consultant empanelled by the Procurement Policy Division\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 2.2, read with Para 3.1.3-6.<\/b> For a work executed under the Ministry's own arrangement, the Preliminary Project Report or Rough Cost Estimate is prepared by the Works Committee, the technical details being prepared by or under the guidance of its technical members. Only where the work is entrusted to an outside executing organisation does that organisation prepare the report. <br> 'a preliminary project report (PPR) or Rough Cost Estimate shall be prepared by the Works Committee...based on Land, Site Details, functional and space requirements.'\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  \/\/ Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS   (ids 89-211)\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  {\r\n    id: 89,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a Ministry or Department may directly execute repair works estimated to cost up to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs 25 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 60 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 50 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 1 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 133, read with Rules 139, 159 and 160 of GFR 2017; Para 3.1-2.<\/b> Direct execution by the Ministry\/Department is confined to repair works estimated up to Rs 60 lakh, after following the procedure laid down for execution of works. Repair works above this figure, and original works, must go to a Public Works Organisation or a Public Sector Undertaking. <br> 'A Ministry or Department at its discretion may directly execute repair works estimated to cost up to Rupees sixty (60) lakh after following due procedure laid down for Execution of Works.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 90,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, works that a Ministry may assign to a Public Works Organisation comprise:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Repair works of any value, but original works only above Rs 60 lakh\",\r\n      \"Only original works, repair works being executed departmentally in every case\",\r\n      \"Repair works above Rs 60 lakh, and original and minor works of any value\",\r\n      \"Repair works and original works alike, only where each exceeds Rs 60 lakh\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.1.1.<\/b> A Public Works Organisation may be assigned repair works estimated above Rs 60 lakh, and original or minor works of any value \u2014 the Rs 60 lakh threshold therefore attaches only to repair works, not to original or minor works. <br> 'A Ministry or Department may, at its discretion, assign repair works estimated to cost above Rupees Sixty (60) lakh and original\/ minor works of any value to any Public Works Organisation.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 91,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a Central or State Government organisation, other than a Public Sector Undertaking set up for civil or electrical works, may be assigned works only if it has been notified for the purpose by:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Procurement Policy Division, after examining its procurement record\",\r\n      \"The Central Public Works Department, after inspecting its engineering establishment\",\r\n      \"The Department of Expenditure, after assessing its budgetary position\",\r\n      \"The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, after evaluating its financial strength and technical competence\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.1.2(b).<\/b> Besides Public Sector Undertakings set up by the Central or State Government to carry out civil or electrical works, any other Central or State Government organisation or Public Sector Undertaking may be assigned such works only if notified by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, after that Ministry has evaluated its financial strength and technical competence. <br> 'to any other Central\/ State Government organisation\/ PSU which may be notified by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) for such purpose after evaluating their financial strength and technical competence.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 92,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a work is to be assigned to a Public Sector Undertaking, the competition among eligible Public Sector Undertakings is to be held essentially on:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The lump sum service charges claimed for execution of the work\",\r\n      \"The total estimated cost of the work quoted by each\",\r\n      \"The percentage above or below the Schedule of Rates quoted by each\",\r\n      \"The time of completion offered by each\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.1.3-1.<\/b> The Ministry\/Department must ensure competition among all eligible Public Sector Undertakings, and that competition is essentially on the lump sum service charges to be claimed for executing the work \u2014 not on the estimated cost of the work itself, on a rate percentage, or on completion time. <br> 'This competition shall be essentially on the lump sum service charges to be claimed for execution of work.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 93,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a work is entrusted to a Public Works Organisation or a Public Sector Undertaking, that organisation shall execute the work in accordance with:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Procedures separately approved for the work by the Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"The procedures of the entrusting Ministry or Department\",\r\n      \"The Central Public Works Department Works Manual in every case\",\r\n      \"The rules and procedures prescribed in its own organisation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 140, GFR 2017; Para 3.1.3-3.<\/b> The entrusting authority accords Administrative Approval and Expenditure Sanction and allots funds, but the executing organisation then carries out the work under the rules and procedures of its own organisation. <br> 'The Public Works Organisation or the Public Sector Undertaking or any organisation allotted work shall then execute the work entrusted to it in accordance with the rules and procedures prescribed in their own organisation.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 94,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the Memorandum of Understanding drawn with a Public Works Organisation or Public Sector Undertaking should clearly spell out:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The rates to be quoted by bidders for each item of the work\",\r\n      \"The names of the contractors to be engaged for the work\",\r\n      \"The obligations regarding specifications, quality and speed of execution, and the stages at which funds shall be released\",\r\n      \"The composition of the Tender Committee to be constituted by the executing agency\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.1.3-4.<\/b> The Memorandum of Understanding should state the executing organisation's obligations for execution as per proper specifications and for maintaining proper quality and speed, and should clearly spell out the different stages at which funds are to be released. Contractor selection, item rates and Tender Committee composition are matters internal to the executing agency. <br> 'The MoU should spell out the obligations...regarding execution of works as per proper specifications and for maintaining proper quality and speed of execution of works. Different stages at which funds shall be released...should also be clearly spelt out.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 95,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a long-term framework Memorandum of Understanding, as distinguished from one for a specific standalone work, is contemplated in the case of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Public Sector Undertakings only\",\r\n      \"Project Management Consultants engaged from the open market\",\r\n      \"Private contractors empanelled with the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Public Works Organisations\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.1.3-4 and 3.1.3-5.<\/b> A Memorandum of Understanding would normally be for a specific standalone work, though it may also cover a project consisting of a collection of related works; and in the case of Public Works Organisations it could additionally take the form of a long-term framework Memorandum of Understanding. <br> 'In case of MoU with Public work Organisations (PWOs) it could also be as a long-term framework MoU.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 96,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the Works Committee constituted by a Ministry or Department is to comprise:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Representatives of the administrative wing and the Finance wing, and an officer possessing technical skills and experience of framing estimates and execution of works\",\r\n      \"The Tender Committee members, sitting in an additional capacity\",\r\n      \"Representatives of the Finance wing and the Internal Audit wing, with a technical member from the Central Public Works Department\",\r\n      \"Officers of the administrative wing alone, technical advice being taken from the executing agency\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.1.3-6.<\/b> The Works Committee, whether constituted on an ad hoc or a standing basis, comprises representatives of the administrative wing and the Finance wing together with an officer possessing technical skills and experience of framing estimates and executing works. Members may, if needed, be co-opted from the User Department, Public Works Organisations, or technically sound institutions. <br> 'comprising of representatives of administrative wing and Finance wing and an officer possessing technical skills and experience of framing estimates and execution of works.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 97,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the functions of the Works Committee include:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Evaluating bids received and recommending award of the contract\",\r\n      \"According Technical Sanction to the detailed design\",\r\n      \"Ensuring due process in planning and execution, checking reasonability of estimates and technical details, and monitoring execution\",\r\n      \"Releasing payments to the contractor against measured quantities\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.1.3-6.<\/b> The Works Committee ensures observance of due process in planning and execution of works, checks the reasonability of the estimates and other technical details, and monitors execution. Bid evaluation, Technical Sanction and payment are distinct functions falling elsewhere in the procurement cycle. <br> 'The Works Committee shall ensure observance of due process in the planning and execution of works, check the reasonability of the estimates and other technical details and monitor the execution of the works.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 98,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in a lump sum contract the price quoted by the bidder is deemed to include all elements of cost, with the consequence that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Neither arithmetical correction nor price adjustment is allowed during evaluation or execution\",\r\n      \"Arithmetical correction is permitted at evaluation but not during execution\",\r\n      \"Price adjustment is permitted during execution but not at the evaluation stage\",\r\n      \"Both arithmetical correction and price adjustment are allowed, subject to the competent authority's sanction\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.1-1.<\/b> Since the bidder's price is deemed to include all elements of cost, no arithmetical correction and no price adjustment are permitted either during evaluation or during execution. This fixed price for a fixed scope is what makes the lump sum contract easy to administer, with payments linked to clearly specified outputs or milestones. <br> 'Bidder's price is deemed to include all elements of cost - no arithmetical correction or price adjustments are allowed during evaluation and execution.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 99,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in a lump sum contract, detailed measurements of work done are required to be recorded:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"For the entire work, as in an item rate contract\",\r\n      \"Only where the design has been prepared by the contractor\",\r\n      \"Only in respect of additions and omissions\",\r\n      \"Only where the contract value exceeds Rs 60 lakh\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.1-7.<\/b> Detailed measurements are not required in a lump sum contract except for additions and omissions, and no reference is made in the contract to the departmental estimate, the prevailing Schedule of Rates, or the quantities of work to be done. Payment for additions and omissions is regulated by the prevailing Schedule of Rates as agreed while approving the tender. <br> 'Detailed measurements of work done in a lump sum contract are not required to be recorded, except in respect of additions and omissions.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 100,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a Schedule of Rates may still be specified in a lump sum contract in order to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Fix the ceiling beyond which the contractor may not sub-contract the work\",\r\n      \"Regulate amounts to be added to or deducted from the fixed sum for additions and alterations not covered by the contract\",\r\n      \"Determine the lump sum price payable for the defined scope\",\r\n      \"Establish the eligibility of bidders at the qualification stage\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.1-5.<\/b> Although the lump sum price is fixed for a fixed scope, a Schedule of Rates may be specified to regulate the amounts added to or deducted from that fixed sum on account of additions and alterations to drawings, designs and specifications not covered by the contract. <br> 'A Schedule of Rates (SOR) may still be specified in order to regulate the amounts to be added to or deducted from the fixed sum on account of additions and alterations to drawings, designs and specifications not covered by the contract.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 101,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a lump sum contract is particularly suitable for:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Works where hidden foundation problems and unforeseen site conditions are anticipated\",\r\n      \"Works with significant risk of change in quantity or specification\",\r\n      \"Stereotype or repetitive residential buildings for which standard drawings are normally available\",\r\n      \"Major irrigation and sewer line works involving variable quantities\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.1-4.<\/b> Lump sum contracts suit works definable in their full physical and qualitative characteristics, where the risk of change in quantity or specification and of unforeseen site conditions is minimal \u2014 hence stereotype or repetitive residential buildings with standard drawings, and also minor bridge works, chimneys, bins or silos and overhead tanks. Works with variable quantities point instead to item rate contracts. <br> 'is suitable for stereotype\/ repetitive residential buildings or other structures for which standard drawings are normally available.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 102,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, since payment in a lump sum contract is not linked to time, the safeguard prescribed against time over-run is that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The assignment should be monitored every month against the planned time-line\",\r\n      \"A price adjustment should be applied for each month of delay\",\r\n      \"Payment should be withheld until the whole work is completed\",\r\n      \"The contract should provide for automatic termination on the due date\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.1-3.<\/b> Because payments are not linked to time, a contractor may economise on deployment of resources and cause a time over-run; the prescribed safeguard is monthly monitoring to ensure that progress each month is in line with the planned and estimated time-line. <br> 'the assignment should be monitored per month to ensure that the progress of work per month is in line with planned and estimated time-line.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 103,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which type of contract is described as the most commonly used for civil works, and as carrying the least risk of uncertainty for the parties?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Item rate contract\",\r\n      \"Piece work agreement\",\r\n      \"Percentage rate contract\",\r\n      \"Lump sum contract\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.2-1 and 3.2.2-3.<\/b> In an item rate contract the contractor quotes a rate for each individual item on the basis of the Bill of Quantities supplied by the procuring entity. It is the most commonly used contract type for civil works and is suitable for all major works such as buildings, bridges, culverts, roads, sewer lines and irrigation works, carrying the least risk of uncertainty for the parties. <br> 'This is the most commonly used contract type for civil works...and carries the least risk of uncertainty for the parties.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 104,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in an item rate contract, variations in Bill of Quantities quantities typically of the order of 25 to 30 per cent require:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Prior concurrence of the Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"No approval, such variations being treated as reasonable\",\r\n      \"Fresh tendering of the entire work\",\r\n      \"Sanction of the competent authority\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.2-2.<\/b> Reasonable variations of typically 10 to 15 per cent can be allowed during execution in terms of the contract, while slightly larger variations of typically 25 to 30 per cent require the competent authority's sanction. Where variation exceeds the prescribed limit, the contract generally provides either for revision of the rate by mutual agreement or for treating the excess work as a new item. <br> 'For slightly larger variation (Typically \u00b125% to \u00b130%) competent authority's sanction is required.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 105,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where the variation in quantity in an item rate contract exceeds the prescribed limit, the contract generally provides that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The contractor must execute the excess quantity at the originally quoted rate\",\r\n      \"The contract stands automatically terminated to the extent of the excess\",\r\n      \"The excess quantity is to be omitted from the contractor's scope in every case\",\r\n      \"The rate may be revised by mutual agreement, or the work beyond the limit treated as a new item requiring approval\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.2-2.<\/b> Beyond the prescribed limit, the procuring entity may revise the rate by mutual agreement, often based on analysis of current market rates, or the work beyond the limit may be treated as a new item requiring approval at appropriate levels. Neither compulsory execution at the original rate nor automatic omission or termination is contemplated. <br> 'either (a) the Procuring Entity may revise the rate with mutual agreement...or (b) the work beyond the limit may be treated as a new item, requiring approval at appropriate levels.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 106,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in a percentage rate contract the contractor is required to quote:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A single fixed sum covering the entire scope of the work\",\r\n      \"A single overall percentage above or below the total estimated cost\",\r\n      \"A separate rate for each individual item in the Bill of Quantities\",\r\n      \"A rate for each completed unit of a work element\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.3-1.<\/b> In a percentage rate contract the contractor quotes a rate as an overall percentage above or below the total estimated cost. Quoting item-wise rates describes an item rate contract, a single fixed sum a lump sum contract, and a rate per completed unit a piece work agreement. <br> 'For percentage rate contract, the contractors are required to quote rate as overall percentage above or below the total estimated cost.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 107,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, bills in a percentage rate contract are prepared by:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Preparing the bill at estimated rates for individual items and then adding or subtracting the percentage from the gross amount\",\r\n      \"Paying the contractor's own quoted rates for the measured quantities\",\r\n      \"Paying the fixed sum in instalments against completed milestones\",\r\n      \"Applying the quoted percentage to each individual item rate before totalling\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.3-3.<\/b> Bills are prepared at the estimated rates for individual items, and the percentage excess or reduction is then added to or subtracted from the gross amount of the bill, payment being made for the measured quantity. Contract provisions determine the price of items not included in the Schedule of Rates. <br> 'Bills for percentage rate contracts shall be prepared at the estimated rates for individual items only and the percentage excess or less shall be added or subtracted from the gross amount of the bill.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 108,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a percentage rate contract is appropriate for:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Large works requiring an elaborate design process and detailed drawings\",\r\n      \"Small and routine original works for which estimates can be made from available schedules of rates, and all repair works\",\r\n      \"Works where the contractor is to be made responsible for investigations and design\",\r\n      \"Works involving substantial uncertainty in quantities and site conditions\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.3-2.<\/b> This type works best where there is no major design process and simple drawings suffice, saving the time and effort of detailed design before procurement. It is used for small and routine original works estimable from available schedules of rates, and for all repair works, such as levelling and development works including storm water drainage, water supply and sewer lines. <br> 'This type of tender can be used in respect of for small and routine types of original works for which estimates can be made based on available schedule of rates and all repair works.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 109,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the feature that fundamentally distinguishes a percentage rate contract from a lump sum contract is the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Pricing structure adopted in each\",\r\n      \"Permissibility of variation in quantities\",\r\n      \"Use of the contract for repair works\",\r\n      \"Requirement to measure all executed quantities\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.3, Note.<\/b> The Manual cautions that the two are not to be confused, since the pricing structure is fundamentally different \u2014 a percentage rate contract prices by an overall percentage applied to an estimate with payment for the measured quantity, whereas a lump sum contract fixes a single sum for a fixed scope with measurement dispensed with save for additions and omissions. <br> 'Percentage rate contracts should not be confused with lump-sum contracts since the pricing structure in both the cases is fundamentally different.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 110,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the distinguishing feature of a piece work agreement is that the bidder quotes and is paid:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"For the complete work as a single fixed price\",\r\n      \"For each piece or unit of a work element, without detailed quantities necessarily being provided upfront\",\r\n      \"For each granular sub-activity listed in the Bill of Quantities\",\r\n      \"As a percentage above or below the sanctioned estimate\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.4-1.<\/b> A piece work agreement prices neither the complete work, as in a lump sum contract, nor the granular work element, as in an item rate contract, but each piece or unit of a work element, without detailed quantities necessarily being furnished upfront. It incentivises contractor productivity and gives the procuring entity cost control. <br> 'bidders quote and are paid for each piece (or unit) of a work element (neither the complete work as in lumpsum contract nor as granular work element as in item rate contract), without necessarily providing detailed quantities upfront.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 111,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a piece work agreement is drawn up because it is necessary to start a work in anticipation of formal acceptance of the detailed contract, that agreement is to be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Continued alongside the regular contract until the work is completed\",\r\n      \"Extended for a period of one year from the date of commencement\",\r\n      \"Converted into an item rate contract on the same terms\",\r\n      \"Cancelled as soon as the regular contract is signed\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.4-2(a).<\/b> In cases of anticipatory work commencement a piece work agreement may be drawn up, and it is to be cancelled as soon as the regular contract is signed. The one-year duration relates to the distinct case of a running piece work agreement for ongoing requirements. <br> 'a piece work agreement may be drawn, and the agreement may be cancelled as soon as regular contract is signed.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 112,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a running piece work agreement drawn up for ongoing requirements such as pipes, laying of sewerage or maintenance of colonies is usually drawn for a period of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Six months\",\r\n      \"One year\",\r\n      \"Two years\",\r\n      \"Three years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.4-2(b).<\/b> For ongoing requirements, quotations are called periodically and a running piece work agreement is drawn up as a result, usually for a period of one year, providing for payment at stipulated rates and stipulating that the procuring entity may end the agreement at its option at any time. <br> 'a running piece work agreement is drawn up as a result of those quotations usually for a period of one year.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 113,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the Engineering, Procurement and Construction approach, also called Design and Build, assigns to the contractor responsibility for:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Construction alone, the design being supplied by the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Investigations and design alone, construction being separately tendered\",\r\n      \"Design and construction, investigations remaining with the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Investigations, design and construction, for a lump sum price determined through competitive bidding\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.5-1.<\/b> The approach assigns responsibility for investigations, design and construction to the contractor for a lump sum price determined through competitive bidding, the objective being implementation to specified standards with a fair degree of certainty as to cost and time while transferring construction risks to the contractor. <br> 'assigning the responsibility for investigations, design and construction to the contractor for a lump sum price determined through competitive bidding.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 114,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, technical parameters in an Engineering, Procurement and Construction agreement are based mainly on:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The general arrangement drawings supplied by the contractor\",\r\n      \"Detailed construction specifications prescribed by the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"The Schedule of Rates applicable in the region\",\r\n      \"Output specifications and performance standards\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.5-3.<\/b> Unlike the normal practice of construction specifications, such agreements rest mainly on output specifications and performance standards: the procuring entity specifies only core requirements bearing on quality, durability, reliability, maintainability and safety, leaving the contractor freedom to design and plan the construction schedule and to add value. <br> 'the technical parameters in the EPC Agreement are based mainly on output specifications \/ performance standards.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 115,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in an Engineering, Procurement and Construction contract, which risk is borne by the procuring entity rather than the contractor?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Adverse soil conditions encountered at the site\",\r\n      \"Delay in handing over the land and in obtaining environment clearances\",\r\n      \"Commercial and technical risks relating to design\",\r\n      \"Weather affecting the construction programme\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.5-4.<\/b> Project risks such as soil conditions and weather, and commercial and technical risks relating to design and construction, are assigned to the contractor. The procuring entity bears the risk of delays in handing over land, approvals from local authorities, environment clearances, shifting of utilities and approvals of engineering plans. <br> 'The Procuring Entity bears the risk for any delays in handing over the land, approvals from local authorities, environment clearances, shifting of utilities and approvals in respect of engineering plans.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 116,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the recommendation that item rate contracts may be substituted by Engineering, Procurement and Construction contracts wherever appropriate emanated from:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Central Public Works Department, in revising its Works Manual\",\r\n      \"The Comptroller and Auditor General, in a performance audit report\",\r\n      \"The Central Vigilance Commission, on a review of works contracts\",\r\n      \"The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs, on the recommendations of the National Institution for Transforming India\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.5-2.<\/b> On the recommendations of the National Institution for Transforming India, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs recommended that item rate contracts may be substituted by Engineering, Procurement and Construction contracts wherever appropriate. <br> 'On the recommendations of National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog) the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has recommended that Item Rate contracts may be substituted by EPC contracts wherever appropriate.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 117,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the ceiling laid down in an Engineering, Procurement and Construction contract to cater for changes in the scope of the project, the cost of which the procuring entity bears, is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Ten per cent of the contract price\",\r\n      \"Twenty-five per cent of the contract price\",\r\n      \"Fifteen per cent of the contract price\",\r\n      \"Five per cent of the contract price\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.5-5.<\/b> A ceiling of ten per cent of the contract price is laid down for changes in project scope borne by the procuring entity. Once reached, no further variations may be issued under the existing contract, and any additional requirement must be procured separately through competitive bidding; only in exceptional cases of continuity may the existing contractor execute the additional scope, through a formally approved supplemental agreement with revised price and timelines concurred by the competent authority and finance. <br> 'It also lays down a ceiling of 10 (Ten) per cent of contract price to cater for any changes in the scope of project, the cost of which the Procuring Entity will bear.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 118,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the suggested technical capacity criterion for an Engineering, Procurement and Construction tender, reckoned over the five financial years preceding the bid due date, is receipt of payments amounting to at least:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"75 per cent of the estimated project cost from one eligible project, or 50 per cent from each of two, or 25 per cent from each of three\",\r\n      \"40 per cent of the estimated project cost from one eligible project, or 30 per cent from each of two, or 20 per cent from each of three\",\r\n      \"50 per cent of the estimated project cost from one eligible project, or 30 per cent from each of two, or 20 per cent from each of three\",\r\n      \"60 per cent of the estimated project cost from one eligible project, or 40 per cent from each of two, or 30 per cent from each of three\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.5-5(a).<\/b> The suggested technical capacity criterion is payment received for construction of eligible projects over the past five financial years of at least 60 per cent of the estimated project cost from one eligible project, or 40 per cent from each of two, or 30 per cent from each of three. <br> '60% of the estimated project cost from one eligible project, or 40% of the estimated project cost from each of two eligible projects, or 30% of the estimated project cost from each of three eligible projects.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 119,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the suggested financial capacity criterion for an Engineering, Procurement and Construction tender is a minimum net worth, at the close of the preceding financial year, of at least:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Ten per cent of the estimated project cost\",\r\n      \"Twenty per cent of the estimated project cost\",\r\n      \"Fifteen per cent of the estimated project cost\",\r\n      \"Twenty-five per cent of the estimated project cost\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.5-5(b).<\/b> The bidder should possess a minimum net worth of at least fifteen per cent of the estimated project cost at the close of the preceding financial year; and where the bid due date falls within three months of the closing of the latest financial year, that year may be ignored for the purpose of calculation. <br> 'The bidder should possess a minimum net worth of at least 15% of the estimated project cost at the close of the preceding financial year.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 120,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, sub-contracting by an Engineering, Procurement and Construction contractor:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Is permitted up to 75 per cent of the contract price, without intimation to the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Is limited to 50 per cent of the contract price, and must be brought to the notice of the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Is prohibited, the contractor being required to execute the whole work itself\",\r\n      \"Is permitted without any ceiling, provided each sub-contractor is separately pre-qualified\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.5-15.<\/b> Sub-contracting must be limited and should not exceed 50 per cent of the contract price, and any work to be sub-contracted must be brought to the notice of the procuring entity. Overall responsibility for all works nevertheless remains with the contractor. <br> 'Sub-contracting by the EPC contractor must be limited and should not exceed 50% of the contract price. Any work, to be sub-contracted by the main contractor, must be brought to the notice of the procuring entity.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 121,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the qualification prescribed for a sub-contractor under an Engineering, Procurement and Construction contract is, in the preceding three years, at least one work of a similar nature with a contract value exceeding:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"80 per cent of the value of the sub-contract, with payments received of at least 40 per cent of such contract\",\r\n      \"40 per cent of the value of the sub-contract, with payments received of at least 80 per cent of such contract\",\r\n      \"50 per cent of the value of the sub-contract, with payments received of at least 60 per cent of such contract\",\r\n      \"60 per cent of the value of the sub-contract, with payments received of at least 40 per cent of such contract\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.5-16.<\/b> The sub-contractor must, in the preceding three years, have executed at least one work of similar nature with a contract value exceeding 40 per cent of the value of the sub-contract to be awarded, and have received payments in respect thereof of at least 80 per cent of such contract. The contractor must in any event communicate the sub-contractor's name, particulars and relevant experience before entering into the sub-contract. <br> 'at least one work of a similar nature with a contract value exceeding 40% of value of the sub-contract to be awarded and received payments I respect thereof for an amount equal to at least 80% of such contract.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 122,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the documents that should form part of an Engineering, Procurement and Construction tender document are:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"General arrangement drawings and architectural control parameters\",\r\n      \"Complete structural drawings and detailed working drawings for the whole facility\",\r\n      \"The Bill of Quantities with item-wise estimated rates\",\r\n      \"The departmental estimate along with the Schedule of Rates adopted\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.5-17(c).<\/b> Only general arrangement drawings and architectural control parameters should form part of such a tender document, since design responsibility rests with the contractor. Timelines for submission of drawings by the contractor and their approval must be clearly prescribed, with damages for non-adherence. Detailed drawings, a Bill of Quantities or a departmental estimate belong to other contract types. <br> 'In case of EPC contracts, only general arrangement drawings and architectural control parameters should be part of the EPC tender document.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 123,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a Ministry proposes to deviate from those instructions on Engineering, Procurement and Construction contracts that are couched in mandatory terms, the deviation requires relaxation from:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The National Institution for Transforming India\",\r\n      \"The Procurement Policy Division of the Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"The Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"The administrative Secretary of the Ministry concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.5-17, Note.<\/b> Instructions in that sub-para couched as 'shall' are mandatory, and any deviation requires relaxation from the Ministry of Finance in the case of Ministries and Departments, or from the Board of Directors in the case of Central Public Sector Enterprises. <br> 'any deviation from these instructions shall require relaxation from Ministry of Finance (for Ministries\/ Departments etc.) or from the Board of Directors (for Central Public Sector Enterprises).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 124,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in a Public Private Partnership the private sector entity is one in which the private partner or partners hold equity of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Fifty-one per cent or more\",\r\n      \"Twenty-six per cent or more\",\r\n      \"Forty-nine per cent or more\",\r\n      \"Seventy-four per cent or more\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.6.<\/b> The private sector entity, or concessionaire, is a legal entity in which fifty-one per cent or more of the equity is held by the private partner or partners. The concessionaire is chosen on the basis of transparent and open competitive bidding and receives performance-linked payments benchmarked to pre-determined performance standards over the concession period. <br> 'a private sector entity (a legal entity in which 51% or more of equity is with the private partner\/s - concessionaire).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 125,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, instructions on Public Private Partnership arrangements, which may be referred to for further information, are issued by:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade\",\r\n      \"The Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.6.<\/b> Public Private Partnership instructions are issued from time to time by the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, and the provisions of this Manual are also applicable to works procurement carried out under the Public Private Partnership mode. <br> 'PPP instructions issue by Department of Economic Affairs (DEA), Ministry of Finance from time to time, may be referred.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 126,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the comparison of contract types in the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the contract type offering the highest scope flexibility is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Engineering, Procurement and Construction contract\",\r\n      \"Item rate contract\",\r\n      \"Lump sum contract\",\r\n      \"Public Private Partnership contract\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.7 (Comparison of Types of Contracts).<\/b> The item rate contract is rated as having high scope flexibility with medium risk to the contractor, suiting projects with variable quantities. Lump sum and Engineering, Procurement and Construction contracts are rated low on scope flexibility with high contractor risk, while a Public Private Partnership contract carries medium flexibility with risk shared between the public and private entities. <br> 'Item Rate Contract | Payment based on rates for units of work\/materials | High | Medium | Projects with variable quantities.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 127,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the comparison of contract types in the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the risk borne by the contractor in a piece work contract is characterised as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Dependent on productivity\",\r\n      \"Low, the procuring entity retaining the quantity risk\",\r\n      \"Shared between the public and private entities\",\r\n      \"High, the contractor being responsible for the entire project\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.2.7 (Comparison of Types of Contracts).<\/b> For a piece work contract, paid at a fixed rate per unit of work completed, the risk to the contractor is characterised as depending on productivity, its common use case being discrete unit work as in repair works. Risk borne for the entire project describes the Engineering, Procurement and Construction contract, and shared risk the Public Private Partnership contract. <br> 'Piece Work Contract | Fixed rate per unit of work completed | Medium | Depends on productivity | discrete unit work as in repair works.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 128,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding assignment of works:\\n1. A Ministry may directly execute repair works estimated to cost up to Rs 60 lakh.\\n2. Original works of any value may be assigned to a Public Works Organisation.\\n3. Assignment of work to a Public Sector Undertaking on nomination basis is to be made on a lump sum basis.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 3.1-2, 3.1.1 and 3.1.3-2.<\/b> All three are correct. Direct departmental execution is limited to repair works up to Rs 60 lakh; a Public Works Organisation may be assigned original and minor works of any value along with repair works above Rs 60 lakh; and where, in exceptional cases, work is assigned to a Public Sector Undertaking on nomination basis, the conditions for nomination apply and the work is likewise assigned on a lump sum basis. <br> 'The work under these circumstances shall also be assigned only on the basis of lump sum basis.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 129,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding types of contracts:\\n1. In a lump sum contract, no reference is made in the contract to the departmental estimate of the work or to the quantities of work to be done.\\n2. In an item rate contract, payment is made at the rate set out in the contract for the measured quantity.\\n3. In a percentage rate contract, the contractor quotes a separate percentage for each item of work.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 3.2.1-7, 3.2.2-2 and 3.2.3-1.<\/b> Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is wrong \u2014 in a percentage rate contract the contractor quotes a single overall percentage above or below the total estimated cost, not a separate percentage for each item. <br> 'the contractors are required to quote rate as overall percentage above or below the total estimated cost.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 130,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following systems of selection of contractors:\\n1. Price based Least Cost Selection\\n2. Quality and Cost Based Selection\\n3. Fixed Budget based Selection\\n4. Direct Selection through Single Source Selection\\nWhich of the above are recognised systems of selection?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3-2.<\/b> The nomenclature of selection methods recognised is threefold \u2014 Price based System, that is Least Cost Selection; Quality and Cost Based Selection; and Direct Selection, that is Single Source Selection. Fixed Budget based Selection is not among them. In works procurement the normal system is Least Cost Selection, Single Source Selection being used under very special circumstances and Quality and Cost Based Selection for highly technically complex and critical assignments. <br> 'a) Price based System - Least Cost Selection (LCS); b) Quality and Cost Based Selection (QCBS); c) Direct Selection: Single Source Selection (SSS)'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 131,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the minimum qualifying marks normally prescribed as a benchmark for the technical proposal under Least Cost Selection are:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"70 out of 100\",\r\n      \"75 out of 100\",\r\n      \"60 out of 100\",\r\n      \"80 out of 100\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.1-1.<\/b> Under Least Cost Selection the benchmark for quality of the technical proposal is normally 75 out of a maximum of 100, indicated in the Tender Document along with the scheme for allotting marks. The 70 to 80 range is the benchmark prescribed for Quality and Cost Based Selection, a distinct system. <br> 'Minimum qualifying marks for the quality of the technical proposal are prescribed as a benchmark (normally 75 (seventy-five) out of a maximum of 100 (hundred)).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 132,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a simplified evaluation criterion consisting only of a minimum pass or fail benchmark, in place of a marking scheme, is permissible under:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Two-stage bidding, since specifications are defined only at the second stage\",\r\n      \"Quality and Cost Based Selection, since technical scores are weighted\",\r\n      \"Single Source Selection, since only one contractor is considered\",\r\n      \"Least Cost Selection, since technical offers there need not be ranked\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.1-1.<\/b> Because technical offers under Least Cost Selection need not be ranked or added to the financial score, in appropriately simple cases a pass or fail benchmark suffices \u2014 such as having completed at least two similar assignments, or a turnover of at least Rs 10 crore. Under Quality and Cost Based Selection the technical score is weighted and must therefore be marked. <br> 'in LCS, simplified evaluation criteria may also be used where instead of a marking scheme, a minimum fail\/pass benchmark of technical evaluation may be prescribed.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 133,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, under Least Cost Selection the financial proposals of bidders found technically non-responsive are:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Opened but excluded from ranking\",\r\n      \"Left unopened\",\r\n      \"Opened and ranked, but not considered for award\",\r\n      \"Returned to the bidder after the contract is awarded\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.1-1.<\/b> Technical proposals are opened and evaluated first; only offers qualifying on the technical criteria are treated as technically responsive, and financial proposals are opened for those eligible and responsive offers alone, the financial bids of the others remaining unopened. The lowest offer among the responsive ones is then selected on price alone, without additional weightage for technical marks or ranking. <br> 'Financial proposals are then opened for only eligible and responsive offers (Financial bids of other unresponsive bidders remain unopened) and ranked.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 134,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, Least Cost Selection is to be used as the default method of evaluation, with the consequence that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Justification must be provided if a selection method other than Least Cost Selection is to be used\",\r\n      \"Approval of the Ministry of Finance is required before adopting Least Cost Selection\",\r\n      \"Technical criteria may be dispensed with altogether in works procurement\",\r\n      \"Any other method may be adopted at the discretion of the Tender Committee\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.1-3.<\/b> Least Cost Selection is the simplest and quickest system, allowing minimum satisfactory technical efficiency with economy, and is therefore to be used as the default under normal circumstances; justification must be furnished if any other selection method is to be adopted. Technical criteria are not dispensed with \u2014 a qualifying benchmark still applies. <br> 'this method of evaluation shall be used as default since it allows for minimum satisfactory technical efficiency with the economy. Justification must be provided if a selection method other than LCS is to be used.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 135,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, under Quality and Cost Based Selection in works procurement, the weightage allotted to technical proposals shall be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not more than 50 per cent\",\r\n      \"Not less than 30 per cent\",\r\n      \"Not more than 30 per cent\",\r\n      \"Exactly 40 per cent\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.2-4 and 3.3.2-2.<\/b> The maximum weight of non-financial parameters shall in no case exceed 30 per cent, the financial proposals correspondingly carrying 70 per cent or more as declared in the Tender. The weight for quality within that ceiling is to be chosen having regard to the complexity of the assignment and the relative importance of quality. <br> 'the maximum weight of the non-financial parameters shall in no case exceed 30%.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 136,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the minimum qualifying marks normally prescribed as the benchmark for quality of the technical proposal under Quality and Cost Based Selection are:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"50 to 60 out of 100\",\r\n      \"70 to 80 out of 100\",\r\n      \"60 to 70 out of 100\",\r\n      \"80 to 90 out of 100\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.2-2.<\/b> The benchmark is normally 70 to 80 out of a maximum of 100 marks, and proposals scoring below it are not considered for financial evaluation. Since the cost element carries as much as 70 per cent weight, financial considerations dominate, making it essential that this benchmark be set sufficiently high to weed out low-quality bids with low prices. <br> 'Minimum qualifying marks (normally 70-80 (seventy \u2013 eighty) out of a maximum of 100 (hundred) marks) as a benchmark for the quality of the technical proposal is prescribed.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 137,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, under Quality and Cost Based Selection the cost score is assigned by giving:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"100 marks to the lowest priced offer and pro-rated lower marks to higher priced offers\",\r\n      \"Equal marks to all bids falling within the margin of purchase preference\",\r\n      \"100 marks to the offer nearest the estimated cost, with deductions on either side\",\r\n      \"Marks in proportion to the difference between the quoted price and the sanctioned estimate\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.2-2.<\/b> Financial proposals are scored on relative ranking of prices, with 100 marks for the lowest and pro-rated lower marks for higher priced offers; the total score is obtained by weighting the quality and cost scores and adding them, and the firm with the highest total score is selected. <br> 'The Financial Proposals are also given cost-score based on the relative ranking of prices, with 100 (hundred) marks for the lowest and pro-rated lower marks for higher priced offers.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 138,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, Quality and Cost Based Selection is expressly not to be used in procurements planned to be done through:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Pre-qualification Bidding or Approved Vendor Lists\",\r\n      \"Two-stage bidding, Reverse Auction, or Limited Tenders\",\r\n      \"Open Tender Enquiry or Global Tender Enquiry\",\r\n      \"Engineering, Procurement and Construction or Public Private Partnership contracts\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.2-3(b).<\/b> Quality and Cost Based Selection shall not be used where the procurement is planned through two-stage bidding, which arises when the procuring entity cannot define technical specifications or performance parameters with adequate clarity, nor through Reverse Auction, nor through Limited Tenders. <br> 'QCBS shall not be used in the procurements planned to be done through two-stage bidding...or through Reverse Auction or through Limited tenders.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 139,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where the procuring entity is a Central Public Sector Enterprise, the authority competent to declare a procurement to be a Quality Oriented Procurement is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Board of Directors of that Central Public Sector Enterprise\",\r\n      \"The Secretary of the administrative Ministry\",\r\n      \"The Chairman and Managing Director of that Central Public Sector Enterprise\",\r\n      \"The Procurement Policy Division of the Department of Expenditure\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.2-5(a)(ii).<\/b> Where the procuring entity is a Central Public Sector Enterprise, the Board of Directors is the competent authority for declaring a procurement to be a Quality Oriented Procurement, corresponding to the Secretary of the Ministry or Department in the case of entities covered by Rule 1 of the General Financial Rules. <br> 'Where the procuring entity is a CPSE, the Board of Directors of the CPSE.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 140,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where the public authority is an Indian Institute of Technology or the Indian Institute of Science, a procurement may be declared a Quality Oriented Procurement by the Director of that institution, this provision applying to procurements so declared:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Without any limit of time\",\r\n      \"Only during the financial year in which the work is sanctioned\",\r\n      \"On or before 31.03.2027, subject to review thereafter\",\r\n      \"Only where the estimated cost exceeds Rs 200 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.2-5(a)(i)(3).<\/b> The Director of an Indian Institute of Technology or the Indian Institute of Science may declare such a procurement, but the provision is expressly applicable to procurements declared as Quality Oriented Procurement on or before 31.03.2027 and is to be reviewed thereafter. <br> 'This provision is applicable for Procurement declared as Q.O.P. on or before 31.03.2027 and will be reviewed thereafter.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 141,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the Special Technical Committee constituted in cases of Quality Oriented Procurement is to include not more than one member who:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Represents the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Possesses expert knowledge relevant to the procurement in question\",\r\n      \"Has extensive experience in handling public projects\",\r\n      \"Has experience in financial management, audit or accountancy\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.2-6(a).<\/b> The Committee comprises two or more persons with expert knowledge or long experience relevant to the procurement, one or more with extensive experience in public projects or public finance, and one or more with experience in financial management, administration, audit or accountancy \u2014 while not more than one member may represent the procuring entity, who may provide administrative support. No member may associate himself in any manner with any bidder for that procurement. <br> 'Not more than one member representing the procuring entity who may inter alia provide administrative support to the Committee.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 142,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the power to decide the names of members of the Special Technical Committee may be delegated by the competent authority, but shall not be delegated to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The officer or authority competent to finalise the particular procurement\",\r\n      \"Any officer of the public authority as distinguished from the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Any officer below the rank of Joint Secretary\",\r\n      \"An officer of the Finance wing of the procuring entity\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.2-6(b).<\/b> The names may be decided by the competent authority who approved the Quality Oriented Procurement declaration, or by any other authority to whom that power is delegated; but such power shall not be delegated to the officer or authority competent to finalise the particular procurement. Sitting fee may be paid to members, and incidental costs including travel are borne by the procuring entity. <br> 'however, powers shall not be delegated to the officer or authority competent to finalise the particular procurement.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 143,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a deviation from the recommendations of the Special Technical Committee requires approval of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The competent authority who approved the declaration of the procurement as a Quality Oriented Procurement\",\r\n      \"The Tender Committee constituted for the procurement\",\r\n      \"The Chairman of the Special Technical Committee\",\r\n      \"The Ministry of Finance in every case\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.2-6(d).<\/b> The Committee's recommendations are to be followed except where there are special grounds in public interest for deviating from them, and every case of deviation requires the approval of the same competent authority who approved the declaration of the procurement as a Quality Oriented Procurement. <br> 'every case of deviation from the recommendations of the STC shall require approval of the Competent Authority specified in sub-para 5) above who approved the declaration of the procurement as QOP.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 144,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a procurement should be declared a Quality Oriented Procurement only where there is enough justification in terms of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Limited availability of contractors enlisted for that category of work\",\r\n      \"Estimated cost exceeding the threshold prescribed for open tendering\",\r\n      \"Urgency certified by the indenting officer\",\r\n      \"Value addition, enhancement of delivery, or paramount importance of quality\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.2-7.<\/b> Declaration as a Quality Oriented Procurement demands justification in terms of value addition, enhancement of delivery, or paramount importance of quality, and the reasons for not adopting the two-cover, pre-qualification-based or least cost system must be documented. <br> 'A procurement should be declared as a QOP only if there is enough justification in terms of value addition or enhancement of delivery or paramount importance of quality.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 145,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in all cases of Quality Oriented Procurement a pre-bid meeting shall be held, and where that consultation necessitates changes in the technical criteria, such changes require:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Fresh approval of the Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"The recommendation of the Special Technical Committee\",\r\n      \"The consent of all bidders who attended the meeting\",\r\n      \"Re-issue of the Notice Inviting Tender\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.2-9.<\/b> A pre-bid meeting is mandatory in all cases of Quality Oriented Procurement, in which the technical criteria including the marking scheme are discussed with potential bidders; any change in criteria arising from that consultation requires the recommendation of the Special Technical Committee. <br> 'If any changes in the criteria are necessitated by such consultation, such changes shall require the recommendation of the STC.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 146,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, an organisation's accreditation to an International Organization for Standardization standard is cited as an example of a parameter that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Must be treated as a mandatory disqualifying criterion\",\r\n      \"Should carry the highest weight in the technical score\",\r\n      \"Ought not to be considered for relative scoring between bidders\",\r\n      \"Should be scored only where the bidder is a Joint Venture\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.2-10(c).<\/b> Such accreditations are fixed quality parameters required to establish the credentials of the contractor, but they cannot be used for relative comparison between various bidders and therefore ought not to enter into relative scoring. <br> 'Examples of fixed quality parameters that ought not to be considered for relative scoring include organisations' ISO\/ standards' accreditation, etc.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 147,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the standard prescribed for the scoring or marking criteria in a Quality Oriented Procurement is that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The criteria should permit each evaluator to apply his own professional judgement\",\r\n      \"The criteria should be settled by the evaluating panel after examining the bids received\",\r\n      \"The criteria should be disclosed only after the technical bids have been opened\",\r\n      \"The criteria should be specific and clear enough for bidders to self-mark their own bids\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.2-10(a).<\/b> Scoring should not depend on the subjective opinion of the evaluating panel; the marking scheme should yield almost similar scores irrespective of the persons involved, with unambiguous descriptions leaving only one possible score for an item, and the criteria should as far as possible be so specific and clear that bidders can self-mark their own bids. <br> 'As far as possible, the criteria should be so specific and clear that bidders can self-mark their own bids.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 148,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the position of Joint Ventures in a Quality and Cost Based Selection procurement of works is that they:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Are to be preferred, since combined credentials raise the technical score\",\r\n      \"Are permissible only where each partner independently meets the qualifying benchmark\",\r\n      \"Are to be avoided as far as possible, though they could become necessary in high technology or innovative projects\",\r\n      \"Are barred altogether, quality being weighted in the evaluation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.2-12.<\/b> Since quality is given weightage in the evaluation itself, Joint Ventures may be avoided as far as possible; they could nevertheless become necessary in high technology or innovative projects where a single entity cannot execute the work alone. Where allowed, measures such as an Implementation Board with all partners, and quarterly progress review linked to key dates or payment, should be provided. <br> 'in QCBS procurement, therefore, JVs may be avoided as far as possible. JVs could, however, become necessary in high technology or innovative projects where a single entity may not be able to execute the work alone.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 149,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, purchase preference under the Make in India Order is attracted in a works procurement evaluated through:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Two-stage bidding preceded by an Expression of Interest\",\r\n      \"Quality and Cost Based Selection\",\r\n      \"Least Cost Selection, the bid being evaluated on price alone\",\r\n      \"Any system, the method of evaluation being immaterial\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.5-2(b), read with Para 3.3.2.<\/b> The Make in India Order operates only where the bid is evaluated on price alone, as under Least Cost Selection. Where evaluation rests inter alia on non-price criteria \u2014 as in Quality and Cost Based Selection \u2014 purchase preference under the Order is not attracted, so the method of evaluation is far from immaterial. <br> 'MII purchase preference would not be applicable where evaluation is based inter-alia on non-price criteria, e.g., QCBS in Works.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 150,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, Single Source Selection is permissible in exceptional circumstances such as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Where the estimated cost of the work falls below Rs 10 lakh\",\r\n      \"Where the bids received in an open tender exceed the sanctioned estimate\",\r\n      \"Where only two contractors are enlisted for the category of work\",\r\n      \"Where the task represents a natural continuation of previous work carried out by the firm\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 194, GFR 2017; Para 3.3.3-1.<\/b> Single Source Selection, also called the nomination mode, is permissible in exceptional circumstances such as tasks representing a natural continuation of previous work by the firm; emergencies or situations after natural disasters where timely completion is of utmost importance; and assignments involving proprietary techniques or where only one contractor has the requisite expertise. <br> 'tasks that represent a natural continuation of previous work carried out by the firm.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 151,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the mitigation prescribed against the risk that an assignment may be split into parcels to avoid competitive selection is that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Every split parcel should be tendered on the Government e-Marketplace\",\r\n      \"Splitting should be permitted only with the approval of the Comptroller and Auditor General\",\r\n      \"The Schedule of Procurement Powers should severely restrict powers for Single Source Selection\",\r\n      \"Each parcel should be awarded to a different contractor\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.3, Risks and Mitigations.<\/b> Full justification for single source selection must be recorded on the file and the competent authority's approval obtained before resorting to it, the Schedule of Procurement Powers severely restricting such powers; and the procuring entity must ensure fairness and equity and that the work is not split into smaller procurements to avoid competitive processes. <br> 'schedule of Procurement Powers \u2013 SoPP should severely restrict powers for SSS selection.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 152,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, among the five parameters of procurement, the aspect addressed by the Mode of Procurement is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Right Source\",\r\n      \"Right Price\",\r\n      \"Right Quality\",\r\n      \"Right Time and Place\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 3.4-1 and 3.6-1.<\/b> Tendering systems balance the countervailing needs of Right Quality and Right Price; the Mode of Procurement addresses Right Source; and the Tender Document addresses Right Quantity and Right Time and Place. <br> 'while the Mode of Procurement addresses the 'Right Source', and the Tender Document addresses the Right quantity and 'Right Time and Place'.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 153,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the selection of a tendering system is to rest on the complexity and criticality of technical requirements and the value of procurement, with the consequence that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A tendering system once adopted must be used for all works of that category\",\r\n      \"Use of a value threshold alone for selecting a tendering system is discouraged\",\r\n      \"The tendering system must be settled before the Detailed Project Report is prepared\",\r\n      \"The two-stage system is mandatory above a prescribed monetary limit\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.4-1.<\/b> Since selection has to be based on both factors, using just a value threshold for choosing a tendering system is discouraged; the choice should rest on professional judgement of complexity and criticality of technical requirements together with the value of the procurement. <br> 'hence, just a value threshold for their use is discouraged. Selection should be based on professional judgement of the two factors mentioned above.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 154,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, two-stage bidding through Expression of Interest tenders is resorted to for:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Awarding work to a single source in emergent situations\",\r\n      \"Discovering price through successive online bids\",\r\n      \"Market exploration and shortlisting\",\r\n      \"Restricting participation to contractors enlisted with the procuring entity\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 164, GFR 2017; Para 3.4-1(b).<\/b> The tendering systems comprise the single stage single envelope system and the single stage two envelope or two bid system on the one hand, and two-stage bidding through Expression of Interest tenders for market exploration and shortlisting on the other. Restricted participation, online price discovery and single-source award describe modes and channels of procurement, not tendering systems. <br> 'Two Stage Bidding - Expression of Interest Tenders \u2013 Market Exploration\/ Shortlisting (Rule 164 of GFR 2017).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 155,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, receipt of bids through electronic procurement portals compliant with the prescribed quality guidelines is mandatory for all procurements, except in the case of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Procurement of original works as distinguished from repair works\",\r\n      \"Procurement made through a purchase committee\",\r\n      \"Procurement exceeding Rs 200 crore in value\",\r\n      \"Procurement by autonomous bodies and Central Public Sector Enterprises\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 160, GFR 2017; Para 3.5.1-2.<\/b> It is mandatory for Ministries and Departments to receive all bids through compliant electronic procurement portals for all procurements, and this condition is expressly inapplicable to procurement made through a purchase committee under Rule 155 of the General Financial Rules. <br> 'This condition will not be applicable for the procurement made through purchase committee (under Rule 155 of GFR, 2017).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 156,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in a Global Tender Enquiry, whether by open, limited or single tender:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Both electronic procurement and electronic publishing are dispensed with\",\r\n      \"Both electronic procurement and electronic publishing remain mandatory without exception\",\r\n      \"Electronic procurement remains mandatory, but electronic publishing is dispensed with\",\r\n      \"Electronic procurement may not be mandatorily insisted upon, but electronic publishing remains mandatory\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.5.1-4.<\/b> In a Global Tender Enquiry by any mode, electronic procurement may not be mandatorily insisted upon; electronic publishing, however, continues to be mandatory. <br> 'In Global Tender Enquiry (by any mode \u2013 Open Tender, Limited Tender or Single Tender), e-procurement may not be mandatorily insisted upon; however, e-publishing would still be mandatory.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 157,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, exemption from electronic procurement in individual cases where national security and strategic considerations demand confidentiality requires:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Approval of the concerned Secretary, with the concurrence of the Financial Adviser\",\r\n      \"Approval of the Ministry of Home Affairs\",\r\n      \"Prior clearance of the Procurement Policy Division\",\r\n      \"Approval of the Tender Committee, with reasons recorded\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.5.1-5.<\/b> Ministries and Departments may exempt such cases from electronic procurement after seeking the approval of the concerned Secretary and with the concurrence of Financial Advisers. In the distinct case of tenders floated by Indian Missions and Central Public Sector Enterprise units abroad, the competent authority for deciding the tender may grant the exemption. <br> 'Ministries\/ Departments may exempt such cases from e-procurement after seeking the approval of the concerned Secretary and with the concurrence of Financial Advisers.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 158,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the instructions on electronic procurement are stated not to apply to procurements made through:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Central Public Procurement Portal\",\r\n      \"Third-party service providers in the private sector\",\r\n      \"Electronic procurement portals of the National Informatics Centre\",\r\n      \"The Government e-Marketplace\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 160, GFR 2017; Para 3.5.1-8.<\/b> The electronic procurement instructions are expressly stated not to apply to procurements made by Ministries and Departments through the Government e-Marketplace, which operates under its own framework. <br> 'These instructions will not apply to procurements made by Ministries\/ Departments through Government e-Marketplace (GeM).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 159,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, Ministries or Departments that do not have a large volume of procurement, and have not so far initiated electronic procurement through any other solution:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Must engage a private sector service provider through open tender\",\r\n      \"Are exempted from electronic procurement altogether\",\r\n      \"Must route all their procurement through the Central Public Works Department\",\r\n      \"May use the electronic procurement solution developed by the National Informatics Centre\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.5.1-7.<\/b> Such Ministries and Departments, including those procuring only for the day-to-day running of offices, may use the solution developed by the National Informatics Centre; other Ministries and Departments may either use that solution or engage any other compliant service provider following due process. <br> 'may use e-procurement solution developed by NIC. Other Ministries\/ Departments may either use an e-procurement solution developed by NIC or engage any other service provider (GCQE compliant) following due process.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 160,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the practice of calling both electronic and manual bids in the same tender is described as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Permissible only in Global Tender Enquiries\",\r\n      \"Not a good practice\",\r\n      \"Mandatory for procurements below Rs 10 lakh\",\r\n      \"The preferred course, since it widens participation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.5.1-3.<\/b> Normally in electronic procurement no physical or off-line tender documents are provided nor manual bids accepted, and it is not a good practice to call both electronic and manual bids in the same tender; specific exemptions from electronic procurement are separately allowed where it is not convenient or feasible. <br> 'It is not a good practice to call both electronic and manual bids in the same tender.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 161,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in an Electronic Reverse Auction, which of the following is announced before the start of the auction?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The starting price, minimum bid decrement, duration, and maximum number of automatic extensions\",\r\n      \"The names of the bidders who have qualified technically\",\r\n      \"The estimated cost sanctioned for the work\",\r\n      \"The order in which bidders will be permitted to bid\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.5.2.<\/b> The starting price, minimum bid decrement, duration of the auction and the maximum number of automatic extensions are all announced before the online reverse auction begins. Bidder identities and the sanctioned estimate are not announced, the process being required to be conducted transparently and fairly. <br> 'The starting price, minimum bid decrement, duration of the auction, and the maximum number of automatic extensions are announced before the start of the online reverse auction.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 162,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, public procurement may be channelled by way of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Manual bids, electronic procurement platforms, the Government e-Marketplace, or third-party agencies\",\r\n      \"Least Cost Selection, Quality and Cost Based Selection and Single Source Selection\",\r\n      \"Single stage single envelope and single stage two envelope systems\",\r\n      \"Advertised, pre-qualification, restricted and nomination routes\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.5.<\/b> The channels of procurement are manual bids, electronic procurement platforms, the Government e-Marketplace portal, and third-party agencies. The advertised and restricted routes are modes of procurement, the envelope systems are tendering systems, and the three selection methods are systems of selection \u2014 three distinct classifications. <br> 'Public Procurement can be channelled by way of Manual Bids, eProcurement Platforms, GeM Portal or through third-party agencies.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 163,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a Quality and Cost Based Selection carrying a weight of 100 per cent for the cost element would theoretically be the same as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Single Source Selection\",\r\n      \"Two-stage bidding\",\r\n      \"Quality Based Selection\",\r\n      \"Least Cost Selection\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.2-6(c)(i) and 3.3.2-2.<\/b> Theoretically, a Quality and Cost Based Selection with 100 per cent weight for cost is the same as the price-based Least Cost Selection system, since no weight would then attach to the technical score. <br> 'theoretically QCBS system with weight of 100% (hundred percent) for the 'cost' is same as the price based LCS system.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 164,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, Least Cost Selection is considered suitable for engaging contractors in works procurement assignments that are:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Confined to a single contractor possessing proprietary techniques\",\r\n      \"Highly technically complex and critical in nature\",\r\n      \"Incapable of specification with adequate clarity at the tendering stage\",\r\n      \"Of a standard or routine nature, where well-established practices and standards exist\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.3.1-2.<\/b> Least Cost Selection suits most works procurement assignments of a standard or routine nature, such as construction works or non-complex engineering projects, where well-established practices and standards exist. Highly complex and critical assignments point to Quality and Cost Based Selection, and proprietary or sole-expertise situations to Single Source Selection. <br> 'LCS is considered suitable for engaging contractors in most works procurement assignments that are of a standard or routine nature.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 165,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding Quality and Cost Based Selection in works procurement:\\n1. The weight of non-financial parameters shall in no case exceed 30 per cent.\\n2. Members of the Special Technical Committee shall not be involved in the committee constituted for evaluation of bids.\\n3. A procurement may be declared a Quality Oriented Procurement without recording reasons for not adopting the least cost system.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 3.3.2-4, 6.4.5-2 and 3.3.2-7.<\/b> Statements 1 and 2 are correct \u2014 the ceiling on non-financial weight is 30 per cent, and members of the Special Technical Committee are excluded from the evaluation committee. Statement 3 is wrong, since the reasons for not adopting the two-cover, pre-qualification-based or least cost system must be documented. <br> 'Reasons for not adopting two cover\/ pre-qualification-based\/ least cost system shall be documented.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 166,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements:\\n1. Under Least Cost Selection, the lowest offer among responsive offers is selected on price alone, without additional weightage for technical marks.\\n2. Quality and Cost Based Selection may be adopted in works procurement declared to be a Quality Oriented Procurement by the competent authority.\\n3. Electronic procurement is mandatory for procurements made through the Government e-Marketplace under these instructions.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 3.3.1-1, 3.3.2-3(a) and 3.5.1-8.<\/b> Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is wrong \u2014 the electronic procurement instructions expressly do not apply to procurements made through the Government e-Marketplace. <br> 'These instructions will not apply to procurements made by Ministries\/ Departments through Government e-Marketplace (GeM).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 167,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the mode of procurement described as the default mode, giving the best value for money though relatively complex and prolonged, is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Limited Tender Enquiry\",\r\n      \"Single Tender Enquiry\",\r\n      \"Pre-qualification Bidding\",\r\n      \"Open Tender Enquiry\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.7-1.<\/b> In an Open Tender Enquiry the widest possible competition is sought by publishing the Notice Inviting Tender simultaneously on the designated websites; it is the default mode and gives the best value for money, but the procedure is relatively complex and prolonged, and its systemic cost may make it unviable for smaller value procurements. <br> 'This is the default mode of procurement and gives the best value for money, but the procedure is relatively complex and prolonged.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 168,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, Open Tender Enquiry procedures should be adopted for procurements exceeding a threshold of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs 10 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 5 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 25 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 50 lakh\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 139, GFR 2017; Para 3.7-2(a).<\/b> Open Tender Enquiry procedures apply to works procurements exceeding Rs 10 lakh, and also where requirements have clear technical specifications or can ordinarily be met by players in the open market. Even below Rs 10 lakh the mode may be used where the requirement cannot be met from known contractors and needs to be broad-based. <br> 'Procurements exceeding the threshold of Rs. 10 lakhs (Rupees Ten Lakh) in works procurement.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 169,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, participation in an Open Tender Enquiry:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Is confined to bidders enlisted with the procuring entity or with other Public Works Organisations\",\r\n      \"Should not be restricted to bidders enlisted with the procuring entity, though un-enlisted successful bidders may be required to get enlisted before the contract is placed\",\r\n      \"Is open only to bidders who have obtained the tender document on payment of its cost\",\r\n      \"Requires every bidder to be enlisted with the procuring entity before submitting a bid\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.7.1-1.<\/b> Participation must not be restricted to enlisted bidders, and those already enlisted are equally free to participate; the tender document may, however, mention that a successful un-enlisted bidder may have to get enlisted before the contract is placed. <br> 'Participation should not be restricted to only Bidders enlisted with the Procuring Entity...However, a requirement that successful un-enlisted Bidders may have to get enlisted with the Procuring Entity, before contract is placed on them, may be mentioned in the tender document.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 170,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the position regarding advertisement of tenders in newspapers is that it is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"No longer mandatory, though there is no bar on issuing such advertisements\",\r\n      \"Mandatory for all procurements exceeding Rs 10 lakh\",\r\n      \"Prohibited, publicity being confined to the designated portals\",\r\n      \"Mandatory only for Global Tender Enquiries\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.7.1-2.<\/b> Advertisements are to be given on the Government e-Marketplace and Central Public Procurement Portal, and organisations having their own website must publish there too; while newspaper advertisement is no longer mandatory, there is no bar on issuing it where the procuring entity considers it necessary. <br> 'While it is no longer mandatory to issue advertisements in newspapers, there is no bar to issuing such advertisements if the procuring entity consider the necessary.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 171,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, to promote wider participation and ease of bidding, tender documents downloaded by bidders:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"May be charged for at a rate covering the cost of preparation\",\r\n      \"May be charged for only in the case of Global Tender Enquiries\",\r\n      \"May be supplied without any cost being charged\",\r\n      \"May be supplied only to bidders enlisted with the procuring entity\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.7.1-2 and 3.7.1-4.<\/b> No cost of tender documents may be charged for documents downloaded by bidders, and the sale or availability for downloading of tender documents against a Notice Inviting Tender should not be restricted but should be freely available. <br> 'To promote wider participation and ease of bidding, no cost of tender documents may be charged for the tender documents downloaded by the bidders.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 172,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the restriction on issuing a Global Tender Enquiry for procurements up to Rs 200 crore is expressly stated to be inapplicable to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Engineering, Procurement and Construction contracts\",\r\n      \"Procurements funded by International Funding Agencies\",\r\n      \"Works executed through Public Works Organisations\",\r\n      \"Public Private Partnership projects\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.8.2.<\/b> The restriction on Global Tender Enquiries up to Rs 200 crore is expressly not applicable to Public Private Partnership projects. Where such an enquiry is proposed, the proposal must contain details of deliberations with the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade and relevant industrial or construction industry bodies for identification of domestic contractors. <br> 'Note that GTE restrictions upto Rs. 200 crores is not applicable for PPP projects.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 173,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in relation to the participation of agents of foreign contractors in a Global Tender Enquiry:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Both the agent and the foreign contractor may participate, provided each submits a separate bid\",\r\n      \"Either the agent on behalf of the foreign contractor or the foreign contractor directly may participate, but not both\",\r\n      \"Only the agent may participate, the foreign contractor being represented through him\",\r\n      \"Only the foreign contractor may participate, agents being barred altogether\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.8.3.<\/b> Works procurement should preferably be made directly from contractors; either an agent on behalf of the foreign contractor or the foreign contractor directly may participate in the tender, but not both. Further, an agent participating on behalf of one contractor should not be allowed to quote on behalf of another alongside the first, and agents' commissions and scope of services must be explicit and transparent in the bids and contracts. <br> 'Either an agent on behalf of the foreign contractor or the foreign contractor directly could participate in the tender, but not both.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 174,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in a Global Tender Enquiry, prices for incidental goods or services performed or sourced in India must be quoted and paid for:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"In the currency of the foreign bidder's country\",\r\n      \"In a combination of Indian Rupees and a freely convertible currency\",\r\n      \"In any freely convertible currency chosen by the bidder\",\r\n      \"In Indian Rupees\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.6(a).<\/b> Foreign bidders may quote and receive payment in Indian Rupees or in freely convertible currencies or a combination thereof, but prices for incidental goods and services performed or sourced in India, including agency commission, must be quoted and paid for in Indian Rupees. Indian bidders are required to quote in Indian Rupees only. <br> 'prices for incidental goods\/ services (including Agency Commission) performed or sourced in India must be quoted and pad for in Indian Rupees.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 175,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the Pre-qualification Criterion applied in the first phase of Pre-qualification Bidding covers:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Past experience of similar contracts, performance capability and financial strength\",\r\n      \"Technical specifications offered, delivery schedule and price\",\r\n      \"Local content, turnover and registration with the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Net worth, bid security offered and proposed methodology\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.9.1-2.<\/b> In the first phase, competent qualified bidders are shortlisted using a Pre-qualification Criterion covering past experience of similar contracts, performance capability and financial strength; no techno-commercial or financial details are asked for at that stage. Tender documents are issued in the second phase and only shortlisted bidders' bids are evaluated. <br> 'a Pre-qualification Criterion (PQC covering - i) past experience of similar contracts, ii) performance capability and iii) financial strength).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 176,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, although Pre-qualification Bidding involves a separate phase, it is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Semantically counted as a two-stage bidding system\",\r\n      \"Not semantically counted as a two-stage bidding\",\r\n      \"Treated as a restricted mode of procurement\",\r\n      \"Treated as a nomination mode of procurement\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.9.1-1.<\/b> Even though Pre-qualification Bidding has a separate phase, it is not semantically counted as two-stage bidding. It falls among the pre-qualification modes, in which shortlisting rests on qualification criteria applied through wide publicity, as distinguished from the restricted modes, where shortlisting rests on less rigorous checks of capability and past experience. <br> 'Although there is a separate phase of PQB bidding, it's not semantically counted as a two-stage bidding.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 177,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, two-phase Pre-qualification Bidding is contraindicated where:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The procurement is significantly complex in technical and commercial terms\",\r\n      \"The capability of the contractor is crucial to performance of the contract\",\r\n      \"The time, effort and money required from a bidder to participate is high\",\r\n      \"The procurement is being done through limited tender enquiries\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.9.1-3.<\/b> Since the two-phase system may strain the transparency principle and carries a heightened risk of anti-competitive practices, it should be exceptional and is contraindicated where procurement is through limited tender enquiries, where the requirement is not complex enough for pre-qualification to be crucial, and where the burden of participating is not significant so that clear fail-pass criteria in single-stage tendering will suffice. <br> 'Where procurement is being done through limited tender enquiries.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 178,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the standard prescribed for framing Pre-qualification Criteria is that they should be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Unrestrictive enough not to leave out even one capable contractor, yet restrictive enough not to allow even one incapable contractor\",\r\n      \"Framed so as to admit the largest possible number of bidders irrespective of capability\",\r\n      \"Restrictive enough to confine competition to contractors enlisted with the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Uniform for all works of a category, so as to avoid case-by-case variation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.9.1-4.<\/b> The criteria must not exclude even one capable contractor, which would raise prices, nor admit even one incapable contractor, which would vitiate fair competition; a misjudgement in either direction is detrimental. They must not unreasonably exclude a Class-I or Class-II local supplier beyond what is essential for quality or creditworthiness, and are to be decided for each procurement with the competent authority's approval. <br> 'PQC should be unrestrictive enough not to leave out even one capable contractor...these criteria should be restrictive enough so as not to allow even one incapable contractor.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 179,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a pre-qualification shortlist is valid for:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"All procurements until the shortlist is formally cancelled\",\r\n      \"All procurements of that category during the financial year\",\r\n      \"A period of three years from the date of approval\",\r\n      \"A single subsequent procurement\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.9.1-8.<\/b> The shortlist is for a single subsequent procurement, in which bids are invited only from the qualified bidders and all other bids are treated as unsolicited offers that are normally rejected; that second phase is handled as a normal two-envelope tender, and the gap between pre-qualification approval and floating of the linked main tender should normally be less than six months. <br> 'The pre-qualification shortlist shall be for a single subsequent procurement.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 180,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the time gap between approval of the pre-qualification and floating of the linked main procurement tender should normally be less than:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Three months\",\r\n      \"Six months\",\r\n      \"Nine months\",\r\n      \"Twelve months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.9.1-8.<\/b> The gap between pre-qualification approval and the floating of the linked main procurement tender should normally be less than six months, so that the qualification assessment remains current for the procurement it supports. <br> 'The time gap between the pre-qualification approval and the floating of the linked main procurement tender should normally be less than six months.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 181,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in Single Stage Pre-qualification the fail-pass Pre-qualification Criteria are submitted as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A separate first phase preceding issue of the tender document\",\r\n      \"The first additional envelope in a single-stage three envelopes system\",\r\n      \"Part of the financial bid, opened after technical evaluation\",\r\n      \"A post-bid submission by the lowest evaluated bidder\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.9.2-1.<\/b> Where the procurement is significantly complex and contractor capability crucial, but the time, effort and money required from a bidder to participate is not very high, a clear-cut fail-pass Pre-qualification Criteria may be sought as the first additional envelope in a single-stage three envelopes system, so that a diligent bidder's risk of rejection on qualification grounds is remote. <br> 'a clear-cut, fail-pass Pre-Qualification Criteria...can be asked to be submitted as the first (additional) envelope in a single-stage three envelopes system.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 182,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the practice of inviting bids for works tenders only from empanelled contractors:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Is barred altogether, empanelment serving only a record-keeping purpose\",\r\n      \"Is to be followed for all works tenders irrespective of value\",\r\n      \"Is ordinarily confined to tenders up to a threshold value decided by the project executing authorities\",\r\n      \"Is permissible only where the empanelled list contains more than twelve contractors\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.9.1-7.<\/b> Public authorities may empanel or register contractors for works they require regularly, reviewing performance periodically, updating the list regularly, and upgrading, downgrading or de-listing based on performance; empanelment must be fair and equitable, preferably online after due publicity. The practice of inviting bids only from empanelled contractors may be confined to tenders up to a threshold value decided by the project executing authorities. <br> 'The practice of inviting bids for works tenders only from empanelled contractors may be confined to tenders up to certain threshold value, as decided by the project executing authorities.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 183,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, Limited Tender Enquiry is the default mode of procurement where the estimated value of procurement is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Up to Rs 5 lakh\",\r\n      \"Up to Rs 25 lakh\",\r\n      \"Up to Rs 10 lakh\",\r\n      \"Up to Rs 50 lakh\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 162, GFR 2017; Para 3.10.<\/b> Limited Tender Enquiry procedures are the default where the estimated value is up to Rs 10 lakh. The mode is also available where a limited number of tenderers are known to possess the requisite skills, technology and resources by reason of the highly complex or specialised nature of the work, or for works of a secret nature. <br> 'LTE procedures should be the default mode of procurement when the estimated value of procurement is upto Rs 10 lakhs (Rupees Ten Lakh).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 184,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the minimum number of bidders to whom a Limited Tender Enquiry should be sent is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"More than three\",\r\n      \"Three\",\r\n      \"Five\",\r\n      \"Eight\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.10.1-4.<\/b> The enquiry should go to more than three bidders. Where fewer than three approved contractors are available, it may be sent to those available with the competent authority's approval and reasons duly recorded, and efforts should then be made to identify more approved contractors so as to obtain competitive responsive bids. <br> 'The minimum number of bidders to whom LTE should be sent is more than three.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 185,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where the number of enlisted bidders for a work is large and unwieldy, the course prescribed is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"To invite all enlisted bidders without exception\",\r\n      \"To switch to an Open Tender Enquiry irrespective of value\",\r\n      \"To use a transparent system of rotation of invitation to keep the invited shortlist manageable\",\r\n      \"To select the bidders by drawing lots in the presence of the Tender Committee\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.10.1-2.<\/b> A transparent system of rotation of invitation to bid may be used to keep the invited shortlist to a manageable number, say eight to twelve. The panel proposed to be sent tender documents must in any case be approved by the competent authority before the tender is floated. <br> 'a transparent system of rotation of invitation to bid may be used to keep the invited shortlist to a manageable number (say 8 to 12).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 186,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, Bid Security and Performance Security in a Limited Tender Enquiry are:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Normally not taken, since selected bidders are enlisted with the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Taken at twice the rate applicable in an Open Tender Enquiry\",\r\n      \"Required from bidders not enlisted with the procuring entity alone\",\r\n      \"Taken in every case, as in an Open Tender Enquiry\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.10.1-7.<\/b> Since bidders invited in a Limited Tender Enquiry are normally already enlisted or registered with the procuring entity, Bid Security or Earnest Money Deposit and Performance Security are normally not taken. <br> 'Since selected bidders are normally enlisted\/ registered with the Procuring Entity, Bid Security\/ EMD and Performance Security are normally not taken in LTE.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 187,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a limited or open tender that results in only one effective offer shall be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Cancelled and re-tendered in every case\",\r\n      \"Accepted at the quoted rate without further approval\",\r\n      \"Treated as a single tender enquiry situation, with the relevant powers of approval\",\r\n      \"Referred to the Special Technical Committee for evaluation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.10.2.<\/b> Where a limited or open tender yields only one effective offer, it is to be treated as a single tender enquiry situation, attracting the relevant powers of approval applicable to that mode. <br> 'a limited or open tender that results in only one effective offer shall be treated as a single tender enquiry situation, with relevant powers of approval, etc.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 188,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where it is proposed to exclude a registered or approved contractor from being shortlisted for a Limited Tender Enquiry:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Detailed reasons must be recorded and the competent authority's approval taken before exclusion\",\r\n      \"No formality is required, shortlisting being discretionary\",\r\n      \"The contractor must first be de-listed from the panel altogether\",\r\n      \"The exclusion must be notified to all other bidders in the tender\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.10.2.<\/b> The panel should not be changed after the enquiry is published, and all past successful bidders must invariably be invited; where exclusion of a registered or approved contractor is proposed, detailed reasons such as failure in supply must be duly recorded and the competent authority's approval obtained before exclusion. <br> 'detailed reasons, such as failure in supply, should be duly recorded, and approval of the CA should be taken before exclusion.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 189,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in a domestic tender any bid quoted in foreign currency shall be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Converted at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of bid opening\",\r\n      \"Referred to the competent authority for a decision on acceptability\",\r\n      \"Considered after seeking the bidder's confirmation in Indian Rupees\",\r\n      \"Summarily rejected\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.10.1-6.<\/b> In domestic tenders any bid in foreign currency is to be summarily rejected; the flexibility to quote in freely convertible currencies is confined to foreign bidders in Global Tender Enquiries. <br> 'In domestic tenders, any bid in foreign currency should be summarily rejected.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 190,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, powers to sanction procurement on a Special Limited Tender Enquiry basis are laid down in the Schedule of Procurement Powers on the basis of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A recommendation of the Tender Committee\",\r\n      \"A certificate of urgency signed by the indentor\",\r\n      \"Prior concurrence of the Financial Adviser in each case\",\r\n      \"A resolution of the Works Committee\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rules 139(v) and 162, GFR 2017; Para 3.11.<\/b> This mode is permissible in certain special circumstances above Rs 10 lakh, where normally an Open Tender Enquiry would have been used, and the powers to sanction it are laid down in the Schedule of Procurement Powers based on a certificate of urgency signed by the indentor. <br> 'Powers to sanction procurement on an SLTE basis in such exceptional cases may be laid down in SoPP based on a certificate of urgency signed by the indentor.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 191,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a Special Limited Tender Enquiry is resorted to on grounds of urgency, the Ministry or Department must also put on record:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The names of the contractors excluded from the shortlist\",\r\n      \"A comparison of the rates with the last purchase price\",\r\n      \"The nature of the urgency and the reasons why the procurement could not be anticipated earlier\",\r\n      \"The concurrence of the Central Vigilance Commission\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.11.<\/b> The competent authority must certify an existing or prospective urgency for operational or technical requirements and that the additional expenditure involved in not going to advertised tender is justified; and the Ministry or Department must also record the nature of the urgency and why the procurement could not have been anticipated earlier. <br> 'The Ministry\/Department should also put on record the nature of the urgency and reasons why the procurement could not be anticipated earlier.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 192,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a Single Tender Enquiry is justified on the ground that the work represents a natural continuation of previous work carried out by the firm, the incremental work should not exceed:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Ten per cent of the original contract value\",\r\n      \"Fifteen per cent of the original contract value\",\r\n      \"Fifty per cent of the original contract value\",\r\n      \"Twenty-five per cent of the original contract value\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 166, GFR 2017; Para 3.12-2.<\/b> Single sourcing on the ground of natural continuation is available having regard to the limited size of the additional work in relation to the original procurement and the reasonableness of the price, but the incremental work should not be more than twenty-five per cent of the original contract value. <br> 'However, the incremental work should not be more than 25 (twenty-five) percent of the original contract value.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 193,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, urgency justifies resort to a Single Tender Enquiry only where the circumstances giving rise to it were:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Certified as urgent by the Tender Committee\",\r\n      \"Brought to the notice of the Financial Adviser before the tender was floated\",\r\n      \"Neither foreseeable by the procuring entity nor the result of dilatory conduct on its part\",\r\n      \"Recorded in the Annual Procurement Plan for the year\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.12-1.<\/b> There must be an urgent need for the work making a competitive tendering process impractical, and the circumstances giving rise to that urgency must have been neither foreseeable by the procuring entity nor the result of dilatory conduct on its part \u2014 so an entity cannot rely on urgency of its own making. <br> 'provided that the circumstances giving rise to the urgency were neither foreseeable by procuring entity nor the result of dilatory conduct on its part.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 194,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a report relating to awards made on nomination basis is required to be submitted:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Every month\",\r\n      \"Once in a financial year\",\r\n      \"Every half year\",\r\n      \"Every quarter\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.12.1-3(a).<\/b> A report relating to such awards is to be submitted every quarter \u2014 to the Secretary in the case of Ministries and Departments, to the Board of Directors or equivalent managing body in the case of Public Sector Undertakings, Public Sector Banks and insurance companies, and to the Chief Executive where no such managing body exists. <br> 'a report relating to such awards on nomination basis shall be submitted every quarter.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 195,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the audit committee or similar unit in the organisation may be required to check, in the case of Single Tender procurements, at least:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Five per cent of such cases\",\r\n      \"Twenty-five per cent of such cases\",\r\n      \"Twenty per cent of such cases\",\r\n      \"Ten per cent of such cases\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.12.1-3(b).<\/b> Besides the quarterly reporting requirement, the audit committee or similar unit in the organisation may be required to check at least ten per cent of Single Tender procurement cases. <br> 'The audit committee or similar unit in the organisation may be required to check at least 10% of such cases.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 196,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, award of work through quotations may be used for minor civil works in each instance up to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs 2 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 25 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 10 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 5 lakh\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rules 154 and 155, GFR 2017; Para 3.13-1.<\/b> Quotations may be used up to Rs 5 lakh in each instance for minor civil works such as construction of boundary walls, installation of safety barriers or guardrails, and repair, maintenance or plumbing works for which an established market exists; and the procuring entity must not divide its procurement into separate contracts to bring the amount below that figure. <br> 'Use of quotations up to Rs Five lakh in each instance shall be adopted for procurement of minor civil works.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 197,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where work is awarded through quotations, quotations must be requested from as many contractors as practicable but positively from at least:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Two contractors\",\r\n      \"Three contractors\",\r\n      \"Four contractors\",\r\n      \"Six contractors\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.13-2.<\/b> Quotations must be requested from as many contractors as practicable but positively from at least three, and each contractor must be told whether elements other than the charges for the works, such as transportation and insurance charges, duties and taxes, are to be included in the price. <br> 'Procuring entity shall request quotations from as many contractors as practicable but positively from at least three contractors.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 198,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a contractor from whom a quotation has been sought for award of minor civil works:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"May submit alternative quotations for different methodologies\",\r\n      \"May revise the quotation once before the date fixed for opening\",\r\n      \"May give only one price quotation, and may not change it once given\",\r\n      \"May match the lowest quotation received after the quotations are opened\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.13-3 and 3.13-4.<\/b> Each contractor is permitted to give only one price quotation and is not permitted to change it. Award of work through quotations is moreover to be resorted to only in emergent cases, with suitable reasons recorded. <br> 'Each contractor or contractor is permitted to give only one price quotation and is not permitted to change its quotation.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 199,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a contractor abandons a work mid-way, the balance work may be awarded through a limited or single tender only if the abandoning contractor had billed at least:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Ten per cent of the work\",\r\n      \"Twenty per cent of the work\",\r\n      \"Twenty-five per cent of the work\",\r\n      \"Fifty per cent of the work\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.14-2.<\/b> Notwithstanding anything in the General Financial Rules or the Manual, procuring entities should devise methods including limited or single tenders for part-completed contracts abandoned mid-way; but for issuing such tenders at least twenty per cent of the work should have been billed by the contractor who abandoned it. <br> 'for issuance of limited\/single tenders in such cases, at least 20% of work should have been billed by the contractor who has abandoned the work.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 200,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, procurement approval for a limited or single tender issued to complete a work abandoned by the original contractor should be at:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The same level as would have applied to the original contract\",\r\n      \"The next higher level, or such level as may be prescribed\",\r\n      \"The level of the Secretary of the Ministry in every case\",\r\n      \"The level of the Works Committee constituted for the work\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.14-2.<\/b> Because such tendering departs from the competitive norm, procurement approval in these cases should be at the next higher level, or at such level as may be prescribed. <br> 'Procurement approval of such limited\/single tender should be at the next higher level, or such level as may be prescribed.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 201,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, agreements with contractors to execute works at pre-agreed rates during a specified validity period are known as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Approved Vendor Lists\",\r\n      \"Piece Work Agreements\",\r\n      \"Framework Agreements\",\r\n      \"Memoranda of Understanding\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.6-3(f).<\/b> Framework Agreements, also known as Rate Contracts, are agreements with contractors to execute works at pre-agreed rates during a specified validity period. Approved Vendor Lists are a pre-qualification mode, piece work agreements a type of contract, and Memoranda of Understanding the instrument used with executing organisations. <br> 'Framework Agreements: Also known as Rate Contracts, are agreements with contractors to execute works at pre-agreed rates during a specified validity period.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 202,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the feature distinguishing the restricted modes of procurement from the pre-qualification modes is that in the restricted modes:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"No formal bids are called for at all\",\r\n      \"Procurement is made from a single source in special circumstances\",\r\n      \"Shortlisting rests on less rigorous checks of capability and past experience, rather than on rigorous qualification criteria applied through wide publicity\",\r\n      \"Bidders are selected on the basis of quality scores rather than price\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.6-3(b) and 3(c).<\/b> In the pre-qualification modes, shortlisting is done transparently on qualification criteria through wide publicity akin to advertised tenders; in the restricted modes, comprising Limited Tender Enquiry and Special Limited Tender Enquiry, shortlisting or registration rests on less rigorous checks of capability and past experience. Single sourcing describes the nomination mode, and dispensing with formal bids the quotations mode. <br> 'Unlike the Pre-qualification mode, the shortlisting is not based on rigorous qualification criteria through wide publicity.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 203,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, procurement restricted to contractors pre-approved and included on a long-term multi-use list, based on their demonstrated ability to meet required standards, describes:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Approved Vendor Lists\",\r\n      \"Pre-Qualification Bidding\",\r\n      \"Special Limited Tender Enquiry\",\r\n      \"Framework Agreements\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.6-3(b)(ii).<\/b> Approved Vendor Lists restrict procurement to contractors pre-approved on a long-term multi-use list based on demonstrated ability to meet required standards, and are classified alongside Pre-Qualification Bidding among the pre-qualification modes. Pre-Qualification Bidding, by contrast, shortlists for a single subsequent procurement. <br> 'Approved Vendor Lists (AVL): Procurement is restricted to contractors who have been pre-approved and included on a long-term multi-use list based on their demonstrated ability to meet the required standards.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 204,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the mitigation prescribed against the risk that demand may be artificially split to avoid an Open Tender Enquiry or higher-level approvals is that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The electronic procurement portal may be programmed to raise an alert where the same item is repeatedly procured through a Limited Tender Enquiry\",\r\n      \"All Limited Tender Enquiries must be converted into Open Tender Enquiries\",\r\n      \"Every Limited Tender Enquiry must be approved by the Secretary of the Ministry\",\r\n      \"Limited Tender Enquiries must be confined to contractors of the highest registered class\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.10.2(a).<\/b> The portal may be programmed to raise an alert if the same item is attempted to be procured repeatedly through a Limited Tender Enquiry, and audit should take up a larger percentage of such cases for review. <br> 'The e-procurement portal may be programmed to raise an alert if the same item is attempted to be procured through LTE repeatedly. Audit should take up a larger percentage of cases in LTE for review.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 205,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the time that should ordinarily be allowed for submission of bids in a Limited Tender Enquiry is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"About two weeks\",\r\n      \"About one week\",\r\n      \"About four weeks\",\r\n      \"About six weeks\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.10.2.<\/b> Sufficient time should be allowed for submission of bids, say two weeks; a shorter or longer period may be allowed if considered sufficient and justified by the urgency or complexity of the requirement. Web-based publicity should also be given, with a clarification that unsolicited bids shall not be considered. <br> 'Sufficient time should be allowed for the submission of bids, say two weeks.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 206,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in an off-line Limited Tender Enquiry, publication of the tender enquiry on the Government e-Marketplace and Central Public Procurement Portal is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Optional, direct despatch to enlisted bidders being sufficient\",\r\n      \"Mandatory, in addition to sending documents directly to enlisted bidders\",\r\n      \"Barred, since the mode is restricted to selected bidders\",\r\n      \"Required only where fewer than three approved contractors are available\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.10.1-3.<\/b> Copies of the tender documents are sent free of cost directly to enlisted bidders by speed post, courier or electronic mail, and in addition the procuring entity must mandatorily publish its limited tender enquiries on the Government e-Marketplace and Central Public Procurement Portal, as well as on its own or its Ministry's website. <br> 'Procuring Entity should also mandatorily publish its limited tender enquiries on GeM- Central Public Procurement Portal (GeM-CPPP).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 207,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding modes of procurement:\\n1. Limited Tender Enquiry is the default mode where the estimated value is up to Rs 10 lakh.\\n2. A Special Limited Tender Enquiry may be resorted to for values above Rs 10 lakh in special circumstances.\\n3. Award of work through quotations may be used up to Rs 10 lakh in each instance.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 3.10, 3.11 and 3.13-1.<\/b> Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is wrong \u2014 award of work through quotations is confined to Rs 5 lakh in each instance, not Rs 10 lakh. <br> 'Use of quotations up to Rs Five lakh in each instance shall be adopted for procurement of minor civil works.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 208,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding Single Tender Enquiry:\\n1. The reasons for the enquiry and for selection of the particular firm must be recorded and approved by the competent authority prior to single tendering.\\n2. The procuring entity must have a procedure to ensure that prices are reasonable and consistent with market rates for work of a similar nature.\\n3. Where the ground is natural continuation of previous work, the incremental work may extend up to fifty per cent of the original contract value.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 3.12.1-1, 3.12.1-2 and 3.12-2.<\/b> Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is wrong \u2014 the incremental work on the ground of natural continuation should not exceed twenty-five per cent of the original contract value. <br> 'the incremental work should not be more than 25 (twenty-five) percent of the original contract value.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 209,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding Pre-qualification Bidding:\\n1. No techno-commercial or financial details are asked for in the first phase.\\n2. The pre-qualification shortlist may be used for all subsequent procurements of that category during the year.\\n3. Two-phase Pre-qualification Bidding should not be a routine or normal mode of procurement of works.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 3.9.1-2, 3.9.1-8 and 3.9.1-3.<\/b> Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 2 is wrong \u2014 the shortlist is for a single subsequent procurement only, and procuring entities are to lay down restricted powers at sufficiently high levels for approving this mode. <br> 'The pre-qualification shortlist shall be for a single subsequent procurement.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 210,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in a Limited Tender Enquiry the panel of contractors to whom it is proposed to send tender documents must be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Settled by the Tender Committee at the time of bid opening\",\r\n      \"Drawn up afresh after the tender is published\",\r\n      \"Confined to contractors enlisted with the Central Public Works Department\",\r\n      \"Approved by the competent authority before the tender is floated\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.10.1-1.<\/b> The panel of contractors from the list of enlisted or registered contractors for the subject matter of procurement, to whom it is proposed to send tender documents, must be got approved from the competent authority before the tender is floated; and the panel should not be changed after the enquiry has been published. <br> 'The panel of contractors in the list of enlisted\/ registered contractors for the subject matter of procurement, to whom it is proposed to send tender documents shall be got approved from competent authority, before floating the tender.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 211,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 3: BIDDING DESIGN FOR WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a Single Tender Enquiry may also be justified where the procuring entity engages in procurement involving:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"National defence or national security, and determines that single source procurement is the most appropriate method\",\r\n      \"Works whose estimated cost falls below the Open Tender Enquiry threshold\",\r\n      \"Engagement of a contractor whose registration is due for renewal\",\r\n      \"Completion of a work for which the sanctioned estimate has lapsed\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 3.12-5.<\/b> Among the grounds for single tendering is procurement involving national defence or national security, where the procuring entity determines that single source procurement is the most appropriate method. The other listed grounds are urgency not of the entity's own making, natural continuation within the twenty-five per cent limit, emergencies and natural disasters, proprietary techniques or sole expertise, and special circumstances with adequate justification. <br> 'The procurement entity engages in procurement involving national defence or national security and determines that single source procurement is the most appropriate method of procurement.'\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  \/\/ Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS   (ids 212-281)\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  {\r\n    id: 212,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the significance of the tender document is that, after award of the contract, it:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Becomes part of the contract agreement\",\r\n      \"Stands returned to the unsuccessful bidders\",\r\n      \"Stands superseded entirely by the Letter of Acceptance\",\r\n      \"Serves only as a record of the completed procurement process\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.1-1.<\/b> The tender document is the fundamental document in public procurement because, after award, it becomes part of the contract agreement; hence all provisions governing the contract must be clearly provided in it, and its clauses should be clear, self-contained and comprehensive to avoid disputes, time and cost over-runs, and quality compromises. <br> 'The tender document is the fundamental document in the public procurement process as after award of the contract it becomes part of the contract agreement.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 213,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the part of the tender document that has legal importance because it is the part actually soliciting offers from bidders is the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Instructions to Bidders\",\r\n      \"General Conditions of Contract\",\r\n      \"Notice Inviting Tender\",\r\n      \"Schedule of Requirements\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2.1-1.<\/b> The Notice Inviting Tender has legal importance since it is the part of the tender document that solicits offers from bidders, and it is used for publishing the tender notice. The Instructions to Bidders guide preparation and submission, the General Conditions of Contract govern the resultant contract, and the Schedule of Requirements details the scope. <br> 'The Notice Inviting Tender (NIT) has legal importance, since it is this part of tender document, which is soliciting offers from the bidders.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 214,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, tender documents should invariably reserve to the procuring entity the right, without assigning any reason, to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Award the contract to a bidder other than the lowest evaluated bidder\",\r\n      \"Alter the qualification criteria after opening of bids\",\r\n      \"Negotiate the price with any bidder of its choice\",\r\n      \"Reject any or all bids, cancel the tender process, abandon the procurement, or issue another tender for identical or similar works\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2-9.<\/b> Tender documents should invariably reserve the procuring entity's right, without assigning any reason, to reject any or all bids, cancel the tender process, abandon the procurement of works, or issue another tender for identical or similar works. This reserved right does not extend to altering criteria after opening or to departing from the lowest evaluated bidder without justification. <br> 'Tender documents should invariably reserve the Procuring Entity's right without assigning any reason to: reject any or all of the Bids or...cancel the tender process.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 215,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, to ensure uniformity, modifications to suit a unique requirement of a specific procurement in a Standard Bidding Document are to be made through:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Direct alteration of the standard provisions in the main sections\",\r\n      \"A separate corrigendum issued after the tender is floated\",\r\n      \"The Notice Inviting Tender and its appendix\",\r\n      \"Variable sections such as the Appendix to Instructions to Bidders or the Special Conditions of Contract\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2.<\/b> The standard provisions in most sections of the Standard Bidding Document are to be used unaltered to ensure uniformity, and any modification to suit a unique requirement is done through variable sections such as the Appendix to Instructions to Bidders or the Special Conditions of Contract. Where an organisation lacks its own Standard Bidding Document, it may follow that of another Public Works Organisation such as the Central Public Works Department. <br> 'Any modification to suit a unique requirement of the specific procurement in these documents is to be done through variable sections such as Appendix to Instructions to Bidders or Special Conditions of Contract.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 216,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, before a tender is floated, the bid document is required to be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Registered on the Central Public Procurement Portal\",\r\n      \"Vetted by the Comptroller and Auditor General\",\r\n      \"Cleared by the Central Vigilance Commission\",\r\n      \"Approved by the competent authority\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2.<\/b> Before floating the tender, the bid document should be got approved by the competent authority; the contents of bid documents vary but generally comprise the Notice Inviting Tender and its appendix, Instructions to Bidders and its appendix, General and Special Conditions of Contract, Schedule of Requirements, drawings and specifications, qualification and evaluation criteria, and submission forms. <br> 'Before floating the tender, the Bid Document should be got approved by the competent authority.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 217,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the Instructions to Bidders should not contain information on:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The processes arising after announcement of the award, such as the arbitration clause and resolution of disputes\",\r\n      \"The process of establishing the eligibility and qualification credentials of bidders\",\r\n      \"The Code of Integrity in Public Procurement and the grievance redressal process\",\r\n      \"The types of entities that may participate, including whether a Joint Venture is permitted\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2.2.<\/b> The Instructions to Bidders contain information and guidance on obtaining tender documents, preparing and submitting responses, establishing eligibility and qualification, the Code of Integrity, grievance redressal, evaluation and award; but they should not contain information on processes after announcement of the award, such as the arbitration clause and resolution of disputes, which belong to the General Conditions of Contract. <br> 'should not contain information on processes after the announcement of the award which should be covered in GCC, for example, the arbitration clause, resolution of disputes, and so on.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 218,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, rather than modifying the Instructions to Bidders for every tender, changes warranted by exceptional circumstances are to be indicated, with prior approval of the competent authority, in:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Notice Inviting Tender\",\r\n      \"The Special Conditions of Contract\",\r\n      \"The Appendix to Instructions to Bidders, which supersedes the corresponding provisions in the Instructions to Bidders\",\r\n      \"The Schedule of Requirements\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2.2.<\/b> Instead of modifying the Instructions to Bidders every time, changes warranted by exceptional circumstances are indicated, with the competent authority's prior approval, in a separate Appendix to Instructions to Bidders, the Instructions to Bidders themselves being included unchanged in every tender document; it must be indicated that the appendix provisions supersede the corresponding provisions in the Instructions to Bidders. <br> 'It should also be indicated therein that the provisions in the AITB shall supersede the corresponding provisions in the ITB.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 219,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the General Conditions of Contract cover:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The eligibility and qualification credentials of the bidders\",\r\n      \"All aspects up to the announcement of the tender award\",\r\n      \"All information on aspects after the announcement of the award till closure of the contract and dispute resolution\",\r\n      \"The overview and introduction to the contents of the tender document\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2.3.<\/b> The General Conditions of Contract detail the terms governing the resultant contract and cover all information on aspects after announcement of the tender award till closure of the contract and dispute resolution; they should not cover any aspect up to announcement of award, which is the province of the Instructions to Bidders. <br> 'GCC covers all information on aspects after the announcement of the tender award till the closure of the contract and dispute resolution. It should not cover any aspect up to announcement of award.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 220,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where the laws of the country or exceptional circumstances necessitate an alteration in the General Conditions of Contract, the alteration is effected by:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Stating in the Special Conditions of Contract that a particular clause or part of the General Conditions is deleted, and giving the substitute\",\r\n      \"Issuing a corrigendum after the bids are opened\",\r\n      \"Amending the General Conditions of Contract directly in that tender\",\r\n      \"Recording the change in the Notice Inviting Tender\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2.3(d).<\/b> Rather than modifying the General Conditions of Contract each time, changes warranted by exceptional circumstances are placed, with the competent authority's prior approval, in the Special Conditions of Contract; where laws or exceptional circumstances require alteration, this is effected by stating in the Special Conditions that a particular clause or part of a clause in the General Conditions is deleted and giving the substitute. <br> 'Such alterations are affected by stating in SCC that a particular clause, or part of a clause in GCC, is deleted and giving the substitute clause or part, as applicable.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 221,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the section of the tender document that details the scope of work, including description of the works, quantities, quality standards, site location and delivery milestones, is the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Notice Inviting Tender\",\r\n      \"Schedule of Requirements\",\r\n      \"General Conditions of Contract\",\r\n      \"Instructions to Bidders\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2.4-1.<\/b> For works procurement, the Schedule of Requirements details the scope of work \u2014 description of the works, quantities, quality standards, site location and delivery requirements or milestones; where there are no separate sections on Technical Specifications and Quality Assurance, those details are incorporated here. <br> 'this section should detail the scope of work, including the description of the works to be undertaken, quantities, quality standards, site location, and delivery requirements\/ milestones.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 222,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a criterion not specified in the tender document may be used for evaluation or qualification of a bidder:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Where the competent authority approves its use\",\r\n      \"Where it is verifiable from public records\",\r\n      \"Where it favours a Class-I local supplier\",\r\n      \"Where no exception at all is permitted\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2.6-1.<\/b> Where qualification criteria are used to determine whether a bidder can perform the contract, they must be clearly specified in the Instructions to Bidders or its appendix or a separate section, and any criteria not specified in the tender cannot be used for evaluation or qualification. This bar admits no exception, however verifiable or approved the criterion might otherwise be. <br> 'Any criteria not specified in the tender cannot be used for evaluation or qualification.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 223,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, to give an entry window to sub-contractors in small value contracts, such as repair contracts up to Rs 60 lakh, the requirement that may not be insisted upon is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Equipment capability\",\r\n      \"Financial capability\",\r\n      \"Personnel capability\",\r\n      \"General Construction Experience, Particular Construction Experience and Available Bid Capacity\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2.6-3.<\/b> To develop new contractors and give sub-contractors a window of entry, in small value contracts such as repair contracts up to Rs 60 lakh the requirements regarding General Construction Experience, Particular Construction Experience and Available Bid Capacity may not be insisted upon, provided the bidders fulfil other criteria on financial, personnel and equipment capabilities. To avoid overstretching resources, no such contractor may hold more than two contracts under relaxed credentials at a time. <br> 'the requirements regarding General Construction Experience, Particular Construction Experience and Available Bid Capacity may not be insisted upon provided the bidders fulfil other criteria.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 224,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the maximum number of contracts a contractor engaged under relaxed credentials in small value contracts may hold at any given time is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Three\",\r\n      \"One\",\r\n      \"Two\",\r\n      \"Four\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2.6-3.<\/b> To avoid overstretching of their resources, no contractor engaged under relaxed credentials may be allowed to hold more than two contracts under such relaxed credentials at any given time. <br> 'no such contractors may be allowed to hold more than 2 contracts under relaxed credentials, at any given time.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 225,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, conditional discounts, or discounts offered after tender opening:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Shall be considered in evaluation and ranking of bids\",\r\n      \"Shall be considered only if offered by the lowest evaluated bidder\",\r\n      \"Shall not be considered during evaluation, but shall be availed if the bidder becomes otherwise eligible for award\",\r\n      \"Shall lead to rejection of the bid as non-responsive\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2.7-2.<\/b> Conditional discounts, or discounts offered post tender opening, are not considered during evaluation, so they do not affect ranking; however, such discounts are to be availed if the bidder becomes otherwise eligible for award of the contract. <br> 'Conditional discounts, or discounts offered post tender opening, if any, shall not be considered during evaluation. However, such discounts shall be availed if the bidder becomes otherwise eligible for award of contract.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 226,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, no criterion may be used for the evaluation of tenders that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Involves any non-price attribute\",\r\n      \"Relates to the period of completion\",\r\n      \"Cannot be verified\",\r\n      \"Concerns environmental characteristics\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2.7-1 and Para 4.1 (evaluation criteria).<\/b> Evaluation criteria may cover quality of workmanship, technical merit, aesthetic and functional characteristics, environmental characteristics and period of completion besides price, and must be tangible and verifiable; no criterion may be used for evaluation of tenders that cannot be verified. <br> 'No criteria shall be used for the evaluation of tenders that cannot be verified.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 227,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in uploading the Financial Bid, bidders are required to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Upload a Bill of Quantities in a format of their own choosing\",\r\n      \"Enter rates only in words to avoid ambiguity\",\r\n      \"Submit the Financial Bid in a sealed physical envelope in every case\",\r\n      \"Upload only the downloaded Bill of Quantities after entering the relevant fields, without altering, deleting or modifying other portions of the sheet\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2.9.<\/b> The procuring entity uploads an appropriate Bill of Quantities format from the electronic procurement portal after filling the schedule of requirements and price components, so that the system automatically computes an all-inclusive price; bidders are to upload only the downloaded Bill of Quantities in the prescribed format after entering the relevant fields, without any alteration, deletion or modification of the other portions of the sheet. <br> 'Bidders are to upload only the downloaded BOQ (in excel format) after entering the relevant fields without any alteration\/ deletion\/ modification of other portions of the excel sheet.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 228,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the quoted price in the Financial Bill of Quantities is considered to include:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"All relevant financial implications, including scope, locations, delivery terms, applicable taxes, duties, permits, transportation, environment and labour costs\",\r\n      \"Only the basic cost of the works, taxes being reimbursed separately\",\r\n      \"The cost of the works excluding the cost of transportation and labour\",\r\n      \"Only the items expressly listed against each schedule\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2.9.<\/b> The quoted price is considered to include all relevant financial implications, including the scope of works, location of the bidder and of the procuring entity, terms of delivery, applicable taxes, duties, permits, transportation, environment and labour costs, in accordance with prevailing market rates and relevant Indian regulations. <br> 'The quoted price shall be considered to include all relevant financial implications, including inter-alia the scope of the Works to be performed...applicable taxes, duties, permits, transportation, environment, and labour costs.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 229,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, it is mandatory for Central Government Ministries and Departments to publish their tender enquiries, corrigenda and bid award details on:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The website of the Central Public Works Department\",\r\n      \"The Government e-Marketplace and Central Public Procurement Portal\",\r\n      \"The website of the Comptroller and Auditor General\",\r\n      \"The Central Vigilance Commission portal\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 159, GFR 2017; Para 4.3-1.<\/b> It is mandatory for all Central Government Ministries and Departments, their attached and subordinate offices and autonomous or statutory bodies to publish tender enquiries, corrigenda and bid award details on the Government e-Marketplace and Central Public Procurement Portal; a department having its own website or portal must publish its advertised tender enquiries there too. <br> 'It is mandatory for all Ministries\/ Departments of the Central Government...to publish their tender enquiries, corrigenda thereon and details of bid awards on the GeM- Central Public Procurement Portal (CPPP).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 230,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the mandatory electronic publishing requirement does not apply to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Limited tender enquiries\",\r\n      \"Requests for Expressions of Interest\",\r\n      \"Works procurement through quotations\",\r\n      \"Notices for pre-qualification or registration\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.3-1.<\/b> The electronic publishing instructions apply to all tender enquiries, requests for proposals, requests for expressions of interest, and notices for pre-qualification or registration, whether advertised, issued to a limited number of parties or to a single party \u2014 but they do not apply to works procurement through quotations. <br> 'These instructions would not apply to Works procurement through quotation.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 231,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, exemption from the mandatory electronic publishing requirement on grounds of national security, in the case of a Ministry or Department, is to be approved by:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Ministry of Home Affairs\",\r\n      \"The Secretary of the Ministry or Department, with the concurrence of the concerned Financial Adviser\",\r\n      \"The head of the body, with the concurrence of the head of finance\",\r\n      \"The Procurement Policy Division\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.3-2.<\/b> Individual cases requiring confidentiality for reasons of national security are exempt, the decision being approved by the Secretary of the Ministry or Department with the concurrence of the concerned Financial Adviser; for autonomous and statutory bodies, approval of the head of the body with the concurrence of the head of finance is required. Statistical information on such exemptions and contract values is to be intimated quarterly to the Department of Expenditure. <br> 'The decision to exempt any case on the said grounds should be approved by the Secretary of the Ministry\/ Department with the concurrence of the concerned Financial Advisor.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 232,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, statistical information on cases granted exemption from mandatory electronic publishing, and the value of the concerned contracts, is to be intimated to the Department of Expenditure:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Every quarter\",\r\n      \"Every half year\",\r\n      \"Every month\",\r\n      \"Once a year\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.3-2.<\/b> Statistical information on the number of cases in which exemption was granted on national security grounds, and the value of the concerned contracts, is to be intimated on a quarterly basis to the Ministry of Finance, Department of Expenditure. <br> 'Statistical information on the number of cases in which exemption was granted and the value of the concerned contract should be intimated on a Quarterly basis to the Ministry of Finance, Department of Expenditure.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 233,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, an amendment to the tender documents made prior to the deadline for submission of bids is to be issued:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"By a corrigendum uploaded on the electronic publishing portal and the procuring entity's own website\",\r\n      \"By individual letters to the lowest three bidders only\",\r\n      \"By a fresh Notice Inviting Tender in every case\",\r\n      \"Orally at the pre-bid conference, to be minuted later\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 173(iii), GFR 2017; Para 4.4-1.<\/b> At any time prior to the date of submission of bids, the procuring entity may, on its own motion or in response to a clarification sought, amend the tender documents by issuing a corrigendum uploaded on the electronic publishing portal and the procuring entity's own website. In off-line tenders, copies are simultaneously despatched free of cost to all who have purchased the documents and attached to unsold sets. <br> 'amend tender documents by issuing a corrigendum. Copies of such amendment \/ modification should be uploaded on the E-publishing portal and Procuring Entity's own website.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 234,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where an amendment changes the requirement significantly, or little time is left for bidders to respond, the time and date of submission of tenders are to be extended by:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not less than three days\",\r\n      \"Not less than seven days\",\r\n      \"Not less than fifteen days\",\r\n      \"Not less than thirty days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.4-1.<\/b> When the amendment changes the requirement significantly or when little time is left for bidders to respond and prepare a revised tender, the time and date of submission are to be suitably extended, by not less than three days. Where the amendment substantially changes the procurement requirements, the extended duration is normally 21 days or consistent with the original bid submission duration. <br> 'the time and date of submission of tenders are also to be suitably extended (not less than 3 days) as per para 4.5 below.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 235,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a proposed amendment substantially changes the procurement requirements originally envisaged, the extended time duration for submission of tenders shall normally be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"7 days\",\r\n      \"21 days or consistent with the original bid submission duration\",\r\n      \"45 days\",\r\n      \"14 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.4-2.<\/b> When the amendment substantially changes the originally envisaged requirements, or insufficient time remains for tenderers to respond, the time and date of submission are extended suitably, the extended duration normally being 21 days or consistent with the original bid submission duration; depending on circumstances, such an amendment may also need fresh publication of the revised document following the original procedure, so that new bidders can meet the qualifying criteria on a level playing field. <br> 'Normally, the extended time duration shall be 21 days or consistent with original bid submission duration.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 236,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, an extension of the deadline for bid submission may be made by the procuring entity:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"On its own motion, on a justifiable request of bidders, or on a significant modification of tender documents\",\r\n      \"On a written request by a bidder alone\",\r\n      \"On the receipt of fewer than three bids alone\",\r\n      \"On the prior approval of the Department of Expenditure alone\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.5-1.<\/b> To give sufficient time to bidders, the procuring entity may extend the time and date of submission suitably, by not less than three days, on its own motion, or on a justifiable request of bidders, or due to significant modification of tender documents, along with corresponding changes in the receipt time, bid validity period, and validity of the bid security. <br> 'the Procuring entity may suo-moto or based on justifiable request of bidder(s) or due to significant modification of tender documents...extend the time and date of submission of tenders suitably.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 237,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in the auto-extension mechanism for lack of response, the minimum period by which the electronic procurement portal may automatically extend bid opening is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not less than 3 days\",\r\n      \"Not less than 7 days\",\r\n      \"Not less than 15 days\",\r\n      \"Not less than 21 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.5-2.<\/b> The portal may allow the procuring entity to input a minimum number of bids considered sufficient and a pre-specified number of days for automatic extension of bid opening, not less than seven days; if bids received by the opening time are fewer than the specified minimum, the system extends the opening automatically without sharing information with anyone, informing purchasers and bidders only that the closing time has been extended due to less competition. <br> 'the pre-specified number of days for automatic extension of bid opening (not less than 7 days) at the time of tender upload.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 238,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a procuring entity wishes to proceed even with low competition, for example due to urgency, in the auto-extension mechanism it may:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Disable the auto-extension feature entirely\",\r\n      \"Mention one as the minimum number of bids, so that the tender is extended only if no bid is received\",\r\n      \"Specify a longer extension period of thirty days\",\r\n      \"Seek exemption from the Department of Expenditure\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.5-2.<\/b> If a procuring entity wants to go ahead even with low competition, it may mention 'one' as the minimum bid, so that if no bid is received the tender is automatically extended, and otherwise it is not. The portal is barred from providing anyone, including the procuring entity, with the bid count before the tender opening time. <br> 'they may mention 'one' as the minimum bid. So that if no bid is received, tender is automatically extended, otherwise, it is not.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 239,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in a limited tender, the Notice Inviting Tender uploaded on the portal is to carry a note stating that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The participation is by invitation only and limited to selected registered contractors, unsolicited offers being liable to be ignored\",\r\n      \"The tender is open to all bidders who download the document\",\r\n      \"The tender document is available only on payment of its cost\",\r\n      \"The lowest bidder alone will be considered for award\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2.1-3.<\/b> For procurement through a limited tender, the Notice Inviting Tender may be uploaded on the Government e-Marketplace, Central Public Procurement Portal and the procuring entity's website with a note that it is published for information only, that participation is by invitation only and limited to selected registered contractors, and that unsolicited offers are liable to be ignored, while inviting interested contractors to apply for registration for the future. <br> 'Participation in this tender is by invitation only and is limited to the selected Procuring Entity's registered contractors. Unsolicited offers are liable to be ignored.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 240,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where an off-line tender contains a clause that a firm quoting nil charges or consideration will be treated in a particular way, that bid is to be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Treated as the most competitive and ranked first\",\r\n      \"Referred to the competent authority for a decision\",\r\n      \"Treated as unresponsive and not considered\",\r\n      \"Accepted subject to furnishing additional security\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2 (tender document contents).<\/b> The tender document should include a clause that if a firm quotes nil charges or consideration, the bid shall be treated as unresponsive and will not be considered \u2014 a nil quote being incapable of forming a valid basis for a works contract. <br> 'if a firm quotes NIL charges\/ consideration, the bid shall be treated as unresponsive and will not be considered.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 241,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, eligibility criteria are distinguished from qualification criteria in that eligibility criteria:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Determine the capability of a bidder to perform the contract\",\r\n      \"Are the criteria a bidder must meet for its bid to be considered responsive and evaluated further beyond preliminary screening\",\r\n      \"Are the final filter used to select the bidder for award of contract\",\r\n      \"Apply only to Joint Ventures and consortia\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2 (eligibility and qualification criteria).<\/b> Eligibility criteria specify what a bidder must meet for its bid to be considered responsive and evaluated further beyond preliminary screening; qualification criteria then determine the capability of eligible bidders to perform the contract; and evaluation criteria are the final filter to select, among qualified bidders, the one for award. <br> 'Eligibility criteria specify the criteria that a bidder should meet to be considered a responsive bid to be evaluated further beyond the preliminary evaluation\/ screening of bids.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 242,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the time normally to be allowed to bidders to prepare their proposals, where participation of international contractors is contemplated, is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not less than two weeks\",\r\n      \"Not less than three weeks\",\r\n      \"Not less than four weeks\",\r\n      \"Not less than six weeks\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2-8.<\/b> The procuring entity should allow enough time for bidders to prepare their proposals; the time depends on the assignment but normally shall not be less than three weeks, and where participation of international contractors is contemplated, a period of not less than four weeks should normally be allowed. <br> 'In cases where participation of international contractors is contemplated, a period of not less than four weeks should normally be allowed.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 243,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the Special Conditions of Contract are:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Need-based and specific, the circumstances warranting them being duly considered\",\r\n      \"The overview of the contents of the tender document\",\r\n      \"Clauses covering the process up to announcement of award\",\r\n      \"Standard clauses used unaltered in every tender\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2.3.<\/b> Instead of modifying the General Conditions of Contract each time, changes warranted by exceptional circumstances are placed in the Special Conditions of Contract with prior approval of the competent authority; conditions in the Special Conditions shall be need-based and specific, and the circumstances warranting them shall be duly considered \u2014 for instance where the General Conditions require further information, or the type, circumstances or locality of the works require additional clauses. <br> 'Conditions in SCC shall be need based and specific and the circumstances warranting them shall be duly considered.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 244,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, for a limited tender the practice regarding time-stamped audit trails of electronic publication is that they:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Need not be maintained, since participation is by invitation\",\r\n      \"Are maintained by the Bid Opening Committee after opening\",\r\n      \"Are maintained only for tenders above Rs 200 crore\",\r\n      \"Shall be maintained by the procurement portal\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.2.1-4.<\/b> Time-stamped audit trails for the electronic publication are to be maintained by the procurement portal; printouts may be taken only for off-line tenders if required, and the complete details of the dates on which advertisements appeared on the website should be indicated when sending cases to higher authorities. <br> 'Time-stamped audit trails for the e-publication shall be maintained by the procurement portal.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 245,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements:\\n1. The tender document becomes part of the contract agreement after award of the contract.\\n2. The Instructions to Bidders should cover the arbitration clause and resolution of disputes.\\n3. Any criteria not specified in the tender cannot be used for evaluation or qualification.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 4.1-1, 4.2.2 and 4.2.6-1.<\/b> Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 2 is wrong \u2014 the Instructions to Bidders should not contain processes after announcement of award, such as the arbitration clause and resolution of disputes, which belong to the General Conditions of Contract. <br> 'should not contain information on processes after the announcement of the award which should be covered in GCC, for example, the arbitration clause, resolution of disputes.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 246,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding electronic publishing and amendment:\\n1. The mandatory electronic publishing requirement applies to a notice inviting bids issued to a single party.\\n2. Works procurement through quotations is exempt from the mandatory electronic publishing requirement.\\n3. Where an amendment substantially changes the requirement, the extended time is normally seven days.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 4.3-1 and 4.4-2.<\/b> Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is wrong \u2014 where an amendment substantially changes the requirement, the extended time is normally 21 days or consistent with the original bid submission duration, not seven days. <br> 'Normally, the extended time duration shall be 21 days or consistent with original bid submission duration.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 247,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the normal position regarding a fee for tender documents is that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A fee is normally not charged, though in exceptional cases a bare minimum cost may be fixed to defray expenses\",\r\n      \"A fee covering the full cost of preparation is charged in every case\",\r\n      \"A fee is charged only from bidders not registered with the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"A fee equal to a fixed percentage of the estimated cost is charged\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.6.1-2.<\/b> Normally no tender document fee should be charged; in exceptional cases a procuring entity may fix a bare minimum cost to defray the expenses of preparing documents and drawings, payable by demand draft, banker's cheque, pay order or online gateway. Firms eligible for exemption, such as the procuring entity's own registered units, submit documents in support. <br> 'Normally, no tender document fee should be charged. In exceptional cases, a procuring entity may fix a bare minimum cost of tender documents to defray the expenses\/ effort of preparing documents, drawings, etc.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 248,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a Pre-Notice Inviting Tender conference, also called market consultation, is held:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"After the Notice Inviting Tender and tender documents have been published\",\r\n      \"After the bids are opened, to clarify doubts of the lowest bidder\",\r\n      \"Before finalising or publishing the Notice Inviting Tender, to obtain inputs from the industry\",\r\n      \"Only where a single bid has been received\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 173(x), GFR 2017; Para 4.7-1.<\/b> In complex and innovative procurement, or where the procuring entity lacks the knowledge to formulate tender provisions, a Pre-Notice Inviting Tender conference held before finalising or publishing the Notice Inviting Tender helps obtain inputs from the industry; such conferences are widely publicised, inputs are compiled and minuted, and requirements finalised with approval of the competent authority. <br> 'a Pre-NIT conference (before finalising\/ publishing NIT) may help the procuring entity in obtaining inputs from the industry.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 249,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a pre-bid conference is held:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"After the Notice Inviting Tender and tender documents have been published, to clarify issues and clear doubts\",\r\n      \"Before the Notice Inviting Tender is finalised\",\r\n      \"After opening of the technical bids\",\r\n      \"Only in limited tender enquiries\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.7-2.<\/b> For turnkey contracts or contracts of special nature involving sophisticated and costly work, services or equipment, or wherever felt necessary, a provision is kept for one or more pre-bid conferences after the Notice Inviting Tender and tender documents have been published, for clarifying issues and clearing doubts about specifications and other technical and commercial details. <br> 'a suitable provision is to be kept in the tender documents for one or more pre-bid conference (after the NIT and Tender Documents have been published), for clarifying issues and clearing doubts.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 250,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a bidder chooses not to, or fails to, participate in the pre-bid conference or does not submit a written query, the consequence is that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The bidder's bid is treated as non-responsive\",\r\n      \"The bidder must obtain the competent authority's permission to bid\",\r\n      \"The bidder forfeits the right to seek clarification later\",\r\n      \"The bidder is assumed to have no issues regarding the technical and commercial conditions\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.7-2(a).<\/b> Participation in the pre-bid conference is not mandatory; if a bidder chooses not to, or fails to, participate, or does not submit a written query, it shall be assumed that the bidder has no issues regarding the technical and commercial conditions. Non-participation therefore carries an assumption of acceptance, not disqualification. <br> 'if a bidder chooses not to (or fails to) participate in the Pre-bid conference or does not submit a written query, it shall be assumed that they have no issues regarding the techno\/ commercial conditions.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 251,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the date and time for a pre-bid conference should normally be fixed:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Within seven days of the issue of the tender document\",\r\n      \"On the day preceding the deadline for bid submission\",\r\n      \"After 30 days of the issue of the tender document\",\r\n      \"After 15 to 21 days of the issue of the tender document\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.7-2(b).<\/b> The date and time for the pre-bid conference should normally be after 15 to 21 days of the issue of the tender document and should be specified therein; the last date for written queries and for registration to participate is also mentioned, defaulting to seven days before the conference if not specified. The conference may be held online at the discretion of the procuring entity. <br> 'The date and time for such a meeting should normally be after 15 to 21 (fifteen to twenty-one) days of the issue of the Tender Document.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 252,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the minutes of the pre-bid conference are to be published on the procuring entity's portal within:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Seven days of the conference\",\r\n      \"Five days of the conference\",\r\n      \"Three days of the conference\",\r\n      \"Fifteen days of the conference\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.7-2(e).<\/b> After the pre-bid conference, its minutes are to be published on the procuring entity's portal within seven days of the conference; if required, a clarification letter and corrigendum are issued, forming part of the tender document, and the bid submission deadline may be suitably extended to give bidders reasonable time to take the clarifications into account. <br> 'Minutes of the Pre-bid conference shall be published on the Procuring Entity's portal within seven days of the conference.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 253,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in the absence of a specified date, a prospective bidder must raise questions seeking clarification on the tender documents:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Before 7 days of the deadline for bid submission\",\r\n      \"Before 5 days of the deadline for bid submission\",\r\n      \"Before 3 days of the deadline for bid submission\",\r\n      \"Before 15 days of the deadline for bid submission\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.8.<\/b> A prospective bidder requiring clarification may ask questions in writing before the clarification end date mentioned in the tender document, or, if not mentioned, before seven days of the deadline for bid submission; this deadline is not extended for any intervening holidays. Responses are sent at least five days before the date of opening of tenders. <br> 'provided the questions are raised before the clarification end date mentioned therein (or if not mentioned, before 7 days of the deadline for the bid submission).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 254,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a response to a clarification sought on the tender documents is to be sent:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Within 7 days of receipt of the query, regardless of the opening date\",\r\n      \"At least 3 days prior to the date of opening of the tenders\",\r\n      \"On the date of opening of the tenders\",\r\n      \"At least 5 days prior to the date of opening of the tenders\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.8.<\/b> A response to the clarifications sought is to be sent in writing or digitally at least five days prior to the date of opening of the tenders; only material queries and their responses are uploaded on the website, without revealing the identity of the bidder who raised the query. <br> 'A response will be sent in writing\/ digitally to the clarifications sought at least 5 days prior to the date of opening of the tenders.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 255,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, when material queries and responses arising from clarifications are uploaded on the website, the procuring entity must:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Disclose the name of the bidder who raised each query\",\r\n      \"Upload only the queries, withholding the responses until bid opening\",\r\n      \"Upload them without revealing the identity of the bidder making the query\",\r\n      \"Restrict access to bidders who attended the pre-bid conference\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.8.<\/b> Only material queries and their responses are uploaded on the website, and this is done without revealing the identity of the bidder making the query, thereby preserving fair competition. Where the response changes the requirement significantly or little time is left, the submission deadline may be extended by not less than three days. <br> 'Only material queries and their responses shall be uploaded on the website without revealing the identity of the bidder making the query.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 256,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a bidder may substitute, alter or modify its bid:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"At any time before the bid is opened\",\r\n      \"Up to the deadline for submission of bids, provided the revised bid is uploaded duly sealed and marked like the original\",\r\n      \"Within three days after the deadline for submission of bids\",\r\n      \"Only with the written consent of the procuring entity\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.9.<\/b> After submitting its bid, a bidder may substitute, alter or modify it, superseding the earlier bid, so long as the revised bid is uploaded or received duly sealed and marked like the original, up to the deadline for submission of bids; resubmission requires uploading all documents, including the financial bid, afresh, and the system considers only the last bid submitted as valid. <br> 'so long such revised bid is uploaded\/ received duly sealed and marked like original bid, up to the deadline of submission of bids.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 257,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a bidder submits a fresh bid in resubmission, the bid treated as valid by the system is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The last bid submitted\",\r\n      \"The first bid submitted\",\r\n      \"The bid quoting the lowest price among those submitted\",\r\n      \"The bid selected by the bidder as final at the time of opening\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.9.<\/b> Resubmission of a bid requires uploading all documents, including the financial bid, afresh, and the system considers only the last bid submitted as the valid bid; the earlier bid stands superseded. <br> 'The system shall consider only the last bid submitted as the valid bid.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 258,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a bidder withdraws, modifies or impairs its bid between the deadline for submission and the expiry of the bid validity period, the consequence is that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The bid is merely treated as withdrawn, with no further consequence\",\r\n      \"The bid security or earnest money deposit shall be forfeited, besides any other punitive remedy available\",\r\n      \"The bidder is debarred from all future tenders of the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"The bidder must furnish an enhanced performance security\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.9.<\/b> A bidder may withdraw its bid before the submission deadline, in which case it is marked withdrawn and not opened; but withdrawal, amendment, modification, alteration, impairment or derogation of a bid between the submission deadline and the expiry of the bid validity period entails forfeiture of the bid security or earnest money deposit, besides any other punitive remedy available to the procuring entity. <br> 'his bid security\/ EMD shall be forfeited besides imposition of any other punitive remedy available to the procuring entity.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 259,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in an off-line tender the sentence to be printed on the bid envelopes, besides the address of the purchase office and the tender reference number, is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A confidential-financial-bid marking\",\r\n      \"An original-copy, do-not-duplicate marking\",\r\n      \"A not-to-be-opened marking with the due date and time of tender opening\",\r\n      \"A for-official-use-only marking\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.10.<\/b> In off-line tenders the bidder seals the original and each copy in separate envelopes marked 'original', 'duplicate' and so on, printing on them the address of the purchase office and the tender reference number, along with the sentence 'NOT TO BE OPENED' before the due date and time of tender opening; the inner envelopes are then placed inside a larger outer envelope, similarly sealed and marked. <br> 'the sentence ''NOT TO BE OPENED'' before (due date and time of tender opening) is also to be printed on these envelopes.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 260,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where the office happens to be closed on the deadline day for submission of bids in electronic procurement, the deadline:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Shall be extended to the next working day\",\r\n      \"Shall not be extended\",\r\n      \"Shall be extended by three days\",\r\n      \"Shall be decided by the competent authority\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.11-1(d).<\/b> Bids must be uploaded by the submission deadline mentioned in the tender document, and if the office happens to be closed on the deadline day, this deadline shall not be extended. The reference time for closing is the electronic procurement server clock displayed on the bidders' dashboard. <br> 'If the office happens to be closed on the deadline to submit the bids as specified above, this deadline shall not be extended.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 261,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the reference time used for deciding the closing time of bid submission in electronic procurement is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The date and time of the electronic procurement server clock\",\r\n      \"The local time at the bidder's location\",\r\n      \"The Indian Standard Time displayed on the procuring entity's website\",\r\n      \"The time recorded by the bidder's own digital signature\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.11-1(g).<\/b> The date and time of the electronic procurement server clock, also displayed on the bidders' dashboard, is the reference time for deciding the closing time of bid submission; no complaint that the server clock was not showing correct time, or of internet failure or heavy traffic, is entertained, and the procuring entity is not responsible for any failure or breakdown of the electronic system. <br> 'The date and time of the e-Procurement server clock, which is also displayed on the dashboard of the bidders, shall be used as the reference time for deciding the closing time of bid submission.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 262,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in electronic procurement, bids uploaded by a bidder to the portal:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Remain readable by the procuring entity from the moment of upload\",\r\n      \"Must be confirmed by a physical copy submitted before opening\",\r\n      \"Are opened progressively as they are received\",\r\n      \"Get automatically encrypted, and can be decrypted only by authorised persons on or after the due date and time\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.11-1(h).<\/b> All bids uploaded to the portal get automatically encrypted, and the encrypted bid can be decrypted or opened only by authorised persons on or after the due date and time; the bidder should ensure the correctness of the bid before uploading and take a printout of the system-generated submission summary to confirm successful upload. <br> 'All Bids uploaded by Bidder to the portal shall get automatically encrypted. The encrypted bid can only be decrypted\/ opened by the authorised persons on or after the due date and time.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 263,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where there is a conflict between the provisions of the electronic procurement portal and the tender document, the provisions that prevail are those of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The tender document\",\r\n      \"The portal\",\r\n      \"The General Conditions of Contract\",\r\n      \"Whichever was issued later in time\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.11-1(c).<\/b> The procuring entity is neither a party nor a principal in the relationship between the bidder and the organisation hosting the portal; bidders must acquaint themselves with the portal's rules and conditions, and in case of conflict between the provisions of the portal and the tender document, the provisions of the portal shall prevail. <br> 'In case of conflict between provisions of the Portal with the Tender Document, provisions of the Portal shall prevail.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 264,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where the bid validity period is not specified in the tender document, a bid shall remain valid for:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"60 days\",\r\n      \"30 days\",\r\n      \"120 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.12.<\/b> A bid remains valid for the period mentioned in the tender document, and for 90 days if not so specified; a bid valid for a shorter period is rejected as non-responsive. The validity period should not be unreasonably long, since keeping a tender unconditionally valid for acceptance for too long risks higher prices. <br> 'A bid shall remain valid for the period mentioned in the Tender Document (90 days if not so specified).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 265,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where the last day of bid validity falls on, or is subsequently declared, a holiday or closed day for the procuring entity, the bid validity:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Lapses on that day\",\r\n      \"Is extended by seven days\",\r\n      \"Is automatically deemed extended up to the next working day\",\r\n      \"Must be revalidated at the request of the bidder\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.12.<\/b> Where the day up to which bids are to remain valid falls on, or is subsequently declared, a holiday or closed day for the procuring entity, the bid validity is automatically deemed extended up to the next working day, so that no bid lapses merely because its validity ends on a non-working day. <br> 'the bid validity shall automatically be deemed to be extended upto the next working day.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 266,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a tender received by the procuring entity after the deadline for submission of tenders shall be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Opened and evaluated if the delay is condoned by the competent authority\",\r\n      \"Not opened, and returned to the contractor that submitted it\",\r\n      \"Opened but ranked below all timely bids\",\r\n      \"Retained unopened and considered in the next tender\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.13-1.<\/b> A tender received after the deadline for submission is not opened and is returned to the contractor that submitted it, and no submission is allowed in electronic procurement after the submission deadline. In off-line advertised or limited tenders, late bids are counted separately, kept aside and not considered. <br> 'The tender received by the procuring entity after the deadline for the submission of tender, shall not be opened and shall be returned to the contractors.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 267,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in off-line tenders the Bid Opening Committee shall comprise:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The members of the Tender Committee sitting as the opening committee\",\r\n      \"Three officers of the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"One officer of the procuring entity and one representative of the lowest bidder\",\r\n      \"One officer each from the procuring entity and associated or integrated finance\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.13-2.<\/b> Immediately after the deadline for bid submission the procuring entity proceeds to bid opening; if the specified date falls on or is declared a holiday, bids are opened at the appointed time on the next working day. In off-line tenders, the Bid Opening Committee comprises one officer each from the procuring entity and associated or integrated finance. <br> 'the Bid Opening Committee (BOC) shall comprise one officer each from the procuring entity and associated\/ integrated finance.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 268,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in an off-line advertised or limited tender enquiry, late bids, that is, bids received after the specified date and time for receipt of bids:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Shall be opened along with the timely bids\",\r\n      \"Shall be counted separately, kept aside and not considered\",\r\n      \"Shall be considered if received within three days of the deadline\",\r\n      \"Shall be opened only if the number of timely bids is fewer than three\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 165, GFR 2017; Para 4.13-4(b).<\/b> Late bids are to be separately counted but kept aside and not opened; in an advertised tender enquiry or limited tender enquiry, late bids received after the specified date and time for receipt of bids are not considered. <br> 'In the case of an advertised tender enquiry or limited tender enquiry, late bids...should not be considered.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 269,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, an authorised representative of a bidder intending to attend the bid opening in an Open, Global or Special Limited Tender Enquiry must:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Be a director of the bidder company\",\r\n      \"Deposit a fee for attendance at the opening\",\r\n      \"Obtain prior written permission from the Tender Committee\",\r\n      \"Bring a letter of authority from the corresponding bidder, in the prescribed format\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.13-4(a).<\/b> Authorised representatives intending to attend the bid opening in an Open, Global or Special Limited Tender Enquiry are to bring letters of authority from the corresponding bidder, in the format prescribed in the tender document, and all bid-opening activities are to be carried out demonstrably before such a gathering. <br> 'The authorised representatives of bidders, who intend to attend the tender opening in OTE\/ GTE\/ SLTE, are to bring with them letters of authority from the corresponding bidder.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 270,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the authority of the Bid Opening Committee at the tender opening stage is that it:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Extends to rejection of any tender found deficient at opening\",\r\n      \"Extends to acceptance of the lowest tender at opening subject to later confirmation\",\r\n      \"Extends to nothing beyond announcement, no tender being rejected at the opening stage\",\r\n      \"Extends to allowing bidders to clarify their tenders during opening\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.13-4(f).<\/b> The Bid Opening Committee announces the salient features of the tenders for the information of those attending, and no clarifications by tenderers are entertained or recorded during opening; it must be understood that the Committee has no authority to reject any tender at the tender opening stage. <br> 'It should be understood that BOC has no authority to reject any tender at the tender opening stage.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 271,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in a two-envelope off-line tender, the financial proposals are opened publicly:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Together with the technical bids on the pre-announced date\",\r\n      \"Only for those firms that have technically qualified, in due course\",\r\n      \"For all bidders, irrespective of technical qualification\",\r\n      \"Only after the Tender Committee recommends award\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.13-4(c).<\/b> The technical bids are opened on the pre-announced date, while the financial proposals remain sealed and are opened publicly in due course only for those firms that have technically qualified \u2014 preserving the integrity of the two-stage evaluation. <br> 'the financial proposals shall remain sealed and shall be opened publicly in due course of time only for those firms that have technically qualified.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 272,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where an opened tender is the third bid out of fourteen total, the Bid Opening Committee is to number it serially on the first page as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"14 \/ 3\",\r\n      \"3 of 3\",\r\n      \"3 \/ 14\",\r\n      \"14 of 14\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.13-4(d).<\/b> After opening, every tender is numbered serially \u2014 for example 3\/14 if it is the third bid out of fourteen total \u2014 initialled and dated on the first page by the Bid Opening Committee, with each page of the price schedule similarly initialled and prices and delivery period circled and initialled with the date. <br> 'every tender shall be numbered serially (say 3\/ 14 \u2013 if it is the third bid out of 14 total), initialled, and dated on the first page by the BOC.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 273,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a tender contains no alteration, overwriting, use of whitener or blanks, the Bid Opening Committee is to record on it the remark:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"\\\"verified and found in order\\\"\",\r\n      \"\\\"clean bid\\\"\",\r\n      \"\\\"no corrections noted\\\"\",\r\n      \"\\\"accepted at opening\\\"\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.13-4(e).<\/b> Any erasure, cutting, overwriting, use of whitener or unfilled column is initialled with date and time and numbered by the officials opening the tenders, the total number of such alterations being marked on the first page; in the absence of any alteration, the remark 'no corrections noted' is written, and the absence of discounts is marked 'no discounts noted'. <br> 'In the absence of any alteration\/ overwriting\/ whitener\/ blanks, the remark 'no corrections noted' should be written.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 274,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a bidder submits a bid document in electronic procurement, the bidder is required to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Digitally sign all statements, documents and certificates uploaded, owning sole and complete responsibility for their correctness\",\r\n      \"Submit a physical original of every document along with the upload\",\r\n      \"Get each uploaded document attested by a notary\",\r\n      \"Upload the documents through the procuring entity's login\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.11-1(e).<\/b> Only one copy of the bid can be uploaded, and the bidder shall digitally sign all statements, documents and certificates uploaded, owning sole and complete responsibility for their correctness and authenticity as per the Information Technology Act, 2000, as amended. The procuring entity may call for verification of originals of self-certified documents at any stage of evaluation. <br> 'Bidder shall digitally sign all statements, documents, certificates uploaded by him, owning sole and complete responsibility for their correctness\/ authenticity.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 275,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the objectives of transparency in electronic procurement are amply served if:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"All bidders are permitted to attend the bid opening\",\r\n      \"The estimated cost is published before the tender closes\",\r\n      \"All data relating to the tender and award of contract are accessible to the public\",\r\n      \"The names of the Tender Committee members are disclosed\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.14-1.<\/b> The objectives of transparency in electronic procurement are amply served if all data relating to the tender and award of contract are accessible to the public, which is the touchstone the Manual applies rather than physical attendance at opening or advance disclosure of the estimate. <br> 'Objectives of transparency in e-Procurement are amply served if all data relating to the Tender and Award of Contract are accessible to public.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 276,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a self-attested scan of the original Bid Security or Bid Securing Declaration:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Need be uploaded only by bidders not registered with the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Should be uploaded along with the bids, non-compliant bids being liable to rejection\",\r\n      \"May be submitted within three days after bid opening\",\r\n      \"Is required only in Global Tender Enquiries\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.11 (Bid security).<\/b> A self-attested scan of the original Bid Security or Bid Securing Declaration should be uploaded along with the bids, and bids not complying with these provisions are liable to be rejected; in off-line tenders, the Bid Security or, where permitted, the Bid Securing Declaration must accompany the bid as per the tender document. <br> 'A self-attested scan of the original Bid Security\/ Bid Securing Declaration (BSD) should be uploaded along with the bids. Bids not complying with these provisions shall be rejected.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 277,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in filling the protected Bill of Quantities in electronic procurement, a bidder is required to type rates:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"In words only, to avoid ambiguity\",\r\n      \"Only against items the bidder chooses to quote for\",\r\n      \"In both figures and words in every cell\",\r\n      \"In figures only in the rate column of the respective items, without any blank cell or zero value, and without altering other portions of the sheet\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.11-1(f).<\/b> Regarding the protected Price Schedule or Bill of Quantities, the bidder writes his name only in the space provided and types rates in figures only in the rate column of the respective items, without any blank cell or zero value, and without any alteration, deletion or modification of the other portions of the sheet; if space is inadequate, additional documents may be uploaded under the additional documents facility. <br> 'Bidder shall type rates in the figure only in the rate column of respective item(s) without any blank cell or Zero values in the rate column, without any alteration\/ deletion\/ modification of other portions of the excel sheet.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 278,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, financial instruments accompanying bids, noted in the bid opening report, are to be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Retained by the Bid Opening Committee till award\",\r\n      \"Deposited with the associated bank on the day of opening\",\r\n      \"Returned to the bidders immediately after opening\",\r\n      \"Handed over to the Finance section for safe custody and monitoring\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.13-4(h).<\/b> Financial instruments should be noted in the bid opening report or register and handed over to the Finance section for safe custody and monitoring, while the opened tenders, the list of attending representatives and the bid opening report are handed over to the nominated procuring officer against acknowledgement. <br> 'Financial instruments should be noted in the bid opening report\/ register and handed over to the Finance section for safe custody and monitoring.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 279,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a tender is wrongly dropped into a tender box meant for a different tender, and the date of its opening is over, it should be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Opened along with the current tender and set aside\",\r\n      \"Put into the appropriate box, or sent to the Tender Committee concerned, with appropriate endorsement\",\r\n      \"Treated as a late bid and rejected\",\r\n      \"Returned unopened to the procuring officer for destruction\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 4.13-4(b).<\/b> Where tenders are wrongly dropped into a tender box, such wrongly dropped tenders, with appropriate endorsement, should be put into the appropriate box, or sent to the Tender Committee concerned if the date of opening is over; bids for tenders not opening that day are put back and the box resealed. <br> 'Such wrongly dropped tenders with appropriate endorsement should be put into the appropriate box or sent to the Tender Committee (TC) concerned, if the date of opening is over.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 280,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements:\\n1. A bid valid for a shorter period than that required shall be rejected as non-responsive.\\n2. In electronic procurement, the deadline for bid submission is extended if the office is closed on the deadline day.\\n3. The Bid Opening Committee has no authority to reject any tender at the tender opening stage.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 4.12, 4.11-1(d) and 4.13-4(f).<\/b> Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 2 is wrong \u2014 if the office is closed on the deadline day, the electronic procurement submission deadline shall not be extended. <br> 'If the office happens to be closed on the deadline to submit the bids as specified above, this deadline shall not be extended.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 281,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 4: BID INVITATION PROCESS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding the pre-bid conference:\\n1. Participation in the pre-bid conference is mandatory for all bidders.\\n2. The minutes of the pre-bid conference are to be published within seven days of the conference.\\n3. The pre-bid conference may be held online at the discretion of the procuring entity.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 4.7-2(a), 4.7-2(e) and 4.7-2(b).<\/b> Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Statement 1 is wrong \u2014 participation in the pre-bid conference is not mandatory, and a bidder who does not participate is assumed to have no issues regarding the technical and commercial conditions. <br> 'Participation is not mandatory.'\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  \/\/ Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS   (ids 282-326)\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  {\r\n    id: 282,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, Bid Security, also known as Earnest Money Deposit, is obtained along with bids in the case of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Every limited tender enquiry\",\r\n      \"Single tender enquiries only\",\r\n      \"Advertised tenders and special limited tender enquiries\",\r\n      \"Works procurement through quotations\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 170, GFR 2017; Para 5.1.1-1.<\/b> To safeguard against a bidder withdrawing or altering its bid during the bid validity period, Bid Security is obtained along with bids in advertised tenders \u2014 Open and Global Tender Enquiries \u2014 and in special limited tender enquiries. In ordinary limited tender enquiries, bidders being normally registered, it is generally not taken. <br> 'in the case of advertised (OTE and GTE tenders) or special limited tender enquiry, Bid Security (also known as Earnest Money Deposit (EMD)) is to be obtained from the bidders along with their bids.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 283,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the amount of bid security should ordinarily range between:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"One and two per cent of the estimated value of the works\",\r\n      \"Three and ten per cent of the estimated value of the works\",\r\n      \"Two and five per cent of the estimated value of the works\",\r\n      \"Five and ten per cent of the estimated value of the works\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.1.1-2.<\/b> The amount of bid security should ordinarily range between two and five per cent of the estimated value of the works to be procured, rounded off to the nearest thousands of rupees and indicated in the tender documents; in larger tenders the procuring entity may stipulate an upper ceiling so as not to restrict competition. The three-to-ten per cent band applies to performance security, a distinct instrument. <br> 'The amount of bid security should ordinarily range between two (2) to five (5) per cent of the estimated value of the works to be procured.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 284,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, bid security is normally to remain valid for a period, beyond the final bid validity period, of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"60 days\",\r\n      \"30 days\",\r\n      \"45 days\",\r\n      \"90 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.1.1-3.<\/b> The bid security is normally to remain valid for a period of 45 days beyond the final bid validity period. Where the bid security exceeds Rs 5 lakh, or in the case of foreign bidders in Global Tender Enquiries, it may be in the form of a bank guarantee issued or confirmed by a scheduled bank in India. <br> 'The bid security is normally to remain valid for a period of 45(forty-five) days beyond the final bid validity period.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 285,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where the bid security exceeds Rs 5 lakh, the form in which it may be required to be furnished is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"An account payee demand draft only\",\r\n      \"A corporate guarantee of the bidder's holding company\",\r\n      \"A bank guarantee issued or confirmed by a scheduled bank in India\",\r\n      \"An indemnity bond executed on stamp paper\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.1.1-3.<\/b> Bid security may generally be in the form of insurance surety bonds, account payee demand draft, banker's cheque, or bank guarantee; but where it exceeds the threshold of Rs 5 lakh, or in the case of foreign bidders in Global Tender Enquiries, it may be in the form of a bank guarantee issued or confirmed by a scheduled bank in India. A corporate guarantee or indemnity bond is not acceptable for bid security. <br> 'In case the bid security is more than a threshold (Rupees five lakh)...it may be in the form of a bank guarantee...issued\/ confirmed from any of the scheduled banks in India.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 286,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which of the following is exempt from payment of Earnest Money Deposit?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Public Sector Undertakings participating in the tender\",\r\n      \"Micro and Small Enterprises registered for the tendered item\",\r\n      \"Registered start-ups recognised by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade\",\r\n      \"Bidders offering the lowest evaluated price\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.1.1-5.<\/b> Submission of bid security may be exempted with the competent authority's approval, especially in indigenisation or development tenders, limited tenders, and for currently registered bidders who continue registered during bid validity; and registered start-ups recognised by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade are exempt from payment of Earnest Money Deposit. For a registered bidder, the exemption is valid only for the monetary value of registration. <br> 'Registered Startups as recognized by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT)...are exempt from payment of EMD.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 287,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in place of a bid security, a procuring entity may, with the competent authority's approval, ask bidders to submit:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A Bid Securing Declaration\",\r\n      \"A performance bank guarantee in advance\",\r\n      \"A corporate guarantee of a group company\",\r\n      \"An insurance policy in favour of the procuring entity\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.1.1-4.<\/b> In place of a bid security, the procuring entity, after the competent authority's approval, may ask bidders to submit a Bid Securing Declaration accepting that if they withdraw or modify their bid during validity, or fail to submit performance security or sign the contract, it will be treated as a violation of the Code of Integrity and they will be debarred for the period specified in the declaration. <br> 'Procuring Entities...may consider asking Bidders to submit a Bid securing declaration (BSD).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 288,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the bid securities of unsuccessful bidders should be returned to them at the latest by:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The 15th day after the award of the contract\",\r\n      \"The 30th day after the award of the contract\",\r\n      \"The 45th day after the award of the contract\",\r\n      \"The 60th day after the award of the contract\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.1.1-7.<\/b> Bid securities of unsuccessful bidders should be returned as soon as possible after expiry of the final bid validity period, and at the latest by the 30th day after the award of the contract; in two-packet or two-stage tendering, unsuccessful bidders' securities at the first stage are returned within 30 days of declaration of the first-stage result. The successful bidder's bid security is refunded upon receipt of performance security. <br> 'Bid securities of the unsuccessful bidders should be returned to them...at the latest, by the 30th day after the award of the contract.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 289,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, performance security should be for an amount of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Three to ten per cent of the value of the contract\",\r\n      \"Ten to fifteen per cent of the value of the contract\",\r\n      \"Five to ten per cent of the value of the contract\",\r\n      \"Two to five per cent of the value of the contract\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.1.2-1.<\/b> To ensure due performance, performance security is obtained from the successful bidder for an amount of three to ten per cent of the value of the contract for works, as specified in the tender documents; in higher value tenders, say above Rs 50 crore, a lower percentage from that band may be adopted to preserve competition. <br> 'Performance security should be for an amount of three (3) to ten (10) per cent of the value of the contract for works, as specified in the tender documents.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 290,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, performance security is generally to be furnished within a period after notification of the award of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"14 to 28 days\",\r\n      \"30 to 60 days\",\r\n      \"28 to 45 days\",\r\n      \"7 to 14 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.1.2-6.<\/b> Performance security is to be furnished by a specified date, generally 14 to 28 days after notification of the award, and it should remain valid for 60 days beyond the date of completion of all contractual obligations, including the Defect Liability Period or warranty period. <br> 'Performance Security is to be furnished by a specified date (generally 14 (fourteen) to 28 (twenty-eight) days after notification of the award).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 291,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, performance security should remain valid, beyond the date of completion of all contractual obligations including the Defect Liability Period or warranty period, for a period of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"60 days\",\r\n      \"45 days\",\r\n      \"30 days\",\r\n      \"90 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.1.2-6.<\/b> Performance security should remain valid for a period of 60 days, or any other period mentioned in the tender document, beyond the date of completion of all contractual obligations of the contractor, including the Defect Liability Period or warranty period. It is refunded without interest, not later than 60 days of completion of that period, and forfeited on breach of contract. <br> 'it should remain valid for a period of 60 (sixty) days...beyond the date of completion of all contractual obligations of the contractor, including Defect Liability Period (DLP)\/ Warranty period.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 292,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a contract is awarded to a Joint Venture, the bank guarantee towards performance security is to be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Provided by the lead member alone on behalf of the Joint Venture\",\r\n      \"Provided equally by all partners regardless of their share\",\r\n      \"Waived, a single corporate guarantee being taken instead\",\r\n      \"Provided by all partners in proportion to their participation in the project\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.1.2-3.<\/b> In the case of a Joint Venture, the bank guarantee towards performance security shall be provided by all partners in proportion to their participation in the project, so that each partner's stake is secured in line with its share. <br> 'In case of a JV, the BG towards performance security shall be provided by all partners in proportion to their participation in the project.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 293,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, contracts for works usually provide for a percentage of each running bill to be withheld as Security Deposit or retention money, that percentage usually being:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Five per cent\",\r\n      \"Three per cent\",\r\n      \"Two per cent\",\r\n      \"Ten per cent\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.1.3.<\/b> In addition to performance security, works contracts usually provide for a percentage \u2014 usually five per cent \u2014 of each running bill to be withheld as Security Deposit or retention money until final acceptance; the earnest money, instead of being released, may form part of the security deposit. <br> 'Contracts for works usually provide for a percentage (usually five percent) of each running bill...to be withheld as Security Deposit\/ retention money until final acceptance.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 294,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, one-half of the retention money, or the bank guarantee that replaced it, is released:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"On expiry of the bid validity period\",\r\n      \"On commencement of the work\",\r\n      \"On the issue of the taking-over certificate\",\r\n      \"On submission of the final bill\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.1.3(b).<\/b> One-half of the retention money, or the bank guarantee replacing it, is released on the issue of the taking-over certificate \u2014 or in such proportions as the engineer may determine where such certificates are issued in parts; the other half is released on expiration of 60 days after the Defect Liability Period or warranty period, or final payment, whichever is earlier, on the engineer's certification. <br> 'One-half of the retention money (or BG, which replaced retention money) shall be released on the issue of the taking-over certificate.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 295,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a Corporate Guarantee or an Indemnity Bond:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"May be accepted in lieu of Bid Security but not Performance Security\",\r\n      \"May in no case be accepted for Bid Security, Performance Security, or in lieu of any other bank guarantee\",\r\n      \"May be accepted for advance payment guarantees only\",\r\n      \"May be accepted from Public Sector Undertakings alone\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.1.4-3.<\/b> A Corporate Guarantee or Indemnity Bond shall not be accepted for Bid Security or Performance Security, or in lieu of any other bank guarantee, such as for advance payment or warranty obligations. Bank guarantees furnished as security must be verified from the issuing bank before acceptance. <br> 'Corporate Guarantee or Indemnity Bond shall not be accepted for Bid Security (EMD) or Performance Security, or in lieu of any other Bank Guarantee.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 296,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a bank guarantee submitted as security is to be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Accepted on the strength of the bidder's declaration of genuineness\",\r\n      \"Immediately verified from the issuing bank before acceptance\",\r\n      \"Vetted by legal and finance authorities even where it is in the specified format\",\r\n      \"Held uncashed and returned only after the defect liability period\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.1.4-1.<\/b> Bank guarantees submitted as Earnest Money Deposit or Performance Security are to be immediately verified from the issuing bank before acceptance; there may be no need for legal or finance vetting if the guarantee is in the specified format, and confirmation is obtained in writing from the issuing branch through registered post, courier, official email or the Structured Financial Messaging System. <br> 'Bank Guarantees submitted by the bidders\/ contractors as EMD\/ Performance Securities need to be immediately verified from the issuing bank before acceptance.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 297,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, monitoring of bank guarantees and other instruments should include a monthly review of all such instruments expiring in the next:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Three months\",\r\n      \"Two months\",\r\n      \"One month\",\r\n      \"Six months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.1.5-2.<\/b> Monitoring should include a monthly review of all bank guarantees and other instruments expiring in the next three months, along with a review of the progress of the corresponding contracts; extensions where warranted should be sought immediately and implemented within the validity period, and a bank guarantee should never be handed over to the contractor for the purpose of extending its validity. <br> 'Monitoring should also include a monthly review of all bank guarantees and other instruments expiring in next three months.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 298,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, for the purpose of extending its validity, a bank guarantee:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Should never be handed over to the contractor\",\r\n      \"Is to be replaced by a fresh guarantee from a different bank\",\r\n      \"May be surrendered to the issuing bank by the contractor\",\r\n      \"May be handed over to the contractor to arrange the extension\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.1.5-3.<\/b> Extensions of bank guarantees, where warranted, should be sought immediately and implemented within their validity period, and a bank guarantee should never be handed over to the contractor for the purpose of extending its validity; such monitoring may be computerised with automatic alerts about lapse of validity. <br> 'Bank Guarantee should never be handed over to the contractor for the purpose of extending the validity.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 299,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, an Indemnity Bond, also called an Indenture Bond in the context of secured advance payments, is defined under:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita\",\r\n      \"Section 124 of the Indian Contract Act\",\r\n      \"Rule 170 of the General Financial Rules, 2017\",\r\n      \"Section 2(e) of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.1.6-2(b).<\/b> An indemnity bond is defined under Section 124 of the Indian Contract Act \u2014 a contract by which one party promises to indemnify the other from loss caused by the conduct of the promisor or any other person; it is also called an Indenture Bond, especially in the context of secured advance payments in works contracts, and may in many cases be an alternative to a bank guarantee where the financial implication of default cannot be estimated. <br> 'Indemnity bonds are defined under Section 124 of the Indian Contracts Act.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 300,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in works and services contracts, the insurances the contractor must take against vicarious liabilities that may arise for the procuring entity relate to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Damage to the contractor's own plant and machinery\",\r\n      \"Fluctuations in the price of construction materials\",\r\n      \"Loss of profit due to project delay\",\r\n      \"Labour laws and workmen compensation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.1.6-1.<\/b> In works and services contracts the contractor must take insurances against vicarious liabilities that may arise for the procuring entity, that is, under labour laws and workmen compensation. Where the procuring entity needs protection against third-party injury or damage to its assets, an indemnity bond may suffice instead of insurance. <br> 'the Contractor must take insurances against vicarious liabilities that may arise for the procuring entity i.e. under labour laws and workmen compensation.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 301,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, all items with financial value in a works contract are required to be recorded in:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Bill of Quantities appended to the tender\",\r\n      \"The contractor's own stock register\",\r\n      \"The Measurement Books or level field books\",\r\n      \"The Interim Payment Certificate alone\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.2-2.<\/b> All items with financial value shall be recorded in Measurement Books or level field books to maintain a complete record of the work performed; measurements and levels are taken and signed jointly by the designated official and the contractor, and organisations are encouraged to implement Electronic Measurement Books integrated with project monitoring systems. <br> 'All items with financial value shall be recorded in Measurement Books (MB) or level field books to maintain a complete record of the work performed under the contract.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 302,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a contractor covers up work without the written consent of the procuring entity, the consequence is that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The procuring entity uncovers it and recovers double the cost\",\r\n      \"The work is deemed accepted as executed\",\r\n      \"A penalty equal to the value of the work is levied\",\r\n      \"The contractor must uncover it at their own expense, failing which they will not be paid for that work\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.2-2.<\/b> The contractor shall not cover, or place beyond reach, any work without the written consent of the procuring entity; otherwise the contractor has to uncover it at their own expense, or they will not be paid for that work. This protects the procuring entity's right to measure and verify concealed work. <br> 'The contractor shall not cover (or place it beyond reach) the work without written consent from the Procuring Entity, otherwise the contractor shall have to uncover it at their own expense, or they will not be paid for that work.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 303,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the document on the basis of which interim monthly payments are made to the contractor is the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Final Certificate of Completion\",\r\n      \"Interim Payment Certificate issued by the engineer\",\r\n      \"Taking Over Certificate\",\r\n      \"No Claim Certificate\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.2-3.<\/b> Each month the contractor submits a statement of amounts claimed, and the engineer issues an Interim Payment Certificate after verifying the quantity of work completed, reconciling field measurements, reviewing claims for extra work, checking retention amounts and making price adjustments; interim monthly payments are made on that certificate, net of retentions, recovery of advances and statutory deductions. <br> 'The engineer issues an Interim Payment Certificate (IPC)...Interim monthly payments are made based on the IPC, net of retentions, recovery of advances, and statutory deductions.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 304,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, to avoid delay in payments, an ad-hoc payment of at least 75 per cent of the eligible running account bill must be made within:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"10 working days of bill submission\",\r\n      \"3 working days of bill submission\",\r\n      \"28 working days of bill submission\",\r\n      \"30 working days of bill submission\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.2-4.<\/b> Ad-hoc payments of at least 75 per cent of the eligible running account bill must be made within 10 working days of bill submission, and the remaining payment within 28 working days; if payment is delayed beyond 10 working days, a written explanation must be submitted to the next higher authority within three working days. <br> 'Ad-hoc payments of at least 75% of the eligible running account bill must be made within 10 working days of bill submission.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 305,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the remaining amount of a running account bill, after the ad-hoc payment, should be made within:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"10 working days\",\r\n      \"14 working days\",\r\n      \"45 working days\",\r\n      \"28 working days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.2-4.<\/b> After the ad-hoc payment of at least 75 per cent within 10 working days, the remaining payment should be made within 28 working days; public authorities may include a provision for interest, at the General Provident Fund rate, where bills are delayed by more than 30 working days. <br> 'The remaining payment should be made within 28 working days.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 306,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, final payment should be made to the contractor after completion of the work within:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Six months\",\r\n      \"Two months\",\r\n      \"One month\",\r\n      \"Three months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.2-5.<\/b> The final bill is submitted by the contractor within a specified time after physical completion of work and issue of the Final Certificate of Completion, payment being made after verification on the personal certificate of the officer-in-charge; final payment should be paid to the contractor within three months after completion of work. <br> 'Final payment should be paid to the contractor within three months after completion of work.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 307,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, payments to contractors should ordinarily be made through:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Cheque or demand draft drawn on a Government treasury\",\r\n      \"The Electronic Clearance System, such as Real-Time Gross Settlement or National Electronic Funds Transfer\",\r\n      \"Cash, against acknowledgement\",\r\n      \"The Trade Receivables Discounting System in every case\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.2-6.<\/b> Procuring entities should make payments through the Electronic Clearance System, such as Real-Time Gross Settlement, National Electronic Funds Transfer or electronic payment gateways; only where such payments are not feasible may cheque or demand draft be used in exceptional circumstances. The Trade Receivables Discounting System is an option for financing receivables of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. <br> 'Procuring Entities should make payments through the Electronic Clearance System (ECS), e.g., Real-Time Gross Settlement systems (RTGS), National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 308,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a mobilisation advance, where provided in certain specialised and capital-intensive works, is paid at:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Ten per cent of the contract price\",\r\n      \"Five per cent of the contract price\",\r\n      \"Fifteen per cent of the contract price\",\r\n      \"Twenty per cent of the contract price\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.3.1-1.<\/b> Where justified in specialised and capital-intensive works, the contract may provide for an interest-bearing mobilisation advance paid exclusively for mobilisation costs at ten per cent of the contract price, on provision by the contractor of an unconditional bank guarantee that remains effective until the advance is fully repaid, its amount being progressively reduced as repaid through interim payment certificates. <br> 'an interest-bearing mobilisation advance to be paid to the contractor exclusively for the costs of mobilisation at 10 (ten) per cent of the contract price on the provision by the contractor of an unconditional BG.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 309,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the mobilisation advance of ten per cent may be paid in two instalments of five per cent each, the second instalment being paid on:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The engineer's certification that the contractor has achieved a financial progress of ten per cent of the contract price\",\r\n      \"Commencement of the work\",\r\n      \"Submission of the first running account bill\",\r\n      \"Expiry of ninety days from the first instalment\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.3.1-2.<\/b> The ten per cent advance may be paid in two instalments of five per cent each: the first on commencement of the work and provision of the unconditional bank guarantee, and the second on the engineer's certification that the contractor has achieved a financial progress of ten per cent of the contract price, together with a bank guarantee for that part of the advance. <br> 'The second instalment may be paid on certification by the engineer of the contractor's having achieved a financial progress of 10 (ten) per cent of the contract price.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 310,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where an interest-free mobilisation advance is given, its recovery should be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Linked to the progress of the work\",\r\n      \"Time based and not linked with progress of the work\",\r\n      \"Deferred until the final bill is submitted\",\r\n      \"Made in a single deduction from the last running bill\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.3.1-4.<\/b> Interest-free mobilisation advance may be given where the situation warrants, but it must be clearly stipulated in the tender document, and its recovery should be time based, not linked with progress of the work; this ensures that even if the contractor is not executing the work or is slow, recovery can commence, reducing scope for misuse. <br> 'its recovery should be time based not linked with progress of work.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 311,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, bank guarantees against the mobilisation advance should be taken:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"As a single guarantee for the full advance\",\r\n      \"In two guarantees regardless of the number of instalments\",\r\n      \"Only for half the advance, the balance being unsecured\",\r\n      \"In as many numbers as the proposed recovery instalments, each equivalent to the amount of an instalment\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.3.1-5.<\/b> Bank guarantees against the mobilisation advance should be taken in as many numbers as the proposed recovery instalments, each equivalent to the amount of each instalment, so that even if the contractor's money for work done is not available with the organisation, recovery can be ensured by encashing the guarantee for the work due to be completed in a given period. <br> 'Part 'Bank Guarantees' (BGs) against the mobilization advance should be taken in as many numbers as the proposed recovery instalments and should be equivalent to the amount of each instalment.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 312,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, an interest-bearing advance against new key construction equipment brought to the site should normally not be more than:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Seventy-five per cent of the depreciated cost of such plant and machinery\",\r\n      \"The full contract price attributable to such equipment\",\r\n      \"Ninety per cent of the invoice value of such plant and machinery\",\r\n      \"Fifty per cent of the depreciated cost of such plant and machinery\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.3.2-1.<\/b> Another interest-bearing advance of five per cent of the contract price may be paid against new key construction equipment purchased for the work and brought to site; the advance should normally not be more than 50 per cent of the depreciated cost of such plant and machinery, which is hypothecated to the Government before release, subject to conditions including proof of payment and a bank guarantee. No advance is admissible on hire-purchase, financed or hired equipment. <br> 'The advance should normally not be more than 50 (fifty) percent of the depreciated cost of such plants and machinery.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 313,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, an advance against plant and machinery is not admissible on:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Equipment purchased outright and brought to site\",\r\n      \"Equipment hypothecated to the Government\",\r\n      \"Equipment certified as necessary by the engineer\",\r\n      \"Equipment purchased under a hire purchase scheme or on hired equipment\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.3.2-1.<\/b> No advance shall be admissible on equipment purchased under a hire purchase scheme or financing arrangement, or on hired equipment; the advance is confined to new key construction equipment purchased outright, verified as brought to site, certified necessary by the engineer, hypothecated to the Government, and covered by a bank guarantee and an undertaking that it will work only on that job. <br> 'No advance shall be admissible on equipment purchased under a hire purchase scheme\/ financing arrangement or on hired equipment.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 314,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a secured advance against non-perishable materials brought to site but not yet incorporated in the works is made up to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Fifty per cent of the invoice value or of the value based on Bill of Quantities rates, whichever is less\",\r\n      \"Seventy-five per cent of the invoice value or of the value based on Bill of Quantities rates, whichever is less\",\r\n      \"Ninety per cent of the invoice value of the materials\",\r\n      \"The full invoice value of the materials\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.3.3-1.<\/b> A secured advance on the security of materials that are not combustible, fragile or perishable, brought to site but not yet incorporated, is made up to 75 per cent of the invoice value or 75 per cent of the corresponding value determined on Bill of Quantities rates, whichever is less, subject to the quantities not being excessive and being used within 90 days; the contractor signs an indenture bond hypothecating the goods and is responsible for their safe custody. <br> 'Secured advance...will be made up to 75 (seventy-five) per cent of invoice value, or the 75 (seventy-five) per cent of the corresponding value of the materials determined on the basis of BOQ rates, whichever is less.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 315,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in every case, the repayment of a secured advance against materials will be effected after the expiry of a period, from payment of the advance, of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"60 days\",\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"120 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.3.3-3.<\/b> The secured advance is repaid from each succeeding running bill to the extent the materials for which it was paid have been incorporated into the works; but in all cases the repayment will be effected after expiry of a period of 120 days since payment of the advance, whether the material is consumed in the work or not. <br> 'In all cases, the repayment of the advance will be affected after expiry of a period of 120 days since payment of advance, whether the material is consumed in the work or not.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 316,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a price variation provision shall not be applicable in contracts where the period of completion is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Twelve months or less\",\r\n      \"Eighteen months or less\",\r\n      \"Twenty-four months or less\",\r\n      \"Thirty-six months or less\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.4-3 and 5.4-4.<\/b> A price variation provision dealing with the rise and fall of prices of materials, labour and other key inputs shall not be applicable in contracts where the period of completion is eighteen months or less; such short-term contracts should normally be concluded with a firm fixed price, though a price adjustment clause may still be stipulated for inputs prone to short-term price volatility, especially for critical or high value works. <br> 'this shall not be applicable in the contracts where period of completion is eighteen months or less.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 317,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match the elements of a price variation clause in List I with their descriptions in List II:\\nList I\\n(P) Base date\\n(Q) Time-lag\\n(R) Minimum percentage\\n(S) Ceiling\\nList II\\n(1) The threshold of variation of the contract price only above which price variation becomes admissible\\n(2) The month and year to which the price is linked for calculating variation against price indices\\n(3) The cap, expressed as a percentage per annum or an overall limit, beyond which variation is not allowed\\n(4) The period by which the base date precedes the last date of submission of bids\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-4, R-2, S-3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.4-8.<\/b> The base date is the month and year to which the price is linked for calculating variation against prevailing price indices (P-2); the time-lag is the period by which the base date precedes the last date of submission of bids, when the last published indices are available (Q-4); the minimum percentage is the threshold of variation only above which price variation is admissible (R-1); and the ceiling caps the variation, as a percentage per annum or an overall limit, beyond which it is not allowed (S-3). <br> 'The price agreed upon should specify the base date...price variation formula must also stipulate a minimum percentage of variation...price variation clause should provide for a ceiling.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 318,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the base date specified in a price variation clause should be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The last date of submission of bids\",\r\n      \"The date of commencement of the work\",\r\n      \"The date of award of the contract\",\r\n      \"The date falling a few weeks or months before the last date of submission of bids, when the last published price indices would be available\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.4-8(a).<\/b> The price should specify a base date \u2014 the month and year to which it is linked \u2014 enabling variation to be calculated against the price indices of that month and year; this base date should be a few weeks or months, called the time-lag, prior to the last date of submission of bids, when the last published price indices would be available, and the time-lag applies to both the base date and the date of supply. <br> 'This base date should be a few weeks\/ months (periods is called time-lag) prior to the last date of submission of bids when the last published price indices would be available.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 319,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a price variation clause should provide for a ceiling on price variation, so that in rare cases where prices rise steeply:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The contract is automatically terminated\",\r\n      \"The excess is borne wholly by the procuring entity without limit\",\r\n      \"The price variation is capped at the ceiling level, expressed as a percentage per annum or an overall ceiling or both\",\r\n      \"The contractor may renegotiate the entire contract price\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.4-8(c).<\/b> Since prices may in rare cases rise so steeply as to frustrate the contract, the price variation clause should provide for a ceiling \u2014 a percentage per annum, or an overall ceiling, or both, say 20 to 25 per cent \u2014 beyond which the variation is capped at that level. The clause should also stipulate a minimum percentage below which no variation is admissible. <br> 'price variation clause should provide for a ceiling...on price variations, beyond which the price variation would be capped at this level.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 320,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a statutory regulation or bye-law comes into force after submission of bids and causes an additional or reduced cost to the contractor, that cost:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Is borne wholly by the contractor as a business risk\",\r\n      \"Shall be added to or deducted from the contract price, except where covered in cost indices\",\r\n      \"Requires re-tendering of the affected portion of the work\",\r\n      \"Is adjusted only if it exceeds the price variation ceiling\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.4-2.<\/b> If any statutory regulation or bye-law comes into force after submission of the bids, causing additional or reduced cost to the contractor in executing the contract, such statutory additional or reduced cost, except where covered in cost indices, shall be added to or deducted from the contract price. <br> 'such statutory additional or reduced cost (except which are covered in cost indices) shall be added or deducted from the contract price.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 321,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a price variation clause applies and there is a downward price trend, the contractor is required to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Submit calculations only where the variation results in a payment in its favour\",\r\n      \"Adjust the reduction only against the performance security\",\r\n      \"Submit its calculations for each bill even if the payment on account of variation is zero, and pass on price reductions to the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Withhold the calculation until the final bill\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.4 (downward variation).<\/b> Because a contractor may tend to hide a downward price trend, while claiming payments where variations are applicable it must submit its calculations for each bill even if the payment on account of variation is zero, and price reductions must be passed on to the procuring entity; where no claim is submitted, the procuring entity must examine whether there has been a downward trend the contractor has not disclosed. <br> 'the contractor must submit its calculations for each bill, even if the payment on account of these variations is zero. Price reductions due to such variations must be passed on to the Procuring Entity.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 322,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements:\\n1. The amount of bid security should ordinarily range between two and five per cent of the estimated value of the works.\\n2. Performance security should be for three to ten per cent of the value of the contract for works.\\n3. A price variation provision applies to contracts with a completion period of eighteen months or less.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.1.1-2, 5.1.2-1 and 5.4-3.<\/b> Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is wrong \u2014 a price variation provision does not apply where the period of completion is eighteen months or less; such short-term contracts are normally concluded at a firm fixed price. <br> 'this shall not be applicable in the contracts where period of completion is eighteen months or less.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 323,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding advances:\\n1. A mobilisation advance in specialised capital-intensive works is paid at ten per cent of the contract price.\\n2. An interest-free mobilisation advance is recovered in a manner linked to the progress of the work.\\n3. A secured advance against materials is repaid in every case after expiry of 120 days from payment of the advance.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.3.1-1, 5.3.1-4 and 5.3.3-3.<\/b> Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 2 is wrong \u2014 the recovery of an interest-free mobilisation advance should be time based and not linked with the progress of the work, so that recovery can commence even if the contractor is slow. <br> 'its recovery should be time based not linked with progress of work.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 324,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding securities:\\n1. A Corporate Guarantee may be accepted in lieu of a bank guarantee for advance payment.\\n2. A bank guarantee should never be handed over to the contractor for extending its validity.\\n3. Bid securities of unsuccessful bidders should be returned at the latest by the 30th day after award of the contract.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.1.4-3, 5.1.5-3 and 5.1.1-7.<\/b> Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Statement 1 is wrong \u2014 a Corporate Guarantee or Indemnity Bond shall not be accepted in lieu of any bank guarantee, including for advance payment or warranty obligations. <br> 'Corporate Guarantee or Indemnity Bond shall not be accepted for Bid Security (EMD) or Performance Security, or in lieu of any other Bank Guarantee.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 325,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the exemption from bid security available to a currently registered bidder is valid:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"For the monetary value of the registration only\",\r\n      \"For all tenders of the procuring entity without limit\",\r\n      \"Only for tenders below Rs 10 lakh\",\r\n      \"Only during the first year of registration\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.1.1-5.<\/b> Bid security may be exempted for bidders currently registered and continuing to remain registered during the bid validity period, on furnishing a certified copy of valid registration details, but this exemption is valid for the monetary value of the registration only. <br> 'This exemption is valid for the monetary value of registration only.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 326,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 5: FORMS OF SECURITIES, PRICES AND PAYMENT TERMS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a bidder's bid security is liable to be forfeited if:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The bidder seeks a clarification during the evaluation stage\",\r\n      \"The bidder quotes a price higher than the estimated cost\",\r\n      \"The successful bidder fails to furnish the required performance security or to sign the contract within the specified period\",\r\n      \"The bidder participates in more than one tender of the procuring entity\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 5.1.1-6.<\/b> A bidder's bid security is forfeited if the bidder withdraws or amends its bid, or impairs or derogates from the tender in any respect within the validity period, or if the successful bidder fails to furnish the required performance security or to sign the contract within the specified period. <br> 'if the successful bidder fails to furnish the required performance security or to sign the contract within the specified period.'\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  \/\/ Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK   (ids 327-396)\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  {\r\n    id: 327,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in a single stage single envelope tender, the evaluation of eligibility, qualification, technical, commercial and financial aspects is done:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"In sequence, the financial aspect being taken up only after technical clearance\",\r\n      \"In two separate committees, one for technical and one for financial\",\r\n      \"Simultaneously, the lowest priced bid meeting the criteria being declared successful\",\r\n      \"Only after a reference to the competent authority at each stage\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.1.2-1.<\/b> In single stage single envelope tendering, the evaluation of eligibility or qualification of bidders and of technical, commercial and financial aspects is done simultaneously, and the lowest priced bid meeting the eligibility or qualification criteria and the technical and commercial conditions is declared successful. Sequential opening applies to the two-envelope system. <br> 'the evaluation of eligibility\/ qualification of bidders, technical, commercial, and financial aspect is done simultaneously.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 328,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in a single stage two envelope tender, evaluators of technical proposals:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"May consult the financial proposals to resolve technical ambiguities\",\r\n      \"Shall open the financial proposals of all bidders together with the technical bids\",\r\n      \"Shall not have access to the financial proposals until the technical evaluation is concluded\",\r\n      \"Shall rank the financial bids before completing the technical evaluation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.1.2-2 and 6.1.4.<\/b> In a single stage two envelope tender, only the techno-commercial bids are opened and evaluated first; financial bids of successful bidders are opened thereafter, and evaluators of technical proposals shall not have access to the financial proposals until the technical evaluation is concluded, the financial envelope remaining unopened till then. <br> 'Evaluators of technical proposals shall not have access to the financial proposals until the technical evaluation is concluded.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 329,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the financial bid of a bidder in a two envelope tender is opened only if the bidder:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Obtains the minimum qualifying marks or standards prescribed for the technical bid\",\r\n      \"Has deposited the required bid security\",\r\n      \"Is registered with the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Attends the financial bid opening in person\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.1.4.<\/b> The evaluation is carried out in two stages: first, responsiveness and technical bids are evaluated; the financial bid of only such bidders as obtain the minimum qualifying marks or standards prescribed for the technical bid is then opened. The evaluation is carried out in full conformity with the tender document. <br> 'The financial bid of only such bidders will be opened which obtain minimum qualifying marks\/standards prescribed for the technical bid.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 330,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a comparative statement of quotations need not be prepared in cases up to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs 10 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 25 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 50 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 60 lakh\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.1.3.<\/b> Except in cases up to Rs 50 lakh, the procuring entity should prepare a comparative statement of technical and financial quotations in the order in which tenders were opened; it is signed by the concerned officers and may be vetted by associated or integrated finance, though vetting is not required where the statement is prepared by the electronic procurement portal. <br> 'Except in cases upto Rs 50 Lakh (Rupees Fifty Lakh) the Procuring Entity should prepare a comparative statement of quotations.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 331,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a comparative statement is prepared by the electronic procurement portal, vetting by associated or integrated finance:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Is mandatory in every case\",\r\n      \"Is required only in the case of global tenders\",\r\n      \"Is required only for tenders above Rs 50 lakh\",\r\n      \"Is not required\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.1.3.<\/b> The comparative statement is normally signed by the concerned officers and may be vetted by associated or integrated finance for veracity of information; however, where it is prepared by the electronic procurement portal, such vetting by associated or integrated finance is not required. <br> 'in case the comparative statement is prepared by the eProcurement portal, vetting by associated\/ integrated Finance is not required.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 332,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, from the time of bid submission to award of the contract, any effort by a bidder to influence the procuring entity in the processing, evaluation, comparison or award decision:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Is permissible if made in writing\",\r\n      \"Shall be construed as a violation of the Code of Integrity, the bid being liable to be rejected as non-responsive\",\r\n      \"Is permissible through the bidder's authorised representative\",\r\n      \"Attracts only a warning for the first instance\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.1.5.<\/b> From bid submission to award, no bidder shall contact the procuring entity on any matter relating to its bid except in writing or electronically for a genuine reason; any effort to influence the procuring entity during processing, evaluation, comparison or award decisions is construed as a violation of the Code of Integrity, and the bid is liable to be rejected as non-responsive besides other punitive action. <br> 'Any effort by a Bidder to influence the Procuring Entity during the processing of bids...shall be construed as a violation of the Code of Integrity, and bid shall be liable to be rejected as nonresponsive.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 333,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the direct acceptance threshold, below which evaluation of bids may be entrusted solely to the individual competent authority without a Tender Committee, is normally:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs 50 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 25 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 10 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 1 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.2.1-1.<\/b> There is a delegation up to a threshold value called the direct acceptance threshold, normally the limited tender enquiry threshold of Rs 50 lakh, below which evaluation may be entrusted solely and directly to the individual competent authority without a Tender Committee or evaluation report; that authority carries out all the evaluation steps and records reasons and decisions in the file itself. <br> 'There are delegations upto a threshold value (called direct acceptance threshold \u2013 normally LTE threshold of Rs 50 Lakhs) below which the evaluation of the Bids may be entrusted solely and directly to the individual competent authority.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 334,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a Tender Committee, where required, should normally comprise:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Three members, including a finance member nominated by the Financial Adviser and a representative of the user\",\r\n      \"Five members drawn wholly from the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Two members, one technical and one administrative\",\r\n      \"The competent authority and two nominees of the Central Public Works Department\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.2.1-2.<\/b> For procurements above the direct acceptance threshold, including nomination or special limited tender mode, evaluation is done by a Tender Committee that should normally comprise three members, including a finance member nominated by the Financial Adviser and a representative of the user, constituted as per the Schedule of Procurement Powers. The procuring entity's representative works as convenor or Member Secretary. <br> 'TC should normally comprise three members including a finance member (nominated by the Financial Advisor) and a representative of the user.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 335,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where the estimated value of the procurement exceeds Rs 50 lakh, the composition of the Tender Committee must be such that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"All members belong to the same wing of the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"The convenor is the senior-most member present\",\r\n      \"No member of the Committee reports directly to any other member of it\",\r\n      \"At least one member is drawn from outside the procuring entity\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 173(xxii), GFR 2017; Para 6.2.1-3.<\/b> Where the estimated value exceeds Rs 50 lakh, no member of the Tender Committee, nor the accepting authority, should be reporting directly to any other member of the Committee; further, an authority holding powers to recommend bids as a Committee member shall not also be the accepting authority for such tenders. <br> 'no member of the tender committee (or the accepting authority) should be reporting directly to any other member of such committee in case estimated value of the procurement exceeds Rs. 50 lakhs.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 336,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a Tender Committee is to be constituted with the approval of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The competent authority itself\",\r\n      \"The authority one level higher than the competent authority\",\r\n      \"The Financial Adviser of the Department\",\r\n      \"The Secretary of the Ministry\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.2.1-5.<\/b> Tender committees may be constituted with the approval of one level higher than the competent authority; organisations procuring regularly are advised to have pre-nominated Tender committees, by designation, with laid-down powers, jurisdiction, composition and corresponding competent authority for various categories and thresholds through a Schedule of Procurement Powers. <br> 'Tender committees may be constituted with the approval of one level higher than the competent authority.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 337,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where the competent authority is a Minister of the Central Government, to avoid delay the Minister's approval may be confined to the stage of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Issue of the tender\",\r\n      \"Approval of financial evaluation and award of contract\",\r\n      \"Approval of techno-commercial evaluation\",\r\n      \"Price negotiations\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.2.2-6.<\/b> Where the competent authority is a Minister of the Central Government, or the Board of Directors in a Central Public Sector Enterprise, obtaining approvals at many stages may delay the process; therefore their approval may be taken only at the stage of approval of financial evaluation and award of contract, approval at other stages being taken from the officer to whom such powers are delegated. <br> 'their approval may only be taken at the stage of \\\"Approval of Financial Evaluation and Award of contract\\\".'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 338,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where differences persist among Tender Committee members and no consensus is reached, the final recommendation shall be that of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The convenor of the Committee\",\r\n      \"The finance member, in view of financial propriety\",\r\n      \"The majority view, the dissent being recorded with the majority's views on the dissent note\",\r\n      \"The competent authority, replacing the Committee's recommendation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.2.3-1.<\/b> Members should resolve differences through personal discussion rather than written references; where consensus is impossible, the reasons for a member's dissent are recorded in a balanced manner along with the majority's views on the dissent note, and the final recommendation is that of the majority. The competent authority may overrule the dissent note after recording reasons, and that decision is final. <br> 'The final recommendations should be that of the majority view.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 339,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where the competent authority does not agree with the unanimous or majority recommendation of the Tender Committee, the course to be adopted is that the authority:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Records its views and, if possible, first sends the matter back to the Committee to reconsider along the lines of those views\",\r\n      \"Substitutes its own decision without further reference\",\r\n      \"Refers the matter to the next higher authority for a fresh evaluation\",\r\n      \"Cancels the tender and orders re-tendering\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.2.3-2.<\/b> Where the competent authority disagrees with the Committee's recommendation, it should record its views and, if possible, first send the matter back to the Committee to reconsider along the lines of the tender accepting authority's views; if the Committee sticks to its earlier recommendation, the authority may finally decide as deemed fit, recording detailed reasons, and is responsible for such decisions. <br> 'he should record his views and, if possible, firstly send it back to TC to reconsider along the lines of the tender accepting authority's views.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 340,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, since a nominee of the Financial Adviser is usually a member of the Tender Committee, before accepting the Committee's recommendations the competent authority:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Must separately obtain the concurrence of the Financial Adviser\",\r\n      \"Must obtain the Secretary's ratification\",\r\n      \"Must refer the matter to the Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Must not, as a rule, consult the Financial Adviser of the Department again\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.2.2-3.<\/b> Since a nominee of the Financial Adviser of the Department is usually a member of the Tender Committee, there is no need for the competent authority to consult the Financial Adviser of the Department again before accepting the Committee's recommendations; the authority's responsibility is nonetheless not discharged merely by selecting the cheapest offer, but by ensuring fair procedure, suitability, reasonable price and financial propriety. <br> 'there is no need for the CA to consult the FA of the Department before accepting the TC recommendations.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 341,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the responsibility of the competent authority in a purchase decision is discharged not merely by accepting the Tender Committee's recommendations, but by ensuring, among other things, that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The cheapest offer has been selected in every case\",\r\n      \"The accepted offer is the most appropriate, taking all relevant factors into account in keeping with the standards of financial propriety\",\r\n      \"The contract is awarded to a bidder registered with the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"The award is published before the contract is signed\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.2.2-3.<\/b> The competent authority's responsibility is not discharged merely by selecting the cheapest offer or accepting the recommendations, but by ensuring that offers were invited following fair and reasonable procedure, that the selected offer meets the requirement, that its price is reasonable and consistent with the required quality, and that the accepted offer is the most appropriate taking all relevant factors into account in keeping with the standards of financial propriety. <br> 'The accepted offer is the most appropriate taking all relevant factors into account in keeping with the standards of financial propriety.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 342,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, members of the Tender Committee are required, from the date of their appointment to the date the contract is awarded, to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Refrain from any conflict of interest and from directly engaging in any communication with bidders\",\r\n      \"Meet the bidders individually to clarify their offers\",\r\n      \"Disclose the evaluation marks to the bidders on request\",\r\n      \"Report their proceedings weekly to the competent authority\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.2.4-1.<\/b> Members of the Tender Committee should not have any conflict of interest and should not directly engage in any communication with bidders from the date of their appointment to the date on which the contract is awarded, safeguarding the independence, impartiality and confidentiality of the evaluation. <br> 'Members of the TC should not have any conflict of interest and should not directly engage in any communication with bidders from the date of their appointment to the date on which the contract is awarded.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 343,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in judging the adequacy of competition, a number of independent bids, without suspicion of a cartel, that may indicate a lack of competition is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Less than three\",\r\n      \"Less than two\",\r\n      \"Less than five\",\r\n      \"Less than eight\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 173(xx), GFR 2017; Para 6.2.7-1.<\/b> The number of bids indicating adequate competition depends on the parameters of procurement and the market, and is to be judged by the Tender Committee; however, less than three independent bids, without suspicion of a cartel, may indicate a lack of competition, and the Committee must record a paragraph in its report on the adequacy or otherwise of competition. <br> 'less than three independent bids (without suspicion of the cartel) may indicate a lack of competition.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 344,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where an advertised or limited tender results in only one responsive bid, the situation of a 'Single Offer' is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Treated as a Single Tender, the contract being placeable on the Single Offer bidder if the quoted price is reasonable\",\r\n      \"Automatically rejected and re-tendered\",\r\n      \"Treated as a limited tender for the next round\",\r\n      \"Referred to the Department of Expenditure for approval\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 173(xxi), GFR 2017; Para 6.2.7-2.<\/b> Where the procuring entity ends up with only one responsive bid, this 'Single Offer' is treated as a Single Tender; the contract may be placed on the Single Offer bidder provided the quoted price is reasonable, the restricted powers of the single tender mode applying. Routinely assuming that a single-bid open tender is unacceptable and re-tendering as a safe course is expressly stated to be incorrect. <br> 'such situation of 'Single Offer' is to be treated as Single Tender. The contract may be placed on the 'Single Offer' bidder provided the quoted price is reasonable.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 345,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, lack of competition in a tender:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Shall be determined solely on the basis of the number of bidders\",\r\n      \"Is presumed whenever fewer than three bids are received, without exception\",\r\n      \"Shall not be determined solely on the basis of the number of bidders, a single-bid process being valid where advertising was adequate, criteria not unduly restrictive and prices reasonable\",\r\n      \"Requires cancellation of the tender in every case\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.2.7-2.<\/b> Lack of competition shall not be determined solely on the basis of the number of bidders; even where only one bid is submitted, the process may be considered valid provided the procurement was satisfactorily advertised with sufficient time for submission, the qualification criteria were not unduly restrictive, and the prices are reasonable in comparison with market values. <br> 'Lack of competition shall not be determined solely on the basis of the number of bidders.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 346,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a bid found to be the lowest evaluated bid is withdrawn because its bidder refuses to extend the bid validity, the L1 price of that withdrawn bid:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Shall be taken as the ceiling for the re-tender\",\r\n      \"Shall not be taken as a precedent for determining price estimates or reasonableness\",\r\n      \"Shall be offered to the next bidder for matching\",\r\n      \"Shall be treated as the reasonable price for future procurements\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.2.6-3(b).<\/b> If a withdrawn bid happens to be the L1 bidder, the tender must be re-tendered, the immediate short-term needs being met meanwhile through an appropriate mode; however, the L1 price of the not-extended or withdrawn bid shall not be taken as a precedent for determining price estimates or reasonableness. <br> 'such L1 price of the not-extended or withdrawn bids shall not be taken as precedence for determining price estimates or reasonableness.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 347,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the Tender Committee has to make formal recommendations for award of the contract to the bidder whose bid has been determined to be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The lowest evaluated bid, irrespective of responsiveness\",\r\n      \"The bid enjoying the best past relationship with the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"The bid offering the shortest completion period\",\r\n      \"The substantially responsive and lowest evaluated bid, the bidder being qualified and his credentials verified\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.2.8-1.<\/b> The Tender Committee has to recommend award to the bidder whose bid is determined to be substantially responsive and the lowest evaluated bid, provided further that the bidder is qualified to perform the contract satisfactorily and his credentials have been verified. It is good practice for the Committee to spell out the salient terms of the offer recommended. <br> 'award of the contract to the bidder whose bid has been determined to be substantially responsive and the lowest evaluated bid, provided further that the bidder is determined to be qualified.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 348,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, only such bids are considered for further evaluation as are:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Substantively responsive, that is complete and conforming to the essential terms without substantive deviation, reservation or omission\",\r\n      \"Received from bidders registered with the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Accompanied by the lowest three quoted prices\",\r\n      \"Received before the pre-bid conference\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 189, GFR 2017; Para 6.3.1.<\/b> A substantively responsive bid is complete and conforms to the tender document's essential terms, conditions and requirements without substantive deviation, reservation or omission; only such bids are considered for further evaluation, and all bids are first scrutinised to identify unresponsive ones, which are ignored. <br> 'Only substantively responsive bids shall be considered for further evaluation. Other bids shall be treated as unresponsive and ignored.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 349,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a bid is liable to be declared unresponsive during initial scrutiny where:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The required Earnest Money Deposit has not been provided, or exemption is claimed without acceptable proof\",\r\n      \"The bidder has quoted a price below the estimated cost\",\r\n      \"The bidder is registered with another Public Works Organisation\",\r\n      \"The bidder has offered a longer bid validity than required\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.3.1(b).<\/b> Among the points on which a bid may be declared unresponsive is that the required Earnest Money Deposit has not been provided, or exemption from it is claimed without acceptable proof of exemption; other grounds include an unsigned bid, ineligibility, departure from essential requirements, conditional or multiple bids where not permitted, and shorter-than-required validity. <br> 'The required EMD has not been provided or exemption from EMD is claimed without acceptable proof of exemption.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 350,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where in a responsive tender there is a discrepancy between the amount quoted in words and the amount in figures, the amount that shall prevail is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The amount in figures\",\r\n      \"The lower of the two amounts\",\r\n      \"The amount in words\",\r\n      \"The amount as clarified by the bidder\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.3.2(c).<\/b> Where there is a discrepancy between words and figures, the amount in words shall prevail. Similarly, if the unit price and total price differ, the unit price prevails and the total is corrected; and if a total corresponding to addition of sub-totals is in error, the sub-totals prevail. Such a discrepancy is conveyed to the bidder, and if he does not agree, the tender is liable to be rejected. <br> 'If there is a discrepancy between words and figures, the amount in words shall prevail.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 351,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where there is a discrepancy between the unit price and the total price obtained by multiplying the unit price by the quantity, the price that shall prevail is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The total price, the unit price being corrected\",\r\n      \"The amount in words, regardless of the figures\",\r\n      \"The unit price, the total price being corrected accordingly\",\r\n      \"The lower of the two, in the procuring entity's favour\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.3.2(a).<\/b> Where there is a discrepancy between the unit price and the total price obtained by multiplying the unit price by the quantity, the unit price shall prevail and the total price shall be corrected accordingly. This mirrors the rule that where a total corresponding to addition or subtraction of sub-totals is in error, the sub-totals prevail. <br> 'the unit price shall prevail and the total price corrected accordingly.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 352,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in electronic procurement, where there is a discrepancy between the uploaded scanned copies and the originals submitted by the bidder, the text that shall prevail is that of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The uploaded scanned copy\",\r\n      \"The original copy\",\r\n      \"Whichever was submitted earlier\",\r\n      \"The copy favouring the procuring entity\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.3.3.<\/b> Where discrepancies exist between the uploaded scanned or other copies and the originals submitted by the bidder, the original copy's text shall prevail, the issue being addressed with the bidder as in the case of other discrepancies. Any substantive discrepancy is construed as a violation of the Code of Integrity, and the bid is liable to be rejected as non-responsive. <br> 'the original copy's text, etc., shall prevail.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 353,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a deviation, reservation or omission from the tender document is a substantive deviation where it:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Consists of a missing page or an illegible document\",\r\n      \"Is a benefit offered above the scope of the works\",\r\n      \"Relates to the number of copies of a document submitted\",\r\n      \"Affects in any substantive way the scope or quality of the work\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.3.4-2.<\/b> A deviation, reservation or omission is substantive where it affects in any substantive way the scope or quality of the work, or limits in a substantive way the procuring entity's rights or the bidder's obligations inconsistent with the tender document, or whose rectification would unfairly affect the competitive position of other responsive bidders; the rest are minor deviations. Bids with substantive deviations are rejected as non-responsive. <br> 'which affects in any substantive way the scope or quality of the work.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 354,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a bid with a substantive deviation may nonetheless be accepted, with reasons recorded, in the case of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Open Tender Enquiry procurement\",\r\n      \"Global Tender Enquiry procurement\",\r\n      \"Limited Tender Enquiry procurement\",\r\n      \"Single Tender Enquiry procurement, with the approval of the Competent Financial Authority\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.3.4-3.<\/b> The decision of the procuring entity on responsiveness is final, and bids with substantive deviations are ordinarily rejected as non-responsive; however, bids with deviations may be accepted in the case of Single Tender Enquiry procurement with the approval of the Competent Financial Authority, with reasons recorded for accepting such deviations. <br> 'bids with deviations may be accepted in the case of STE procurement with approval of Competent Financial Authority, with reasons recorded for accepting such deviations.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 355,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, techno-commercial or financial benefits offered by a bidder above the scope of works specified in the tender document:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Shall enhance the bidder's evaluation score\",\r\n      \"Shall not influence evaluation of bids, but if the bid is otherwise successful shall be availed and become part of the contract\",\r\n      \"Shall render the bid non-responsive\",\r\n      \"Shall be counted only in a Quality and Cost Based Selection\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.3.4-4.<\/b> Variations, deviations and other offered benefits, whether techno-commercial or financial, above the scope of works specified in the tender document shall not influence the evaluation of bids; but if the bid is otherwise successful, such benefits shall be availed by the procuring entity and become part of the contract. <br> 'such benefits shall be availed by the Procuring Entity, and these would become part of the contract.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 356,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the settled judicial view regarding minor deviations that do not amount to substantive deviations is that the procuring entity:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Must reject any bid containing even a minor deviation\",\r\n      \"Is entitled to consider and allow such minor deviations\",\r\n      \"May allow them only with the Department of Expenditure's approval\",\r\n      \"Must refer each to the Tender Committee for a fresh decision\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.3.4-6.<\/b> Courts have consistently held that the procuring entity is entitled to consider and allow minor deviations that do not amount to substantive deviations; the procuring entity may accept bids with minor issues provided they do not constitute a substantive deviation, have no fiscal impact, do not prejudice or affect the ranking order, and do not grant the bidder any undue advantage. <br> 'The court has consistently taken the view that the procuring entity is entitled to consider and allow minor deviations that do not amount to substantive deviations.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 357,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in seeking clarification of bids during evaluation, the procuring entity:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"May permit a change in price to correct a bidder's error\",\r\n      \"May allow the bidder to alter the specifications quoted\",\r\n      \"Shall entertain post-bid clarifications offered at the bidder's initiative\",\r\n      \"Shall not seek, offer or permit any change in prices or substance of the bid that would grant an undue advantage\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.3.5-1.<\/b> During evaluation the procuring entity may, at its discretion, seek clarification in writing to remove minor ambiguities or confirm authenticity of documents already submitted; but no change in prices or in the substance of the bid, including specifications, that would grant the bidder any undue advantage shall be sought, offered or permitted, and no post-bid clarification at the bidder's initiative shall be entertained. <br> 'No change in prices or substance of the bid including specifications, which may grant any undue advantage to such bidder, shall be sought, offered, or permitted.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 358,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a bidder, on being asked to clarify a minor issue, does not reply by the specified date or gives an evasive reply without clarifying the point at issue, the bid:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Shall be considered on its original terms\",\r\n      \"Shall be granted an automatic extension to reply\",\r\n      \"Shall be referred to the competent authority for condonation\",\r\n      \"Shall be liable to be rejected as non-responsive\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.3.4-6 and 6.3.5-1.<\/b> Where necessary, the procuring entity conveys its observation on minor issues to the bidder; if the bidder does not reply by the specified date or gives an evasive reply without clarifying the point at issue in clear terms, that bid is liable to be rejected as non-responsive. The clarification request itself is made in writing with a specified date for response. <br> 'If the bidder does not reply by the specified date or gives an evasive reply without clarifying the point at issue in clear terms, that bid shall be liable to be rejected as non-responsive.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 359,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a bidder has not quoted for the entire requirement specified in a schedule of the list of requirements, the bid:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Shall be evaluated for the portion quoted\",\r\n      \"Shall be referred to the user department for a view\",\r\n      \"Shall be accepted subject to the bidder undertaking the balance later\",\r\n      \"Shall be declared unresponsive\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.3.1(e).<\/b> A bid is unresponsive where, against a schedule in the list of requirements, the tenderer has not quoted for the entire requirement as specified in that schedule \u2014 for example, where the schedule requires supply, installation, commissioning and training, but the tenderer has quoted only for supply of the equipment. <br> 'the tenderer has not quoted for the entire requirement as specified in that schedule.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 360,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding evaluation:\\n1. Evaluators of technical bids shall not have access to the financial bids until the technical evaluation is concluded.\\n2. A comparative statement of quotations is required in all cases irrespective of value.\\n3. Only substantively responsive bids shall be considered for further evaluation.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 6.1.4, 6.1.3 and 6.3.1.<\/b> Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 2 is wrong \u2014 a comparative statement need not be prepared in cases up to Rs 50 lakh. <br> 'Except in cases upto Rs 50 Lakh (Rupees Fifty Lakh) the Procuring Entity should prepare a comparative statement of quotations.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 361,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding discrepancies in a bid:\\n1. Where the unit price and total price differ, the total price prevails.\\n2. Where words and figures differ, the amount in words prevails.\\n3. Where the uploaded scanned copy and the original differ, the original prevails.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 6.3.2(a), 6.3.2(c) and 6.3.3.<\/b> Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Statement 1 is wrong \u2014 where the unit price and total price differ, the unit price prevails and the total is corrected, not the other way round. <br> 'the unit price shall prevail and the total price corrected accordingly.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 362,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in a single stage multiple envelope tender, the financial bids that are opened for evaluation are those of bidders who:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Have deposited the highest bid security\",\r\n      \"Quoted within the estimated cost\",\r\n      \"Successfully meet the qualification criteria and techno-commercial aspects\",\r\n      \"Are registered with the procuring entity\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4-4.<\/b> In single stage multiple envelopes, only the techno-commercial bids are opened and evaluated first for bids that successfully meet the qualification criteria and techno-commercial aspects; financial bids of only such successful bidders are opened to select the L1 bidder, and in off-line tenders the financial bids of unsuccessful bidders are returned unopened. Under Quality and Cost Based Selection, only bids scoring the minimum technical cut-off are opened. <br> 'Financial bids of such successful bidders would only be opened for selecting the L1 bidder among these.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 363,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the ranking of responsive financial bids to determine the lowest priced bidder is based on:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The basic price alone, excluding taxes\",\r\n      \"The total outgo from the buyer's pocket, including applicable taxes, transportation, agency commission and insurance\",\r\n      \"The price quoted in words only\",\r\n      \"The price after deducting any conditional discount\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.2-3.<\/b> Financial bids of all techno-commercially suitable bids are evaluated and ranked to determine the lowest priced bidder, except in Quality and Cost Based Selection, based on the total outgo from the buyer's pocket \u2014 including Goods and Services Tax, transportation, agency commission, insurance and the price of incidental goods or services as applicable. For a Central Public Sector Enterprise availing Input Tax Credit, the price is taken net of Goods and Services Tax. <br> 'based on the total outgo from the buyer's pocket (including GST, transportation, agency commission, insurance, price of incidental goods\/ services etc. as applicable).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 364,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where the evaluation of a financial bid is on price criteria only, a price bid so ambiguous that it may lead to two equally valid total price amounts is to be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Treated as unresponsive\",\r\n      \"Corrected by taking the lower of the two amounts\",\r\n      \"Referred to the bidder for a fresh quotation\",\r\n      \"Evaluated at the higher of the two amounts\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.2-2.<\/b> Unless otherwise stipulated, evaluation of financial bids is on the price criteria only; if the price bid is ambiguous such that it may very well lead to two equally valid total price amounts, the bid is to be treated as unresponsive. Unresponsive tenders may again be identified after financial bid opening, as at technical bid opening. <br> 'If the price bid is ambiguous so that it may very well lead to two equally valid total price amounts, then the bid should be treated as unresponsive.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 365,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a bidder offers a suo motu discount or rebate after the opening of the tender, that discount:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Shall not be considered for ranking, but shall be incorporated in the contract if that bidder becomes L1 at its original offer\",\r\n      \"Shall be shared equally among all responsive bidders\",\r\n      \"Shall render the bid conditional and hence unresponsive\",\r\n      \"Shall be used to improve the bidder's ranking\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.1-9.<\/b> Suo motu discounts or rebates offered after tender opening, whether techno-commercial or financial, are not considered for ranking the offer; but if such a firm becomes L1 at its original offer, the discounts or rebates must be incorporated in the contract. This applies equally to conditional rebates such as those for faster payment. <br> 'Such discounts\/ rebates should not be considered for ranking the offer, but if such a firm does become L1 at its original offer, such suo motu discounts\/ rebates must be incorporated in the contracts.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 366,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where there is a tie at the lowest bid position between two or more bidders, and it is not a case of cartel formation, the order shall be placed on the bidder having:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The higher turnover in the previous financial year\",\r\n      \"The earlier registration with the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"The higher technical score\",\r\n      \"The shorter completion period\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.1-8.<\/b> Rarely, there may be a tie at the lowest bid position; after first determining that it is not a case of cartel formation, the order is placed on the L1 bidder having a higher turnover in the previous financial year. Where the tie is only between start-ups and none has past turnover, the order goes to the start-up registered earlier with the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade. <br> 'the order shall be placed on the L1 bidder having a higher turnover in the previous financial year.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 367,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, under Least Cost Selection the proposal considered for award of contract is the one ranked:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"H-1, the highest combined scorer\",\r\n      \"The proposal nearest the estimated cost\",\r\n      \"L-2, as a safeguard against abnormally low bids\",\r\n      \"L-1, the least cost proposal\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.3.<\/b> Under Least Cost Selection procedures the financial proposals are ranked by total evaluated cost, the least cost proposal being ranked L-1 and the next higher L-2, L-3 and so on; the least cost proposal, L-1, is considered for award of contract, the Tender Committee reporting to the competent finance authority that L-1 may be approved or invited for negotiation and final award. <br> 'The least cost proposal (L-1) will be considered for award of contract.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 368,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, under Quality and Cost Based Selection, the proposal with the highest technical marks is given a technical score of 100, and other proposals are given scores:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Inversely proportional to their marks with respect to the highest\",\r\n      \"Equal to their raw marks out of 100\",\r\n      \"Proportional to their marks with respect to the highest technical marks\",\r\n      \"Based on a fixed deduction of ten marks per rank\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.5-2(e).<\/b> The proposal with the highest technical marks is given a score of 100, and other proposals are given technical scores proportional to their marks with respect to the highest technical marks. The proposal with the lowest evaluated cost is given a financial score of 100, and others financial scores inversely proportional to their prices with respect to the lowest offer. <br> 'other proposals be given technical score that are proportional to their marks w.r.t the highest technical marks.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 369,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, under Quality and Cost Based Selection the proposal with the lowest evaluated cost is given a financial score of 100, and other proposals are given financial scores:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Proportional to their prices with respect to the lowest offer\",\r\n      \"Based on their ranking position alone\",\r\n      \"Inversely proportional to their prices with respect to the lowest offer\",\r\n      \"Equal to the percentage by which they exceed the lowest offer\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.5-2(f).<\/b> The proposal with the lowest evaluated cost is given a financial score of 100, and other proposals are given financial scores that are inversely proportional to their prices with respect to the lowest offer; the total score is then obtained by weighting the quality and cost scores and adding them. <br> 'proposal with the lowest evaluated cost may be given a financial score of 100 (Hundred) and other proposals given financial scores that are inversely proportional to their prices w.r.t the lowest offer.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 370,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, under Quality and Cost Based Selection the proposal recommended for award of contract is the one ranked:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"H-1, obtaining the highest total combined score of quality and cost\",\r\n      \"The proposal with the lowest financial score\",\r\n      \"The proposal with the highest technical marks alone\",\r\n      \"L-1, the lowest evaluated cost\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.5-2(g).<\/b> The total score is obtained by weighting and adding the quality and cost scores; the proposal obtaining the highest total combined score is ranked H-1, followed by H-2, H-3 and so on, and the H-1 proposal is recommended for award. Where two or more bids have the same final score, the bid with the higher technical score is H-1. <br> 'The proposal securing the highest combined marks and ranked H-1 shall be recommended for award of contract.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 371,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in a Quality and Cost Based Selection where two or more bids obtain the same total score in the final ranking, the bid ranked H-1 is the one with:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The higher technical score\",\r\n      \"The earlier date of bid submission\",\r\n      \"The lower evaluated price\",\r\n      \"The higher turnover\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.5-2(g).<\/b> In the event two or more bids have the same score in the final ranking, the bid with the higher technical score is ranked H-1 and recommended for award, quality being the tie-breaker in a quality-oriented selection. <br> 'In the event two or more bids have the same score in final ranking, the bid with higher technical score will be H-1.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 372,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in a Global Tender Enquiry all offers are to be converted to Indian Rupees for comparison, based on:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The rate notified by the Reserve Bank of India on the date of opening\",\r\n      \"The exchange rate on the date of award of contract\",\r\n      \"The bill currency selling exchange rate on the bid submission deadline\",\r\n      \"The average of buying and selling rates on the date of evaluation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.6(a).<\/b> In Global Tender Enquiries, foreign bidders may quote in Indian Rupees or freely convertible currencies, but incidental goods or services sourced in India are quoted in Indian Rupees; all offers are converted to Indian Rupees based on the bill currency selling exchange rate on the bid submission deadline, quoted by the specified source or, if unspecified, by authorised exchange bankers approved by the Reserve Bank of India. <br> 'All offers are to be converted to Indian Rupees based on the \\\"Bill currency selling\\\" exchange rate on the bid submission deadline.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 373,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in every recommendation of the Tender Committee for award of contract, it must be declared that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The estimated cost has not been exceeded\",\r\n      \"The lowest bid has been accepted without negotiation\",\r\n      \"The bidder is registered with the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"The rates recommended are reasonable\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.7-1.<\/b> In every recommendation of the Tender Committee for award of contract, it must be declared that the rates recommended are reasonable, comparison being made with similar contracts awarded elsewhere. Where rates are abnormally low or unreasonably high, or a cartel is suspected, action is taken under the relevant paragraphs. <br> 'In every recommendation of the TC for award of contract, it must be declared that the rates recommended are reasonable.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 374,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where there is no estimated cost, the basis for judging the reasonableness of rates is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Last Purchase Price, the price paid in the latest successful contract\",\r\n      \"The average of all bids received\",\r\n      \"The lowest bid received in the current tender\",\r\n      \"The Schedule of Rates of the previous financial year\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.7-2.<\/b> In large value tenders, blind reliance on the cost estimate is not recommended, and more than one method may be used to triangulate a reasonable price; where there is no estimated cost, a comparison with the Last Purchase Price \u2014 the price paid in the latest successful contract \u2014 is the basis for judging reasonableness, subject to cautions about defaults, updating and geographical differences. <br> 'Where there is no estimated cost, a comparison with Last Purchase Price (LPP-the price paid in the latest successful contract) is the basis for judging reasonableness of rates.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 375,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, prices paid in emergencies or offered in distress work completion are treated, for the purpose of judging reasonableness in future procurements, as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The most reliable guideline available\",\r\n      \"Not accurate guidelines for future use, and not valid as a Last Purchase Price for comparison\",\r\n      \"A ceiling on future rates\",\r\n      \"A floor below which future bids are abnormally low\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.7-2(f).<\/b> Prices paid in emergencies or offered in distress work completion are not accurate guidelines for future use; such contracts and Tender Committee proceedings should record that these prices are not a valid Last Purchase Price for comparison in future procurement, since they are distorted by the exigencies under which they arose. <br> 'Prices paid in emergencies or prices offered in a distress work completion are not accurate guidelines for future use.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 376,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, an Abnormally Low Bid is one in which the bid price, in combination with other elements, appears so low that it raises material concerns as to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The bidder's registration status\",\r\n      \"The genuineness of the bidder's bank guarantee\",\r\n      \"The bidder's turnover in the previous year\",\r\n      \"The capability of the bidder to perform the contract at the offered price\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.8-1.<\/b> An Abnormally Low Bid is one where the bid price, in combination with other elements of the bid, appears so low that it raises material concerns as to the capability of the bidder to perform the contract at the offered price; the procuring entity may seek written clarifications, including detailed price analyses in relation to scope, schedule, resource mobilisation and allocation of risks. <br> 'appears so low that it raises material concerns as to the capability of the Bidder to perform the contract at the offered price.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 377,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where an Abnormally Low Bid is rejected after the bidder fails to demonstrate capability at the offered price, the next higher bidder is evaluated for award:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"At the estimated cost sanctioned for the work\",\r\n      \"At the abnormally low bid's rate, by counter-offer\",\r\n      \"Only after a fresh tender is floated\",\r\n      \"At his own quoted rate, and not by counter-offering the rate of the abnormally low bid\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.8-1.<\/b> If, after evaluating the price analyses, the procuring entity determines that the bidder has substantially failed to demonstrate capability to deliver at the offered price, it may reject the bid and evaluate the next higher bidder, and so on, at his own quoted rate \u2014 not by counter-offering the rate of the abnormally low bid. It would not be advisable to fix a normative percentage below the estimate that would automatically be treated as abnormally low. <br> 'evaluate the next higher bidder (and so on), at his\/ their own quoted rate (and not by counteroffering the rate of ALB), for award of contract.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 378,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the position regarding fixing a normative percentage below the estimated cost to identify an abnormally low bid is that it:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Is mandatory and must be stated in the tender\",\r\n      \"Is fixed at ten per cent below the estimate\",\r\n      \"Is inadvisable, since it would automatically brand any bid below it as abnormally low\",\r\n      \"Is decided by the Financial Adviser in each case\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.8-1.<\/b> It would not be advisable to fix a normative percentage below the estimated cost which would automatically be considered an abnormally low bid; instead, concern is triggered case by case and the bidder is asked for a price analysis to demonstrate capability to perform at the offered price. <br> 'it would not be advisable to fix a normative percentage below the estimated cost, which would automatically be considered as an abnormally low bid.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 379,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a tender is floated exclusively from pre-qualified or approved sources and cartel formation is suspected among them, the procuring entity may:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Place orders on sources outside the pre-qualified or approved sources for any quantity\",\r\n      \"Award the work to the lowest of the pre-qualified sources without inquiry\",\r\n      \"Cancel the empanelment of all pre-qualified sources\",\r\n      \"Refer the matter to the Competition Commission before any award\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.9-6(c).<\/b> Where a tender is floated exclusively from pre-qualified or approved sources and cartel formation is suspected among such sources, the procuring entity may place orders on sources outside the pre-qualified or approved sources for any quantity; it may also reject all bids from the suspected cartel, or place orders on one or more firms from among the cartel with exclusion of the rest. <br> 'Procuring Entity may place orders on sources outside the pre-qualified\/ approved sources for any quantity.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 380,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, negotiations for reduction of prices after bid opening are to be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Adopted as the normal practice to secure the best price\",\r\n      \"Conducted only through the Financial Adviser\",\r\n      \"Held with all responsive bidders together\",\r\n      \"Severely discouraged, resorted to only in exceptional circumstances as a rare exception\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.10-1.<\/b> Negotiations with bidders after bid opening must be severely discouraged and should be a rare exception rather than the rule, resorted to only in exceptional circumstances; where undertaken to reduce prices, they are held only with the lowest acceptable bidder, L1. The decision whether to negotiate, and with whom, rests with the tender accepting authority on the Tender Committee's recommendation, with convincing reasons recorded. <br> 'Negotiations with bidders after bid opening must be severely discouraged. Negotiations should be a rare exception rather than the rule.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 381,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where negotiations for reduction of prices are decided upon, they are to be held only with:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"All bidders whose bids were responsive\",\r\n      \"The lowest acceptable bidder, who is techno-commercially responsive and on whom the contract would have been placed but for the decision to negotiate\",\r\n      \"The bidder offering the highest technical score\",\r\n      \"Any bidder the procuring entity chooses to invite\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.10-1.<\/b> Negotiations, where decided upon, are held only with the lowest acceptable bidder, L1, who is techno-commercially responsive for the supply of a bulk quantity and on whom the contract would have been placed but for the decision to negotiate. In no case, including where a cartel is suspected, may negotiations be extended to those who did not tender or whose bids were rejected as unresponsive or on unworkable rates. <br> 'they should be held only with the lowest acceptable bidder (L1), who is techno-commercially responsive.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 382,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, negotiations for reduction of prices shall in no case, including where a cartel is suspected, be extended to a bidder who:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Is the lowest acceptable bidder\",\r\n      \"Had not tendered originally, or whose tender was rejected as unresponsive or on unworkable rates\",\r\n      \"Is registered with the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Offered a suo motu discount after opening\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.10-1.<\/b> In no case, including where a cartel or pool rates are suspected, should negotiations be extended to those who had either not tendered originally, or whose tender was rejected because of unresponsiveness, unsatisfactory credentials, inadequacy of capacity or unworkable rates. Negotiations remain confined to the lowest acceptable responsive bidder. <br> 'In no case...should negotiations be extended to those who had either not tendered originally or whose tender was rejected because of unresponsiveness of bid.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 383,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where negotiations are held with the lowest bidder and that bidder does not submit a revised bid, the bid to be considered is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The next lowest bidder's bid\",\r\n      \"The average of the bids received\",\r\n      \"The bidder's original bid\",\r\n      \"The estimated cost of the work\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.10 (revised offer).<\/b> The revised bids obtained in negotiation are read out to the tenderers or their representatives present; if the selected bidder prefers to send a revised bid instead of attending, that offer is considered; and in case a bidder does not submit a revised bid, its original bid shall be considered. <br> 'In case a bidder does not submit the revised bid, its original bid shall be considered.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 384,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the decision whether to invite fresh tenders or to negotiate, and with whom, is to be made by:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The tender accepting authority, based on the recommendations of the Tender Committee\",\r\n      \"The Bid Opening Committee\",\r\n      \"The Financial Adviser alone\",\r\n      \"The lowest bidder in consultation with the convenor\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.10-3.<\/b> The decision whether to invite fresh tenders or to negotiate, and with whom, is to be made by the tender accepting authority based on the recommendations of the Tender Committee, and convincing reasons must be recorded by the authority recommending negotiations. <br> 'The decision whether to invite fresh tenders or to negotiate and with whom, should be made by the tender accepting authority based on the recommendations of the TC.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 385,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the procuring entity may cancel the procurement process or reject all bids, before intimating acceptance, where:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The lowest bidder is not registered with the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"One bidder offers a lower price than the estimate\",\r\n      \"None of the tenders is substantially responsive to the requirements of the procurement documents\",\r\n      \"The number of bidders exceeds the number expected\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 173(xix), GFR 2017; Para 6.4.11-1.<\/b> The procuring entity may cancel the process or reject all bids at any time before intimating acceptance where, among other grounds, the scope has changed substantially or there is an un-rectifiable infirmity, none of the tenders is substantially responsive, none of the technical proposals meets the minimum qualifying score, effective competition is lacking, or the prices are substantially higher than the updated cost estimate or available budget. <br> 'when none of the tenders is substantially responsive to the requirements of the Procurement Documents.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 386,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a re-tender on account of unreasonably high bids yields offers even higher than the original tender, the practice of reconsidering the still-valid offers from the original tender is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Recommended, as it secures the lower original price\",\r\n      \"Not to be done\",\r\n      \"Permissible with the competent authority's approval\",\r\n      \"Permissible only for the L1 offer of the original tender\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.11-3.<\/b> Where offers received against a re-tender occasioned by unreasonably high bids are even higher than those in the original tender, it may be thought that if the original offers are still valid they may be reconsidered; the Manual states this is not to be done, so as to preserve the integrity of the re-tender process. <br> 'Hence, it may be opined by the procurers that in such scenarios, if the offers from the original tender are still valid, they may be reconsidered. This is not to be done.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 387,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, after the tender accepting authority approves the Tender Committee's recommendations, the next step is the issue of the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Comparative statement of quotations\",\r\n      \"Letter of Award, also called the Notification of Award\",\r\n      \"Technical evaluation report\",\r\n      \"Bid Securing Declaration\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.2.2-4.<\/b> After the acceptance of the recommendations by the tender accepting authority, the Letter of Award, also called the Notification of Award, can be issued to the successful bidder, whereupon the successful bidder is called on to furnish performance security and sign the contract. <br> 'After the acceptance of these recommendations by the tender accepting authority, the Letter (Notification) of Award (LoA) can be issued.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 388,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the details of the award of contract and the name of the successful bidder are to be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Kept confidential in every case\",\r\n      \"Mandatorily published on the Central Public Procurement Portal and the notice board, bulletin, website or portal of the Ministry or Department\",\r\n      \"Communicated only to the successful bidder\",\r\n      \"Published only where the contract exceeds Rs 200 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Rule 173(xviii), GFR 2017; Para 6.5.2-1.<\/b> The details of award of contract and the name of the successful bidder must mandatorily be published on the Central Public Procurement Portal and on the notice board, bulletin, website or electronic procurement portal of the concerned Ministry or Department, subject to a dispensation where publication is sensitive on commercial or security grounds. <br> 'The details of award of contract and name of the successful bidder should be mentioned mandatorily on the CPPP and in the notice board\/ bulletin\/ website of the concerned Ministry or Department.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 389,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a Central Public Sector Enterprise discloses at tender formulation that a component of the procurement is for commercial re-sale, the contract award details of such a case may be shared on the Central Public Procurement Portal:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"After six months of realisation of the procurement\",\r\n      \"After one year of award\",\r\n      \"Immediately on award\",\r\n      \"Only after completion of the work\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.5.2-2.<\/b> Because open declaration of prices and associates adversely affects a Central Public Sector Enterprise's ability to compete, such an enterprise discloses at tender formulation whether any component is for commercial re-sale; the contract award details of such a case may be shared on the Central Public Procurement Portal after six months of realisation of the procurement, protecting financial data for a reasonable time while meeting transparency requirements. <br> 'Contract award details of such case may be shared on CPPP etc., after six (06) months of realization of procurement.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 390,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the bid security of an unsuccessful bidder is to be returned, upon the successful bidder furnishing the signed agreement and performance security, within:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"15 days of notice of award\",\r\n      \"30 days of notice of award of contract\",\r\n      \"45 days of notice of award\",\r\n      \"60 days of notice of award\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.5.2-3.<\/b> Upon the successful bidder furnishing the signed agreement and performance security, each unsuccessful bidder is promptly notified and its bid security returned without interest within 30 days of notice of award of contract; the successful contractor's bid security is adjusted against the security deposit or returned per the tender terms. <br> 'their bid security be returned without interest within 30 (thirty) days of notice of award of contract.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 391,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, exemption from publishing the award of contract, where publication is sensitive from a commercial or security aspect, is to be sanctioned by:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Ministry of Home Affairs\",\r\n      \"The Tender Committee\",\r\n      \"The Secretary of the Department, with the concurrence of associated Finance\",\r\n      \"The Central Vigilance Commission\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.5.2-2.<\/b> Where publication of award information is sensitive from a commercial or security aspect, dispensation from publishing such results may be sought by obtaining sanction from the Secretary of the Department with the concurrence of associated Finance. <br> 'dispensation may be sought from publishing of such results by obtaining sanction from the Secretary of the Department with the concurrence of associated Finance.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 392,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in a Single Source Selection, the single source, after opening and evaluation of its financial proposal, may be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Awarded the contract only at its originally quoted rate\",\r\n      \"Required to compete against a nominated second source\",\r\n      \"Rejected if its price exceeds the estimate by any margin\",\r\n      \"Called for further negotiation, if need be\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.4.<\/b> In a Single Source Selection, the single source may be called for further negotiation, if need be, after opening and evaluation of its financial proposal, negotiation being one of the recognised exceptional grounds and single-source procurement being a nomination-mode situation. <br> 'The Single Source in case of SSS selection may be called for further negotiation, if need be, after opening and evaluation of its financial proposals.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 393,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where the requirements are urgent and re-tendering the entire requirement due to unreasonable rates would jeopardise essential operations, maintenance and safety, negotiations with the lowest bidder may be held for:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The entire requirement\",\r\n      \"The bare minimum quantum of requirements, the balance being procured through a re-tender\",\r\n      \"Half the requirement, the balance being abandoned\",\r\n      \"The requirement of the next financial year as well\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.4.10-2.<\/b> Where requirements are urgent and delay in re-tendering the entire requirement due to unreasonable rates would jeopardise essential operations, maintenance and safety, negotiations with the L1 bidder may be held for the bare minimum quantum of requirements; the balance bulk requirement should be procured through a re-tender following the normal process. <br> 'negotiations with L1 bidder(s) may be done for bare minimum quantum of requirements. The balance bulk requirement should, however, be procured through a re-tender.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 394,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding evaluation methods:\\n1. Under Least Cost Selection, the least cost proposal is ranked L-1 and considered for award.\\n2. Under Quality and Cost Based Selection, the highest combined scorer is ranked H-1 and recommended for award.\\n3. In a Global Tender Enquiry, all offers are converted to Indian Rupees at the rate prevailing on the date of award.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 6.4.3, 6.4.5-2(g) and 6.4.6(a).<\/b> Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is wrong \u2014 offers are converted to Indian Rupees at the bill currency selling exchange rate on the bid submission deadline, not the date of award. <br> 'All offers are to be converted to Indian Rupees based on the \\\"Bill currency selling\\\" exchange rate on the bid submission deadline.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 395,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding negotiations and abnormally low bids:\\n1. Negotiations are held only with the lowest acceptable bidder.\\n2. A rejected abnormally low bid's rate is counter-offered to the next higher bidder.\\n3. It is not advisable to fix a normative percentage below the estimate that would automatically be treated as abnormally low.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 6.4.10-1, 6.4.8-1 and 6.4.8-1.<\/b> Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 2 is wrong \u2014 the next higher bidder is evaluated at his own quoted rate, and not by counter-offering the rate of the abnormally low bid. <br> 'evaluate the next higher bidder (and so on), at his\/ their own quoted rate (and not by counteroffering the rate of ALB).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 396,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 6: EVALUATION OF BIDS AND AWARD OF WORK',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, unsolicited offers received against a limited tender enquiry are ordinarily to be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Considered along with the invited bids\",\r\n      \"Referred to the competent authority for acceptance in every case\",\r\n      \"Rejected and the firms debarred\",\r\n      \"Ignored, though interested firms may be enabled to enlist and bid in the next round\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 6.2.7-4.<\/b> Unsolicited offers against limited tender enquiries should ordinarily be ignored, though Ministries and Departments should evolve a system by which interested firms can enlist and bid in the next round; only under exceptional circumstances such as inadequate competition, non-availability of suitable quotations from registered contractors, or urgent demand with the firm's known capability, may they be considered for acceptance at the next higher level of competency. <br> 'Unsolicited offers against LTEs should be ignored; however, Ministries\/ Departments should evolve a system by which interested firms can enlist and bid in next round of tendering.'\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  \/\/ Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS   (ids 397-465)\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  {\r\n    id: 397,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the principle that the time and resources applied to manage a contract should be proportional to its size, scope, complexity, duration, risk and strategic importance is termed the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Principle of Financial Propriety\",\r\n      \"Principle of Value for Money\",\r\n      \"Principle of Fair and Equitable Treatment\",\r\n      \"Principle of Proportionality for Contract Management\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.2.2-1.<\/b> The Principle of Proportionality for Contract Management holds that management effort should match the contract's size, scope, complexity, duration, risk and strategic importance \u2014 one size does not fit all; too many checks on a low-value contract delay decisions, while too little control breeds crisis management. <br> 'Principle of Proportionality for Contract Management: The time and resources applied to manage a Contract should be proportional to its size, scope, complexity, duration, risk, and strategic importance.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 398,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the nodal person appointed for the management of each specific contract is generically referred to as the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Competent Financial Authority\",\r\n      \"Tender Accepting Authority\",\r\n      \"Member Secretary of the Works Committee\",\r\n      \"Contract Manager\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.2.2-3.<\/b> Best practice requires a nodal person for management of each specific contract, called variously Engineer, Project Manager, Contract Manager, Employer's representative and so on; the Manual generically refers to him as the Contract Manager. For small routine contracts he may be a single person; for large complex contracts, normally a team. <br> 'This manual generically refers to him as 'Contract Manager'.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 399,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the progress of a work is to be monitored on a quarterly or monthly basis by the Works Committee, and a status report submitted to the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Financial Adviser of the Department\",\r\n      \"Central Public Works Department\",\r\n      \"Secretary in charge of the concerned Ministry or Department\",\r\n      \"Comptroller and Auditor General\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.2.2-3.<\/b> A system of project monitoring for each work is prepared before start and kept at site, with deadlines or contractual milestones tabulated; the work is monitored quarterly or monthly by the Works Committee, and a status report is submitted to the Secretary in charge of the concerned Ministry or Department. <br> 'The work shall be monitored quarterly\/ monthly basis by the Works Committee, and a status report should be submitted to the Secretary in charge of the concerned Ministry\/ Department.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 400,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a Quality Assurance Cell to control the quality of work is to be formed:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"In every work centre, comprising multi-disciplinary professionals or engineers\",\r\n      \"Only for works exceeding Rs 100 crore\",\r\n      \"At the headquarters of the procuring entity only\",\r\n      \"By the Central Public Works Department on requisition\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.3.1-5.<\/b> To control quality, a Quality Assurance Cell is formed in every work centre comprising multi-disciplinary professionals or engineers covering civil, mechanical, electrical and other works; where qualified in-house professionals are unavailable, the competent authority's approval is needed to deploy outside agencies, and a third-party quality check may be considered for works beyond a specified amount. <br> 'a Quality Assurance Cell shall be formed in every work centre comprising of multi-disciplinary professionals\/ engineers.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 401,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where qualified professionals for the Quality Assurance Cell are not available in-house, deploying professionals from outside agencies requires:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"No approval, being an administrative matter\",\r\n      \"The approval of the competent authority\",\r\n      \"The concurrence of the Financial Adviser only\",\r\n      \"A fresh tender for quality assurance services\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.3.1-5.<\/b> In case of non-availability of qualified professionals or engineers in-house for the Quality Assurance Cell, the approval of the competent authority has to be taken for deploying professionals from outside agencies; provision for a third-party quality check may also be considered for a work beyond a specified amount. <br> 'then the approval of competent authority shall have to be taken for deploying professionals from outside agencies.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 402,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the recording of measurements of an item of work in the Measurement Book:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Does not relieve the contractor of liability for over-measurement or defects noticed till completion of the Defect Liability Period\",\r\n      \"Bars any recovery for defects after the running bill is paid\",\r\n      \"Amounts to final acceptance of that item\",\r\n      \"Relieves the contractor of all further liability for that item\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.3.1-4(c).<\/b> Recording of measurements of any item in the Measurement Book shall not relieve the contractor from liabilities for any over-measurement or defects noticed till completion of the Defect Liability Period; measurements are taken jointly by the designated official and the contractor, and organisations are to implement Electronic Measurement Books integrated with the project monitoring system. <br> 'Recording of measurements of any item of work in the measurement book shall not relieve the Contractor from liabilities from any over measurement or defects noticed till completion of the defects liability period.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 403,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following is NOT among the circumstances on account of which a variation may arise in a works contract?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Increase or decrease in the quantity of any work included in the Bill of Quantities\",\r\n      \"Change in the character, quality or kind of any such work\",\r\n      \"Omission of work that is to be carried out by the procuring entity through another contractor\",\r\n      \"Additional work of any kind necessary for the completion of the works\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.3.2-2.<\/b> A variation may arise from increase or decrease in quantity, omission of work, change in character or quality, change in levels, lines, position and dimensions, additional work necessary for completion, or change of the specified sequence or timing; but omission of work that is to be carried out by the procuring entity through another contractor is expressly excluded from being a variation. <br> 'omission of any such work (but not if the omitted work is to be carried out by the procuring entity by another contractor).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 404,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, delays in performance under Force Majeure conditions are condonable without any right to termination or damages, provided notice of the event is given by the affected party within:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"30 days from the date of occurrence\",\r\n      \"15 days from the date of occurrence\",\r\n      \"45 days from the date of occurrence\",\r\n      \"60 days from the date of occurrence\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.4.<\/b> Force Majeure covers conditions beyond control such as war, civil commotion, fire, epidemics, strikes and acts of God; delays under its influence are condonable without right to termination or damages, provided notice of the happening is given by the affected party to the other within 30 days from the date of occurrence, work being resumed as soon as practicable after the event ends. <br> 'provided, notice of the happening of any such event is given by the affected party to the other within 30 (thirty) days from the date of occurrence.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 405,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a Force Majeure event continues for a period exceeding a specified duration, either party may at its option terminate the contract; that duration is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"60 days\",\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"120 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.4.<\/b> Works are to be resumed as soon as practicable after the Force Majeure event ceases; however, if such event continues for a period exceeding 120 days, either party may at its option terminate the contract by giving notice to the other party. <br> 'if such event continue for a period exceeding 120 days, either party may at its option terminate the contract by giving notice to the other party.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 406,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a delay caused by abnormal weather or floods, being an act of God, is classified as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"An excusable delay under Force Majeure\",\r\n      \"A compensable delay or compensation event\",\r\n      \"An inexcusable delay\",\r\n      \"A concurrent delay\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.5-1.<\/b> Delays are categorised as excusable delays where Force Majeure \u2014 acts of God, abnormal weather, floods and so on \u2014 applies; compensable delays or compensation events, which put full burden on the procuring entity; inexcusable delays, being the contractor's own faults; and concurrent delays, where two or more events overlap. <br> 'Excusable delays - Force Majeure (FM), that is, acts of God, abnormal weather, floods, and so on, applies.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 407,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, inexcusable delays beyond one-fourth of the completion period may be treated as inordinate delays; in a 12-month contract, this corresponds to a delay beyond:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"6 months\",\r\n      \"2 months\",\r\n      \"1 month\",\r\n      \"3 months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.5-3.<\/b> Inexcusable delays beyond one-fourth of the completion period \u2014 beyond 3 months in a 12-month contract \u2014 may be treated as inordinate delays and a confirmed record of poor performance; a show cause notice precedes the final letter of poor performance, which may count against the contractor in future qualification assessment. <br> 'Inexcusable delays beyond one-fourth of the completion period (beyond 3 months in a 12-month Contract) may be treated as inordinate delays.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 408,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where the procuring entity decides to allow performance of a contract after inordinate delays, the maximum limit on liquidated damages is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Five per cent of the total contract value\",\r\n      \"Ten per cent of the total contract value\",\r\n      \"Seven and a half per cent of the total contract value\",\r\n      \"Twenty per cent of the total contract value\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.5-3 and 7.4.7-3.<\/b> The normal maximum on liquidated damages is five per cent of the contract value; but in case of inordinate delays, where the procuring entity nonetheless allows performance, the maximum limit on liquidated damages shall be ten per cent, instead of five per cent, of the total contract value. <br> 'maximum limit on LD shall be 10% (instead of 5%) of the total contract value.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 409,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the rate of liquidated damages for delay in a repair work costing up to Rs 20 lakh is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Half per cent of the contract value per week of delay\",\r\n      \"One per cent of the contract value per week of delay\",\r\n      \"Half per cent of the contract value per month of delay\",\r\n      \"One per cent of the contract value per month of delay\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.7-3.<\/b> On delay, liquidated damages are levied at one per cent of the contract value per week for repair works costing up to Rs 20 lakh, and at half per cent of the contract value per week for all other works, subject in each case to a maximum of five per cent of the contract value (ten per cent in case of inordinate delays). <br> 'for repair works costing up to Rs. Twenty lakh - one percent (1%) of the contract value...per week.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 410,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the rate of liquidated damages for delay in a works contract other than a repair work costing up to Rs 20 lakh is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Half per cent of the contract value per week of delay\",\r\n      \"One per cent of the contract value per week of delay\",\r\n      \"One per cent of the contract value per month of delay\",\r\n      \"Two per cent of the contract value per week of delay\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.7-3.<\/b> For all works other than repair works costing up to Rs 20 lakh, liquidated damages for delay are half per cent of the contract value \u2014 which includes variations, taxes and duties \u2014 per week of delay, subject to a maximum of five per cent of the contract value. For the purpose of Goods and Services Tax, liquidated damages are shown as a deduction on the invoice value. <br> 'for all other works half percent (0.5%) of the contract value per week of delay subject to a maximum of five percent (5%).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 411,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, an incentive or bonus for early completion may be built into the contract, illustratively at:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"One per cent of the contract value per month, subject to a maximum of five per cent\",\r\n      \"Half per cent of the contract value per week, subject to a maximum of ten per cent\",\r\n      \"Two per cent of the contract value per month, subject to a maximum of ten per cent\",\r\n      \"Five per cent of the contract value as a one-time bonus\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.7-2.<\/b> Incentives or bonus for early completion \u2014 illustratively one per cent of the contract value per month, subject to a maximum of five per cent of the contract value \u2014 and penalties for delay should be built into the contract judiciously and disclosed in the tender in clear monetary terms; to avail the incentive, the contractor must report the actual date of completion, which is reported to the competent authority within seven days. <br> 'Incentives\/ Bonus (e.g. one percent of the contract value per month subject to a maximum of five percent of contract value) for early completion.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 412,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a delay is not attributable to the contractor, the completion period is re-fixed:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"With liquidated damages but without the denial clause\",\r\n      \"Without liquidated damages and without the denial clause\",\r\n      \"With both liquidated damages and the denial clause\",\r\n      \"Without liquidated damages but with the denial clause\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.6-3 and 7.4.6-4.<\/b> Where the delay is not attributable to the contractor, or in Force Majeure, the completion period is re-fixed with the competent authority's approval, without liquidated damages and without the denial clause, by recasting the original period to account for the lost period. Where the delay is attributable to the contractor, the schedule is extended with liquidated damages and with the denial clause. <br> 'without LD and without the denial clause (as defined in Para 7.4.8 below), for completion of the contractor's contractual obligations.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 413,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a delay is attributable to the contractor, the completion schedule is extended:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Without liquidated damages but with the denial clause\",\r\n      \"Without liquidated damages and without the denial clause\",\r\n      \"With liquidated damages but without the denial clause\",\r\n      \"With liquidated damages and with the denial clause\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.6-4.<\/b> Where the delay is attributable, fully or partly, to the contractor, the completion schedule may be extended with liquidated damages and with the denial clause, for completion of the contractor's contractual obligations. This contrasts with re-fixation for delays not attributable to the contractor, which is without either. <br> 'the completion schedule may be extended, with LD and with the denial clause...for completion of the contractor's contractual obligations.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 414,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the power to extend the time for performance, exercisable even after the stipulated time has passed provided both parties consent, is traceable to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 124 of the Indian Contract Act, on contracts of indemnity\",\r\n      \"Section 56 of the Indian Contract Act, on agreements to do impossible acts\",\r\n      \"Section 63 of the Indian Contract Act, on promisee dispensing with or extending time\",\r\n      \"Section 17 of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.6-5.<\/b> The power to extend time for performance under Section 63 of the Indian Contract Act is not limited to extensions granted before the original deadline; it can be exercised even after the stipulated time has passed, provided both parties consent, since the contract does not automatically terminate on expiry of the initial date where there is a shared intention to continue. <br> 'The power to extend the time for performance under Section 63 of the Indian Contract Act is not inherently limited to extensions granted before the original deadline.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 415,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, an extension or re-fixation of the delivery date is ordinarily not to be granted suo motu:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Unless the contractor specifically asks for it\",\r\n      \"Unless the competent authority so directs\",\r\n      \"Unless the Financial Adviser concurs\",\r\n      \"Unless the procuring entity considers it expedient\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.6-6.<\/b> Extension or re-fixation of the delivery date amounts to amendment of the contract and can be done only with the consent of both parties; no extension is to be granted suo motu unless the contractor specifically asks for it. Where, exceptionally, a suo motu extension is granted in the interest of administration, it is legally necessary to obtain the contractor's clear acceptance of the extension letter. <br> 'No extension\/ refixation of the delivery date is to be granted suo motu unless the contractor specifically asks for it.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 416,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the denial clause, stipulated where delay is attributable to the contractor, provides that during the extended delivery period:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The contractor is entitled to the benefit of upward price revisions\",\r\n      \"Any increase in statutory duties is borne by the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Any increase in statutory duties, upward price rise under the price variation clause or adverse foreign exchange fluctuation is borne by the contractor\",\r\n      \"No liquidated damages may be levied in addition\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.8.<\/b> Under the denial clause, over and above levy of liquidated damages, any increase in statutory duties, upward rise in prices under the price variation clause, or adverse foreign exchange fluctuation is borne by the contractor during the extended delivery period, while the purchaser reserves the right to any benefit of downward revisions; thus for delays attributable to the contractor, these clauses operate only during the original delivery period. <br> 'any increase in statutory duties and\/ or upward rise in prices due to the PVC clause and\/ or any adverse fluctuation in foreign exchange are to be borne by the contractor during the extended delivery period.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 417,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a notice-cum-extension letter issued where the work is delayed by the contractor's fault but no extension has been requested, and cancellation is not intended, is known as a:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Show cause notice\",\r\n      \"Performance notice\",\r\n      \"Notice of frustration event\",\r\n      \"Notice for determining the contract\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.9.<\/b> Where work is not completed within the stipulated period due to the contractor's negligence or fault, the contractor has not requested extension, and the purchaser does not wish to cancel, a performance notice, also known as a notice-cum-extension letter, is issued by suitably extending time and imposing liquidated damages with denial clauses. <br> 'a performance notice (also known as notice-cum-extension letter) may be issued to the contractor.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 418,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a compensation event occurs, the contractor must give an early warning to the contracting entity, failing which:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The contract is liable to be terminated\",\r\n      \"No compensation would be granted\",\r\n      \"Liquidated damages are automatically doubled\",\r\n      \"The extension of time is granted only for half the period\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.10-2.<\/b> Compensation events cause delay and financial loss to the contractor due to defaults of the contracting entity; if such an event occurs, the contractor must give an early warning, failing which no compensation would be granted. If the contractor proves the event would delay completion, the Contract Manager assesses the extension without liquidated damages, and proposals for extension of time are approved by the competent authority. <br> 'the Contractor must give an 'early warning' to the Contracting Entity, failing which no compensation would be granted.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 419,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, on receipt of a proposal from the Contract Manager, the contracting entity may finalise the grant of extension of time in respect of a compensation event within a maximum period of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"One month\",\r\n      \"Two months\",\r\n      \"Three months\",\r\n      \"Six months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.10-2.<\/b> The contracting entity may finalise the grant of extension of time within a maximum period of two months on receipt of the proposal from the Contract Manager; meanwhile, payment against actual work done may continue without recovery of liquidated damages, but if the extension proposal is finally rejected, liquidated damages must be recovered. <br> 'The Contracting Entity may finalise the grant of EOT within a maximum period of two months on receipt of such a proposal from the Contract Manager.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 420,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where the procuring entity does not explicitly reserve its rights and remedies for delays in execution, the legal consequence described is that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Time is said to become at large and the contractor is freed from the obligation to complete within the specified time\",\r\n      \"Liquidated damages accrue at double the stipulated rate\",\r\n      \"The contract stands automatically terminated on the due date\",\r\n      \"The contractor forfeits its claim to any extension of time\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.11.<\/b> Where the procuring entity does not explicitly express and reserve its rights and remedies for delays, it legally forfeits its right to such remedies; time is said to become at large and the contractor is freed from the obligation to complete within the specified time. To avoid this, before expiry of the original completion date the procuring entity should extend the currency of the agreement and make the extended time the essence of the contract, without prejudice to its remedies. <br> 'Time is said to become at large and the contractor gets freed from his obligation to complete within the specified time.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 421,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, to avail the incentive clause for early completion, the contractor must report the actual date of completion so that the report is received by the competent authority within:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Three days of such completion\",\r\n      \"Thirty days of such completion\",\r\n      \"Seven days of such completion\",\r\n      \"Fifteen days of such completion\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.7-2.<\/b> To avail the incentive clause, it is mandatory for the contractor to report the actual date of completion to the Contract Manager, who reports the actual date of completion as soon as possible through fax or email so that the report is received within seven days of such completion by the concerned competent authority. <br> 'the report is received within seven days of such completion by the concerned CA.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 422,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a graded authority structure may be put in place whereby extension of time for completion, beyond a specified threshold value of contract, is granted by the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Financial Adviser\",\r\n      \"Same competent authority as for the original contract\",\r\n      \"Tender Committee\",\r\n      \"Next higher authority\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.6-9.<\/b> Organisations may put in place a graded authority structure whereby extension of time for completion of contract, beyond a specified threshold value of contract, may be granted by the next higher authority, ensuring proportionate scrutiny of larger extensions. <br> 'extension of time for completion of contract, beyond a specified threshold value of contract, may be granted by the next higher authority.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 423,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following is NOT one of the categories into which delays in execution are classified?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Excusable delays\",\r\n      \"Consequential delays\",\r\n      \"Inexcusable delays\",\r\n      \"Compensable delays\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.5-1.<\/b> Delays are categorised as excusable delays (Force Majeure), compensable delays or compensation events (procuring entity's burden), inexcusable delays (contractor's own faults), and concurrent delays (two or more overlapping events). 'Consequential delays' is not a recognised category. <br> 'Concurrent delays - when two or more events responsible for delay overlap each other.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 424,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the eligibility for extension of time where two or more delay events overlap is determined by:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Granting the longest single delay period claimed\",\r\n      \"Referring the matter to arbitration\",\r\n      \"Plotting each contributing concurrent delay on the critical path\",\r\n      \"Apportioning the delay equally between the parties\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.5-1(d).<\/b> In concurrent delays, where two or more events overlap and may be attributable to the procuring entity, the contractor or none, the eligibility for extension of time is determined by plotting each contributing concurrent delay on the critical path, and the procuring entity should ensure that concurrent delays do not result in unnecessary extra extension of time. <br> 'The eligibility for extension of time (EOT) should be determined by plotting each contributing concurrent delay on the critical path.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 425,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, liquidated damages accrue:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"On the mere grant of an extension of the delivery period\",\r\n      \"On issue of the taking-over certificate\",\r\n      \"Whenever the contract price is exceeded\",\r\n      \"Only in case of delayed work\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.4.7-5.<\/b> Liquidated damages accrue only in case of delayed work; where no work has been delivered under a contract, upon cancellation only the loss occasioned by breach of contract can be recovered, notwithstanding that prior extensions of the delivery period with reservation of the right to liquidated damages had been granted. <br> 'LDs accrue only in case of delayed work.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 426,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding time monitoring:\\n1. A Force Majeure event must be notified by the affected party within 30 days of occurrence.\\n2. If a Force Majeure event exceeds 120 days, either party may terminate the contract.\\n3. Delays not attributable to the contractor lead to re-fixation of time with liquidated damages.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 7.4.4, 7.4.4 and 7.4.6-3.<\/b> Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is wrong \u2014 delays not attributable to the contractor lead to re-fixation of time without liquidated damages and without the denial clause. <br> 'without LD and without the denial clause...for completion of the contractor's contractual obligations.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 427,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding liquidated damages:\\n1. For repair works up to Rs 20 lakh, liquidated damages are one per cent of contract value per week.\\n2. The normal maximum on liquidated damages is five per cent of contract value.\\n3. In case of inordinate delays, the maximum limit on liquidated damages is fifteen per cent.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 7.4.7-3 and 7.4.5-3.<\/b> Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is wrong \u2014 in case of inordinate delays the maximum limit on liquidated damages is ten per cent, not fifteen per cent, of the total contract value. <br> 'maximum limit on LD shall be 10% (instead of 5%) of the total contract value.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 428,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in the case of Engineering, Procurement and Construction contracts, approval of the designs is to be taken from:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Financial Adviser\",\r\n      \"The Central Public Works Department\",\r\n      \"The Tender Committee\",\r\n      \"The appropriate authority as defined in the tender document, to ensure performance levels are met\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.3.1-3.<\/b> In Engineering, Procurement and Construction contracts, approval of the designs should be taken from the appropriate authority, as defined in the tender document, to ensure that the performance levels are met by the design, reflecting the output-specification basis of such contracts. <br> 'approval of the designs should be taken from the appropriate authority, as defined in the tender document, to ensure that the performance levels are met by the design.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 429,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a provision for a third-party quality check may be considered for:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Repair works only\",\r\n      \"Every works contract without exception\",\r\n      \"A work beyond a specified amount\",\r\n      \"Works executed departmentally only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.3.1-5.<\/b> Besides forming a Quality Assurance Cell in every work centre, the provision for a third-party quality check may also be considered for a work beyond a specified amount, adding an independent layer of quality control for higher-value works. <br> 'The provision for third party quality check may also be considered for a work beyond a specified amount.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 430,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, measurements of all items having financial value are to be recorded in the Measurement Book, and such measurements and levels are to be taken:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"By the contractor alone, subject to later verification\",\r\n      \"By the designated official and the contractor jointly\",\r\n      \"By a third-party quality agency in every case\",\r\n      \"By the Works Committee at the time of the running bill\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.3.1-4(a).<\/b> Measurements of all items having financial value are recorded in Measurement Books or level field books so that a complete record is obtained, and measurements and levels are taken jointly by the official designated for the purpose and the contractor, the contractor providing all assistance without extra charge. <br> 'Measurements and levels shall be taken jointly by the official designated for the purpose and the contractor.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 431,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in exercising financial control the contract manager is to update cash flow projections, cost estimates and milestones and submit them to the procuring entity on a:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Monthly basis\",\r\n      \"Half-yearly basis\",\r\n      \"Yearly basis\",\r\n      \"Quarterly basis\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.5.1.<\/b> Besides administering quality and completion, the contract manager regularly assesses the financial position and exercises financial control, updating on a quarterly basis the cash flow projections, cost estimates and yearly or quarterly milestones and submitting them to the procuring entity; where variation orders are numerous or cost escalation rapid, updation may be done more frequently. <br> 'He will update, on a quarterly basis, cash flow projections, cost estimates and yearly\/ quarterly milestones, and submit them to the Procuring Entity.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 432,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, once an advance payment has been provided to a contractor, a request for any additional advance:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Is considered on the contractor's furnishing a fresh bank guarantee\",\r\n      \"Is not considered until the contractor liquidates the previous advance\",\r\n      \"Is considered up to half the value of the previous advance\",\r\n      \"Is considered only at the final billing stage\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.5.2-1.<\/b> The advance payment is set off by the procuring entity in equal instalments against monthly billing statements until fully set off; once an advance has been provided, requests for any additional advance are not considered until the contractor liquidates the previous advance, whereupon the advance payment security is released. <br> 'requests for any additional advance are not considered until the contractor liquidates the previous advance.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 433,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, an online system for monitoring bills submitted by contractors is mandatory for all project executing authorities implementing works contracts involving aggregate payments of more than:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs 100 crore per annum\",\r\n      \"Rs 200 crore per annum\",\r\n      \"Rs 50 crore per annum\",\r\n      \"Rs 500 crore per annum\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.5.2 (final bill).<\/b> All project executing authorities implementing works contracts involving aggregate payments of more than Rs 100 crore per annum shall have an online system for monitoring bills submitted by contractors, with a facility for contractors to track bill status, all bills being entered with date of submission and payment; the system is to be put in place within one year, and deviation from this mandatory instruction requires relaxation from the Ministry of Finance or the Board of Directors. <br> 'All project executing authorities implementing works contracts involving aggregate payments of more than Rs.100 crore per annum shall have an online system for monitoring of the bills.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 434,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a price variation clause applies, the price is subject to adjustment on a quarterly basis:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Throughout the currency of the contract, including any extended period\",\r\n      \"Only after the original Completion Period\",\r\n      \"Only during the original Completion Period\",\r\n      \"Only in the final quarter before completion\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.5.3-1.<\/b> Where the contract provides for a price variation clause or variation on any other account, the price is subject to adjustment on a quarterly basis only during the original Completion Period; with payment of such variations, no additional individual claim is admissible on account of fluctuations in market rates, taxes or other levies. <br> 'the price shall be subject to adjustment on a quarterly basis, as per such clauses, only during the original Completion Period.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 435,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, calculations for all variations under a price variation clause are to be based on:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The gross price inclusive of taxes and duties\",\r\n      \"The basic price without taxes and duties\",\r\n      \"The last purchase price of similar works\",\r\n      \"The estimated cost sanctioned for the work\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.5.3-3.<\/b> Calculations for all variations should be based on the basic price without taxes and duties; the percentage and element of duties and taxes included in the price, and the selling rate of any foreign exchange element, should be stated specifically, and taxes and duties chargeable ad valorem are charged at the net price after variations. <br> 'Calculations for all variations should be based on the basic price without taxes and duties.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 436,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the arbitration of disputes in Government contracts is governed by the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Indian Contract Act, 1872\",\r\n      \"Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006\",\r\n      \"Specific Relief Act, 1963\",\r\n      \"Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.7.5-1.<\/b> Where amicable settlement is not forthcoming and an arbitration clause is included in the contract, recourse to arbitration is taken as per the Indian Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, amended in 2015 and 2021; a standard arbitration clause indicating the procedure is included in the tender document, on the basis of which the Act becomes applicable. <br> 'recourse may be taken to the settlement of disputes through arbitration as per the Indian Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 [Amended 2015 and 2021].'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 437,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the arbitration agreement continues to survive termination, completion or closure of the contract for a period of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Two years\",\r\n      \"Three years\",\r\n      \"One year\",\r\n      \"Five years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.7.5-2.<\/b> The arbitration agreement continues to survive termination, completion or closure of the contract for 3 years thereafter; unless otherwise stipulated in the contract, the venue of arbitration should be the place from where the contract has been issued. <br> 'This Agreement shall continue to survive termination, completion, or closure of the Contract for 3 years after that.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 438,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, unless otherwise stipulated in the contract, the venue of arbitration should be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The place from where the contract has been issued\",\r\n      \"New Delhi in every case\",\r\n      \"The place where the work is executed\",\r\n      \"The registered office of the contractor\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.7.5-2.<\/b> Unless otherwise stipulated in the contract, the venue of arbitration should be the place from where the contract has been issued, providing a default rule tied to the contracting office rather than the site of work or the contractor's location. <br> 'the venue of arbitration should be the place from where the contract has been issued.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 439,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, as a norm under the Department of Expenditure guidelines, arbitration, if included in contracts, may be restricted to disputes with a value less than:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs 10 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs 50 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs 25 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs 5 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.7.5-4(b).<\/b> Under the Department of Expenditure guidelines, arbitration should not be routinely included in procurement contracts, especially large ones; as a norm, arbitration, if included, may be restricted to disputes with a value less than Rs 10 crore, this figure being the value of the dispute inclusive of claims and counterclaims, not the value of the contract, which may be much higher. <br> 'arbitration (if included in contracts) may be restricted to disputes with a value less than Rs. 10 crores.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 440,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the Rs 10 crore norm restricting arbitration relates to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The value of the performance security\",\r\n      \"The value of the contract\",\r\n      \"The value of the dispute, inclusive of both claims and counterclaims\",\r\n      \"The aggregate annual payments under the contract\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.7.5-4(b).<\/b> The Rs 10 crore figure is regarding the value of the dispute, inclusive of both claims and counterclaims, and not the value of the contract, which may be much higher; the bid conditions should specifically state that arbitration will not be a method of dispute resolution in cases beyond this. <br> 'This figure is regarding the value of the dispute (inclusive of both claims and counterclaims) not the value of the contract, which may be much higher.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 441,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a Micro or Small Enterprise is a party to a dispute regarding an amount due, the dispute may be referred to the Micro and Small Enterprises Facilitation Council under the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"MSMED Act, 2006\",\r\n      \"Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996\",\r\n      \"Indian Contract Act, 1872\",\r\n      \"Companies Act, 2013\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.7.5-3.<\/b> The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006 provides that a dispute where one party is a Micro or Small Enterprise, regarding any amount due under Section 17 of that Act, may be referred to the Micro and Small Enterprises Facilitation Council; if such an enterprise refers to the provisions of the MSMED Act, those provisions shall prevail over the arbitration agreement. <br> 'to be referred to Micro and Small Enterprises Facilitation Council if the dispute is regarding any amount due under Section 17 of the MSMED Act, 2006.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 442,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the position of the Department of Expenditure guidelines on arbitration in large contracts is that arbitration:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Should not be routinely or automatically included in procurement contracts or tenders\",\r\n      \"Should be the default method of dispute resolution\",\r\n      \"Is prohibited altogether in Government contracts\",\r\n      \"Must be referred to a three-member tribunal in every case\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.7.5-4(a).<\/b> The Department of Expenditure guidelines state that arbitration as a method of dispute resolution should not be routinely or automatically included in procurement contracts or tenders, especially in large contracts; and as a norm, where included, it may be restricted to disputes valued at less than Rs 10 crore. <br> 'Arbitration as a method of dispute resolution should not be routinely or automatically included in procurement contracts\/ tenders, especially in large contracts.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 443,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the doctrine of frustration of contract, invoked on a supervening cause making performance impossible, is referable to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Section 73 of the Indian Contract Act, on compensation for breach\",\r\n      \"Section 63 of the Indian Contract Act, on dispensing with or extending time\",\r\n      \"Section 124 of the Indian Contract Act, on contracts of indemnity\",\r\n      \"Section 56 of the Indian Contract Act, on agreements to do impossible acts\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.8.5.<\/b> Upon a supervening cause after the effective date, including a change in law beyond the control of either party, whether under Force Majeure or within the scope of Section 56 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, that makes performance impossible within a reasonable timeframe, the affected party gives a Notice of Frustration Event, and the parties use reasonable efforts to amend the contract. <br> 'within the scope of section 56 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, that makes it impossible to perform the contract within a reasonable timeframe.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 444,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, upon a Notice of Frustration Event, if the parties cannot reach a mutual agreement to amend the contract, the procuring entity issues a Notice for Determining the contract after a period from the initial notice of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"60 days\",\r\n      \"45 days\",\r\n      \"30 days\",\r\n      \"90 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.8.5.<\/b> On a Notice of Frustration Event, the parties use reasonable efforts to agree to amend the contract to complete performance; however, if they cannot reach a mutual agreement within 60 days of the initial notice, the procuring entity issues a Notice for Determining the contract and terminates it due to frustration, without repercussions on either side. <br> 'if the parties cannot reach a mutual agreement within 60 days of the initial notice, the Procuring Entity shall issue a 'Notice for Determining the contract'.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 445,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, except in cases of criminal negligence or wilful misconduct, the aggregate liability of the contractor to the procuring entity shall not exceed:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Half the total contract price\",\r\n      \"The value of the performance security\",\r\n      \"Twice the total contract price\",\r\n      \"The total contract price\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.8.6-1.<\/b> Except in cases of criminal negligence or wilful misconduct, the aggregate liability of the contractor, whether under the contract, in tort or otherwise, shall not exceed the total contract price; this limitation does not apply to costs related to defect liabilities or to any obligation to indemnify the procuring entity for legal or statutory infringement. <br> 'the aggregate liability of the contractor to the Procuring Entity...shall not exceed the total Contract Price.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 446,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the exclusion of liability for indirect or consequential loss between the parties shall not apply to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Loss of profit suffered by the contractor\",\r\n      \"Interest costs incurred by either party\",\r\n      \"Loss of production suffered by the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Any obligation of the contractor to pay liquidated damages to the procuring entity\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.8.6-2.<\/b> Neither party is liable to the other for indirect or consequential loss, loss of use, production, profits or interest costs; provided that this exclusion shall not apply to any obligation of the contractor to pay liquidated damages to the procuring entity, which therefore remain recoverable. <br> 'provided that this exclusion shall not apply to any obligation of the Contractor to pay liquidated damages to the Procuring entity.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 447,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a contract is completed otherwise than by the defaulting contractor by taking over the site, the general rule regarding the cost of doing so is that the work is completed:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"At the risk and cost of the defaulting contractor\",\r\n      \"At the procuring entity's own cost\",\r\n      \"At the shared cost of both parties\",\r\n      \"Free of any cost recovery in every case\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.8.1-2(f).<\/b> Among the remedies for breach, the procuring entity may take over the site to complete the works himself or with another contractor at the risk and cost of the defaulter, and use the contractor's materials, equipment and temporary works; in small-value contracts, instead of risk and cost, a prefixed percentage recovery may be provided in the contract. <br> 'take over the site to complete the works himself or with another contractor (at the risk and cost of defaulter).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 448,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in small-value contracts, in place of completing the balance work at the risk and cost of the defaulting contractor, the contract may provide for:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A fresh open tender without any recovery\",\r\n      \"Forfeiture of the entire contract price\",\r\n      \"A prefixed percentage recovery\",\r\n      \"Automatic debarment of the contractor\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.8.1-2(f).<\/b> In small-value contracts, instead of completing the balance work at the risk and cost of the defaulter, a prefixed percentage recovery may be provided in the contract, avoiding the administrative burden of computing actual risk-and-cost figures for minor works. <br> 'In small-value contracts, instead of risk and cost, a prefixed percentage recovery may be provided in the Contract.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 449,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where termination takes place because of a fundamental breach or insolvency on the part of the contractor, the contract manager issues a certificate for the value of work done after deducting, among other things:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The performance security amount, in every case\",\r\n      \"The estimated cost of the balance work at market rates\",\r\n      \"The advance payments, any recoveries, taxes as due, and a percentage applied to the work not completed\",\r\n      \"The full liquidated damages ceiling, irrespective of delay\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.8.1-3.<\/b> On termination for fundamental breach or insolvency, the contract manager issues a certificate for the value of work done, deducting advance payments, any recoveries, taxes as due, and the percentage to apply to the work not completed as indicated in the contract data; if the amount due to the procuring entity exceeds that due to the contractor, the difference is a debt payable to the procuring entity. <br> 'deducting from the amounts in respect of: (a) advance payments; (b) any recoveries; (c) taxes as due; and (d) percentage to apply to the work not completed.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 450,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following is NOT among the remedies available to the procuring entity on a breach of contract by the contractor?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Invoking the performance security\",\r\n      \"Rectification of defects by the contractor\",\r\n      \"Automatic debarment of the contractor for ten years\",\r\n      \"Levy of liquidated damages\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.8.1-2.<\/b> The remedies on breach include liquidated damages, rectification of defects, dispute resolution such as mediation or arbitration, completing the work otherwise at the defaulter's risk and cost, invoking the performance security, and partial or full termination. Automatic ten-year debarment is not among these remedies; debarment is a separate governance measure under distinct guidelines. <br> 'invoke the performance security provided by the contractor. This security...ensures that the procuring entity can recover costs associated with the breach.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 451,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in a partial termination of contract on account of default by the contractor, the contractor:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Is relieved of the entire contract\",\r\n      \"Forfeits all payments for work already done\",\r\n      \"Must re-tender for the terminated portion\",\r\n      \"Should continue to fulfil the contract to the extent not terminated\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.8.1-2(h).<\/b> The procuring entity may terminate a contract partially or fully on account of default by the contractor; in partial termination, the contractor should continue to fulfil the contract to the extent not terminated, the procuring entity dealing separately with the terminated portion of the balance works and incidental goods or services. <br> 'In partial termination, the Contractor should continue to fulfil the contract to the extent not terminated.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 452,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the request by a firm for substitution of key experts during implementation is to be dealt with strictly in terms of contract provisions, which permit such substitution only in exceptional circumstances such as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Better commercial opportunity elsewhere\",\r\n      \"Transfer within the firm\",\r\n      \"Death or medical incapacity\",\r\n      \"Completion of the expert's contractual tenure\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.9 (Risks and Mitigations).<\/b> Where a firm requests substitution of key staff citing non-availability or health, the procuring entity must deal with such requests strictly in terms of contract provisions, which permit substitution of key experts only in exceptional circumstances such as death or medical incapacity, guarding against dilution of the qualifications on which the award rested. <br> 'which permit substitution of key experts in exceptional circumstances such as \\\"death or medical incapacity\\\".'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 453,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a financial statement discloses that costs are likely to be exceeded, the course prescribed is that:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The excess is absorbed within the sanctioned estimate\",\r\n      \"The contract is terminated to avoid cost overrun\",\r\n      \"The excess is anticipated and a revised estimate of cost, with complete explanations, is prepared for approval by the competent authority\",\r\n      \"The variation is met by reducing the scope of work\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.5.1.<\/b> The financial statements bring out comparisons of the initial estimated or tendered cost with the actual cost, component and activity-wise, in both quantity and value; the procuring entity examines these critically, and if costs are likely to be exceeded, this is anticipated and a revised estimate of cost prepared, with complete explanations, for approval by the competent authority. <br> 'a revised estimate of cost prepared, with complete explanations, for approval by the CA.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 454,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, during mediation proceedings, in respect of the interest on the disputed amount:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Interest continues to accrue at the contractual rate\",\r\n      \"Interest accrues at twice the contractual rate as a deterrent\",\r\n      \"Interest is payable only by the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Interest is not claimable by either party from the date of notice invoking mediation until the date of termination of mediation proceedings\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.7.4.<\/b> If the parties cannot resolve the dispute through mediation, either party shall claim no interest from the date of the notice invoking mediation until the date of termination of the mediation proceedings; further, the parties shall not initiate arbitral or judicial proceedings during mediation in respect of a dispute that is its subject matter. <br> 'either party shall claim no interest from the date of notice invoking Mediation until the date of Termination of Mediation Proceedings.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 455,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, during the pendency of mediation proceedings, the parties:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"May initiate arbitration in parallel to expedite resolution\",\r\n      \"May not initiate any arbitral or judicial proceedings in respect of the dispute that is the subject matter of the mediation\",\r\n      \"May approach the civil court but not an arbitral tribunal\",\r\n      \"May initiate proceedings only with the mediator's leave\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.7.4.<\/b> The parties shall not initiate, during the mediation proceedings, any arbitral or judicial proceedings in respect of a dispute that is the subject matter of the mediation proceedings, preserving the integrity of the mediation as the operative forum while it is on foot. <br> 'The parties shall not initiate, during the mediation proceedings, any arbitral or judicial proceedings in respect of a dispute that is the subject matter of the mediation proceedings.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 456,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a Micro or Small Enterprise being a party to a dispute invokes the provisions of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006, those provisions:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Prevail over the arbitration agreement\",\r\n      \"Apply only if the dispute value is below Rs 10 crore\",\r\n      \"Yield to the arbitration agreement in the contract\",\r\n      \"Apply only with the consent of the procuring entity\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.7.5-3.<\/b> If a Micro or Small Enterprise, being a party to a dispute, refers to the provisions in the MSMED Act, 2006, these provisions shall prevail over the arbitration agreement, giving the statutory Facilitation Council mechanism primacy over the contractual arbitration clause. <br> 'these provisions shall prevail over this Agreement.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 457,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the final bill is to be paid to the contractor after completion of the work within:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Three months\",\r\n      \"Two months\",\r\n      \"One month\",\r\n      \"Six months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.5.2 (final bill).<\/b> The final bill should be paid to the contractor within three months after completion of work; project executing authorities are to have a system to monitor delays in payment and identify unwarranted delays, with an online bill-monitoring system mandatory where aggregate payments exceed Rs 100 crore per annum. <br> 'The final bill should also be paid to the contractor within three months after completion of work.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 458,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the online bill-monitoring system required for high-value works is to be put in place within:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Six months of issue of the instructions\",\r\n      \"The financial year in which the work is sanctioned\",\r\n      \"One year of issue of the instructions\",\r\n      \"Two years of issue of the instructions\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.5.2 (final bill).<\/b> The online system for monitoring bills, mandatory for works involving aggregate payments of more than Rs 100 crore per annum, is to be put in place within one year of issue of these instructions; the instruction is mandatory, and any deviation requires relaxation from the Ministry of Finance or the Board of Directors. <br> 'Such system shall be put in place within one year of issue of these instructions.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 459,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where inputs are provided by the procuring entity free or at a fixed rate, or advance or stage payments have been made, the value of such inputs and payments, for the purpose of price variation, is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Added to the value of work delivered in the relevant quarter\",\r\n      \"Adjusted only in the final bill\",\r\n      \"Ignored, price variation applying to the gross value\",\r\n      \"Excluded from the value of the work delivered in the relevant quarter\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.5.3-5.<\/b> If the contract provides for some inputs to be supplied by the procuring entity free or at a fixed rate, or advance or stage payments have already been made, the value of such inputs and advance or stage payments is excluded from the value of the work delivered in the relevant quarter for the purpose of payment or recovery of price variation. <br> 'the value of such inputs and advance\/ stage payments shall be excluded from the value of the work delivered in the relevant quarter for payment\/ recovery of price variation.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 460,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding dispute resolution:\\n1. The arbitration agreement survives closure of the contract for three years.\\n2. Arbitration, as a norm, may be restricted to disputes valued at less than Rs 10 crore.\\n3. The Rs 10 crore figure refers to the value of the contract.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 7.7.5-2, 7.7.5-4(b) and 7.7.5-4(b).<\/b> Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is wrong \u2014 the Rs 10 crore figure refers to the value of the dispute, inclusive of claims and counterclaims, not the value of the contract, which may be much higher. <br> 'This figure is regarding the value of the dispute...not the value of the contract, which may be much higher.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 461,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding termination and frustration:\\n1. On frustration, a Notice for Determining the contract issues if no agreement is reached within 60 days of the initial notice.\\n2. The contractor's aggregate liability, save for criminal negligence or wilful misconduct, shall not exceed the total contract price.\\n3. The exclusion of consequential loss applies even to the contractor's obligation to pay liquidated damages.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 7.8.5, 7.8.6-1 and 7.8.6-2.<\/b> Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is wrong \u2014 the exclusion of indirect or consequential loss shall not apply to the contractor's obligation to pay liquidated damages, which remain recoverable. <br> 'this exclusion shall not apply to any obligation of the Contractor to pay liquidated damages to the Procuring entity.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 462,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the limitation on the contractor's aggregate liability at the total contract price shall NOT apply to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Loss of profit claimed by the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Interest costs suffered by the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Costs related to defect liabilities and obligations to indemnify against legal or statutory infringement\",\r\n      \"Loss of production suffered by the procuring entity\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.8.6-1.<\/b> Except for criminal negligence or wilful misconduct, the contractor's aggregate liability shall not exceed the total contract price; but this limitation shall not apply to costs related to defect liabilities, or to any obligation of the contractor to indemnify the procuring entity concerning legal or statutory infringement. <br> 'provided that this limitation shall not apply to the cost related to defect liabilities, or to any obligation of the contractor to indemnify the Procuring Entity concerning legal\/ statutory infringement.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 463,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the advance payment made to a contractor is set off by the procuring entity:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"In a single deduction from the final bill\",\r\n      \"In equal instalments against monthly billing statements until fully set off\",\r\n      \"Only after fifty per cent of the work is completed\",\r\n      \"At the contractor's option during the contract period\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.5.2-1.<\/b> The advance payment, whose amount, timing and security are set out in the contract, is set off by the procuring entity in equal instalments against monthly billing statements until it has been fully set off; only then is the advance payment security released, and no additional advance is considered until the previous one is liquidated. <br> 'The advance payment is set off by the Procuring Entity in equal instalments against monthly billing statements until it has been fully set off.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 464,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, mandatory instructions in the sub-para on online bill monitoring provide that any deviation requires relaxation from:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Comptroller and Auditor General\",\r\n      \"The Ministry of Finance, or the Board of Directors for Central Public Sector Enterprises\",\r\n      \"The Central Vigilance Commission\",\r\n      \"The Procurement Policy Division\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.5.2 (Note).<\/b> In the sub-para on payments, instructions containing 'shall' \u2014 including the online bill-monitoring requirement \u2014 are mandatory, and any deviation from these instructions requires relaxation from the Ministry of Finance for Ministries and Departments, or from the Board of Directors for Central Public Sector Enterprises. <br> 'any deviation from these instructions shall require relaxation from Ministry of Finance (for Ministries\/ Departments etc.) or from the Board of Directors (for Central Public Sector Enterprises).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 465,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 7: EXECUTION AND MONITORING OF WORKS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, on termination for fundamental breach or insolvency, where the total amount due to the procuring entity exceeds that due to the contractor, the difference is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Written off as an irrecoverable loss\",\r\n      \"A debt payable to the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Adjusted against future contracts of the contractor\",\r\n      \"Referred to arbitration for determination\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 7.8.1-3.<\/b> After the contract manager issues a certificate for the value of work done, net of advance payments, recoveries, taxes and the percentage applied to work not completed, if the total amount due to the procuring entity exceeds that due to the contractor, the difference will be a debt payable to the procuring entity, which is then free to take over the site and complete the works. <br> 'If the total amount due to the procuring entity exceeds that due to the contractor, the difference will be a debt payable to the procuring entity.'\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  \/\/ Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES   (ids 466-542)\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  {\r\n    id: 466,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, making offers, solicitation or acceptance of a bribe, reward or gift in exchange for an unfair advantage in the procurement process amounts to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Corrupt practice\",\r\n      \"Fraudulent practice\",\r\n      \"Coercive practice\",\r\n      \"Obstructive practice\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.2.2(a); Rule 175(1), GFR 2017.<\/b> Corrupt practice means making offers, solicitation or acceptance of bribe, rewards or gifts or any material benefit, directly or indirectly, in exchange for an unfair advantage in the procurement process or to otherwise influence the process or contract execution. Fraudulent practice concerns misrepresentation, coercive practice concerns threats, and obstructive practice concerns impeding investigation. <br> 'making offers, solicitation or acceptance of bribe, rewards or gifts or any material benefit...in exchange for an unfair advantage.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 467,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, making a false declaration or providing false information to secure a contract falls under:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Fraudulent practice\",\r\n      \"Corrupt practice\",\r\n      \"Anti-competitive practice\",\r\n      \"Undue advantage\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.2.2(b).<\/b> Fraudulent practice means any omission or misrepresentation that may mislead or attempt to mislead so that financial or other benefits may be obtained or an obligation avoided, and it expressly includes making a false declaration or providing false information for participation in a tender process, to secure a contract, or in execution of the contract. <br> 'This includes making false declaration or providing false information for participation in a tender process or to secure a contract.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 468,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, collusion or bid rigging between two or more bidders is an anti-competitive practice coming under the purview of the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988\",\r\n      \"Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita\",\r\n      \"Indian Contract Act, 1872\",\r\n      \"Competition Act, 2002\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.2.2(c).<\/b> Anti-competitive practice means any collusion, bid rigging or anti-competitive arrangement, or any other practice coming under the purview of the Competition Act, 2002, between two or more bidders, with or without the knowledge of the procuring entity, that may impair transparency and fairness or establish bid prices at artificial, non-competitive levels. <br> 'any other practice coming under the purview of The Competition Act, 2002, between two or more bidders.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 469,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a bidder deliberately destroying or concealing evidence material to the procuring entity's investigation of a procurement process commits:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Coercive practice\",\r\n      \"Fraudulent practice\",\r\n      \"Obstructive practice\",\r\n      \"Conflict of interest\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.2.2(g).<\/b> Obstructive practice means materially impeding the procuring entity's investigation of a procurement process by deliberately destroying, falsifying, altering or concealing evidence material to the investigation, by making false statements, by threatening or intimidating any party, or by impeding the procuring entity's rights of audit or access to information. <br> 'materially impede the Procuring Entity's investigation...by deliberately destroying, falsifying, altering; or by concealing of evidence material to the investigation.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 470,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a bidder or its allied firm had provided services for the need assessment or procurement planning of the very tender in which it is participating, this is treated as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Coercive practice\",\r\n      \"Anti-competitive practice\",\r\n      \"Obstructive practice\",\r\n      \"Undue advantage\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.2.2(f).<\/b> Undue advantage means improper use of information obtained by the bidder from the procuring entity with intent to gain an unfair advantage or for personal gain; it also includes the situation where the bidder, or its allied firm, provided services for the need assessment or procurement planning of the tender process in which it is participating. <br> 'This also includes if the bidder (or his allied firm) provided services for the need assessment\/ procurement planning of the tender process in which he is participating.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 471,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, bidders must proactively declare previous transgressions of the Code of Integrity with any entity in any country during the last:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Three years\",\r\n      \"Two years\",\r\n      \"One year\",\r\n      \"Five years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.2.3(b).<\/b> Whether asked or not, bidders must declare any previous transgressions with respect to the Code of Integrity with any entity in any country during the last three years, or of being debarred by any other procuring entity. Such voluntary declarations do not mean automatic disqualification; the disclosure may be evaluated and an alert watch kept. <br> 'Bidders must declare any previous transgressions...with any entity in any country during the last three years or of being debarred by any other procuring entity.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 472,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a voluntary declaration by a bidder of a conflict of interest or of a previous transgression:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Results in automatic disqualification of the bidder\",\r\n      \"Requires reference to the Central Vigilance Commission before the bid is considered\",\r\n      \"Does not mean automatic disqualification, the declared matter being evaluated and mitigation steps taken where possible\",\r\n      \"Bars the bidder from that category of procurement for three years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.2.3 (footnote).<\/b> To encourage voluntary disclosures, such declarations do not mean automatic disqualification for the bidder making them; the declared conflict of interest may be evaluated and mitigation steps taken where possible, and voluntary reporting of previous transgressions may be evaluated, with an alert watch kept on the bidder, barring cases of debarment. <br> 'such declarations would not mean automatic disqualification for the bidder making such declarations.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 473,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, disclosure by a bidder of commissions or fees paid to agents must include the name and address of the agent, the purpose of the commission and the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Nationality of the agent\",\r\n      \"Bank account particulars of the agent\",\r\n      \"Date of the agency agreement\",\r\n      \"Amount and currency of the commission\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.2.3(c).<\/b> The bidder or contractor must disclose any commissions or fees paid or to be paid to agents, representatives or commission agents concerning the selection process or execution of the contract; the information disclosed must include the name and address of the agent, the amount and currency, and the purpose of the commission or fee, in a format given in the tender document. <br> 'The information disclosed must include the name and address of the agent, representative, or commission agent, the amount and currency, and the purpose of the commission or fee.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 474,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a bidder violates the Code of Integrity and its bids are still under consideration, the measure available to the procuring entity is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Recovery of advance payments with interest\",\r\n      \"Filing information with the Competition Commission of India\",\r\n      \"Cancellation of the contract and recovery of compensation\",\r\n      \"Forfeiture or encashment of the bid security and exclusion of the bidder from the procurement process\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.2.4-1; Rule 175(2), GFR 2017.<\/b> Where the bids are under consideration, the measures are forfeiture or encashment of bid security, calling off any pre-contract negotiations, and rejection and exclusion of the bidder from the procurement process. Cancellation of contract and recovery of payments with interest apply where a contract has already been awarded. <br> 'Forfeiture and\/ or encashment of bid security; calling off of any pre-contract negotiations; and rejection and exclusion of the bidder from the procurement process.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 475,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a contract has already been awarded and the Code of Integrity is found violated, recovery of payments already made is with interest at:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The prevailing rate\",\r\n      \"The General Provident Fund rate\",\r\n      \"Six per cent per annum\",\r\n      \"Twice the bank rate\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.2.4-2(c).<\/b> Where a contract has already been awarded, the measures include cancellation of the contract with recovery of compensation for loss, forfeiture or encashment of any other security or bond, and recovery of payments, including advance payments, made by the procuring entity along with interest thereon at the prevailing rate. <br> 'Recovery of payments, including advance payments, if any, made by the procuring entity along with interest thereon at the prevailing rate.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 476,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, on violation of the Code of Integrity, debarment of the bidder from future procurements of the procuring entity is for a period of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not less than three months\",\r\n      \"Not exceeding six months\",\r\n      \"Not less than six months\",\r\n      \"Not exceeding three months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.2.4-3(a).<\/b> Among the provisions additional to the measures on bids and awarded contracts is removal from the list of enlisted contractors and, or, debarment of the bidder from participation in future procurements of the procuring entity for a period not less than six months. The phrasing is a floor, not a ceiling. <br> 'debarment of the bidder from participation in future procurements of the procuring entity for a period not less than six months.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 477,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in a case of anti-competitive practices, information for further processing is to be filed with the Competition Commission of India under the signature of an officer of the level of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Joint Secretary\",\r\n      \"Deputy Secretary\",\r\n      \"Director\",\r\n      \"Under Secretary\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.2.4-3(b).<\/b> In case of anti-competitive practices, information for further processing may be filed under the signature of a Joint Secretary level officer with the Competition Commission of India; suitable disciplinary or criminal proceedings may also be initiated against any individual or staff found responsible. <br> 'information for further processing may be filed under a signature of the Joint Secretary level officer, with the Competition Commission of India.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 478,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the nature and threshold value of procurements in which the Integrity Pact is to be incorporated is decided by the Ministry or Department with the approval of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Secretary of the Ministry or Department\",\r\n      \"The Central Vigilance Commission\",\r\n      \"The Minister in charge\",\r\n      \"The Department of Expenditure\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.3-2.<\/b> Ministries and Departments and their attached and subordinate offices, including autonomous bodies, should incorporate the Integrity Pact in procurements of the nature and threshold value decided by them with the approval of the Minister in charge; as guidance, the threshold should cover the bulk of annual procurement expenditure. <br> 'decided by the Ministries\/ Departments with the approval of the Minister in charge.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 479,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, as guidance, the threshold fixed for incorporating the Integrity Pact should cover, by value, a share of the annual procurement expenditure of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"50 to 60 per cent\",\r\n      \"60 to 70 per cent\",\r\n      \"80 to 90 per cent\",\r\n      \"70 to 80 per cent\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.3-2.<\/b> As guidance, the threshold for incorporating the Integrity Pact should cover the bulk \u2014 80 to 90 per cent by value \u2014 of the Ministry's or Department's annual procurement expenditure; the format of the Pact is included in the Manual's annexure and may be suitably modified for the specific situation. <br> 'the threshold should cover bulk (80-90% - eighty to ninety percent by value) of its annual procurement expenditure.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 480,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, Independent External Monitors for the Integrity Pact are appointed by the Principal after approval by the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Comptroller and Auditor General\",\r\n      \"Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Central Vigilance Commission\",\r\n      \"Ministry of Law and Justice\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Integrity Pact, Section 8-1; Annex-2 to the Integrity Pact.<\/b> The Principal appoints competent and credible Independent External Monitors for the Pact after approval by the Central Vigilance Commission, the Monitors being nominated by that Commission at an organisation's request from its list of empanelled persons. Their task is to review independently and objectively whether the parties comply with their obligations under the Pact. <br> 'The Principal shall appoint competent and credible Independent External Monitor(s) for this Pact after approval by the Central Vigilance Commission.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 481,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the number of Independent External Monitors to be appointed for a Maharatna or Navratna Public Sector Undertaking is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Three\",\r\n      \"Two\",\r\n      \"One\",\r\n      \"Five\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Annex-2 to the Integrity Pact, para 1(i).<\/b> The Integrity Pact is implemented through a panel of Independent External Monitors nominated by the Central Vigilance Commission from its empanelled list; three such Monitors shall be appointed for Maharatna and Navratna Public Sector Undertakings, and two shall be nominated in all other organisations. <br> 'Three IEMs shall be appointed for Maharatna and Navratna PSUs, and two IEMs shall be nominated in all other organisations.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 482,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the maximum age of an Independent External Monitor at the time of appointment is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"62 years\",\r\n      \"70 years\",\r\n      \"65 years\",\r\n      \"75 years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Annex-2 to the Integrity Pact, para 1(iii)(f).<\/b> The age of an Independent External Monitor should not be more than 70 years at the time of appointment; the zone of consideration comprises eminent persons who retired at the level of Additional Secretary to the Government of India or in an equivalent or higher pay scale, and comparable posts in public enterprises, banks and the armed forces. <br> 'The age of IEM should not be more than 70 years at the time of appointment.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 483,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a retired person empanelled as an Independent External Monitor who accepts a full-time assignment elsewhere:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Continues on the panel till the expiry of the empanelment\",\r\n      \"Is required only to disclose the assignment in the annual return\",\r\n      \"May continue on the panel with the approval of the organisation\",\r\n      \"Ceases to remain on the panel from the date of taking that assignment\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Annex-2 to the Integrity Pact, para 1(iii)(g).<\/b> If a retired person has accepted a full-time assignment post-retirement, in the government sector, private sector or elsewhere, he is not eligible to be on the panel of Independent External Monitors; all empanelled persons who accept such assignments cease to remain on the panel from the date of taking the assignment, and must immediately inform the Central Vigilance Commission. <br> 'would cease to remain on the panel from the date they have taken the assignment.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 484,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, an Independent External Monitor is required to submit a written report to the Management of the Principal, from the date of reference or intimation, within:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"2 to 4 weeks\",\r\n      \"4 to 6 weeks\",\r\n      \"12 to 14 weeks\",\r\n      \"8 to 10 weeks\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Integrity Pact, Section 8-7.<\/b> The Monitor shall submit a written report to the Management of the Principal within 8 to 10 weeks from the date of reference or intimation to him by the Principal and, should the occasion arise, submit proposals for correcting problematic situations. The Monitor's recommendations are non-binding. <br> 'The Monitor shall submit a written report to the Management of the Principal, within 8 to 10 weeks from the date of reference or intimation to him by the Principal.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 485,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where an Independent External Monitor has reported a substantiated suspicion of an offence and the Management of the Principal takes no visible action within a reasonable time, the Monitor may transmit the information directly to the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Chief Vigilance Officer of the organisation\",\r\n      \"Comptroller and Auditor General\",\r\n      \"Central Vigilance Commissioner\",\r\n      \"Secretary of the administrative Ministry\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Integrity Pact, Section 8-8.<\/b> If the Monitor has reported to the Management of the Principal a substantiated suspicion of an offence under the relevant penal or anti-corruption law, and the Management has not within a reasonable time taken visible action to proceed against the offence or reported it to the Chief Vigilance Officer, the Monitor may also transmit this information directly to the Central Vigilance Commissioner. <br> 'the Monitor may also transmit this information directly to the Central Vigilance Commissioner.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 486,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the Integrity Pact expires, for the successful contractor, on the expiry of a period after the last payment under the contract of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"12 months\",\r\n      \"6 months\",\r\n      \"18 months\",\r\n      \"24 months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Integrity Pact, Section 9.<\/b> The Pact begins when both parties have legally signed it; it expires for the Contractor 12 months after the last payment under the contract, and for all other Bidders 6 months after the contract has been awarded. Any claim lodged during this time remains binding and valid despite the lapse of the Pact. <br> 'It expires for the Contractor 12 months after the last payment under the contract, and for all other Bidders, 6 months after the contract has been awarded.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 487,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the Integrity Pact expires, for bidders other than the successful contractor, on the expiry of a period after the award of the contract of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"3 months\",\r\n      \"6 months\",\r\n      \"12 months\",\r\n      \"24 months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Integrity Pact, Section 9.<\/b> For all Bidders other than the Contractor, the Pact expires 6 months after the contract has been awarded, as against 12 months after the last payment in the case of the Contractor. Violation of the Pact entails disqualification of the bidders and exclusion from future business dealings. <br> 'for all other Bidders, 6 months after the contract has been awarded.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 488,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where the Principal has disqualified a bidder from the tender process before the award under the Integrity Pact, the damages recoverable are equivalent to the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Full contract value\",\r\n      \"Performance Bank Guarantee\",\r\n      \"Earnest Money Deposit or Bid Security\",\r\n      \"Estimated cost of the work\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Integrity Pact, Section 4.<\/b> If the Principal has disqualified the bidder from the tender process before the award, it is entitled to demand and recover damages equivalent to the Earnest Money Deposit or Bid Security; where the contract has been, or is liable to be, terminated, the Principal is entitled to liquidated damages of the contract value or the amount equivalent to the Performance Bank Guarantee. <br> 'the Principal is entitled to demand and recover the damages equivalent to Earnest Money Deposit\/ Bid Security.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 489,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where the Principal obtains knowledge or has substantive suspicion of corruption by a bidder, contractor or sub-contractor under the Integrity Pact, it shall inform the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Competition Commission of India\",\r\n      \"Central Bureau of Investigation\",\r\n      \"Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Chief Vigilance Officer\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Integrity Pact, Section 7.<\/b> If the Principal obtains knowledge of conduct of a bidder, contractor or sub-contractor, or of an employee, representative or allied firm, which constitutes corruption, or has substantive suspicion in this regard, the Principal shall inform the same to the Chief Vigilance Officer. <br> 'the Principal shall inform the same to the Chief Vigilance Officer.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 490,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in the event of any contradiction between the Integrity Pact and its Annex, the provision that prevails is that in the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Annex to the Integrity Pact\",\r\n      \"Integrity Pact\",\r\n      \"General Conditions of Contract\",\r\n      \"Notice Inviting Tender\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Integrity Pact, Section 10-6.<\/b> In the event of any contradiction between the Integrity Pact and its Annex, the clause in the Integrity Pact shall prevail. The Pact is subject to Indian law, and the place of performance and jurisdiction is the place from where the tender or contract is issued. <br> 'In the event of any contradiction between the Integrity Pact and its Annex, the Clause in the Integrity Pact shall prevail.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 491,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in mediation by the panel of Independent External Monitors, the maximum number of meetings that may be held for dispute resolution is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Three\",\r\n      \"Ten\",\r\n      \"Seven\",\r\n      \"Five\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Annex-2 to the Integrity Pact, para 4.<\/b> Organisations may adopt mediation rules for the purpose, but no more than five meetings shall be held for dispute resolution, the fees and expenses being shared equally by both parties; if the dispute remains unresolved after mediation by the panel of Monitors, the organisation may take further action as per the contract. <br> 'However, no more than five meetings shall be held for dispute resolution.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 492,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the sitting fee payable to an Independent External Monitor is subject to a maximum in a calendar year of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs 1,00,000\",\r\n      \"Rs 3,00,000\",\r\n      \"Rs 2,00,000\",\r\n      \"Rs 5,00,000\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Annex-2 to the Integrity Pact, para 5(i).<\/b> Independent External Monitors are paid fees of Rs 25,000 per sitting, subject to a maximum of Rs 3,00,000 in a calendar year for the sitting fees; fees for mediation meetings between the management and the contractor are over and above this ceiling. <br> 'IEMs shall be paid fees of Rs 25,000\/- per sitting subject to a maximum of Rs 3,00,000\/- in a calendar year for the sitting fees.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 493,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a bidder claiming to have suffered loss or injury from a decision of the procuring entity may make an application for its review within a period from the date of that decision of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Fifteen days\",\r\n      \"Seven days\",\r\n      \"Five days\",\r\n      \"Thirty days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.4-2.<\/b> Any supplier, contractor or consultant claiming to have suffered or to be likely to suffer loss or injury as a result of a decision, action or omission of the procuring entity may apply for its review within five days from its date, to the designated officer named in the tender documents or, if not so specified, the Head of the Procuring Entity, specifying the grounds and the relevant clauses. <br> 'may make an application for its review within a period of Five (5) days from its date.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 494,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, an unsuccessful bidder may seek de-briefing regarding the rejection of its bid within a period from the declaration of the evaluation results of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Five days\",\r\n      \"Ten days\",\r\n      \"Fifteen days\",\r\n      \"Thirty days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.4-2.<\/b> Unsuccessful bidders may seek de-briefing regarding the rejection of their bid, in writing or electronically, within five days of the declaration of the techno-commercial or financial evaluation results \u2014 the same five-day window as applies to an application for review of a decision. <br> 'Unsuccessful Bidders may seek de-briefing regarding the rejection of their bid, in writing or electronically, within Five (5) days of the declaration of techno-commercial or financial evaluation results.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 495,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a grievance received after the declaration of the award of the contract must be redressed and closed within:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"30 days of receipt\",\r\n      \"15 days of receipt\",\r\n      \"45 days of receipt\",\r\n      \"60 days of receipt\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.4-7.<\/b> A grievance received after declaration of the award is forwarded by the designated officer to the Competent Authority of the tender for examination on merits, and such post-award grievance must be redressed and closed within 30 days of receipt; if the Competent Authority finds substance in the complaint, remedial measures should be initiated. <br> 'Such post award grievance must be redressed and closed within 30 days of receipt of the grievance.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 496,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a grievance is received during the processing of the tender, the designated officer forwards the application for examination on merits to the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Head of the Procuring Entity\",\r\n      \"Bid Opening Committee\",\r\n      \"Chief Vigilance Officer\",\r\n      \"Tender Committee or its Convener\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.4-6.<\/b> If the grievance is received during processing of the tender, the designated officer forwards the application to the Tender Committee or its Convener for examination on merits; an interim reply may be sent that the application will be kept in view during evaluation, the final response being given only after declaration of the award, with the application and action taken recorded in the Committee's minutes. <br> 'the designated officer shall forward the application to the TC\/Convener of TC for its examination on merits.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 497,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following decisions of a procuring entity is NOT subject to review under the grievance redressal mechanism?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A complaint that the specifications are vague or too specific so as to limit competition\",\r\n      \"The decision to enter into negotiations with the lowest bidder\",\r\n      \"The rejection of a bid at the technical evaluation stage\",\r\n      \"The evaluation of the financial bid of a technically acceptable bidder\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.4-3(d).<\/b> The decisions not subject to review include determination of the need for procurement, selection of the mode of procurement or tendering system, choice of selection procedure, complaints against specifications except where vague or too specific so as to limit competition, provisions limiting participation or granting purchase preferences under Government policies, the decision to enter into negotiations with the lowest bidder, and cancellation of the procurement process except where the same requirements are to be re-tendered. <br> 'The decision to enter into negotiations with the L1 bidder.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 498,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a cancellation of the procurement process is open to review under the grievance mechanism where:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"It is intended to subsequently re-tender the same requirements\",\r\n      \"The cancellation follows an unfavourable technical evaluation\",\r\n      \"More than three bids had been received\",\r\n      \"The lowest bidder objects in writing\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.4-3(d)(viii).<\/b> Cancellation of the procurement process is among the decisions not subject to review, except where it is intended to subsequently re-tender the same requirements \u2014 the exception guarding against cancellation being used to displace an inconvenient outcome while the same requirement is procured afresh. <br> 'Cancellation of the procurement process except where it is intended to subsequently re-tender the same requirements.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 499,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, issues relating to ambiguity in contract terms:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"May be raised at any time during the currency of the contract\",\r\n      \"Shall not be taken up after a contract has been signed, and should be highlighted before the contract is consummated\",\r\n      \"May be raised only through the arbitration clause\",\r\n      \"Shall be referred to the Independent External Monitor for a ruling\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.4-4.<\/b> Issues related to ambiguity in contract terms shall not be taken up after a contract has been signed; all such issues should be highlighted before the vendor or contractor consummates the contract. The grievance redressal mechanism is besides the avenue of complaints to the vigilance department of the procuring organisation. <br> 'Issues related to ambiguity in contract terms shall not be taken up after a contract has been signed.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 500,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, an application for review in relation to the financial bid, where the technical bid has been evaluated before opening of the financial bid, may be filed only by a bidder:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Who has purchased the tender document\",\r\n      \"Who has an acceptable technical bid\",\r\n      \"Who has furnished the bid security\",\r\n      \"Who is enlisted with the procuring entity\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.4-3(c).<\/b> Only a directly affected bidder who has participated in the concerned procurement process may represent; where the technical bid has been evaluated before opening of the financial bid, an application for review in relation to the financial bid may be filed only by a bidder whose technical bid is found to be acceptable. A similar restriction applies at the pre-qualification stage. <br> 'an application for review in relation to the financial bid may be filed only by a bidder whose technical bid is found to be acceptable.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 501,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding the Code of Integrity:\\n1. Bidders must declare previous transgressions with any entity in any country during the last three years.\\n2. Debarment on violation of the Code is for a period not less than six months.\\n3. Information on anti-competitive practices is filed with the Competition Commission of India under the signature of a Director level officer.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 8.2.3(b), 8.2.4-3(a) and 8.2.4-3(b).<\/b> Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is wrong \u2014 such information is filed under the signature of a Joint Secretary level officer, not a Director level officer. <br> 'information for further processing may be filed under a signature of the Joint Secretary level officer, with the Competition Commission of India.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 502,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding the Integrity Pact:\\n1. Independent External Monitors are appointed after approval by the Central Vigilance Commission.\\n2. The Pact expires for the contractor 6 months after the last payment under the contract.\\n3. Issues like warranty and guarantee are outside the purview of Independent External Monitors.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Integrity Pact, Sections 8-1, 9 and 10-5.<\/b> Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 2 is wrong \u2014 the Pact expires for the contractor 12 months after the last payment under the contract; the six-month period applies to all other bidders, reckoned from the award of the contract. <br> 'It expires for the Contractor 12 months after the last payment under the contract.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 503,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the distinction drawn between registration and enlistment of contractors is that enlistment involves:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Simply recording the contractor's name on the portal\",\r\n      \"Grant of exemption from performance security\",\r\n      \"Award of a contract on nomination basis\",\r\n      \"Including the name of the contractor in the list after verification of credentials\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.6-1.<\/b> Registration means simply registering the contractor, without any verification; enlistment means including the name of the contractor in the list after verification of credentials. Departments such as the Central Public Works Department and Military Engineering Services enlist contractors after verifying credentials. <br> 'Enlistment: Including the name of the contractor in the list of after verification of credentials.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 504,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following is NOT among the particulars required to be captured at the minimum while registering a prospective contractor on the procurement portal?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Permanent Account Number\",\r\n      \"Details of the digital signature certificate\",\r\n      \"Audited balance sheet of the preceding three years\",\r\n      \"Goods and Services Tax Identification Number\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.6-2.<\/b> All Ministries and Departments shall register prospective contractors on their electronic procurement portal or the Central Public Procurement Portal before bids are submitted, capturing at least the name of the contractor, address and contact details, Permanent Account Number, details of the digital signature certificate and the Goods and Services Tax Identification Number; further information may be captured as considered necessary. Audited balance sheets are not part of this minimum set. <br> 'the Ministries\/Department\/CPSUs shall capture at least - Name of contractor, Address and Contact details, Permanent Account Number (PAN), Details of digital signature certificate (DSC) and GSTIN.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 505,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the appellate authority in matters of enlistment of contractors shall be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Central Vigilance Commission\",\r\n      \"The Secretary of the Ministry in every case\",\r\n      \"The authority at least one level above the registering authority\",\r\n      \"The Head of the Procuring Entity in every case\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.6-5.<\/b> The Ministry or Department shall notify the authorities competent to deal with applications and grant enlistments, along with their jurisdictions; the appellate authority shall be at least one level above the registering authority, or as designated by the Ministry or Department. <br> 'The appellate authority shall be at least one level above the registering authority or as designated by the Ministry\/ Department.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 506,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, registered suppliers are ordinarily exempted from furnishing earnest money deposit or bid security with their tenders:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"For all tenders of the procuring entity without limit\",\r\n      \"For the items and monetary limits for which they are registered\",\r\n      \"For a period of one year from the date of registration\",\r\n      \"Only in limited tender enquiries\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.6-6.<\/b> All Ministries and Departments may use lists prepared by other Ministries and Departments as and when necessary; registered suppliers are ordinarily exempted from furnishing earnest money deposit or bid security with their tenders for the items, and monetary limits, for which they are registered. <br> 'Registered suppliers are ordinarily exempted from furnishing earnest money deposit\/ bid security with their tenders for items, and Monetary Limits for which they are registered.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 507,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in the sample classification of enlistment classes and tendering limits, the tendering limit for a Class-II contractor is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs 4 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs 75 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs 50 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs 15 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.6-8.<\/b> Enlistment is done by class of firm on the capability to execute contracts of different monetary limits; in the sample classification, Class-I (Super) is Rs 650 crore, Class-I (AAA) Rs 260 crore, Class-I (AA) Rs 130 crore, Class-I (A) Rs 75 crore, Class-I Rs 50 crore, Class-II Rs 15 crore, Class-III Rs 4 crore, Class-IV Rs 1.30 crore and Class-V Rs 40 lakh. <br> 'Class-II Rs 15 crore.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 508,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in the sample classification of enlistment classes, the tendering limit for the highest class, namely Class-I (Super), is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs 130 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs 650 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs 260 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs 1,000 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.6-8.<\/b> In the sample classification of classes of enlistment, Class-I (Super) carries a tendering limit of Rs 650 crore, followed by Class-I (AAA) at Rs 260 crore and Class-I (AA) at Rs 130 crore; the monetary limits are fixed carefully in view of bankers' reports, the capacity and capability of the firm, and financial information in the balance sheets and profit and loss statements. <br> 'Class-I (Super) Rs 650 crore.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 509,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in the sample classification of enlistment classes, the tendering limit for a Class-V contractor is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs 60 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 40 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs 1.30 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs 4 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.6-8.<\/b> In the sample classification, the lowest class, Class-V, carries a tendering limit of Rs 40 lakh, above which Class-IV is Rs 1.30 crore and Class-III is Rs 4 crore. Enlistment is by class of firm based on capability to execute contract orders of different monetary limits in the relevant category. <br> 'Class-V Rs 40 lakh.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 510,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, contractors are required to possess a valid digital signature certificate at the time of enlistment or renewal of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Class I with the proprietor's name\",\r\n      \"Class II with the proprietor's name\",\r\n      \"Any class issued by a licensed certifying authority\",\r\n      \"Class III with the company name\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.6-10(b).<\/b> Any firm situated in India or abroad in the business of providing goods, works or services of the specified categories is eligible for enlistment; contractors should possess a valid Digital Signature Certificate of Class III with the company name at the time of enlistment or renewal, so as to enable them to participate in electronic procurement. <br> 'Contractors should possess valid Digital Signature Certificate (DSCs) Class III with the company name at the time of enlistment\/ renewal.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 511,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, an enlistment granted to a contractor is treated as confirmed only after the firm has:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Satisfactorily executed one contract of the relevant category and value from the procuring entity\",\r\n      \"Completed one year from the date of provisional enlistment\",\r\n      \"Furnished a bank guarantee equal to its tendering limit\",\r\n      \"Participated in at least three tenders of the procuring entity\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.6-14.<\/b> The letter of enlistment must mention that the enlistment is valid for a specified period, say three years, extendable on application based on satisfactory performance; the enlistment is initially treated as provisional and is treated as confirmed only after the firm has satisfactorily executed one contract of the relevant category and value from the procuring entity. Extension of validity is not a matter of right. <br> 'it would be treated as confirmed only after the firm has satisfactorily executed one contract of the relevant category and value from Procuring Entity.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 512,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the extension of the validity of enlistment of a contractor is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A matter of right on satisfactory performance\",\r\n      \"Automatic unless the firm is debarred\",\r\n      \"Not a matter of right, the procuring entity reserving the right not to extend without assigning any reason\",\r\n      \"Permissible only once during the life of the firm\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.6-14.<\/b> Extension of the validity of enlistment is considered on application by the contractor based on satisfactory performance; however, such extension is not a matter of right, and the procuring entity reserves the right not to extend the enlistment without assigning any reason. <br> 'The extension of validity of enlistment is not a matter of right and Procuring Entity reserves the right not to extend such enlistment without assigning any reason.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 513,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, an enlisted contractor may be removed from the list of enlisted contractors where, having received at least six invitations in a year, it fails to respond to at least:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Two tenders\",\r\n      \"Four tenders\",\r\n      \"Three tenders\",\r\n      \"Five tenders\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.6-9(f).<\/b> Enlisted contractors must participate in relevant limited tenders; in case they do not respond to at least three tenders in a year on being invited to do so, where there were at least six invitations to them, they may be removed from the list of enlisted contractors. <br> 'In case they do not respond to at least three (3) tenders in a year on being invited to do so (if there were at least 6 invitations to them), they may be removed from the list of enlisted contractors.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 514,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a firm is not considered capable and enlistment is refused, a request for re-verification and review made after the period prescribed by the department is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rejected outright\",\r\n      \"Treated as a fresh application, with the processing fee charged accordingly\",\r\n      \"Referred to the appellate authority for condonation of delay\",\r\n      \"Considered only after a lapse of three years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.6-12.<\/b> Where enlistment cannot be granted, the deficiencies are communicated directly to the firm under intimation to the appellate authority; where the firm requests re-verification and review with the prescribed fee within the period prescribed, say six months, a review is undertaken, but requests after expiry of that period are treated as a fresh application and the processing fee charged accordingly. <br> 'Requests for re-verification after expiry of the said period would be treated as a fresh application and processing fee, if any prescribed, charged accordingly.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 515,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, on adverse reports from the officers who reassess an already enlisted firm, the procuring entity shall:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Downgrade the firm to the next lower class\",\r\n      \"Suspend the firm for a period of six months\",\r\n      \"Delete such firm from the enlisted contractors list\",\r\n      \"Refer the matter to the Central Vigilance Commission\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.6-17.<\/b> The procuring entity retains the option to reassess already enlisted firms at any later date to satisfy itself about current financial soundness, creditworthiness and facilities available, and may thereafter retain them for the earlier requirements and monetary limit or with necessary changes; in case of adverse reports from the reassessing officers, the procuring entity shall delete such firm from the enlisted contractors list. <br> 'In case of adverse reports from the team of Procuring Entity, officers who reassess the firm, Procuring Entity shall delete such firm from the enlisted contractors list.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 516,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a bidder convicted of an offence under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 shall not be eligible to participate in the procurement process of any procuring entity for a period:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not exceeding three years\",\r\n      \"Not exceeding two years\",\r\n      \"Not exceeding one year\",\r\n      \"Not exceeding five years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.7.1(b); Rule 151, GFR 2017.<\/b> A bidder convicted of an offence under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, or under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita or any other law in force for causing loss of life or property or a threat to public health as part of executing a public procurement contract, and any successor of the bidder, shall not be eligible to participate in a procurement process of any procuring entity for a period not exceeding three years from the date of debarment. <br> 'shall not be eligible to participate in a procurement process of any procuring entity for a period not exceeding three years commencing from the date of debarment.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 517,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a procuring entity determines that a bidder has breached the Code of Integrity, it may debar the bidder from its own procurements for a period:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not exceeding two years\",\r\n      \"Not exceeding one year\",\r\n      \"Not exceeding three years\",\r\n      \"Not exceeding five years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.7.1(c); Rule 151, GFR 2017.<\/b> A procuring entity may debar a bidder, or any of its successors, from participating in any procurement process undertaken by it for a period not exceeding two years if it determines that the bidder has breached the Code of Integrity; the Ministry or Department maintains such a list, which is also displayed on its website. The three-year period applies to conviction-based debarment. <br> 'for a period not exceeding two years, if it determines that the bidder has breached the code of integrity.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 518,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the Secretary of a Ministry or Department may nominate as competent authority to debar firms an officer of the rank of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Under Secretary or Deputy Secretary\",\r\n      \"Director or Deputy Secretary\",\r\n      \"Joint Secretary or Additional Secretary\",\r\n      \"Chief Vigilance Officer alone\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.7.2-3(d).<\/b> The Secretary of the Ministry or Department may nominate an officer at the rank of Joint Secretary or Additional Secretary as the competent authority to debar firms; before issuing a debarment order the Ministry must ensure that a reasonable opportunity, including personal hearing if requested, has been given to the firm. <br> 'Secretary of Ministry\/Department may nominate an officer at the rank of Joint Secretary\/Additional Secretary as competent authority to debar the firms.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 519,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the function of debarment of firms:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Is to be exercised by the Tender Committee\",\r\n      \"Is to be allocated to the Vigilance Department of the organisation\",\r\n      \"Vests exclusively in the Central Vigilance Commission\",\r\n      \"Is an executive function and should not be allocated to the Vigilance Department\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.7.2-3(h).<\/b> Debarment is an executive function and should not be allocated to the Vigilance Department. More than one Ministry or Department may concurrently debar the same firm, and the period of debarment starts from the date of issue of the debarment order, so the process is to be conducted expeditiously. <br> 'Debarment is an executive function and should not be allocated to Vigilance Department.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 520,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in the suggested timeline for the debarment process, the total time from noticing of the delinquency to the final order, after which the debarment period starts, is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"6 weeks\",\r\n      \"8 weeks\",\r\n      \"12 weeks\",\r\n      \"16 weeks\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.7.2-3(i).<\/b> The suggested timeline runs from noticing of delinquency at zero day, evaluation of evidence and proposal to the competent authority in 2 weeks, issue of show cause notice in 1 week, time for submission 3 weeks, evaluation and oral hearing 3 weeks, and final order in 2 weeks \u2014 totalling 12 weeks from zero day, after which the debarment period starts; an appeal is to be received and disposed of by the appellate authority in a further 4 weeks. <br> 'Total 12 weeks from zero day, after which debarment period starts.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 521,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in the suggested debarment timeline, the time allowed to the appellate authority for receipt and disposal of the appeal is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"2 weeks\",\r\n      \"3 weeks\",\r\n      \"4 weeks\",\r\n      \"6 weeks\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.7.2-3(i)(viii).<\/b> The final order indicates an opportunity to the firm of 2 weeks' time to appeal to the Secretary of the Ministry or Department as appellate authority; receipt of the appeal and its disposal by the appellate authority is allowed 4 weeks, over and above the 12 weeks from zero day to the final order. <br> 'Receipt of Appeal and disposal the same by the appellate authority \u2013 4 weeks.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 522,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the appellate authority to whom a debarred firm may appeal against a debarment order of a Ministry or Department is the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Central Vigilance Commission\",\r\n      \"Secretary of the Ministry or Department\",\r\n      \"Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Competition Commission of India\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.7.2-3(i)(vi).<\/b> The final debarment order indicates an opportunity to the firm of 2 weeks' time to appeal to the Secretary of the Ministry or Department as appellate authority; the appeal is then to be received and disposed of within 4 weeks. <br> 'indicating opportunity to the firm 2 weeks' time to appeal to the Secretary of Ministry\/ Department as appellate authority.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 523,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the Government e-Marketplace may debar bidders on its portal for a period of up to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Six months\",\r\n      \"Two years\",\r\n      \"One year\",\r\n      \"Three years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.7.2-4.<\/b> Ministries and Departments may at their option delegate powers to debar bidders to their Central Public Sector Enterprises, attached offices and autonomous bodies, such debarments applying only to procurements made by those bodies; similarly, the Government e-Marketplace can debar bidders for up to two years on its portal. <br> 'the Government e-Marketplace (GeM) can also debar bidders for up to two years on its portal.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 524,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a debarment order issued by a Ministry or Department is applicable to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The attached and subordinate offices, autonomous bodies and Central Public Sector Undertakings of the issuing Ministry or Department\",\r\n      \"All Ministries and Departments of the Central Government\",\r\n      \"The issuing Ministry or Department alone\",\r\n      \"All procuring entities registered on the Government e-Marketplace\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.7.2-3(b).<\/b> The debarment order shall not be circulated to other Ministries or Departments; it will only be applicable to all attached and subordinate offices, autonomous bodies and Central Public Sector Undertakings of the Ministry or Department issuing the order. Debarment across all Ministries requires the separate route through the Department of Expenditure. <br> 'It will only be applicable to all the attached\/ subordinate offices, Autonomous bodies, Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSUs) etc. of the Ministry\/ Department issuing the debarment Order.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 525,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, for debarment of a firm across all Central Government Ministries and Departments, the Ministry concerned forwards a self-contained note, after obtaining the approval of the Secretary concerned, to the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Central Vigilance Commission\",\r\n      \"Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Department of Economic Affairs\",\r\n      \"Cabinet Secretariat\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.7.2-5(b).<\/b> Where debarment across all Central Government Ministries and Departments is proposed, following conviction under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 or the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita for loss of life or property or threat to public health in executing a public procurement contract, the Ministry concerned should, after obtaining the approval of the Secretary concerned, forward to the Department of Expenditure a self-contained note setting out all the facts and the justification, along with relevant papers. <br> 'forward to DoE a self-contained note setting out all the facts of the case and the justification for the proposed debarment.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 526,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, on expiry of the specified period of debarment, an order of debarment:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Requires a specific formal order of revocation\",\r\n      \"Shall be deemed to have been automatically revoked, without any formal order\",\r\n      \"Continues until the firm applies for revocation\",\r\n      \"Is extended by six months unless reviewed\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.7.2-6(a).<\/b> An order for debarment shall be deemed to have been automatically revoked on the expiry of the specified period, and it will not be necessary to issue a specific formal order of revocation; separately, the issuing authority may review or revoke the order before the period is over, suo motu on new facts or on an appeal by the debarred bidder. <br> 'shall be deemed to have been automatically revoked on the expiry of that specified period and it will not be necessary to issue a specific formal order of revocation.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 527,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in the case of debarments done by Central Public Sector Enterprises, attached offices or autonomous bodies, modification or revocation of the debarment order should ordinarily be with the approval of a competent authority:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not below the rank of Joint Secretary\",\r\n      \"Nominated by the Central Vigilance Commission\",\r\n      \"Not below the rank of Additional Secretary\",\r\n      \"Not below a board-level officer\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.7.2-6(b).<\/b> Modification of the period of debarment or revocation should ordinarily be done with the approval of the Secretary concerned of the Department of Expenditure or of the Ministry or Department that issued the order; in the case of debarments by Central Public Sector Enterprises, attached offices, autonomous bodies or the Government e-Marketplace, such modification or revocation should ordinarily be with the approval of a competent authority not below a board-level officer. <br> 'such modification\/ revocation of the debarment orders should be done ordinarily with the approval of a competent authority not below a board-level officer.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 528,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a debarred firm has submitted a bid and that bid happens to be the lowest, the course prescribed is that the bid is ignored and:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The tender is cancelled and re-tendered\",\r\n      \"The work is awarded on nomination basis\",\r\n      \"The debarred firm's bid security is forfeited and the tender proceeds\",\r\n      \"The next lowest firm is considered as the lowest, the debarred firm's bid security being returned to it\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.7.2-7(c).<\/b> In case a debarred firm has submitted a bid, the same will be ignored; if such a firm is the lowest, the next lowest firm shall be considered as the lowest, and the bid security submitted by such debarred firms shall be returned to them. Even in cases of risk purchase, no contract should be placed on a debarred firm. <br> 'In case such firm is lowest (L-1), next lowest firm shall be considered as L-1. Bid security submitted by such debarred firms shall be returned to them.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 529,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, contracts concluded before the issue of a debarment order:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Stand cancelled from the date of the order\",\r\n      \"Are to be renegotiated with the debarred firm\",\r\n      \"Shall not be affected by the debarment order\",\r\n      \"Continue only with the approval of the Secretary\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.7.2-7(d).<\/b> Contracts concluded before the issue of the debarment order shall not be affected by the debarment order; what the order bars is the placement of any fresh contract of any kind on the debarred firm, including its allied firms, after its issue. The debarment is automatically extended to all allied firms. <br> 'Contracts concluded before the issue of the debarment order shall, not be affected by the debarment Orders.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 530,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a firm is debarred, the debarment stands:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Confined to the firm named in the order\",\r\n      \"Automatically extended to all its allied firms\",\r\n      \"Extended to allied firms only on a separate order\",\r\n      \"Extended to its sub-contractors alone\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.7.2-7(e).<\/b> The debarment shall be automatically extended to all allied firms of the debarred firm; accordingly, no contract of any kind whatsoever is to be placed on the debarred firm including its allied firms after the issue of the order, and the order itself mentions the reasons in brief, the jurisdictional extent and the validity period. <br> 'The Debarment shall be automatically extended to all its allied firms.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 531,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in identifying allied firms of a partnership firm for the purposes of debarment, a firm is treated as allied where a common partner holds a profit share of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Ten per cent or more\",\r\n      \"Twenty-five per cent or more\",\r\n      \"Twenty per cent or more\",\r\n      \"Fifty-one per cent or more\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Annexure 15, para 5 (Show-cause Notice for Debarment).<\/b> Allied firms are those within the sphere of effective influence \u2014 a proprietary firm owned by the firm; a partnership firm having all or a majority of common partners, or any one partner having a profit share of 20 per cent or more in it; or a firm having common management, such as a majority of the directors. <br> 'have common (all or majority of) partners, or any one of partners having a profit share of 20% or more in it.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 532,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a firm served with a show-cause notice for debarment is required to submit its response within:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"7 days of receiving the notice\",\r\n      \"30 days of receiving the notice\",\r\n      \"21 days of receiving the notice\",\r\n      \"15 days of receiving the notice\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Annexure 15, para 4(e).<\/b> The show-cause notice grants the firm a fair opportunity to explain in writing why it should not be debarred, the response to include specific reasons, mitigating factors and corrective measures, and to be submitted within 15 days of receiving the notice; failure to do so results in further action, including an order for debarment. An appeal against the debarment decision is likewise to be submitted within 15 days. <br> 'Response Deadline: Please submit your response within 15 days of receiving this notice.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 533,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, a supplier debarred by a procuring entity for a false declaration of local content shall not be eligible for preference under the Make in India Order:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"In procurements of any other procuring entity for the duration of the debarment\",\r\n      \"In procurements of the debarring entity alone\",\r\n      \"For a fixed period of three years in all cases\",\r\n      \"Until it applies afresh for local supplier status\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.7.2-5(a)(iii).<\/b> A supplier who has been debarred as provided shall not be eligible for preference under the Make in India Order for procurement by any other procuring entity for the duration of the debarment, this being effective from the date of uploading of such debarment on the website. A false declaration of local content is itself treated as a breach of the Code of Integrity. <br> 'shall not be eligible for preference under the Make in India Order for procurement any other procuring entity for the duration of the debarment.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 534,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, in deciding on punitive action against a supplier, the consideration the Manual directs attention to, besides past records of performance, is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The turnover of the supplier in the preceding financial year\",\r\n      \"The class of enlistment held by the supplier\",\r\n      \"The number of tenders in which the supplier has participated\",\r\n      \"The repercussions of such action on the continuity of procurements where suppliers are in short supply\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.7.2 (Rule 151 of GFR 2017).<\/b> Since it takes much time and effort to develop and mature a new supplier, and punishment may hurt the procuring entity's own interest where suppliers in a group are scarce, the views of the concerned department should always be sought about the repercussions of punitive action on the continuity of procurements; past records of performance are to be given due weightage, and in less serious cases the endeavour should be to reform the supplier or to see whether temporary debarment serves the purpose. <br> 'views of the concerned Department may always be sought about the repercussions of such punitive action on the continuity of procurements.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 535,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the enlistment of Indian agents who desire to quote directly on behalf of their foreign principals is provided for in:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rule 150 of the General Financial Rules, 2017\",\r\n      \"Rule 151 of the General Financial Rules, 2017\",\r\n      \"Rule 175 of the General Financial Rules, 2017\",\r\n      \"Rule 152 of the General Financial Rules, 2017\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.8; Rule 152, GFR 2017.<\/b> Ministries and Departments, if they so require, may enlist Indian agents who desire to quote directly on behalf of their foreign principals, under Rule 152 of the General Financial Rules, 2017. Rule 150 deals with registration of suppliers, Rule 151 with debarment from bidding, and Rule 175 with the Code of Integrity. <br> 'Ministries\/ Departments if they so require, may enlist Indian agents, who desire to quote directly on behalf of their foreign principals. (Rule 152 of GFR 2017)'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 536,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, compulsory registration of agents of foreign suppliers is required in the case of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Open Tender Enquiries alone\",\r\n      \"All modes of procurement without exception\",\r\n      \"Single Tender Enquiries alone\",\r\n      \"Global Tender Enquiries and Limited Tender Enquiries\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Annex-1 to the Integrity Pact, para 1.1.<\/b> There shall be compulsory registration of agents for all Global Tender Enquiries and Limited Tender Enquiries; an agent not registered with the procuring entity shall apply for registration with it, and registered agents must file an attested copy of the principal's certificate confirming the agency agreement and the remuneration paid, before placement of an order. <br> 'There shall be compulsory registration of agents for all Global Tender Enquiries (GTE) and Limited Tender Enquiries (LTE).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 537,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, the commission or remuneration payable to an Indian agent of a foreign supplier is payable in Indian Rupees on the expiry of a period after the discharge of the obligations under the contract of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"90 days\",\r\n      \"60 days\",\r\n      \"30 days\",\r\n      \"180 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Annex-1 to the Integrity Pact, para 2.3.<\/b> In either case, in the event of the contract materialising, the payment terms shall provide for payment of the commission or remuneration payable to agents or representatives in India in Indian Rupees on expiry of 90 days after the discharge of the obligations under the contract. <br> 'payment of the commission \/remuneration, if any, payable to the agents\/representatives in India in Indian Rupees on expiry of 90 days after the discharge of the obligations under the contract.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 538,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, failure by a foreign bidder to furnish correct and detailed information regarding its Indian agents renders the bid liable to rejection and, if a contract has materialised, attracts:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Termination of the contract, besides banning of business dealings or payment of a named sum\",\r\n      \"A reduction in the contract price to the extent of the commission\",\r\n      \"Recovery of the commission with interest alone\",\r\n      \"A warning to the foreign principal\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Annex-1 to the Integrity Pact, para 2.4.<\/b> Failure to furnish correct and detailed information regarding agents or representatives in India renders the concerned bid liable to rejection or, in the event of a contract materialising, the contract liable to termination by the procuring entity; besides this, there would be a penalty of banning business dealings with the procuring entity, or damages, or payment of a named sum. <br> 'the same liable to termination by the Procuring Entity. Besides this, there would be a penalty of banning business dealings with the Procuring Entity or damage or payment of a named sum.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 539,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, where a procurement official declares a conflict of interest and the competent officer finds the conflict or the function to be significant, the course prescribed is to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Nominate an alternative officer to perform that function, partly or fully, in that procurement process\",\r\n      \"Ask the official to continue the function with enhanced supervision\",\r\n      \"Cancel the procurement process and start afresh\",\r\n      \"Refer the matter to the Central Vigilance Commission\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.5 (Resolution of Conflict of Interest).<\/b> It is the responsibility of officials to declare a conflict of interest with reference to a procurement process to the competent authority or next higher officer, who may either determine that it is insignificant enough to influence the function and ask the officer to continue, or, if the conflict or the function is significant, nominate an alternative officer to perform that function partly or fully in that procurement process. <br> 'nominate any alternative officer to perform the function (partly or fully) of this official in that procurement process.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 540,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding debarment:\\n1. A procuring entity may debar a bidder for breach of the Code of Integrity for a period not exceeding two years.\\n2. A debarment order issued by a Ministry is circulated to all other Ministries and Departments.\\n3. The debarment order stands automatically revoked on expiry of the specified period.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 8.7.1(c), 8.7.2-3(b) and 8.7.2-6(a).<\/b> Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 2 is wrong \u2014 the debarment order shall not be circulated to other Ministries or Departments and applies only to the attached and subordinate offices, autonomous bodies and Central Public Sector Undertakings of the issuing Ministry or Department. <br> 'The debarment order shall not be circulated to other Ministries\/ Departments.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 541,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding enlistment of contractors:\\n1. Registration involves verification of the credentials of the contractor.\\n2. Enlistment is initially provisional and is confirmed only after satisfactory execution of one contract of the relevant category and value.\\n3. The appellate authority shall be at least one level above the registering authority.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 8.6-1, 8.6-14 and 8.6-5.<\/b> Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Statement 1 is wrong \u2014 registration means simply registering the contractor without any verification; it is enlistment that involves inclusion in the list after verification of credentials. <br> 'Registration: Simply registering the contractor, without any verification.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 542,\r\n    chapter: 'Ch 8: REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNANCE ISSUES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, consider the following statements regarding Indian agents of foreign suppliers:\\n1. Registration of agents is compulsory for Global and Limited Tender Enquiries.\\n2. Commission payable to the Indian agent may be paid in the currency of the foreign principal.\\n3. Commission is payable on expiry of 90 days after discharge of the obligations under the contract.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Annex-1 to the Integrity Pact, paras 1.1, 2.1.3 and 2.3.<\/b> Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 2 is wrong \u2014 the commission or remuneration payable to agents or representatives in India is to be paid by the procuring entity in Indian Rupees only. <br> 'the commission\/ remuneration, if any, payable to his agents\/representatives in India, may be paid by the Procuring Entity in Indian Rupees only.'\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  \/\/ TIMELINES & PERIODS   (ids 543-566)\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  {\r\n    id: 543,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Validity of bid security beyond the final bid validity period\\n(Q) Return of bid security of unsuccessful bidders after award of contract\\n(R) Furnishing of performance security after notification of the award\\n(S) Validity of performance security beyond completion of all contractual obligations\\nList II (Period)\\n(1) 14 to 28 days\\n(2) 30 days\\n(3) 45 days\\n(4) 60 days\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.1.1-3, 5.1.1-7 and 5.1.2-6.<\/b> Bid security normally remains valid for 45 days beyond the final bid validity period; bid securities of unsuccessful bidders are returned at the latest by the 30th day after award; performance security is furnished generally 14 to 28 days after notification of the award; and it remains valid for 60 days beyond completion of all contractual obligations, including the Defect Liability Period. <br> 'The bid security is normally to remain valid for a period of 45 days beyond the final bid validity period.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 544,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Payment stage)\\n(P) Ad-hoc payment of at least seventy-five per cent of the eligible running account bill\\n(Q) Payment of the remaining amount of the running account bill\\n(R) Written explanation to the next higher authority where the ad-hoc payment is delayed\\n(S) Final payment to the contractor after completion of work\\nList II (Period)\\n(1) 3 working days\\n(2) 10 working days\\n(3) 28 working days\\n(4) 3 months\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.2-4 and 5.2-5.<\/b> Ad-hoc payment of at least seventy-five per cent of the eligible running account bill must be made within 10 working days of bill submission and the remaining payment within 28 working days; if payment is delayed beyond 10 working days, a written explanation must be submitted to the next higher authority within three working days; and final payment is to be paid within three months after completion of work. <br> 'Ad-hoc payments of at least 75% of the eligible running account bill must be made within 10 working days of bill submission.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 545,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Period within which materials against which a secured advance is paid are to be used\\n(Q) Period after payment of a secured advance on expiry of which repayment is effected in all cases\\n(R) Completion period at or below which a price variation provision is not applicable\\n(S) Interval covered by the monthly review of bank guarantees nearing expiry\\nList II (Period)\\n(1) 3 months\\n(2) 90 days\\n(3) 120 days\\n(4) 18 months\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-3, Q-2, R-4, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.3.3-1, 5.3.3-3, 5.4-3 and 5.1.5-2.<\/b> Secured advance is paid subject to the materials being used within 90 days; repayment is effected in all cases after expiry of 120 days from payment of the advance; a price variation provision does not apply where the completion period is eighteen months or less; and monitoring includes a monthly review of all bank guarantees expiring in the next three months. <br> 'the repayment of the advance will be affected after expiry of a period of 120 days since payment of advance.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 546,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Minimum extension of the bid submission deadline on an amendment to tender documents\\n(Q) Extended duration where an amendment substantially changes the procurement requirements\\n(R) Minimum automatic extension of bid opening by the portal for lack of response\\n(S) Validity of a bid where the bid validity period is not specified in the tender document\\nList II (Period)\\n(1) 3 days\\n(2) 7 days\\n(3) 21 days\\n(4) 90 days\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 4.4-1, 4.4-2, 4.5-2 and 4.12.<\/b> Where an amendment is issued, the submission deadline is extended by not less than three days; where the amendment substantially changes the requirements, the extended duration is normally 21 days or consistent with the original bid submission duration; the pre-specified automatic extension for lack of response is not less than seven days; and a bid remains valid for 90 days if the period is not specified. <br> 'Normally, the extended time duration shall be 21 days or consistent with original bid submission duration.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 547,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Holding of the pre-bid conference after issue of the tender document\\n(Q) Publication of the minutes of the pre-bid conference\\n(R) Sending of the response to clarifications before the date of opening of tenders\\n(S) Extension of the bid submission deadline where a clarification changes the requirement significantly\\nList II (Period)\\n(1) Not less than 3 days\\n(2) 5 days\\n(3) 7 days\\n(4) 15 to 21 days\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 4.7-2(b), 4.7-2(e) and 4.8.<\/b> The pre-bid conference is normally held after 15 to 21 days of issue of the tender document; its minutes are published within seven days of the conference; the response to clarifications is sent at least five days prior to the date of opening of tenders; and where the response changes the requirement significantly, the submission deadline is extended by not less than three days. <br> 'A response will be sent...at least 5 days prior to the date of opening of the tenders.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 548,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Normal minimum time allowed to bidders to prepare their proposals\\n(Q) Minimum time where participation of international contractors is contemplated\\n(R) Intimation of statistics of electronic publishing exemptions to the Department of Expenditure\\n(S) Sharing of contract award details of a commercial re-sale component on the portal\\nList II (Period)\\n(1) 3 weeks\\n(2) 4 weeks\\n(3) Every quarter\\n(4) 6 months\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 4.2-8, 4.3-2 and 6.5.2-2.<\/b> The time allowed to bidders normally shall not be less than three weeks, and not less than four weeks where participation of international contractors is contemplated; statistics of cases exempted from electronic publishing on national security grounds are intimated quarterly to the Department of Expenditure; and contract award details of a Central Public Sector Enterprise's commercial re-sale component may be shared on the portal after six months of realisation of the procurement. <br> 'a period of not less than four weeks should normally be allowed.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 549,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Notice of a Force Majeure event by the affected party\\n(Q) Continuance of a Force Majeure event entitling either party to terminate the contract\\n(R) Inordinate delay in a twelve-month contract\\n(S) Reporting of the actual date of completion to the competent authority\\nList II (Period)\\n(1) 7 days\\n(2) 30 days\\n(3) Beyond 3 months\\n(4) 120 days\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-4, R-3, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-4, R-3, S-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 7.4.4, 7.4.5-3 and 7.4.7-2.<\/b> Notice of a Force Majeure event must be given within 30 days of occurrence; if the event continues beyond 120 days, either party may terminate; inexcusable delays beyond one-fourth of the completion period, that is beyond 3 months in a 12-month contract, are inordinate delays; and the actual date of completion must reach the competent authority within seven days of completion for the incentive clause. <br> 'if such event continue for a period exceeding 120 days, either party may at its option terminate the contract.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 550,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Finalisation of the grant of extension of time on a compensation event\\n(Q) Updating of cash flow projections, cost estimates and milestones by the contract manager\\n(R) Putting in place the online system for monitoring contractors' bills\\n(S) Payment of the final bill after completion of work\\nList II (Period)\\n(1) Quarterly\\n(2) 2 months\\n(3) 3 months\\n(4) 1 year\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 7.4.10-2, 7.5.1 and 7.5.2.<\/b> The contracting entity may finalise the grant of extension of time within a maximum of two months of receiving the proposal; the contract manager updates cash flow projections, cost estimates and milestones on a quarterly basis; the online bill-monitoring system for works involving payments above Rs 100 crore per annum is to be in place within one year of the instructions; and the final bill is paid within three months after completion. <br> 'The Contracting Entity may finalise the grant of EOT within a maximum period of two months.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 551,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Survival of the arbitration agreement after termination or closure of the contract\\n(Q) Agreement to amend the contract after a Notice of Frustration Event\\n(R) Redressal and closure of a grievance received after declaration of the award\\n(S) Application for review of a decision of the procuring entity by an affected bidder\\nList II (Period)\\n(1) 5 days\\n(2) 30 days\\n(3) 60 days\\n(4) 3 years\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 7.7.5-2, 7.8.5, 8.4-7 and 8.4-2.<\/b> The arbitration agreement survives termination, completion or closure of the contract for three years; on a Notice of Frustration Event, failure to reach mutual agreement within 60 days leads to a Notice for Determining the contract; a post-award grievance must be redressed and closed within 30 days of receipt; and an affected bidder may apply for review within five days of the decision. <br> 'This Agreement shall continue to survive termination, completion, or closure of the Contract for 3 years after that.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 552,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Expiry of the Integrity Pact for the contractor after the last payment under the contract\\n(Q) Expiry of the Integrity Pact for all other bidders after the contract has been awarded\\n(R) Submission of the written report by an Independent External Monitor\\n(S) Declaration by bidders of previous transgressions with any entity in any country\\nList II (Period)\\n(1) 6 months\\n(2) 8 to 10 weeks\\n(3) 12 months\\n(4) 3 years\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Integrity Pact Sections 9 and 8-7; Para 8.2.3(b).<\/b> The Integrity Pact expires for the contractor 12 months after the last payment under the contract and for all other bidders 6 months after the contract has been awarded; the Independent External Monitor submits a written report within 8 to 10 weeks from the date of reference; and bidders must declare previous transgressions with any entity in any country during the last three years. <br> 'It expires for the Contractor 12 months after the last payment under the contract, and for all other Bidders, 6 months after the contract has been awarded.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 553,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Ground)\\n(P) Conviction of a bidder under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988\\n(Q) Debarment by a procuring entity for breach of the Code of Integrity\\n(R) Debarment under the punitive provisions on violation of the Code of Integrity\\n(S) Submission of a response to a show-cause notice for debarment\\nList II (Period)\\n(1) Not less than 6 months\\n(2) 15 days\\n(3) Not exceeding 2 years\\n(4) Not exceeding 3 years\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-1, R-3, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-4, S-2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 8.7.1(b), 8.7.1(c), 8.2.4-3(a); Annexure 15, para 4(e).<\/b> Conviction under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 attracts debarment from procurement of any procuring entity for a period not exceeding three years; a procuring entity may debar for breach of the Code of Integrity for not exceeding two years; the punitive provisions prescribe debarment for not less than six months; and a firm must respond to a show-cause notice within 15 days. <br> 'shall not be eligible to participate in a procurement process of any procuring entity for a period not exceeding three years.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 554,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II in the suggested timeline of the debarment process:\\nList I (Stage)\\n(P) Evaluation of evidence and proposal to the competent authority for banning\\n(Q) Time allowed to the firm for submission, including reminders\\n(R) Total time from noticing of delinquency to the final order\\n(S) Receipt and disposal of the appeal by the appellate authority\\nList II (Period)\\n(1) 2 weeks\\n(2) 3 weeks\\n(3) 4 weeks\\n(4) 12 weeks\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-4, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.7.2-3(i).<\/b> In the suggested timeline, evaluation of evidence and the proposal to the competent authority takes 2 weeks, issue of the show cause notice 1 week, time for submission including reminders 3 weeks, evaluation and oral hearing 3 weeks, and the final order 2 weeks \u2014 totalling 12 weeks from zero day, after which the debarment period starts; the appeal is received and disposed of by the appellate authority in a further 4 weeks. <br> 'Total 12 weeks from zero day, after which debarment period starts.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 555,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Validity of the enlistment of a contractor as stated in the letter of enlistment\\n(Q) Period within which a firm refused enlistment may seek re-verification and review\\n(R) Payment of commission to an Indian agent after discharge of obligations under the contract\\n(S) Time indicated in the final order for the firm to appeal against debarment\\nList II (Period)\\n(1) 2 weeks\\n(2) 90 days\\n(3) 6 months\\n(4) 3 years\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 8.6-14, 8.6-12, 8.7.2-3(i)(vi); Annex-1 to the Integrity Pact, para 2.3.<\/b> Enlistment is valid for a specified period, say three years; a firm refused enlistment may seek re-verification and review within the period prescribed, say six months, after which the request is treated as a fresh application; commission to an Indian agent is payable on expiry of 90 days after discharge of the obligations under the contract; and the final debarment order indicates two weeks' time to appeal. <br> 'on expiry of 90 days after the discharge of the obligations under the contract.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 556,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Refund of performance security after completion of the defect liability or warranty period\\n(Q) De-briefing sought by an unsuccessful bidder after declaration of evaluation results\\n(R) Return of bid security of bidders unsuccessful at the first stage of two-packet tendering\\n(S) Validity of bid security beyond the final bid validity period\\nList II (Period)\\n(1) 5 days\\n(2) 30 days\\n(3) 45 days\\n(4) 60 days\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.1.2-6, 8.4-2, 5.1.1-7 and 5.1.1-3.<\/b> Performance security is refunded without interest not later than 60 days of completion of the defect liability or warranty period; an unsuccessful bidder may seek de-briefing within five days of declaration of the evaluation results; in two-packet tendering, bid securities of bidders unsuccessful at the first stage are returned within 30 days of declaration of that result; and bid security normally remains valid for 45 days beyond the final bid validity period. <br> 'returned within 30 days of declaration of the first stage result.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 557,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Submission of the report on awards made on nomination basis to the Secretary or Board\\n(Q) Monitoring of the progress of a work by the Works Committee\\n(R) Putting in place the online system for monitoring contractors' bills\\n(S) Complete review by a Department of the re-delegations of its financial powers\\nList II (Interval)\\n(1) Every quarter\\n(2) Quarterly or monthly\\n(3) Within one year\\n(4) At least once in three years\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 3.12-3, 7.2.2-3, 7.5.2; Annexure 1.<\/b> The report on awards made on a nomination basis is submitted to the Secretary, Board or Chief Executive every quarter; a work is monitored on a quarterly or monthly basis by the Works Committee; the online bill-monitoring system is to be put in place within one year of issue of the instructions; and a complete review of re-delegations of financial powers is to be undertaken at least once in three years. <br> 'The work shall be monitored quarterly\/ monthly basis by the Works Committee.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 558,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Delay in payment of bills beyond which a provision for payment of interest may be included\\n(Q) Issue of the show cause notice to the firm in the suggested debarment timeline\\n(R) Evaluation of the firm's submission and giving it an oral hearing\\n(S) Submission of an appeal by a firm against a debarment decision\\nList II (Period)\\n(1) 1 week\\n(2) 3 weeks\\n(3) 15 days\\n(4) 30 working days\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-1, R-3, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.2-4 and 8.7.2-3(i); Annexure 16.<\/b> Public authorities may include a provision for interest where bills are delayed by more than 30 working days; in the suggested debarment timeline the show cause notice is issued in 1 week and evaluation of the firm's submission with an oral hearing takes 3 weeks; and a firm wishing to appeal against a debarment decision submits its appeal within 15 days of receiving the order. <br> 'you may submit an appeal within 15 days of receiving this letter.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 559,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to Force Majeure and delays is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Finalisation of extension of time on a compensation event \u2014 3 months\",\r\n      \"Termination where a Force Majeure event continues \u2014 beyond 120 days\",\r\n      \"Notice of a Force Majeure event by the affected party \u2014 30 days\",\r\n      \"Reporting of the actual date of completion to the competent authority \u2014 7 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 7.4.4, 7.4.10-2 and 7.4.7-2.<\/b> The extension of time on a compensation event is to be finalised within a maximum period of two months, not three months, of receipt of the proposal from the Contract Manager. The other three pairings are correct \u2014 Force Majeure notice within 30 days, termination where the event exceeds 120 days, and reporting of the actual date of completion within seven days. <br> 'The Contracting Entity may finalise the grant of EOT within a maximum period of two months.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 560,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to bid security and performance security is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Validity of bid security beyond the final bid validity period \u2014 45 days\",\r\n      \"Return of bid security of unsuccessful bidders after award of contract \u2014 45th day\",\r\n      \"Validity of performance security beyond completion of all contractual obligations \u2014 60 days\",\r\n      \"Furnishing of performance security after notification of the award \u2014 14 to 28 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.1.1-3, 5.1.2-6 and 5.1.1-7.<\/b> Bid securities of unsuccessful bidders are to be returned at the latest by the 30th day after the award of the contract, not the 45th day; the 45-day period relates to the validity of the bid security beyond the final bid validity period. The other three pairings are correct. <br> 'at the latest, by the 30th day after the award of the contract.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 561,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to periods of debarment is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Debarment on conviction under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 \u2014 not exceeding 3 years\",\r\n      \"Debarment by a procuring entity for breach of the Code of Integrity \u2014 not exceeding 2 years\",\r\n      \"Debarment by the Government e-Marketplace on its portal \u2014 up to 5 years\",\r\n      \"Debarment under the punitive provisions on violation of the Code of Integrity \u2014 not less than 6 months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 8.7.1(b), 8.7.1(c), 8.7.2-4 and 8.2.4-3(a).<\/b> The Government e-Marketplace can debar bidders for up to two years on its portal, not five years. The other three pairings are correct \u2014 three years on conviction, two years for breach of the Code of Integrity by a procuring entity, and not less than six months under the punitive provisions. <br> 'the Government e-Marketplace (GeM) can also debar bidders for up to two years on its portal.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 562,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to the pre-bid conference and clarifications is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Holding of the pre-bid conference after issue of the tender document \u2014 30 to 45 days\",\r\n      \"Publication of the minutes of the pre-bid conference \u2014 7 days of the conference\",\r\n      \"Response to clarifications before the date of opening of tenders \u2014 at least 5 days\",\r\n      \"Raising of clarification queries where no clarification end date is mentioned \u2014 before 7 days of the deadline\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 4.7-2(b), 4.7-2(e) and 4.8.<\/b> The date and time for the pre-bid conference should normally be after 15 to 21 days of the issue of the tender document, not 30 to 45 days. The other three pairings are correct \u2014 minutes within seven days, response at least five days before opening, and queries before seven days of the submission deadline where no end date is specified. <br> 'The date and time for such a meeting should normally be after 15 to 21 days of the issue of the Tender Document.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 563,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to secured advances and price variation is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Use of materials against which a secured advance has been paid \u2014 90 days\",\r\n      \"Completion period at or below which a price variation provision is not applicable \u2014 24 months\",\r\n      \"Monthly review of bank guarantees expiring in the near term \u2014 next 3 months\",\r\n      \"Repayment of a secured advance in all cases after its payment \u2014 120 days\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.3.3-1, 5.3.3-3, 5.1.5-2 and 5.4-3.<\/b> A price variation provision is not applicable where the period of completion is eighteen months or less, not twenty-four months. The other three pairings are correct \u2014 materials to be used within 90 days, repayment of secured advance after 120 days, and a monthly review of bank guarantees expiring in the next three months. <br> 'this shall not be applicable in the contracts where period of completion is eighteen months or less.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 564,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to the Integrity Pact and the Code of Integrity is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Expiry of the Integrity Pact for the contractor after the last payment \u2014 12 months\",\r\n      \"Submission of the written report by an Independent External Monitor \u2014 4 to 6 weeks\",\r\n      \"Expiry of the Integrity Pact for other bidders after award of the contract \u2014 6 months\",\r\n      \"Declaration by bidders of previous transgressions in any country \u2014 last 3 years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Integrity Pact Sections 9 and 8-7; Para 8.2.3(b).<\/b> The Independent External Monitor submits a written report within 8 to 10 weeks from the date of reference or intimation, not 4 to 6 weeks. The other three pairings are correct \u2014 the Pact expires for the contractor 12 months after the last payment and for other bidders 6 months after award, and bidders declare transgressions of the last three years. <br> 'The Monitor shall submit a written report to the Management of the Principal, within 8 to 10 weeks from the date of reference.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 565,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to payment of bills is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Ad-hoc payment of at least seventy-five per cent of the running account bill \u2014 10 working days\",\r\n      \"Payment of the remaining amount of the running account bill \u2014 45 working days\",\r\n      \"Written explanation to the next higher authority for delayed ad-hoc payment \u2014 3 working days\",\r\n      \"Final payment to the contractor after completion of work \u2014 3 months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.2-4 and 5.2-5.<\/b> The remaining payment of the running account bill is to be made within 28 working days, not 45 working days. The other three pairings are correct \u2014 ad-hoc payment of at least seventy-five per cent within 10 working days, written explanation within three working days where that is delayed, and final payment within three months of completion. <br> 'The remaining payment should be made within 28 working days.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 566,\r\n    chapter: 'TIMELINES & PERIODS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to grievances and dispute resolution is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Application for review of a decision by an affected bidder \u2014 5 days\",\r\n      \"Redressal and closure of a grievance received after declaration of the award \u2014 30 days\",\r\n      \"Agreement to amend the contract after a Notice of Frustration Event \u2014 30 days\",\r\n      \"Survival of the arbitration agreement after closure of the contract \u2014 3 years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 8.4-2, 8.4-7, 7.7.5-2 and 7.8.5.<\/b> Where the parties cannot reach a mutual agreement within 60 days, not 30 days, of the initial Notice of Frustration Event, the procuring entity issues a Notice for Determining the contract. The other three pairings are correct \u2014 review application within five days, post-award grievance closed within 30 days, and the arbitration agreement surviving three years. <br> 'if the parties cannot reach a mutual agreement within 60 days of the initial notice.'\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  \/\/ PERCENTAGES   (ids 567-586)\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  {\r\n    id: 567,\r\n    chapter: 'PERCENTAGES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Instrument)\\n(P) Bid security, of the estimated value of the works\\n(Q) Performance security, of the value of the contract\\n(R) Security deposit withheld from each running bill\\n(S) Mobilisation advance in specialised and capital-intensive works, of the contract price\\nList II (Percentage)\\n(1) 2 to 5 per cent\\n(2) 3 to 10 per cent\\n(3) 5 per cent\\n(4) 10 per cent\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.1.1-2, 5.1.2-1, 5.1.3 and 5.3.1-1.<\/b> Bid security ordinarily ranges between two and five per cent of the estimated value of the works; performance security is three to ten per cent of the value of the contract; works contracts usually withhold five per cent of each running bill as security deposit or retention money; and the mobilisation advance in specialised capital-intensive works is ten per cent of the contract price. <br> 'The amount of bid security should ordinarily range between two (2) to five (5) per cent of the estimated value of the works.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 568,\r\n    chapter: 'PERCENTAGES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Advance)\\n(P) Each instalment where the mobilisation advance is paid in two instalments\\n(Q) Financial progress certified for release of the second instalment of mobilisation advance\\n(R) Ceiling on the advance against plant and machinery, of its depreciated cost\\n(S) Secured advance against materials brought to site, of the invoice value\\nList II (Percentage)\\n(1) 5 per cent\\n(2) 10 per cent\\n(3) 50 per cent\\n(4) 75 per cent\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.3.1-2, 5.3.2-1 and 5.3.3-1.<\/b> The ten per cent mobilisation advance may be paid in two instalments of five per cent each, the second on the engineer certifying financial progress of ten per cent of the contract price; the advance against new key construction plant and machinery should normally not exceed fifty per cent of its depreciated cost; and secured advance against materials is up to seventy-five per cent of the invoice value or of the corresponding Bill of Quantities value, whichever is less. <br> 'The advance should normally not be more than 50 (fifty) percent of the depreciated cost of such plants and machinery.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 569,\r\n    chapter: 'PERCENTAGES',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Levy)\\n(P) Liquidated damages for repair works costing up to Rs 20 lakh, per week of delay\\n(Q) Liquidated damages for all other works, per week of delay\\n(R) Maximum liquidated damages normally leviable\\n(S) Maximum liquidated damages where performance is allowed after inordinate delay\\nList II (Percentage of contract value)\\n(1) 0.5 per cent\\n(2) 1 per cent\\n(3) 5 per cent\\n(4) 10 per cent\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 7.4.7-3 and 7.4.5-3.<\/b> Liquidated damages are one per cent of the contract value per week for repair works costing up to Rs 20 lakh and half per cent per week for all other works, subject to a maximum of five per cent of the contract value; where the procuring entity allows performance after inordinate delays, the maximum limit is ten per cent instead of five per cent. <br> 'for all other works half percent (0.5%) of the contract value per week of delay subject to a maximum of five percent (5%).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 570,\r\n    chapter: 'PERCENTAGES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Minimum local content for a Class-I local supplier\\n(Q) Minimum local content for a Class-II local supplier\\n(R) Maximum penalty on the contract value where a supplier's category changes on failing local content\\n(S) Weightage of technical proposals under Quality and Cost Based Selection in works\\nList II (Percentage)\\n(1) 10 per cent\\n(2) 20 per cent\\n(3) Not more than 30 per cent\\n(4) 50 per cent\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 1.11.2-6, 1.11.2-9(c) and 6.4.5-2(c).<\/b> The local content requirement is a minimum of fifty per cent for a Class-I local supplier and twenty per cent for a Class-II local supplier; where the category changes from Class-I to Class-II or non-local on failing the requirement, a penalty up to ten per cent of the contract value may be imposed; and under Quality and Cost Based Selection in works, technical proposals carry a weightage of not more than thirty per cent. <br> 'a penalty upto 10% of the contract value may be imposed.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 571,\r\n    chapter: 'PERCENTAGES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Weightage of financial proposals under Quality and Cost Based Selection in works\\n(Q) Minimum qualifying benchmark normally prescribed under Least Cost Selection\\n(R) Cases of award on nomination basis to be checked by the audit committee\\n(S) Margin of purchase preference under the Make in India Order\\nList II (Percentage or marks)\\n(1) At least 10 per cent\\n(2) 20 per cent\\n(3) 70 per cent or more\\n(4) 75 out of 100\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 6.4.5-2(c), 3.3.1-1, 3.12-3 and 1.11.2-2(f).<\/b> Financial proposals under Quality and Cost Based Selection in works carry seventy per cent or more; the minimum qualifying benchmark for the technical proposal under Least Cost Selection is normally seventy-five out of a maximum of one hundred; the audit committee may be required to check at least ten per cent of awards made on nomination basis; and the margin of purchase preference under the Make in India Order is fixed at twenty per cent. <br> 'Margin of purchase preference...has been fixed as 20 (twenty) percent.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 572,\r\n    chapter: 'PERCENTAGES',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Ad-hoc payment of the eligible running account bill within ten working days\\n(Q) Coverage of annual procurement expenditure by the Integrity Pact threshold, by value\\n(R) Profit share of a partner that makes a firm an allied firm for debarment\\n(S) Incentive for early completion of work, per month\\nList II (Percentage)\\n(1) 1 per cent\\n(2) 20 per cent or more\\n(3) At least 75 per cent\\n(4) 80 to 90 per cent\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-2, R-4, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-4, R-2, S-3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.2-4, 8.3-2, 7.4.7-2; Annexure 15, para 5.<\/b> An ad-hoc payment of at least seventy-five per cent of the eligible running account bill must be made within ten working days; the Integrity Pact threshold should as guidance cover eighty to ninety per cent by value of annual procurement expenditure; a partner holding a profit share of twenty per cent or more makes a partnership firm an allied firm; and the incentive for early completion is one per cent of the contract value per month. <br> 'the threshold should cover bulk (80-90% - eighty to ninety percent by value) of its annual procurement expenditure.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 573,\r\n    chapter: 'PERCENTAGES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Order quantity awarded to the lowest bidder where that bidder is not a Class-I local supplier\\n(Q) Margin by which a Class-I local supplier's price may exceed the lowest bid for purchase preference\\n(R) Maximum penalty on the contract value where a supplier's category changes\\n(S) Maximum incentive for early completion, of the contract value\\nList II (Percentage)\\n(1) 5 per cent\\n(2) 10 per cent\\n(3) 20 per cent\\n(4) 50 per cent\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 1.11.2-4(b)(ii), 1.11.2-2(f), 1.11.2-9(c) and 7.4.7-2.<\/b> Where the lowest bidder is not a Class-I local supplier, fifty per cent of the order quantity is awarded to that bidder and the balance offered to the lowest Class-I local supplier on matching; the margin of purchase preference is twenty per cent above the lowest bid; the penalty where a supplier's category changes is up to ten per cent of the contract value; and the incentive for early completion is subject to a maximum of five per cent of the contract value. <br> '50 (fifty) per cent of the order quantity shall be awarded to L1.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 574,\r\n    chapter: 'PERCENTAGES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Ceiling)\\n(P) Ceiling on price variation commonly stipulated in a price variation clause\\n(Q) Maximum liquidated damages normally leviable\\n(R) Maximum liquidated damages where performance is allowed after inordinate delay\\n(S) Ceiling on the advance against plant and machinery, of its depreciated cost\\nList II (Percentage)\\n(1) 5 per cent\\n(2) 10 per cent\\n(3) 20 to 25 per cent\\n(4) 50 per cent\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.4-8(c), 7.4.7-3, 7.4.5-3 and 5.3.2-1.<\/b> A price variation clause should provide a ceiling, say twenty to twenty-five per cent; liquidated damages are subject to a maximum of five per cent of the contract value, rising to ten per cent where performance is allowed after inordinate delays; and the advance against plant and machinery should normally not exceed fifty per cent of the depreciated cost. <br> 'price variation clause should provide for a ceiling...beyond which the price variation would be capped at this level.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 575,\r\n    chapter: 'PERCENTAGES',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Bid security, of the estimated value of the works\\n(Q) Performance security, of the value of the contract\\n(R) Secured advance against materials brought to site, of the invoice value\\n(S) Financial progress certified for release of the second instalment of mobilisation advance\\nList II (Percentage)\\n(1) 2 to 5 per cent\\n(2) 3 to 10 per cent\\n(3) 10 per cent\\n(4) 75 per cent\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-4, R-2, S-3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.1.1-2, 5.1.2-1, 5.3.3-1 and 5.3.1-2.<\/b> Bid security ordinarily ranges between two and five per cent of the estimated value; performance security is three to ten per cent of the contract value; secured advance is up to seventy-five per cent of the invoice value or of the corresponding Bill of Quantities value, whichever is less; and the second instalment of mobilisation advance is released on certification of ten per cent financial progress. <br> 'Performance security should be for an amount of three (3) to ten (10) per cent of the value of the contract for works.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 576,\r\n    chapter: 'PERCENTAGES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Minimum local content for a Class-I local supplier\\n(Q) Weightage of technical proposals under Quality and Cost Based Selection in works\\n(R) Retention money withheld from each running bill\\n(S) Cases of award on nomination basis to be checked by the audit committee\\nList II (Percentage)\\n(1) 5 per cent\\n(2) At least 10 per cent\\n(3) Not more than 30 per cent\\n(4) 50 per cent\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-1, R-3, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 1.11.2-6, 6.4.5-2(c), 5.1.3 and 3.12-3.<\/b> The minimum local content for a Class-I local supplier is fifty per cent; technical proposals under Quality and Cost Based Selection in works carry not more than thirty per cent weightage; retention money withheld from each running bill is usually five per cent; and the audit committee may be required to check at least ten per cent of awards made on nomination basis. <br> 'The 'local content' requirement to categorise a supplier as a 'Class-I local supplier' is a minimum of 50 (fifty) per cent.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 577,\r\n    chapter: 'PERCENTAGES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Maximum incentive for early completion, of the contract value\\n(Q) Incentive for early completion of work, per month\\n(R) Liquidated damages for works other than small repair works, per week of delay\\n(S) Maximum liquidated damages where performance is allowed after inordinate delay\\nList II (Percentage)\\n(1) 0.5 per cent\\n(2) 1 per cent\\n(3) 5 per cent\\n(4) 10 per cent\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 7.4.7-2, 7.4.7-3 and 7.4.5-3.<\/b> The incentive for early completion is one per cent of the contract value per month subject to a maximum of five per cent; liquidated damages for works other than repair works costing up to Rs 20 lakh are half per cent of the contract value per week; and the maximum liquidated damages rise to ten per cent where the procuring entity allows performance after inordinate delays. <br> 'Incentives\/ Bonus (e.g. one percent of the contract value per month subject to a maximum of five percent of contract value).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 578,\r\n    chapter: 'PERCENTAGES',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Requirement)\\n(P) Shareholding by which a Central Public Sector Enterprise is defined\\n(Q) Minimum local content for a Class-II local supplier\\n(R) Maximum penalty on the contract value where a supplier's category changes\\n(S) Minimum qualifying benchmark normally prescribed under Least Cost Selection\\nList II (Percentage or marks)\\n(1) 10 per cent\\n(2) 20 per cent\\n(3) More than 50 per cent\\n(4) 75 out of 100\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Procurement Glossary item 8; Paras 1.11.2-6, 1.11.2-9(c) and 3.3.1-1.<\/b> A Central Public Sector Enterprise is one in which the Central Government directly or indirectly owns more than fifty per cent of the issued share capital; the minimum local content for a Class-II local supplier is twenty per cent; the penalty where a supplier's category changes is up to ten per cent of the contract value; and the minimum qualifying benchmark under Least Cost Selection is normally seventy-five out of a hundred. <br> 'the Central Government directly or indirectly owns more than 50 (fifty) per cent of the issued share capital.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 579,\r\n    chapter: 'PERCENTAGES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to securities and retention money is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Bid security, of the estimated value of the works \u2014 2 to 5 per cent\",\r\n      \"Mobilisation advance in capital-intensive works \u2014 15 per cent of the contract price\",\r\n      \"Retention money withheld from each running bill \u2014 5 per cent\",\r\n      \"Performance security, of the value of the contract \u2014 3 to 10 per cent\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.1.1-2, 5.1.2-1, 5.1.3 and 5.3.1-1.<\/b> The mobilisation advance in specialised and capital-intensive works is ten per cent of the contract price, not fifteen per cent. The other three pairings are correct \u2014 bid security two to five per cent, performance security three to ten per cent, and retention money usually five per cent of each running bill. <br> 'an interest-bearing mobilisation advance...at 10 (ten) per cent of the contract price.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 580,\r\n    chapter: 'PERCENTAGES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to liquidated damages is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Maximum liquidated damages normally leviable \u2014 10 per cent of contract value\",\r\n      \"Liquidated damages for all other works, per week \u2014 0.5 per cent\",\r\n      \"Liquidated damages for repair works costing up to Rs 20 lakh, per week \u2014 1 per cent\",\r\n      \"Maximum liquidated damages after inordinate delay \u2014 10 per cent of total contract value\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 7.4.7-3 and 7.4.5-3.<\/b> The maximum liquidated damages normally leviable is five per cent of the contract value; the ten per cent ceiling applies only where the procuring entity allows performance after inordinate delays. The other three pairings are correct. <br> 'subject to a maximum of five percent (5%) of contract value.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 581,\r\n    chapter: 'PERCENTAGES',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to the Make in India Order is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Minimum local content for a Class-I local supplier \u2014 50 per cent\",\r\n      \"Minimum local content for a Class-II local supplier \u2014 20 per cent\",\r\n      \"Penalty where a supplier's category changes on failing local content \u2014 up to 25 per cent\",\r\n      \"Margin of purchase preference under the Make in India Order \u2014 20 per cent\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 1.11.2-6, 1.11.2-2(f) and 1.11.2-9(c).<\/b> Where the category of the supplier changes from Class-I to Class-II or non-local on failing the local content requirement, a penalty up to ten per cent of the contract value may be imposed, not twenty-five per cent; the contract once awarded is not terminated on this account. The other three pairings are correct. <br> 'a penalty upto 10% of the contract value may be imposed.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 582,\r\n    chapter: 'PERCENTAGES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to weightages and qualifying benchmarks in selection is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Minimum qualifying benchmark normally prescribed under Least Cost Selection \u2014 60 out of 100\",\r\n      \"Weightage of financial proposals under Quality and Cost Based Selection in works \u2014 70 per cent or more\",\r\n      \"Weightage of technical proposals under Quality and Cost Based Selection in works \u2014 not more than 30 per cent\",\r\n      \"Minimum qualifying marks under Quality and Cost Based Selection \u2014 normally 70 to 80 out of 100\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 6.4.5-2(c), 3.3.1-1 and 3.3.2-2.<\/b> The minimum qualifying benchmark for the quality of the technical proposal under Least Cost Selection is normally seventy-five out of a maximum of one hundred, not sixty. The other three pairings are correct \u2014 technical weightage not more than thirty per cent, financial seventy per cent or more, and the Quality and Cost Based Selection benchmark normally seventy to eighty out of a hundred. <br> 'Minimum qualifying marks for the quality of the technical proposal are prescribed as a benchmark (normally 75 out of a maximum of 100).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 583,\r\n    chapter: 'PERCENTAGES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to advances to the contractor is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Mobilisation advance in specialised and capital-intensive works \u2014 10 per cent of the contract price\",\r\n      \"Each instalment where the mobilisation advance is paid in two instalments \u2014 5 per cent\",\r\n      \"Advance against new key construction plant and machinery \u2014 5 per cent of the contract price\",\r\n      \"Secured advance against materials brought to site \u2014 90 per cent of the invoice value\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.3.1-1, 5.3.1-2, 5.3.2-1 and 5.3.3-1.<\/b> The secured advance against non-perishable materials brought to site is made up to seventy-five per cent of the invoice value, or seventy-five per cent of the corresponding value on Bill of Quantities rates, whichever is less \u2014 not ninety per cent. The other three pairings are correct. <br> 'will be made up to 75 (seventy-five) per cent of invoice value...whichever is less.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 584,\r\n    chapter: 'PERCENTAGES',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to governance and payment of bills is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Coverage of annual procurement expenditure by the Integrity Pact threshold \u2014 80 to 90 per cent by value\",\r\n      \"Profit share of a partner that makes a firm an allied firm \u2014 20 per cent or more\",\r\n      \"Ad-hoc payment of the eligible running account bill within ten working days \u2014 at least 50 per cent\",\r\n      \"Cases of award on nomination basis to be checked by the audit committee \u2014 at least 10 per cent\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 8.3-2, 3.12-3, 5.2-4; Annexure 15, para 5.<\/b> The ad-hoc payment that must be made within ten working days of bill submission is at least seventy-five per cent of the eligible running account bill, not fifty per cent. The other three pairings are correct. <br> 'Ad-hoc payments of at least 75% of the eligible running account bill must be made within 10 working days.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 585,\r\n    chapter: 'PERCENTAGES',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to incentives and ceilings is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Incentive for early completion of work, per month \u2014 1 per cent of the contract value\",\r\n      \"Maximum incentive for early completion \u2014 5 per cent of the contract value\",\r\n      \"Ceiling on the advance against plant and machinery \u2014 75 per cent of its depreciated cost\",\r\n      \"Ceiling on price variation commonly stipulated in a price variation clause \u2014 20 to 25 per cent\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 7.4.7-2, 5.4-8(c) and 5.3.2-1.<\/b> The advance against new key construction plant and machinery should normally not be more than fifty per cent of the depreciated cost of such plant and machinery, not seventy-five per cent; the seventy-five per cent figure relates to the secured advance against materials. The other three pairings are correct. <br> 'The advance should normally not be more than 50 (fifty) percent of the depreciated cost of such plants and machinery.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 586,\r\n    chapter: 'PERCENTAGES',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to local suppliers and purchase preference is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Minimum local content for a Class-I local supplier \u2014 50 per cent\",\r\n      \"Order quantity awarded to the lowest bidder where that bidder is not a Class-I local supplier \u2014 50 per cent\",\r\n      \"Shareholding by which a Central Public Sector Enterprise is defined \u2014 more than 50 per cent\",\r\n      \"Margin of purchase preference under the Make in India Order \u2014 10 per cent\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 1.11.2-6, 1.11.2-4(b)(ii), 1.11.2-2(f); Procurement Glossary item 8.<\/b> The margin of purchase preference, being the maximum extent to which the price quoted by a Class-I local supplier may be above the lowest bid, has been fixed at twenty per cent, not ten per cent. The other three pairings are correct. <br> 'Margin of purchase preference...has been fixed as 20 (twenty) percent.'\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  \/\/ MONETARY THRESHOLDS   (ids 587-606)\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  {\r\n    id: 587,\r\n    chapter: 'MONETARY THRESHOLDS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Provision)\\n(P) Limited Tender Enquiry mode in works procurement\\n(Q) Direct acceptance threshold below which a Tender Committee is not required\\n(R) Repair contracts treated as small value contracts for relaxed credentials\\n(S) Restriction on inviting a Global Tender Enquiry\\nList II (Threshold)\\n(1) Rs 10 lakh\\n(2) Rs 50 lakh\\n(3) Rs 60 lakh\\n(4) Rs 200 crore\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 3.6-3(c), 6.2.1-1, 4.2.6-3 and 3.8.2-1.<\/b> The Limited Tender Enquiry mode applies up to Rs 10 lakh; the direct acceptance threshold, below which evaluation may be entrusted solely to the individual competent authority without a Tender Committee, is Rs 50 lakh; relaxed credentials are permitted in small value contracts such as repair contracts up to Rs 60 lakh; and no Global Tender Enquiry shall be invited up to Rs 200 crore. <br> 'No Global Tender Enquiry (GTE) shall be invited up to Rs. 200 crores.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 588,\r\n    chapter: 'MONETARY THRESHOLDS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Provision)\\n(P) Bid security exceeding which it may be required as a bank guarantee from a scheduled bank in India\\n(Q) Repair works up to which liquidated damages are one per cent of contract value per week\\n(R) Cases up to which a comparative statement of quotations need not be prepared\\n(S) Value of tenders above which a lower percentage from the performance security band may be adopted\\nList II (Threshold)\\n(1) Rs 5 lakh\\n(2) Rs 20 lakh\\n(3) Rs 50 lakh\\n(4) Rs 50 crore\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.1.1-3, 7.4.7-3, 6.1.3 and 5.1.2-1.<\/b> Where bid security exceeds Rs 5 lakh it may be required as a bank guarantee issued or confirmed by a scheduled bank in India; liquidated damages are one per cent per week for repair works costing up to Rs 20 lakh; a comparative statement of quotations need not be prepared in cases up to Rs 50 lakh; and in higher value tenders, say above Rs 50 crore, a lower percentage from the three-to-ten per cent performance security band may be adopted. <br> 'Except in cases upto Rs 50 Lakh...the Procuring Entity should prepare a comparative statement of quotations.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 589,\r\n    chapter: 'MONETARY THRESHOLDS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II in the sample classification of enlistment classes:\\nList I (Class of enlistment)\\n(P) Class-I (Super)\\n(Q) Class-I (AAA)\\n(R) Class-I (AA)\\n(S) Class-I (A)\\nList II (Tendering limit)\\n(1) Rs 75 crore\\n(2) Rs 130 crore\\n(3) Rs 260 crore\\n(4) Rs 650 crore\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.6-8.<\/b> In the sample classification of classes of enlistment and their tendering limits, Class-I (Super) carries a limit of Rs 650 crore, Class-I (AAA) Rs 260 crore, Class-I (AA) Rs 130 crore and Class-I (A) Rs 75 crore; the monetary limits are fixed in view of bankers' reports, the capacity and capability of the firm, and the financial information in its balance sheets. <br> 'Class-I (Super) Rs 650 crore.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 590,\r\n    chapter: 'MONETARY THRESHOLDS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II in the sample classification of enlistment classes:\\nList I (Class of enlistment)\\n(P) Class-I\\n(Q) Class-II\\n(R) Class-III\\n(S) Class-V\\nList II (Tendering limit)\\n(1) Rs 40 lakh\\n(2) Rs 4 crore\\n(3) Rs 15 crore\\n(4) Rs 50 crore\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.6-8.<\/b> In the sample classification, Class-I carries a tendering limit of Rs 50 crore, Class-II Rs 15 crore, Class-III Rs 4 crore, Class-IV Rs 1.30 crore and Class-V Rs 40 lakh; enlistment is by class of firm based on its capability to execute contracts of different monetary limits in the relevant category. <br> 'Class-II Rs 15 crore.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 591,\r\n    chapter: 'MONETARY THRESHOLDS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Provision)\\n(P) Restriction on inviting a Global Tender Enquiry\\n(Q) Aggregate annual payments above which an online bill-monitoring system is mandatory\\n(R) Value of the dispute below which arbitration may as a norm be restricted\\n(S) Tendering limit of a Class-II contractor\\nList II (Threshold)\\n(1) Rs 10 crore\\n(2) Rs 15 crore\\n(3) Rs 100 crore\\n(4) Rs 200 crore\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-1, R-3, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 3.8.2-1, 7.5.2, 7.7.5-4(b) and 8.6-8.<\/b> No Global Tender Enquiry shall be invited up to Rs 200 crore; an online bill-monitoring system is mandatory for project executing authorities implementing works contracts involving aggregate payments of more than Rs 100 crore per annum; arbitration, as a norm, may be restricted to disputes with a value less than Rs 10 crore; and a Class-II contractor's tendering limit is Rs 15 crore. <br> 'arbitration (if included in contracts) may be restricted to disputes with a value less than Rs. 10 crores.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 592,\r\n    chapter: 'MONETARY THRESHOLDS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Provision)\\n(P) Estimated value below which a procurement is exempt from the Make in India Order\\n(Q) Procurements exceeding which the Open Tender Enquiry mode should be adopted in works\\n(R) Repair works up to which liquidated damages are one per cent of contract value per week\\n(S) Tendering limit of a Class-V contractor\\nList II (Threshold)\\n(1) Rs 5 lakh\\n(2) Rs 10 lakh\\n(3) Rs 20 lakh\\n(4) Rs 40 lakh\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 1.11.2-5, 3.7-2(a), 7.4.7-3 and 8.6-8.<\/b> Procurements where the estimated value is less than Rs 5 lakh are exempt from the Make in India Order; the Open Tender Enquiry mode should be adopted for procurements exceeding Rs 10 lakh in works procurement; liquidated damages are one per cent per week for repair works costing up to Rs 20 lakh; and the tendering limit of a Class-V contractor is Rs 40 lakh. <br> 'Procurements exceeding the threshold of Rs. 10 lakhs (Rupees Ten Lakh) in works procurement.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 593,\r\n    chapter: 'MONETARY THRESHOLDS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II in the suggested structure of the Schedule of Procurement Powers:\\nList I (Item)\\n(P) Slab 1 of the suggested Tender Committee structure\\n(Q) Slab 2 of the suggested Tender Committee structure\\n(R) Slab 3 of the suggested Tender Committee structure\\n(S) Tendering limit of a Class-IV contractor\\nList II (Value)\\n(1) Rs 1.30 crore\\n(2) Rs 10 lakh to Rs 50 lakh\\n(3) Rs 50 lakh to Rs 2 crore\\n(4) Rs 2 crore to Rs 25 crore\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-4, R-3, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Annexure 2; Para 8.6-8.<\/b> In the suggested structure of the Schedule of Procurement Powers, Slab 1 covers Rs 10 lakh to Rs 50 lakh with a Level 2 officers' Tender Committee, Slab 2 covers Rs 50 lakh to Rs 2 crore with a Level 3 officers' Committee, and Slab 3 covers Rs 2 crore to Rs 25 crore with a Level 4 officers' Committee; the tendering limit of a Class-IV contractor in the sample enlistment classification is Rs 1.30 crore. <br> 'Slab 1 (Rs 10 Lakh to 50 Lakh)...Slab 2 (Rs 50 Lakh to 2 Crore)...Slab 3 (Rs 2 Crore 25 Crore).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 594,\r\n    chapter: 'MONETARY THRESHOLDS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Provision)\\n(P) Estimated value above which no Tender Committee member may report directly to another member\\n(Q) Repair contracts treated as small value contracts for relaxed credentials\\n(R) Tendering limit of a Class-I (A) contractor\\n(S) Tendering limit of a Class-I (AA) contractor\\nList II (Threshold)\\n(1) Rs 50 lakh\\n(2) Rs 60 lakh\\n(3) Rs 75 crore\\n(4) Rs 130 crore\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 6.2.1-3, 4.2.6-3 and 8.6-8.<\/b> Where the estimated value of the procurement exceeds Rs 50 lakh, no member of the Tender Committee nor the accepting authority should report directly to any other member of that Committee; relaxed credentials are permitted in small value contracts such as repair contracts up to Rs 60 lakh; and the tendering limits of Class-I (A) and Class-I (AA) contractors are Rs 75 crore and Rs 130 crore respectively. <br> 'no member of the tender committee...should be reporting directly to any other member of such committee in case estimated value of the procurement exceeds Rs. 50 lakhs.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 595,\r\n    chapter: 'MONETARY THRESHOLDS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Provision)\\n(P) Value of procurement above which a local content certificate from a statutory or cost auditor is required\\n(Q) Aggregate annual payments above which an online bill-monitoring system is mandatory\\n(R) Tendering limit of a Class-I contractor\\n(S) Tendering limit of a Class-I (AAA) contractor\\nList II (Threshold)\\n(1) Rs 10 crore\\n(2) Rs 50 crore\\n(3) Rs 100 crore\\n(4) Rs 260 crore\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 1.11.2-9(b), 7.5.2 and 8.6-8.<\/b> In cases of procurement exceeding Rs 10 crore, the Class-I or Class-II local supplier must provide a certificate from the statutory or cost auditor giving the percentage of local content; an online bill-monitoring system is mandatory where aggregate payments exceed Rs 100 crore per annum; and the tendering limits of Class-I and Class-I (AAA) contractors are Rs 50 crore and Rs 260 crore respectively. <br> 'In cases of procurement for a value in excess of Rs. 10 crores, the Class-I local supplier...shall be required to provide a certificate from the statutory auditor or cost auditor.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 596,\r\n    chapter: 'MONETARY THRESHOLDS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Provision)\\n(P) Bid security exceeding which it may be required as a bank guarantee from a scheduled bank in India\\n(Q) Limited Tender Enquiry mode in works procurement\\n(R) Cases up to which a comparative statement of quotations need not be prepared\\n(S) Tendering limit of a Class-III contractor\\nList II (Threshold)\\n(1) Rs 5 lakh\\n(2) Rs 10 lakh\\n(3) Rs 50 lakh\\n(4) Rs 4 crore\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.1.1-3, 3.6-3(c), 6.1.3 and 8.6-8.<\/b> Where bid security exceeds the threshold of Rs 5 lakh it may be furnished as a bank guarantee issued or confirmed by a scheduled bank in India; the Limited Tender Enquiry mode applies up to Rs 10 lakh; a comparative statement of quotations is not required in cases up to Rs 50 lakh; and a Class-III contractor's tendering limit is Rs 4 crore. <br> 'In case the bid security is more than a threshold (Rupees five lakh)...it may be in the form of a bank guarantee.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 597,\r\n    chapter: 'MONETARY THRESHOLDS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II in the sample classification of enlistment classes:\\nList I (Class of enlistment)\\n(P) Class-V\\n(Q) Class-IV\\n(R) Class-III\\n(S) Class-II\\nList II (Tendering limit)\\n(1) Rs 40 lakh\\n(2) Rs 1.30 crore\\n(3) Rs 4 crore\\n(4) Rs 15 crore\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.6-8.<\/b> In the sample classification of classes of enlistment, the tendering limits ascend from Class-V at Rs 40 lakh, to Class-IV at Rs 1.30 crore, Class-III at Rs 4 crore and Class-II at Rs 15 crore, above which Class-I begins at Rs 50 crore. <br> 'Class-IV Rs 1.30 crore.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 598,\r\n    chapter: 'MONETARY THRESHOLDS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Provision)\\n(P) Value of tenders above which a lower percentage from the performance security band may be adopted\\n(Q) Value of the dispute below which arbitration may as a norm be restricted\\n(R) Restriction on inviting a Global Tender Enquiry\\n(S) Tendering limit of a Class-I (Super) contractor\\nList II (Threshold)\\n(1) Rs 10 crore\\n(2) Rs 50 crore\\n(3) Rs 200 crore\\n(4) Rs 650 crore\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.1.2-1, 7.7.5-4(b), 3.8.2-1 and 8.6-8.<\/b> In higher value tenders, say above Rs 50 crore, a lower percentage from the three-to-ten per cent performance security band may be adopted; arbitration may as a norm be restricted to disputes valued at less than Rs 10 crore; no Global Tender Enquiry shall be invited up to Rs 200 crore; and the tendering limit of a Class-I (Super) contractor is Rs 650 crore. <br> 'No Global Tender Enquiry (GTE) shall be invited up to Rs. 200 crores.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 599,\r\n    chapter: 'MONETARY THRESHOLDS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to modes of procurement is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Limited Tender Enquiry mode in works procurement \u2014 up to Rs 10 lakh\",\r\n      \"Repair contracts treated as small value contracts for relaxed credentials \u2014 up to Rs 25 lakh\",\r\n      \"Restriction on inviting a Global Tender Enquiry \u2014 up to Rs 200 crore\",\r\n      \"Direct acceptance threshold below which a Tender Committee is not required \u2014 Rs 50 lakh\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 3.6-3(c), 6.2.1-1, 3.8.2-1 and 4.2.6-3.<\/b> Relaxed credentials, under which General Construction Experience, Particular Construction Experience and Available Bid Capacity may not be insisted upon, are permitted in small value contracts such as repair contracts up to Rs 60 lakh, not Rs 25 lakh. The other three pairings are correct. <br> 'in small value contracts (e.g. repair contracts upto Rs. 60 lakh).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 600,\r\n    chapter: 'MONETARY THRESHOLDS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs of enlistment class and tendering limit in the higher classes is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Class-I (Super) \u2014 Rs 650 crore\",\r\n      \"Class-I (A) \u2014 Rs 100 crore\",\r\n      \"Class-I (AA) \u2014 Rs 130 crore\",\r\n      \"Class-I (AAA) \u2014 Rs 260 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.6-8.<\/b> The tendering limit of a Class-I (A) contractor in the sample classification is Rs 75 crore, not Rs 100 crore. The other three pairings are correct \u2014 Class-I (Super) Rs 650 crore, Class-I (AAA) Rs 260 crore and Class-I (AA) Rs 130 crore. <br> 'Class-I (A) Rs 75 crore.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 601,\r\n    chapter: 'MONETARY THRESHOLDS',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs of enlistment class and tendering limit in the lower classes is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Class-I \u2014 Rs 50 crore\",\r\n      \"Class-II \u2014 Rs 15 crore\",\r\n      \"Class-III \u2014 Rs 4 crore\",\r\n      \"Class-IV \u2014 Rs 2 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Para 8.6-8.<\/b> The tendering limit of a Class-IV contractor in the sample classification is Rs 1.30 crore, not Rs 2 crore. The other three pairings are correct \u2014 Class-I Rs 50 crore, Class-II Rs 15 crore and Class-III Rs 4 crore, with Class-V at Rs 40 lakh. <br> 'Class-IV Rs 1.30 crore.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 602,\r\n    chapter: 'MONETARY THRESHOLDS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to securities and small value works is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Bid security exceeding which it may be furnished as a bank guarantee \u2014 Rs 5 lakh\",\r\n      \"Cases up to which a comparative statement of quotations need not be prepared \u2014 Rs 25 lakh\",\r\n      \"Repair works up to which liquidated damages are one per cent per week \u2014 Rs 20 lakh\",\r\n      \"Tendering limit of a Class-V contractor \u2014 Rs 40 lakh\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.1.1-3, 7.4.7-3, 6.1.3 and 8.6-8.<\/b> A comparative statement of quotations need not be prepared in cases up to Rs 50 lakh, not Rs 25 lakh. The other three pairings are correct \u2014 bid security above Rs 5 lakh may be furnished as a bank guarantee, one per cent per week liquidated damages apply to repair works up to Rs 20 lakh, and the Class-V tendering limit is Rs 40 lakh. <br> 'Except in cases upto Rs 50 Lakh (Rupees Fifty Lakh) the Procuring Entity should prepare a comparative statement of quotations.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 603,\r\n    chapter: 'MONETARY THRESHOLDS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to high value procurements and disputes is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Value of the dispute below which arbitration may as a norm be restricted \u2014 Rs 25 crore\",\r\n      \"Aggregate annual payments above which an online bill-monitoring system is mandatory \u2014 Rs 100 crore\",\r\n      \"Restriction on inviting a Global Tender Enquiry \u2014 up to Rs 200 crore\",\r\n      \"Value of procurement above which a local content certificate from an auditor is required \u2014 Rs 10 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 3.8.2-1, 7.5.2, 7.7.5-4(b) and 1.11.2-9(b).<\/b> Arbitration, as a norm, may be restricted to disputes with a value less than Rs 10 crore, not Rs 25 crore, that figure being the value of the dispute inclusive of claims and counterclaims and not of the contract. The other three pairings are correct. <br> 'arbitration (if included in contracts) may be restricted to disputes with a value less than Rs. 10 crores.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 604,\r\n    chapter: 'MONETARY THRESHOLDS',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to tendering modes and committee thresholds is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Procurements exceeding which the Open Tender Enquiry mode should be adopted in works \u2014 Rs 10 lakh\",\r\n      \"Estimated value above which no Tender Committee member may report directly to another \u2014 Rs 25 lakh\",\r\n      \"Estimated value below which a procurement is exempt from the Make in India Order \u2014 Rs 5 lakh\",\r\n      \"Special Limited Tender Enquiry mode, permissible for values higher than \u2014 Rs 10 lakh\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 3.7-2(a), 3.11, 1.11.2-5 and 6.2.1-3.<\/b> The restriction that no Tender Committee member, nor the accepting authority, may report directly to any other member applies where the estimated value of the procurement exceeds Rs 50 lakh, not Rs 25 lakh. The other three pairings are correct. <br> 'in case estimated value of the procurement exceeds Rs. 50 lakhs.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 605,\r\n    chapter: 'MONETARY THRESHOLDS',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to the Schedule of Procurement Powers slabs is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Slab 1 of the suggested Tender Committee structure \u2014 Rs 10 lakh to Rs 50 lakh\",\r\n      \"Slab 2 of the suggested Tender Committee structure \u2014 Rs 50 lakh to Rs 2 crore\",\r\n      \"Slab 3 of the suggested Tender Committee structure \u2014 Rs 2 crore to Rs 15 crore\",\r\n      \"Slab 3 of the suggested Tender Committee structure, acceptance of tenders \u2014 by a Level 5 officer\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Annexure 2; Para 8.6-8.<\/b> Slab 3 of the suggested Tender Committee structure covers Rs 2 crore to Rs 25 crore, not Rs 15 crore; the figure of Rs 15 crore is the tendering limit of a Class-II contractor in the sample enlistment classification. The other three pairings are correct, Slab 3 tenders being accepted by a Level 5 officer. <br> 'Slab 3 (Rs 2 Crore 25 Crore) - Level 4 officers\u2019 TC acceptance by Level 5 Officer.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 606,\r\n    chapter: 'MONETARY THRESHOLDS',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to enlistment limits and contract value thresholds is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Tendering limit of a Class-V contractor \u2014 Rs 40 lakh\",\r\n      \"Repair contracts treated as small value contracts for relaxed credentials \u2014 up to Rs 60 lakh\",\r\n      \"Tendering limit of a Class-I (Super) contractor \u2014 Rs 450 crore\",\r\n      \"Value of tenders above which a lower percentage from the performance security band may be adopted \u2014 Rs 50 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 8.6-8, 4.2.6-3 and 5.1.2-1.<\/b> The tendering limit of a Class-I (Super) contractor in the sample classification is Rs 650 crore, not Rs 450 crore. The other three pairings are correct \u2014 Class-V Rs 40 lakh, relaxed credentials for repair contracts up to Rs 60 lakh, and a lower performance security percentage in tenders above Rs 50 crore. <br> 'Class-I (Super) Rs 650 crore.'\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  \/\/ AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT   (ids 607-626)\r\n  \/\/ ---------------------------------------------------------------\r\n  {\r\n    id: 607,\r\n    chapter: 'AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Action)\\n(P) Approval of the threshold value of procurements in which the Integrity Pact is incorporated\\n(Q) Approval for appointment of Independent External Monitors\\n(R) Approval for constitution of a Tender Committee\\n(S) Nomination of the finance member of the Tender Committee\\nList II (Authority)\\n(1) Central Vigilance Commission\\n(2) Financial Adviser\\n(3) Minister in charge\\n(4) Authority one level higher than the competent authority\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-1, R-3, S-2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 8.3-2, 6.2.1-5, 6.2.1-2; Integrity Pact Section 8-1.<\/b> The nature and threshold value of procurements in which the Integrity Pact is incorporated is decided with the approval of the Minister in charge; Independent External Monitors are appointed after approval by the Central Vigilance Commission; Tender committees may be constituted with the approval of one level higher than the competent authority; and the finance member of the Committee is nominated by the Financial Adviser. <br> 'Tender committees may be constituted with the approval of one level higher than the competent authority.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 608,\r\n    chapter: 'AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Action)\\n(P) Approval of exemption from mandatory electronic publishing on grounds of national security in a Ministry\\n(Q) Intimation of quarterly statistics of such exemptions and the value of contracts\\n(R) Filing of information for further processing in cases of anti-competitive practices\\n(S) Submission of the report on awards made on nomination basis\\nList II (Authority)\\n(1) Competition Commission of India\\n(2) Department of Expenditure\\n(3) Secretary of the Ministry with the concurrence of the Financial Adviser\\n(4) Secretary, Board or Chief Executive\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-2, R-4, S-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 4.3-2, 8.2.4-3(b) and 3.12-3.<\/b> Exemption from mandatory electronic publishing on national security grounds is approved by the Secretary of the Ministry or Department with the concurrence of the concerned Financial Adviser; statistics of such cases are intimated quarterly to the Department of Expenditure; information in cases of anti-competitive practices is filed with the Competition Commission of India; and the report on awards made on nomination basis is submitted to the Secretary, Board or Chief Executive. <br> 'should be approved by the Secretary of the Ministry\/ Department with the concurrence of the concerned Financial Advisor.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 609,\r\n    chapter: 'AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Action in the debarment process)\\n(P) Competent authority to debar firms, as nominated by the Secretary\\n(Q) Appellate authority against a debarment order of a Ministry or Department\\n(R) Authority to whom a proposal for debarment across all Ministries is forwarded\\n(S) Approval for revocation of a debarment ordered by a Central Public Sector Enterprise\\nList II (Authority)\\n(1) Department of Expenditure\\n(2) Officer of Joint Secretary or Additional Secretary rank\\n(3) Secretary of the Ministry or Department\\n(4) Competent authority not below a board-level officer\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 8.7.2-3(d), 8.7.2-3(i)(vi), 8.7.2-5(b) and 8.7.2-6(b).<\/b> The Secretary may nominate an officer of Joint Secretary or Additional Secretary rank as competent authority to debar firms; the appellate authority is the Secretary of the Ministry or Department; a proposal for debarment across all Ministries is forwarded to the Department of Expenditure after the Secretary's approval; and revocation of a debarment ordered by a Central Public Sector Enterprise requires approval of a competent authority not below a board-level officer. <br> 'Secretary of Ministry\/Department may nominate an officer at the rank of Joint Secretary\/Additional Secretary as competent authority to debar the firms.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 610,\r\n    chapter: 'AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Function)\\n(P) Officer to whom an application for review is made where none is named in the tender documents\\n(Q) Authority to whom a grievance received during processing of the tender is forwarded\\n(R) Authority to whom the status report on monitoring of a work is submitted\\n(S) Nodal person appointed for the management of each specific contract\\nList II (Authority)\\n(1) Contract Manager\\n(2) Head of the Procuring Entity\\n(3) Secretary of the Ministry or Department\\n(4) Tender Committee or its Convener\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-4, R-3, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 8.4-2, 8.4-6, 7.2.2-3.<\/b> An application for review is made to the designated officer named in the tender documents or, if not so specified, the Head of the Procuring Entity; a grievance received during processing is forwarded to the Tender Committee or its Convener; the status report on monitoring of the work is submitted to the Secretary in charge of the Ministry or Department; and the nodal person for management of each specific contract is generically called the Contract Manager. <br> 'a status report should be submitted to the Secretary in charge of the concerned Ministry\/ Department.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 611,\r\n    chapter: 'AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Action under the Integrity Pact)\\n(P) Authority to be informed by the Principal on substantive suspicion of corruption\\n(Q) Authority to whom an Independent External Monitor may transmit information directly on inaction by the management\\n(R) Authority that nominates Independent External Monitors from its empanelled list\\n(S) Authority approving the threshold value for incorporating the Integrity Pact\\nList II (Authority)\\n(1) Central Vigilance Commission\\n(2) Central Vigilance Commissioner\\n(3) Chief Vigilance Officer\\n(4) Minister in charge\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Integrity Pact Sections 7, 8-8, 8-1; Annex-2 para 1(i); Para 8.3-2.<\/b> On substantive suspicion of corruption the Principal informs the Chief Vigilance Officer; where the management fails to act within a reasonable time, the Monitor may transmit the information directly to the Central Vigilance Commissioner; Monitors are nominated by the Central Vigilance Commission from its empanelled list; and the threshold value for incorporating the Pact is approved by the Minister in charge. <br> 'the Monitor may also transmit this information directly to the Central Vigilance Commissioner.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 612,\r\n    chapter: 'AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Body or person)\\n(P) Composition of the Bid Opening Committee in off-line tenders\\n(Q) Composition of the Tender Committee, normally\\n(R) Authority that issues the Interim Payment Certificate\\n(S) Body formed in every work centre to control the quality of work\\nList II (Description)\\n(1) One officer each from the procuring entity and associated finance\\n(2) Three members including a finance member and a representative of the user\\n(3) The engineer\\n(4) Quality Assurance Cell\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 4.13-2, 6.2.1-2, 5.2-3 and 7.3.1-5.<\/b> In off-line tenders the Bid Opening Committee comprises one officer each from the procuring entity and associated or integrated finance; the Tender Committee should normally comprise three members including a finance member nominated by the Financial Adviser and a representative of the user; the engineer issues the Interim Payment Certificate on which interim monthly payments are made; and a Quality Assurance Cell is formed in every work centre. <br> 'the Bid Opening Committee (BOC) shall comprise one officer each from the procuring entity and associated\/ integrated finance.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 613,\r\n    chapter: 'AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Action)\\n(P) Approval for deploying professionals from outside agencies in the Quality Assurance Cell\\n(Q) Grant of extension of time beyond a specified threshold value of contract\\n(R) Decision whether to invite fresh tenders or to negotiate, and with whom\\n(S) Approval permitting acceptance of a bid with deviations in a Single Tender Enquiry\\nList II (Authority)\\n(1) Competent authority\\n(2) Competent Financial Authority\\n(3) Next higher authority\\n(4) Tender accepting authority on the Tender Committee's recommendation\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-4, R-3, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-4, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 7.3.1-5, 7.4.6-9, 6.4.10-3 and 6.3.4-3.<\/b> Deploying professionals from outside agencies in the Quality Assurance Cell requires approval of the competent authority; extension of time beyond a specified threshold value of contract may be granted by the next higher authority; the decision whether to invite fresh tenders or to negotiate and with whom is made by the tender accepting authority on the Tender Committee's recommendation; and bids with deviations may be accepted in a Single Tender Enquiry with the approval of the Competent Financial Authority. <br> 'bids with deviations may be accepted in the case of STE procurement with approval of Competent Financial Authority.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 614,\r\n    chapter: 'AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Action)\\n(P) Relaxation from the mandatory online bill-monitoring instruction for a Ministry or Department\\n(Q) Relaxation from that instruction for a Central Public Sector Enterprise\\n(R) Forum to which a dispute involving a Micro or Small Enterprise may be referred\\n(S) Sanction of exemption from publishing award details on commercial or security grounds\\nList II (Authority)\\n(1) Board of Directors\\n(2) Micro and Small Enterprises Facilitation Council\\n(3) Ministry of Finance\\n(4) Secretary of the Department with the concurrence of associated Finance\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 7.5.2 (Note), 7.7.5-3 and 6.5.2-2.<\/b> Deviation from the mandatory online bill-monitoring instruction requires relaxation from the Ministry of Finance for Ministries and Departments and from the Board of Directors for Central Public Sector Enterprises; a dispute where one party is a Micro or Small Enterprise may be referred to the Micro and Small Enterprises Facilitation Council; and dispensation from publishing award results on commercial or security grounds is sanctioned by the Secretary of the Department with the concurrence of associated Finance. <br> 'shall require relaxation from Ministry of Finance...or from the Board of Directors (for Central Public Sector Enterprises).'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 615,\r\n    chapter: 'AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Function)\\n(P) Appellate authority in matters of enlistment of contractors\\n(Q) Body that may be required to check at least ten per cent of awards made on nomination basis\\n(R) Authority approving the bid document before the tender is floated\\n(S) Level of officer whose signature is required to file information on anti-competitive practices\\nList II (Authority)\\n(1) At least one level above the registering authority\\n(2) Audit committee\\n(3) Competent authority\\n(4) Joint Secretary level officer\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 8.6-5, 3.12-3, 4.2 and 8.2.4-3(b).<\/b> The appellate authority in enlistment matters shall be at least one level above the registering authority; the audit committee may be required to check at least ten per cent of awards made on nomination basis; the bid document is approved by the competent authority before floating the tender; and information on anti-competitive practices is filed under the signature of a Joint Secretary level officer. <br> 'The appellate authority shall be at least one level above the registering authority.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 616,\r\n    chapter: 'AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Function)\\n(P) Approval of exemption from mandatory electronic publishing in an autonomous body\\n(Q) Authority to whom the Principal reports substantive suspicion of corruption\\n(R) Authority that may debar bidders on its own portal for up to two years\\n(S) Authority maintaining the list of firms debarred across all Ministries\\nList II (Authority)\\n(1) Chief Vigilance Officer\\n(2) Department of Expenditure\\n(3) Government e-Marketplace\\n(4) Head of the body with the concurrence of the Head of Finance\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-1, Q-4, R-2, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-1, R-3, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 4.3-2, 8.7.2-4, 8.7.2-5(c); Integrity Pact Section 7.<\/b> In the case of autonomous and statutory bodies, exemption from mandatory electronic publishing requires approval of the head of the body with the concurrence of the head of finance; the Principal reports substantive suspicion of corruption to the Chief Vigilance Officer; the Government e-Marketplace may debar bidders on its portal for up to two years; and the list of firms debarred across all Ministries is maintained by the Department of Expenditure on the Central Public Procurement Portal. <br> 'approval of the Head of the Body with the concurrence of the Head of the Finance should be obtained.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 617,\r\n    chapter: 'AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Function)\\n(P) Source from which a bank guarantee is to be verified before its acceptance\\n(Q) Section to which financial instruments noted at bid opening are handed over for safe custody\\n(R) Approval for constitution of a Tender Committee\\n(S) Authority to whom the actual date of completion is reported within seven days\\nList II (Authority)\\n(1) Competent authority\\n(2) Finance section\\n(3) The issuing bank\\n(4) Authority one level higher than the competent authority\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-2, R-4, S-1\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 5.1.4-1, 4.13-4(h), 6.2.1-5 and 7.4.7-2.<\/b> Bank guarantees submitted as security are to be immediately verified from the issuing bank before acceptance; financial instruments noted in the bid opening report are handed over to the Finance section for safe custody and monitoring; Tender committees are constituted with the approval of one level higher than the competent authority; and the actual date of completion is to reach the concerned competent authority within seven days. <br> 'need to be immediately verified from the issuing bank before acceptance.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 618,\r\n    chapter: 'AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, match List I with List II:\\nList I (Function)\\n(P) Debarment of firms\\n(Q) Enlistment of Indian agents quoting directly on behalf of their foreign principals\\n(R) Body that monitors the progress of a work on a quarterly or monthly basis\\n(S) Person generically responsible for management of each specific contract\\nList II (Description)\\n(1) An executive function, not to be allocated to the Vigilance Department\\n(2) Contract Manager\\n(3) Ministries and Departments\\n(4) Works Committee\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-4, S-2\",\r\n      \"P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 8.7.2-3(h), 8.8, 7.2.2-3.<\/b> Debarment is an executive function and should not be allocated to the Vigilance Department; Ministries and Departments, if they so require, may enlist Indian agents who desire to quote directly on behalf of their foreign principals; the work is monitored on a quarterly or monthly basis by the Works Committee; and the nodal person for management of each specific contract is generically referred to as the Contract Manager. <br> 'Debarment is an executive function and should not be allocated to Vigilance Department.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 619,\r\n    chapter: 'AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to the Integrity Pact is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Authority to whom a Monitor may report directly where the management does not act \u2014 Comptroller and Auditor General\",\r\n      \"Approval of the threshold value for incorporating the Integrity Pact \u2014 Minister in charge\",\r\n      \"Authority informed by the Principal on substantive suspicion of corruption \u2014 Chief Vigilance Officer\",\r\n      \"Approval for appointment of Independent External Monitors \u2014 Central Vigilance Commission\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Integrity Pact Sections 8-1, 7, 8-8; Para 8.3-2.<\/b> Where the management of the Principal has not taken visible action within a reasonable time, the Independent External Monitor may transmit the information directly to the Central Vigilance Commissioner, not to the Comptroller and Auditor General. The other three pairings are correct. <br> 'the Monitor may also transmit this information directly to the Central Vigilance Commissioner.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 620,\r\n    chapter: 'AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to the debarment process is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Appellate authority against a debarment order of a Ministry \u2014 Secretary of the Ministry or Department\",\r\n      \"Competent authority to debar firms, as nominated by the Secretary \u2014 Joint Secretary or Additional Secretary rank officer\",\r\n      \"Authority to whom a proposal for debarment across all Ministries is forwarded \u2014 Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Allocation of the debarment function within the organisation \u2014 the Vigilance Department\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 8.7.2-3(i)(vi), 8.7.2-3(d), 8.7.2-5(b) and 8.7.2-3(h).<\/b> Debarment is an executive function and should not be allocated to the Vigilance Department. The other three pairings are correct \u2014 the Secretary is the appellate authority, an officer of Joint Secretary or Additional Secretary rank may be nominated as competent authority, and proposals for debarment across all Ministries go to the Department of Expenditure. <br> 'Debarment is an executive function and should not be allocated to Vigilance Department.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 621,\r\n    chapter: 'AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to electronic publishing and anti-competitive practices is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Exemption from mandatory electronic publishing in a Ministry \u2014 Secretary with the concurrence of the Financial Adviser\",\r\n      \"Exemption from mandatory electronic publishing in an autonomous body \u2014 Head of the body with the concurrence of the Head of Finance\",\r\n      \"Filing of information in cases of anti-competitive practices \u2014 Central Vigilance Commission\",\r\n      \"Quarterly intimation of statistics of such exemptions \u2014 Department of Expenditure\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 4.3-2 and 8.2.4-3(b).<\/b> In cases of anti-competitive practices, information for further processing is filed with the Competition Commission of India under the signature of a Joint Secretary level officer, not with the Central Vigilance Commission. The other three pairings are correct. <br> 'information for further processing may be filed under a signature of the Joint Secretary level officer, with the Competition Commission of India.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 622,\r\n    chapter: 'AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to the constitution of committees is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Approval for constitution of a Tender Committee \u2014 one level higher than the competent authority\",\r\n      \"Nomination of the finance member of the Tender Committee \u2014 Financial Adviser\",\r\n      \"Composition of the Bid Opening Committee in off-line tenders \u2014 one officer each from the procuring entity and associated finance\",\r\n      \"Composition of the Tender Committee, normally \u2014 five members drawn wholly from the procuring entity\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 6.2.1-5, 6.2.1-2 and 4.13-2.<\/b> The Tender Committee should normally comprise three members, including a finance member nominated by the Financial Adviser and a representative of the user \u2014 not five members drawn wholly from the procuring entity. The other three pairings are correct. <br> 'TC should normally comprise three members including a finance member (nominated by the Financial Advisor) and a representative of the user.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 623,\r\n    chapter: 'AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to monitoring and quality assurance is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Deployment of professionals from outside agencies in the Quality Assurance Cell \u2014 no approval is required\",\r\n      \"Nodal person appointed for management of each specific contract \u2014 Contract Manager\",\r\n      \"Body that monitors the progress of a work quarterly or monthly \u2014 Works Committee\",\r\n      \"Authority to whom the status report on monitoring of a work is submitted \u2014 Secretary of the Ministry or Department\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 7.2.2-3 and 7.3.1-5.<\/b> Where qualified professionals or engineers are not available in-house, the approval of the competent authority has to be taken for deploying professionals from outside agencies in the Quality Assurance Cell. The other three pairings are correct. <br> 'then the approval of competent authority shall have to be taken for deploying professionals from outside agencies.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 624,\r\n    chapter: 'AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT',\r\n    question: \"In the context of the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to relaxations and dispute forums is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Relaxation from the online bill-monitoring instruction for a Ministry \u2014 Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"Relaxation from that instruction for a Central Public Sector Enterprise \u2014 Board of Directors\",\r\n      \"Reference of a dispute involving a Micro or Small Enterprise \u2014 Micro and Small Enterprises Facilitation Council\",\r\n      \"Sanction of exemption from publishing award details on commercial grounds \u2014 Central Vigilance Commission\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 7.5.2 (Note), 7.7.5-3 and 6.5.2-2.<\/b> Dispensation from publishing award results, where publication is sensitive on commercial or security grounds, is sanctioned by the Secretary of the Department with the concurrence of associated Finance, not by the Central Vigilance Commission. The other three pairings are correct. <br> 'by obtaining sanction from the Secretary of the Department with the concurrence of associated Finance.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 625,\r\n    chapter: 'AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT',\r\n    question: \"As per the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to grievance redressal and enlistment is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Application for review where no officer is named in the tender documents \u2014 Head of the Procuring Entity\",\r\n      \"Grievance received during processing of the tender \u2014 Tender Committee or its Convener\",\r\n      \"Grievance received after declaration of the award \u2014 Chief Vigilance Officer\",\r\n      \"Appellate authority in matters of enlistment of contractors \u2014 at least one level above the registering authority\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 8.4-2, 8.4-6, 8.6-5 and 8.4-7.<\/b> A grievance received after declaration of the award is forwarded by the designated officer to the Competent Authority of the tender for examination on merits and must be closed within 30 days, not to the Chief Vigilance Officer. The other three pairings are correct. <br> 'the designated officer shall forward the same to the CA of the tender for examination on merits.'\"\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    id: 626,\r\n    chapter: 'AUTHORITIES \/ WHO-DOES-WHAT',\r\n    question: \"Under the Manual for Procurement of Works, 2025, which one of the following pairs relating to approvals during evaluation and execution is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Decision whether to invite fresh tenders or to negotiate, and with whom \u2014 tender accepting authority on the Tender Committee's recommendation\",\r\n      \"Verification of a bank guarantee before its acceptance \u2014 the Financial Adviser\",\r\n      \"Grant of extension of time beyond a specified threshold value of contract \u2014 next higher authority\",\r\n      \"Approval permitting acceptance of a bid with deviations in a Single Tender Enquiry \u2014 Competent Financial Authority\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Paras 6.4.10-3, 6.3.4-3, 7.4.6-9 and 5.1.4-1.<\/b> Bank guarantees submitted as bid security or performance security are to be immediately verified from the issuing bank before acceptance, not by the Financial Adviser; indeed no legal or finance vetting may be needed where the guarantee is in the specified format. The other three pairings are correct. <br> 'need to be immediately verified from the issuing bank before acceptance.'\"\r\n  }\r\n];\r\n\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ STATE\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nlet initDone = false;\r\nlet currentMode = 'all';\r\nlet currentFilter = null;\r\nlet filteredQuestions = [...allQuestions];\r\nlet currentQuestionIndex = 0;\r\nlet selectedOption = null;\r\nlet answerChecked = false;\r\nlet sessionStats = { attempted: 0, correct: 0, incorrect: 0 };\r\nlet sessionStartTs = Date.now();\r\nlet sessionAnswers = {};\r\nlet progress = { questionStats: {}, weakAreas: [], lastQuestionId: null, lastMode: 'all', lastFilter: null, attemptLog: [] };\r\n\r\nconst $id = (x) => document.getElementById(x);\r\nconst CHAPTERS = [...new Set(allQuestions.map(q => q.chapter))];\r\n\/\/ Case-insensitive helpers: work for \"Ch 1:\", \"CH 1:\", \"ch 1:\" alike.\r\nconst chShort = (c) => c.replace(\/^CH\\s*(\\d+):.*$\/i, 'CH $1').replace('ANNEXURE\/Appendices', 'Annexures');\r\nconst chFull = (c) => { const m = c.match(\/^CH\\s*\\d+:\\s*(.+)$\/i); return m ? m[1] : c; };\r\n\/\/ One label, printed once (avoids the \"name: name\" doubling bug).\r\nconst chLabel = (c) => \/^CH\\s*\\d+:\/i.test(c) ? (chShort(c) + ': ' + chFull(c)) : c;\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ PERSISTENCE (localStorage)\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction loadProgress() {\r\n    try {\r\n        const saved = localStorage.getItem('quiz_progress_' + quizConfig.quizId);\r\n        if (saved) {\r\n            const p = JSON.parse(saved);\r\n            progress = Object.assign(progress, p);\r\n            if (!progress.questionStats) progress.questionStats = {};\r\n            if (!Array.isArray(progress.weakAreas)) progress.weakAreas = [];\r\n            if (!Array.isArray(progress.attemptLog)) progress.attemptLog = [];\r\n        }\r\n    } catch (e) { console.warn('Progress load failed', e); }\r\n}\r\nfunction saveProgress() {\r\n    try {\r\n        if (progress.attemptLog.length > 500) progress.attemptLog = progress.attemptLog.slice(-500);\r\n        localStorage.setItem('quiz_progress_' + quizConfig.quizId, JSON.stringify(progress));\r\n    } catch (e) { console.warn('Progress save failed', e); }\r\n}\r\nfunction getQStat(qid) {\r\n    if (!progress.questionStats[qid]) progress.questionStats[qid] = { correct: 0, incorrect: 0, lastAttempt: null, lastCorrect: null };\r\n    return progress.questionStats[qid];\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ TOAST\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nlet toastTimer = null;\r\nfunction showToast(msg, type) {\r\n    const t = $id('warningToast');\r\n    $id('toastMessage').textContent = msg;\r\n    t.classList.toggle('success', type === 'success');\r\n    t.classList.add('show');\r\n    clearTimeout(toastTimer);\r\n    toastTimer = setTimeout(() => t.classList.remove('show'), 2600);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ TAB NAVIGATION\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction switchView(view) {\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('.cwq-portal .gp-tab').forEach(b => b.classList.toggle('active', b.dataset.view === view));\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('.cwq-portal .gp-view').forEach(v => v.classList.toggle('active', v.id === 'view-' + view));\r\n    if (view === 'performance') renderAI();\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ MODE \/ FILTERS\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction setMode(mode, filter) {\r\n    currentMode = mode;\r\n    currentFilter = filter || null;\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('.cwq-portal .mode-tab').forEach(t => t.classList.toggle('active', t.dataset.mode === mode));\r\n    $id('chapterFilterCard').style.display = (mode === 'chapter') ? '' : 'none';\r\n    $id('weakAreasCard').style.display = (mode === 'weak') ? '' : 'none';\r\n    applyFilters();\r\n    progress.lastMode = mode; progress.lastFilter = currentFilter; saveProgress();\r\n}\r\nfunction applyFilters() {\r\n    if (currentMode === 'all') filteredQuestions = [...allQuestions];\r\n    else if (currentMode === 'chapter') filteredQuestions = currentFilter ? allQuestions.filter(q => q.chapter === currentFilter) : [...allQuestions];\r\n    else if (currentMode === 'weak') {\r\n        filteredQuestions = allQuestions.filter(q => progress.weakAreas.includes(q.id));\r\n        if (!filteredQuestions.length) { showToast('No weak areas yet \u2014 great going!', 'success'); filteredQuestions = [...allQuestions]; setMode('all'); return; }\r\n    }\r\n    currentQuestionIndex = 0;\r\n    sessionStats = { attempted: 0, correct: 0, incorrect: 0 };\r\n    sessionStartTs = Date.now();\r\n    sessionAnswers = {};\r\n    renderFilters(); renderGrid(); loadQuestion(); updateStats();\r\n}\r\nfunction renderFilters() {\r\n    $id('chapterList').innerHTML = CHAPTERS.map(c => {\r\n        const n = allQuestions.filter(q => q.chapter === c).length;\r\n        return '<div class=\"filter-item' + (currentMode === 'chapter' && currentFilter === c ? ' active' : '') + '\" data-chapter=\"' + encodeURIComponent(c) + '\" title=\"' + c + '\"><span class=\"filter-text\">' + chLabel(c) + '<\/span><span class=\"filter-count\">' + n + '<\/span><\/div>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n    renderWeakList();\r\n}\r\nfunction renderWeakList() {\r\n    const list = $id('weakQuestionList');\r\n    const weak = allQuestions.filter(q => progress.weakAreas.includes(q.id));\r\n    list.innerHTML = weak.length ? weak.map(q => {\r\n        const s = getQStat(q.id);\r\n        return '<div class=\"weak-question-item\" data-goto=\"' + q.id + '\"><span class=\"q-num\">Q' + q.id + '<\/span><span class=\"q-text\">' + q.question.replace(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/gi, ' ').substring(0, 60) + '\u2026<\/span><span class=\"wrong-count\">' + s.incorrect + '\u2717<\/span><\/div>';\r\n    }).join('') : '<p style=\"font-size:12.5px;color:var(--mut);text-align:center;padding:14px 4px;\">No weak areas. Keep practising!<\/p>';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ QUESTION RENDERING\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction loadQuestion() {\r\n    const q = filteredQuestions[currentQuestionIndex];\r\n    if (!q) {\r\n        $id('questionText').innerHTML = '<b>No questions loaded yet.<\/b> Paste your question bank into the <code>allQuestions<\/code> array in this file (format documented at the array) and reload.';\r\n        $id('optionsList').innerHTML = '';\r\n        $id('questionNumber').textContent = 'Question 0 of 0';\r\n        return;\r\n    }\r\n    selectedOption = null; answerChecked = false;\r\n    $id('questionNumber').textContent = 'Question ' + (currentQuestionIndex + 1) + ' of ' + filteredQuestions.length;\r\n    $id('currentQuestionChapter').textContent = chLabel(q.chapter);\r\n    $id('weakBadge').style.display = progress.weakAreas.includes(q.id) ? '' : 'none';\r\n    $id('questionText').innerHTML = formatQuestion(q);\r\n    $id('explanationBox').classList.remove('show');\r\n    renderOptions(q);\r\n    renderMastery(q);\r\n    const prior = sessionAnswers[q.id];\r\n    if (prior !== undefined) revealAnswer(q, prior, true);\r\n    $id('prevBtn').disabled = currentQuestionIndex === 0;\r\n    $id('nextBtn').disabled = currentQuestionIndex === filteredQuestions.length - 1;\r\n    $id('checkBtn').disabled = prior !== undefined;\r\n    renderGrid();\r\n    progress.lastQuestionId = q.id; saveProgress();\r\n    if (initDone && window.innerWidth <= 900) {\r\n        const p = document.querySelector('.cwq-portal .question-panel');\r\n        if (p) p.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start' });\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\/\/ UPSC exam-paper formatting: numbered statements get their own spaced rows,\r\n\/\/ the \"Select the correct answer \/ Which of the above\" lead sits on its own line.\r\n\/\/ Splits on BOTH \"\\n\" and \"<br>\" so either style works in pasted data.\r\n\r\n\r\nfunction formatQuestion(q) {\r\n    const parts = q.question.split(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/i);\r\n    let html = '<span class=\"q-stem\"><b>Q.<\/b> ' + (parts[0] || '') + '<\/span>';\r\n \r\n    \/\/ accept  \"P.\"  \"(P)\"  \"P)\"   and   \"1.\"  \"(1)\"  \"1)\"\r\n    const ALPHA = \/^\\(?\\s*([A-Za-z])\\s*[).]\\s*(.+)$\/s;\r\n    const NUM   = \/^\\(?\\s*(\\d+)\\s*[).]\\s*(.+)$\/s;\r\n    \/\/ header lines: \"List I\", \"List-I\", \"List I (Requirement)\", \"LIST II (Period)\" ...\r\n    const LIST1 = \/^list[\\s\\-\\u2013]*i\\b\/i;\r\n    const LIST2 = \/^list[\\s\\-\\u2013]*ii\\b\/i;\r\n \r\n    let i = 1;\r\n    while (i < parts.length) {\r\n        const seg = parts[i].trim();\r\n        if (!seg) { i++; continue; }\r\n \r\n        \/\/ ---- Match-the-Following block ----\r\n        if (LIST1.test(seg) && !LIST2.test(seg)) {\r\n            const head1 = seg;                 \/\/ keep the real heading text\r\n            i++;\r\n            const listI = [];\r\n            while (i < parts.length) {\r\n                const s2 = parts[i].trim();\r\n                if (!s2) { i++; continue; }\r\n                const m = s2.match(ALPHA);\r\n                if (m) { listI.push({ n: m[1], t: m[2] }); i++; } else break;\r\n            }\r\n \r\n            let head2 = 'List-II';\r\n            const listII = [];\r\n            if (i < parts.length && LIST2.test(parts[i].trim())) {\r\n                head2 = parts[i].trim();\r\n                i++;\r\n                while (i < parts.length) {\r\n                    const s3 = parts[i].trim();\r\n                    if (!s3) { i++; continue; }\r\n                    const m2 = s3.match(NUM);\r\n                    if (m2) { listII.push({ n: m2[1], t: m2[2] }); i++; } else break;\r\n                }\r\n            }\r\n \r\n            html += '<div class=\"match-columns\">' +\r\n                '<div><div class=\"match-col-head\">' + head1 + '<\/div>' +\r\n                listI.map(it => '<div class=\"match-item\"><span class=\"mn\">(' + it.n + ')<\/span><span>' + it.t + '<\/span><\/div>').join('') +\r\n                '<\/div>' +\r\n                '<div><div class=\"match-col-head\">' + head2 + '<\/div>' +\r\n                listII.map(it => '<div class=\"match-item\"><span class=\"mn\">(' + it.n + ')<\/span><span>' + it.t + '<\/span><\/div>').join('') +\r\n                '<\/div><\/div>';\r\n            continue;\r\n        }\r\n \r\n        \/\/ ---- numbered statement row (statement-combo questions) ----\r\n        const m = seg.match(NUM);\r\n        if (m) {\r\n            html += '<span class=\"q-stmt\"><span class=\"sn\">' + m[1] + '.<\/span><span>' + m[2] + '<\/span><\/span>';\r\n            i++; continue;\r\n        }\r\n \r\n        \/\/ ---- lead-in line ----\r\n        if (\/^(select the correct|which of the (above|following|statements)|choose the correct|consider the following|statement)\/i.test(seg)) {\r\n            html += '<span class=\"q-lead\">' + seg + '<\/span>'; i++; continue;\r\n        }\r\n \r\n        html += '<span class=\"q-lead\" style=\"font-style:normal\">' + seg + '<\/span>';\r\n        i++;\r\n    }\r\n    return html;\r\n}\r\nfunction renderOptions(q) {\r\n    $id('optionsList').innerHTML = q.options.map((opt, i) =>\r\n        '<div class=\"option-item\" data-opt=\"' + i + '\"><span class=\"option-letter\">(' + String.fromCharCode(97 + i) + ')<\/span><span class=\"option-text\">' + opt + '<\/span><i class=\"option-icon\" style=\"margin-top:4px\"><\/i><\/div>'\r\n    ).join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction renderMastery(q) {\r\n    const s = getQStat(q.id);\r\n    const mi = $id('masteryIndicator');\r\n    if (s.correct + s.incorrect === 0) { mi.classList.remove('show'); return; }\r\n    mi.classList.add('show');\r\n    const stars = $id('masteryStars').querySelectorAll('i');\r\n    stars.forEach((st, i) => st.classList.toggle('filled', i < Math.min(s.correct, 5)));\r\n}\r\nfunction checkAnswer() {\r\n    if (answerChecked || selectedOption === null) { if (selectedOption === null) showToast('Select an option first'); return; }\r\n    const q = filteredQuestions[currentQuestionIndex];\r\n    const isCorrect = selectedOption === q.correct;\r\n    sessionAnswers[q.id] = selectedOption;\r\n    sessionStats.attempted++; isCorrect ? sessionStats.correct++ : sessionStats.incorrect++;\r\n    updateQuestionStats(q, isCorrect);\r\n    revealAnswer(q, selectedOption, false);\r\n    updateStats(); renderGrid(); renderWeakList(); updateHeader();\r\n}\r\nfunction revealAnswer(q, chosen, restoring) {\r\n    answerChecked = true;\r\n    const items = $id('optionsList').querySelectorAll('.option-item');\r\n    items.forEach((it, i) => {\r\n        it.classList.add('disabled');\r\n        if (i === q.correct) { it.classList.add('correct'); const oi = it.querySelector('.option-icon'); oi.textContent = '\\u2713'; oi.style.fontStyle = 'normal'; }\r\n        else if (i === chosen) { it.classList.add('incorrect'); const oj = it.querySelector('.option-icon'); oj.textContent = '\\u2717'; oj.style.fontStyle = 'normal'; }\r\n    });\r\n    $id('explanationText').innerHTML = q.explanation;\r\n    $id('explanationBox').classList.add('show');\r\n    $id('checkBtn').disabled = true;\r\n    renderMastery(q);\r\n    if (!restoring) showToast(chosen === q.correct ? 'Correct! Well done.' : 'Incorrect \u2014 read the explanation.', chosen === q.correct ? 'success' : '');\r\n}\r\nfunction updateQuestionStats(q, isCorrect) {\r\n    const s = getQStat(q.id);\r\n    isCorrect ? s.correct++ : s.incorrect++;\r\n    s.lastAttempt = Date.now(); s.lastCorrect = isCorrect;\r\n    progress.attemptLog.push({ qid: q.id, correct: isCorrect, ts: Date.now() });\r\n    const isWeak = progress.weakAreas.includes(q.id);\r\n    if (!isCorrect && s.incorrect >= quizConfig.weakThreshold && !isWeak) progress.weakAreas.push(q.id);\r\n    if (isCorrect && isWeak && s.correct >= quizConfig.masteryThreshold) progress.weakAreas = progress.weakAreas.filter(id => id !== q.id);\r\n    saveProgress();\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ GRID + STATS\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction renderGrid() {\r\n    $id('questionGrid').innerHTML = filteredQuestions.map((q, i) => {\r\n        let cls = 'unattempted';\r\n        const ans = sessionAnswers[q.id];\r\n        if (ans !== undefined) cls = (ans === q.correct) ? 'correct-answered' : 'incorrect-answered';\r\n        else { const s = progress.questionStats[q.id]; if (s && (s.correct + s.incorrect) > 0) cls = 'attempted'; }\r\n        if (i === currentQuestionIndex) cls = 'current';\r\n        const weak = progress.weakAreas.includes(q.id) ? ' weak-marked' : '';\r\n        return '<div class=\"grid-item ' + cls + weak + '\" data-idx=\"' + i + '\" title=\"Q' + q.id + '\">' + (i + 1) + '<\/div>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction masteredCount() { return allQuestions.filter(q => { const s = progress.questionStats[q.id]; return s && s.correct >= quizConfig.masteryThreshold; }).length; }\r\nfunction updateStats() {\r\n    $id('totalQuestions').textContent = filteredQuestions.length;\r\n    $id('attemptedCount').textContent = sessionStats.attempted;\r\n    $id('correctCount').textContent = sessionStats.correct;\r\n    $id('incorrectCount').textContent = sessionStats.incorrect;\r\n    const mastered = masteredCount();\r\n    const pct = allQuestions.length ? Math.round(mastered \/ allQuestions.length * 100) : 0;\r\n    $id('progressPercentage').textContent = pct + '%';\r\n    $id('progressRingFill').style.strokeDashoffset = 264 - (264 * pct \/ 100);\r\n    $id('totalCorrectProgress').textContent = Object.values(progress.questionStats).reduce((a, s) => a + s.correct, 0);\r\n    $id('totalWeakProgress').textContent = progress.weakAreas.length;\r\n    $id('allCount').textContent = allQuestions.length;\r\n    $id('weakModeCount').textContent = progress.weakAreas.length;\r\n}\r\nfunction updateHeader() {\r\n    $id('hdrTotalQ').textContent = allQuestions.length;\r\n    $id('hdrChapters').textContent = CHAPTERS.length;\r\n    const pct = allQuestions.length ? Math.round(masteredCount() \/ allQuestions.length * 100) : 0;\r\n    $id('hdrMastered').textContent = pct + '%';\r\n    const w = progress.weakAreas.length;\r\n    $id('weakBadgeHeader').style.display = w ? '' : 'none';\r\n    $id('weakCountHeader').textContent = w;\r\n    const r = computeReadiness();\r\n    $id('hdrReadiness').textContent = r.attempted ? r.score + '%' : '\u2014';\r\n    $id('perfPill').style.display = w >= 5 ? '' : 'none';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ SUBMIT \/ RESULT \/ RESETS\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction submitExam() {\r\n    if (!sessionStats.attempted) { showToast('Attempt at least one question first'); return; }\r\n    const pct = Math.round(sessionStats.correct \/ sessionStats.attempted * 100);\r\n    $id('resultCorrect').textContent = sessionStats.correct;\r\n    $id('resultIncorrect').textContent = sessionStats.incorrect;\r\n    $id('resultScore').textContent = pct + '%';\r\n    $id('resultIcon').textContent = pct >= 80 ? '\ud83c\udfc6' : pct >= 60 ? '\ud83c\udf89' : pct >= 40 ? '\ud83d\udcd6' : '\ud83d\udcaa';\r\n    $id('resultTitle').textContent = pct >= 80 ? 'Outstanding!' : pct >= 60 ? 'Great Job!' : pct >= 40 ? 'Keep Practising!' : 'Needs Revision';\r\n    $id('resultMessage').textContent = 'You attempted ' + sessionStats.attempted + ' of ' + filteredQuestions.length + ' questions in this session.';\r\n    $id('practiceWeakBtn').style.display = progress.weakAreas.length ? '' : 'none';\r\n    $id('resultModal').classList.add('show');\r\n}\r\nfunction reviewAnswers() { $id('resultModal').classList.remove('show'); currentQuestionIndex = 0; loadQuestion(); }\r\nfunction retryQuiz() { $id('resultModal').classList.remove('show'); sessionStats = { attempted: 0, correct: 0, incorrect: 0 }; sessionAnswers = {}; currentQuestionIndex = 0; loadQuestion(); updateStats(); }\r\n\/\/ SESSION RESET (Practice tab): clears ONLY this session's answers\/score.\r\n\/\/ Lifetime performance (mastery, weak areas, attempt history) is preserved.\r\nfunction resetSession() {\r\n    if (!confirm('Reset this session? Only the current answers and session score are cleared \u2014 your lifetime performance and mastery are kept.')) return;\r\n    sessionStats = { attempted: 0, correct: 0, incorrect: 0 };\r\n    sessionAnswers = {};\r\n    sessionStartTs = Date.now();\r\n    currentQuestionIndex = 0;\r\n    loadQuestion(); updateStats(); renderGrid();\r\n    showToast('Session reset \u2014 performance data kept', 'success');\r\n}\r\n\/\/ PERFORMANCE RESET (My Performance tab): wipes lifetime data after confirm.\r\nfunction resetPerformance() {\r\n    if (!confirm('Permanently erase ALL lifetime performance for this quiz?\\n\\nThis clears mastery stars, weak areas, accuracy history and the readiness score. This cannot be undone.')) return;\r\n    progress = { questionStats: {}, weakAreas: [], lastQuestionId: null, lastMode: 'all', lastFilter: null, attemptLog: [] };\r\n    saveProgress();\r\n    sessionStats = { attempted: 0, correct: 0, incorrect: 0 };\r\n    sessionAnswers = {};\r\n    sessionStartTs = Date.now();\r\n    setMode('all');\r\n    updateHeader();\r\n    renderAI();\r\n    showToast('Lifetime performance erased', 'success');\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ TAB 2 \u2014 AI COACH ENGINE (rule-based, client-side)\r\n\/\/ Chapter weight = chapter's share of the question bank\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction chapterCounts() {\r\n    const map = {};\r\n    allQuestions.forEach(q => { map[q.chapter] = (map[q.chapter] || 0) + 1; });\r\n    return Object.entries(map).sort((a, b) => b[1] - a[1]);\r\n}\r\nfunction chapterStats() {\r\n    const total = allQuestions.length;\r\n    return chapterCounts().map(([c, n]) => {\r\n        const qs = allQuestions.filter(q => q.chapter === c);\r\n        let attempted = 0, correct = 0, incorrect = 0, scoreSum = 0;\r\n        qs.forEach(q => {\r\n            const s = progress.questionStats[q.id];\r\n            if (s && (s.correct + s.incorrect) > 0) { attempted++; correct += s.correct; incorrect += s.incorrect; }\r\n            scoreSum += s ? Math.min(s.correct \/ quizConfig.masteryThreshold, 1) : 0;\r\n        });\r\n        const acc = (correct + incorrect) ? correct \/ (correct + incorrect) : null;\r\n        const weight = n \/ total;\r\n        const coverage = attempted \/ n;\r\n        const mastery = scoreSum \/ n;\r\n        const priority = weight * (acc === null ? 0.85 : (1 - acc)) * (0.5 + 0.5 * (1 - coverage));\r\n        return { chapter: c, count: n, weight, attempted, coverage, acc, mastery, priority };\r\n    });\r\n}\r\nfunction computeReadiness() {\r\n    const stats = chapterStats();\r\n    const score = Math.round(stats.reduce((a, s) => a + s.weight * s.mastery, 0) * 100);\r\n    const attempted = Object.values(progress.questionStats).some(s => (s.correct + s.incorrect) > 0);\r\n    return { score, attempted, stats };\r\n}\r\nfunction renderAI() {\r\n    if (!allQuestions.length) {\r\n        $id('aiEmptyState').style.display = '';\r\n        $id('aiContent').style.display = 'none';\r\n        return;\r\n    }\r\n    const { score, attempted, stats } = computeReadiness();\r\n    $id('aiEmptyState').style.display = attempted ? 'none' : '';\r\n    $id('aiContent').style.display = attempted ? '' : 'none';\r\n    if (!attempted) return;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Readiness ring\r\n    $id('aiScore').textContent = score;\r\n    $id('aiRingFill').style.strokeDashoffset = 402 - (402 * score \/ 100);\r\n    const verdict = score >= 80 ? '<b>Exam-ready.<\/b> Maintain with the revision queue and weak-area drills.'\r\n        : score >= 60 ? '<b>Strong base.<\/b> Close the gaps in your top-weight chapters to cross 80.'\r\n        : score >= 35 ? '<b>Building up.<\/b> Focus on the priority chapters below \u2014 they move your score fastest.'\r\n        : '<b>Early stage.<\/b> Start with the highest-weight chapters; every mastered question compounds.';\r\n    $id('aiVerdict').innerHTML = verdict + '<br><span style=\"font-size:11.8px;opacity:.8\">Score = \u03a3 (chapter weight \u00d7 your mastery), computed across ' + CHAPTERS.length + ' chapters of the bank.<\/span>';\r\n\r\n    \/\/ KPIs\r\n    const totalAttempted = allQuestions.filter(q => { const s = progress.questionStats[q.id]; return s && (s.correct + s.incorrect) > 0; }).length;\r\n    const allC = Object.values(progress.questionStats).reduce((a, s) => a + s.correct, 0);\r\n    const allI = Object.values(progress.questionStats).reduce((a, s) => a + s.incorrect, 0);\r\n    const accAll = (allC + allI) ? Math.round(allC \/ (allC + allI) * 100) : 0;\r\n    const recent = progress.attemptLog.slice(-20);\r\n    const accRecent = recent.length ? Math.round(recent.filter(a => a.correct).length \/ recent.length * 100) : 0;\r\n    const trendArrow = recent.length >= 5 ? (accRecent > accAll ? ' <span style=\"color:var(--green)\">\\u2197<\/span>' : accRecent < accAll ? ' <span style=\"color:var(--red)\">\\u2198<\/span>' : '') : '';\r\n    $id('aiKpis').innerHTML =\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-kpi\"><div class=\"n\">' + totalAttempted + '\/' + allQuestions.length + '<\/div><div class=\"l\">Coverage<\/div><\/div>' +\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-kpi\"><div class=\"n ' + (accAll >= 70 ? 'g' : accAll >= 45 ? 'a' : 'r') + '\">' + accAll + '%<\/div><div class=\"l\">Lifetime Accuracy<\/div><\/div>' +\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-kpi\"><div class=\"n ' + (accRecent >= 70 ? 'g' : accRecent >= 45 ? 'a' : 'r') + '\">' + accRecent + '%' + trendArrow + '<\/div><div class=\"l\">Last 20 Attempts<\/div><\/div>' +\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-kpi\"><div class=\"n g\">' + masteredCount() + '<\/div><div class=\"l\">Mastered (' + quizConfig.masteryThreshold + '\u2605)<\/div><\/div>' +\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-kpi\"><div class=\"n r\">' + progress.weakAreas.length + '<\/div><div class=\"l\">Weak Questions<\/div><\/div>';\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Smart study plan\r\n    const byPriority = [...stats].sort((a, b) => b.priority - a.priority);\r\n    const recos = [];\r\n    byPriority.slice(0, 3).forEach(s => {\r\n        if (s.acc === null) recos.push({ ic: 'warm', icon: '\ud83e\udded', txt: '<b>' + chShort(s.chapter) + '<\/b> carries <b>' + Math.round(s.weight * 100) + '%<\/b> of the bank but you haven\\u2019t attempted it yet \u2014 begin here.', ch: s.chapter });\r\n        else if (s.acc < 0.6) recos.push({ ic: 'hot', icon: '\ud83d\udd25', txt: '<b>' + chShort(s.chapter) + '<\/b>: chapter weight <b>' + Math.round(s.weight * 100) + '%<\/b>, your accuracy only <b>' + Math.round(s.acc * 100) + '%<\/b> \u2014 highest payoff zone right now.', ch: s.chapter });\r\n        else if (s.coverage < 0.6) recos.push({ ic: 'cool', icon: '\ud83d\udd0d', txt: '<b>' + chShort(s.chapter) + '<\/b>: accuracy is fine (' + Math.round(s.acc * 100) + '%) but you\\u2019ve only covered <b>' + Math.round(s.coverage * 100) + '%<\/b> of its questions \u2014 finish the set.', ch: s.chapter });\r\n    });\r\n    if (progress.weakAreas.length >= 3) recos.push({ ic: 'hot', icon: '\u26a0\ufe0f', txt: 'You have <b>' + progress.weakAreas.length + ' weak questions<\/b> flagged. One focused Weak-Areas session will clear the backlog.', weak: true });\r\n    const due = revisionDue();\r\n    if (due.length) recos.push({ ic: 'warm', icon: '\ud83d\udd01', txt: '<b>' + due.length + ' mastered questions<\/b> haven\\u2019t been touched in over ' + quizConfig.revisionGapDays + ' days \u2014 revise before they fade.' });\r\n    const best = [...stats].filter(s => s.acc !== null).sort((a, b) => b.acc - a.acc)[0];\r\n    if (best && best.acc >= 0.75) recos.push({ ic: 'good', icon: '\ud83c\udfc5', txt: 'Strongest area: <b>' + chShort(best.chapter) + '<\/b> at <b>' + Math.round(best.acc * 100) + '%<\/b> accuracy \u2014 bank these marks on exam day.' });\r\n    $id('aiRecoList').innerHTML = recos.map(r =>\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-reco\"><span class=\"ic ' + r.ic + '\">' + r.icon + '<\/span><p>' + r.txt + '<\/p>' +\r\n        (r.ch ? '<button class=\"go\" data-practice-ch=\"' + encodeURIComponent(r.ch) + '\">Practice \\u2192<\/button>' : r.weak ? '<button class=\"go\" data-practice-weak=\"1\">Start \\u2192<\/button>' : '') + '<\/div>'\r\n    ).join('');\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Performance table\r\n    $id('perfTableBody').innerHTML = byPriority.map(s => {\r\n        const accPct = s.acc === null ? null : Math.round(s.acc * 100);\r\n        const tag = s.acc === null ? '<span class=\"tag na\">Not started<\/span>'\r\n            : accPct < 45 ? '<span class=\"tag hot\">Critical<\/span>'\r\n            : accPct < 65 ? '<span class=\"tag warm\">Needs work<\/span>'\r\n            : accPct < 85 ? '<span class=\"tag ok\">On track<\/span>'\r\n            : '<span class=\"tag good\">Strong<\/span>';\r\n        const accBar = s.acc === null ? '\u2014' : '<div class=\"mini-track\"><div class=\"mini-fill\" style=\"width:' + accPct + '%;background:' + (accPct < 45 ? 'var(--red)' : accPct < 65 ? 'var(--amber)' : 'var(--green)') + '\"><\/div><\/div><span style=\"font-size:11.5px\">' + accPct + '%<\/span>';\r\n        return '<tr><td title=\"' + s.chapter + '\">' + chLabel(s.chapter) + '<\/td><td><b>' + Math.round(s.weight * 100) + '%<\/b> <span style=\"color:var(--faint);font-size:11.2px\">(' + s.count + ' Qs)<\/span><\/td><td>' + s.attempted + '\/' + s.count + '<\/td><td>' + accBar + '<\/td><td>' + tag + '<\/td><td><button class=\"mini-go\" data-practice-ch=\"' + encodeURIComponent(s.chapter) + '\">Practice<\/button><\/td><\/tr>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Revision queue\r\n    $id('revisionQueue').innerHTML = due.length ? due.slice(0, 8).map(({ q, days }) =>\r\n        '<div class=\"rev-item\" data-goto=\"' + q.id + '\"><span class=\"q-num\">Q' + q.id + '<\/span><span class=\"q-text\">' + q.question.replace(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/gi, ' ').substring(0, 55) + '\u2026<\/span><span class=\"days\">' + days + 'd ago<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    ).join('') : '<div class=\"ai-empty\" style=\"padding:18px\"><p style=\"font-size:13.3px\">Nothing due for revision. Mastered questions reappear here after ' + quizConfig.revisionGapDays + ' days.<\/p><\/div>';\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Mastery distribution\r\n    const buckets = [0, 0, 0, 0]; \/\/ untouched, learning, close, mastered\r\n    allQuestions.forEach(q => {\r\n        const s = progress.questionStats[q.id];\r\n        if (!s || (s.correct + s.incorrect) === 0) buckets[0]++;\r\n        else if (s.correct >= quizConfig.masteryThreshold) buckets[3]++;\r\n        else if (s.correct >= 2) buckets[2]++;\r\n        else buckets[1]++;\r\n    });\r\n    const labels = ['Untouched', 'Learning (0\u20131\u2605)', 'Almost there (2\u2605)', 'Mastered (' + quizConfig.masteryThreshold + '\u2605+)'];\r\n    const colors = ['#cbd5e1', 'var(--amber)', 'var(--navy-l)', 'var(--green)'];\r\n    $id('masteryDist').innerHTML = buckets.map((n, i) =>\r\n        '<div class=\"bar-row\" style=\"grid-template-columns:minmax(130px,1fr) 2fr auto\"><span class=\"bar-name\">' + labels[i] + '<\/span><div class=\"bar-track\"><div class=\"bar-fill\" style=\"width:' + (allQuestions.length ? n \/ allQuestions.length * 100 : 0) + '%;background:' + colors[i] + '\"><\/div><\/div><span class=\"bar-val\">' + n + '<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    ).join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction revisionDue() {\r\n    const now = Date.now(), gap = quizConfig.revisionGapDays * 86400000;\r\n    return allQuestions.map(q => {\r\n        const s = progress.questionStats[q.id];\r\n        if (s && s.correct >= quizConfig.masteryThreshold && s.lastAttempt && (now - s.lastAttempt) > gap)\r\n            return { q, days: Math.floor((now - s.lastAttempt) \/ 86400000) };\r\n        return null;\r\n    }).filter(Boolean).sort((a, b) => b.days - a.days);\r\n}\r\nfunction gotoQuestion(qid) {\r\n    switchView('practice');\r\n    let idx = filteredQuestions.findIndex(q => q.id === qid);\r\n    if (idx === -1) { setMode('all'); idx = filteredQuestions.findIndex(q => q.id === qid); }\r\n    if (idx !== -1) { currentQuestionIndex = idx; loadQuestion(); }\r\n}\r\nfunction practiceChapter(ch) {\r\n    switchView('practice');\r\n    setMode('chapter', ch);\r\n    showToast('Filtered to ' + chShort(ch), 'success');\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ EVENT DELEGATION (single listener)\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\ndocument.addEventListener('click', function (e) {\r\n    const w = e.target.closest('.cwq-portal');\r\n    if (!w) return;\r\n    const tab = e.target.closest('.gp-tab'); if (tab) { switchView(tab.dataset.view); return; }\r\n    const mode = e.target.closest('.mode-tab'); if (mode) { setMode(mode.dataset.mode); return; }\r\n    const cf = e.target.closest('.filter-item[data-chapter]'); if (cf) { const c = decodeURIComponent(cf.dataset.chapter); setMode('chapter', currentFilter === c ? null : c); return; }\r\n    const gi = e.target.closest('.grid-item'); if (gi) { currentQuestionIndex = parseInt(gi.dataset.idx, 10); loadQuestion(); return; }\r\n    const go = e.target.closest('[data-goto]'); if (go) { gotoQuestion(parseInt(go.dataset.goto, 10)); return; }\r\n    const pc = e.target.closest('[data-practice-ch]'); if (pc) { practiceChapter(decodeURIComponent(pc.dataset.practiceCh)); return; }\r\n    const pw = e.target.closest('[data-practice-weak]'); if (pw) { switchView('practice'); setMode('weak'); return; }\r\n    const opt = e.target.closest('.option-item'); if (opt && !answerChecked) {\r\n        $id('optionsList').querySelectorAll('.option-item').forEach(o => o.classList.remove('selected'));\r\n        opt.classList.add('selected'); selectedOption = parseInt(opt.dataset.opt, 10); return;\r\n    }\r\n    switch (e.target.closest('button') ? e.target.closest('button').id : '') {\r\n        case 'checkBtn': checkAnswer(); break;\r\n        case 'prevBtn': if (currentQuestionIndex > 0) { currentQuestionIndex--; loadQuestion(); } break;\r\n        case 'nextBtn': if (currentQuestionIndex < filteredQuestions.length - 1) { currentQuestionIndex++; loadQuestion(); } break;\r\n        case 'submitBtn': submitExam(); break;\r\n        case 'resetBtn': resetSession(); break;\r\n        case 'resetPerfBtn': resetPerformance(); break;\r\n        case 'reviewBtn': reviewAnswers(); break;\r\n        case 'retryBtn': retryQuiz(); break;\r\n        case 'practiceWeakBtn': $id('resultModal').classList.remove('show'); setMode('weak'); break;\r\n        case 'practiceWeakAreasBtn': setMode('weak'); break;\r\n        case 'resumeBtn': {\r\n            const qid = progress.lastQuestionId;\r\n            if (progress.lastMode) setMode(progress.lastMode, progress.lastFilter);\r\n            if (qid) gotoQuestion(qid);\r\n            $id('sessionInfo').style.display = 'none';\r\n            break;\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n});\r\n\r\n\/\/ Screenshot \/ copy deterrents\r\ndocument.addEventListener('contextmenu', function (e) { if (e.target.closest('.cwq-portal')) { e.preventDefault(); showToast('Right-click is disabled to protect content'); } });\r\ndocument.addEventListener('keydown', function (e) {\r\n    if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && ['c', 's', 'p', 'u'].includes(e.key.toLowerCase()) && document.querySelector('.cwq-portal')) {\r\n        e.preventDefault(); showToast('Copying is disabled to protect content');\r\n    }\r\n    if (e.key === 'PrintScreen') showToast('Screenshots are discouraged \u2014 content is protected');\r\n});\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ INIT\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {\r\n    $id('topicName').textContent = quizConfig.topic;\r\n    $id('topicEyebrow').textContent = 'CSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com \u00b7 ' + quizConfig.paper;\r\n    loadProgress();\r\n    renderFilters();\r\n    setMode(progress.lastMode || 'all', progress.lastFilter || null);\r\n    updateHeader();\r\n    if (progress.lastQuestionId) {\r\n        const q = allQuestions.find(x => x.id === progress.lastQuestionId);\r\n        if (q) { $id('sessionInfo').style.display = ''; $id('sessionText').textContent = 'Last session: Q' + q.id + ' (' + chShort(q.chapter) + ')'; }\r\n    }\r\n    initDone = true;\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u26a0\ufe0f Message \ud83c\udf89 Great Job! 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