{"id":13908,"date":"2026-07-20T08:52:37","date_gmt":"2026-07-20T08:52:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/?page_id=13908"},"modified":"2026-08-23T18:39:13","modified_gmt":"2026-08-23T18:39:13","slug":"mcqs-on-cpwd-works-manual-2024-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/?page_id=13908","title":{"rendered":"MCQS ON CPWD WORKS MANUAL 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"13908\" class=\"elementor elementor-13908\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70b6cfc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"70b6cfc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4350be3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"4350be3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!--\n=====================================================================\nCSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com\nCHAPTER-WISE AI TEST SERIES  \u2014  generic template, one subject per page\n=====================================================================\n\nWHAT THIS IS\n  A drill page for one chapter-wise MCQ bank, on any subject. Two tabs:\n     PRACTICE     filters, search, flagging, per-question AI tutor\n     PERFORMANCE  readiness engine, Focused set \/ Mock paper planner\n\nSETTING UP A NEW SUBJECT \u2014 four edits, all at the top of the script\n  1. CFG.quizId   unique per page. Progress is stored under this key, so\n                  two subjects on the same site never mix. Change it.\n     CFG.topic    the subject name shown in the header.\n     CFG.eyebrow  the exam line above it, or blank.\n  2. CFG.sourceUrl  the page on your site carrying the full text of the\n                  subject. A \"Read the source\" card then appears in the\n                  rail. Leave it blank and the card disappears.\n  3. chapterImportance   rate each chapter yourself, any relative numbers\n                  you like \u2014 they need not total 100. The rating drives\n                  the ranking, the study plan and how much of each planned\n                  sitting a chapter gets. A chapter you leave out falls\n                  back to its share of the bank and is marked \"not rated\n                  yet\". Empty the map and importance is never mentioned.\n  4. chapterQuestions    your bank, in the usual schema:\n                  { id, chapter, question, options[], correct, explanation }\n                  Chapter strings must match the importance map exactly.\n\nSTEM LAYOUT \u2014 nothing to mark up\n  A plain stem, a numbered statement stem and a List-I \/ List-II stem are\n  each laid out automatically, and all three sit in the same sheet, so\n  every question on the page reads the same way.\n\nRESETS\n  \"Reset session\"        clears only this sitting's answers.\n  \"Reset my performance\" wipes lifetime mastery, weak areas and flags.\n\n=====================================================================\n-->\n\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover\">\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Plus+Jakarta+Sans:wght@400;500;600;700;800&family=Newsreader:opsz,wght@6..72,400;6..72,500;6..72,600&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n\n<style>\n.cdrill{\n  --blue-900:#12246E; --blue-800:#1B3FCB; --blue-700:#2757E8; --blue-100:#EAF0FF; --blue-50:#F5F8FF;\n  --gold:#E8A317; --gold-lt:#F5C55B; --gold-bg:#FFF7E4;\n  --ink:#0F172A; --slate:#5B6B85; --line:#DFE6F3; --paper:#FFFFFF; --wash:#F4F7FD;\n  --ok:#0B8457; --ok-bg:#E7F7F0; --bad:#D3313E; --bad-bg:#FDEDEE; --warn:#C2620E;\n  --r:14px; --shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(16,32,74,.06),0 8px 24px -12px rgba(16,32,74,.18);\n  \/* \u2193 paste the same value your other pages use for --serif *\/\n  --serif:'Newsreader',Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;\n  font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',system-ui,sans-serif; font-size:15px; line-height:1.55;\n  color:var(--ink); background:var(--wash); -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;\n  border-radius:var(--r); overflow:hidden; 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border-radius:0 0 3px 3px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold),var(--gold-lt))}\n.cdrill .tab .pill{background:var(--gold);color:#3A2A02;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:800;padding:2px 7px;border-radius:99px}\n.cdrill .goldrule{height:4px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold),var(--gold-lt))}\n\n\/* ---------- filters ---------- *\/\n.cdrill .filters{background:var(--paper);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}\n.cdrill .filters .wrap{display:flex;gap:10px;padding-top:14px;padding-bottom:14px;overflow-x:auto;scrollbar-width:none}\n.cdrill .filters .wrap::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}\n.cdrill .pill-f{display:flex;flex:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 16px;border-radius:99px;\n  border:1.5px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);font-weight:600;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--slate);\n  white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\n.cdrill .pill-f:hover{border-color:#B9C8EC;color:var(--ink)}\n.cdrill .pill-f 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.grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\n.cdrill .card{background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r);box-shadow:var(--shadow)}\n\n\/* ---------- toolbar \/ context ---------- *\/\n.cdrill .toolbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:0 0 16px}\n.cdrill .search{flex:1;min-width:190px;position:relative}\n.cdrill .search input{width:100%;padding:11px 15px 11px 38px;border:1.5px solid var(--line);border-radius:11px;background:var(--paper)}\n.cdrill .search svg{position:absolute;left:13px;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);width:16px;height:16px;color:var(--slate)}\n.cdrill .tgl{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:10px 15px;border:1.5px solid var(--line);border-radius:11px;\n  background:var(--paper);font-weight:600;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--slate);white-space:nowrap}\n.cdrill .tgl[aria-pressed=true]{border-color:var(--blue-700);background:var(--blue-50);color:var(--blue-800)}\n.cdrill 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border-radius:12px;cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:12px;transition:all .25s;\n  background:#fff;text-align:left;width:100%;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}\n.cdrill .opt .txt{font-family:var(--serif) !important;font-size:18.5px !important;line-height:1.6;\n  color:#161b26;flex:1;min-width:0}\n.cdrill .opt:hover:not(:disabled){border-color:#5F86F0;background:#F6F9FF;transform:translateX(4px)}\n.cdrill .opt:disabled{cursor:default;opacity:1;transform:none}\n.cdrill .key{min-width:34px;font-family:var(--serif) !important;font-weight:600;font-size:17.3px !important;\n  color:#161b26;flex-shrink:0;line-height:1.6}\n.cdrill .opt.sel{border-color:var(--blue-700);background:#EFF5FF;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--blue-700)}\n.cdrill .opt.sel::after{content:\"Selected\";font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',sans-serif;font-weight:800;\n  font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-800);align-self:center;white-space:nowrap}\n.cdrill 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20px;border-radius:11px;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff;transition:.15s}\n.cdrill .btn:hover{background:var(--blue-800)}\n.cdrill .btn:disabled{opacity:.4;cursor:not-allowed}\n.cdrill .btn.ghost{background:var(--paper);border:1.5px solid var(--line);color:var(--ink)}\n.cdrill .btn.ghost:hover{border-color:var(--blue-700);color:var(--blue-800);background:var(--blue-50)}\n.cdrill .flagbtn{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;padding:11px 18px;border-radius:11px;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;\n  border:1.5px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);color:var(--slate);margin-left:auto;transition:.15s}\n.cdrill .flagbtn:hover{border-color:var(--gold);color:#8A6206;background:var(--gold-bg)}\n.cdrill .flagbtn[aria-pressed=true]{border-color:var(--gold);background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold));color:#3A2A02}\n.cdrill .kbd{display:inline-block;font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,monospace;font-size:10.5px;padding:3px 6px;background:#fff;\n  border:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom-width:2px;border-radius:4px;font-weight:700}\n.cdrill .keys{margin-top:14px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px dashed var(--line);font-size:11.5px;color:var(--slate);\n  display:flex;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-weight:600}\n@media(max-width:700px){.cdrill .keys{display:none}}\n\n.cdrill .verdict{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;font-weight:800;font-size:14px;margin:20px 0 0}\n.cdrill .verdict.r{color:var(--ok)} .cdrill .verdict.w{color:var(--bad)}\n.cdrill .expl{margin-top:12px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--gold);border-radius:0 12px 12px 0;\n  background:#FCFDFF;padding:16px 18px;font-size:14.2px;line-height:1.68}\n.cdrill .expl .body{font-family:'Newsreader',Georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7}\n.cdrill .expl b{color:var(--blue-800)}\n.cdrill .expl-h{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800;margin-bottom:8px}\n\n  font-weight:600;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-800);transition:.14s}\n.cdrill .chip:hover:not(:disabled){background:var(--blue-700);border-color:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\n.cdrill .ai-out{margin-top:12px;background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;padding:14px 16px;\n  font-size:14px;line-height:1.65}\n.cdrill .ai-out b{color:var(--blue-800)}\n.cdrill .offline{margin-top:12px;padding-top:10px;border-top:1px dashed #CBD8F6;font-size:11.5px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.5}\n.cdrill .dots span{display:inline-block;width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--blue-700);margin-right:4px;animation:cdb 1.1s infinite}\n.cdrill .dots span:nth-child(2){animation-delay:.16s} .cdrill .dots span:nth-child(3){animation-delay:.32s}\n@keyframes cdb{0%,80%{opacity:.25;transform:translateY(0)}40%{opacity:1;transform:translateY(-3px)}}\n\n\/* ---------- rail ---------- *\/\n.cdrill .rail{display:grid;gap:16px;align-content:start}\n.cdrill .rail .card{padding:16px}\n.cdrill .rail h3{margin:0;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800}\n.cdrill .score{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:8px;margin:10px 0 4px}\n.cdrill .score b{font-size:32px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.03em}\n.cdrill .score i{font-style:normal;color:var(--slate);font-size:13px;font-weight:600}\n.cdrill .bar{height:7px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--wash);overflow:hidden;margin-top:10px}\n.cdrill .bar>i{display:block;height:100%;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--ok),#37B37E);border-radius:99px;transition:width .4s}\n.cdrill .mini{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--slate);margin-top:8px;font-weight:600}\n.cdrill .streak{display:flex;gap:4px;margin-top:12px}\n.cdrill .streak i{flex:1;height:26px;border-radius:5px;background:var(--wash);border:1px solid var(--line)}\n.cdrill .streak i.r{background:var(--ok-bg);border-color:#A9DEC6}\n.cdrill .streak i.w{background:var(--bad-bg);border-color:#F3C2C6}\n.cdrill .nav-head{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;padding:13px 16px;\n  border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);flex-wrap:nowrap}\n.cdrill .nav-head b{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800}\n.cdrill .navtoggle{flex:none;white-space:nowrap;min-width:56px;text-align:center;\n  font-size:12px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-800);padding:5px 12px;border-radius:7px;\n  border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);letter-spacing:.02em;transition:.14s}\n.cdrill .nav-head b{min-width:0;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}\n.cdrill .navtoggle:hover{border-color:var(--blue-700);background:var(--blue-50)}\n.cdrill .navgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr));gap:6px;\n  padding:14px 16px 12px;max-height:238px;overflow-y:auto;overflow-x:hidden}\n.cdrill .navgrid::-webkit-scrollbar{width:6px}\n.cdrill .navgrid::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:#CBD5E1;border-radius:99px}\n.cdrill .navgrid::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background:transparent}\n.cdrill .nq{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;min-width:0;height:34px;padding:0;margin:0;\n  border-radius:8px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);\n  font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',system-ui,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:11.5px;line-height:1;\n  color:var(--slate);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:visible;\n  transition:background .12s,border-color .12s,color .12s;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;letter-spacing:-.02em}\n.cdrill .nq:hover{border-color:var(--blue-700);color:var(--blue-800);background:var(--blue-50)}\n@media(max-width:960px){.cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(10,minmax(0,1fr))}}\n@media(max-width:520px){.cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(7,minmax(0,1fr))}}\n.cdrill .nq.r{background:var(--ok-bg);border-color:#8FD3B6;color:#086945}\n.cdrill .nq.w{background:var(--bad-bg);border-color:#F0AEB4;color:#A81F2B}\n.cdrill .nq.cur{border-color:var(--blue-700);background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\n.cdrill .nq .fl{position:absolute;top:-5px;right:-4px;font-size:9.5px;line-height:1;\n  filter:drop-shadow(0 0 2px #fff)}\n.cdrill .nq.mastered::after{content:\"\";position:absolute;bottom:3px;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);\n  width:4px;height:4px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--ok)}\n.cdrill .legend{display:flex;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:10.5px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600;\n  padding:10px 16px 14px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:4px}\n.cdrill .legend i{display:inline-block;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:3px;margin-right:5px;vertical-align:-1px}\n\n\/* ---------- performance ---------- *\/\n.cdrill .perf{padding:24px 24px 32px;display:grid;gap:34px}\n.cdrill .ph{margin:0 0 10px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800}\n\n\/* ---------- performance blocks ---------- *\/\n.cdrill .pblock{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:16px;background:var(--paper);overflow:hidden}\n.cdrill .pbh{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:16px;padding:20px 24px 18px;\n  background:linear-gradient(180deg,#FBFCFF,#F6F9FF);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}\n.cdrill .pbh .txt{flex:1;min-width:0}\n.cdrill .pbh h4{font-size:17px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.015em;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 7px;\n  display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px}\n.cdrill .pbh h4 .dot{width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--gold);flex:none}\n.cdrill .pbh p{font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.6;margin:0}\n.cdrill .pbh .pbtag{flex:none;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.07em;text-transform:uppercase;\n  color:var(--blue-800);background:var(--blue-100);border-radius:99px;padding:6px 13px;white-space:nowrap}\n.cdrill .bars{padding:8px 24px 18px}\n.cdrill .subhead{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:18px 24px 2px;\n  border-top:1px solid #EEF2F9;margin-top:6px}\n.cdrill .subhead:first-of-type{border-top:0;margin-top:0}\n.cdrill .subhead h5{font-size:12.5px;font-weight:800;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:.01em;margin:0}\n.cdrill .subhead span{font-size:11.8px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600}\n.cdrill .hero2{display:grid;grid-template-columns:260px 1fr;gap:18px}\n@media(max-width:860px){.cdrill .hero2{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\n.cdrill .ring-card{background:linear-gradient(150deg,var(--blue-900),var(--blue-800) 70%,var(--blue-700));border-radius:var(--r);\n  padding:24px 20px;color:#fff;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\n.cdrill .ring{position:relative;width:150px;height:150px}\n.cdrill .ring svg{transform:rotate(-90deg)}\n.cdrill .ring .bg{fill:none;stroke:rgba(255,255,255,.14);stroke-width:11}\n.cdrill .ring .fg{fill:none;stroke:var(--gold-lt);stroke-width:11;stroke-linecap:round;transition:stroke-dashoffset 1s ease}\n.cdrill .ring-txt{position:absolute;inset:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\n.cdrill .ring-txt b{font-size:40px;font-weight:800;color:var(--gold-lt);letter-spacing:-.03em;line-height:1}\n.cdrill .ring-txt span{font-size:9.5px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#BFDBFE;margin-top:5px;font-weight:700}\n.cdrill .verdict2{margin-top:14px;font-size:13.4px;color:#DBEAFE;line-height:1.55}\n.cdrill .verdict2 b{color:#fff}\n.cdrill .coach{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r);padding:18px 20px;background:var(--paper)}\n.cdrill .coach h4{font-size:14.5px;font-weight:800;margin-bottom:12px;display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center}\n.cdrill .reco{display:flex;gap:12px;padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line);align-items:flex-start}\n.cdrill .reco:last-child{border-bottom:0}\n.cdrill .reco .ic{width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:8px;display:grid;place-items:center;font-size:13px;flex:none;margin-top:1px}\n.cdrill .reco .ic.hot{background:var(--bad-bg);color:var(--bad)}\n.cdrill .reco .ic.warm{background:var(--gold-bg);color:#8A6206}\n.cdrill .reco .ic.cool{background:var(--blue-100);color:var(--blue-800)}\n.cdrill .reco .ic.good{background:var(--ok-bg);color:var(--ok)}\n.cdrill .reco p{font-size:13.8px;line-height:1.55}\n.cdrill .reco .go{margin-left:auto;flex:none;background:var(--blue-50);color:var(--blue-800);border:1px solid #D4E2FB;\n  border-radius:8px;padding:6px 12px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:800;white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\n.cdrill .reco .go:hover{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\n.cdrill .planner{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFFDF6,#FFF8E8);border:1px solid #EADFC2;border-left:4px solid var(--gold);\n  border-radius:0 var(--r) var(--r) 0;padding:18px 20px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;flex-wrap:wrap}\n.cdrill .planner h4{font-size:17px;font-weight:800;margin-bottom:5px;letter-spacing:-.01em}\n.cdrill .planner p{font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.55;max-width:62ch}\n.cdrill .pbtns{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap}\n.cdrill .pbtn{padding:11px 18px;border:1.5px solid var(--gold);border-radius:11px;background:#fff;color:#8A6206;\n  font-weight:800;font-size:13.5px;display:flex;gap:7px;align-items:center;white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\n.cdrill .pbtn:hover{background:var(--gold-bg)}\n.cdrill .pbtn.primary{background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold));color:#3A2A02;border-color:var(--gold)}\n.cdrill .kpis{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(150px,1fr));gap:12px}\n.cdrill .kpi{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:15px;background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff,var(--blue-50))}\n.cdrill .kpi b{display:block;font-size:26px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.03em}\n.cdrill .kpi span{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.06em}\n.cdrill .tblwrap{overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;background:#fff}\n.cdrill table.perf-t{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:13px;min-width:760px}\n.cdrill table.perf-t th,.cdrill table.perf-t td{padding:10px;border-bottom:1px solid #EEF2F9;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}\n.cdrill table.perf-t thead th{background:var(--blue-900);color:#fff;font-weight:700;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase}\n.cdrill table.perf-t th:first-child,.cdrill table.perf-t td:first-child{text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\n.cdrill table.perf-t td:first-child{font-weight:700;max-width:280px;line-height:1.35;background:#FBFCFE}\n.cdrill .sub{display:block;font-size:10.6px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600;margin-top:3px}\n.cdrill .tbar{height:6px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--wash);overflow:hidden;min-width:80px}\n.cdrill .tbar>i{display:block;height:100%;border-radius:99px}\n.cdrill .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10.4px;font-weight:800;padding:3px 9px;border-radius:99px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.04em}\n.cdrill .tag.hot{background:var(--bad-bg);color:var(--bad)}\n.cdrill .tag.warm{background:var(--gold-bg);color:#8A6206}\n.cdrill .tag.ok{background:var(--blue-100);color:var(--blue-800)}\n.cdrill .tag.good{background:var(--ok-bg);color:var(--ok)}\n.cdrill .tag.na{background:#F1F5F9;color:var(--slate)}\n.cdrill .mini-go{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;padding:5px 10px;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-800);transition:.15s}\n.cdrill .mini-go:hover{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff;border-color:var(--blue-700)}\n.cdrill .lrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(150px,1.2fr) 2.4fr 96px;gap:18px;align-items:center;\n  padding:12px 10px;border-radius:9px;transition:background .13s;margin:0 -10px}\n.cdrill .lrow:hover{background:#FAFCFF}\n.cdrill .lrow+.lrow{border-top:1px solid #F1F5FB}\n@media(max-width:620px){.cdrill .lrow{grid-template-columns:1fr auto;row-gap:6px}.cdrill .lrow .ltrack{grid-column:1\/-1}}\n.cdrill .lname{font-size:13.4px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.35}\n.cdrill .lsub{display:block;font-size:10.8px;font-weight:600;color:var(--slate);margin-top:4px}\n.cdrill .ltrack{background:#EEF2F9;border-radius:99px;height:11px;overflow:hidden;\n  box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(16,32,74,.05)}\n.cdrill .lfill{height:100%;border-radius:99px;transition:width .8s cubic-bezier(.22,.9,.28,1)}\n.cdrill .lval{text-align:right;font-size:16px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.02em}\n.cdrill .lval small{display:block;font-size:10px;font-weight:700;color:var(--slate);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.05em;margin-top:2px}\n.cdrill .split{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:16px}\n@media(max-width:860px){.cdrill .split{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\n.cdrill .panel{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:16px 18px}\n.cdrill .rev{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;width:100%;text-align:left;background:#FAFBFE;border-left:3px solid var(--gold);\n  border-radius:8px;padding:10px 12px;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:12.6px;transition:.15s}\n.cdrill .rev:hover{background:var(--gold-bg);transform:translateX(3px)}\n.cdrill .rev .n{font-weight:800;color:#8A6206;flex:none}\n.cdrill .rev .t{flex:1;color:var(--slate);white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}\n.cdrill .rev .d{background:var(--gold);color:#3A2A02;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:99px;font-size:10.2px;font-weight:800;white-space:nowrap}\n.cdrill .danger{border:1px dashed #F3C2C6;border-radius:12px;background:#FFFAFA;padding:16px 18px;\n  display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap}\n.cdrill .danger p{font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);flex:1;min-width:220px;line-height:1.6}\n.cdrill .danger b{color:var(--bad)}\n.cdrill .dbtn{padding:11px 20px;background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #F3C2C6;border-radius:11px;color:var(--bad);\n  font-size:13px;font-weight:800;white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\n.cdrill .dbtn:hover{background:var(--bad);border-color:var(--bad);color:#fff}\n.cdrill .empty{text-align:center;padding:40px 20px;color:var(--slate)}\n.cdrill .empty b{display:block;color:var(--ink);font-size:16px;margin-bottom:6px}\n.cdrill .toast{position:fixed;bottom:26px;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);background:var(--blue-900);color:#fff;\n  padding:12px 22px;border-radius:11px;font-weight:700;font-size:13.5px;z-index:9999;display:none;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}\n.cdrill .toast.show{display:block}\n.cdrill .toast.ok{background:var(--ok)}\n\n\/* ---------- content protection ---------- *\/\n.cdrill{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;\n  -webkit-touch-callout:none;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}\n\/* inputs must stay usable, or the search box cannot be edited *\/\n.cdrill input,.cdrill textarea,.cdrill select{-webkit-user-select:text;user-select:text}\n.cdrill.allow-select{-webkit-user-select:text;user-select:text}\n.cdrill img,.cdrill svg{-webkit-user-drag:none;user-drag:none;pointer-events:none}\n.cdrill .navtoggle,.cdrill .tab,.cdrill button{-webkit-user-drag:none}\n\/* screen obscured while the window is not in front *\/\n.cdrill.veiled .qbody,.cdrill.veiled .perf,.cdrill.veiled .chaplist,.cdrill.veiled .yearlist{\n  filter:blur(9px);transition:filter .12s}\n.cdrill .veilmsg{position:absolute;inset:0;display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;\n  background:rgba(244,247,253,.72);z-index:40;font-weight:800;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--blue-900);\n  text-align:center;padding:20px;border-radius:var(--r)}\n.cdrill.veiled .veilmsg{display:flex}\n.cdrill{position:relative}\n\/* what a print or PDF export gets instead of the paper *\/\n.cdrill-printblock{display:none}\n@media print{\n  .cdrill{display:none!important}\n  .cdrill-printblock{display:block!important;padding:60px 40px;text-align:center;\n    font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',system-ui,sans-serif;color:#12246E}\n  .cdrill-printblock h2{font-size:20px;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 10px}\n  .cdrill-printblock p{font-size:13.5px;color:#5B6B85;line-height:1.7;max-width:60ch;margin:0 auto}\n}\n\n\/* ---------- mobile ---------- *\/\n@media(max-width:640px){\n  .cdrill .wrap{padding:0 14px}\n\n  \/* hero: tighter, and the stat tiles share the row evenly *\/\n  .cdrill .hero{padding-top:18px}\n  .cdrill .hero h1{font-size:19px}\n  .cdrill .hero p{font-size:12.6px;margin-bottom:14px}\n  .cdrill .hstats{gap:7px}\n  .cdrill .hstat{flex:1 1 0;min-width:0;padding:8px 10px;text-align:center}\n  .cdrill .hstat b{font-size:17px}\n  .cdrill .hstat span{font-size:8.8px;letter-spacing:.06em}\n\n  \/* tabs scroll sideways instead of wrapping onto two lines *\/\n  .cdrill .tabs{margin-top:16px;gap:5px;flex-wrap:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;scrollbar-width:none;\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\n  .cdrill .tabs::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}\n  .cdrill .tab{flex:none;padding:10px 15px;font-size:12.6px;gap:6px;white-space:nowrap}\n  .cdrill .tab[aria-selected=true]{padding-bottom:13px}\n\n  \/* THE FIX: pills were shrinking to fit instead of scrolling, which cut\n     every label in half. flex:none makes the row scroll as intended. *\/\n  .cdrill .filters .wrap{padding-top:11px;padding-bottom:11px;gap:8px;\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\n  .cdrill .pill-f{flex:none;padding:8px 14px;font-size:12.6px;gap:6px}\n  .cdrill .pill-f .n{font-size:10.5px;padding:2px 7px}\n\n  \/* toolbar stacks *\/\n  .cdrill .grid{padding:14px 0 40px;gap:14px}\n  .cdrill .toolbar{gap:8px;padding-bottom:12px}\n  .cdrill .search{flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0}\n  .cdrill .tgl{flex:1;justify-content:center;padding:9px 12px;font-size:12.6px}\n\n  \/* question card *\/\n  .cdrill .qhead{padding:11px 14px;gap:8px}\n  .cdrill .qcount{font-size:15px;width:100%}\n  .cdrill .qmeta{gap:6px}\n  .cdrill .badge-ch{max-width:100%;font-size:11px;padding:5px 11px}\n  .cdrill .badge-m,.cdrill .badge-src,.cdrill .qtag{font-size:10.6px;padding:4px 10px}\n  .cdrill .qbody{padding:16px 14px 18px}\n  .cdrill .qsheet{padding:15px 15px 16px;border-radius:0 9px 9px 0}\n  .cdrill .stem,.cdrill .qsheet .lead,.cdrill .qsheet .intro,.cdrill .qsheet .close,\n  .cdrill .stmts li,.cdrill .opt .txt{font-size:16.6px !important;line-height:1.6}\n  .cdrill .lists{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}\n  .cdrill .opt{padding:11px 13px;gap:9px}\n  .cdrill .key{min-width:28px;font-size:16px !important}\n  .cdrill .opt.sel::after{display:none}\n  .cdrill .actions{gap:7px}\n  .cdrill .btn{flex:1;padding:11px 14px;font-size:13.4px;text-align:center}\n  .cdrill .flagbtn{margin-left:0;flex:1 1 100%;justify-content:center;padding:11px 14px}\n  .cdrill .expl{padding:14px 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Please\n     work through them on screen.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function(){\n\"use strict\";\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   1. CONFIGURATION  \u2190 EDIT PER SUBJECT\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nconst CFG = {\n  quizId : 'subject-chapterwise',   \/\/ unique per subject \u2014 this is the progress key,\n                                    \/\/ so change it for every new page you publish\n  topic  : 'CPWD Works Manual, 2026-Latest',          \/\/ e.g. 'CCS (Conduct) Rules, 1964'\n  eyebrow: '',                      \/\/ e.g. 'UPSC SO \/ Steno LDCE \u00b7 Paper II' \u2014 leave blank to hide\n  sub    : 'Chapter drills with a planner that builds your next sitting for you.',\n\n  \/* --- SOURCE PAGE ---------------------------------------------------\n     The page on your site that carries the full text of this subject.\n     A \"Read the source\" card then appears in the rail. Leave it blank\n     and the card disappears.                                            *\/\n  sourceUrl   : '',                 \/\/ e.g. 'https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/your-source-page\/'\n  sourceLabel : 'full source text', \/\/ shown on the link\n\n  \/* --- IMPORTANCE ----------------------------------------------------\n     You set the importance of each chapter yourself, in chapterImportance\n     below. It drives the ranking, the study plan and the planner \u2014 the\n     bigger the number, the more of your next sitting that chapter gets.\n     It is never described as exam weightage, so it is safe on a subject\n     with no previous year papers.\n     Leave the whole map empty and the page falls back silently to each\n     chapter's share of the bank, and stops mentioning importance at all. *\/\n\n  masteryThreshold : 3,     \/\/ clean correct answers before a question counts as mastered\n  weakThreshold    : 1,     \/\/ wrong attempts before a question is flagged weak\n\n  priorAccuracy : 0.30,     \/\/ expected-score model: shrink raw accuracy toward this\n  priorStrength : 6,\n  retention     : { baseDays:3, growth:2.5, riskBelow:0.70 },\n\n  sessionSize : 25,         \/\/ Focused set\n  mockSize    : 50          \/\/ Mock paper\n};\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   2. CHAPTER IMPORTANCE  \u2190 you set this by hand\n   Keys do NOT have to match your chapter names exactly. Anything that\n   starts with a chapter or appendix number is matched on that number\n   alone, so 'Ch 2' finds 'CH 2: GENERAL OUTLINES OF THE SYSTEM OF\n   ACCOUNTS', and 'Apndx 5' finds 'APPENDIX 5: PRINCIPLES AND RULES...'.\n   Chapter, Chap, CH, Ch-2, 2. \u2014 all read the same. For appendices:\n   Appendix, Apndx, Appx, Annex, Annexure, in digits or roman numerals.\n   A key with no number falls back to a loose text match.\n   Numbers are relative: they need NOT total 100. A chapter you leave\n   out is given its share of the bank instead and is marked \"not rated\n   yet\" in the performance table.\n   Empty this map altogether to switch importance off everywhere.\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nconst chapterImportance = {\n  'Ch 1' : 30,\n  'Ch 2' : 45,\n  'Ch 3' : 25\n  \/\/ 'Apndx 1' : 25,   \u2190 appendices work the same way\n};\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   3. QUESTION BANK  \u2190 PASTE YOUR BANK HERE\n   { id, chapter, question, options[], correct, explanation }\n     id          unique within its chapter\n     chapter     must match a key in chapterImportance exactly\n     correct     0-indexed\n     explanation may contain HTML; cite the rule or paragraph in <b> tags\n   A stem may carry \"\\n1. ...\" statement lines or a \"List-I \/ List-II\"\n   block \u2014 both are laid out automatically, and so is a plain stem.\n   The three below are only samples so the page renders on first open.\n   Delete them.\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nconst chapterQuestions = [\n  {\n    \"id\": 1,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following with respect to the functions of the Central Public Works Department:\\n1. Planning, construction, maintenance and repairs of all buildings and other works assigned by Central Government Ministries, Departments, Public Sector Undertakings and autonomous bodies.\\n2. Valuation of properties\/assets as and when requested by statutory authorities such as the Income Tax Department, the Enforcement Directorate and the Central Bureau of Investigation.\\n3. Assessment of rent for hiring of private properties and assessment of value of properties for purchase by various Ministries\/Departments of the Government of India.\\n4. Advising the Government of India on various technical matters relating to public works.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.0<\/b> \u2014 CPWD is described as \\\"<i>the Central Government agency operating throughout the country for<\/i>\\\" (1) planning, construction, maintenance and repairs of all buildings and other works assigned by Ministries, Departments, PSUs and autonomous bodies; (2) \\\"<i>valuation of properties\/assets as and when requested by the statutory authorities such as Income Tax, ED, CBI, etc.<\/i>\\\"; (3) assessment of rent for hiring of private properties and of value of properties for purchase; and (4) advising Govt. of India on technical matters relating to public works.<br><br>All four heads are therefore functions. The trap in options (a)\u2013(c) is to treat the valuation and rent-assessment roles as belonging only to the Valuation cell of Para 8.18 \u2014 that para merely details <i>how<\/i> the function under Para 1.0(2) is discharged.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 2,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The standard tender document used for works in which contractors are required to quote rates on a percentage basis, i.e. above or below the estimated cost put to tender, is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"CPWD Form 11A\",\n      \"CPWD Form 8\",\n      \"CPWD Form 7\",\n      \"CPWD Form 12\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.1(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Percentage Rate Tender document (CPWD Form 7): This form is used for works in which contractors are required to quote rates on percentage basis i.e. above or below the estimated cost put to tender.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The definition is repeated verbatim under <b>Definitions \u2014 Percentage Rate Tender<\/b>. The distractors are the neighbouring forms in the same list: Form 8 is the Item Rate Tender, where rates are quoted <i>against each item<\/i> of work (Para 1.1(2)); Form 11A is the Work Order used where work is awarded <i>without<\/i> call of tender (Para 1.1(5)); and Form 12 is the Lump sum Contract document (Para 1.1(6)). Only Form 7 uses a percentage above\/below the estimated cost.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 3,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Item Rate Tender document (CPWD Form 8) is generally used in works where:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"contractors quote rates on a percentage basis, above or below the estimated cost put to tender\",\n      \"most of the items are non-scheduled or specialized and a detailed analysis of rates is not available\",\n      \"the purchase of materials, whether raw or finished, is involved\",\n      \"the work is to be awarded without any call of tender\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.1(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>This form is used for works in which contractors are required to quote the rates against each item of work. This form is generally used where most of the items are non-scheduled or specialized items and detailed analysis of rates is not available.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The logic is that where no analysis of rates exists, a percentage over a departmental estimate would be meaningless, so item-wise quoting is used. Option (a) describes Form 7 (Para 1.1(1)); option (c) describes Form 9, \\\"<i>Supply of materials<\/i>\\\" (Para 1.1(3)); option (d) describes Form 11A, the Work Order for works awarded without call of tender (Para 1.1(5)).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 4,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Which standard form is normally used where the purchase of materials is involved, requiring contractors to quote rates for supply of the required quantity of materials, whether raw or finished?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"CPWD Form 8\",\n      \"CPWD Form 10\",\n      \"CPWD Form 9\",\n      \"CPWD Form 11A\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.1(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Supply of materials (CPWD Form 9): This form is normally used where the purchase of materials is involved. In this form, the contractors are required to quote rates for supply of the required quantity of materials, whether raw or finished.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Note that this form has become largely dormant in practice, because <b>Para 6.0<\/b> records that \\\"<i>stipulation of material in contracts has since been stopped in CPWD works<\/i>\\\". Form 8 (option a) is the Item Rate Tender for <i>works<\/i>; Form 10 (option b) is the Piece Work agreement used to start work in anticipation of formal acceptance; Form 11A (option d) is the Work Order for works awarded without call of tender.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 5,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Piece Work agreement (CPWD Form 10) is used mainly in cases where it is necessary to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"complete the work for a lump sum amount as per given designs\",\n      \"award works to registered labour co-operative societies\",\n      \"quote rates on a percentage basis above or below the estimated cost\",\n      \"start the work in anticipation of formal acceptance of contract\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.1(4)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>This form is used mainly in cases, where it is necessary to start the work in anticipation of formal acceptance of contract. An agreement on piece work form may be drawn and the contract may be cancelled as soon as regular contract is signed.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>It is thus a bridging instrument, not a mode of award in its own right. Option (a) is Form 12, the Lump sum Contract (Para 1.1(6)); option (c) is Form 7, the Percentage Rate Tender (Para 1.1(1)); award to registered labour co-operative societies in option (b) is governed by <b>Para 4.2<\/b>, which permits award at current market rates without call of tenders, not by Form 10.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 6,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"CPWD Form 11A (the Work Order) is normally used for works which are:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"to be awarded without call of tender, with the contractor bound as to the quantity of work and the time of completion\",\n      \"started in anticipation of formal acceptance of the contract\",\n      \"to be completed for a lump sum amount as per given designs and specifications\",\n      \"adopted for demolition of buildings and removal of debris\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.1(5)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Work Order (CPWD 11A): This form is normally used for works which are to be awarded without call of tender. In Form 11A, the contractor is bound in respect of the quantity of work and the time in which it is to be completed.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The two binding elements \u2014 quantity and time \u2014 are the distinguishing feature. Option (b) is Form 10, Piece Work (Para 1.1(4)); option (c) is Form 12, the Lump sum Contract (Para 1.1(6)); option (d) is Form 47, the tender for demolition of buildings (Para 1.1(7)). Note also that <b>Para 4.1(6)<\/b> caps the annual value of work orders issued by each officer.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 7,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The standard form of contract used for works in which contractors are required to quote a lump sum amount for completing the work in accordance with the given designs, specifications and functional requirements is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"CPWD Form 7\",\n      \"CPWD Form 8\",\n      \"CPWD Form 12\",\n      \"CPWD Form 10\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.1(6)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Lump sum Contract document (CPWD Form 12): This form is used for works in which contractors are required to quote a lump sum amount for completing the work in accordance with the given designs, specifications and functional requirements.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The phrase \\\"<i>functional requirements<\/i>\\\" is the tell, since payment is not linked to measured quantities. Form 7 (option a) is the Percentage Rate Tender; Form 8 (option c) is the Item Rate Tender; Form 10 (option d) is the Piece Work agreement. A lump sum contract must not be confused with an EPC contract under Para 1.1(10), where rates\/percentage are quoted on an estimated cost as per NIT conditions.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 8,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The standard form of tender adopted for demolition of buildings and removal of debris from the site is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"CPWD Form 12\",\n      \"CPWD Form 11A\",\n      \"CPWD Form 47\",\n      \"CPWD Form 9\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.1(7)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Tender document for demolition of Buildings (CPWD Form 47): This form of tender is adopted for demolition of buildings and removal of debris from the site.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>This is the contractual instrument; the <i>decision<\/i> to demolish and the fixing of the reserve price are separately governed by <b>Paras 8.3 and 8.4<\/b>, under which an unsafe building is \\\"<i>disposed off without land by auction<\/i>\\\" and the reserve price is fixed on the assessed salvage value alone. Form 12 (option a) is the Lump sum Contract, Form 11A (option b) the Work Order, and Form 9 (option d) the form for supply of materials.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 9,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following standard forms is NOT correctly matched with its use?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"CPWD Form 7 \u2014 Percentage Rate Tender\",\n      \"CPWD Form 11A \u2014 Work Order for works awarded without call of tender\",\n      \"CPWD Form 9 \u2014 Supply of materials\",\n      \"CPWD Form 12 \u2014 Tender for demolition of buildings and removal of debris\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.1<\/b> \u2014 the mismatch is the last pair.<br><br><b>Para 1.1(6)<\/b> makes Form 12 the \\\"<i>Lump sum Contract document<\/i>\\\", used where contractors quote a lump sum amount against given designs, specifications and functional requirements, whereas <b>Para 1.1(7)<\/b> assigns demolition of buildings and removal of debris to <b>CPWD Form 47<\/b>. The other three pairings are exactly as stated in the Manual: Form 7 is the Percentage Rate Tender (Para 1.1(1)), Form 11A the Work Order binding the contractor as to quantity and time (Para 1.1(5)), and Form 9 the form for supply of materials, raw or finished (Para 1.1(3)).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 10,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below:\\n\\nList-I (Form)\\nA. CPWD Form 7\\nB. CPWD Form 9\\nC. CPWD Form 12\\nD. CPWD Form 47\\n\\nList-II (Use)\\n1. Tender for demolition of buildings\\n2. Percentage Rate Tender\\n3. Supply of materials\\n4. Lump sum Contract document\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1\",\n      \"A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1\",\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2\",\n      \"A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.1<\/b> \u2014 A\u21922: Form 7 is the Percentage Rate Tender, rates quoted \\\"<i>on percentage basis i.e. above or below the estimated cost put to tender<\/i>\\\" (Para 1.1(1)).<br><br>B\u21923: Form 9 is used \\\"<i>where the purchase of materials is involved<\/i>\\\" (Para 1.1(3)). C\u21924: Form 12 is the Lump sum Contract document (Para 1.1(6)). D\u21921: Form 47 is the tender document for demolition of buildings and removal of debris (Para 1.1(7)). The commonest error is swapping C and D, i.e. treating the lump sum form as the demolition form; the second commonest is swapping A with Form 8, the Item Rate Tender.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 11,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For works aided by the World Bank, the two authorities administering the contract, viz. the \\\"Employer\\\" and the \\\"Engineer\\\", are to be substituted in the Additional Conditions of Contract respectively by:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"The Central Public Works Department (represented by the Chief Engineer\/Superintending Engineer) and the Executive Engineer\/Engineer-in-Charge\",\n      \"The Director General, Central Public Works Department and the Superintending Engineer\",\n      \"The Executive Engineer\/Engineer-in-Charge and the Central Public Works Department (represented by the Chief Engineer\/Superintending Engineer)\",\n      \"The Chief Engineer and the Assistant Executive Engineer\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.1(9)<\/b> \u2014 the \\\"<i>Employer<\/i>\\\" is to be substituted with \\\"<i>The Central Public Works Department<\/i>\\\" represented by CE\/SE or any other authority designated by the CPWD Directorate, and the \\\"<i>Engineer<\/i>\\\" with \\\"<i>The EE\/Engineer-in-Charge<\/i>\\\", and the substitution \\\"<i>should be got approved by the World Bank representative<\/i>\\\".<br><br>Option (c) is the reversal trap \u2014 it inverts the two roles. The same para also permits only work-specific changes through additional conditions or contract data sheets: \\\"<i>No changes may be made in the standard wordings of the standard bidding document<\/i>\\\", and expressly preserves the Engineer-in-Charge's liberty to invite a third party to inspect the work.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 12,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Cash Settlement Suspense Account (CSSA) mode of funding is adopted for carrying out works pertaining to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"State governments and local bodies\",\n      \"projects funded by foreign countries\",\n      \"autonomous organizations and Public Sector Undertakings\",\n      \"the Cabinet Secretariat and the Ministry of Defence\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.2(4)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>CSSA-Cash Settlement Suspense Account: In this mode of funding, the funds are made available after carrying out the works pertaining to the Cabinet Secretariat and the Ministry of Defence.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The accounting sequence is distinctive: expenditure is booked by CPWD first in a suspense account, a bill is then raised on the user, and the suspense account is cleared on receipt of payment; the LOC is given by CCA against assurances given by the users. Options (a) and (c) belong to the <b>Deposit<\/b> mode under Para 1.2(3), which covers State governments, local bodies, PSUs and autonomous organizations; option (b) is the separate mode at Para 1.2(5), funding by foreign countries.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 13,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the Central Works Board:\\n1. The Board consists of a Chairman and six Members, the Director General being the Chairman.\\n2. The Chief Controller of Accounts, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, is a Member of the Board.\\n3. The Director (Works), Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, acts as the Member Secretary of the Board.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.3.1(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Board consists of a Chairman and six Members. The Director General, CPWD is the Chairman. The ADG(Tech), Director (Works) of MoHUA, CE CSQ (E), Chief Controller of Accounts, MoHUA and CE CSQ (Civil) are Members. The Director (finance), CPWD acts as the Member Secretary of the Board.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Statement 3 promotes a Member to Member Secretary: the Director (Works), MoHUA sits as one of the Members, while the secretarial office is held by the Director (Finance), CPWD. Under <b>Para 1.3.1(2)<\/b> the Board may co-opt members, including non-official experts, for advice on specialised projects such as aviation or factory works.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 14,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Under which mode of funding is the outlay provided from the financial estimates and accounts of the Union of India, which are laid before and voted by both the Houses of Parliament through the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"By Letter of Authorization\",\n      \"Deposit\",\n      \"Budgeted works\",\n      \"Cash Settlement Suspense Account\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.2(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Budgeted works: In this mode, outlay is provided from the financial estimates and accounts of the Union of India that are laid before and voted by both the Houses of Parliament through Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The same wording appears in the <b>Definitions<\/b> entry for \\\"<i>Budgeted Works<\/i>\\\". The parliamentary vote is the distinguishing feature: under Letter of Authorization (option a) funds merely move between two Departments of the Union through their PAOs; under Deposit (option b) the money comes from State governments, local bodies, PSUs or autonomous organizations; under CSSA (option d) expenditure is first booked to a suspense head and then recovered from the user.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 15,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Under the \\\"By Letter of Authorization\\\" mode of funding, the Pay and Accounts Officer of the Central Public Works Department \/ Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs is authorized to charge the expenditure to the relevant Heads of Account by:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the Director General, Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"the Chief Controller of Accounts, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\",\n      \"the Director (Finance), Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"the Pay and Accounts Officer of the client Department\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.2(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The budget is received through the Pay and Accounts Officer of user department. The PAO of CPWD\/MoHUA is authorized by the PAO of the user Department for charging the expenditure to the Heads of Account operated by the respective Ministries. This mode is adopted for transfer of funds from one department of government of India to other.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The authorisation therefore flows PAO-to-PAO, not through any executive or accounts head of CPWD. The CCA, MoHUA in option (b) issues the LOC under the CSSA mode (Para 1.2(4)) and prepares the Appropriation Accounts (Para 2.27.1); the Director (Finance), CPWD distributes funds internally under Para 2.23.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 16,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The 'Deposit' mode of funding is adopted for the works of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"State governments, local bodies, Public Sector Undertakings and autonomous organizations\",\n      \"the Cabinet Secretariat and the Ministry of Defence\",\n      \"projects completely funded by foreign countries\",\n      \"Central Government Ministries through the budgetary grants of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.2(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Deposit: This mode is adopted for the works of State governments, local bodies, PSUs, autonomous organizations etc.<\/i>\\\" The <b>Definitions<\/b> entry adds the essential test: the cost is \\\"<i>met out of Government grants to autonomous or semi-autonomous bodies or institutions through their Administrative Ministries, or is financed from non-Government sources<\/i>\\\", i.e. funds of a public nature not included in the financial estimates and accounts of the Union, or contributions from the public.<br><br>Option (b) is the CSSA mode (Para 1.2(4)); option (c) is funding by foreign countries (Para 1.2(5)); option (d) is the Budgeted works mode (Para 1.2(2)).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 17,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Central Works Board, constituted for approval of tenders and other miscellaneous matters relating to execution of works, consists of a Chairman and how many Members?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"three Members\",\n      \"six Members\",\n      \"four Members\",\n      \"seven Members\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.3.1(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Board consists of a Chairman and six Members. The Director General, CPWD is the Chairman.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The Manual names the ADG (Tech), Director (Works) of MoHUA, CE CSQ (E), Chief Controller of Accounts, MoHUA and CE CSQ (Civil) as Members, and provides separately that \\\"<i>The Director (finance), CPWD acts as the Member Secretary of the Board.<\/i>\\\" The figure \\\"<i>three<\/i>\\\" in option (a) is the strength of the <b>Regional Works Board<\/b> under Para 1.4.1(1) \u2014 a Chairman and three members \u2014 and is the standard trap. Under <b>Para 1.3<\/b> the Central Works Board is constituted by the Government of India \\\"<i>as laid down in the CPWD Code<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 18,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Who acts as the Member Secretary of the Central Works Board?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"The Additional Director General (Technical)\",\n      \"The Director (Works) of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\",\n      \"The Director (Finance), Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"The Chief Engineer CSQ (Civil)\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.3.1(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Director (finance), CPWD acts as the Member Secretary of the Board.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The officers in options (a), (b) and (d) \u2014 ADG (Tech), Director (Works) of MoHUA and CE CSQ (Civil) \u2014 are ordinary <i>Members<\/i>, along with CE CSQ (E) and the Chief Controller of Accounts, MoHUA; the Director General, CPWD is Chairman. The parallel trap lies in the Regional Works Board, where the Member Secretary is the <b>Chief Engineer (W & TLQA)<\/b> under Para 1.4.1(1) and the Director (Finance), CPWD is a <i>member<\/i>, not the secretary \u2014 the same officer therefore holds different capacities in the two Boards.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 19,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following officers with respect to the Central Works Board:\\n1. Additional Director General (Technical)\\n2. Director (Works) of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\\n3. Chief Controller of Accounts, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\\n4. Director (Finance), Central Public Works Department\\n\\nWhich of the above are Members, and not the Member Secretary, of the Board?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.3.1(1)<\/b> \u2014 the Members are \\\"<i>The ADG(Tech), Director (Works) of MoHUA, CE CSQ (E), Chief Controller of Accounts, MoHUA and CE CSQ (Civil)<\/i>\\\", so statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct. Statement 4 is the deliberate error: the Director (Finance), CPWD \\\"<i>acts as the Member Secretary of the Board<\/i>\\\" and is therefore not counted among the Members.<br><br><b>Para 1.3.1(2)<\/b> further empowers the Board to co-opt members, including non-official experts and representatives of other Administrative Departments, for advice on Specialized Projects such as Aviation Works, Factory Works and Projects.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 20,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Regional Works Board, constituted for approval of tenders within its delegation of financial powers, consists of a Chairman and how many members?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"six members\",\n      \"four members\",\n      \"two members\",\n      \"three members\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.4.1(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The RWB consists of a Chairman and three members.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The three are the ADG of the Region and the Director (Finance), CPWD or a representative of CCA as members, with the Chief Engineer (W & TLQA) as Member Secretary; the Special DG concerned acts as Chairman. \\\"<i>Six<\/i>\\\" in option (a) is the strength of the <b>Central Works Board<\/b> under Para 1.3.1(1) and is the intended trap. Under <b>Para 1.4<\/b>, Regional Works Boards are constituted \\\"<i>for approval of tenders within its delegation of financial powers as notified by the CPWD Directorate<\/i>\\\", the details being in SOP No. 5\/7.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 21,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the Regional Works Board, who acts as the Chairman?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"The Chief Engineer (W & TLQA)\",\n      \"The Special Director General concerned, as notified by the Central Public Works Department Directorate\",\n      \"The Additional Director General of the Region\",\n      \"The Director General, Central Public Works Department\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.4.1(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Special DG concerned as notified by the CPWD directorate acts as Chairman, ADG of the Region and Director (Finance) CPWD\/representative of CCA as members.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Option (c), the ADG of the Region, is a <i>member<\/i> only; option (a), the Chief Engineer (W & TLQA), is the <b>Member Secretary<\/b>, and the secretarial work of the Board is done by the unit attached to him. Option (d) is the classic cross-Board trap \u2014 the Director General, CPWD chairs the <b>Central<\/b> Works Board under Para 1.3.1(1), not the Regional Works Board. The concerned CE\/SE only \\\"<i>presents the case before the Board<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 22,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Unless otherwise notified by the Central Public Works Department Directorate, the Member Secretary of the Regional Works Board is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the Director (Finance), Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"the Chief Engineer (W & TLQA)\",\n      \"the Additional Director General of the Region\",\n      \"the concerned Chief Engineer\/Superintending Engineer\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.4.1(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Chief Engineer (W & TLQA) or as notified by CPWD Directorate is the Member Secretary of the RWB. The Secretarial work of the Board is to be done by the unit attached to Chief Engineer (W & TLQA).<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Option (d) is the sharpest trap: the concerned CE\/SE merely \\\"<i>presents the case before the Board<\/i>\\\" and holds no seat on it. The Director (Finance), CPWD in option (a) is a <i>member<\/i> of the RWB for Delhi; for other stations that member is nominated by CCA, MoHUA. The ADG of the Region in option (c) is likewise a member, not the secretary.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 23,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"To ensure transparency and uniformity while declaring works as emergent, the competent authority who should record the prescribed certificate that the work has arisen all of a sudden and is of inescapable nature is the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Engineer-in-Charge\",\n      \"Executive Engineer\/Assistant Executive Engineer\",\n      \"Chief Engineer\/Additional Director General\/Special Director General\",\n      \"Superintending Engineer\/Executive Engineer\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.5(1)(xi)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>the Competent Authority i.e. CE\/ADG\/SDG should record a certificate that: (a) The work has arisen all of sudden. (b) The work is of inescapable nature requiring immediate action that cannot brook any delay.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The same authority may also decide the mode of calling quotations, spot or through the e-tender portal, duly supported with reasons. The Engineer-in-Charge in option (a) has a different role \u2014 he \\\"<i>shall proceed to carry out the necessary work<\/i>\\\" as per his competence; and under <b>Para 1.5(2)(i)<\/b> it is the Engineer-in-Charge who assesses urgency for <i>urgent<\/i>, as distinct from <i>emergent<\/i>, works.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 24,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For emergent works executed without call of tenders, spot quotations shall be collected by officers not below the level of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Junior Engineer\/Assistant Engineer\",\n      \"Superintending Engineer\/Chief Engineer\",\n      \"Executive Engineer\",\n      \"Assistant Engineer\/Assistant Executive Engineer\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.5(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Such emergent works can be executed without call of tenders by issuing work order or on hand receipt after collecting spot quotations as per delegation of powers given in 'Financial Powers Delegated to CPWD Officers'. Spot quotations shall be collected by officers not below the level of AE\/AEE.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The floor is therefore AE\/AEE, which rules out the Junior Engineer in option (a). Options (b) and (c) set the bar too high \u2014 the CE\/ADG\/SDG under Para 1.5(1)(xi) only records the emergency certificate and decides the mode of calling quotations, while the SE\/CE under Para 1.5(1)(xii) compiles spot-quotation awards quarterly.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 25,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Details of works awarded on the basis of spot quotation are required to be compiled by each circle or zone and submitted to the Additional Director General\/Special Director General on which basis?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Half-yearly\",\n      \"Annually\",\n      \"Quarterly\",\n      \"Monthly\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.5(1)(xii)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Details of works awarded on the basis of spot quotation should be compiled by each circle\/zone (SE\/CE) on quarterly basis and submitted to ADG\/SDG.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>An identical quarterly discipline applies to <i>urgent<\/i> works under <b>Para 1.5(2)(ii)<\/b>, where the compilation is submitted to ADG\/SDG \\\"<i>for review<\/i>\\\". The other periodicities in the options are drawn from Chapter 2: under <b>Para 2.27.2.1<\/b> the Central Audit Committee meets half-yearly, the Regional Audit Committee quarterly and the Zonal\/Circle Audit Committee monthly, while the Form No. 8 statement of excesses and savings under Para 2.26.2(1) is annual.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 26,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:\\nList-I (Matter)\\nA. Clarification or interpretation of a provision relating to engineering and technical matters\\nB. Matters relating to financial policy, delegation of financial powers or other policy matters\\nC. Chairmanship of the Regional Works Board\\nList-II (Authority)\\n1. The Special Director General concerned, as notified by the Directorate\\n2. The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\\n3. The Director General, CPWD\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-2, B-3, C-1\",\n      \"A-1, B-2, C-3\",\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1\",\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.6<\/b> \u2014 a clarification \\\"<i>shall be referred to DG, CPWD who being technical Advisor to GoI, shall be the competent authority to decide and make necessary amendments in engineering and technical matters<\/i>\\\", giving A-3; the same paragraph provides that matters of financial policy, delegation of financial powers \\\"<i>or any other policy matters issued by the GOI, shall be referred to MoHUA<\/i>\\\", giving B-2.<br><br><b>Para 1.4.1(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Special DG concerned as notified by the CPWD directorate acts as Chairman<\/i>\\\" of the Regional Works Board, giving C-1. The dividing line is technical versus policy, not seniority.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 27,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In respect of an urgent or emergent work, the responsibility for ensuring that the work has been sanctioned by the competent authority before payment is released rests with the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Pay and Accounts Officer concerned\",\n      \"Cheque Drawing and Disbursing Officer\",\n      \"Director (Finance), Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"Superintending Engineer of the Circle\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.5(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The competent officer should initiate action for the A\/A & E\/S and accord of T\/S (if applicable) to regularize the liability. <b>CDDO should ensure sanction of urgent\/emergent work by competent authority before release of payment.<\/b><\/i>\\\" The check is therefore a pre-payment check exercised at the disbursing stage by the Cheque Drawing and Disbursing Officer, i.e. the Divisional Officer, and not by the PAO in option (a), whose role under Para 1.2(1) relates to authorising expenditure to Heads of Account.<br><br>Note the sequence: the Engineer-in-Charge first proceeds with the work, and regularisation through A\/A & E\/S and T\/S follows.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 28,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"With reference to works of inescapable nature, consider the following statements:\\n1. Emergent works can be executed without call of tenders by issuing a work order or on hand receipt after collecting spot quotations.\\n2. Normal works which require a compressed schedule for completion or early start are to be treated as Emergent works.\\n3. For urgent works, availability of funds needs to be ensured before taking up execution.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.5(1)<\/b> validates statement 1 \u2014 emergent works \\\"<i>can be executed without call of tenders by issuing work order or on hand receipt after collecting spot quotations<\/i>\\\".<br><br><b>Para 1.5(2)(i)<\/b> validates statement 3 \u2014 \\\"<i>Under these situations availability of funds needs to be ensured before taking up execution of such works.<\/i>\\\" Statement 2 is falsified by the closing note to Para 1.5(1): \\\"<i>Normal works which require compressed schedule for completion\/early start should <b>not<\/b> be considered as Emergent works.<\/i>\\\" Such works fall instead under <b>Urgent Works<\/b> in Para 1.5(2), which are expressly \\\"<i>not to be treated at par with the works to be taken up under emergency situations<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 29,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For urgent works, work orders are normally to be placed after an open call of quotations with publicity through the web for works up to an estimated cost of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 2 lacs\",\n      \"Rs. 10 lacs\",\n      \"Rs. 5 lacs\",\n      \"Rs. 20 lacs\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.5(2)(i)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Normally, unless situation warrants otherwise, work orders shall be placed after open call of quotations with publicity through web for works upto Rs 5 lacs. Quotations for works with estimated cost more than Rs. 5 lacs shall be invited through e-tendering platform.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Rs. 5 lakh is thus the switch-over point from web-publicised quotations to the e-tendering platform. Only \\\"<i>in case of exigencies, with recorded reasons<\/i>\\\" may an urgent work be executed on spot quotations. For Deposit works the same para adds a further safeguard \u2014 urgent works \\\"<i>can be taken up on written request of the user<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 30,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The responsibility for assessing the urgency of an urgent work rests with the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Notice Inviting Tender approving authority\",\n      \"Chief Engineer\/Superintending Engineer\",\n      \"Additional Director General\/Special Director General\",\n      \"Engineer-in-Charge\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.5(2)(i)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Engineer-in-Charge shall be responsible for assessing the urgency of the work.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>This is the deliberate contrast with emergent works, where under <b>Para 1.5(1)(xi)<\/b> the CE\/ADG\/SDG must record the certificate that the work arose all of a sudden and is of inescapable nature. Option (c) is the reporting authority only \u2014 under Para 1.5(2)(ii) details of urgent works are compiled by each circle\/zone (SE\/CE) quarterly \\\"<i>and submitted to ADG\/SDG for review<\/i>\\\". The NIT approving authority in option (a) is concerned with the tender document, publicity period and validity, not with the urgency assessment.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 31,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For clarification or interpretation of any provision relating to engineering and technical matters, the matter is required to be referred to the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Central Vigilance Commission\",\n      \"Director General, Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"Ministry of Finance\",\n      \"Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.6<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>the matter shall be referred to DG, CPWD who being technical Advisor to GoI, shall be the competent authority to decide and make necessary amendments in engineering and technical matters.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The division of labour is precise: technical questions go to DG, CPWD, while \\\"<i>matters relating to financial policy, delegation of financial powers or any other policy matters issued by the GOI, shall be referred to MoHUA<\/i>\\\" \u2014 so option (d) is the trap for the second limb. The CVC in option (a) enters the Manual only through its technical wing, the Chief Technical Examiner's Organization, under <b>Para 7.1.1<\/b>, which inspects works from the vigilance angle.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 32,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Matters relating to financial policy, delegation of financial powers or any other policy matters issued by the Government of India are required to be referred to the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Director General, Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"Central Works Board\",\n      \"Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\",\n      \"Ministry of Finance\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.6<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>For matters relating to financial policy, delegation of financial powers or any other policy matters issued by the GOI, shall be referred to MoHUA.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Option (a) is the counterpart limb of the same para: engineering and technical clarifications go to DG, CPWD, who as technical Adviser to the Government of India may also make the necessary amendments. The Ministry of Finance in option (d) appears elsewhere \u2014 its prior consent is needed under <b>Para 5.0(5)<\/b> for a contract involving uncertain or indefinite liability, and under <b>Para 2.26.2(2)<\/b> its sanction regularises excess over non-voted expenditure.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 33,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"All of the following are listed as works of an emergent nature EXCEPT:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"restoration of essential services in case of accidents or break down\",\n      \"ceremonial functions at the time of death of the President\/Ex-President, Vice President\/Ex-Vice President and Prime Minister\/Ex-Prime Minister\",\n      \"works ordered by the OSD\/PS to the Prime Minister, the OSD to the Deputy Prime Minister and the Vice President Secretariat within a specific time frame\",\n      \"normal works requiring a compressed schedule for completion or an early start\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.5(1)<\/b> lists, at (iii), (iv) and (vi) respectively, restoration of essential services in case of accidents\/break down, ceremonial functions at the time of death of the President\/Ex-President, Vice President\/Ex-Vice President and Prime Minister\/Ex-Prime Minister, and works ordered by OSD\/PS to PM, OSD to Dy PM and Vice President Secretariat within a specific time frame.<br><br>The closing note to the same para supplies the answer in terms: \\\"<i>Normal works which require compressed schedule for completion\/early start should not be considered as Emergent works.<\/i>\\\" These belong to <b>Urgent Works<\/b> under Para 1.5(2), for which funds must first be ensured.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 34,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Apart from the categories expressly listed, any other work may be declared as Emergent by:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the Executive Engineer\",\n      \"the Superintending Engineer\",\n      \"the Chief Engineer, or the next authority if there is no Chief Engineer\",\n      \"the Director General, Central Public Works Department only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.5(1)(x)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Any other work, apart from the above, declared as Emergent by the CE or the next authority if there is no CE.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The residuary power thus vests at Chief Engineer level, with an express fall-back where the post does not exist in the chain \u2014 which is consistent with point 4 of <b>About the Manual<\/b>, that where authorities of one or more levels are missing it is always open to a higher authority to exercise the powers delegated to a lower one. Restricting the power to DG, CPWD as in option (d) is wrong; DG's role under Para 1.6 is to clarify and amend engineering and technical provisions.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 35,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"While declaring a work as emergent, the competent authority is additionally empowered to decide:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the class of contractor from whom the work may be got executed\",\n      \"the mode of calling quotations, that is, whether spot or through the e-tender portal\",\n      \"the rate at which payment is to be released on hand receipt\",\n      \"the period within which the work is to be completed\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.5(1)(xi)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Competent Authority while declaring any work as emergent may also decide the mode of calling quotations i.e. whether spot or through e-tender portal duly supported with reasons.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>This power is annexed to the certificate the CE\/ADG\/SDG must record that the work arose suddenly and is of inescapable nature. The choice matters procedurally, because under <b>Para 4.1(4)<\/b> the quotation accepting authority may decide the publicity period \\\"<i>except in case of spot quotations, subject to minimum period of two working days<\/i>\\\" \u2014 a spot quotation therefore carries no publicity period at all.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 36,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the Works Boards:\\n1. The Central Works Board may co-opt members, including non-official experts, for advice on the execution of Specialized Projects such as Aviation Works and Factory Works.\\n2. The Regional Works Board may co-opt the representative of the user department as a Member, if so required.\\n3. The secretarial work of the Regional Works Board is done by the unit attached to the Director (Finance), Central Public Works Department.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.3.1(2)<\/b> supports statement 1 \u2014 the Board may co-opt members \\\"<i>including non-official experts and the representatives of the other Administrative Departments<\/i>\\\" for advice on Specialized Projects i.e. Aviation Works, Factory Works, Projects etc. <b>Para 1.4.1(2)<\/b> supports statement 2 in identical terms for the user department's representative.<br><br>Statement 3 alters a single functionary and is therefore false: under <b>Para 1.4.1(1)<\/b>, \\\"<i>The Secretarial work of the Board is to be done by the unit attached to Chief Engineer (W & TLQA) or as notified from time to time by CPWD Directorate<\/i>\\\"; the Director (Finance) is only a member of the RWB for Delhi.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 37,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 1: General Provisions\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the Regional Works Board at stations other than Delhi, the member who takes the place of the Director (Finance), Central Public Works Department is nominated by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Special Director General of the Region\",\n      \"Director General, Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"Chief Engineer (W & TLQA)\",\n      \"Chief Controller of Accounts, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.4.1(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Director (Finance), CPWD is the member of the RWB for Delhi as notified by CPWD Directorate, while for other stations, the member is nominated by CCA, MoHUA.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The finance representation on the Board is thus preserved everywhere, only its source changes with the station. Option (a) is the Chairman of the Board, not the nominating authority for its finance member; option (c) is the Member Secretary; and DG, CPWD in option (b) chairs the <b>Central<\/b> Works Board under Para 1.3.1(1). The CCA, MoHUA is separately a Member of the Central Works Board.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 38,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following documents:\\n1. Bills Register\\n2. Register of works\\n3. Register of Buildings\\n4. Materials Account\\n\\nWhich of the above are among the mandatory documents prescribed for proper accounting of works?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.1<\/b> lists exactly five documents as \\\"<i>mandatory for proper accounting for the works as prescribed in CPW Accounts Code and O\/o CCA, MoHUA<\/i>\\\": Bills Register, Contractor's ledger, Register of works, Materials Account and Cash Book.<br><br>Statements 1, 2 and 4 are therefore correct. Statement 3 is the planted error \u2014 the <b>Register of Buildings<\/b> is a maintenance-side asset record required of \\\"<i>every Division<\/i>\\\" under <b>Para 15.3<\/b>, with the instructions for maintaining it in SOP 15\/1, and forms no part of the Para 2.1 list. The procedure and responsibility for all five documents are defined in the CPW Accounts Code.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 39,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The budget authority for the preparation and submission of all Budget related proposals for the Central Public Works Department to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs is the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Director (Finance), Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"Director General, Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"Chief Controller of Accounts, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\",\n      \"Additional Director General (Technical)\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.4.2<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Director General is the budget authority for the preparation and submission of all Budget related proposals for CPWD to MoHUA.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The Director (Finance) in option (a) has a distinct role: under <b>Para 2.23(1)<\/b> he \\\"<i>functions as IFD of CPWD<\/i>\\\" and distributes the allocated funds, and under <b>Para 2.14(3)<\/b> he scrutinises new works proposals and forwards his findings through ADG (Works)\/DG to MoHUA by 30th September. The CCA, MoHUA in option (c) belongs to the accounts stream \u2014 under <b>Para 2.27.1(1)<\/b> he prepares the annual Appropriation Accounts for the Demands for Grants.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 40,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"As regards appropriations granted by Parliament from the Consolidated Fund of India, which one of the following is correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Unspent budget can be carried forward to meet demands in the next financial year\",\n      \"Unspent budget is transferred to the Contingency Fund of India\",\n      \"Savings may be held in reserve for meeting possible future excesses\",\n      \"Appropriations expire at the end of the financial year and all unutilized funds 'lapse'\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.5<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>All appropriations granted by the Parliament expire at the end of financial year and no deduction of unspent budget can be appropriated for meeting the demands in the next financial year. Thus, all unutilized funds within the year 'lapse' at the end of the financial year.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Option (c) is separately and expressly prohibited by <b>Para 2.20.1(b)<\/b>: \\\"<i>No savings are to be held in reserve for meeting possible excesses in future.<\/i>\\\" The Contingency Fund in option (b) is used only under <b>Para 2.13(6)<\/b>, to meet an immediate payment on a decree or award where the budget provision proves inadequate.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 41,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Relatively large expenditure arising out of an important expansion of an existing activity is treated as a:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"New Instrument of Service\",\n      \"Supplementary Grant\",\n      \"Charged Expenditure\",\n      \"New Service\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.7<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>relatively large expenditure arising out of important expansion of an existing activity is treated as a 'New Instrument of Service'.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The companion term is defined in the preceding sentence: \\\"<i>'New Services' refer to expenditure arising out of a new policy decision, not brought to the notice of the Parliament earlier.<\/i>\\\" The distinction is therefore between a <i>new<\/i> policy and the <i>expansion<\/i> of an existing one. Both attract the same consequence: no expenditure may be incurred from the Consolidated Fund on either \\\"<i>without prior approval of the Parliament through a Supplementary Grant<\/i>\\\" \u2014 which is why option (b) is a consequence, not a classification.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 42,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"No expenditure can be incurred from the Consolidated Fund of India on a 'New Service' or 'New Instrument of Service' without prior approval of the Parliament through a:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Re-appropriation\",\n      \"Supplementary Grant\",\n      \"advance from the Contingency Fund of India\",\n      \"Vote on Account\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.7<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>No expenditure can be incurred from the Consolidated Fund of India on a 'New Service'\/'New Instrument of Service' without prior approval of the Parliament through a Supplementary Grant.<\/i>\\\"<br><br><b>Para 2.20.3<\/b> reinforces this through Rule 66 of GFR: where savings are unavailable within the Grant, or the expenditure is on a New Service or New Instrument of Service not provided in the budget, the Supplementary Grant or Appropriation must be obtained \\\"<i>in accordance with Article 115 (1) of the Constitution<\/i>\\\" before payment is authorised. Re-appropriation in option (a) is expressly the alternative that is <i>not<\/i> available in these situations.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 43,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Final Budget is required to be based on the expenditure actually incurred for the months up to which date, together with an assessment of anticipated expenditure for the remaining three months?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"31st October\",\n      \"30th November\",\n      \"31st December\",\n      \"28th February\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.8<\/b> \u2014 the Final Budget \\\"<i>is to be based on the expenditure actually incurred for the months till 31st December and assessment of anticipated expenditure during the remaining three months i.e. till 31st March, taking into account the progress of the works and the posts in existence.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Crucially, \\\"<i>Any modifications in the requirements thereafter will be considered as 'Surrenders of Anticipated Savings' or 'Applications for Supplementary Grants' by Re-appropriations<\/i>\\\". 30th November in option (b) is the due date under <b>Para 2.18(1)<\/b> for submitting the revenue receipts estimate to the CCA, MoHUA \u2014 a different return altogether.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 44,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"All expenditure connected with the satisfaction of decrees of the Courts is treated as 'Charged' expenditure, except in certain cases. Which one of the following Act\u2013year pairings is correctly stated as one such excepted case?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Workmen's Compensation Act, 1948\",\n      \"Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1956\",\n      \"Industrial Disputes Act, 1956\",\n      \"Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.13(1)(a)<\/b> lists four payments that are <i>not<\/i> treated as Charged: awards under the Land Acquisition Act; \\\"<i>Payment of compensation under the Workmen's Compensation Act, <b>1923<\/b><\/i>\\\"; \\\"<i>Payment of awards by Arbitrators under Arbitration and Conciliation Act, <b>1996<\/b><\/i>\\\"; and \\\"<i>Payment by Arbitrators under Industrial Disputes Act, <b>1947<\/b><\/i>\\\".<br><br>Options (a), (b) and (c) each carry a wrong year for a real Act \u2014 1948, 1956 and 1956 respectively. Under <b>Para 2.13(2)<\/b> these payments \\\"<i>should be made out of the Voted portion of the grants<\/i>\\\"; the 1996 Act is also the governing statute for arbitration under Para 5.21.1.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 45,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Refunds of Security Deposits are debited to 'Public Accounts' if kept in that account. However, if the deposit has been forfeited, the refund is to be treated as:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"'Charged Expenditure'\",\n      \"a Deposit in the Public Accounts\",\n      \"a deduction from the receipt heads\",\n      \"a refund of revenue\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.13(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Refunds of Security Deposits should be debited to 'Public Accounts' if the same is kept in that account. On the other hand, if the deposit has been forfeited, the refund should be treated as 'Charged Expenditure'.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The reason is that once forfeited, the amount has already been taken to the receipt side, so its return is not a repayment of a deposit but a charge on the Consolidated Fund. Option (d) belongs to <b>Para 2.13(2)<\/b>, which treats refunds of revenue and of security deposits lodged and kept in the Public Accounts as \\\"<i>refunds of revenue<\/i>\\\" adjusted as a deduction from the respective heads.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 46,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For new construction projects other than those of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, the new works proposals are required to be sent by the concerned Chief Engineer\/Budgetary Head to the Director (Finance), Central Public Works Department by which date every year?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"30th September\",\n      \"31st August\",\n      \"30th November\",\n      \"31st December\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.14(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The new works proposals, after complying with the above requirements, should be sent by the concerned Chief Engineer\/Budgetary Head to the Director (Fin), CPWD O\/o Director General, CPWD by 31st August, every year.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The pair of dates in this para must be kept apart: under <b>Para 2.14(3)<\/b> the Director (Finance) then \\\"<i>will scrutinize the proposals and forward his findings through ADG (Works)\/DG or as notified by CPWD Directorate to the MoHUA by 30th September, of every year<\/i>\\\". 30th November in option (c) is the Revenue Estimates date under Para 2.18(1); 31st December in option (d) is the Form No. 8 date under Para 2.26.2(1).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 47,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Director (Finance), Central Public Works Department scrutinizes the new works proposals for projects other than those of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs and forwards the findings to that Ministry by which date every year?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"31st August\",\n      \"30th November\",\n      \"30th September\",\n      \"31st December\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.14(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Director (Finance), CPWD will scrutinize the proposals and forward his findings through ADG (Works)\/DG or as notified by CPWD Directorate to the MoHUA by 30th September, of every year.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The route matters as much as the date: the findings travel upward through ADG (Works)\/DG before reaching the Ministry. 31st August in option (a) is the earlier leg of the same cycle under Para 2.14(2), when the CE\/Budgetary Head submits the proposals to the Director (Finance). The statements themselves must be prepared Scheme\/Non-Scheme and Residential\/Non-Residential wise, grouped Project Region\/Region\/zone-wise.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 48,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding re-appropriation of funds:\\n1. A transfer of funds from one primary unit of appropriation to another such unit is termed re-appropriation, and can be sanctioned only by the competent authority prescribed under the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules and the orders of the Ministry of Finance.\\n2. Transfer of funds within one primary unit of appropriation under the same grant, involving two or more Zones, likewise amounts to re-appropriation.\\n3. The provisions relating to re-appropriation of funds are contained in Rule 65 of the General Financial Rules, 2017.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"Statements 1 and 3 reproduce <b>Paras 2.22(1) and 2.22(3)<\/b> exactly.<br><br>Statement 2 reverses <b>Para 2.22(2)<\/b>, which says such a transfer \\\"<i>does not amount to re-appropriation, and does not, therefore, attract the provisions of Rule 10 of the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules, because Appropriation Accounts are prepared on the basis of the total grant under a particular primary unit of appropriation in all the CPWD Zones.<\/i>\\\" The reason matters: since the Appropriation Accounts aggregate the primary unit across all Zones, moving money between Zones inside that unit leaves the accounts undisturbed.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 49,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For 'Minor Works' and 'Maintenance and Repairs', the demands are chargeable to which Major heads of account?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"'059 Public Works' and '0216 Housing'\",\n      \"'059 Public Works' and '2216 Housing-Government Residential Buildings'\",\n      \"'2059 Public Works' and '0216 Housing'\",\n      \"'2059 Public Works' and '2216 Housing-Government Residential Buildings'\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.16(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>For 'Minor Works' and 'Maintenance and Repairs' chargeable to the Major head '2059 Public Works' and '2216 Housing-Government Residential Buildings', demands should be provided justifying the total demand for each work\/sub-head.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The 2000-series heads are <i>expenditure<\/i> heads. The trap in the other options is the pair of <i>receipt<\/i> heads \u2014 under <b>Para 2.18(1)<\/b> CPWD's miscellaneous receipts, such as rents, licence fee and sale of tender forms, fall under \\\"<i>059 Public Works<\/i>\\\" and \\\"<i>0216 Housing<\/i>\\\". Such demands must also \\\"<i>be based on realistic assessment of the expenditure likely to be incurred during the current financial year<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 50,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"As an expenditure department, the Central Public Works Department deals with miscellaneous receipts occurring in discharge of its departmental functions under which Heads of Accounts?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"'059 Public Works' and '0216 Housing'\",\n      \"'2059 Public Works' and '2216 Housing'\",\n      \"'2059 Public Works' and '0216 Housing'\",\n      \"'059 Public Works' and '2216 Housing'\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.18(1)<\/b> \u2014 CPWD \\\"<i>does not deal with the revenue portion of the budget, except in respect of miscellaneous receipts occurring in discharge of the departmental functions under the Heads of Accounts '059 Public Works' and '0216 Housing'.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>These receipts comprise rents of land and buildings, licence fee, sale of tender forms and of produce, supervision charges on sales of stock, profits on revaluation of stores, unclaimed balances under \\\"<i>Purchases<\/i>\\\", recovery of departmental charges, and lapsed or forfeited deposits. The expenditure heads 2059 and 2216 in the other options belong to Para 2.16(2), covering Minor Works and Maintenance and Repairs.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 51,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The estimate of miscellaneous revenue receipts is required to be submitted, as per the CPW Accounts Code, to the Chief Controller of Accounts of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs by which date every year?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"31st August\",\n      \"30th November\",\n      \"30th September\",\n      \"31st December\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.18(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>This is required to be submitted as per CPW Accounts Code by 30th November every year to the Chief Controller of Accounts of MoHUA.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Note the separate rule in <b>Para 2.18(2)<\/b>: estimates of rent recoveries adjustable under Major head \\\"<i>0216<\/i>\\\" are furnished by the CCA, MoHUA himself, except where a Department has a separate pool of accommodation \u2014 such as Delhi and other Union Territories, the India Meteorological Department, CBDT and CBIC \u2014 in which case those Accounts Officers furnish the \\\"<i>License fee<\/i>\\\" estimates directly to the Budget Division. The other three dates belong to Paras 2.14(2), 2.14(3) and 2.26.2(1).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 52,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The estimates of funds required under the Head 'Salaries' in the Budget are framed on the basis of trends over the preceding:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"2 years\",\n      \"5 years\",\n      \"3 years\",\n      \"1 year\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.17(1)<\/b> \u2014 the estimates \\\"<i>will be framed on the basis of trends over the preceding 3 years, considering other relevant factors, like changes in rates of pay, allowances, number of posts and their filling and the economy instructions issued by the Ministry of Finance from time to time<\/i>\\\".<br><br><b>Para 2.17(3)<\/b> adds that provisions for posts lying vacant and on deputation must also be considered, so that the demand is realistic. Under <b>Para 2.17(4)<\/b> the demand under \\\"<i>Establishment<\/i>\\\" is shown under four sub-heads \u2014 Salary (officers and staff), Allowances other than Travelling Allowances, Wages, and Travelling Allowances.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 53,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For putting in place an effective mechanism to realistically assess fund requirements and ward off unwarranted surrender of savings, which Rule of the General Financial Rules, 2017 may be referred?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rule 130\",\n      \"Rule 65\",\n      \"Rule 66\",\n      \"Rule 62\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.20.1(c)<\/b> \u2014 the Budget Division, Ministry of Finance has issued instructions on the need to \\\"<i>put in place effective mechanism for realistically assessing their requirement of funds in a way that would ward off the occurrence of unwarranted surrender of savings at a later date. In this regard, Rule 62 of GFR 2017 may be referred.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The other rules cited in the Manual are close neighbours and make good traps: <b>Rule 65<\/b> governs re-appropriation of funds (Para 2.22(3)); <b>Rule 66<\/b> governs Supplementary Grants read with Article 115(1) (Para 2.20.3); and <b>Rule 130<\/b> classifies minor works adding capital value as Original Works (Para 9.1).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 54,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where savings are not available within the Grant to which the payment is to be debited, the necessary Supplementary Grant or Appropriation is to be obtained in accordance with which Article of the Constitution before payment is authorized?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Article 115(1)\",\n      \"Article 299(1)\",\n      \"Article 114\",\n      \"Article 112\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.20.3<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>As per Rule 66 of GFR, if savings are not available within the Grant to which the payment is required to be debited, or if the expenditure is on 'New Service' or 'New Instrument of Service' not provided in the budget, necessary Supplementary Grant or Appropriation in accordance with Article 115 (1) of the Constitution should be obtained before payment is authorized.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Option (b) is the standard cross-chapter trap: <b>Article 299(1)<\/b> is the provision under which, per Para 5.0(1), all contracts are executed by the Engineer-in-Charge \\\"<i>for and on behalf of the President of India<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 55,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where the variation in a sub-head does not exceed the prescribed limit and is in excess, reasons must be included in the Appropriation Account in all cases in which the excess exceeds what percentage of the total sanctioned provision, or as prescribed, whichever is higher?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"5%\",\n      \"10%\",\n      \"15%\",\n      \"33%\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.21(2)(b)(i)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>All cases in which the excess exceeds 10% of the total sanctioned provision or as prescribed, whichever is higher<\/i>\\\" must be explained; total sanctioned provision means the original provision, the supplementary provision, or both taken together.<br><br>The same 10% threshold governs savings under sub-clause (ii). The distractor 33% belongs to <b>Para 2.24(3)<\/b>, where last-quarter expenditure should not exceed 33% of BE. Where the variation <i>exceeds<\/i> the prescribed limit, Para 2.21(2)(a) requires all variations to be explained \\\"<i>irrespective of the percentage which the variation bears to the sanctioned provision<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 56,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A transfer of funds within one primary unit of appropriation under the same grant and involving two or more Zones:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"amounts to re-appropriation and attracts Rule 10 of the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules\",\n      \"does not amount to re-appropriation and does not attract Rule 10 of the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules\",\n      \"is permissible only with the sanction of the Ministry of Finance\",\n      \"requires prior approval of the Parliament\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.22(2)<\/b> \u2014 such a transfer \\\"<i>does not amount to re-appropriation, and does not, therefore, attract the provisions of Rule 10 of the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules, because Appropriation Accounts are prepared on the basis of the total grant under a particular primary unit of appropriation in all the CPWD Zones.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The reasoning is accounting-based: the zones are not separate units of appropriation. Re-appropriation proper, defined in <b>Para 2.22(1)<\/b> as a transfer \\\"<i>from one primary unit of appropriation to another such unit<\/i>\\\", can be sanctioned only by the competent authority under DFPR and the orders of the Ministry of Finance, and is governed by Rule 65 of GFR 2017.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 57,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Provisions relating to the Re-appropriation of Funds are contained in which Rule of the General Financial Rules, 2017?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rule 62\",\n      \"Rule 172\",\n      \"Rule 66\",\n      \"Rule 65\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.22(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Rule 65 of GFR 2017 regarding provisions relating to the Re-appropriation of Funds, relevant rules under DFPR are given in SOP 2\/4.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Each distractor is a real GFR rule used elsewhere in the Manual: <b>Rule 62<\/b> concerns the mechanism for realistically assessing fund requirements to avoid unwarranted surrenders (Para 2.20.1(c)); <b>Rule 66<\/b> governs Supplementary Grants read with Article 115(1) (Para 2.20.3); and <b>Rule 172(1)<\/b> lays down that payments for services rendered or supplies made should ordinarily be released only after the services are rendered or supplies made (Para 14.4(1)).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 58,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"According to the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Finance, the last quarter expenditure should not exceed what percentage of the Budget Estimates, and what percentage should not be exceeded in the month of March?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"33% of the Budget Estimates and 10% in March\",\n      \"33% of the Budget Estimates and 15% in March\",\n      \"40% of the Budget Estimates and 20% in March\",\n      \"25% of the Budget Estimates and 10% in March\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.24(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>According to the guidelines issued by the MoF, last Quarter expenditures should not exceed 33% of BE and 15% in the month of March of the financial year. Rush of expenditure in any month should be avoided.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The para also fixes accountability: FOs\/SEs must watch the pace of expenditure against physical progress in their zones\/circles, and the Director (Finance) must take corrective action through budget reduction or adjustment among zones. It closes with an express warning that units \\\"<i>will not try to incur expenditure due to surplus funds at their disposal, merely to avoid the lapses without following prescribed procedure and formalities<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 59,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"With reference to the reconciliation of accounts, consider the following statements:\\n1. Reconciliation is to be made monthly.\\n2. Chief Engineers\/Director General maintain consolidated Zone-wise and grant-wise records in Form no. GFR 12.\\n3. The initial responsibility for reconciliation rests with the Chief Engineer.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.25(1)<\/b> supports statement 1 \u2014 the concerned ADG\/SDG must \\\"<i>ensure that all divisions are performing their function under stipulated time and the reconciliation should be made monthly<\/i>\\\".<br><br><b>Para 2.25(2)<\/b> supports statement 2 \u2014 the Chief Engineers\/Director General as Heads of Department maintain consolidated Zone-wise and grant-wise records, Major Head, Minor Head and Sub-Head wise, \\\"<i>in Form no. GFR 12<\/i>\\\". Statement 3 alters the functionary and is false: the same sentence in Para 2.25(1) places \\\"<i>the initial responsibility resting with the <b>Accounts Officer<\/b><\/i>\\\", the Budget controlling authorities and DDO\/Divisional Officer\/AAO being jointly responsible for reconciliation.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 60,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following statements regarding control of the pace of expenditure are correct?\\n1. Expenditure in the last quarter of the financial year should not exceed 33% of the budget estimate.\\n2. Expenditure in the month of March should not exceed 15% of the budget estimate.\\n3. A quarterly review of expenditure is conducted until the end of September, and thereafter every month till the month of February.\\n4. Units may incur expenditure merely to use up surplus funds at their disposal so as to avoid surrender of savings.\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Only one\",\n      \"Only two\",\n      \"Only three\",\n      \"All four\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.24(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>According to the guidelines issued by the MoF, last Quarter expenditures should not exceed 33% of BE and 15% in the month of March of the financial year<\/i>\\\", so statements 1 and 2 hold, and <b>Para 2.24(2)<\/b> prescribes exactly the cadence in statement 3 \u2014 \\\"<i>a quarterly review of the expenditure is conducted until the end of September and thereafter every month till the month of February<\/i>\\\".<br><br>Statement 4 inverts the closing direction of the same paragraph, which warns that units \\\"<i>will not try to incur expenditure due to surplus funds at their disposal, merely to avoid the lapses without following prescribed procedure and formalities<\/i>\\\". Three statements are therefore correct.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 61,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A statement in Form no. 8, showing the causes of excesses and savings under different sub-heads, is required to be prepared annually for submission to the Ministry by which date every year?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"end of September\",\n      \"end of November\",\n      \"end of December\",\n      \"end of March\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.26.2(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>A statement in Form no. 8 should be prepared annually for submission to the Ministry by the end of December every year to show the causes of excesses and savings under different sub-heads, alongwith reasons why steps were not taken in time to surrender the savings, or to obtain necessary funds to cover the excesses before the end of the financial year.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The para adds two disciplines: \\\"<i>excesses are not permissible in normal circumstances<\/i>\\\", and \\\"<i>Separate statements should be prepared for each grant<\/i>\\\". End-December is also the cut-off month for the Final Budget's actuals under Para 2.8, which makes the two dates easy to conflate but consistent.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 62,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"If a grant has been exceeded, sanction to the excess is to be obtained from the Ministry of Finance in the case of ____ and from the Parliament in the case of ____.\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"voted expenditure; non-voted expenditure\",\n      \"revenue expenditure; capital expenditure\",\n      \"non-voted expenditure; voted expenditure\",\n      \"charged expenditure; voted expenditure\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.26.2(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>If the grant has been exceeded, sanction should be obtained to the excess from the Ministry of Finance in case of non-voted expenditure, or from the Parliament in the case of voted expenditure.<\/i>\\\" Option (a) is the exact reversal and the intended trap.<br><br><b>Para 2.26.2(3)<\/b> explains why the two streams cannot be netted: \\\"<i>As voted and charged portions, and as also the revenue and capital sections of a grant\/appropriation are distinct, and re-appropriation inter-se is not permissible, an excess in any one portion or section is treated as an excess in the grant\/appropriation.<\/i>\\\" Excess in the demands as a whole requires regularization by the PAC.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 63,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Under the scheme of Departmentalization of Accounts, the Chief Accounting Authority responsible for the preparation of the Monthly and Annual Accounts is the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Director General, Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"Chief Controller of Accounts, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\",\n      \"Controller General of Accounts\",\n      \"Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.27.1(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>the Chief Accounting Authority (Secretary) shall be responsible for preparation of Monthly and Annual Accounts inter alia Chief Controller of Accounts, MoHUA prepares annual Appropriation Accounts for the Demands for Grants of the Ministry\/Department, get it duly audited and submit it to the Controller General of Accounts (CGA), Ministry of Finance duly signed by the Chief Accounting Authority i.e. Secretary MoHUA.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The chain is therefore CCA prepares, Secretary signs as Chief Accounting Authority, CGA receives. Under <b>Para 2.27.1(2)<\/b> the CGA then prepares the annual accounts, including summary civil Appropriation Accounts, for the Union Government.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 64,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Internal Audit and the External Audit of the Divisions and Offices are respectively conducted by:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the Chief Controller of Accounts office and the Controller General of Accounts\",\n      \"the Chief Controller of Accounts office and the Comptroller and Auditor General Office\",\n      \"the Controller General of Accounts and the Comptroller and Auditor General Office\",\n      \"the Comptroller and Auditor General Office and the Chief Controller of Accounts office\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.27.2<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Internal Audit of the Divisions and Offices is being conducted by CCA office, similarly the External Audit of the Divisions and Offices is being conducted by CAG Office.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Replies to audit paras are submitted directly by the Divisions\/Offices to the CCA\/CAG office; the CPWD Directorate \\\"<i>mainly deals with the disposal of Draft CAG\/PAC paras<\/i>\\\" and coordinates between the CCA\/CAG office and the Project Regions\/Regions. Option (d) is the straight reversal. The CGA in options (a) and (c) sits outside this audit chain \u2014 under Para 2.27.1 he receives the Appropriation Accounts and prepares the Union Government's annual accounts.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 65,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"With reference to the Audit Committees, which one of the following meeting frequencies is correctly matched?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Central Audit Committee \u2014 quarterly\",\n      \"Zonal\/Circle Audit Committee \u2014 monthly\",\n      \"Regional Audit Committee \u2014 monthly\",\n      \"Central Audit Committee \u2014 annually\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.27.2.1<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Central Audit Committee meeting shall be held half yearly. The Regional Audit Committee shall meet quarterly and the Zonal\/Circle Audit committee shall meet monthly.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The chairmanships track the tiers: DG, CPWD chairs the Central Audit Committee, the SDG\/ADG of the Project Region\/Region the Regional Audit Committee, and the CE\/SE of the Zone\/Circle the Zonal\/Circle Audit Committee. Options (a), (c) and (d) each move a real frequency to the wrong tier. The report is submitted in the prescribed format showing outstanding, added, settled and closing paras for both Internal Audit and C&AG Audit.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 66,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Public Accounts Committee, described as a miniature Parliament, comprises representatives of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the Lok Sabha only\",\n      \"the Rajya Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies\",\n      \"the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha\",\n      \"the Lok Sabha and the Council of Ministers\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.28<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The PAC is a miniature Parliament having the representatives of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Representation before it is at Secretary level: \\\"<i>The Secretary to the Government of India in the Department concerned represents the Government in the meetings of the PAC<\/i>\\\", while \\\"<i>The Head of the Department i.e. Director General (CPWD) and the SDG\/ADG\/CE assist the Secretary with information whenever considered necessary.<\/i>\\\" The Committee's teeth appear in <b>Para 2.26.2(4)<\/b> \u2014 excess in the demands as a whole \\\"<i>requires regularization by the Public Accounts Committee, which generally takes a serious view of such excess<\/i>\\\", and equally of large savings.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 67,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where the provision made for likely payments on decrees and awards during a year proves inadequate and an immediate payment has to be made, the payment may be met by:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"an advance from the Contingency Fund of India\",\n      \"surrender of savings from another grant\",\n      \"a debit to the suspense head \\\"Stock\\\"\",\n      \"a re-appropriation from the charged section to the voted section\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.13(6)<\/b> \u2014 where decrees\/awards are a normal feature, Ministries may include provisions on the basis of past trends, and \\\"<i>If this provision proves inadequate, it may be supplemented by a Supplementary Appropriation or in the case of an immediate payment, by an advance from the Contingency Fund of India.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Option (d) is expressly barred by <b>Para 2.26.2(3)<\/b>, under which the voted and charged portions are distinct and \\\"<i>re-appropriation inter-se is not permissible<\/i>\\\". The suspense head \\\"<i>Stock<\/i>\\\" in option (c) relates to the working sheet of stock holdings required under Para 2.10.1.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 68,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the case of deposit works, awards of the Courts are required to be:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"charged to the work only where deposit balances are available\",\n      \"charged to the work in all cases, with adjustments in accounts made later on\",\n      \"kept permanently as a Deposit in the Public Accounts\",\n      \"met from the contingencies provision of the sanctioned estimate\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.13(5)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>In case of deposit works, awards should be charged to the work in all cases (whether deposit balances are available or not) and adjustments in accounts made later on.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The rule prevents payment of a decree being held up for want of deposit. It should be read with <b>Para 2.13(4)<\/b>: where an appeal is filed and the decreed amount is deposited in Court as security for staying execution, it is kept initially as a 'Deposit' in the Public Accounts, and if later refunded on the Court's order the expenditure is charged in accordance with Para 2.13(1) and (2).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 69,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following which are required to be shown in the working sheet enclosed with proposals relating to the suspense head \\\"Stock\\\":\\n1. Stock holding at the beginning of the year\\n2. Value of stock expected to be purchased during the year\\n3. Value of stock expected to be issued during the year\\n4. Percentage of stock holdings based on the data furnished\\n\\nHow many of the above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Only one\",\n      \"Only two\",\n      \"Only three\",\n      \"All four\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.10.1<\/b> \u2014 the working sheet enclosed with proposals relating to the suspense head \\\"<i>Stock<\/i>\\\" must contain five items: \\\"<i>(1) Stock holding at the beginning of the year. (2) Value of stock expected to be purchased during the year. (3) Value of stock expected to be issued during the year. (4) Value of expected stock holding at the end of the year, and (5) Percentage of stock holdings based on the above data.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>All four statements listed therefore appear in that set, the remaining item \u2014 value of expected stock holding at the end of the year, at (4) \u2014 being the one omitted from the statement list. The head is one of the Budget Heads of Accounts detailed in Annexure-2 and SOP 2\/1.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 70,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 2: Budget and Reconciliation of Accounts\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Budget Estimate of a budget controlling unit for a financial year is Rs. 240 crore. The maximum expenditure that should be incurred by it in the month of March is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 79.20 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 24.00 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 36.00 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 60.00 crore\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.24(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>last Quarter expenditures should not exceed 33% of BE and 15% in the month of March of the financial year<\/i>\\\". Fifteen per cent of Rs. 240 crore is Rs. 36 crore.<br><br>Rs. 79.20 crore is 33% of the Budget Estimate, which is the ceiling for the whole of the last quarter and not for March alone; the two limits operate together, so March must satisfy both. The purpose is stated in the same sub-para \u2014 \\\"<i>Rush of expenditure in any month should be avoided<\/i>\\\" \u2014 and the units are warned not to spend merely to avoid lapse of surplus funds.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 71,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Construction works are those taken up as all new constructions, rehabilitation and retrofitting works, the expenditure of which is charged to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the deposit head\",\n      \"revenue heads\",\n      \"the suspense head \\\"Stock\\\"\",\n      \"capital heads\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.0<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Construction works are those which are taken up as all new constructions, rehabilitation and retrofitting works, the expenditure of which is charged to capital heads.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The capital\/revenue divide runs through the Manual: under <b>Para 9.1<\/b>, maintenance works are ordinarily revenue-side, but \\\"<i>minor works which add capital value to existing assets but do not create new assets are to be treated as Original Works under Capital Head<\/i>\\\" as per Rule 130 of GFR 2017. The suspense head \\\"<i>Stock<\/i>\\\" in option (c) is a budget head dealt with in Para 2.10.1, and the deposit head in option (a) is a mode of funding under Para 1.2(3), not a classification of works.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 72,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In respect of a construction work, the Technical Sanction amount:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"may normally not exceed the Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction amount, but in exceptional cases may exceed it by 10% with recorded reasons and written assurance of additional funds\",\n      \"must in every case be exactly equal to the Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction amount\",\n      \"may exceed the Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction amount by up to 20% at the discretion of the Engineer-in-Charge\",\n      \"is accorded before the Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction is obtained\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.2<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>T\/S amount may normally not exceed A\/A & E\/S amount. However, TS authority may, in exceptional cases, technically sanction the estimate for an amount in excess of 10% of A\/A & E\/S amount, with recorded reasons and written assurance of additional funds by user department.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Three conditions therefore attach to the exception: it must be exceptional, reasons must be recorded, and the user must give a written assurance of additional funds. Option (d) reverses the sequence \u2014 the Detailed Estimate is prepared \\\"<i>On receipt of A\/A & E\/S<\/i>\\\", after ensuring that an encumbrance-free site is available or likely to be made available.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 73,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For construction works of local bodies and Public Sector Undertakings costing Rs. 100 crore or more, the rate of Departmental Charges to be levied is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"10.0%\",\n      \"4.0%\",\n      \"5.50%\",\n      \"No departmental charges\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.4(2)<\/b> \u2014 for works of local bodies and PSUs the table prescribes three rates: all maintenance works and minor works 10.0%; construction works costing <b>Rs. 100 crore or more 4.0%<\/b>; and construction works costing below Rs. 100 crore 5.50%.<br><br>The rate falls as the value rises, so 5.50% in option (c) applies below the Rs. 100 crore threshold and 10.0% in option (a) to maintenance and minor works. \\\"<i>No departmental charges<\/i>\\\" applies only to Government works and autonomous bodies fully funded by the Central Government under Para 3.1.1.4(1), to PPP-funded Government works under (5), and to NHAI RO\/PIU office buildings under (6).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 74,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"With reference to the levy of Departmental Charges, consider the following statements:\\n1. No departmental charges are to be levied for Government Works and those of autonomous bodies fully funded by the Central Government.\\n2. No reduction in departmental charges is allowed for the works of local bodies and Public Sector Undertakings.\\n3. Departmental charges are to be levied on Government works funded through the Public-Private Partnership mode.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.4(1)<\/b> supports statement 1 \u2014 \\\"<i>No departmental charges are to be levied for Government Works and those of autonomous bodies fully funded by Central Government<\/i>\\\", while private organizations pay at the rates in Annexure-5 of SOP.<br><br>Note I under the rate table supports statement 2 \u2014 \\\"<i>No reduction in DC is allowed for the works of local bodies and PSUs etc.<\/i>\\\" Statement 3 inverts the rule: under <b>Para 3.1.1.4(5)<\/b>, \\\"<i>The Government works where the project is funded through PPP mode (Central Govt. funds\/State Govt. funds\/Private funds), <b>no<\/b> departmental charges shall be levied.<\/i>\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 75,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For the purpose of levying Departmental Charges on works of local bodies and Public Sector Undertakings, the term \\\"cost of work\\\" means the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"actual cost of the completed work\",\n      \"detailed estimate amount\",\n      \"preliminary estimate amount\",\n      \"technically sanctioned amount\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.4(2), Note II<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Cost of work means preliminary estimate amount.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>This fixes the base at the earliest stage, so that the department's charge does not fluctuate with later estimates. It is deliberately different from the defined term \\\"<i>Cost of Completed Work<\/i>\\\" in the <b>Definitions<\/b>, which \\\"<i>means cost of work done including extra\/deviation amount, escalation cost (increase\/decrease) and arbitration\/litigation award<\/i>\\\" \u2014 option (a)'s trap. Under <b>Para 3.1.1.4(4)<\/b>, for deposit works the Engineer-in-Charge must obtain a certificate from the user department about its funding pattern, and the applicable DC is then included in the PE.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 76,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The exemption of Government buildings from the operation of municipal bye laws, by virtue of which approval of architectural drawings from local bodies is not required, is provided under:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Section 3 of the Indian Contract Act\",\n      \"Article 299 of the Constitution of India\",\n      \"Rule 130 of the General Financial Rules, 2017\",\n      \"Section 3 of the Government Buildings Act, 1899\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.7(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Section 3 of 'Government Buildings Act 1899' provides for exemption of Government buildings from the regulation of the municipal bye laws and hence there is no need of approval of Architectural drawings from local bodies in respect of construction of Govt. Buildings. However, the Engineer in charge shall give notice to the local bodies as per provision to Section 3 of the Act before erection of a building.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The exemption is therefore from <i>approval<\/i>, not from <i>notice<\/i>. Where the provision does not apply, or local bye laws so require, Para 3.1.1.7(2) requires drawings to be prepared by the Architectural Unit\/Consultant and approvals taken from the local bodies.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 77,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Schedules of Rates are ordinarily revised once in every:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"two years\",\n      \"one year\",\n      \"three years\",\n      \"five years\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.9(ii)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The SORs are ordinarily revised once in two years.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>This must be distinguished from the <i>cost index<\/i>, which under <b>Para 3.1.1.9(iv)<\/b> \\\"<i>shall be issued as on 1st April and 1st October every year<\/i>\\\" \u2014 that is, twice a year. The two instruments serve different purposes: the SOR carries the rates themselves, while the cost index is \\\"<i>an indicator of the average cost movement over time of a fixed basket of representative goods and services related to execution of works<\/i>\\\" per the <b>Definitions<\/b>. Para 3.1.1.9(iii) additionally requires nomenclature, market rate list and analysis of rates to be periodically revised.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 78,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The cost index is required to be issued as on which dates every year?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"31st March and 30th September\",\n      \"1st April and 1st October\",\n      \"1st January and 1st July\",\n      \"1st April and 1st November\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.9(iv)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The cost index shall be issued as on 1st April and 1st October every year.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The issuing authorities differ by place: the cost index for Delhi is issued by CE(CSQ) Civil, and for other places by ADG\/SDG \\\"<i>on the basis of details received from the CE or SE concerned (as the case may be)<\/i>\\\". Option (a) is the near-miss trap, moving the dates to the closing day of the preceding month. The half-yearly cycle for the cost index should not be confused with the two-yearly revision of the Schedule of Rates under Para 3.1.1.9(ii).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 79,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Schedule of Rates for Delhi is issued by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Superintending Engineer concerned\",\n      \"Additional Director General of the Region\",\n      \"Director General, Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"Chief Engineer (CSQ) Civil\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.9(i)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Schedule of Rates for Delhi is issued by DG, CPWD. SDGs may issue SOR for their coordination jurisdiction.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Option (d) is the paired trap from the very next sub-clause: it is the <b>cost index<\/b> for Delhi, not the Schedule of Rates, that is issued by CE(CSQ) Civil under Para 3.1.1.9(iv). Keeping the four authorities straight is the point of the provision \u2014 DG for the Delhi SOR, SDGs for SOR in their coordination jurisdiction, CE(CSQ) Civil for the Delhi cost index, and ADG\/SDG for the cost index elsewhere on details received from the CE or SE concerned.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 80,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The cost index for Delhi is required to be issued by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Superintending Engineer concerned\",\n      \"Director General, Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"Additional Director General \/ Special Director General\",\n      \"Chief Engineer (CSQ) Civil\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.9(iv)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The cost index for Delhi shall be issued by CE(CSQ)civil. The cost index for other places shall be issued by ADG\/SDG on the basis of details received from the CE or SE concerned (as the case may be).<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Option (c) is therefore correct only for places <i>other<\/i> than Delhi, and option (b) belongs to the preceding sub-clause, under which DG, CPWD issues the Schedule of Rates for Delhi. The SE concerned in option (a) supplies the underlying details for stations outside Delhi but does not issue the index. The index is revised half-yearly, on 1st April and 1st October.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 81,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the Technical Sanction of a detailed estimate:\\n1. The Technical Sanction amount may normally not exceed the Administrative Approval and Expenditure Sanction amount.\\n2. In exceptional cases the sanctioning authority may technically sanction an estimate in excess of the Administrative Approval and Expenditure Sanction amount, but not by more than ten per cent.\\n3. Such an excess sanction requires recorded reasons and a written assurance of additional funds from the user department.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.2<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>T\/S amount may normally not exceed A\/A & E\/S amount. However, TS authority may, in exceptional cases, technically sanction the estimate for an amount in excess of 10% of A\/A & E\/S amount, with recorded reasons and written assurance of additional funds by user department.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>All three limbs are therefore present, and the relaxation is a departure from the earlier position, under which the Technical Sanction simply could not exceed the sanctioned amount. The three safeguards \u2014 exceptional case, recorded reasons and a written funding assurance \u2014 operate cumulatively, so an excess supported by only one of them is not authorised.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 82,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"It is desirable that the Preliminary Estimates of specialized Electrical & Mechanical systems, such as Lifts, HVAC systems, DG Sets, Automatic Fire Alarm System, Sub-Station and Wet Riser & Sprinkler System, for budgeted works of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs include a provision for maintenance and operation for a period of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"5 years\",\n      \"3 years\",\n      \"7 years\",\n      \"10 years\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.3(4)<\/b> \u2014 such Preliminary Estimates \\\"<i>should have 5 year's provision for maintenance\/comprehensive maintenance and Operation for budgeted works of MoHUA. For works of other Ministries and Deposit works, the estimates shall include distinct components of Construction and Maintenance\/Operation, if desired by the user.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Two consequences follow: under Para 3.1.3(5) the corresponding provision must be carried into the detailed estimate and the NIT keeping guarantee\/warranty periods in view; and under Para 3.1.3(6) the main agreement is closed on completion of construction, the maintenance\/operation being carried out through a <b>supplementary agreement<\/b>. Three years in option (b) is the comprehensive-maintenance ceiling for GPRA\/GPOA under Para 10.5(3).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 83,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the case of budgetary works of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, expenditure in excess of the Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction may be authorized by officers of the Central Public Works Department up to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"15% of the Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction amount\",\n      \"10% of the Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction amount\",\n      \"5% of the Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction amount\",\n      \"no excess is permissible in any case\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.4(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>In case of MoHUA budgetary works, expenditure in excess up to 10% of the amount of the A\/A & E\/S may be authorized by officers of the CPWD, provided that the total amount of expenditure including the excess is within the powers of the officer to accord technical sanction.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The proviso is the operative limit \u2014 the officer's own T\/S powers cap the concession. The same 10% recurs in <b>Para 5.11.1(2)<\/b> for total expenditure including deviation and extra items, and in <b>Para 10.2<\/b> for Addition & Alteration maintenance works. For all other works, Para 3.1.4(2) permits no excess without the user's approval.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 84,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For Deposit works and works on letter of authorization, a revised estimate is required to be submitted for works having expenditure in excess of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"20% of the Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction amount\",\n      \"5% of the Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction amount\",\n      \"10% of the Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction amount\",\n      \"15% of the Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction amount\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.4(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>For Deposit works and works on letter of authorization, revised estimate will be submitted for the works having expenditure in excess of 10% of A\/A & E\/S amount.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>This is a reporting obligation and does not by itself authorise the excess: under <b>Para 3.1.4(2)<\/b>, \\\"<i>No excess expenditure over the A\/A & E\/S amount is permissible without approval of user<\/i>\\\", the user being informed and a revised preliminary estimate submitted well in time during execution. On the maintenance side the parallel rule is <b>Para 12.1(2)<\/b>, under which completion cost for such works cannot exceed the A\/A & E\/S amount without the user's prior approval and availability of funds.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 85,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The provision for contingencies of a sanctioned work can be utilized for which of the following?\\n1. Construction of a site office\\n2. Engagement of watch and ward staff\\n3. Hiring of an inspection vehicle\\n4. Material testing and structural designing\\n\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.3(3)<\/b> \u2014 contingencies \\\"<i>can be utilized for construction of site office, engagement of watch & ward staff, job works like surveying, material testing, estimating, structural designing, architectural drawings, models, maintenance and hiring of inspection vehicle and any other field requirements directly related to work.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>All four heads therefore qualify. The scope is expressly wide \u2014 the Salient Features record that \\\"<i>The scope of utilization of contingencies of sanctioned work expanded.<\/i>\\\" Related charges are also met from this sub-head: under <b>Para 8.11<\/b> the fees of agencies engaged to prepare drawings are charged to contingencies, and under <b>Para 8.8<\/b> so is expenditure on exhibitions and inaugurations.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 86,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The coordination of all pre-construction activities involved in the execution of a construction work is to be done by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"client department\",\n      \"Engineer-in-Charge\",\n      \"Notice Inviting Tender approving authority\",\n      \"Technical Sanction Authority\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Coordination of all pre-construction activities will be done by the T\/S Authority.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The Salient Features put the same rule in terms of the officer's rank: \\\"<i>All pre-construction activities are to be coordinated by the officer under whose T\/S powers, the A\/A & E\/S Amount of the work is expected to fall.<\/i>\\\" Coordination duty shifts stage by stage \u2014 under <b>Para 5.6.3<\/b> \\\"<i>The coordination during construction stage shall be done by the T\/S Authority as per procedure given in SOP 5\/9<\/i>\\\", while the Engineer-in-Charge in option (b) is responsible for execution and contract management under Para 5.6.2(1).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 87,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Tenders for all Specialized Works are required to be invited through which system?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Two\/Three Bid system\",\n      \"Single Bid system\",\n      \"Percentage Rate Tender only\",\n      \"award without call of tenders\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.3(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Tenders for all Specialized Works shall be invited in Two\/Three Bid system from specialized agencies, CPWD & Non CPWD contractors, subject to fulfilling of eligibility criteria by them.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The pool of bidders is thus deliberately widened while the screening is tightened through the eligibility bid. The <b>Definitions<\/b> supply the test of what is specialized: \\\"<i>works \/items\/ jobs are those works that requires expertise\/specialized skill and are executed after prequalification of agencies<\/i>\\\". The list of specialized Civil, E&M, Horticulture and concurrent works is at Annexure-6 of SOP, and ADG\/SDG may declare further works specialized under Para 3.1.3(3).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 88,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where a Technical Sanction Authority splits a sanctioned work into packages, the tender for any package is to be accepted by the officer as per the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"powers to sanction extra items\",\n      \"financial powers delegated for acceptance of the lowest tender\",\n      \"powers to accord Administrative Approval\",\n      \"discretion of the Engineer-in-Charge\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.8(iv)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Tender for any package is to be accepted by the officer as per 'financial powers delegated for acceptance of lowest tender'.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The Technical Sanction, by contrast, does not devolve: under Para 3.1.1.8(iii), \\\"<i>For each such package of a single sanction, Technical Sanction will be accorded by the same officer competent to accord T\/S to the entire sanction<\/i>\\\" \u2014 so splitting cannot be used to bring the T\/S within a lower officer's powers. The splitting itself is permissible only \\\"<i>with recorded reasons<\/i>\\\" under Para 3.1.1.8(ii), and the converse power to combine works into a single T\/S is at Para 3.1.1.8(i).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 89,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Technical Sanction for all works, except emergent works, is required to be issued:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"only after completion of the work\",\n      \"after opening of the financial bids\",\n      \"before inviting tenders\/work orders\",\n      \"after award of the work\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.6(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The technical sanction for all works, except emergent works, shall be issued before inviting tenders<\/i>\\\", and the Salient Features restate it as \\\"<i>issued before inviting tenders\/work orders<\/i>\\\".<br><br>The requirement is reinforced at the NIT stage: <b>Para 4.10(3)(v)<\/b> lists \\\"<i>Technical Sanction for all works except Emergent Works<\/i>\\\" among the pre-requisites for approval of the NIT, and <b>Para 4.11(1)<\/b> permits tenders to be invited \\\"<i>only after Technical Sanction and approval of NIT by the Competent Authority<\/i>\\\". The carve-out for emergent works follows from Para 1.5(1), where T\/S is accorded later to regularise the liability.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 90,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the case of Deposit works, the scope of work shall not be altered, either during preparation of the Detailed Estimate or during execution, without:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the approval of the Ministry of Finance\",\n      \"the approval of the Director General, Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"a revised Technical Sanction\",\n      \"the written request or permission of the user\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.2.1(4)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The scope of work shall not be altered either during preparation of Detailed Estimate or execution, without written request \/ permission of the user. Cost implications of such changes should be informed to the user before taking up the work. Work to be executed on written assurance of additional funds in case of likely increase in sanctioned amount of work.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Three safeguards therefore operate together: written permission, prior intimation of cost implications, and a written assurance of funds. Under Para 3.1.2.1(3) even the plinth area norms and specifications adopted \\\"<i>will be as approved by the user department<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 91,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The competent authority of the Administrative Ministry\/Department\/client accords the Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction on the basis of the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Preliminary Estimate \/ Preliminary Project Report \/ Detailed Project Report\",\n      \"Measurement Book\",\n      \"Schedule of Rates alone\",\n      \"Justification of Tenders\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.5<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The competent authority of the Administrative Ministry\/Department\/user shall accord A\/A & E\/S on the basis of Preliminary estimate\/PPR\/DPR as the case may be.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The <b>Definitions<\/b> confirm the purpose of a Preliminary Estimate: it is prepared on a plinth area cost basis with CPWD Plinth Area Rates \\\"<i>without detailed items of work for obtaining A\/A & E\/S<\/i>\\\". Per the Salient Features, a PPR is required for works costing more than Rs. 10 Cr. Option (d) belongs to a much later stage \u2014 under Para 5.1.6 the Justification of Tenders is prepared before opening of financial bids, to test the reasonability of rates.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 92,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For works of attached and subordinate offices such as the Directorate of Estates and the Land & Development Office under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs budgetary head, the Administrative Approval is issued by the respective Department, while the Expenditure Sanction is issued by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"client department itself\",\n      \"competent authority of the Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"Ministry of Finance\",\n      \"Director General, Central Public Works Department only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.5(2)<\/b> \u2014 for works of the Directorate of Estates, Directorate of Printing, Land & Development Office, National Buildings Organisation, Town & Country Planning Organisation, Govt. of India Stationery Office and Department of Publication, \\\"<i>A\/A shall be Issued by the respective Department and E\/S (as per availability of funds under respective head) shall be issued by the competent authority of CPWD as per 'Financial Powers Delegated to CPWD Officers.'<\/i>\\\" The approval is thus split between two authorities.<br><br>Option (d) is too narrow: the power is exercised by whichever CPWD officer is competent under the delegation, not by DG alone. For GPRA\/GPOA works both A\/A and E\/S are accorded per the Compendium of Financial Powers.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 93,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:\\nList-I (Item)\\nA. Coordination of all pre-construction activities of a work\\nB. Preparation of the detailed estimate\\nC. Determination of the Technical Sanction authority for a work to be executed on an EPC contract\\nList-II (Basis or authority)\\n1. Undertaken only after ensuring that an encumbrance-free site is available, or is likely to be made available within a reasonable time\\n2. The estimated cost of the work to be put to tender\\n3. The Technical Sanction authority\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2\",\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-2\",\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-3\",\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Coordination of all pre-construction activities will be done by the T\/S Authority. TS authority for works to be executed on EPC contracts shall be decided based on estimated cost of work to be put to tender<\/i>\\\", which fixes A-3 and C-2.<br><br><b>Para 3.1.1.2<\/b> \u2014 on receipt of the A\/A & E\/S, the detailed estimate \\\"<i>is to be prepared after ensuring that encumbrance free site is available, or likely to be made available within reasonable time from the user if the user insists for invitation of tenders<\/i>\\\", giving B-1. Note that for EPC works the sanctioning authority follows the tendered cost rather than the sanctioned cost.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 94,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below:\\n\\nList-I (Category of work of local bodies\/Public Sector Undertakings)\\nA. All maintenance works and minor works\\nB. Construction works costing Rs. 100 crore or more\\nC. Construction works costing below Rs. 100 crore\\n\\nList-II (Rate of Departmental Charges)\\n1. 4.0%\\n2. 5.50%\\n3. 10.0%\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2\",\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-2\",\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1\",\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.4(2)<\/b> \u2014 the table gives DC as 10.0% for \\\"<i>All maintenance works and minor works<\/i>\\\", 4.0% for \\\"<i>Construction works costing Rs. 100 crore or more<\/i>\\\" and 5.50% for \\\"<i>Construction works costing below Rs. 100 crore<\/i>\\\", so A\u21923, B\u21921, C\u21922.<br><br>The economics behind the tapering rate \u2014 a larger project absorbing agency cost over a bigger base \u2014 is what makes B the lowest rate and is the point most often reversed by candidates. Note I bars any reduction in these rates for local bodies and PSUs, and Note II fixes the base as the preliminary estimate amount.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 95,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Technical Sanction Authority, after obtaining approval from the client, has full powers up to its tender acceptance limits to execute smaller works likely to crop up during execution, subject to availability of funds under which sub-head of the sanctioned estimate?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"\\\"Suspense\\\"\",\n      \"\\\"Departmental Charges\\\"\",\n      \"\\\"Contingencies\\\"\",\n      \"\\\"Establishment\\\"\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.3(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The T\/S Authority after obtaining approval from user shall have full powers, upto their tender acceptance limits, to execute smaller works likely to crop up during the execution of work \/project for which no provision exists in the sanctioned estimates, subject to availability of funds under sub head 'Contingencies' in the sanctioned project estimate.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Two limits therefore bind the power \u2014 the officer's own tender acceptance limit, and the balance under Contingencies. The <b>Definitions<\/b> describe contingencies as provision \\\"<i>for meeting out unforeseen incidental expenses of miscellaneous character which cannot appropriately be classified under any distinct sub head or sub work<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 96,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"At the time of submission of the preliminary estimate for a normal work, the Central Public Works Department is required to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"obtain a written assurance of additional funds from the user department\",\n      \"make a presentation to the user department for appreciation of the provisions in the estimate\",\n      \"invite tenders on the two-bid system simultaneously\",\n      \"obtain the approval of the local body to the architectural drawings\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.1(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>At the time of submission of preliminary estimate, CPWD will make presentation to the User Department for appreciation of provisions in the PE. After the presentation, the scope of work including any changes suggested by the user Department will be incorporated in the preliminary estimate. Remarks in the PE to be added in this regard.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The presentation is therefore not a formality \u2014 it is the point at which scope is settled and recorded. A written assurance of additional funds, option (a), arises later, under Para 3.1.1.2, when the T\/S exceptionally exceeds the A\/A & E\/S amount by 10%.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 97,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For works to be executed on Engineering, Procurement and Construction contracts, the Technical Sanction authority is required to be decided on the basis of the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"estimated cost of the work to be put to tender\",\n      \"amount of the Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction\",\n      \"preliminary estimate amount including departmental charges\",\n      \"cost of the structural system of the opted technology\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Coordination of all pre-construction activities will be done by the T\/S Authority. TS authority for works to be executed on EPC contracts shall be decided based on estimated cost of work to be put to tender.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>This is a departure from the general rule recorded in the Salient Features, where pre-construction activities are coordinated by \\\"<i>the officer under whose T\/S powers, the A\/A & E\/S Amount of the work is expected to fall<\/i>\\\" \u2014 option (b). The reason is structural: in EPC mode the estimated cost is worked out on plinth area rates modified by cost index under Para 4.8(3), rather than on item rates and quantities.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 98,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following forms part of the Technical Sanction for a normal construction work but is NOT applicable to a work technically sanctioned in Engineering, Procurement and Construction Mode I?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Technical Sanction Memo\",\n      \"Geotechnical Investigation Report\",\n      \"Structural drawings for the foundation and superstructure\",\n      \"Scope of work\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.6(1)<\/b> \u2014 the table of Technical Sanction contents shows \\\"<i>Structural drawings for the foundation and superstructure<\/i>\\\" and \\\"<i>Drawings for Internal, External services and MEP services<\/i>\\\" as <i>Applicable<\/i> for construction and maintenance work and for EPC Mode III, but <i>Not applicable<\/i> for EPC Modes I and II.<br><br>That follows from <b>Para 4.8<\/b>, where in Modes I and II the structural and MEP design and drawings are prepared by the EPC contractor. The Technical Sanction Memo, A\/A & E\/S memo, specifications in detail, Geotechnical Investigation Report and Scope of work are applicable across all three columns of the table.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 99,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"No Departmental Charges are to be levied for construction of permanent office buildings of the Regional Offices and Project Implementation Units of which organization, including maintenance of the buildings constructed?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Central Warehousing Corporation\",\n      \"National Buildings Construction Corporation\",\n      \"Airports Authority of India\",\n      \"National Highways Authority of India\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.4(6)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>No Departmental Charges are to be levied for construction of Permanent Office building in respect of Regional Offices (ROs) \/ Project Implementation Units (PIUs) of NHAI including maintenance of Buildings to be constructed by CPWD as per OM No.15011\/5\/2024-W-2 dated 11.07.2024 issued by MoHUA (Works Division).<\/i>\\\"<br><br>This is a specific exemption superimposed on the general PSU rate table, and is one of the additions carried into the 2026 edition. The other general exemptions in the same para are Government works and autonomous bodies fully funded by the Central Government, and Government works funded through the PPP mode.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 100,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the Schedule of Rates and the cost index:\\n1. Special Director Generals may issue the Schedule of Rates for their coordination jurisdiction.\\n2. To update the Schedule of Rates, the nomenclature with specifications, market rate list and analysis of rates are to be periodically revised.\\n3. The cost index for places other than Delhi is issued by the Superintending Engineer concerned.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.9(i)<\/b> supports statement 1 \u2014 \\\"<i>The Schedule of Rates for Delhi is issued by DG, CPWD. SDGs may issue SOR for their coordination jurisdiction.<\/i>\\\"<br><br><b>Para 3.1.1.9(iii)<\/b> supports statement 2 in identical terms. Statement 3 shifts the authority by one level and is false: under <b>Para 3.1.1.9(iv)<\/b> the cost index for other places \\\"<i>shall be issued by ADG\/SDG on the basis of details received from the CE or SE concerned (as the case may be)<\/i>\\\" \u2014 the SE supplies the details, the ADG\/SDG issues the index. For Delhi the index is issued by CE(CSQ) Civil.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 101,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The power to declare any work other than those already listed as a specialized work, in respect of a Region, vests in the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Engineer-in-Charge of the work\",\n      \"Superintending Engineer of the Circle\",\n      \"Additional Director General\/Special Director General\",\n      \"Central Works Board\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.3(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>ADG\/SDG or any other authority designated from time to time by CPWD Directorate shall have powers to declare any other work as specialized in respect of their regions, after giving due consideration to the nature of work and the specialized skill required for its execution. The declared specialized work should be uploaded on CPWD website.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Two conditions govern the exercise: an assessment of the specialized skill required, and publication on the website. The base list of specialized Civil, E&M, Horticulture and concurrent works is at Annexure-6 of SOP, and consequences follow immediately \u2014 such tenders must go through the Two\/Three Bid system under Para 3.1.3(1).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 102,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Memorandum of Understanding to be signed with the user, and the magnitude of works for which it is to be signed, is notified by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Central Public Works Department Directorate\",\n      \"Ministry of Finance, Department of Expenditure\",\n      \"Chief Controller of Accounts, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\",\n      \"Executive Engineer of the Division\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.1(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The magnitude of works for which MoU is to be signed with the user shall be notified by the CPWD Directorate from time to time. In cases where no MoU is drawn, necessary provisions of MoU must be clearly mentioned in the preliminary estimate.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Suitable modifications to the MoU may be approved by ADG\/SDG or any authority designated by the Directorate, keeping site conditions and project requirements in view and following GFR provisions. For Deposit works, <b>Para 3.1.2.1(5) and (6)<\/b> require the MoU to be drawn before taking up the work, with a combined MoU permissible for multiple small works under one user.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 103,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A Public Sector Undertaking entrusts a construction work to the Department. The preliminary estimate of the work amounts to Rs. 120 crore. The departmental charges to be included in the estimate work out to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 6.60 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 12.00 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 4.80 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 4.00 crore\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.4(2)<\/b> fixes departmental charges for the works of local bodies and PSUs at 4.0% for \\\"<i>Construction works costing Rs. 100 crore or more<\/i>\\\", so the charge is 4.0% of Rs. 120 crore, that is Rs. 4.80 crore.<br><br>Two notes to the table decide the working. Note II provides that \\\"<i>Cost of work means preliminary estimate amount<\/i>\\\", so the estimate and not the accepted contract amount is the base; and Note I bars any reduction in these rates. Rs. 6.60 crore applies the 5.50% rate meant for construction works below Rs. 100 crore, and Rs. 4.00 crore wrongly charges the first Rs. 100 crore alone.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 104,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 3: General Provisions (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A local body entrusts a maintenance work to the Department, the preliminary estimate being Rs. 6 crore. The departmental charges leviable amount to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 60 lakh\",\n      \"Rs. 33 lakh\",\n      \"Rs. 24 lakh\",\n      \"no charge, the work being that of a local body\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.4(2)<\/b> prescribes 10.0% for \\\"<i>All maintenance works and minor works<\/i>\\\" of local bodies and PSUs, so the charge is Rs. 60 lakh on a preliminary estimate of Rs. 6 crore.<br><br>The rate for maintenance is deliberately the highest of the three, because the departmental effort does not scale down with the value of the work as it does on a large construction project. Rs. 33 lakh and Rs. 24 lakh apply the construction rates of 5.50% and 4.0%. The exemption in the last option belongs to <b>Para 3.1.1.4(1)<\/b>, which waives charges only for Government works and autonomous bodies fully funded by the Central Government.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 105,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Earnest Money Deposit is exempted for works awarded to registered labour Co-operative Societies with an estimated cost up to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 50,000\",\n      \"Rs. 2 lakhs\",\n      \"Rs. 5 lakhs\",\n      \"Rs. 3 lakhs\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.2(1)<\/b> \u2014 works up to the limit fixed from time to time \\\"<i>can be awarded to registered labour Co-operative Societies at current market rates without call of tenders as per financial powers delegated. EMD is exempted for works with estimated cost upto Rs 3 lakhs. However, Security Deposit shall be deducted as prescribed by way of deduction from their bills.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The exemption is thus confined to earnest money; security deposit continues to be recovered. Rs. 50,000 in option (a) is the threshold in the very next sub-para for monthly running payments, and Rs. 5 lakhs in option (c) is the urgent-works web-publicity limit under Para 1.5(2)(i).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 106,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In respect of works awarded to registered labour Co-operative Societies, monthly running payments may be made if the value of work executed is more than:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 50,000\",\n      \"Rs. 25,000\",\n      \"Rs. 1,00,000\",\n      \"Rs. 3,00,000\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.2(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Monthly running payments may be made if value of work executed is more than Rs. 50,000\/-. Such works awarded to Registered Labour Co-operative Societies shall not be counted towards the annual ceiling for issue of work orders.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The second limb is important, because <b>Para 4.1(6)<\/b> otherwise caps the annual value of work orders each officer may issue. Rs. 25,000 in option (b) recurs twice elsewhere \u2014 as the ceiling below which the Executive Engineer may dispense with earnest money for petty works (Para 5.1.2(3)) and as the petty repairs limit through hand receipts (Para 9.3.4).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 107,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For award of works to contractors belonging to Scheduled Castes\/Scheduled Tribes, tenders may be invited only from Central Public Works Department enlisted contractors when the estimated cost is beyond Rs. 2.80 lakh and up to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 10.00 lakh\",\n      \"Rs. 6.40 lakh\",\n      \"Rs. 5.00 lakh\",\n      \"Rs. 2.80 lakh\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.3.2<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>For works beyond an estimated cost of Rs. 2.80 lakh and upto and equal to estimated cost of Rs. 6.40 lakh, tenders may be invited only from CPWD enlisted contractors. The price preference upto 5 % (with reference to the lowest valid price bid) may be allowed in favour of individual SC\/ST Contactor. However, earnest money at a reduced rate of \u00bd% may be accepted in such cases.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The contrast with the lower slab under Para 4.3.1 is deliberate: below Rs. 2.80 lakh even non-enlisted SC\/ST contractors may tender and no earnest money is required at all. Under <b>Para 4.3.3<\/b> every such concession is subject to verification of the claim to belong to the SC or ST community.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 108,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The price-preference concessions for contractors belonging to Scheduled Castes\/Scheduled Tribes are admissible up to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"31.12.2026\",\n      \"31.12.2024\",\n      \"31.12.2027\",\n      \"31.03.2027\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.3.3<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>These concessions will be admissible upto 31.12.2027 and is effecitve from 01.01.2026.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The revised window replaces the earlier terminal date and runs alongside the revised slabs of Rs. 2.80 lakh and Rs. 6.40 lakh. The same para illustrates the working of the preference through two worked examples: where the lowest valid general-category tenderer quotes 10% above the ECPT, an SC\/ST contractor quoting between 10% and 15.50% above may be awarded the work at his own quoted rates; and where the general-category L1 quotes 10% below, the corresponding band is 5.50% below to 10% below \u2014 in both cases subject to justification of rates under Para 5.1.6.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 109,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below:\\n\\nList-I (Tender situation)\\nA. Estimated cost put to tender up to Rs. 5 crore\\nB. Estimated cost put to tender more than Rs. 5 crore, single bid system\\nC. Two\/three bid system\\nD. Short notice tender, minimum\\n\\nList-II (Desirable publicity time limit)\\n1. 21 days\\n2. 3 days\\n3. 7 days\\n4. 14 days\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2\",\n      \"A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2\",\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1\",\n      \"A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.13(1)<\/b> \u2014 the desirable time limits between publication of the tender on the website and receipt of tenders are \\\"<i>7 days in the case of works with estimated cost put to tender up to Rs. 5 crore<\/i>\\\", \\\"<i>14 days ... more than Rs. 5 crore (for single bid system)<\/i>\\\" and \\\"<i>21 Days for tenders in two\/three bid system<\/i>\\\".<br><br><b>Para 4.13(2)<\/b> permits variation by the NIT approving authority with recorded reasons, but \\\"<i>the publicity period even for short notice tenders shall not be less than 3 days<\/i>\\\". So A\u21923, B\u21924, C\u21921, D\u21922. The limits are \\\"<i>exclusive of date of publication but inclusive of last date of receipt of tender<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 110,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For tenders invited under the two\/three bid system, the desirable publicity time limit is 21 days, subject to the condition that the minimum period given for submission of the bid after issue of clarifications or modifications consequent to the pre-bid meeting shall be:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"3 days\",\n      \"7 days\",\n      \"21 days\",\n      \"14 days\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.13(1)(iii)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>21 Days for tenders in two\/three bid system subject to the condition that minimum 14 days should be given for submission of bid after the issue of clarifications\/modifications consequent to the pre bid meeting.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The safeguard exists because a pre-bid corrigendum can materially change the scope, and bidders must have time to re-price. It is distinct from the general corrigendum rule in <b>Para 4.13(2)<\/b>, under which \\\"<i>If any corrigendum\/amendment with regard to NIT\/tender is issued then minimum 3 days time for publicity shall be available for receipt of the tender.<\/i>\\\" Under Para 4.6 the NIT approving authority fixes the gap between the pre-bid conference and the last date of submission.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 111,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the price preference available to contractors belonging to the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes:\\n1. For works up to and equal to an estimated cost of Rs. 2.80 lakh, tenders may be entertained even from non-enlisted contractors and no earnest money is required.\\n2. For works beyond Rs. 2.80 lakh and up to Rs. 6.40 lakh, tenders may be invited only from enlisted contractors, and earnest money at a reduced rate of one-half per cent may be accepted.\\n3. The price preference in both cases is up to 5 per cent with reference to the lowest valid price bid.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.3.1<\/b> covers the lower slab \u2014 price preference up to 5%, tenders entertained from non-enlisted SC\/ST contractors, and \\\"<i>No earnest money is required in such cases.<\/i>\\\"<br><br><b>Para 4.3.2<\/b> covers the upper slab \u2014 \\\"<i>tenders may be invited only from CPWD enlisted contractors<\/i>\\\", the same 5% preference, and \\\"<i>earnest money at a reduced rate of \u00bd% may be accepted.<\/i>\\\" All three statements therefore hold. The slab figures were revised upward from Rs. 2.70 lakh and Rs. 6.20 lakh, and <b>Para 4.3.3<\/b> makes the concessions \\\"<i>admissible upto 31.12.2027 and is effecitve from 01.01.2026<\/i>\\\", subject to verification of the contractor's community claim.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 112,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The validity period for acceptance of tenders, in cases where only financial bids are invited, shall be:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"30 days from the last date of receipt of bids\",\n      \"75 days from the last date of receipt of bids\",\n      \"45 days from the last date of receipt of bids\",\n      \"90 days from the last date of receipt of bids\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.14<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The validity period for acceptance of tenders in case only financial bids are invited shall be 30 days from the last date of receipt of bids and in all other cases 75 days from the last day of receipt of technical bid.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The parallel figures for the Bank Guarantee submitted as earnest money are longer, and must not be confused with these: under <b>Para 5.1.3(3)<\/b> the BG must be valid \\\"<i>for a period of 90 days where only financial bids are invited and for a period of 180 days for two\/three bid system from the date of submission of the tender<\/i>\\\" \u2014 90 days in option (d) is that figure.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 113,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In all cases other than where only financial bids are invited, the validity period for acceptance of tenders shall be:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"60 days from the last day of receipt of the technical bid\",\n      \"75 days from the last day of receipt of the technical bid\",\n      \"30 days from the last day of receipt of the technical bid\",\n      \"90 days from the last day of receipt of the technical bid\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.14<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>in all other cases 75 days from the last day of receipt of technical bid.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The longer window reflects the two-stage evaluation, since the technical bid must be examined before financial bids are opened. Note the counting point: the period runs from receipt of the <b>technical<\/b> bid, not from opening of the financial bid. The same para fixes responsibility: \\\"<i>The responsibility regarding obtaining validity of tender shall be of Executive Engineer and a close watch shall be kept by him at every stage of tender regarding expiry of validity period.<\/i>\\\" The duty to act unprompted is placed on the tender inviting authority, which \\\"<i>should not wait for any directions. He has to act on his own to get the validity of tender extended if required.<\/i>\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 114,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The responsibility for obtaining the validity of a tender rests with the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Chief Engineer\",\n      \"Notice Inviting Tender approving authority\",\n      \"Executive Engineer\",\n      \"Superintending Engineer\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.14<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The responsibility regarding obtaining validity of tender shall be of Executive Engineer and a close watch shall be kept by him at every stage of tender regarding expiry of validity period. Tender inviting authority has to act judiciously so that tender award is not hampered due to non availability of validity of tender.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The duty is expressly self-starting: \\\"<i>Tender inviting authority should not wait for any directions.<\/i>\\\" The NIT approving authority in option (b) has different responsibilities under this chapter \u2014 deciding the publicity period under Para 4.13(2), the mode of measurements in EPC works under Para 4.8(6), and the time for submission of the performance guarantee under Para 5.2(3).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 115,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The cutoff value of projects, above which all contracts are to be taken up under the Engineering, Procurement and Construction methodology, is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 300 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 50 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 200 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 100 crore\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.8<\/b> \u2014 following the decision of the CCEA communicated by NITI Aayog OM No. N-14070\/14\/2016-PPAU dated 5th September 2016, the erstwhile MoUD directed that \\\"<i>cutoff value of projects, above which all contracts will be taken up under EPC methodology, will be Rs 100 Cr. This figure will be as decided and notified by the MoHUA\/CPWD from time to time.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The other figures in the options are real thresholds elsewhere: Rs. 300 crore is the Integrity Pact limit under Para 5.0(6); Rs. 200 crore the Global Tender Enquiry limit under Para 4.5.4; and Rs. 50 crore both the lower EPC decision band and the green-certification limit under Para 16.0.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 116,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the Engineering, Procurement and Construction mode, the order of preference of tendering is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Mode I, then Mode II, then Mode III\",\n      \"Mode III, then Mode II, then Mode I\",\n      \"Mode II, then Mode I, then Mode III\",\n      \"Mode I, then Mode III, then Mode II\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.8<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Tenders in EPC mode must be in the order of preference as given below<\/i>\\\", the order running Mode I (Technology Neutral Tender) as the preferred mode, Mode II (Technology Neutral Tender) second in preference and Mode III (Technology Pre-Selected) third in preference.<br><br>The ranking follows the degree of design freedom left with the contractor: Mode I hands over detailed architectural, structural and MEP design against basic architectural drawings; Mode II supplies detailed architectural drawings and leaves structural and MEP design to the contractor; Mode III supplies all three sets of drawings. Mode III is permissible only if one of the three conditions in the same para is satisfied.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 117,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the Engineering, Procurement and Construction mode, tenders can be invited under Mode III only if which of the following is satisfied?\\n1. The user resolves for a particular technology.\\n2. The user has already finalized all drawings.\\n3. The functional requirement of the work or the site so demands.\\n\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 or 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.8<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Tenders can be invited under mode III only if <b>any of<\/b> (a), (b), (c) as hereunder is satisfied: (a) User resolves for a particular technology. (b) User has already finalized all drawings (Architectural and Engineering) (c) The functional requirement of works\/site requirement so demands.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The conditions are alternative, not cumulative \u2014 hence \\\"<i>1, 2 or 3<\/i>\\\". A further control applies: \\\"<i>The pre-selection of technology in mode III under either (a) or (b) or (c) as mentioned above shall be taken up with prior approval of ADG\/SDG on case to case basis with due justification.<\/i>\\\" Mode III is the least preferred of the three modes.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 118,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the Engineering, Procurement and Construction mode, which mode is described as \\\"Technology Pre-Selected\\\"?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Mode II\",\n      \"Mode III\",\n      \"Mode I\",\n      \"Both Mode I and Mode II\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.8<\/b> \u2014 Modes I and II are both \\\"<i>Technology Neutral Tender<\/i>\\\", ranked first and second in preference, while \\\"<i>Mode III - Technology Pre-Selected - Third in Preference<\/i>\\\".<br><br>The description tracks the substance of Mode III, which \\\"<i>involves procurement & construction by the EPC contractor based on architectural, structural and MEP drawings provided by CPWD<\/i>\\\", MEP design being left to the contractor only if the TS authority so decides. Consistent with pre-selection, <b>Para 4.8(10)<\/b> requires the NIT approving authority to incorporate the prescribed technology in the NIT for Mode III as approved by ADG\/SDG, whereas in Modes I and II the contractor opts from the notified table.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 119,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the Engineering, Procurement and Construction mode, the soil investigation report is to be appended in the Notice Inviting Tender for indicative purpose in:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"none of the modes\",\n      \"Mode III only\",\n      \"Mode I and Mode II only\",\n      \"all three modes\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.8(4)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Soil investigation report shall be appended in the NIT for indicative purpose in EPC Mode I & II only. Contractor will also undertake soil investigations. In case of variations in the reports, safer parameters will be adopted for design purpose.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The word \\\"<i>indicative<\/i>\\\" is deliberate, because under <b>Para 4.8(5)<\/b> \\\"<i>The responsibility of investigations, designing, planning, procurement, construction, safety, quality, and risk of engineering lies with the contractor for EPC Mode I & II<\/i>\\\". In Mode III the department itself supplies the structural drawings, so an indicative soil report serves no comparable purpose. Note that the Geotechnical Investigation Report is nevertheless part of the T\/S in all three modes under Para 3.1.1.6.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 120,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where a bidder associates with a contractor for the opted technology in the Engineering, Procurement and Construction mode, the associated contractor must have successfully completed one work of that technology with the cost of the structural system not less than what percentage of the estimated cost put to tender during the last seven years?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"50%\",\n      \"10%\",\n      \"30%\",\n      \"20%\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.8(11)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The associated contractor must satisfy the eligibility criteria of having successfully completed one work of opted technology having the cost of structural system not less than 20% of the estimated cost put to tender during the last seven years ending last day of month previous to the one in which tender is invited.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>A MoU with the associate in the prescribed format at Annexure-68 of SOP must accompany the tender. 30% in option (c) is the companion deeming rule in the same para: where the separate cost of the structural system is not shown in the experience certificate, \\\"<i>it will be taken as 30% of completed cost of project\/work<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 121,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the Engineering, Procurement and Construction mode, where the separate cost of the structural system of a particular technology is not available in the experience certificate of the associated contractor, it is to be taken as what percentage of the completed cost of the project or work?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"30%\",\n      \"20%\",\n      \"50%\",\n      \"10%\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.8(11)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>In case separate cost of structural system of a particular technology is not available in the experience certificate of associated contractor, it will be taken as 30% of completed cost of project\/work.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>This deeming provision exists so that experience certificates which show only a consolidated project cost can still be evaluated. It works together with, and must not be confused with, the eligibility threshold in the same para \u2014 the structural-system cost must be \\\"<i>not less than 20% of the estimated cost put to tender<\/i>\\\" during the last seven years. The para also bars association with a contractor \\\"<i>debarred from any Ministry or any govt. organization in the last five years<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 122,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"As per the amendment to the General Financial Rules, 2017, no Global Tender Enquiry shall ordinarily be invited for tenders up to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 300 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 200 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 100 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 50 crore\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.5.4<\/b> \u2014 Ministry of Finance OM No. F.12\/17\/2019-PPD dated 15.05.2020 amended rule 161(iv) of GFR 2017 \\\"<i>stipulating that no Global Tender Enquiry (GTE) shall be invited for tenders upto Rs. 200 cr. or such limit as may be prescribed by the Ministry of Finance from time to time.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>A relaxation route exists but is tightly drawn: below that limit, in exceptional cases with special reasons, the Ministry \\\"<i>may record its detailed justification and seek prior approval for relaxation ... from the competent authority i.e. Secretary (Coordination), Cabinet Secretariat<\/i>\\\". Revised consolidated instructions were issued vide OM No. F.4\/1\/2021-PPD dated 03.08.2021.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 123,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the Two Bid System of tendering, the two bids called for are:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"an Eligibility bid and a Financial bid\",\n      \"an Eligibility bid and a Technical specifications bid\",\n      \"a Technical cum eligibility bid and a Financial bid\",\n      \"a Technical specifications bid and a Financial bid\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.5.3(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Tenders are called in two Bids in which Bid - 1 is Technical cum eligibility Bid and Bid - 2 is Financial bid.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>In the two-bid format eligibility and technical content are combined into a single envelope; in the three-bid format under Para 4.5.3(2) they are separated into Bid-1 Eligibility, Bid-2 Technical specifications and Bid-3 Financial. The three-bid route is used \\\"<i>generally, works for which technical specifications have not been finalized and the same are to be finalized on receipt of the details from the bidders<\/i>\\\". Neither route counts as a restricted tender under Para 4.5.1.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 124,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the Three Bid System of tendering, the three bids to be submitted, in order, are:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Eligibility bid, Financial bid, Technical specifications\",\n      \"Technical specifications, Eligibility bid, Financial bid\",\n      \"Financial bid, Eligibility bid, Technical specifications\",\n      \"Eligibility bid, Technical specifications, Financial bid\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.5.3(2)<\/b> \u2014 the Three Bid System runs \\\"<i>Bid - 1: Eligibility bid<\/i>\\\", \\\"<i>Bid - 2: Technical specifications<\/i>\\\" and \\\"<i>Bid - 3: Financial bid.<\/i>\\\" The sequence is not merely formal: it allows eligibility to be settled first, technical specifications to be finalised \\\"<i>on receipt of the details from the bidders<\/i>\\\", and price to be opened last. The financial bid must always come last, which disposes of options (a) and (c).<br><br><b>Para 4.5.3(3)<\/b> adds that technical and financial bids are normally called simultaneously, but \\\"<i>in case of exigencies, only technical bids can be called first with the approval of ADG\/SDG or any other authority designated by CPWD Directorate<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 125,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The system of composite tendering is required to be followed for all kinds of building and road works:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"irrespective of cost\",\n      \"only for works costing above Rs. 100 crore\",\n      \"only for works costing above Rs. 50 crore\",\n      \"only for maintenance works\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.5.2(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>System of composite tendering shall be followed for all kind of building and road works (irrespective of cost).<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The <b>Definitions<\/b> describe composite tenders as those \\\"<i>comprising of components of more than one discipline viz Civil, Horticulture, Internal Electric Installations and other Internal & External Electrical Works including Services<\/i>\\\". The rule is not absolute in application: under <b>Para 4.5.2(2)<\/b>, \\\"<i>If requirements of the work so demand, the T\/S Authority may dispense with the system of composite tendering with recorded reasons.<\/i>\\\" On the maintenance side, Para 9.3 similarly requires comprehensive maintenance through a single agency by inviting composite tenders.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 126,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:\\nList-I (Mode of execution on EPC contracts)\\nA. Mode I\\nB. Mode II\\nC. Mode III\\nList-II (Scope of work of the contractor)\\n1. Procurement and construction based on architectural, structural and MEP drawings provided by the Department\\n2. Preparation of detailed architectural, structural and MEP design and drawings and shop drawings, procurement and construction, based on basic architectural drawings prepared by the Department\\n3. Preparation of structural and MEP design and drawings and shop drawings, procurement and construction, based on detailed architectural drawings provided by the Department\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-2, B-3, C-1\",\n      \"A-1, B-2, C-3\",\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1\",\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.8<\/b> defines the three modes by how much design passes to the contractor: Mode I hands over architectural, structural and MEP design from basic architectural drawings; Mode II retains detailed architectural design with the Department; Mode III retains architectural, structural and MEP drawings with the Department, the contractor doing procurement and construction.<br><br>The order of preference follows the same logic \u2014 Mode I is preferred as technology neutral, Mode II is second, and Mode III, being technology pre-selected, is third and may be used only where the user resolves for a particular technology, has finalised all drawings, or site or functional requirements so demand.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 127,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Apart from civil work and horticulture work, a composite tender is required to include the component of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"arbitration and litigation charges\",\n      \"internal electric installations and other internal & external electrical works including services\",\n      \"land acquisition and rehabilitation\",\n      \"departmental charges and contingencies\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.5.2(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Apart from civil work and horticulture work, the composite tender should also include component of internal electric installations and other internal & external electrical works including services.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The same four-discipline formulation appears in the <b>Definitions<\/b> entry for Composite Tenders. The purpose is single-point accountability for the finished asset. The distractors are not tender components at all: departmental charges and contingencies are provisions <i>within<\/i> the estimate under Paras 3.1.1.3 and 3.1.1.4, and arbitration is a post-contract mechanism under Para 5.21.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 128,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"All tenders are to be invited on behalf of the President of India, and the words required to be incorporated in all Notices Inviting Tender are:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"\\\"On behalf of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\\\"\",\n      \"\\\"On behalf of the Central Public Works Department\\\"\",\n      \"\\\"For & on behalf of the President of India\\\"\",\n      \"\\\"For & on behalf of the Government of India\\\"\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.10(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>All tenders should be invited on behalf of the President of India. It is therefore necessary that the words 'For & on behalf of the President of India' should be incorporated in all NITs.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The requirement flows from <b>Para 5.0(1)<\/b>, under which \\\"<i>All contracts shall be executed by the Engineer-in-Charge 'for and on behalf of the President of India' as per Article 299 (1) of the Constitution of India.<\/i>\\\" A contract not so expressed risks being unenforceable against the Union, which is why the formula must appear at both the invitation and execution stages, and why the near-miss wording in option (d) is insufficient.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 129,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The estimated cost put to tender in the Notice Inviting Tender is required to be worked out based on the architectural drawings, specifications and rates considered in the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Schedule of Rates for the previous year\",\n      \"Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction\",\n      \"Preliminary Estimate\",\n      \"Technical Sanction\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.10(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The estimated cost put to tender in the NIT shall be worked out based on the architectural drawings, specifications and rates considered in the Technical Sanction.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Consistency between T\/S and NIT is enforced by <b>Para 4.10(4)<\/b>: if specifications change while framing the NIT or later, rates must be modified and the ECPT corrected, and where the change in ECPT exceeds \u00b12% or an individual item varies by more than 10% after the NIT has issued, the NIT must be revised and tenders re-invited afresh. On the maintenance side <b>Para 10.5(1)<\/b> allows the ECPT to be based on DSR\/market rates for general maintenance works.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 130,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Tenders for works costing up to the maximum tendering limit of Central Public Works Department contractors enlisted in Class-I of the Buildings & Roads\/Horticulture category are, as a rule, to be invited under:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"restricted tenders\",\n      \"the Single Bid system\",\n      \"the Two\/Three Bid system\",\n      \"a Global Tender Enquiry\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.11(2)<\/b> \u2014 such tenders \\\"<i>or as instructed from time to time shall be invited in Single Bid system<\/i>\\\", while under Para 4.11(4) works costing more than that limit \\\"<i>shall be invited in Two\/Three Bid System<\/i>\\\".<br><br>The rule is not rigid: <b>Para 4.11(3)<\/b> permits the T\/S Authority, in view of the requirements of the work, to invite tenders up to the Class-I limit on the Two\/Three Bid system \\\"<i>with recorded reasons after obtaining prior approval from higher authority not below the rank of CE<\/i>\\\". Restricted tenders in option (a) are a separate category under Para 4.5.1, requiring prior approval of the competent authority with recorded reasons.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 131,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In respect of works of inescapable nature awarded without call of tenders, the quotation accepting authority may decide the publicity period, except in the case of spot quotations, subject to a minimum period of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"three working days\",\n      \"five working days\",\n      \"two working days\",\n      \"seven working days\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.1(4)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>In respect of works of inescapable nature, method will be followed as prescribed in Para 1.5 of Chapter 1. The quotation accepting authority may decide the publicity period, except in case of spot quotations, subject to minimum period of two working days.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Spot quotations are excluded because, by definition, they are collected at site by officers not below AE\/AEE under Para 1.5(1). The three-day figure in option (a) is the floor for <i>tenders<\/i> at short notice under Para 4.13(2), and also the minimum publicity for a corrigendum \u2014 a neighbouring but different limit.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 132,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"All of the following are required before the approval of a Notice Inviting Tender, EXCEPT:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"availability of site or land, in full or in part\",\n      \"availability of funds\",\n      \"Administrative Approval and Expenditure Sanction, in the case of every work without exception\",\n      \"monitoring of statutory clearances\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.10(3)<\/b> lists the prerequisites as \\\"<i>(i) A\/A & E\/S except in Emergent Works (ii) Availability of site\/land in full or part (iii) Monitoring of statutory clearances (iv) Other approvals required before commencement of work... (v) Technical Sanction for all works except Emergent Works. (vi) Funds availability.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The carve-out for emergent works is what makes the third option wrong: both the A\/A & E\/S and the Technical Sanction are dispensed with for such works, because the whole premise of an emergent work under <b>Para 1.5<\/b> is that it brooks no delay. Funds availability is the requirement newly added at (vi).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 133,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The mandatory e-publishing of all tender enquiries on the Central Public Procurement Portal is required as per which Rules of the General Financial Rules, 2017?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rules 161 and 162\",\n      \"Rules 149 and 150\",\n      \"Rules 172 and 173\",\n      \"Rules 159 and 160\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.4(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>As per Rule 159 and 160 of GFR 2017, it is mandatory to e- publish all Tender enquiries, Requests for Proposals, Requests for Expressions of Interest, notice for pre-qualification\/registration or any other notice inviting bids or proposals in any form, corrigenda thereon and details of bid awards on the Central Public Procurement Portal (CPPP) as well as website of the Department and to receive all bids through e-procurement portals.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Only cases requiring confidentiality for national security are exempt, and that decision needs approval of the Secretary of the Ministry\/Department with the concurrence of the Financial Advisor. Rule 149 in option (b) governs GeM purchases under Para 14.1; rule 161(iv) governs GTE.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 134,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A Special Purpose Vehicle created by the Director General, Central Public Works Department for taking up works on an \\\"Alternate Mode\\\" of funding is created under the Company Act and is governed by:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the Central Vigilance Commission and Comptroller and Auditor General rules and guidelines\",\n      \"the General Financial Rules, 2017 only\",\n      \"the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules only\",\n      \"the client department's own guidelines\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.9<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>a 'Special purpose vehicle' (SPV) under Company Act shall be created after obtaining due approval from MoHUA. The SPV shall have the officers and staff from CPWD. The SPV will be governed by CVC and CAG rules and guidelines.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Three features therefore define the SPV: prior MoHUA approval, CPWD manpower, and continuing subjection to vigilance and audit discipline notwithstanding its corporate form. The Salient Features record that the \\\"<i>Provision of SPV included for larger magnitude projects as notified by the Directorate from time to time<\/i>\\\", the trigger being a requirement of MoHUA or another Ministry\/Government department.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 135,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"If the lowest bidder backs out and re-tendering is resorted to, the contractor who has backed out:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"shall be automatically awarded the work at the next lowest rate\",\n      \"shall not be allowed to participate in the re-tendering process\",\n      \"may participate in the re-tendering process at a reduced earnest money\",\n      \"may participate only with the approval of the Chief Engineer\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.16<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>If the lowest bidder backs out, there should be re-tendering in a transparent and fair manner. In such a situation, the NIT approving authority may call tender at short notice if so justified in the interest of work. The contractor who has backed out shall not be allowed to participate in the re-tendering process.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The bar is reinforced on the earnest money side by <b>Para 5.1.7(3)<\/b>: where earnest money is forfeited for withdrawal, or for failure to furnish the performance guarantee, \\\"<i>the bidder shall not be allowed to participate in the re-tendering process of the work.<\/i>\\\" All notices of change in dates and time must be uploaded on the website.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 136,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Restricted tenders of any value can be called with the prior approval of the competent authority as per delegation of financial powers, subject to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the approval of the Central Works Board\",\n      \"a Global Tender Enquiry\",\n      \"recorded reasons\",\n      \"the consent of the Ministry of Finance\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.5.1<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Restricted tenders of any value can be called with the prior approval of the competent authority as per delegation of financial powers, with recorded reasons. Tenders invited from CPWD registered contractors or through Two\/Three Bid system shall not constitute to be restricted tenders.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The second sentence is the examinable distinction \u2014 restriction to enlisted contractors, or a multi-envelope process, is not a \\\"<i>restricted tender<\/i>\\\" at all. The <b>Definitions<\/b> confine restricted tenders to those \\\"<i>of Secret\/Special nature requiring specialized equipment or maintenance of VIP residences\/important buildings invited from limited prequalified contractors<\/i>\\\"; the procedure for preparing the restricted list is in SOP 4\/2.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 137,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"If no response is received from contractors of the appropriate class, or unreasonably high rates are received, one of the measures the Notice Inviting Tender approving authority may take, after obtaining approval of the next higher authority, is to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"reduce the estimated cost put to tender by 10%\",\n      \"award the work departmentally without any tender\",\n      \"cancel the work permanently\",\n      \"open the tenders to the next lower class, including contractors registered with other departments such as the Railways and State Public Works Departments\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.15<\/b> \u2014 the NIT approving authority may, after approval of the next higher authority or the authority designated by the Directorate, take either of two measures: \\\"<i>(i) Tenders will be opened to next lower class including to contractors registered with other departments like Railways, MES, Telecommunication & State PWDs of appropriate class and works, and \/or (ii) Modify the eligibility criteria suitably.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Both work by widening the field rather than by altering the estimate, which is why option (a) is wrong \u2014 the ECPT is derived from the Technical Sanction under Para 4.10(2) and can be changed only through the route in Para 4.10(4).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 138,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"With reference to the award of work orders without call of tenders, the record of the annual limit, the amount consumed and the balance available is required to be kept in the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"contractor's ledger\",\n      \"work order register\",\n      \"hand receipt register\",\n      \"register of works\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.1(6)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Annual limit for award of work orders as per Delegation of Financial Powers (Sl. No. 15 of Annexure-66A) shall not be exceeded by various officers. A record of limit, consumed and balance available should be recorded in work order register to avoid exceeding the limit.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>One exception is carved out by <b>Para 4.2(2)<\/b> \u2014 works awarded to Registered Labour Co-operative Societies \\\"<i>shall not be counted towards the annual ceiling for issue of work orders<\/i>\\\". The hand receipt register in option (c) is a maintenance-side record under Para 9.3.4, maintained at the divisional office and reviewed by the EE monthly.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 139,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding award of work without call of tenders:\\n1. Work awarded after call of quotations is construed to have been awarded without call of tenders.\\n2. The precise reasons should be recorded by the Engineer-in-Charge before dispensing with call of tenders.\\n3. The notice inviting quotation with terms and conditions is to be approved by the quotation accepting authority before the call of quotation.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.1(1)<\/b> supports statement 1 \u2014 \\\"<i>The work awarded after call of quotations shall be construed to have been awarded without call of tenders.<\/i>\\\"<br><br><b>Para 4.1(3)<\/b> supports statement 2 \u2014 \\\"<i>The precise reasons should be recorded by the Engineer-in-Charge before dispensing with call of tenders.<\/i>\\\"<br><br><b>Para 4.1(5)<\/b> supports statement 3 \u2014 \\\"<i>Notice inviting quotation with terms and conditions should be approved by quotation accepting authority, before call of quotation.<\/i>\\\" All three are therefore correct. The chapter opens from the opposite presumption in Para 4.1(2): \\\"<i>Normally tenders should be called for all works<\/i>\\\", the notice period being reducible by the NIT approving authority only where the work must be awarded expeditiously.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 140,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding conditions to be incorporated in a Notice Inviting Tender:\\n1. A preferred make list is to be incorporated, ISI marked brands being approved by the Chief Engineer or Superintending Engineer.\\n2. Open-ended conditions involving subjectivity regarding the decision of rates of comprehensive annual maintenance contracts or annual maintenance contracts at a later stage shall not be included.\\n3. The Engineer-in-Charge shall check the footprint or envelope of the proposed building by marking the layout physically at site before inviting tender.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"All three reproduce <b>Para 4.10(3)<\/b> \u2014 clause (ix) on preferred makes, under which \\\"<i>CE\/ADG\/SDG can approve non-ISI brands (Brand name) for their respective jurisdictions<\/i>\\\" while ISI marked brands may be approved by CE\/SE; clause (x) on physical marking of the layout, which \\\"<i>will enable him to check the available setbacks vis-\u00e0-vis local bylaws and feasibility of execution<\/i>\\\"; and clause (xi), which bars open-ended CAMC or AMC conditions and requires instead \\\"<i>clear, and predefined criteria... to ensure a more equitable and transparent procurement process.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The last is a fresh insertion aimed at rate disputes that surface only after award.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 141,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For works costing between Rs. 50 crore and Rs. 100 crore, the decision whether to adopt the Engineering, Procurement and Construction mode is to be taken by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Notice Inviting Tender approving authority, based on the exigencies of the work\",\n      \"Central Works Board, on the recommendation of the Chief Engineer\",\n      \"Director General, Central Public Works Department in every case\",\n      \"client department, at the time of according Administrative Approval\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.8(ii)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Regarding adopting EPC mode for works costing between Rs. 50 crore and 100 crore, the NIT approving authority shall take decision based on the exigencies of the work.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The three-tier structure of the para is examinable: above Rs. 100 crore, works \\\"<i>shall be taken up on EPC mode in any of the above modes<\/i>\\\"; between Rs. 50 crore and Rs. 100 crore, the NIT approving authority decides; and below Rs. 50 crore the same authority \\\"<i>shall record inability of departmental resources for architectural, structural and services design for the work, duly endorsed to ADG\/SDG concerned, before approving the NIT for EPC mode<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 142,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"To adopt the Engineering, Procurement and Construction mode for a work costing less than Rs. 50 crore, the Notice Inviting Tender approving authority is required to record, before approving the Notice Inviting Tender:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the consent of the user department to the technology to be adopted\",\n      \"the inability of departmental resources for architectural, structural and services design, duly endorsed to the Additional Director General\/Special Director General\",\n      \"the approval of the Central Works Board to the mode of execution\",\n      \"a certificate that the work is of an inescapable nature\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.8(iii)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>To adopt EPC mode, if required for works costing less than Rs. 50 Crore, the NIT approving authority shall record inability of departmental resources for architectural, structural and services design for the work, duly endorsed to ADG\/SDG concerned, before approving the NIT for EPC mode.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The requirement reflects that EPC below the notified band is an exception justified only by a capacity gap, not by preference. Option (d) belongs to emergent works under Para 1.5(1)(xi); the user's resolve for a particular technology in option (a) is one of the three alternative gateways to <i>Mode III<\/i>, not to EPC mode as such.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 143,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A change in the mode of execution of an Engineering, Procurement and Construction contract after opening of the financial bids:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"may be allowed by the Notice Inviting Tender approving authority with recorded reasons\",\n      \"may be allowed only if the lowest bidder consents in writing\",\n      \"is not desirable and should not be permitted by the Additional Director General\/Special Director General\",\n      \"requires a fresh Technical Sanction and a revised Administrative Approval\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.8(12)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Change of mode of execution of EPC Contracts after opening of financial bids is not desirable, hence should not be permitted by ADG\/SDG.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The bar protects the integrity of the competition, because the mode determines what design and risk the bidder priced: in Modes I and II the contractor carries \\\"<i>investigations, designing, planning, procurement, construction, safety, quality, and risk of engineering<\/i>\\\" under Para 4.8(5), whereas in Mode III the department supplies the drawings. Changing the mode after prices are known would alter the bargain retrospectively. The choice of mode must instead be settled at the NIT stage, in the order of preference Mode I, II, III.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 144,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the Engineering, Procurement and Construction mode, a contractor with whom a bidder proposes to associate for the opted technology must not have been debarred from any Ministry or Government organization in the last:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"three years\",\n      \"five years\",\n      \"seven years\",\n      \"ten years\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.8(11)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Associated contractor should not have been debarred from any Ministry or any govt. organization in the last five years.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The five-year clean-record test operates alongside the experience test in the same para, under which the associate must have completed one work of the opted technology with a structural-system cost not less than 20% of the ECPT \\\"<i>during the last seven years<\/i>\\\" \u2014 seven years in option (c) is that neighbouring figure and the intended trap. The association must be evidenced by a MoU in the prescribed format at Annexure-68 of SOP, submitted along with the tender, and is confined to the structural system in the opted technology.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 145,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"All expenditure incurred for testing of samples, including packaging, sealing, transportation, loading, unloading and testing charges, is required to be borne by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"contractor\",\n      \"department out of the contingencies of the work\",\n      \"user department under the Memorandum of Understanding\",\n      \"Third Party Quality Assurance agency\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.10.2<\/b> \u2014 the NIT approving authority must incorporate the provision that \\\"<i>All expenditure to be incurred for testing of samples e.g. packaging, sealing, transportation, loading, unloading etc. including testing charges shall be borne by the contractor. The NIT shall have list of approved laboratories for testing as approved by ADG \/ SDG.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The Salient Features record this as a change: \\\"<i>Testing charges to be borne by the contractor.<\/i>\\\" Note the two limbs \u2014 the cost shifts to the contractor, but the choice of laboratory is controlled by the department through an ADG\/SDG-approved list. Guidelines on testing of material are separately at SOP 5\/16.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 146,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following which are required before approval of a Notice Inviting Tender:\\n1. Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction, except in Emergent Works\\n2. Availability of site or land in full or part\\n3. Technical Sanction for all works except Emergent Works\\n4. Funds availability\\n\\nHow many of the above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Only one\",\n      \"Only two\",\n      \"Only three\",\n      \"All four\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.10(3)<\/b> \u2014 before approval of the NIT the following are required: \\\"<i>(i) A\/A & E\/S except in Emergent Works (ii) Availability of site\/land in full or part (iii) Monitoring of statutory clearances (iv) Other approvals required before commencement of work in case the same are not part of the NIT. (v) Technical Sanction for all works except Emergent Works. (vi) Funds availability.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>All four statements therefore appear in that list. The requirement of funds availability at the NIT stage should be read with Para 1.5(2)(i), which similarly requires funds to be ensured before taking up urgent works, and with Para 4.11(1), permitting tenders only after T\/S and NIT approval.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 147,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Open-ended conditions involving subjectivity regarding decision of rates of comprehensive annual maintenance contracts or annual maintenance contracts at a later stage:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"may be included in the Notice Inviting Tender with the approval of the Chief Engineer\",\n      \"shall not be included in the Notice Inviting Tender; clear and predefined criteria should instead be mentioned\",\n      \"shall be settled through negotiation with the lowest bidder after award\",\n      \"are to be referred to the Central Works Board for a decision\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.10(3)(xi)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Open-ended conditions involving subjectivity regarding decision of rates of CAMC\/AMC at later stage, shall not be included in the NITs. Instead, clear, and predefined criteria should be mentioned in NIT to ensure a more equitable and transparent procurement process.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The identical direction is repeated on the maintenance side at <b>Para 10.5(5)<\/b>. Option (c) is barred by Para 5.1.8(1), under which negotiations are not normally to be conducted at all and, where unavoidable, are restricted to the lowest bidder under exceptional circumstances with the approval and recommendation of the next higher authority.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 148,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where a bidder violates the earnest money deposit declaration submitted along with the bid, action for suspension from bidding as per the conditions of the Notice Inviting Tender is to be taken:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"by the Executive Engineer concerned, after issuing a show cause notice to the contractor\",\n      \"by the Chief Engineer concerned, without any notice, the declaration being self-operating\",\n      \"by the Notice Inviting Tender approving authority, on a reference from the Central Vigilance Commission\",\n      \"by the Director General, CPWD, on the recommendation of the Regional Works Board\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.20<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>In case where the bidders violate the EMD declaration submitted alongwith the bid, the Executive Engineer concerned shall take necessary action against the contractor for suspension from bidding as per NIT conditions after issuing show cause notice to the contractor. Refer SOP No 4\/11.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Two features distinguish this from debarment: the initiating authority is the Executive Engineer, the officer who holds the contract, and a show cause notice is a condition precedent, so the suspension cannot be automatic as option (b) suggests. This is a provision without a counterpart in the earlier edition.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 149,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Tenders for works costing up to the maximum tendering limit of Class-I enlisted Buildings & Roads\/Horticulture category contractors may be invited under the Two\/Three Bid system with recorded reasons, after obtaining prior approval from a higher authority not below the rank of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Executive Engineer\",\n      \"Superintending Engineer\",\n      \"Chief Engineer\",\n      \"Additional Director General\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.11(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The T\/S Authority, in view of the requirements of the work, may also invite tenders up to the maximum Tendering limit of class \u2013 I enlisted Buildings & Roads\/ Horticulture Category CPWD contractors in Two\/Three Bid system with recorded reasons after obtaining prior approval from higher authority not below the rank of CE.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>This is an exception to the default in Para 4.11(2), under which such works go to the Single Bid system, and is justified where the work needs eligibility or technical screening. Above the Class-I tendering limit the Two\/Three Bid System is mandatory in any case under Para 4.11(4).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 150,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where bidders violate the Earnest Money Deposit declaration submitted along with the bid, action against the contractor for suspension from bidding, after issuing a show cause notice, is required to be taken by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Executive Engineer concerned\",\n      \"Superintending Engineer of the Circle\",\n      \"enlisting authority of the contractor\",\n      \"Chief Technical Examiner's Organization\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.20<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>In case where the bidders violate the EMD declaration submitted alongwith the bid, the Executive Engineer concerned shall take necessary action against the contractor for suspension from bidding as per NIT conditions after issuing show cause notice to the contractor.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Two safeguards are built in: the action must follow the NIT conditions, and a show cause notice must precede it. This is distinct from debarment under <b>Para 4.19<\/b>, where the Executive Engineer <i>reports<\/i> defaults of CPWD enlisted contractors to the enlisting authority under Rule 13.6 of ER for disciplinary action, details of debarment of non-CPWD contractors being uploaded on the CPWD website.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 151,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"With reference to the pre-bid conference, which one of the following is correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"It may be held only once, and no corrigendum may be issued as a result of it\",\n      \"Queries raised after it are to be settled directly with the lowest bidder after opening of bids\",\n      \"There is no bar on holding it more than once, especially in complex types of works\",\n      \"The time gap between it and the last date of submission of the technical bid is fixed at 21 days\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.6<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>There would be no bar to hold the pre-bid conference more than once, especially in complex types of works.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Its purpose is \\\"<i>to clarify the doubts of the contractors, besides discussions on any additional suggestion proposed by the contractors<\/i>\\\", and where necessary a corrigendum is issued and put up on the e-tendering portal for all contractors, \\\"<i>and thereafter no further query\/condition shall be entertained<\/i>\\\". The time gap is not fixed at a single figure \u2014 \\\"<i>The NIT approving authority shall decide the time gap ... based on the importance and complexity of work<\/i>\\\", subject to the minimum of 14 days after issue of pre-bid clarifications under Para 4.13(1)(iii).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 152,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Normally, technical and financial bids are called simultaneously; however, in case of exigencies, only technical bids can be called first with the approval of the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Executive Engineer\",\n      \"Superintending Engineer\",\n      \"Chief Engineer\",\n      \"Additional Director General\/Special Director General\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.5.3(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Normally, technical and financial bids are called simultaneously, however, in case of exigencies, only technical bids can be called first with the approval of ADG\/SDG or any other authority designated by CPWD Directorate.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The default of simultaneous calling shortens the cycle and prevents the price bid being framed with knowledge of who has qualified. The procedure for opening Two\/Three Bid tenders is given in SOP 4\/4. Note the recurring role of ADG\/SDG in exceptional departures under this chapter \u2014 pre-selection of technology in EPC Mode III and the bar on changing the EPC mode after opening of financial bids are both at that level.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 153,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A contractor enlisted with the Central Public Works Department as well as with the Military Engineer Services, BSNL, the Railways or the Buildings and Roads wing of a State Government is eligible to tender for works up to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the amount permitted by his enlistment in the Central Public Works Department only\",\n      \"the amount permitted by whichever of the two enlistments is higher, where tenders are opened for non-Central Public Works Department contractors also\",\n      \"the aggregate of the limits permitted by both enlistments\",\n      \"the amount permitted by his enlistment in the other department only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.17<\/b> \u2014 such a contractor \\\"<i>shall be eligible to tender for works up to the amount permitted by virtue of his enlistment limit in the CPWD or by virtue of his enlistment in MES, BSNL, Railways or Buildings and Roads wing of State Govt. whichever is higher, in case tenders are opened for non - CPWD Contractors also.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Two limbs must be satisfied \u2014 the higher of the two limits is taken, but only where the tender has in fact been opened to non-CPWD contractors, a step permitted under Para 4.15 where there is no response or unreasonably high rates. Option (c) is wrong: the limits are alternatives, never cumulative.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 154,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A non-Central Public Works Department contractor is eligible to tender for works based on past experience gained from works executed by an earlier partnership firm:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"in full, irrespective of the applicant's share in that firm\",\n      \"in the same proportion as the share of the applicant in that partnership firm where he was a partner earlier\",\n      \"only if the applicant held a majority share in that firm\",\n      \"only if the firm continues to be in existence on the date of the tender\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.18<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>A non-CPWD contractor shall be eligible to tender for works based on the past experience gained from the works executed by the earlier firm (partnership firm) in the same proportion of share of the applicant in that partnership firm where the applicant was a partner earlier.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Experience is thus apportioned, not inherited whole, which rules out option (a). The provision speaks of a firm in which the applicant \\\"<i>was a partner earlier<\/i>\\\", so its continued existence is immaterial, disposing of option (d). This eligibility rule sits alongside Para 4.17, under which the tendering limit is the higher of the CPWD and the other department's enlistment limits.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 155,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In a tender with an estimated cost put to tender of Rs. 200 lakh, the lowest valid tenderer of the General Category has quoted 12% below. The highest amount at which the work may be awarded to an individual contractor belonging to the Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 190.00 lakh\",\n      \"Rs. 176.00 lakh\",\n      \"Rs. 186.00 lakh\",\n      \"Rs. 184.80 lakh\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"The worked example under <b>Para 4.3<\/b> computes the preference on the lowest valid tenderer's quoted amount, not on the estimated cost, recording it as \\\"<i>5% of 'B' = Rs. 4.50<\/i>\\\" where B is the quoted amount of Rs. 90 against an estimated cost of Rs. 100.<br><br>Here B is Rs. 176 lakh, being 12% below Rs. 200 lakh. Five per cent of Rs. 176 lakh is Rs. 8.80 lakh, so the ceiling is Rs. 184.80 lakh. Rs. 186.00 lakh is the trap \u2014 it adds 5% of the estimated cost instead of 5% of the quoted amount, and the whole point of the example is that the preference is reckoned on B.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 156,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A construction work with an estimated cost of Rs. 65 crore is under consideration. As regards execution through the Engineering, Procurement and Construction mode, the position is that:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the mode is mandatory, the cost exceeding Rs. 50 crore\",\n      \"the Notice Inviting Tender approving authority decides whether the mode is to be adopted\",\n      \"the mode cannot be adopted, the cost being below Rs. 100 crore\",\n      \"the inability of departmental resources must be recorded and endorsed to the Additional Director General\/Special Director General\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.8<\/b> lays down three bands by value. The EPC mode is mandatory above Rs. 100 crore; between Rs. 50 crore and Rs. 100 crore the choice rests with the NIT approving authority; and below Rs. 50 crore the inability of departmental resources has to be recorded and endorsed to ADG\/SDG. A work of Rs. 65 crore falls in the middle band.<br><br>The last option is therefore the requirement for the band below, and the first and third mis-state the boundaries in opposite directions. Where the mode is adopted, <b>Para 4.8(12)<\/b> bars any change of EPC mode after opening of the financial bids.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 157,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"After a Notice Inviting Tender has been issued, a variation in specifications requires the rates of the corresponding items to be modified and the estimated cost put to tender to be corrected. The Notice Inviting Tender must be revised and tenders re-invited afresh where the change in the estimated cost put to tender exceeds, or the variation in the amount of an individual item exceeds, respectively:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"\u00b1 5% and 10%\",\n      \"\u00b1 2% and 10%\",\n      \"\u00b1 2% and 5%\",\n      \"\u00b1 10% and 20%\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.10(4)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>If the change in ECPT, due to above reasons, is more than + 2% or variation in the amount of individual item is more than 10% and NIT has already been issued, then the NIT is to be revised and tenders are to be re-invited afresh.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The two triggers are alternative, not cumulative, so either one on its own compels a fresh call. Below those limits the position reverses: \\\"<i>In case, the variation is less than above limits then ECPT need not to be revised, if tenders have already been invited otherwise ECPT is to be modified in the NIT.<\/i>\\\" The occasion for the whole exercise is that DSR item rates and plinth area rates are tied to particular specifications.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 158,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 4: Modes of Bidding System\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For which one of the following works would adoption of the Engineering, Procurement and Construction methodology be mandatory, in the absence of any revision of the prescribed cut-off value?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"a work costing Rs. 45 crore\",\n      \"a work costing Rs. 75 crore\",\n      \"a work costing Rs. 95 crore\",\n      \"a work costing Rs. 120 crore\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.8<\/b> records the direction that \\\"<i>cutoff value of projects, above which all contracts will be taken up under EPC methodology, will be Rs 100 Cr<\/i>\\\", so only the work of Rs. 120 crore crosses it.<br><br>The works of Rs. 75 crore and Rs. 95 crore fall in the discretionary band where the NIT approving authority decides, and the Rs. 45 crore work may be taken on EPC only if the inability of departmental resources is recorded. The cut-off is not immutable \u2014 the same paragraph adds that the figure \\\"<i>will be as decided and notified by the MoHUA\/ CPWD from time to time<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 159,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"All contracts are required to be executed by the Engineer-in-Charge \\\"for and on behalf of the President of India\\\" as per which Article of the Constitution of India?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Article 299(1)\",\n      \"Article 115(1)\",\n      \"Article 112\",\n      \"Article 299(2)\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.0(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>All contracts shall be executed by the Engineer-in-Charge 'for and on behalf of the President of India' as per Article 299 (1) of the Constitution of India.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The same formula must appear at the invitation stage under <b>Para 4.10(1)<\/b>, which requires the words \\\"<i>For & on behalf of the President of India<\/i>\\\" in all NITs. Option (b) is the standard cross-chapter trap: <b>Article 115(1)<\/b> is invoked in Para 2.20.3, under which a Supplementary Grant or Appropriation must be obtained before payment is authorized where savings are unavailable within the Grant or the expenditure is on a New Service.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 160,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The provision of an Integrity Pact is required to be made in the General Conditions of Contract for all works with an estimated cost put to tender of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 100 crore and above\",\n      \"Rs. 300 crore and above\",\n      \"Rs. 50 crore and above\",\n      \"Rs. 200 crore and above\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.0(6)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Provision of Integrity Pact shall be made in GCC for all works with estimated cost put to tender (ECPT) of Rs. 300 crore and above. Provision of Integrity Pact is not to be kept for works with estimated cost put to tender below Rs. 300 crore.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The pact, signed by the Engineer-in-Charge in the presence of a witness, forms part of the NIT documents uploaded on the e-tendering website, and \\\"<i>Integrity pact shall be deleted from GCC while framing agreement by Engineer-in-Charge in works where Integrity pact is not applicable.<\/i>\\\" Details and the appointment of Independent External Monitors are in CVC Circular no. 05\/01\/22 dated 25.01.2022.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 161,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Save in exceptional circumstances, no work of any kind should be commenced without prior execution of a contract as per the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"General Financial Rules, 2017\",\n      \"Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996\",\n      \"Indian Contract Act\",\n      \"Contract Labour Act\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.0(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Save in exceptional circumstances, no work of any kind should be commenced without prior execution of contract as per the Indian Contract Act.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The exception is narrow and is worked out through Form 10, the Piece Work agreement under Para 1.1(4), \\\"<i>used mainly in cases, where it is necessary to start the work in anticipation of formal acceptance of contract<\/i>\\\". Related discipline in the same para: standard forms are to be adopted as far as possible and must be \\\"<i>clear, legible and unambiguous<\/i>\\\" (5.0(2)), and \\\"<i>The terms of the contract once entered into should not be materially varied<\/i>\\\" (5.0(4)). The 1996 Act governs arbitration under Para 5.21.1.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 162,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"No contract involving an uncertain or indefinite liability, or any condition of an unusual character, should be entered into without the previous consent of the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Central Vigilance Commission\",\n      \"Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\",\n      \"Director General, Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"Ministry of Finance\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.0(5)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>No contract involving an uncertain or indefinite liability or any condition of an unusual character should be entered into without the previous consent of the Ministry of Finance.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The safeguard is fiscal, which is why the consent lies with Finance and not with the administrative Ministry in option (b) \u2014 MoHUA's role under Para 1.6 is confined to financial policy, delegation of financial powers and other policy matters. Option (a) enters contract management only indirectly, through CVC guidelines that NIT approving authorities must keep in view under Para 5.0(2) when deleting or modifying clauses, and through the Integrity Pact circular.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 163,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For works estimated to cost up to Rs. ten crore, the rate of Earnest Money is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"2% of the estimated cost\",\n      \"1% of the estimated cost\",\n      \"5% of the estimated cost\",\n      \"2.5% of the estimated cost\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.1.2(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>For works estimated to cost upto Rs. ten crore or as notified from time to time: 2% (Two percent) of the estimated cost.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Above that value the rate is tapered under Para 5.1.2(2) \u2014 \\\"<i>Rs. Twenty lakhs plus 1% (one percent) of the estimated cost put to tender in excess of Rs. ten crore<\/i>\\\" \u2014 so the 1% in option (b) applies only to the slab above Rs. ten crore. The 5% in option (c) is the Performance Guarantee rate under Para 5.2(2), a different security altogether: earnest money guards against withdrawal during bid validity, while the PG secures due performance of the contract.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 164,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For works estimated to cost more than Rs. ten crore, the Earnest Money is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. Twenty lakhs plus 2% of the estimated cost put to tender in excess of Rs. ten crore\",\n      \"Rs. Twenty lakhs plus 1% of the estimated cost put to tender in excess of Rs. ten crore\",\n      \"Rs. Ten lakhs plus 1% of the estimated cost put to tender in excess of Rs. ten crore\",\n      \"a flat 2% of the estimated cost put to tender\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.1.2(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>For works estimated to cost more than Rs ten crore or as notified from time to time : Rs. Twenty lakhs plus 1% (one percent) of the estimated cost put to tender in excess of Rs. ten crore.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The base of Rs. twenty lakhs is simply 2% of Rs. ten crore, so the formula is continuous with the lower slab in Para 5.1.2(1) and then halves the marginal rate. Option (c) mis-states the base and option (a) the marginal rate. Under <b>Para 5.1.1<\/b> the EMD \\\"<i>shall be made \/ issued only from the account of the bidder \/ tenderer submitting the bid\/tender<\/i>\\\"; one issued from any other account \\\"<i>shall not be accepted<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 165,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the case of petty works, the Executive Engineer may at his discretion dispense with the conditions for calling for Earnest Money where the works cost:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 1,00,000 or less\",\n      \"Rs. 50,000 or less\",\n      \"Rs. 25,000 or less\",\n      \"Rs. 10,000 or less\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.1.2(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>In case of petty works costing Rs. 25,000\/- or less the Executive Engineer may, at his discretion, dispense with the conditions for calling for Earnest Money.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The power is discretionary and personal to the EE. The same figure of Rs. 25,000 recurs on the maintenance side in <b>Para 9.3.4<\/b>, where petty maintenance and repair works up to Rs. 25,000 may be executed through hand receipts at reasonable rates, subject to an annual ceiling of Rs. 10 lac per Division. A separate exemption operates under Para 4.2(1) for registered labour co-operative societies, where EMD is exempted up to an estimated cost of Rs. 3 lakhs.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 166,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"If a tenderer withdraws his tender or makes an unacceptable modification within 7 days after the last date and time of submission of bids, the Government is at liberty to forfeit:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the entire security deposit\",\n      \"100% of the earnest money\",\n      \"25% of the earnest money\",\n      \"50% of the earnest money\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.1.7(1)(i)<\/b> \u2014 withdrawal within 7 days after the last date and time (24 hours basis) of submission of bids permits the Government \\\"<i>without prejudice to any other right or remedy, be at liberty to forfeit 50% of earnest money absolutely irrespective of letter of acceptance for the work is issued or not.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The graduation is deliberate: after expiry of 7 days the forfeiture rises to 100% under sub-clause (ii). The same 50% figure appears in the Notice Inviting Quotation stipulation at Para 5.1.5. Under Para 5.1.7(1)(iii), withdrawal \\\"<i>shall only be made through e-tender portal<\/i>\\\"; letter or e-mail will not be considered.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 167,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"If a tenderer withdraws his tender or makes an unacceptable modification after the expiry of 7 days after the last date and time of submission of bids, the Government is at liberty to forfeit:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"100% of the earnest money\",\n      \"50% of the earnest money\",\n      \"75% of the earnest money\",\n      \"the performance guarantee\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.1.7(1)(ii)<\/b> \u2014 withdrawal after expiry of 7 days attracts forfeiture of \\\"<i>100% of the earnest money absolutely irrespective of letter of acceptance for the work is issued or not.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>A second route to full forfeiture is at <b>Para 5.1.7(2)<\/b>: \\\"<i>If contractor fails to furnish the prescribed performance guarantee within the prescribed period, the earnest money is absolutely forfeited to the President automatically without any notice.<\/i>\\\" In both cases <b>Para 5.1.7(3)<\/b> adds a disqualification \u2014 \\\"<i>the bidder shall not be allowed to participate in the re-tendering process of the work<\/i>\\\". The performance guarantee in option (d) is not in existence at this stage.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 168,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the Performance Guarantee:\\n1. It shall be 5% of the estimated cost put to tender or of the contract amount, whichever is higher.\\n2. It shall remain valid for a minimum period of six months beyond the date of completion of all contractual obligations.\\n3. Where a supplementary agreement is drawn, a fresh Performance Guarantee at 5% of the amount of the supplementary agreement is to be obtained.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.2(2)<\/b> contains all three limbs \u2014 \\\"<i>PG shall be 5% of the Estimated Cost put to tender (ECPT) or contract amount whichever is higher... Performance Guarantee shall remain valid for a minimum period of six months beyond the date of completion of all contractual obligations as per GCC. In case of contracts where supplementary agreement is drawn, the fresh PG shall be obtained from the contractor @ 5% of the amount of the supplementary agreement.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Both the base and the validity have changed: the guarantee was formerly reckoned on the contract amount alone and had to run only sixty days beyond completion. The original work's guarantee is released as per contract conditions.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 169,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where it becomes necessary to conduct negotiations under exceptional circumstances, they should be restricted to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"all the bidders\",\n      \"the lowest bidder only\",\n      \"the two lowest bidders\",\n      \"the lowest three bidders\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.1.8(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Negotiations should not normally be conducted with the bidder, but in case where it becomes necessary to do so, negotiations should be restricted to the lowest bidder only under exceptional circumstances with the approval and recommendation of the next higher authority. Convincing reasons must be recorded by the authority recommending negotiations.<\/i>\\\" Three cumulative conditions therefore apply \u2014 exceptional circumstances, approval and recommendation of the next higher authority, and recorded convincing reasons.<br><br><b>Para 5.1.8(2)<\/b> adds that \\\"<i>The justification and details of such negotiations should be duly recorded and documented without any loss of time<\/i>\\\", the procedure being in SOP 5\/4.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 170,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Performance Guarantee to be obtained from the successful bidder shall be:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"5% of the contract amount in every case\",\n      \"5% of the estimated cost put to tender in every case\",\n      \"5% of the estimated cost put to tender or the contract amount, whichever is higher\",\n      \"10% of the estimated cost put to tender or the contract amount, whichever is lower\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.2(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>PG shall be 5% of the Estimated Cost put to tender (ECPT) or contract amount whichever is higher, or as prescribed from time to time, to be submitted in the form as prescribed in GCC.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The \\\"<i>whichever is higher<\/i>\\\" test matters most where the contract amount falls well below the ECPT, since it prevents the security shrinking with a low bid \u2014 a purpose reinforced by the Additional Performance Guarantee under Para 5.2(5) for abnormally low bids. The PG \\\"<i>shall remain valid for a minimum period of six months beyond the date of completion of all contractual obligations as per GCC<\/i>\\\". Where a supplementary agreement is drawn, a fresh PG at 5% of that amount is obtained.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 171,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The time allowed for submission of the Performance Guarantee may be decided by the Notice Inviting Tender approving authority, but not beyond:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"14 days of issue of the letter of intent\",\n      \"10 days of issue of the letter of intent\",\n      \"3 days of issue of the letter of intent\",\n      \"7 days of issue of the letter of intent\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.2(3)<\/b> \u2014 the time \\\"<i>may be decided by NIT approving authority but not beyond 7 days of issue of the letter of intent depending upon the magnitude and\/or urgency of the work.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Extension is possible but bounded: the NIT approving authorities \\\"<i>may include provision of suitable interest chargeable on per day basis but such extension should not exceed by another seven days<\/i>\\\", and if the last day is a bank holiday the last day of submission shifts to the next working day. Failure to furnish the PG within the prescribed period leads under Para 5.1.7(2) to automatic and absolute forfeiture of earnest money without notice.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 172,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The date of start of the work may be decided by the Notice Inviting Tender approving authority, ranging from how many days from the date of issue of the letter of Intent?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"3 to 10 days\",\n      \"7 to 14 days\",\n      \"1 to 7 days\",\n      \"3 to 7 days\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.3(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The date of start of the work may be decided by NIT approving authority ranging from 3 to 10 days from the date of issue of letter of Intent.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The date of start and the letter for commencement are distinct: under <b>Para 5.3(2)<\/b>, \\\"<i>The letter for commencement of work shall be issued to the contractor only after he\/she submits the performance guarantee in an acceptable form<\/i>\\\", the sample letters being at Annexure-9A and 9B of SOP. The 3-to-7-day band in option (d) belongs to Para 5.1.5 \u2014 the validity of a quotation from the date of opening of quotations where earnest money is stipulated in the NIQ.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 173,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"One duplicate copy of the agreement is supplied to the contractor free of cost; additional copies are charged at:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 1000 per copy\",\n      \"Rs. 2000 per copy\",\n      \"Rs. 500 per copy\",\n      \"Rs. 5000 per copy\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.4.1<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>One duplicate copy of the agreement shall be supplied to the contractor free of cost. Additional copies to the contractor shall be charged @ Rs 2000\/- per copy or as decided by the NIT approving authority.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The same para requires that \\\"<i>Each page of the agreement and all attached documents shall be signed by the Engineer in Charge or his authorized representative and the contractor, as per the conditions of the NIT.<\/i>\\\" Custody is separately fixed by <b>Para 5.4.2<\/b>: the Engineer-in-Charge is responsible for the safe custody of agreements and a record of agreements drawn up is kept in Form CPWD 42.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 174,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A record of the agreements drawn up is required to be kept in which form?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Form CPWD 7\",\n      \"Form CPWA 26\",\n      \"Form CPWD 42\",\n      \"Form GFR 12\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.4.2<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Engineer-in-charge shall be responsible for the safe custody of the agreements. A record of the agreements drawn up should be kept in Form CPWD 42.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The other forms in the options are real but serve different purposes: Form CPWD 7 is the Percentage Rate Tender document (Para 1.1(1)); <b>Form CPWA 26<\/b> is the running account bill form on which a lump-sum advance payment for work done and measured or not measured is made under Para 5.12.5; and <b>Form GFR 12<\/b> is the register in which CEs\/DG maintain consolidated Zone-wise and grant-wise expenditure records under Para 2.25(2). Old agreements are weeded out by a Committee under Para 8.20.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 175,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The overall responsibility for the quality of a work rests with the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Third Party Quality Assurance agency\",\n      \"Superintending Engineer\",\n      \"Chief Engineer\",\n      \"Engineer-in-Charge\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.6.4<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Engineer-in-Charge shall be responsible for the overall quality of work<\/i>\\\", and separately \\\"<i>The officer who records\/test checks the measurements for an item of work will be responsible for the quality, quantity\/measurements and dimensional accuracy of that item of work.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Engaging a TPQA agency does not displace this: the same para provides that \\\"<i>In case of works where TPQA is deployed, SE\/CE shall monitor the compliance of observations of TPQA by the Engineer-in-Charge.<\/i>\\\" Where quality has been checked by the QA unit of CPWD, removal of defects is to be ensured within reasonable time by the Engineer-in-Charge and the QA unit jointly.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 176,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"\\\"Extra items\\\" in a work are those items which are:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"not available in the agreement but are required to complete the work\",\n      \"a decrease in the quantities of items in the agreement\",\n      \"executed in place of an item available in the schedule of quantities\",\n      \"an increase in the quantities of items in the agreement\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.11(a)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Extra items are those items which are not available in the agreement but are required to complete the work.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The <b>Definitions<\/b> add that for EPC contracts, extra items are \\\"<i>additional items which are not defined in the scope of work and\/or its condition of contract<\/i>\\\". Options (b) and (d) describe <b>deviation<\/b>, defined in Para 5.11(b) as \\\"<i>increase or decrease in the quantities of items of work in the agreement<\/i>\\\", a decrease alone being a Negative Deviation in the Definitions. Option (c) is a <b>Substitute Item<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Item executed in place of item of work available in the schedule of quantities of the contract<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 177,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A bid is to be treated as abnormally low, and an Additional Performance Guarantee obtained, where the quoted bid amount is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"less than 90% of the estimated cost put to tender, the Additional Performance Guarantee being 5% of the shortfall\",\n      \"less than 80% of the estimated cost put to tender, the Additional Performance Guarantee being the difference between 80% of that cost and the quoted amount\",\n      \"less than 80% of the contract amount, the Additional Performance Guarantee being 10% of the quoted amount\",\n      \"less than 75% of the estimated cost put to tender, the Additional Performance Guarantee being 5% of the estimated cost\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.2(4)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>A bid will be treated as abnormally low if the quoted bid amount is lesser than 80% of the estimated cost put to tender.<\/i>\\\"<br><br><b>Para 5.2(5)<\/b> fixes the quantum: the Additional Performance Guarantee \\\"<i>shall be equivalent to the difference between the 80% amount of ECPT and quoted amount. (e.g. if ECPT is A and quoted amount is 0.7A then the amount of APG shall be 0.8A - 0.7A).<\/i>\\\" The security therefore grows as the bid falls further below the threshold, rather than being a flat percentage. The Additional Performance Guarantee is in the prescribed Performance Guarantee format, is due within the same timeframe, and is released on the same terms.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 178,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The time limit within which deviated and extra items are required to be sanctioned by the approving authorities is that:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"fixed by the Superintending Engineer at the time of according Technical Sanction\",\n      \"prescribed in the General Conditions of Contract\",\n      \"agreed between the Engineer-in-Charge and the contractor at the time of the pre-bid conference\",\n      \"prescribed in the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.11<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>All approving authorities must ensure that the deviated and extra items should be sanctioned within the time limit prescribed in GCC.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The 2026 edition anchors the timeline to the General Conditions of Contract rather than stating separate periods in the Manual, which is consistent with <b>point 7 of About the Manual<\/b>: \\\"<i>In case of any conflicting provisions in the Manual and SOPs vis-a-vis 'The General Conditions of Contract (GCC)', the provisions made in the GCC shall prevail in contract management.<\/i>\\\" The same para adds that where the contractor submits no claim within the GCC period, the Engineer-in-Charge should himself initiate the extra\/deviation items.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 179,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The rates for deviated items beyond the limit specified in Schedule F of the agreement, as well as those of extra items, are to be worked out in the manner prescribed in which clause of the General Conditions of Contract?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Clause 5.2\",\n      \"Clause 2\",\n      \"Clause 12\",\n      \"Clause 10\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.11(b)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The rates for deviated items beyond the limit specified in schedule F of the agreement as well as those of extra items shall be worked out in the manner prescribed in clause 12 of GCC.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The other clauses named in the Manual make ready traps: <b>Clause 2<\/b> is the compensation clause operated under Para 5.16.1 for delay; <b>Clause 5.2<\/b> governs notices of hindrance and events, to which the Engineer-in-Charge must reply within 21 days under Para 5.15(1); and clause 7A is referred to in Para 5.18.1(B) for the documents that must precede payment of the final bill.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 180,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The total expenditure on a work, including deviation and extra items, should not exceed the Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction amount, except for budgetary works of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, where the total cost should not exceed:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"20% of the Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction amount\",\n      \"5% of the Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction amount\",\n      \"15% of the Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction amount\",\n      \"10% of the Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction amount\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.11.1(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>the total expenditure on the work (including deviation and extra items) should not exceed the AA & ES amount, except in case of MoHUA budgetary works where the total cost of work should not exceed 10% of AA & ES amount.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The same 10% concession appears in <b>Para 3.1.4(3)<\/b> for excess over A\/A & E\/S, subject there to the officer's own technical sanction powers, and in <b>Para 10.2<\/b> for Addition & Alteration maintenance works. The first limb of Para 5.11.1(2) also confines deviation and extra items to \\\"<i>the particular work<\/i>\\\", echoing Para 5.11(c) that they may \\\"<i>in no case be extended to other works under any circumstances<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 181,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"An advance payment for work done and measured, or done but not measured, can be paid by the Engineer-in-Charge as a lump-sum advance payment on which form?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Form CPWA 26\",\n      \"Form CPWD 42\",\n      \"Form CPWD 7\",\n      \"Form GFR 12\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.12.5<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Advance payments can be made to the contractor on a running account bill form for the work done and measurements submitted by him, but not checked or work done but not measured, on receipt of an application from the contractor for financial aid in the shape of part payment. It can be paid by the Engineer-in-Charge as a lump-sum advance payment on Form CPWA 26, subject to the conditions given in SOP 5\/22.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Two triggers are therefore needed: an application from the contractor, and financial aid in the shape of part payment. Form CPWD 42 in option (b) is the record of agreements under Para 5.4.2.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 182,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"\\\"Secured advance\\\" is a term applied specifically to an advance made on the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"mobilization of the contractor\",\n      \"materials brought at the site of work\",\n      \"plant and machinery hired by the contractor\",\n      \"completed items of work not yet measured\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.10<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Secured advance is a term applied specifically to an advance made on the materials brought at site of work, to a contractor whose contract is for the completed item of work.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Two elements define it: the security is the material itself, and the contract must be for completed items. The para carves out an exception \u2014 \\\"<i>where stage payments are stipulated in certain contracts, like for E&M and other specialized works, such payments shall not be treated as secured advance.<\/i>\\\" Option (a) is the mobilization advance under Para 5.8, option (c) the Plant, Machinery and Shuttering Material Advance under Para 5.9, and option (d) the Para 5.12.5 advance on Form CPWA 26.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 183,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Acceptance of work below specifications, and payment at reduced rates, may be resorted to only where materials are not available, where it is structurally impossible to get the work re-done, or where it is expedient in the opinion of the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Junior Engineer\",\n      \"Engineer-in-Charge\",\n      \"Chief Engineer\/Superintending Engineer in charge\",\n      \"Notice Inviting Tender approving authority\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.13(2)<\/b> \u2014 such acceptance \\\"<i>should be resorted to only for those items where materials conforming to the required specifications are not available, or where it is structurally impossible to get the work re-done or where in opinion of CE \/SE in charge it is expedient to do so.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The bar is set high because <b>Para 5.13(1)<\/b> records that sub-standard works \\\"<i>reflect poorly on the professional competence of the field staff and adversely affect the image of the Department<\/i>\\\". Note that overall responsibility for quality rests with the Engineer-in-Charge under Para 5.6.4, but the discretion to accept below-specification work at reduced rates is reserved to CE\/SE.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 184,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For building and infrastructure works costing above Rs. 10 crore, the provisional completion certificate is required to be recorded by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Executive Engineer and Superintending Engineer or Chief Engineer\",\n      \"Executive Engineer only\",\n      \"Superintending Engineer only\",\n      \"Chief Engineer only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.17.1(i)<\/b> \u2014 for building and infrastructure works, \\\"<i>(a) Up to Rs.10 crore - EE (b) Above Rs.10 crore - EE and SE or CE<\/i>\\\".<br><br>For horticulture works under Para 5.17.1(iii) the thresholds are lower \u2014 up to Rs. 1 crore, DDH; above Rs. 1 crore, DDH and SE or CE. Part completion may be issued only for parts \\\"<i>completed in all respect and are ready for use<\/i>\\\", with statutory approvals obtained before handing over and the scope of the completed parts stated in the certificate. The defect liability period for a part so certified runs \\\"<i>from the date of handing over the date from which the building or infrastructure put in use<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 185,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The completion cum occupancy certificate, wherever required, is to be obtained from the local bodies within how long after the physical completion of the building?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 month\",\n      \"3 months\",\n      \"6 months\",\n      \"2 months\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.17.3(1)<\/b> \u2014 all concerned officials, the Engineer-in-Charge and the Senior Architect concerned, must \\\"<i>ensure that completion cum occupancy certificate, wherever required is obtained from local bodies with the help of concerned Architects\/ Consultant within 3 months after physical completion of the building. All the pre-requisite for applying completion cum occupancy certificate shall be kept ready in advance.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The Engineer-in-Charge must monitor this monthly and report difficulties to the higher office. The obligation is consistent with Para 3.1.1.7, under which Government buildings are exempt from municipal <i>approval<\/i> of drawings but not from the notice and certification requirements where they apply.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 186,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the time allowed for submission of the Performance Guarantee:\\n1. The time allowed may be decided by the Notice Inviting Tender approving authority, but not beyond seven days of issue of the letter of intent.\\n2. For an extension beyond the period stipulated in the Notice Inviting Tender, provision may be made for suitable interest chargeable on a per day basis.\\n3. Such an extension may not exceed a further period of thirty days.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.2(3)<\/b> supports statements 1 and 2 \u2014 the time \\\"<i>may be decided by NIT approving authority but not beyond 7 days of issue of the letter of intent depending upon the magnitude and\/or urgency of the work<\/i>\\\", and for an extension the authority \\\"<i>may include provision of suitable interest chargeable on per day basis<\/i>\\\".<br><br>Statement 3 misstates the outer limit: the same sub-para provides that \\\"<i>such extension should not exceed by another seven days<\/i>\\\", mirroring the original seven-day window rather than allowing a month. Where the last day of submission is a bank holiday, it shifts to the next working day.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 187,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Ad-hoc payment of what percentage of the eligible running account bill or due stage payment is required to be made to the contractor within 10 working days of the submission of the bill?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"50%\",\n      \"90%\",\n      \"75%\",\n      \"100%\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.18.1(B)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Ad-hoc payments amounting to 75% of the eligible running account bill\/due stage payment shall be made to the contractor within 10 working days of the submission of the bill.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The scrutiny for this ad-hoc payment is itself time-boxed: certification by both AE and JE, where available, \\\"<i>in total five working days, three working days by accounts branch and two working days by concerned Executive Engineer<\/i>\\\". Failure carries a consequence \u2014 where payment is not released within the 10 working days, \\\"<i>a written explanation for the delay shall be submitted to the next higher authority by the Executive Engineer within three working days<\/i>\\\". 90% in option (b) is the advance limit for supply of stores under Para 14.5.1.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 188,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The remaining payment, after final checking of the bill, is to be made maximum within how many working days of submission of the bill by the contractor?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"30 working days\",\n      \"10 working days\",\n      \"15 working days\",\n      \"28 working days\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.18.1(B)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The remaining payment is also to be made after final checking of the bill, maximum within 28 working days of submission of bill by the contractor.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The 10 working days in option (b) is the ad-hoc 75% stage, not the final one. For the <b>final bill<\/b> a further condition applies: it \\\"<i>shall be paid only after compliance of pre-requisite documents such as sanctioned copies of extra items and deviation in quantities, escalation statements, recovery statement, theoretical statement, final completion certificate, sanctioned final extension of time case, mandatory tests statement, dismantled materials account<\/i>\\\" and the other documents mentioned in clause 7A of the GCC.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 189,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Deduction of income tax at source from payments made to contractors is required under which section of the Income Tax Act, 1961?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Section 194C\",\n      \"Section 194A\",\n      \"Section 192\",\n      \"Section 44AD\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.18.4<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Under Section 194C of the Income Tax Act, 1961, deduction of income tax is required to be made at source by disbursing officers from payments made to contractors. The procedure is given in SOP 5\/28.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Section 194C is the payments-to-contractors provision, which is why the neighbouring sections in the options do not fit: 194A relates to interest other than on securities and 192 to salaries. A parallel statutory deduction operates under <b>Para 5.18.5<\/b>: \\\"<i>GST will be deducted from the payment made to the Contractor as per the GST Act and instructions issued from time to time.<\/i>\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 190,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The pre-arbitral and arbitration process is required to be conducted as per the arbitration clause in the contract and which Act?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the Indian Contract Act, 1872\",\n      \"the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996\",\n      \"the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947\",\n      \"the Specific Relief Act, 1963\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.21.1(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The pre-arbitral and arbitration process shall be as per provisions in arbitration clause in the contract and the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 or any amendment thereof. The arbitration clause shall come into existence on issuance of LOI.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The timing point is examinable \u2014 the clause is operative from the letter of intent, not from execution of the agreement. The same 1996 Act appears in <b>Para 2.13(1)(a)(iii)<\/b>, where payment of awards by Arbitrators under it is <i>not<\/i> treated as Charged expenditure. The Salient Features record that the Dispute Resolution Committee has been dispensed with and the conciliation and arbitration procedure modified.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 191,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For residual work forming part of the main project, the Executive Engineer or Superintending Engineer may decide the tenders if the amount of such residual work is up to what percentage of their respective power to accord Technical Sanction?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"15%\",\n      \"5%\",\n      \"10%\",\n      \"20%\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.20.1<\/b> \u2014 where the main work is complete and residual work forming part of the main project remains, \\\"<i>the tenders for such residual part need not be sent to the higher authorities, and may be decided by the EE or SE if the amount of such residual work is up to 10% of their power to accord Technical Sanction power respectively.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>A wider power sits above it in the same para: \\\"<i>CE\/SE or any other authority notified by the Directorate from time to time will have full powers to decide the tenders for residual part subject to the fact that the sanctioned amount is not exceeded.<\/i>\\\" The device saves the project from being reopened at a higher level for a small balance.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 192,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below:\\n\\nList-I\\nA. Validity of a Bank Guarantee submitted as Earnest Money where only financial bids are invited\\nB. Validity of a Bank Guarantee submitted as Earnest Money for the two\/three bid system\\nC. Return of earnest money of bidders unsuccessful during technical bid evaluation\\nD. Minimum validity of the Performance Guarantee beyond the date of completion of all contractual obligations\\n\\nList-II\\n1. 180 days\\n2. 30 days\\n3. Six months\\n4. 90 days\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3\",\n      \"A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3\",\n      \"A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2\",\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.1.3(3)<\/b> gives A and B \u2014 the Bank Guarantee including e-Bank Guarantee submitted as part of Earnest Money \\\"<i>shall be valid for a period of 90 days where only financial bids are invited and for a period of 180 days for two\/three bid system from the date of submission of the tender.<\/i>\\\"<br><br><b>Para 5.1.4(1)<\/b> gives C \u2014 in the two\/three bid system, earnest money of bidders unsuccessful during technical bid evaluation \\\"<i>should be returned within 30 days of declaration of result of technical bid evaluation.<\/i>\\\"<br><br><b>Para 5.2(2)<\/b> gives D \u2014 the PG \\\"<i>shall remain valid for a minimum period of six months beyond the date of completion of all contractual obligations as per GCC.<\/i>\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 193,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. Justification of tenders is to be prepared before the date of opening of the financial bids.\\n2. The letter for commencement of work is issued to the contractor only after he submits the performance guarantee in an acceptable form.\\n3. Once a contract is determined, there is no provision of revocation.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"All three are correct.<br><br><b>Para 5.1.6<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The justification should invariably be prepared before the date of opening of Financial Bids<\/i>\\\", based on market rates of material and labour prevailing at site on the last day of receipt of tenders.<br><br><b>Para 5.3(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The letter for commencement of work shall be issued to the contractor only after he\/she submits the performance guarantee in an acceptable form.<\/i>\\\"<br><br><b>Para 5.0(8)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Once the contract is determined, there is no provision of revocation.<\/i>\\\" The first rule exists so that the reasonability benchmark is fixed before prices are known; the third makes determination final and forecloses any request to restore the contract.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 194,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where earnest money is stipulated in a Notice Inviting Quotation, the quotation for the work or supply shall have validity for a period of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"3 to 7 days from the date of opening of quotations\",\n      \"7 to 14 days from the date of opening of quotations\",\n      \"15 days from the date of opening of quotations\",\n      \"30 days from the date of opening of quotations\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.1.5<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The quotation for the work\/supply shall have validity for a period 3 to 7 days (as decided by NIQ inviting authority) from the date of opening of quotations.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The same stipulation permits forfeiture of \\\"<i>50% of the earnest money if any quotationer withdraws his quotation during validity period or makes any modification in the terms and conditions ... not acceptable to the department<\/i>\\\", and absolute forfeiture if the successful quotationer fails to commence the work or supply in the prescribed time or abandons it before completion. The 30-day period in option (d) is the tender validity where only financial bids are invited, under Para 4.14.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 195,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In respect of a notice received from a contractor regarding hindrances or events under Clause 5.2 of the General Conditions of Contract, the Engineer-in-Charge is required to reply within:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"seven days of receipt of the notice\",\n      \"ten days of receipt of the notice\",\n      \"fourteen days of receipt of the notice\",\n      \"twenty-one days of receipt of the notice\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.15(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>the Engineer in Charge shall within 21 days of receipt of such notice, reply to the contractor and maintain record of the correspondence.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The period has been lengthened from the ten days allowed under the earlier edition, which is why option (b) is the sharpest trap for a candidate working from the older text. The record matters beyond the immediate exchange: the same paragraph provides that \\\"<i>All correspondences kept on record, shall be considered by the Competent Authority for the extension of time\/rescheduling of milestones<\/i>\\\", so the reply feeds directly into any later extension of time decision.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 196,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The powers delegated to various officers for the acceptance or approval of tenders are also applicable in the case of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"grant of mobilization advance\",\n      \"rejection of tenders\",\n      \"acceptance of arbitration awards\",\n      \"sanction of extra items\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.1.9(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The powers delegated to various officers of the department for acceptance\/approval of tender are given in 'Financial Powers delegated to CPWD Officers'. The same powers shall be applicable in case of rejection of tenders also.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The symmetry prevents a tender being rejected by an officer who could not have accepted it. The other options are governed by separate delegations: acceptance or challenge of arbitration awards under <b>Para 5.21.3<\/b>, sanction of extra items and deviations under <b>Para 5.11.1(1)<\/b>, and mobilization advance under Para 5.8, where the NIT approving authority decides whether the work is specialized or capital-intensive.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 197,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The justification of tenders is prepared based on the market rates of material and labour prevailing at the site of work on which day?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the date of opening of the financial bids\",\n      \"the date of issue of the letter of intent\",\n      \"the last day of receipt of tenders\",\n      \"the date of the pre-bid conference\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.1.6<\/b> \u2014 justification \\\"<i>shall be prepared by Engineer-in-Charge (with the assistance of concerned AE and \/or JE) of major component in association with EEs\/DDH ... of minor components based on market rates of material and labour prevailing at site of work on the last day of receipt of tenders. The justification should invariably be prepared before the date of opening of Financial Bids.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Two different dates are therefore in play and are easily confused: the <i>rates<\/i> are frozen as on the last day of receipt of tenders, while the <i>document<\/i> must exist before financial bids are opened, so that the benchmark cannot be shaped by the quoted prices.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 198,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the case of contracts where a supplementary agreement is drawn, a fresh Performance Guarantee is required to be obtained from the contractor at:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"2% of the amount of the supplementary agreement\",\n      \"5% of the original contract amount\",\n      \"10% of the amount of the supplementary agreement\",\n      \"5% of the amount of the supplementary agreement\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.2(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>In case of contracts where supplementary agreement is drawn, the fresh PG shall be obtained from the contractor @ 5% of the amount of the supplementary agreement or as prescribed from time to time. The PG received against the original work shall be released as per contract conditions.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The security therefore attaches to the residual work on its own value, and the original PG is not simply carried forward. Supplementary agreements arise under <b>Para 5.20(1)<\/b> where pre-requisites are not the contractor's responsibility, or where maintenance\/operation of equipment is to run for a specified period after completion of the construction or erection work.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 199,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The security deposit is required to be deducted from:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the running bill as well as the final bill, as per the provisions of the General Conditions of Contract\",\n      \"the earnest money only\",\n      \"the performance guarantee\",\n      \"the mobilization advance\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.5<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The security deposit shall be deducted from the running bill as well as final bill as per provisions of the GCC.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>It is thus built up progressively out of payments, unlike earnest money, which is furnished with the bid, and the performance guarantee, which is furnished on award. Under <b>Para 5.5.1<\/b> the security is taken in one of the forms given in the GCC, and under <b>Para 5.5.2<\/b> \\\"<i>No security deposit should be repaid or re-transferred to the depositor, or otherwise disposed off, except in accordance with the terms of the agreement<\/i>\\\", the depositor's acknowledgement being obtained in all cases of return.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 200,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"To enable the general public to obtain information about a work, the Engineer-in-Charge is required to display prominently, at a suitable location on the site, a:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"copy of the agreement\",\n      \"Quick Response coding facility\",\n      \"measurement book\",\n      \"list of debarred contractors\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.6.2(4)<\/b> \u2014 details of the work from the pre-construction stage to completion and handing over, including payments made, are maintained by the Engineer-in-Charge in physical or digital form, and \\\"<i>QR (Quick Response) coding facility shall be prominently displayed by the Engineer in Charge at a suitable location on site accessible to general public as per the directions issued by the Directorate from time to time.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The transparency obligation continues in <b>Para 5.6.2(5)<\/b>: \\\"<i>The T\/S Authority shall post on the CPWD website, the details of all the field officers engaged in the project and nodal officer to facilitate contact.<\/i>\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 201,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The provisions of deviation and extra items in a contract:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"may be extended to other works of the same contractor\",\n      \"may be extended to other works under the same division\",\n      \"must be utilized exclusively within the scope of the particular work and in no case extended to other works\",\n      \"may be utilized for any work with recorded reasons\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.11(c)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Provisions of deviation\/extra items in a contract must be utilized exclusively within the scope of particular work and in no case be extended to other works under any circumstances.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The prohibition is absolute, admitting of no recorded-reasons exception, which is what makes option (d) wrong. It is reinforced by <b>Para 5.11.1(2)<\/b>: \\\"<i>The deviation and extra items shall be utilized exclusively for the particular work.<\/i>\\\" The rationale is that deviation provisions are priced against a specific schedule of quantities and a specific Technical Sanction; migrating them elsewhere would amount to awarding new work without tender.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 202,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the event of minor variations in the items listed in the Schedule of Quantities arising from unavoidable circumstances, the provisions for \\\"extra for\\\" and \\\"less for\\\" may be utilised only where:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the contractor agrees in writing to forgo any claim for escalation\",\n      \"the variation does not exceed 10 per cent of the tendered amount\",\n      \"the Superintending Engineer accords prior approval in each case\",\n      \"the quality of work, materials, workmanship and structural safety remain uncompromised\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.11(a)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>In the event of minor variations in the items listed in the Schedule of Quantities under the agreement, arising from unavoidable circumstances, the provisions for 'extra for' and 'less for' may be utilised. Such provisions shall be operated only when the quality of work, materials, workmanship, and structural safety remain uncompromised.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The condition is qualitative, not financial, which is why option (b) is wrong. This device is confined to <i>minor<\/i> variations; a genuinely new item outside the schedule of quantities remains an extra item to be sanctioned under Para 5.11.1 and rated under clause 12 of the GCC.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 203,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"While preparing, examining and sanctioning extra items, casual remarks or reasons such as \\\"required as per site conditions\\\" or \\\"required at site\\\":\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"should not be recorded\",\n      \"are to be countersigned by the Superintending Engineer\",\n      \"must be recorded in the Measurement Book\",\n      \"are sufficient justification for the item\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.11.1(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The authorities examine and sanction extra items after ensuring proper preparation of nomenclature of item(s), rate analysis and specification(s) and record specific reasons to execute them. Casual remarks\/reasons like 'required as per site conditions' or 'required at site' etc. should not be recorded.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Three positive requirements therefore precede sanction \u2014 nomenclature, rate analysis and specifications \u2014 followed by specific reasons. Non-schedule extra items, that is items not available in the Delhi Schedule of Rates, are to be sanctioned as per the guidelines in SOP Nos. 3\/3 and 5\/33.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 204,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The abstract of the schedule of measurements and payments is required to be entered through which portal and module?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the Central Public Procurement Portal, using the e-tendering module\",\n      \"the Public Financial Management System portal, using the electronic Measurement Book module\",\n      \"the Government e-Market Place, using the procurement module\",\n      \"the Project Monitoring System, using the inspection module\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.12<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>All measurements are to be done as per provisions of GCC and abstract of schedule of measurements and payments are to be entered through PFMS portal of CPWD using E-MB module.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>PFMS is described in <b>Para 5.18.3<\/b> as \\\"<i>an integrated Financial Management System of Controller General of Accounts, Government of India<\/i>\\\", used for sanction preparation, bill processing, payment, receipt management, Direct Benefit Transfer, fund flow management and financial reporting, with payments released \\\"<i>just-in-time<\/i>\\\". The Project Monitoring System in option (d) hosts the online inspection register under Para 5.7(1), a different record.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 205,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the documentation of hindrances:\\n1. The requirement of maintaining and operating a physical Hindrance Register has been dispensed with for all works whose notices inviting quotations or tenders were uploaded on or after the 19th of February 2019.\\n2. Where a hindrance comes to the notice of the Junior Engineer or Assistant Engineer, he should at once write in the site order book and immediately report to the Engineer-in-Charge.\\n3. For ongoing works whose notice was uploaded before that date, the guidelines prescribed in the 2014 edition continue to be followed.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"All three are drawn from <b>Para 5.15<\/b>.<br><br>Sub-para (1) dispenses with the physical Hindrance Register for works notified on or after 19\/2\/2019 and requires the Junior Engineer or Assistant Engineer, on noticing a hindrance \\\"<i>whether on the part of department or contractor<\/i>\\\", to write at once in the site order book and report immediately to the Engineer-in-Charge, who \\\"<i>will make immediate efforts to get it removed.<\/i>\\\" Sub-para (2) preserves the Works Manual 2014 position for works notified before that date. The cut-off date is the hinge, and it attaches to the uploading of the notice, not to the award.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 206,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Items claimed by the contractor which, in the wisdom of the Engineer-in-Charge, are not admissible for payment are required to be recorded, for record purposes only, under which heading?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"\\\"Extra items claimed by the contractor\\\"\",\n      \"\\\"Deviation items pending sanction\\\"\",\n      \"\\\"Inadmissible items claimed but not included in the payment\\\"\",\n      \"\\\"Substandard work accepted at reduced rates\\\"\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.12.3<\/b> \u2014 such measurements \\\"<i>should be recorded without prejudice for record purposes only under heading 'Inadmissible items claimed but not included in the payment' so that in case it is subsequently decided to admit the contractor's claims in Conciliation\/Arbitration\/Court proceedings, there should be no difficulty in determining the quantities of such work done.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The purpose is evidentiary \u2014 quantities are captured contemporaneously while the site position can still be verified, without conceding liability. The words \\\"<i>without prejudice<\/i>\\\" preserve the department's position, and the heading itself makes clear that no payment is being made.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 207,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The requirement of maintaining and operating a physical Hindrance Register has been dispensed with for all works whose Notice Inviting Quotation or Notice Inviting Tender was uploaded on or after:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"19\/2\/2018\",\n      \"1\/4\/2019\",\n      \"1\/7\/2024\",\n      \"19\/2\/2019\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.15(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The requirement of maintaining and operating physical Hindrance Register has been dispensed with for all works whose NIQ\/NITs are uploaded on or after 19\/2\/2019.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The cut-off is significant because <b>Para 5.15(2)<\/b> preserves the earlier regime for older works: \\\"<i>For ongoing works\/ works whose NIQ\/ NIT was uploaded prior to 19\/02\/2019, existing guidelines of the Works Manual 2014 would be followed.<\/i>\\\" In place of the register, hindrances are recorded through the online module under Para 5.15(3), while the JE\/AE must \\\"<i>at once write in the site order book and immediately make a report to the Engineer-in-Charge<\/i>\\\" whenever a hindrance is noticed.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 208,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the online hindrance module for new works, the Junior Engineers\/Assistant Engineers give their comments on a hindrance within 7 days, after which the Executive Engineer has to take appropriate action within:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the next 7 days\",\n      \"the next 2 days\",\n      \"the next 15 days\",\n      \"the next 21 days\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.15(3)(ii)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Executive Engineer will first assign the work to the JEs\/AEs who will give their comments on the hindrance within 7 days. After that, Executive Engineer of the work will have to take appropriate action on the hindrance within next 7 days.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Both legs were extended to seven days in the 2026 edition. Visibility is asymmetric by design: \\\"<i>The comments of JEs\/AEs will not be visible to contractor, only the decision of Executive Engineer on the hindrance will be visible to contractor under 'Decision of the Engineer-in-Charge'.<\/i>\\\" The 21-day figure in option (d) is the reply period for a Clause 5.2 notice under Para 5.15(1).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 209,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"There shall be no part or provisional completion certificate, and only a final completion certificate is to be recorded, in the case of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"building works costing above Rs. 10 crore\",\n      \"standalone Electrical & Mechanical services and Maintenance works\",\n      \"horticulture works costing above Rs. 1 crore\",\n      \"infrastructure projects costing above Rs. 10 crore\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.17.1<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>There shall be no part completion certificate for standalone E&M services and Maintenance works. In such cases only final completion certificate is to be recorded.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Part completion exists to allow a completed and usable portion of a building or infrastructure project to be handed over early, which has no natural application to a services contract or a maintenance contract. The values in options (a), (c) and (d) are the thresholds that determine <i>who signs<\/i> a provisional completion certificate \u2014 EE up to Rs. 10 crore and EE with SE or CE above it for building and infrastructure works, DDH and SE or CE for horticulture works above Rs. 1 crore.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 210,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The bill is required to be prima facie scrutinized and certified for the ad-hoc payment of 75 per cent in a total of five working days, comprising:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"two working days by the accounts branch and three working days by the concerned Executive Engineer\",\n      \"four working days by the accounts branch and one working day by the concerned Executive Engineer\",\n      \"three working days by the accounts branch and two working days by the concerned Executive Engineer\",\n      \"five working days by the accounts branch only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.18.1(B)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The bill shall be prima facie scrutinized and certified for ad-hoc payment of 75% by both AE and JE (wherever available) in total five working days, three working days by accounts branch and two working days by concerned Executive Engineer.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The five working days sit inside the outer limit of 10 working days for release of the ad-hoc payment. Option (a) is the exact reversal of the split. Where the 10 working days are missed, the payment is to be made as soon as possible and a written explanation submitted by the Executive Engineer to the next higher authority within three working days.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 211,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A Supplementary Agreement is drawn where it is not desirable to keep the complete contract open for minor items, on account of certain pre-requisites not being the responsibility of the contractor, or on account of the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"pendency of arbitration proceedings before the arbitrator\",\n      \"escalation in the cost of cement and steel during execution\",\n      \"delay in the payment of running account bills to the contractor\",\n      \"execution of maintenance or operation of equipment and installations for a specified period after completion of the construction or erection work\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.20(1)<\/b> \u2014 a Supplementary Agreement is drawn where it is not desirable to keep the complete contract open for minor items \\\"<i>execution of which is not immediately possible on account of: (i) Certain pre-requisite(s) which is(are) not the responsibility of the contractor, or (ii) Execution of maintenance\/operation of equipment and installations for a specified period after completion of the construction\/erection work.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>This dovetails with <b>Para 3.1.3(6)<\/b>, under which the construction completion is recorded, the main agreement closed, and maintenance\/operation carried through a supplementary agreement. The authority competent to accept the tender orders provisional closure and the drawing up of the supplementary agreement.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 212,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The provision of a mobilization advance may be kept in the tender documents by the Notice Inviting Tender approving authorities in respect of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"specialized and capital-intensive works\",\n      \"maintenance and repair works only\",\n      \"all works, irrespective of their nature\",\n      \"petty works costing up to Rs. 25,000\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.8(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>In respect of specialized and capital-intensive works, provision of mobilization advance may be kept in the tender documents by the NIT approving authorities.<\/i>\\\"<br><br><b>Para 5.8(2)<\/b> places the characterisation squarely on that authority \u2014 he \\\"<i>should use his\/her discretion carefully in deciding whether any particular work shall be considered as specialized or capital intensive one<\/i>\\\", and \\\"<i>Applicability or otherwise of relevant clause of GCC shall be clearly indicated in Schedule 'F', while finalizing NIT<\/i>\\\". A narrower test governs the Plant, Machinery and Shuttering Material Advance under Para 5.9, which is limited to capital-intensive works alone.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 213,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"When tenders are also open to foreign bidders, the Notice Inviting Tender approving authority amends the arbitration clause to provide for international commercial arbitration after obtaining advice from the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Ministry of Finance\",\n      \"Ministry of Law and Justice\",\n      \"Ministry of External Affairs\",\n      \"Central Vigilance Commission\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.21.2<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>When tenders are also open to foreign bidders, the NIT approving authority shall take due care to amend the arbitration clause to have an alternative provision for international commercial arbitration to be made part of NIT by reference as an amendment to the General Conditions of the Contract, after obtaining advice from the Ministry of Law and Justice.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Note the mechanism: the alternative provision is incorporated \\\"<i>by reference as an amendment<\/i>\\\" to the GCC rather than by rewriting the standard clause. Foreign participation itself is constrained by <b>Para 4.5.4<\/b>, under which no Global Tender Enquiry is to be invited for tenders up to Rs. 200 crore.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 214,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following statements regarding the sanction of deviated and extra items are correct?\\n1. The approving authorities are required to sanction such items within the time limit prescribed in the General Conditions of Contract.\\n2. The Engineer-in-Charge is allowed thirty days, and each higher authority a further seven days, for according such sanction.\\n3. Where the contractor submits no claim within the specified period, the Engineer-in-Charge should proceed to initiate the extra or deviation items, notifying the contractor that no claim will be entertained later.\\n4. For minor variations in quantity arising from unavoidable circumstances, an \\\"extra for\\\" or \\\"less for\\\" provision may be used.\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Only two\",\n      \"Only three\",\n      \"All four\",\n      \"Only one\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.11<\/b> supports statements 1, 3 and 4.<br><br>Statement 2 states the position under the earlier edition, which prescribed thirty days for the Engineer-in-Charge and seven days for each higher authority; those figures have been withdrawn and the timeline is now referred wholly to the General Conditions of Contract, so quoting the old numbers is the error the item is built around. Three statements are therefore correct. Tying the period to the contract rather than to the Manual keeps the departmental deadline and the contractual one from diverging.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 215,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following statements about earnest money and the performance guarantee is NOT correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"The Performance Guarantee shall be 5% of the estimated cost put to tender or the contract amount, whichever is higher\",\n      \"For works costing up to Rs. ten crore, the Earnest Money is 2% of the estimated cost\",\n      \"The earnest money of the lowest bidder is refunded immediately after the opening of the financial bids\",\n      \"The Performance Guarantee shall remain valid for a minimum of six months beyond the date of completion of all contractual obligations\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"The incorrect statement is the third.<br><br><b>Para 5.1.4(1)<\/b> provides that earnest money \\\"<i>given by all the bidders <b>except the lowest bidder<\/b> should be refunded immediately after the expiry of stipulated bid validity period or immediately after acceptance of the successful bidder, whichever is earlier<\/i>\\\", and <b>Para 5.1.4(2)<\/b> adds that \\\"<i>Earnest money shall be refunded on receipt of Performance Guarantee submitted on award of work<\/i>\\\" \u2014 so the L1 bidder's EMD is held until the PG arrives. The other three statements reproduce Paras 5.2(2), 5.1.2(1) and 5.2(2) respectively. In the two\/three bid system, EMD of bidders unsuccessful at the technical stage is returned within 30 days.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 216,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the payment of bills:\\n1. Ad-hoc payment of 75% of the eligible running account bill is to be made within 10 working days of submission of the bill.\\n2. The remaining payment, after final checking, is to be made maximum within 28 working days of submission of the bill.\\n3. All payments, to the extent possible, are to be released on a \\\"just-in-time\\\" basis through the Public Financial Management System.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"All three are correct.<br><br><b>Para 5.18.1(B)<\/b> supports statements 1 and 2 \u2014 ad-hoc payments of 75% \\\"<i>within 10 working days of the submission of the bill<\/i>\\\" and the remaining payment \\\"<i>maximum within 28 working days of submission of bill by the contractor<\/i>\\\".<br><br><b>Para 5.18.3<\/b> supports statement 3 \u2014 \\\"<i>All payments, to the extent possible, shall be released 'just-in-time' through PFMS.<\/i>\\\" A fourth discipline in the same set is often missed: under <b>Para 5.18.1(A)<\/b>, \\\"<i>In no case, payment should be made for the works not executed by CPWD<\/i>\\\". Authorities empowered to prepare, examine or verify and pass bills are listed in Annexure-10 of SOP.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 217,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A bid is to be treated as abnormally low if the quoted bid amount is lesser than what percentage of the estimated cost put to tender?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"80%\",\n      \"85%\",\n      \"75%\",\n      \"90%\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.2(4)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>A bid will be treated as abnormally low if the quoted bid amount is lesser than 80% of the estimated cost put to tender.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The classification is purely arithmetical and needs no separate finding of unreasonableness. Its consequence follows in <b>Para 5.2(5)<\/b>: such a bidder must furnish an Additional Performance Guarantee over and above the standard PG, equal to the difference between 80% of the ECPT and the quoted amount. The 75% in option (c) is the ad-hoc running-account payment under Para 5.18.1(B), and 90% in option (d) the advance payment limit for supply of stores under Para 14.5.1.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 218,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where a bid is abnormally low, the amount of the Additional Performance Guarantee to be submitted, in addition to the standard Performance Guarantee, shall be equivalent to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"5 per cent of the quoted amount\",\n      \"the difference between 80 per cent of the estimated cost put to tender and the quoted amount\",\n      \"the difference between the estimated cost put to tender and the quoted amount\",\n      \"10 per cent of the estimated cost put to tender\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.2(5)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The amount of Additional Performance Guarantee (APG) shall be equivalent to the difference between the 80% amount of ECPT and quoted amount. (e.g. if ECPT is A and quoted amount is 0.7A then the amount of APG shall be 0.8A - 0.7A).<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The worked example makes clear that the APG rises as the bid falls further below the 80% line, so that the department's security tracks the extent of under-quoting. Option (c) overstates the base by using the full ECPT instead of 80% of it. The APG is in <i>addition<\/i> to the standard PG of 5% of ECPT or contract amount, whichever is higher.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 219,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"With reference to the Additional Performance Guarantee, which one of the following is correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"It is to be submitted within thirty days of the date of start of the work\",\n      \"It is to be furnished in the form of a fixed deposit receipt only\",\n      \"It has to be submitted within the time frame prescribed for submission of the Performance Guarantee, and its terms of release are the same as those of the Performance Guarantee\",\n      \"It is released immediately on recording of the provisional completion certificate\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.2(5)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Additional Performance Guarantee (APG) shall be in the prescribed format of Performance Guarantee and has to be submitted within the time frame prescribed for submission of Performance Guarantee. The other terms and conditions of release etc. of APG shall be same as that of PG.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The APG therefore inherits the whole PG regime \u2014 the format prescribed in the GCC, the outer limit of 7 days from issue of the letter of intent under Para 5.2(3), the possibility of an extension of not more than another seven days with interest, and validity for a minimum of six months beyond completion of all contractual obligations.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 220,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"An Earnest Money Deposit made or issued from an account other than that of the bidder submitting the bid:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"may be accepted if supported by an affidavit from the account holder\",\n      \"may be accepted where the account holder is an associated contractor under a Memorandum of Understanding\",\n      \"may be accepted with the approval of the Notice Inviting Tender approving authority\",\n      \"shall not be accepted\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.1.1<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>EMD shall be made \/ issued only from the account of the bidder \/ tenderer submitting the bid\/tender. EMD made\/ issued from the account other than that of the bidder\/ tenderer submitting the bid, shall not be accepted.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The rule admits of no exception, which disposes of options (a) to (c). Its purpose is to defeat financing of bids by third parties and cartel behaviour, and it complements the underlying object of earnest money stated in the same para \u2014 \\\"<i>To safeguard against a bidder withdrawing or altering his\/her bid during the bid validity period<\/i>\\\". Violation of the EMD declaration attracts suspension from bidding under Para 4.20.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 221,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Withdrawal of a tender by the tenderer is required to be made:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"only through the e-tender portal\",\n      \"by a letter addressed to the Notice Inviting Tender approving authority\",\n      \"by e-mail to the Executive Engineer with a copy to the accounts branch\",\n      \"either through the e-tender portal or by a written communication to the Engineer-in-Charge\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.1.7(1)(iii)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Withdrawal of the tender, by the tenderer, shall only be made through e-tender portal. Any other method i.e. through letter \/ e-mail etc. shall not be considered. The tender inviting authority gets intimation through SMS and email in this regard.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The rule fixes an auditable time-stamp, which matters because the consequence turns on timing \u2014 50% forfeiture of earnest money if withdrawal is within 7 days after the last date and time of submission, and 100% thereafter, in each case \\\"<i>irrespective of letter of acceptance for the work is issued or not<\/i>\\\", followed by exclusion from the re-tendering process.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 222,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where an original work has been rescinded and tenders are invited for the balance work, the approval required prior to the call of tenders is the in-principle approval of the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Central Works Board\",\n      \"Technical Sanctioning Authority of the original work\",\n      \"user department that accorded the Administrative Approval\",\n      \"Additional Director General of the Region\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.1.9(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>In cases where the original work has been rescinded and tenders are invited for the balance work, in principle approval of the Technical Sanctioning Authority of the original work shall be obtained prior to the call of tenders. The Technical Sanction, Notice Inviting Tender (NIT), and acceptance of tender for the balance work shall be approved by the authority competent to sanction such balance work, in accordance with the delegation of financial powers.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The provision separates two questions: the decision to go out to tender again is referred back to the original T\/S authority, while the sanctioning of the balance work follows the ordinary delegation based on its own value.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 223,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where the time for submission of the Performance Guarantee is extended beyond the period stipulated in the Notice Inviting Tender, the Notice Inviting Tender approving authorities may include a provision of suitable interest chargeable on a per day basis, but such extension should not exceed:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"another three days\",\n      \"another fourteen days\",\n      \"another seven days\",\n      \"another twenty-one days\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.2(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>For extension of time for submission of PG beyond stipulated time period in NIT, the NIT approving authorities may include provision of suitable interest chargeable on per day basis but such extension should not exceed by another seven days. However, in case last day of submission of PG happens to be a bank holiday the last day of submission shall be the next working day.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The outer limit is therefore 7 days from issue of the letter of intent plus at most 7 more. Failure beyond that engages <b>Para 5.1.7(2)<\/b>, under which earnest money \\\"<i>is absolutely forfeited to the President automatically without any notice<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 224,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:\\nList-I (Requirement)\\nA. Earnest money accompanying a bid\\nB. Withdrawal of a bid after its submission\\nC. Reply by the Engineer-in-Charge to a contractor's notice of hindrance\\nList-II (Rule)\\n1. Permissible only through the e-tender portal\\n2. To be issued within twenty-one days of receipt of the notice\\n3. To be issued only from the bidder's own account\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-2\",\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-3\",\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2\",\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.1.1<\/b> requires that the earnest money be furnished from the bidder's own account, closing off the practice of a third party funding the deposit and thereby masking who is really bidding, which gives A-3.<br><br><b>Para 5.1.7(1)(iii)<\/b> confines withdrawal to the e-tender portal, so that the act is timestamped and auditable, giving B-1.<br><br><b>Para 5.15(1)<\/b> fixes twenty-one days for the reply to a Clause 5.2 notice, giving C-2. All three are provisions introduced or tightened in the current edition.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 225,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where stage payments are stipulated in certain contracts, such as those for Electrical & Mechanical and other specialized works, such payments:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"are to be treated as secured advance and recovered accordingly\",\n      \"are to be treated as mobilization advance against a bank guarantee\",\n      \"are to be treated as advance payments on Form CPWA 26\",\n      \"shall not be treated as secured advance\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.10<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Secured advance is a term applied specifically to an advance made on the materials brought at site of work, to a contractor whose contract is for the completed item of work. However, where stage payments are stipulated in certain contracts, like for E&M and other specialized works, such payments shall not be treated as secured advance.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The distinction is real in effect: a secured advance is recoverable against materials later consumed in the work, whereas a stage payment is a payment for a defined stage achieved. Conditions for the grant of secured advance are in SOP 5\/19, and for the mobilization advance in SOP 5\/17.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 226,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"An amount withheld on account of non-achievement of a milestone may be released by the Engineer-in-Charge against:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"a Bank Guarantee or Fixed Deposit Receipt of an equivalent amount valid up to the stipulated date of completion, issued by a commercial Bank\",\n      \"an undertaking from the contractor to complete the milestone within the extended period\",\n      \"an increase in the security deposit recovered from subsequent running bills\",\n      \"a fresh Performance Guarantee for the full contract amount\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.16<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Engineer-in- Charge may release withheld amount on account of non achievement of milestone(s) against Bank Guarantee\/FDR of an equivalent amount valid upto stipulated date of completion (to be extended further, if required) issued by a commercial Bank.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The department's position is thus preserved in a liquid form while the contractor's cash flow is restored. The Salient Features record this as \\\"<i>Provision for release of withheld amount on account of milestones made against submission of FDR\/BG.<\/i>\\\" Such instruments are monitored under <b>Para 5.5.3<\/b>, which requires effective monitoring of Bank Guarantees, including e-Bank Guarantees, as per SOP 5\/34.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 227,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"\\\"Completion \/ As Built\\\" drawings of services are not to be considered valid unless they carry a unique identifier and are uploaded and transmitted on the ERP Collaboration Tool. That unique identifier is the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Central Public Procurement Portal bid reference number\",\n      \"ERP Drawing\/Document Number\",\n      \"Public Financial Management System sanction number\",\n      \"Project Monitoring System registration number\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.17.3(3)<\/b> \u2014 all such drawings \\\"<i>shall have a unique ERP generated identifier number (called the ERP Drawing\/Document Number or EDN) through the Collaboration Tool of CPWD ERP as per SOP issued by the ERP Unit<\/i>\\\", written, stamped or embedded clearly on the drawing by the approving authority, and uploaded in pdf format only. The sanction is express: \\\"<i>The 'Completion \/As Built' drawings of services shall not be considered valid without EDN and without uploading and transmittal on ERP Collaboration Tool (whether prepared in-house or through consultants).<\/i>\\\"<br><br><b>Para 8.12<\/b> applies the identical requirement to \\\"<i>Good for Construction<\/i>\\\" drawings, designs and documents.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 228,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where the ad-hoc payment has not been released within the prescribed 10 working days, a written explanation for the delay is required to be submitted to the next higher authority by the Executive Engineer within:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"seven working days\",\n      \"five working days\",\n      \"three working days\",\n      \"ten working days\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.18.1(B)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>In case the payment has not been released within 10 working days as prescribed above, it shall be made as soon as possible and after payment a written explanation for the delay shall be submitted to the next higher authority by the Executive Engineer within three working days.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Note the sequence: the payment is not to await the explanation; the explanation follows the payment. The provision converts the 10-working-day norm from an aspiration into an accountable standard, and sits alongside the internal five-working-day split of three days for the accounts branch and two for the Executive Engineer.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 229,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Whenever the Earnest Money Deposit, Security Deposit or Performance Guarantee is forfeited, or any other fine is imposed on the contractor, the procedure for accounting of the forfeited amount or fine is laid down in:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the CPW Accounts Code, Chapter on Suspense\",\n      \"the General Financial Rules, 2017, Rule 172\",\n      \"Annexure 11A of the Standard Operating Procedure\",\n      \"Annexure 66A of the Standard Operating Procedure\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.24<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Whenever Earnest Money Deposit (EMD), Security Deposit (SD), or Performance Guarantee (PG) is forfeited, or any other fine is imposed on the contractor for any reason, the procedure for accounting of the forfeited EMD, SD, PG, or fine shall be in accordance with the provisions laid down in Annexure 11A of the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP).<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Annexure 66A in option (d) is a different document altogether \u2014 it carries the \\\"<i>Financial Powers Delegated to CPWD Officers<\/i>\\\", including at Sl. No. 15 the annual limit for award of work orders and at Sl. No. 19 the powers for fixing reserve price for sale of dismantled materials.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 230,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where no claim for an extra or deviation item is submitted by the contractor within the period specified in the General Conditions of Contract, the Engineer-in-Charge is required to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"initiate the extra or deviation items himself, intimating the contractor that no claim in this regard shall be entertained later on\",\n      \"await a formal claim, since the item cannot be sanctioned without one\",\n      \"refer the matter to the Superintending Engineer for a decision on admissibility\",\n      \"record the item in the Measurement Book under \\\"Inadmissible items claimed but not included in the payment\\\"\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.11<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>In case, no claim is submitted by the contractor within the specified period as per GCC, the Engineer-in-Charge should initiate extra\/deviation items intimating the contractor that no claim in this regard shall be entertained later on.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The provision prevents work already executed from remaining unsanctioned merely because the contractor has not claimed, while simultaneously closing the door on a belated claim. Option (d) describes a different situation entirely \u2014 under Para 5.12.3 that heading is used for items the contractor <i>has<\/i> claimed but which the Engineer-in-Charge considers inadmissible for payment, recorded without prejudice for record purposes only.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 231,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The details of all field officers engaged in a project, and of the nodal officer, are required to be posted on the Central Public Works Department website by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Executive Engineer of the Division\",\n      \"Technical Sanction Authority\",\n      \"Additional Director General of the Region\",\n      \"Chief Engineer of the Zone\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.6.2(5)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The T\/S Authority shall post on the CPWD website, the details of all the field officers engaged in the project and nodal officer to facilitate contact.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The duty complements the site-level transparency measure in Para 5.6.2(4), under which the Engineer-in-Charge displays a QR coding facility at a location accessible to the general public giving details of the work from pre-construction to handing over, including payments made. It is also consistent with the T\/S Authority's coordinating role generally \u2014 pre-construction activities under Para 3.1, and coordination at construction stage under Para 5.6.3 as per SOP 5\/9.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 232,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The estimated cost put to tender of a work is Rs. 35 crore. The earnest money to be deposited by a bidder works out to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 70 lakh\",\n      \"Rs. 55 lakh\",\n      \"Rs. 45 lakh\",\n      \"Rs. 35 lakh\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.1.2(2)<\/b> \u2014 for works estimated to cost more than Rs. ten crore the earnest money is \\\"<i>Rs. Twenty lakhs plus 1% (one percent) of the estimated cost put to tender in excess of Rs. ten crore<\/i>\\\". The excess is Rs. 25 crore, one per cent of which is Rs. 25 lakh, so the earnest money is Rs. 45 lakh.<br><br>Rs. 55 lakh is the intended trap \u2014 it takes one per cent of the whole Rs. 35 crore instead of the excess over Rs. 10 crore. Rs. 70 lakh applies the flat 2% rate, which sub-para (1) confines to works costing up to Rs. ten crore.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 233,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The estimated cost put to tender of a work is Rs. 12 crore. The tender of the lowest bidder, at 15% below, is accepted at Rs. 10.20 crore. The Performance Guarantee to be obtained from him is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 60 lakh\",\n      \"Rs. 51 lakh\",\n      \"Rs. 1.11 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 55.50 lakh\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.2(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>PG shall be 5% of the Estimated Cost put to tender (ECPT) or contract amount whichever is higher<\/i>\\\". Five per cent of the ECPT is Rs. 60 lakh and five per cent of the contract amount is Rs. 51 lakh, so the higher figure of Rs. 60 lakh governs.<br><br>Rs. 51 lakh is the answer under the superseded edition, which pegged the guarantee to the contract amount alone; it is the trap for anyone revising from older material. The practical effect of the change is that a steeply underquoted bid no longer carries a correspondingly reduced guarantee. The guarantee must remain valid for a minimum of six months beyond completion of all contractual obligations.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 234,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The estimated cost put to tender of a work is Rs. 25 crore and the lowest bid received is Rs. 18 crore. The Additional Performance Guarantee to be furnished by that bidder amounts to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 7.00 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 1.25 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 2.00 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 3.25 crore\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.2(4)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>A bid will be treated as abnormally low if the quoted bid amount is lesser than 80% of the estimated cost put to tender.<\/i>\\\" Eighty per cent of Rs. 25 crore is Rs. 20 crore, and the bid of Rs. 18 crore falls below it.<br><br>Under <b>Para 5.2(5)<\/b> the Additional Performance Guarantee is \\\"<i>equivalent to the difference between the 80% amount<\/i>\\\" and the quoted amount, that is Rs. 20 crore less Rs. 18 crore, or Rs. 2 crore. Rs. 1.25 crore is the ordinary Performance Guarantee at 5% of the ECPT, which is additionally payable; Rs. 3.25 crore adds the two, and Rs. 7 crore takes the difference from the full ECPT.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 235,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The estimated cost put to tender of a work is Rs. 40 crore. Bids are received at Rs. 33.60 crore, Rs. 32.00 crore, Rs. 31.20 crore and Rs. 30.40 crore. How many of these are to be treated as abnormally low bids?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Only one\",\n      \"Only two\",\n      \"Only three\",\n      \"All four\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.2(4)<\/b> \u2014 a bid is abnormally low \\\"<i>if the quoted bid amount is lesser than 80% of the estimated cost put to tender<\/i>\\\". Eighty per cent of Rs. 40 crore is Rs. 32 crore, so only Rs. 31.20 crore and Rs. 30.40 crore qualify.<br><br>The bid of exactly Rs. 32.00 crore is the discriminator. The test is \\\"<i>lesser than<\/i>\\\" the threshold, not equal to or below it, so a bid landing precisely on 80% is not abnormally low and attracts no Additional Performance Guarantee. Each of the two abnormally low bidders must furnish an APG equal to the shortfall against Rs. 32 crore, over and above the ordinary Performance Guarantee.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 236,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 5: Contract Management\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A tenderer who has furnished earnest money of Rs. 30 lakh withdraws his tender on the fourth day after the last date and time of submission of bids. No letter of acceptance has yet been issued. The amount liable to be forfeited is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 30 lakh\",\n      \"nil, no letter of acceptance having been issued\",\n      \"Rs. 7.50 lakh\",\n      \"Rs. 15 lakh\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.1.7(1)(i)<\/b> \u2014 on withdrawal \\\"<i>within 7 days after last date and time (24 hours basis)of submission of bids<\/i>\\\", the Government may \\\"<i>forfeit 50% of earnest money absolutely irrespective of letter of acceptance for the work is issued or not<\/i>\\\". Half of Rs. 30 lakh is Rs. 15 lakh.<br><br>The closing words dispose of the second option: forfeiture does not wait on the acceptance letter. Full forfeiture under sub-para (ii) would have followed had the withdrawal come after the seventh day. In either case sub-para (3) bars the bidder from participating in the re-tendering process for that work.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 237,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 6: Stores\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"With regard to the purchase of stores in Central Public Works Department works, which one of the following is correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Stores are purchased only by the Director General\",\n      \"Purchase of stores is mandatory for every work\",\n      \"Stipulation of material in contracts has been stopped, so the need for purchase of stores does not ordinarily arise\",\n      \"Stores must be purchased only through the Government e-Market Place\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.0<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Stipulation of material in contracts has since been stopped in CPWD works. Therefore the need of purchase of stores does not arise.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The chapter is accordingly reduced to a single provision dealing with the exceptional case. Option (d) overstates a real but differently-scoped rule: under <b>Para 14.1<\/b>, procurement through GeM \\\"<i>will be mandatory for Goods or Services available on GeM<\/i>\\\" \u2014 that is, mandatory as a <i>channel<\/i> where the item exists on the portal, not as the only lawful route for every store. Form 9 for supply of materials under Para 1.1(3) survives for the residual cases.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 238,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 6: Stores\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In exceptional circumstances requiring purchase of stores for stipulation in a contract, guidance may be taken from which document issued by the Ministry of Finance?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules\",\n      \"the General Financial Rules, 2017 only\",\n      \"the CPW Accounts Code\",\n      \"the Manual for Procurement of Goods and Services\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.0<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>in case of exceptional circumstances which may require purchase of stores for stipulation in the contract then 'Manual for Procurement of Goods and Services' issued by the Ministry of Finance can be referred... The document is available on website of Ministry of Finance 'www.finmin.nic.in' (Department of Expenditure).<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The financial powers for procurement of goods and services from the open market through tenders are separately given in the \\\"<i>Financial Powers delegated to CPWD Officers<\/i>\\\". On the maintenance side, <b>Para 14.0<\/b> refers to the companion document \\\"<i>Manual for Procurement of Goods 2022<\/i>\\\" for departmental maintenance works and contingent items.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 239,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 6: Stores\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where purchase of stores is required for stipulation in a contract in exceptional circumstances, the eligibility criterion and the terms and conditions for purchase of material may be decided by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Technical Sanction Authority\",\n      \"Engineer-in-Charge\",\n      \"Director General only\",\n      \"Ministry of Finance\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 6.0<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The T\/S Authority may decide the eligibility criterion & terms and conditions for purchase of material by taking guidance from this document.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The Ministry of Finance in option (d) supplies the guidance document but takes no decision in the individual case. Note the contrast with the maintenance side: under <b>Para 14.0<\/b> it is again the T\/S authority who decides eligibility criteria and terms for departmental maintenance works and contingent items, whereas under <b>Para 14.2<\/b> \\\"<i>The Engineer-in-Charge may decide the eligibility criterion and terms and conditions for purchase of material<\/i>\\\" through tender or quotation \u2014 option (b) belongs there.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 240,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 7: Quality Assurance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Chief Technical Examiner's Organization is the technical wing of the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\",\n      \"Central Vigilance Commission\",\n      \"Comptroller and Auditor General\",\n      \"Central Public Works Department Directorate\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 7.1.1<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Chief Technical Examiner's Organization is the technical wing of the Central Vigilance Commission. The Chief Technical Examiner's Organization conducts inspections of works of CPWD from the vigilance angle on its own or on a complaint being received by\/referred to them.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Its perspective is therefore vigilance, not engineering audit \u2014 which distinguishes it from the departmental Quality Assurance and Technical Audit Wing under Para 7.2 and from the external audit by the CAG Office under Para 2.27.2. The distinction explains why, under Para 7.1.2(3), CTE observations are conveyed to the contractor as the Engineer-in-Charge's own.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 241,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 7: Quality Assurance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Chief Technical Examiner's Organization conducts inspections of Central Public Works Department works:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"only on receipt of a court order\",\n      \"only of works costing above Rs. 20 crore\",\n      \"of works of any magnitude, both in respect of original and repair works\",\n      \"only of original construction works\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 7.1.1<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The inspections can be carried out by them for works of any magnitude, both in respect of original and repair works.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>There is deliberately no monetary floor, because the trigger is the vigilance angle rather than the value of the work. The Rs. 20 crore figure in option (b) is the threshold for engaging a <b>Third Party Quality Assurance<\/b> agency for budgeted works under Para 7.2.1(3), an unrelated provision that examiners frequently transplant here. Quarterly returns of works in progress are submitted to the CTE after consolidation at the regional level under Para 7.1.2(1).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 242,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 7: Quality Assurance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For budgeted works, the engagement of a Third Party Quality Assurance agency is to be done for works costing above:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 50 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 10 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 100 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 20 crore\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 7.2.1(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>For budgeted works, engagement of TPQA agency will be done for the works above Rs 20 crore or as per the directions issued from time to time by the CPWD Directorate.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The Salient Features add that the \\\"<i>Limit for engaging TPQA to be as per directions issued from time to time by the CPWD Directorate<\/i>\\\" and that the earlier system of a quality assurance team at circle level has been dispensed with. For Deposit works the position is contractual rather than threshold-based \u2014 \\\"<i>TPQA provisions will be made as per MOU<\/i>\\\". Deploying a TPQA does not dilute responsibility: under Para 5.6.4 the Engineer-in-Charge remains responsible for overall quality.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 243,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 7: Quality Assurance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the Chief Technical Examiner's Organization:\\n1. It is the technical wing of the Central Vigilance Commission.\\n2. It conducts inspections from the vigilance angle on its own, or on a complaint being received by or referred to it.\\n3. Its inspections are confined to original works costing above Rs. 20 crore.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 7.1.1<\/b> \u2014 the Organization \\\"<i>is the technical wing of the Central Vigilance Commission<\/i>\\\" and \\\"<i>conducts inspections of works of CPWD from the vigilance angle on its own or on a complaint being received by\/referred to them.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Statement 3 contradicts the very next sentence: \\\"<i>The inspections can be carried out by them for works of any magnitude, both in respect of original and repair works.<\/i>\\\" There is no cost floor and no restriction to original works. The Rs. 20 crore figure belongs to <b>Para 7.2.1(3)<\/b>, which governs engagement of a Third Party Quality Assurance agency for budgeted works.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 244,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 7: Quality Assurance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Notice Inviting Tender approving authority has to ensure, through contract conditions, that which concept is in-built in the work delivery system?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Total Quality Management\",\n      \"Just-in-Time delivery\",\n      \"Third Party Quality Assurance\",\n      \"Value Engineering\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 7.2.1(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The NIT Approving Authority has to ensure through contract conditions that the Concept of Total Quality Management (TQM) is in-built in the work delivery system for which everyone shares well defined responsibilities.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The pre-requisites are set out in Para 7.2.1(1): an in-built provision in the contract for continuous checking of quality by field staff and the contractor, an adequately manned and equipped agency for overseeing quality, periodical appraisal and a feedback system. Option (b) is drawn from a different context \u2014 under Para 5.18.3 payments are released \\\"<i>just-in-time<\/i>\\\" through PFMS.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 245,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 7: Quality Assurance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"While corresponding with the contractor, the Engineer-in-Charge, with regard to inspections of the Chief Technical Examiner's Organization, is required to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"await instructions from the Central Vigilance Commission before issuing any observation\",\n      \"issue the inspection paras to the contractor as his own observations, without quoting or referring to such inspections\",\n      \"quote the inspection paras verbatim to the contractor\",\n      \"forward the inspection report directly to the contractor\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 7.1.2(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>While making correspondence with the contractor, Engineer-in-Charge shall not quote\/give reference of CTE's inspections. The Engineer-in-Charge shall accompany CTE\/representatives of CTE during inspections and issue inspection paras of the CTE to the contractor as his own observations.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Two duties therefore run together: attendance at the inspection, and issue of the paras in the department's own name. The reason is that the CTE examines from the vigilance angle, and the contractual relationship must remain between the department and the contractor. Monitoring and priority settlement of CTE paras is required of the EIC\/SE\/CE\/ADG\/SDG under Para 7.1.2(2).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 246,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 7: Quality Assurance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The return of works in progress required to be submitted to the Chief Technical Examiner is a:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"monthly return\",\n      \"annual return\",\n      \"quarterly return\",\n      \"half-yearly return\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 7.1.2(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Quarterly return of the works in progress, as per CTE's circulars from time to time are required to be submitted to CTE after consolidation at the regional level or as notified by the Directorate from time to time. Details are given in SOP 7\/1.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The point about <i>consolidation at the regional level<\/i> is often overlooked: the return does not travel division by division. The other periodicities in the options belong elsewhere in the Manual \u2014 monthly for the Zonal\/Circle Audit Committee and for reconciliation of accounts, half-yearly for the Central Audit Committee, and annual for the Form No. 8 statement of excesses and savings.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 247,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 7: Quality Assurance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"All of the following are correct with regard to the returns and correspondence relating to inspections from the vigilance angle, EXCEPT:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"a quarterly return of works in progress is to be submitted after consolidation at the regional level\",\n      \"the Engineer-in-Charge and officers up to the Special Director General are to monitor the paras and ensure that they are settled on priority\",\n      \"the Engineer-in-Charge shall quote the reference of the inspection while corresponding with the contractor\",\n      \"the Engineer-in-Charge shall accompany the inspecting officers during inspections\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 7.1.2(3)<\/b> states the opposite of the third option \u2014 \\\"<i>While making correspondence with the contractor, Engineer-in-Charge shall not quote\/give reference of CTE's inspections. The Engineer-in-Charge shall accompany CTE\/ representatives of CTE during inspections and issue inspection paras of the CTE to the contractor as his own observations.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Reissuing the observations as the Engineer-in-Charge's own keeps the vigilance process out of the contractual correspondence. Sub-paras (1) and (2) support the remaining options, the quarterly return being consolidated regionally and detailed in SOP 7\/1.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 248,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 7: Quality Assurance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For Deposit works, the provisions for a Third Party Quality Assurance agency are required to be made as per the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Schedule of Rates\",\n      \"Delegation of Financial Powers Rules\",\n      \"General Conditions of Contract\",\n      \"Memorandum of Understanding\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 7.2.1(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>For Deposit works, TPQA provisions will be made as per MOU.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>This is consistent with the general treatment of Deposit works, where the user's requirements govern: under <b>Para 3.1.2.1(5)<\/b> a MoU in the format at Annexure-4 of SOP \\\"<i>shall be drawn with the user before taking up the work<\/i>\\\", and under Para 3.1.2.1(3) even the plinth area norms and specifications are as approved by the user department. For budgeted works, by contrast, the trigger is monetary \u2014 TPQA is engaged for works above Rs. 20 crore or as directed by the CPWD Directorate.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 249,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 7: Quality Assurance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For contracts where no Third Party Quality Assurance agency is engaged, the Quality Assurance checks are carried out on a random basis by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"existing Quality Assurance units of the Project Regions\/Regions\",\n      \"Chief Technical Examiner's Organization\",\n      \"Engineer-in-Charge alone\",\n      \"Central Vigilance Commission\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 7.2.1(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>For all other contracts where no TPQA is engaged, the existing QA units of Project Regions\/Regions or as notified from time to time shall carry out the Quality Assurance checks on random basis.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The Salient Features record the accompanying structural change: \\\"<i>Guidelines on Quality Assurance modified as system of quality assurance team at circle level is dispensed with.<\/i>\\\" Coverage is not exclusive either way \u2014 \\\"<i>In cases where TPQA is deployed, the QA units may also inspect such works where so desired by heads of Project Regions\/Regions.<\/i>\\\" The CTE in option (b) inspects from the vigilance angle, which is a different function.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 250,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 7: Quality Assurance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Chief Technical Examiner's Organization carries out its inspections of works:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"only after completion of the work\",\n      \"on its own, or on a complaint being received by or referred to it\",\n      \"only for works costing above Rs. 20 crore\",\n      \"only when directed by the Director General, Central Public Works Department\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 7.1.1<\/b> \u2014 the Organization \\\"<i>conducts inspections of works of CPWD from the vigilance angle on its own or on a complaint being received by\/referred to them.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Both a suo motu route and a complaint-based route are therefore available, and no departmental direction is required, which disposes of option (d). Nor is there any stage restriction: since inspections may be carried out \\\"<i>for works of any magnitude, both in respect of original and repair works<\/i>\\\", they are not confined to completed works as option (a) suggests. Where quality has been checked by the QA unit, defect removal is ensured by the EIC and the QA unit under Para 5.6.4.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 251,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 7: Quality Assurance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:\\nList-I (Category of work)\\nA. Budgeted works above Rs. 20 crore\\nB. Deposit works\\nC. Contracts in which no Third Party Quality Assurance agency is engaged\\nList-II (Quality assurance arrangement)\\n1. Provisions to be made as per the Memorandum of Understanding\\n2. Quality Assurance checks on a random basis by the Quality Assurance units of the Project Regions or Regions\\n3. Engagement of a Third Party Quality Assurance agency\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-2\",\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-3\",\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1\",\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 7.2.1(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>For budgeted works, engagement of TPQA agency will be done for the works above Rs 20 crore or as per the directions issued from time to time by the CPWD Directorate. For Deposit works, TPQA provisions will be made as per MOU. For all other contracts where no TPQA is engaged, the existing QA units of Project Regions\/Regions... shall carry out the Quality Assurance checks on random basis.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The three arrangements are not mutually exclusive: where a Third Party agency is deployed, the Quality Assurance units may still inspect if the head of the Region so desires. Overall responsibility is framed by <b>Para 7.2.1(2)<\/b>, which requires the NIT approving authority to build Total Quality Management into the delivery system.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 252,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 7: Quality Assurance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The paras raised by the Chief Technical Examiner's Organization are required to be monitored and ensured to be settled on priority by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"client department\",\n      \"Central Vigilance Commission alone\",\n      \"Engineer-in-Charge, Superintending Engineer, Chief Engineer, Additional Director General and Special Director General\",\n      \"Quality Assurance units of the Regions\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 7.1.2(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Engineer-in-Charge\/SE\/CE\/ADG\/SDG shall monitor CTE paras and ensure that the paras of CTE are settled on priority.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The responsibility runs through the whole executive chain rather than resting on one officer, mirroring the structure used for audit paras, where under Para 2.27.2.1 three tiers of Audit Committee track outstanding paras at monthly, quarterly and half-yearly intervals. The CVC in option (b) acts through its technical wing in <i>raising<\/i> the paras; settling them is a departmental duty. The QA units in option (d) perform random quality checks under Para 7.2.1(3), a distinct function.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 253,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 7: Quality Assurance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In cases where a Third Party Quality Assurance agency is deployed, the Quality Assurance units:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"are debarred from inspecting the work during its currency\",\n      \"shall inspect the work every month in addition to the agency\",\n      \"shall take over the functions of the agency after recording of the provisional completion certificate\",\n      \"may also inspect such works where so desired by the heads of Project Regions\/Regions\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 7.2.1(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>In cases where TPQA is deployed, the QA units may also inspect such works where so desired by heads of Project Regions\/Regions.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Deployment of a third-party agency therefore supplements rather than displaces departmental oversight, and the additional inspection is discretionary and directed from the regional head, not periodic as option (b) suggests. Two further layers operate alongside: under <b>Para 5.6.4<\/b> the SE\/CE \\\"<i>shall monitor the compliance of observations of TPQA by the Engineer-in-Charge<\/i>\\\", and the Engineer-in-Charge remains responsible for the overall quality of the work.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 254,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 8: Miscellaneous (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The \\\"salvage value\\\" of a building proposed to be dismantled is defined as the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"cost of the dismantled materials less the cost of dismantling it\",\n      \"cost of the dismantled materials plus the cost of dismantling it\",\n      \"market value of the vacant land after demolition\",\n      \"original cost of construction less depreciation\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 8.4, Note<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Salvage value shall be defined as the cost of dismantled materials less the cost of dismantling it.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>It is therefore a net figure, and option (b) inverts the arithmetic. The definition has a direct operational consequence under <b>Para 8.4(4)<\/b>: after the survey report is sanctioned, the reserve price of the building is fixed by the officers competent under Sl. No. 19 of Annexure-66A of SOP \\\"<i>after taking into consideration the assessed salvage value of the dismantled materials only<\/i>\\\" \u2014 the land is excluded, which is why unsafe structures are disposed of \\\"<i>without land by auction<\/i>\\\" under Para 8.3.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 255,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 8: Miscellaneous (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A Government building, built or purchased, should NOT be disposed off by sale or demolition unless it has first been ascertained that:\\n1. it is not required by any Department of the Government.\\n2. it is in a dangerous condition and\/or beyond economic repairs.\\n3. a vacant site is needed to construct a Government building in place of the existing one.\\n\\nWhich of the above is\/are a valid ground?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 8.4(1)<\/b> \u2014 no such building \\\"<i>should be disposed off by sale or demolition unless it has previously been ascertained that it is not required by any Department of the Government, and\/or it is in dangerous condition and\/or beyond economic repairs, or it is necessary to have a vacant site for constructing a Government building or structure in place of the existing one.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>All three statements are therefore valid grounds. Where the building is not owned by CPWD or the Directorate of Estates, MoHUA, <b>Para 8.4(5)<\/b> requires approval of disposal to be taken from the owner or user; and for GPRA\/GPOA buildings, Para 15.3.2 requires prior approval of the Directorate of Estates.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 256,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 8: Miscellaneous (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consultancy work such as proof checking of structural design or analysis of specialized structures may be assigned, without call of tenders, to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"any empanelled private architect\",\n      \"the client department\",\n      \"Government institutes such as the Indian Institutes of Technology, National Institutes of Technology and the Central Building Research Institute\",\n      \"the lowest bidder among private consultants\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 8.13<\/b> \u2014 proof checking of structural or MEP design, original structural design of typical or special structures, specialized jobs requiring analysis of structures and soil investigation, architectural\/landscape design consultancy, and third party quality audit as per the user's request \\\"<i>can be assigned to IITs, NITs, Govt. Engineering College, Central Building Research Institute (CBRI) and other central\/state Govt. Institutes, without call of tenders.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The ADG\/SDG of the Region must prepare a list of such institutes after due verification. Private consultants in option (a) follow the different route in Para 8.10 \u2014 a panel prepared by ADG\/SDG, from which bids are called.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 257,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 8: Miscellaneous (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"When it is decided to demolish an unsafe building or structure, it is required to be disposed off:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"by private negotiation only\",\n      \"along with the land, by auction\",\n      \"by transfer to the client department\",\n      \"without land, by auction\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 8.3<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>In case it is decided to demolish such unsafe building\/structure, it should be disposed off without land by auction under the powers vested in competent authorities as indicated in 'Financial Powers delegated to CPWD Officers'.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The exclusion of land follows from the valuation basis: under Para 8.4(4) the reserve price is fixed on the assessed salvage value of the dismantled materials only, salvage value itself being the cost of dismantled materials less the cost of dismantling. The maintenance-side counterpart at <b>Para 15.3.2<\/b> adds that such buildings \\\"<i>should be survey reported<\/i>\\\", with prior approval of the Directorate of Estates for GPRA\/GPOA buildings.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 258,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 8: Miscellaneous (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the disposal of Government buildings:\\n1. No Government building should be disposed of by sale or demolition unless it has previously been ascertained that it is not required by any Department of the Government.\\n2. Where a building other than a purely temporary structure is proposed to be dismantled, a survey report is to be prepared as prescribed and submitted for the approval of the authority competent to sanction the sale or dismantlement.\\n3. Where the approval in principle of the Government of India to the demolition has been obtained, Special Directors General, Additional Directors General and Chief Engineers are competent to sanction such survey reports irrespective of the book value.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 8.4(1)<\/b> lays down the precondition in statement 1, adding the alternatives that the building is in dangerous condition, beyond economic repairs, or that a vacant site is needed for a replacement structure.<br><br><b>Para 8.4(3)<\/b> supports statements 2 and 3 \u2014 a survey report \\\"<i>as per Annexure-69 of SOP should be prepared and submitted for approval of the authority competent to sanction sale or dismantlement<\/i>\\\", and where in-principle approval of the Government of India exists, \\\"<i>the SDG\/ADG\/Chief Engineers are competent authorities in CPWD to sanction such survey reports irrespective of book value.<\/i>\\\" The powers for sale or dismantlement themselves are in the delegated financial powers under sub-para (2).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 259,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 8: Miscellaneous (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Surplus or unserviceable stores are ordinarily disposed off by e-auction or sealed quotations. If disposal through auction is not possible, they may be disposed off:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"at their scrap value, with the approval of the competent authority in consultation with the finance division\",\n      \"at any price fixed by the Engineer-in-Charge\",\n      \"only by transfer to another division\",\n      \"by writing them off without any disposal\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 8.6(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>If disposal of any surplus or obsolete or unserviceable item is not possible inspite of attempts through auction, then it can be disposed off at its scrap value with the approval of the competent authority in consultation with finance division. In case the Department is unable to sell the item even at its scrap value, it may adopt any other mode of disposal including destruction of the item in an eco-friendly manner.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>A cascade therefore operates: auction, then scrap value with finance concurrence, then eco-friendly destruction. The Salient Features add that the authority declaring material unserviceable is now also empowered to approve the method of its disposal.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 260,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 8: Miscellaneous (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Before issue to the contractor, except in Engineering, Procurement and Construction contracts, the structural design, Electrical & Mechanical services design and architectural drawings prepared by a Consultant must be authenticated \\\"Good for Construction\\\" by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"consultant who prepared the design, countersigned by the Chief Architect\",\n      \"Assistant Engineer, Executive Engineer, Architect\/Senior Architect and the Technical Sanction authority\",\n      \"Engineer-in-Charge alone\",\n      \"Superintending Engineer and the Chief Architect\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 8.12<\/b> \u2014 such drawings \\\"<i>shall be authenticated 'Good for Construction' by AE, EE, Architect \/ SA and TS authority even if it is proof checked by some other consultant, before issuing the drawings to contractor (except in case of EPC contracts).<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Proof checking by another consultant is therefore no substitute for departmental authentication. The para adds a cross-discipline safeguard \u2014 the technical proposal of a stream other than that to which the T\/S Authority belongs \\\"<i>should also be technically sanctioned by T\/S Authority in consultation with Civil\/Electrical counter-parts<\/i>\\\" \u2014 and requires a unique EDN through the ERP Collaboration Tool, without which the drawings are not valid.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 261,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 8: Miscellaneous (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The expenditure on the survey of a site and on soil investigation works for safe bearing capacity forms part of the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"departmental charges\",\n      \"contingencies of the work only\",\n      \"main project or enabling work, as sanctioned\",\n      \"consultancy fees\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 8.7<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The expenditure on survey of site and soil investigation works for safe bearing capacity will form part of the main project or enabling work as sanctioned.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The <b>Definitions<\/b> explain the alternative: an Enabling Estimate is \\\"<i>prepared for carrying out pre-construction activities of a work<\/i>\\\". Option (b) is a near-miss \u2014 Para 3.1.1.3(3) does allow job works such as surveying and material testing to be met from contingencies, but Para 8.7 fixes the primary treatment for site survey and soil investigation as part of the main project or the enabling work. A soil or Geotechnical Investigation Report is in any case part of the T\/S in all modes under Para 3.1.1.6.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 262,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 8: Miscellaneous (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A panel of Private Architects\/Consultants for engagement is prepared by the Additional Director General\/Special Director General, taking guidance from which document issued by the Ministry of Finance?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the Manual for Procurement of Goods 2022\",\n      \"the General Financial Rules, 2017\",\n      \"the CPW Accounts Code\",\n      \"the Manual for Procurement of Consultancy and Other Services 2025\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 8.10(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>ADG\/SDG shall prepare a panel of Private Architects\/ Consultants taking guidance from the 'Manual for Procurement of Consultancy and Other Services 2025' issued by the Ministry of Finance and as amended from time to time.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The 2026 edition updates the reference from the earlier edition of that Manual. Engagement from the panel is then done by CE\/SE\/CA\/SA as per the delegated financial powers \\\"<i>by calling bids from empanelled architects\/ consultants<\/i>\\\", the detailed procedure being in SOP No. 8\/9. Where no empanelment exists for a category, Para 8.10(3) permits engagement directly under the guidance of the same Ministry of Finance document.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 263,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 8: Miscellaneous (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"All of the following statements regarding the demolition and disposal of buildings are correct, EXCEPT:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"an unsafe building or structure decided to be demolished is to be disposed of without land by auction\",\n      \"the powers for sale or dismantlement of public buildings are given in the Financial Powers Delegated to CPWD Officers\",\n      \"where a building is owned by another department, the decision on its demolition rests with the Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"guidelines for consultation with the Department of Archaeology for new constructions are given in the Standard Operating Procedure\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"The third option reverses the position: for buildings owned by other departments the decision to demolish rests wholly with the owning department, the Department's role being to execute rather than to decide.<br><br><b>Para 8.3<\/b> supports the first option \u2014 an unsafe structure \\\"<i>should be disposed off without land by auction under the powers vested in competent authorities<\/i>\\\" \u2014 the words \\\"<i>without land<\/i>\\\" being the operative limitation.<br><br><b>Para 8.4(2)<\/b> supports the second, and <b>Para 8.2<\/b> the fourth, consultation with the Department of Archaeology and other departments being governed by SOP 8\/2.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 264,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 8: Miscellaneous (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"After the survey report for dismantlement of a Government building is sanctioned, the reserve price is fixed after taking into consideration the assessed:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"salvage value of the dismantled materials only\",\n      \"market value of the land and building\",\n      \"cost of dismantling only\",\n      \"replacement cost of the building\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 8.4(4)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>After the survey report is sanctioned, the reserve price of the building shall be fixed subsequently by the officers, as per delegated financial powers, for fixing of reserve price for sale \/dismantling and disposal of dismantled materials of public building without land, mentioned at sl. no. 19, Annexure-66A of SOP, after taking into consideration the assessed salvage value of the dismantled materials only.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Land is excluded throughout, which is why Para 8.3 provides for disposal \\\"<i>without land by auction<\/i>\\\". Under Para 8.4(3) the survey report is prepared in the format at Annexure-69 of SOP, and SDG\/ADG\/Chief Engineers may sanction it \\\"<i>irrespective of book value\/construction cost<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 265,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 8: Miscellaneous (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The valuation of properties for statutory authorities is carried out by the encadred officers of the Central Public Works Department in the Valuation cell, as per the \\\"Guidelines for Valuation of Immovable Properties 2009\\\" issued by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Comptroller and Auditor General\",\n      \"Central Board of Direct Taxes\",\n      \"Central Public Works Department Directorate\",\n      \"Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 8.18<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The guidelines and procedure to be followed for valuation of properties have been detailed out in the Guidelines for Valuation of Immovable Properties 2009 issued by Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT), Min. of finance which is available on the CPWD website www.cpwd.gov.in, in the publication domain for reference or as amended from time to time.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The Valuation cell has encadred CPWD officers and works on references from Income tax authorities, Central Customs and Excise, and other statutory bodies such as CBI and ED \u2014 which is the concrete expression of the function listed at <b>Para 1.0(2)<\/b>.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 266,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 8: Miscellaneous (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"When the Chief Engineer\/Superintending Engineer engages agencies to prepare architectural, landscaping, Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing and structural drawings, the expenditure is charged to the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"departmental charges\",\n      \"security deposit\",\n      \"Contingencies of the work\",\n      \"Consolidated Fund of India\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 8.11<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>the CE\/SE\/CA\/SA shall have full powers to engage agencies to prepare architectural, landscaping, MEP and structural drawings etc. as per Financial Powers Delegated to CPWD officers ... Such expenditure shall be charged to the Contingencies of work and is to be paid by the Engineer-in-Charge.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>This is one of the heads expressly recognised in <b>Para 3.1.1.3(3)<\/b>, which lists \\\"<i>structural designing, architectural drawings, models<\/i>\\\" among permissible uses of contingencies. For Deposit works a different question arises first: under Para 3.1.2.1(7) the fees of a Private Architect\/Consultant are added to the estimate only if the estimate does not already include or cover departmental charges.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 267,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 8: Miscellaneous (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the case of purely temporary structures constructed during 'Deposit works', the decision to retain them or get them disposed of rests with the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Superintending Engineer\",\n      \"Engineer-in-Charge\",\n      \"Directorate of Estates\",\n      \"client\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 8.5(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>For such temporary structures constructed in 'Deposit works' it will be up to the user either to retain or get them disposed.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>For other works the position is different, and the contrast is the point of the provision: under <b>Para 8.5(1)<\/b> \\\"<i>The Engineer-in-Charge shall have full powers for fixing the reserve price of the purely temporary structures erected during the construction of a work after its purpose has been served<\/i>\\\", and such structures \\\"<i>shall be sold or dismantled\/auctioned by the Engineer-in-Charge, taking into consideration the life and condition of the structure and other local conditions<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 268,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 8: Miscellaneous (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:\\nList-I (Document or item)\\nA. Good for Construction and As-Built drawings\\nB. Engagement of consultants for consultancy and other services\\nC. Survey report for dismantlement of a building\\nList-II (Requirement)\\n1. Annexure-69 of the Standard Operating Procedure\\n2. A mandatory ERP Drawing or Document Number issued through the ERP Collaboration Tool\\n3. Guidance from the Manual for Procurement of Consultancy and Other Services, 2025\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-2, B-3, C-1\",\n      \"A-1, B-2, C-3\",\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2\",\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Paras 5.17.3(3) and 8.12<\/b> make the ERP Drawing\/Document Number mandatory on Good for Construction and As-Built drawings, issued through the ERP Collaboration Tool, giving A-2.<br><br><b>Para 8.10<\/b> refers consultancy engagement to the Manual for Procurement of Consultancy and Other Services, 2025 \u2014 the edition year having moved on from 2022, which is the detail most likely to be answered from stale memory \u2014 giving B-3.<br><br><b>Para 8.4(3)<\/b> prescribes the Annexure-69 survey report, giving C-1. Good for Construction drawings additionally require authentication by the Assistant Engineer, Executive Engineer, Architect or Senior Architect and the Technical Sanction authority.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 269,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 8: Miscellaneous (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In respect of buildings owned by other departments, the decision on dismantling or demolishing the building:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"rests completely with those departments, and Central Public Works Department officers have no role in such decision making\",\n      \"rests with the Chief Engineer of the Zone in which the building is situated\",\n      \"rests with the Directorate of Estates, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\",\n      \"requires a survey report to be prepared by Central Public Works Department officers in every case\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 8.4(6)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>For buildings owned by other departments, the decision of dismantling\/ demolishing of building completely rest with those departments. CPWD officers have no role in such decision making. Once written direction to demolish a building has been given by that department, CPWD shall proceed with the demolition activity. For such buildings, CPWD officers shall not be mandated to prepare survey report etc. unless specifically requested by user department.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Option (d) is therefore the express opposite of the rule. Option (c) applies to a different category \u2014 GPRA\/GPOA buildings in the records of the Directorate of Estates, which need its prior approval under Para 15.3.2.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 270,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 8: Miscellaneous (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The engagement of a consultant from the panel of Private Architects\/Consultants, as per the Financial Powers Delegated to Central Public Works Department officers, is to be done by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Director General, Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"Chief Engineer\/Superintending Engineer\/Chief Architect\/Senior Architect, by calling bids from empanelled architects or consultants\",\n      \"Additional Director General\/Special Director General who prepared the panel\",\n      \"Engineer-in-Charge, by nomination from the panel\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 8.10(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Engagement of consultant may be done by the CE\/SE\/CA\/SA as per Financial Powers Delegated to CPWD officers, by calling bids from empanelled architects\/ consultants. Detailed procedure is given in SOP No. 8\/9.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Two stages are thus separated: the ADG\/SDG <i>prepares the panel<\/i> under Para 8.10(1), while the engaging authority calls competitive bids from within it \u2014 so option (d)'s nomination route is excluded. The Salient Features record the governing principle: \\\"<i>Engagement of Consultant will be done by the Competent Authority with recorded reasons, as per the Delegation of Financial Powers.<\/i>\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 271,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 8: Miscellaneous (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For hiring of all private accommodation required by any Civil Department of the Central Government at Delhi, the Chairman of the Hiring Committee is the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Assistant Director of Estates concerned\",\n      \"Assistant Director (Finance), Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\",\n      \"Executive Engineer (License Fee), Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"Superintending Engineer of the Circle concerned\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 8.15<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>For hiring of all private accommodation required by any Civil Department of the Central Government at Delhi, the Executive Engineer (License Fee), CPWD, is the Chairman of the Hiring Committee, the other members being the concerned Assistant Director of Estates and Assistant Director (Finance), MoHUA.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Options (a) and (b) are therefore the other two members, not the Chairman. The financial powers for hiring are separately governed by <b>Para 8.17<\/b> and the DFPR, under which EEs, SEs and CEs \\\"<i>are competent to hire private accommodation for storage purposes, provided the expenditure is within the provision of the sanctioned estimate<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 272,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 8: Miscellaneous (Construction)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A building is to be dismantled. The dismantled materials are assessed at Rs. 14.50 lakh and the cost of dismantling at Rs. 4.25 lakh. The reserve price is to be fixed with reference to a figure of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 18.75 lakh\",\n      \"Rs. 10.25 lakh\",\n      \"Rs. 14.50 lakh\",\n      \"Rs. 4.25 lakh\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"The Note to <b>Para 8.4<\/b> defines the term: \\\"<i>Salvage value shall be defined as the cost of dismantled materials less the cost of dismantling it.<\/i>\\\" The salvage value is therefore Rs. 14.50 lakh less Rs. 4.25 lakh, or Rs. 10.25 lakh.<br><br>Under <b>Para 8.4(4)<\/b> the reserve price is fixed \\\"<i>after taking into consideration the assessed salvage value of the dismantled materials only<\/i>\\\", so nothing is added for the land \u2014 which is why <b>Para 8.3<\/b> directs disposal \\\"<i>without land by auction<\/i>\\\". Rs. 18.75 lakh adds the dismantling cost instead of deducting it, inverting the definition.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 273,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 9: General Provisions (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"All of the following are classified as Maintenance works in existing structures EXCEPT:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"special repair works\",\n      \"additions and alterations works\",\n      \"up-gradation work and aesthetic improvements in existing buildings\",\n      \"new construction of a building\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 9.1<\/b> lists seven categories of maintenance works: annual repair and maintenance works, special repair works, additions\/alterations works, maintenance of residences of VIPs, day to day repairs, petty repair works, and up-gradation work and aesthetic improvements in existing buildings.<br><br>New construction falls outside this list \u2014 under <b>Para 3.0<\/b>, construction works \\\"<i>are those which are taken up as all new constructions, rehabilitation and retrofitting works, the expenditure of which is charged to capital heads<\/i>\\\", and the <b>Definitions<\/b> classify \\\"<i>all new constructions<\/i>\\\" as Original Works. The chapter title itself confines the classification to works \\\"<i>in Existing Structures<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 274,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 9: General Provisions (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Minor works which add capital value to existing assets but do not create new assets are required to be treated as:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Original Works under the Capital Head\",\n      \"Maintenance Works under the Revenue Head\",\n      \"Petty Works\",\n      \"Deposit Works\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 9.1<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>As per GFR 2017 Rule 130, minor works which add capital value to existing assets but do not create new assets are to be treated as Original Works under Capital Head.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The <b>Definitions<\/b> match this: \\\"<i>Minor Works: Works which add capital value to existing assets but do not create new assets<\/i>\\\", while Original Works cover \\\"<i>all new constructions, site preparation, additions and alterations, special repairs to newly purchased or previously abandoned buildings or structures, including re-modelling or replacement<\/i>\\\". The classification is not academic \u2014 the same para requires the Engineer-in-Charge to \\\"<i>pre-decide the classification<\/i>\\\" for the purpose of the estimate, booking of expenditure and exercise of financial powers.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 275,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 9: General Provisions (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In which mode of maintenance are all the Civil, Electrical excluding standalone operational and specialized works, and Horticulture works carried out through a single agency by inviting composite tenders?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Work order mode\",\n      \"Comprehensive maintenance mode\",\n      \"Individual contracts mode\",\n      \"Departmental labour mode\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 9.3<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Maintenance works should usually be carried out in Comprehensive maintenance mode. In this mode, all the maintenance works pertaining to Civil, Electrical (excluding standalone operational works and specialized works) & horticulture works are carried out through a single agency by inviting composite tenders.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Normal works of up-gradation, special repairs, addition and alteration of civil, E&M services and horticulture \\\"<i>should also be clubbed in the composite tenders and executed under a single contract<\/i>\\\". The <b>Definitions<\/b> put it compactly: \\\"<i>Comprehensive Maintenance works: Combined Civil, Electrical and Horticulture maintenance works carried out under a single contract.<\/i>\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 276,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 9: General Provisions (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below:\\n\\nList-I (Mode of execution of maintenance works)\\nA. Works through Departmental Labour\\nB. Works on Work Orders\\nC. Petty Repairs\\n\\nList-II (Feature)\\n1. Executed by the Engineer-in-Charge at his discretion through hand receipts up to Rs. 25,000\\n2. Day-to-day maintenance using materials issued from the maintenance store\\n3. Used in emergent and urgent cases by collecting spot quotations or call of quotations\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-2\",\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1\",\n      \"A-2, B-3, C-1\",\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 9.3.1<\/b> gives A\u21922 \u2014 \\\"<i>In this mode, day to day maintenance is carried out through departmental labour and the materials used for the work are issued from the maintenance store.<\/i>\\\"<br><br><b>Para 9.3.3<\/b> gives B\u21923 \u2014 \\\"<i>In emergent and urgent cases, this mode is used by collecting spot quotations in case of emergency and call of quotations in case of urgency<\/i>\\\".<br><br><b>Para 9.3.4<\/b> gives C\u21921 \u2014 petty maintenance and repair works up to Rs. 25,000 \\\"<i>can be got executed by the Engineer-in-Charge at his discretion through hand receipts but at reasonable rates<\/i>\\\". The fourth mode, Works on Individual Contracts under Para 9.3.2, is execution by call of tenders where comprehensive maintenance is not resorted to.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 277,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 9: General Provisions (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Petty maintenance and repair works up to what amount can be got executed by the Engineer-in-Charge at his discretion through hand receipts at reasonable rates?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 10,000\",\n      \"Rs. 50,000\",\n      \"Rs. 1,00,000\",\n      \"Rs. 25,000\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 9.3.4<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Petty maintenance and repair works upto Rs. 25000\/- can be got executed by the Engineer-in-Charge at his discretion through hand receipts but at reasonable rates<\/i>\\\", subject to three conditions: an annual ceiling of Rs. 10 lac per Division exclusive of the permanent imprest; maintenance of a hand receipt register at the divisional office, updated on payment of each receipt and reviewed by the EE monthly; and prior approval of CE\/SE for each hand receipt beyond the annual ceiling.<br><br>The same figure of Rs. 25,000 is the ceiling below which the EE may dispense with earnest money for petty works under Para 5.1.2(3).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 278,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 9: General Provisions (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Maintenance of a building not originally constructed by the Central Public Works Department, or of equipment not originally procured and installed by it, may be undertaken only with the prior approval of the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Chief Engineer or Special Director General\/Additional Director General\",\n      \"Superintending Engineer of the Circle\",\n      \"Executive Engineer of the Division\",\n      \"client department\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 9.4(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>for maintenance of buildings that were not originally constructed by CPWD, and maintenance of mechanical\/ electrical equipments that were not originally procured and installed by CPWD, maintenance works of such buildings and installations may be undertaken with prior approval of CE or SDG\/ADG.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The Salient Features state the same rule in terms of rank: \\\"<i>Taking up of maintenance of buildings not constructed by CPWD to be approved by an officer of the rank of CE or above.<\/i>\\\" The reason is the unknown quality and residual life of an asset the department did not build. For its own assets, an officer has full powers within his T\/S powers under the first limb of Para 9.4(2).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 279,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 9: General Provisions (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Annual Rate Contract System, suitable for repetitive jobs requiring immediate start and uniformity of rates, requires that the agencies for works in each colony be fixed:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"after the start of the financial year\",\n      \"before the start of the financial year\",\n      \"only after inviting composite tenders\",\n      \"at the end of each quarter\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 9.3.5<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>This is suitable for repetitive nature of jobs which require immediate start and uniformity of rates, mainly for minor works. The works have to be planned in advance and a number of agencies for works in each colony should be fixed before the start of financial year. Normal A\/R & M\/O works, however, shall be dealt with under normal tendering system.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The last sentence is the examinable limit \u2014 the rate contract route does not displace normal tendering for annual repair and maintenance. The same description appears at <b>Para 1.1(8)<\/b>, which lists the Annual Rate Contract for Maintenance among the standard forms of contract.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 280,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 9: General Provisions (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For registering maintenance complaints online under a customer-friendly complaint management system, the Central Public Works Department has set up a web-based portal and mobile app named:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"\\\"Sampark Portal\\\"\",\n      \"\\\"e-Nirman\\\"\",\n      \"\\\"CPWD Sewa\\\"\",\n      \"\\\"Bhavan Seva\\\"\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 9.2<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>For customer user friendly complaint management system, a web-based portal and mobile app 'CPWD Sewa' has been set up for registering complaints online. Details of all complaints received, disposed and the response time is managed by CPWD service centers. CPWD call centre has been set up to receive the complaints from users. Toll free numbers are 1800114499, 18002664499.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Response <i>time<\/i>, not merely disposal, is tracked \u2014 consistent with the heading \\\"<i>User Satisfaction and Responsiveness<\/i>\\\". The same platform reappears in <b>Para 12.2(ii)<\/b>, where geo-tagged photographs of a vacated quarter are uploaded on E-Sewa\/ERP by the JE\/AE.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 281,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 9: General Provisions (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The mode of execution of maintenance works by call of tenders, used where comprehensive maintenance is not resorted to, is known as:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Works through Departmental Labour\",\n      \"Works on Work Orders\",\n      \"the Annual Rate Contract System\",\n      \"Works on Individual Contracts\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 9.3.2<\/b> \u2014 under the heading Works on Individual Contracts, \\\"<i>This mode is used for execution of maintenance and repair works by call of tenders, where comprehensive maintenance is not resorted to.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The four alternative modes in Para 9.3 are distinguished by <i>how<\/i> the agency is procured: departmental labour with store-issued materials (9.3.1); individual contracts by call of tenders (9.3.2); work orders on spot or called quotations in emergent and urgent cases (9.3.3); and petty repairs on hand receipts up to Rs. 25,000 (9.3.4). The Annual Rate Contract System in option (c) is a fifth route under Para 9.3.5, for repetitive minor works with agencies fixed before the financial year begins.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 282,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 9: General Provisions (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"An officer has full powers, within his powers to accord Technical Sanction, to augment the electric power supply of the residences of Very Important Persons up to the maximum electrical load sanctioned for:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Ministers, Judges of the Supreme Court\/High Court, Members of Parliament, and Secretaries\/Additional Secretaries and equivalent officers\",\n      \"only Members of Parliament\",\n      \"only the Prime Minister and the President\",\n      \"any Government servant occupying general pool residential accommodation\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 9.4(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Officer shall have full power within his\/ her powers to accord Technical sanction for augmentation of electric power supply of the residence of VIPs up to maximum electrical load sanctioned for Ministers, Judges of Supreme Court \/High court, Members of Parliament, Secretaries\/Additional Secretaries & equivalent officers.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The power is bounded twice over \u2014 by the officer's own T\/S powers, and by the maximum load already sanctioned for the relevant category of VIP. \\\"<i>Maintenance of residences of VIPs<\/i>\\\" is itself one of the seven categories of maintenance works listed in Para 9.1, and such residences may also attract restricted tendering under the Definitions.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 283,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 9: General Provisions (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"An officer shall have full powers to undertake maintenance works within his or her powers to accord:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the lowest tender\",\n      \"Technical Sanction\",\n      \"Administrative Approval\",\n      \"Expenditure Sanction\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 9.4(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Officer shall have full powers to undertake works within his\/ her powers to accord Technical sanction.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The T\/S power is used repeatedly in the Manual as the yardstick for other powers: under <b>Para 3.1.2.1(1)<\/b> officers may undertake deposit works up to their delegated T\/S powers; under <b>Para 3.1.1.3(2)<\/b> the T\/S Authority may execute smaller works cropping up during execution up to its tender acceptance limits; and under <b>Para 5.20.1<\/b> the EE or SE may decide tenders for residual work up to 10% of their respective T\/S powers. Acceptance of the lowest tender in option (a) is a separate delegation, applied to packages under Para 3.1.1.8(iv).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 284,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 9: General Provisions (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The annual ceiling for payment through hand receipts, exclusive of the permanent imprest, is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 5 lac per Division\",\n      \"Rs. 25 lac per Division\",\n      \"Rs. 10 lac per Division\",\n      \"Rs. 1 lac per Sub-Division\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 9.3.4(a)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Annual ceiling for payment through hand receipts shall be Rs. 10 lac per Division (exclusive of the permanent - imprest).<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The ceiling operates at <i>Division<\/i> level, not sub-division, which rules out option (d), and the permanent imprest is expressly kept outside the computation. Two companion controls appear in the same para: a hand receipt register maintained at the divisional office, updated immediately on payment of each receipt and reviewed by the EE monthly; and, beyond the annual ceiling, prior approval of CE\/SE for payment of each hand receipt. Each individual petty work must still be within Rs. 25,000.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 285,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 9: General Provisions (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding payment for petty repairs through hand receipts:\\n1. A hand receipt register is to be maintained at the divisional office to record all hand receipts passed during each financial year.\\n2. The register is to be updated immediately on payment of each hand receipt and reviewed by the Executive Engineer on a monthly basis.\\n3. Beyond the annual ceiling limit, payment for each hand receipt requires prior approval of the Chief Engineer\/Superintending Engineer.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"All three are correct.<br><br><b>Para 9.3.4(b)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Hand receipt register shall be maintained at the divisional office to record all Hand Receipts passed during each financial year. This register shall be updated immediately on payment of each hand receipt and will be reviewed by EE on monthly basis.<\/i>\\\"<br><br><b>Para 9.3.4(c)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Beyond annual ceiling limit, payment for each hand receipt shall require prior approval of CE\/SE.<\/i>\\\" Read with sub-para (a), the controls are cumulative: Rs. 25,000 per petty work, Rs. 10 lac per Division per year, a contemporaneous register with monthly review, and case-by-case approval above the ceiling.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 286,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 10: Preliminaries for Maintenance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the case of budgetary works of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, no Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction is required for maintenance works undertaken from budgeted works, except for:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Addition & Alteration works\",\n      \"special repair works\",\n      \"annual repair and maintenance works\",\n      \"day-to-day repairs\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.2<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>In case of MoHUA budgetary works, no A\/A & E\/S is required for maintenance works undertaken from the budgeted works except for Addition & Alteration works for which excess up to 10% of the amount of the administrative approval may be authorized by officers of the CPWD, up to their respective powers of technical sanction.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The carve-out is logical, since additions and alterations change the asset rather than merely preserve it. For all other cases the general rule in the first limb applies \u2014 \\\"<i>The competent authority of the Administrative Ministry\/Department\/User shall accord A\/A & E\/S on the basis of \/Preliminary estimate\/Detailed estimate.<\/i>\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 287,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 10: Preliminaries for Maintenance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For Addition & Alteration works undertaken from budgeted works of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, an excess up to what percentage of the Administrative Approval may be authorized by officers of the Central Public Works Department?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"5%\",\n      \"10%\",\n      \"15%\",\n      \"20%\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.2<\/b> \u2014 such excess \\\"<i>up to 10% of the amount of the administrative approval may be authorized by officers of the CPWD, up to their respective powers of technical sanction.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The proviso is the real control: the officer's own T\/S powers cap the concession, exactly as in <b>Para 3.1.4(3)<\/b> on the construction side. The same figure of 10% recurs in <b>Para 5.11.1(2)<\/b>, where total expenditure including deviation and extra items on MoHUA budgetary works \\\"<i>should not exceed 10% of AA & ES amount<\/i>\\\", and in <b>Para 12.1(1)<\/b>, where completion cost of a maintenance work is limited to 1.5 times the contract amount and 10% of the sanctioned cost for budgeted works.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 288,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 10: Preliminaries for Maintenance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The preliminaries for maintenance works are in consonance and analogous to the principles and procedures laid down for:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"specialized works\",\n      \"deposit works\",\n      \"construction works\",\n      \"emergent works\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.0<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Preliminaries for 'Maintenance work' are in consonance and analogous to the principles and procedure laid down for Construction works with the following exceptions as given in the under mentioned paras.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The same drafting technique is used through Part III: under <b>Para 11.0<\/b> the mode of bidding system for maintenance works \\\"<i>is analogous with the Construction works<\/i>\\\"; under <b>Para 12.0<\/b> contract management is analogous \\\"<i>with the following exceptions<\/i>\\\"; and under <b>Para 13.0<\/b> quality assurance is likewise analogous. Only the stated exceptions therefore need separate learning \u2014 chiefly Paras 10.1 to 10.5 and 12.1 to 12.3.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 289,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 10: Preliminaries for Maintenance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following statements about the preliminaries for maintenance works is NOT correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Technical Sanction is not required for maintenance works\",\n      \"The preliminaries for maintenance works are analogous to those for construction works\",\n      \"Technical Sanction is issued for all maintenance works, including renovation, upgradation and additions\/alterations\",\n      \"For budgetary works of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, no Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction is required for maintenance from budgeted works, except for Addition & Alteration works\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"The incorrect statement is the first.<br><br><b>Para 10.3<\/b> is categorical: \\\"<i>Technical sanction shall be issued for all the maintenance works including renovation, upgradtion, aesthetic improvement, addtions\/ alterations, special\/ major repairs etc.<\/i>\\\", the Detailed Estimate being prepared as per the guidelines in SOP 3\/3 \u2014 which is why statement (c) is correct and (a) is not. Statement (b) reproduces Para 10.0 and statement (d) reproduces Para 10.2. The distinction to hold on to is that A\/A & E\/S may be dispensed with for MoHUA budgeted maintenance works, but Technical Sanction never is.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 290,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 10: Preliminaries for Maintenance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where day-to-day maintenance is outsourced along with annual repair and maintenance work and special repair works for general pool residential and office accommodation, the period of comprehensive maintenance shall not be more than:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"two years\",\n      \"three years\",\n      \"five years\",\n      \"one year\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.5(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>In case of 'Outsourcing of day to day maintenance along with Annual repair and maintenance work, and Special repair works'. The period of comprehensive maintenance shall not be more than three years for GPRA\/GPOA works. For other works, period will be kept as per User's requirements and A\/A & E\/S.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The cap therefore binds only for general pool accommodation; elsewhere the user's requirement and the sanction govern. Five years in option (c) is a different provision \u2014 under <b>Para 3.1.3(4)<\/b> Preliminary Estimates of specialized E&M systems for MoHUA budgeted works should carry a five-year provision for maintenance and operation.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 291,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 10: Preliminaries for Maintenance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For general maintenance works, the estimated cost put to tender in the Notice Inviting Tender is worked out based on:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the previous year's contract rates\",\n      \"plinth area rates only\",\n      \"the Delhi Schedule of Rates or prevailing market rates\",\n      \"the sanctioned budget allocation\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.5(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The estimated cost put to tender in the NIT shall be worked out based on DSR\/market rates for general maintenance works similar to construction works. For works involving structural rehabilitation where Technical sanction has been issued, the estimated cost put to tender in the NIT shall be worked out based on the rates considered in the Technical sanction.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The two bases are therefore work-specific. Contrast the construction side, where <b>Para 4.10(2)<\/b> makes the T\/S the sole basis in every case; plinth area rates in option (b) are used for Preliminary Estimates and for EPC estimates under Para 4.8(3).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 292,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 10: Preliminaries for Maintenance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The separate annual works plan for Maintenance works, prepared by the respective divisions of all disciplines, is finalized and approved by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"client department\",\n      \"Executive Engineer\",\n      \"Director General\",\n      \"Chief Engineer or Superintending Engineer\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.1<\/b> \u2014 the plan is prepared by the respective divisions of all disciplines, Civil, Electrical and Horticulture, \\\"<i>in advance for finalization and approval by the CE or SE or any other authority as designated by the CPWD Directorate from time to time. The priorities of works should be decided based on the funds availability and urgency of the works. The PE\/DE shall be prepared according to the approved annual works plan.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The Executive Engineer in option (b) has a residual role only: \\\"<i>In case of any work which is not included in the Plan, Executive Engineer may take up the work after taking approval from SE\/CE\/ any other authority as designated by the Directorate.<\/i>\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 293,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 10: Preliminaries for Maintenance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following is treated as a specialized Electrical & Mechanical system for the purpose of maintenance, comprehensive maintenance or operation?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Lifts and Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems\",\n      \"resurfacing of internal roads\",\n      \"internal water-supply piping\",\n      \"painting of walls and ceilings\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.4<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>For Maintenance \/ Comprehensive Maintenance \/Operation of Specialized nature E&M System including Lifts and HVAC, DG Sets, Fire Alarm System, Sub-Station and Wet Riser and Sprinkler System works, the guidelines as per SOP 4\/7 shall be followed.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The identical list appears on the construction side at <b>Para 3.1.3(4)<\/b>, where Preliminary Estimates of these systems for MoHUA budgeted works should carry a five-year provision for maintenance and operation. The systems in options (b) to (d) are ordinary civil maintenance items and fall within the comprehensive maintenance mode under Para 9.3, which expressly excludes standalone operational and specialized works.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 294,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 10: Preliminaries for Maintenance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For maintenance works involving structural rehabilitation where a Technical Sanction has been issued, the estimated cost put to tender in the Notice Inviting Tender is worked out based on:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the client's budget allocation\",\n      \"the rates considered in the Technical Sanction\",\n      \"the plinth area rates\",\n      \"the previous year's contract rates\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.5(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>For works involving structural rehabilitation where Technical sanction has been issued, the estimated cost put to tender in the NIT shall be worked out based on the rates considered in the Technical sanction.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Structural rehabilitation is treated more strictly than general maintenance, for which DSR or prevailing market rates suffice, because the estimate rests on a designed scheme rather than on routine repair items. Note that Technical Sanction itself is required for <i>all<\/i> maintenance works under Para 10.3, including renovation, upgradation, aesthetic improvement, additions\/alterations and special or major repairs \u2014 the distinction here concerns only the basis of the ECPT.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 295,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 10: Preliminaries for Maintenance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where a maintenance work is not included in the approved annual works plan, it may be taken up by the Executive Engineer:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"only in the next financial year, after inclusion in the plan\",\n      \"at his own discretion, if the work is of a petty nature\",\n      \"after taking approval from the Superintending Engineer\/Chief Engineer or any other authority designated by the Directorate\",\n      \"only after obtaining a revised Administrative Approval from the user department\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.1<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>In case of any work which is not included in the Plan, Executive Engineer may take up the work after taking approval from SE\/CE\/ any other authority as designated by the Directorate.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The plan is therefore a priority-setting instrument rather than an absolute bar, priorities themselves being \\\"<i>decided based on the funds availability and urgency of the works<\/i>\\\". The same para also settles how such works are packaged: \\\"<i>Tenders for maintenance works shall be invited by the Engineer-in-Charge separately for each subdivision or jointly for one or more subdivisions as per requirement.<\/i>\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 296,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 10: Preliminaries for Maintenance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Tenders for maintenance works are required to be invited by the Engineer-in-Charge:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"only for the Division as a whole, in every case\",\n      \"separately for each Circle, and never for a sub-division\",\n      \"only where the annual works plan has been approved by the Director General\",\n      \"separately for each subdivision or jointly for one or more subdivisions, as per requirement\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.1<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Tenders for maintenance works shall be invited by the Engineer-in-Charge separately for each subdivision or jointly for one or more subdivisions as per requirement.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The flexibility allows the package to be sized to the maintenance load rather than to an administrative unit, and sits naturally with the comprehensive maintenance mode under Para 9.3, in which Civil, Electrical and Horticulture works are combined under a single contract. Approval of the annual works plan itself lies with the CE or SE, or any other authority designated by the CPWD Directorate \u2014 not with the Director General, which disposes of option (c).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 297,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 10: Preliminaries for Maintenance\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Composite tenders of comprehensive maintenance and development works which are predominantly of a horticulture nature can be called only from eligible enlisted horticulture contractors of the appropriate class. This is so where the horticulture component exceeds, and the value does not exceed, respectively:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"50% of the total estimated cost and Rs. 1.80 crore\",\n      \"50% of the total estimated cost and Rs. 1.00 crore\",\n      \"75% of the total estimated cost and Rs. 1.80 crore\",\n      \"60% of the total estimated cost and Rs. 2.50 crore\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 10.5(4)<\/b> \u2014 where the horticulture component is \\\"<i>more than 50% of the total estimated cost but not exceeding Rs. 1.80 crore or as intimated by the CPWD Directorate from time to time, the tenders can only be called from the eligible enlisted horticulture contractors of appropriate class<\/i>\\\".<br><br>Both tests must be satisfied together, so a predominantly horticultural package above Rs. 1.80 crore falls outside the restriction. The rule complements <b>Para 4.11(5)<\/b>, under which contractors of the Buildings & Roads category, though enlisted for building work and E&M services, are not eligible for tenders for exclusive horticulture work.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 298,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 12: Contract Management (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Prior approval from the Superintending Engineer\/Chief Engineer is required, with recorded reasons, when the completion cost of a maintenance work is likely to go beyond:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1.5 times the contract amount\",\n      \"1.25 times the contract amount\",\n      \"2 times the contract amount\",\n      \"1.1 times the contract amount\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 12.1(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Prior approval from SE\/CE is required when completion cost of work is likely to go beyond 1.25 times of contract amount with recorded reasons.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The scheme is graduated: the Engineer-in-Charge records reasons for deviation beyond the contract amount; at 1.25 times the case must go up to SE\/CE <i>in advance<\/i>; and 1.5 times, option (a), is the absolute ceiling on completion cost, subject additionally to 10% of the sanctioned cost for budgeted works. The word \\\"<i>prior<\/i>\\\" matters \u2014 approval sought after the cost has been incurred does not satisfy the provision.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 299,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 12: Contract Management (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For Deposit works, works on letter of authorization, and works of the Cabinet Secretariat executed through the Cash Settlement Suspense Account, the completion cost shall not exceed the Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction amount without:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the recorded reasons of the Engineer-in-Charge\",\n      \"the approval of the Chief Engineer\",\n      \"the prior approval of the user and the availability of funds\",\n      \"a revised Technical Sanction\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 12.1(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>For Deposit works, works on letter of authorization and works of cabinet secretariat through CSSA (Cash Suspense settlement Account), completion cost shall not exceed the A\/A & E\/S amount without prior approval of the user and availability of funds.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Both conditions must be satisfied \u2014 consent and money. The rule mirrors the construction side, where <b>Para 3.1.4(2)<\/b> states that \\\"<i>No excess expenditure over the A\/A & E\/S amount is permissible without approval of user<\/i>\\\" and Para 3.1.4(1) requires a revised estimate where expenditure exceeds 10% of A\/A & E\/S for Deposit works and works on letter of authorization.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 300,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 12: Contract Management (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"After the vacation of a quarter, photographs with geo-tagging of all the rooms, toilets and kitchen showing the present condition are to be taken and uploaded on the departmental portal by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Superintending Engineer\",\n      \"Executive Engineer\",\n      \"outgoing allottee\",\n      \"Junior Engineer\/Assistant Engineer\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 12.2(ii)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>After vacation of quarter, the photographs with geo-tagging of all the rooms, toilets, kitchen etc; showing the present condition, shall be taken and uploaded on E-Sewa\/ERP by JE\/AE.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Placing the duty at field level ensures the record is made by the officer who actually inspects the premises, and geo-tagging fixes the location beyond dispute. The record then feeds the requisition process for upgradation, addition\/alteration and major repair or renovation under Para 12.2(i), which follows SOP No. 12\/1, and is available to the inspecting team from the CE\/SE office under Para 12.3.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 301,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 12: Contract Management (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding deviation on the tendered amount in maintenance works:\\n1. The completion cost shall not exceed 1.5 times the contract amount and 10% of the sanctioned cost for budgeted works.\\n2. Prior approval of the Superintending Engineer or Chief Engineer is required when the completion cost is likely to go beyond 1.25 times the contract amount.\\n3. For deposit works and works on letter of authorization, the completion cost shall not exceed the Administrative Approval and Expenditure Sanction amount without the prior approval of the user and availability of funds.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 12.1(1)<\/b> contains the first two limbs, requiring in addition that \\\"<i>The Engineer-in-Charge shall record reasons for such deviation beyond the contract amount<\/i>\\\", the 1.25 times threshold being the point at which the decision moves above him.<br><br><b>Para 12.1(2)<\/b> supports statement 3 and extends the same discipline to works of the Cabinet Secretariat routed through the Cash Settlement Suspense Account. The two ceilings in statement 1 operate together rather than as alternatives, so a work satisfying one but breaching the other is not covered. Powers to sanction extra items and deviations are in the delegated financial powers.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 302,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 12: Contract Management (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A team from the Chief Engineer's or Superintending Engineer's office is required to inspect the records of a sub-division relating to maintenance requisitions and works at least:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"once in three months\",\n      \"once a year\",\n      \"once in six months\",\n      \"once a month\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 12.3(i)<\/b> \u2014 the team \\\"<i>shall inspect the sub-division atleast once in 03 months to inspect the records mentioned in SOP No. 12\/1 including any other records related to works and will submit report to the CE\/SE.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Two features are worth noting: the inspection is of a <i>sub-division<\/i> and its records, and the report goes back to the CE\/SE who deputed the team. Under Para 12.3(ii), \\\"<i>The team can take the feedback from the allottee, if required<\/i>\\\" \u2014 so the review is not confined to paper. The other periodicities in the options belong to the Audit Committees under Para 2.27.2.1 and the CTE return under Para 7.1.2(1).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 303,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 12: Contract Management (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The team constituted to review maintenance requisitions and inspect the records of a sub-division comprises:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the Executive Engineer and the Assistant Engineer of the sub-division concerned\",\n      \"the Executive Engineer (Planning)\/Assistant Engineer (Planning) from the Chief Engineer's or Superintending Engineer's office and a minimum of one Assistant Engineer from another Division under the jurisdiction of the Chief Engineer\/Superintending Engineer\",\n      \"two Junior Engineers nominated by the Executive Engineer of the Division\",\n      \"the Superintending Engineer and a representative of the Chief Controller of Accounts\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 12.3(i)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>A team comprising EE(P) \/ AE(P) from CE\/SE office and minimum 01 AE from other Division under jurisdiction of CE\/SE shall inspect the sub-division atleast once in 03 months.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The composition is deliberately external to the unit being inspected: a planning officer from the controlling office plus an Assistant Engineer drawn from a <i>different<\/i> Division, which is why option (a) fails \u2014 the sub-division's own officers cannot review their own records. The team reports to the CE\/SE and may take feedback from the allottee where required.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 304,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 12: Contract Management (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A budgeted maintenance work was sanctioned at Rs. 50 lakh and the contract was awarded for Rs. 40 lakh. The completion cost is now likely to reach Rs. 52 lakh. The correct course is that:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"no approval is needed, the figure being below 1.5 times the contract amount\",\n      \"the work must be stopped, the sanctioned cost having been exceeded\",\n      \"a revised Administrative Approval must be obtained from the user department\",\n      \"prior approval of the Superintending Engineer\/Chief Engineer is required, with recorded reasons\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 12.1(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Prior approval from SE\/CE is required when completion cost of work is likely to go beyond 1.25 times of contract amount with recorded reasons.<\/i>\\\" One and a quarter times Rs. 40 lakh is Rs. 50 lakh, and the anticipated Rs. 52 lakh crosses it.<br><br>The outer ceilings are still satisfied, which is why the first option is tempting but incomplete: completion cost \\\"<i>shall not exceed 1.5 times of contract amount and 10% of the sanctioned cost for budgeted works<\/i>\\\", giving limits of Rs. 60 lakh and Rs. 55 lakh respectively. Being within those limits does not dispense with the prior approval that the 1.25 trigger requires.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 305,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 12: Contract Management (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The completion cost of a maintenance work is subject to two outer limits, reckoned respectively against the contract amount and, for budgeted works, against the sanctioned cost. Those limits are:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1.25 times the contract amount, and 10% of the sanctioned cost\",\n      \"1.5 times the contract amount, and 5% of the sanctioned cost\",\n      \"2 times the contract amount, and 10% of the sanctioned cost\",\n      \"1.5 times the contract amount, and 10% of the sanctioned cost\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 12.1(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The completion cost of any maintenance work shall not exceed 1.5 times of contract amount and 10% of the sanctioned cost for budgeted works.<\/i>\\\" Both ceilings bind at once, so the lower of the two governs in any given case.<br><br>The figure of 1.25 times in the first option is real but is a trigger rather than a ceiling: \\\"<i>Prior approval from SE\/CE is required when completion cost of work is likely to go beyond 1.25 times of contract amount with recorded reasons.<\/i>\\\" Below that, the Engineer-in-Charge need only record reasons for deviation beyond the contract amount.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 306,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 14: Stores (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The procurement of goods and services is mandatory through the Government e-Market Place:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"for goods or services that are available on the Government e-Market Place\",\n      \"only for maintenance contracts\",\n      \"only with the prior approval of the Ministry of Finance\",\n      \"only for works costing above Rs. 50 crore\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 14.1<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Procurement of Goods and Services through GeM will be mandatory for Goods or Services available on GeM. The procuring authorities will certify the reasonability of rates. The GeM portal shall be utilized by the Government buyers for direct online purchases.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Availability on the portal is thus the trigger, and certification of rate reasonability remains a departmental duty even on GeM. The financial powers are those at Sl. No. 28(i) of Annexure-66A of SOP, and \\\"<i>The Rule 149 of GFR 2017 as amended from time to time, may be referred for purchases through GeM.<\/i>\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 307,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 14: Stores (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Purchases costing up to what amount can be made through a hand receipt, imprest or cash, without being counted towards the annual ceiling of the powers of purchase of materials?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 25,000\",\n      \"Rs. 5,000\",\n      \"Rs. 10,000\",\n      \"Rs. 50,000\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 14.2<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Purchases costing upto Rs. Five thousand can be made through Hand receipt\/Imprest\/Cash. Such purchase shall not count towards annual ceiling of powers of purchase of materials. For purchase of goods, relevant provisions of GFR 2017 shall be followed.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Two distinct concessions are packed into this \u2014 a simplified payment route, and exclusion from the annual ceiling. Rs. 25,000 in option (a) is a different limit altogether: the value up to which petty maintenance and repair <i>works<\/i> may be executed through hand receipts under Para 9.3.4, subject to an annual ceiling of Rs. 10 lac per Division.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 308,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 14: Stores (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below:\\n\\nList-I (Recipient \/ type of contract)\\nA. A private firm\\nB. A State or Central Government agency or a Public Sector Undertaking\\nC. A maintenance contract\\n\\nList-II (Maximum advance payment)\\n1. 40% of the contract value\\n2. Amount payable for six months under the contract\\n3. 30% of the contract value\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-2\",\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1\",\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2\",\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 14.4(2)<\/b> \u2014 advance payments \\\"<i>should not exceed the following limits:- (i) 30% of contract value to private firm. (ii) 40% of contract value to a State or Central Government agency or a PSU; or (iii) In case of maintenance contract, the amount should not exceed the amount payable for six months under the contract.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>So A\u21923, B\u21921, C\u21922. The higher ceiling for a Government agency or PSU reflects lower counterparty risk. Under Para 14.4(3), \\\"<i>While making advance payment as above, adequate safeguards in form of bank guarantee etc. should be obtained from the firm.<\/i>\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 309,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 14: Stores (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the acquisition and purchase of stores:\\n1. Stipulation of material in contracts has since been stopped, so the need for purchase of stores does not ordinarily arise.\\n2. The Technical Sanction authority may decide the eligibility criteria and terms and conditions for purchase of material for departmental maintenance works or contingent items.\\n3. Procurement through the Government e-Market Place is mandatory for goods or services available on that portal.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 14.0<\/b> supports statements 1 and 2 \u2014 stipulation of material in contracts \\\"<i>has since been stopped in CPWD works<\/i>\\\", and \\\"<i>The T\/S authority may decide the eligibility criteria & Terms and Conditions for purchase of material for departmental maintenance works or for contingent items<\/i>\\\" by taking guidance from the Ministry of Finance document on procurement of goods.<br><br><b>Para 14.1<\/b> supports statement 3. Note the division of labour between the two paragraphs: <b>Para 14.2<\/b> places the same decision on eligibility criteria with the Engineer-in-Charge where purchase is through tenders or quotations, so the deciding officer turns on the route of purchase.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 310,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 14: Stores (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Central Public Works Department officers are authorized to make advance payments to firms for the supply of stores, up to the limit of their respective powers of acceptance of tenders, up to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"50% of the value\",\n      \"75% of the value\",\n      \"100% of the value\",\n      \"90% of the value\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 14.5.1<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The CPWD officers are authorized to make advance payments upto 90% to the firms for supply of stores upto the limit of their respective powers of acceptance of tenders as per 'Financial Powers Delegated to CPWD Officers'. The procedure for advance payments is given in SOP 14\/1.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>This 90% ceiling for <i>supply of stores<\/i> must be kept apart from the general advance limits in Para 14.4(2) \u2014 30% to a private firm, 40% to a Government agency or PSU, and six months' contract value for a maintenance contract. The 75% in option (b) is the ad-hoc running-account payment to contractors under Para 5.18.1(B).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 311,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 14: Stores (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"All materials procured, including horticulture materials and plants, are required to be examined, counted or measured during delivery and accounted for in which register?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the Material at Site account register\",\n      \"the Register of Buildings\",\n      \"the Measurement Book only\",\n      \"the Register of Dismantled Materials\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 14.7<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>All the materials (including horticulture materials, plants etc.) procured should be examined, counted or measured during its delivery and accounted for in the Material at Site (MAS) account register. For procedure refer SOP 14\/2.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The MAS account is one of the three store accounts subject to annual physical verification under Para 14.12, the others being the Dismantled Material Account and the T & P account. The Register of Dismantled Materials in option (d) serves the opposite flow \u2014 under <b>Para 15.1(3)<\/b> it records dismantled materials <i>having salvage value<\/i> arising from maintenance works.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 312,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 14: Stores (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A physical verification of the stores, comprising the Material at Site account, the Dismantled Material account and the Tools and Plant account, is required to be undertaken at least:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"once in six months\",\n      \"once a year\",\n      \"once in two years\",\n      \"once a quarter\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 14.12<\/b> \u2014 such verification \\\"<i>should be undertaken by the authority who is next higher to the authority responsible for the custody of the stores. The verification should be carried out at least once in a year in the presence of the authority responsible for the custody of the stores or of a person deputed by him\/her. A certificate of verification along with the findings shall be recorded in the registers.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The independence requirement \u2014 verification by the <i>next higher<\/i> authority, in the presence of the custodian \u2014 is as examinable as the periodicity. Discrepancies, including shortages, damages and unserviceable goods, must be identified and action taken for disposal, with a report to the next higher authority.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 313,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 14: Stores (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Which one of the following statements about the handling of stores is NOT correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Purchases costing up to Rs. 5,000 can be made through hand receipt, imprest or cash\",\n      \"Procurement of goods and services is mandatory through the Government e-Market Place where they are available on it\",\n      \"Government property, both movable and immovable, should normally be insured by the department\",\n      \"A physical verification of stores should be carried out at least once in a year\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"The incorrect statement is the third.<br><br><b>Para 14.6.1<\/b> states the opposite: \\\"<i>The Government property, both movable and immovable, should <b>not<\/b> normally be insured. No subordinate authority, therefore, shall undertake any liability or incur any expenditure in connection with the insurance of such property without prior consent of the Ministry of Finance in the case of immovable property, and the Director General, CPWD in the case of movable property.<\/i>\\\" Note the split consent \u2014 Ministry of Finance for immovable, DG, CPWD for movable. The other three statements reproduce Paras 14.2, 14.1 and 14.12 respectively.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 314,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 14: Stores (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following statements regarding losses on stores and the powers to write them off are correct?\\n1. The relevant rules prescribed in the General Financial Rules, 2017 are to be followed in dealing with losses on stores and their write off.\\n2. The powers of the various authorities in regard to sale, disposal and write off of stores are given in the Financial Powers Delegated to CPWD Officers.\\n3. After the disposal of stores of which value accounts are kept, the authority issuing the orders is to determine and intimate the net amount to be written off to the Audit or Accounts Officer concerned.\\n4. The amount so written off is booked to the head Major Head 2059 Public Works, Minor Works \u2014 Losses on Stock.\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Only two\",\n      \"Only three\",\n      \"All four\",\n      \"Only one\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"All four are supported.<br><br><b>Para 14.10<\/b> refers losses on stores and their write off to the General Financial Rules, 2017.<br><br><b>Para 14.11(1)<\/b> places the powers of sale, disposal and write off in the Financial Powers Delegated to CPWD Officers.<br><br><b>Para 14.11(2)<\/b> supplies both the intimation duty and the head of account \u2014 the authority \\\"<i>should, after the disposal of stores of which value accounts are kept, determine and intimate to the Audit\/Accounts Officer concerned the net amount to be written off to the final head (MH 2059 PW Minor Works-Losses on Stock).<\/i>\\\" The intimation matters because the write-off closes the value account.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 315,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 14: Stores (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The procurement of goods is required to follow the Procurement Policy notified under the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006, which provides for:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"a price preference to the lowest bidder in every case\",\n      \"procurement exclusively through a Global Tender Enquiry\",\n      \"exemption from earnest money for all bidders\",\n      \"reserved items and a purchase preference to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 14.3<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) has notified Procurement Policy under section 11 of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006. The Policy shall be followed for procurement of goods<\/i>\\\", the heading itself being \\\"<i>Reserved Items and Preference to Medium and Small-Scale Industries (MSMEs)<\/i>\\\".<br><br>A parallel preference regime operates for domestic industry under <b>Para 16.6<\/b>, where purchase preference is given to local suppliers under the Public Procurement (Preference to Make in India) Policy issued pursuant to Rule 153(iii) of GFR 2017. Option (b) is the reverse of Para 4.5.4, which bars GTE for tenders up to Rs. 200 crore.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 316,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 14: Stores (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"As a general principle, payments for services rendered or supplies made should ordinarily be released:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"only after the services have been rendered or the supplies made\",\n      \"in full before the supplies are made\",\n      \"as a 90% advance in all cases\",\n      \"only against a bank guarantee\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 14.4(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>As per Rule 172 (1) of GFR 2017, ordinarily payments for services rendered or supplies made should be released only after the services have been rendered or supplies made.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The exceptions are narrow and enumerated: advance payment demanded by firms holding maintenance contracts for servicing of air-conditioners, computers and other costly equipment, and advance payment demanded against fabrication contracts, turnkey contracts and the like. Even then the limits in Para 14.4(2) apply, and \\\"<i>adequate safeguards in form of bank guarantee etc. should be obtained from the firm<\/i>\\\" \u2014 so option (d) describes a safeguard, not the general rule.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 317,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 14: Stores (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the case of loss of or damage to stores in transit where the stores have been insured by the supplier, the matter is to be taken up with an insurer which should invariably be a:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"local body-approved insurer\",\n      \"nationalized insurance company or corporation\",\n      \"Central Public Works Department insurance fund\",\n      \"private insurer of the supplier's choice\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 14.6.2<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>In case of loss or damage to stores in transit where the stores have been insured by the supplier against such risks, he\/she will take up the matter with the insurer which should invariably be a nationalized insurance company\/corporation and recover the loss from them. The indentor will be responsible for payment of stores actually received by the consignee.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Two consequences follow: the supplier, not the department, pursues the claim, and the department pays only for what is actually received. For GeM supplies the same para requires the supplier to deliver goods in good condition and to be asked well in advance for insurance under intimation to GeM.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 318,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 14: Stores (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"All of the following statements regarding the receipt, custody and verification of stores are correct, EXCEPT:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"materials procured, including horticulture materials and plants, are to be examined, counted or measured during delivery and accounted for in the Material at Site account register\",\n      \"the Assistant Engineer, or the Junior Engineer where no Assistant Engineer is available, is responsible for arrangements for the safe custody of stores\",\n      \"articles of stock not likely to be required during the following months are to be reported to the Engineer-in-Charge for orders on their disposal or transfer\",\n      \"the report of stocktaking and physical verification is to be retained in the Division and need not be sent to any higher authority\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"The fourth option contradicts the closing direction of <b>Para 14.12<\/b>: \\\"<i>Report about required stocktaking and physical verification and certification thereof should be sent to the next higher authority for further action.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The whole design of the verification is upward-looking \u2014 it is conducted by the authority next above the custodian and reported a step further up, so retention within the Division would defeat it. The remaining options reproduce <b>Paras 14.7, 14.8 and 14.9<\/b> respectively, the procedure for accounting of received materials being detailed in SOP 14\/2.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 319,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 14: Stores (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The responsibility for ensuring that proper arrangements are made for the safe custody of stores, and for their protection from deterioration and fire, rests with the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Executive Engineer of the Division\",\n      \"Superintending Engineer of the Circle\",\n      \"Assistant Engineer, or the Junior Engineer where no Assistant Engineer is available\",\n      \"storekeeper appointed for the maintenance store\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 14.8<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Assistant Engineer (Junior Engineer where no AE is available) is responsible to ensure that proper arrangements are made for the safe custody of stores and for their protection from deterioration and fire.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Placing custody at this level fits the verification scheme in <b>Para 14.12<\/b>, under which physical verification is done by \\\"<i>the authority who is next higher to the authority responsible for the custody of the stores<\/i>\\\", in the custodian's presence. It also connects with <b>Para 14.9<\/b>, under which stock not likely to be required during the following months is reported to the Engineer-in-Charge for disposal or transfer to other Divisions.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 320,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 14: Stores (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"After the disposal of stores of which value accounts are kept, the authority issuing orders under the delegated financial powers is required to determine and intimate to the Audit\/Accounts Officer concerned the net amount to be written off to the final head:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"\\\"059 Public Works \u2014 Miscellaneous Receipts\\\"\",\n      \"\\\"2216 Housing \u2014 Government Residential Buildings\\\"\",\n      \"\\\"Suspense \u2014 Stock\\\"\",\n      \"\\\"2059 PW Minor Works \u2014 Losses on Stock\\\"\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 14.11(2)<\/b> \u2014 the authority issuing orders under \\\"<i>Financial Powers delegated to CPWD officers<\/i>\\\" should, \\\"<i>after the disposal of stores of which value accounts are kept, determine and intimate to the Audit\/Accounts Officer concerned the net amount to be written off to the final head (MH 2059 PW Minor Works-Losses on Stock).<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The word \\\"<i>net<\/i>\\\" matters \u2014 sale proceeds are set off before write-off. Under <b>Para 14.10<\/b>, \\\"<i>The relevant rules prescribed in GFR 2017 shall be followed while dealing with the cases of losses on stores and their write off<\/i>\\\", and the powers of the various authorities as regards sale, disposal and write-off are in the delegation.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 321,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 14: Stores (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"An advance payment is sought against a fabrication contract valued at Rs. 6 crore. If the contract is held by a Public Sector Undertaking, the maximum advance payable exceeds that payable to a private firm by:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Rs. 60 lakh\",\n      \"Rs. 1.80 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 2.40 crore\",\n      \"Rs. 30 lakh\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 14.4(2)<\/b> limits advance payments to \\\"<i>30% of contract value to private firm<\/i>\\\" and \\\"<i>40% of contract value to a State or Central Government agency or a PSU<\/i>\\\". On Rs. 6 crore the two ceilings are Rs. 1.80 crore and Rs. 2.40 crore, a difference of Rs. 60 lakh.<br><br>The higher ceiling for a Government agency or PSU reflects the lower counterparty risk. The concession is not unconditional: under sub-para (3), \\\"<i>While making advance payment as above, adequate safeguards in form of bank guarantee etc. should be obtained from the firm.<\/i>\\\" A maintenance contract is capped differently, by six months' payment rather than by a percentage.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 322,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 14: Stores (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The physical verification of the stores accounts is required to be carried out by the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Executive Engineer of the Division in every case\",\n      \"authority next higher to the authority responsible for the custody of the stores\",\n      \"Superintending Engineer of the Circle in every case\",\n      \"Quality Assurance unit of the Region\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 14.12<\/b> \u2014 verification \\\"<i>should be undertaken by the authority who is next higher to the authority responsible for the custody of the stores<\/i>\\\", and is to be carried out \\\"<i>in the presence of the authority responsible for the custody of the stores or of a person deputed by him\/her<\/i>\\\".<br><br>Independence is therefore built in twice over: a higher authority verifies, but never behind the custodian's back. Custody itself rests at field level under <b>Para 14.8<\/b>, where the Assistant Engineer, or the Junior Engineer where no AE is available, is responsible for safe custody and protection from deterioration and fire \u2014 so the verifying authority is the officer immediately above him.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 323,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 15: Miscellaneous (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Dismantled materials arising from maintenance works that have salvage value are required to be accounted for in the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Register of Dismantled Materials\",\n      \"Register of Buildings\",\n      \"Material at Site account register\",\n      \"Measurement Book\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 15.1(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>For other dismantled materials having salvage value arising out of such works, these should be accounted for in the Register of Dismantled Materials, and disposed off or re-used as the case may be.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The register therefore captures only materials with realisable value; those of negligible or no salvage value are dealt with under Para 15.1(2). The Dismantled Material Account is one of the three accounts subject to annual physical verification under <b>Para 14.12<\/b>. The Material at Site account register in option (c) records materials <i>procured<\/i> and received, under Para 14.7 \u2014 the opposite direction of flow.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 324,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 15: Miscellaneous (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Materials which are likely to deteriorate within a short time, if not usable, should be disposed off at intervals of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"every one year\",\n      \"every six months or in lesser intervals, as per the quantity available\",\n      \"every three months\",\n      \"every two years\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 15.2(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Engineer-in-Charge should not store for long the materials which are likely to deteriorate within a short time. In case the dismantled materials are not usable, they will be disposed off in every six months or in lesser intervals as per the quantity available. In other cases, the dismantled materials will be utilized first before use of new materials.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The last sentence is easily missed and frequently tested: usable dismantled material must be consumed <i>before<\/i> new material is drawn. For material generated continuously through maintenance, Para 15.2(2) is stricter still \u2014 it \\\"<i>shall be done immediately<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 325,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 15: Miscellaneous (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A Register of Buildings, kept up to date, is required to be maintained by:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the Circle office only\",\n      \"the Chief Engineer's office only\",\n      \"every Division\",\n      \"the Directorate of Estates only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 15.3<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Every Division shall maintain a Register of Buildings and keep it upto date. The instructions regarding maintaining the Register of Buildings are given in SOP 15\/1.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The obligation is divisional, which is consistent with the Division being the executive unit headed by the Divisional Officer under the <b>Definitions<\/b>. Note that this register is a maintenance-side asset record and does <i>not<\/i> appear among the five mandatory accounting documents in <b>Para 2.1<\/b> \u2014 Bills Register, Contractor's ledger, Register of works, Materials Account and Cash Book \u2014 a distinction commonly exploited in consider-the-following sets.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 326,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 15: Miscellaneous (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding dismantled and unserviceable materials arising from maintenance works:\\n1. Unserviceable dismantled materials of negligible or no salvage value need not be taken into the dismantled materials account.\\n2. The Junior Engineer, Assistant Engineer and Executive Engineer are to exercise a check on the quantum of materials dismantled with reference to the normal consumption pattern.\\n3. Dismantled materials are to be used only after all new materials procured for the work have been consumed.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 15.1(2)<\/b> supports statements 1 and 2, the consumption-pattern check being the substitute safeguard where no account is maintained.<br><br>Statement 3 inverts <b>Para 15.2(1)<\/b>, which directs that \\\"<i>the dismantled materials will be utilized first before use of new materials<\/i>\\\" \u2014 reversing the order would leave the salvaged stock to deteriorate, which is precisely the mischief the paragraph guards against. The same sub-para requires that materials likely to deteriorate within a short time not be stored for long, and that unusable dismantled materials be disposed of every six months or at shorter intervals as the quantity warrants.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 327,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 15: Miscellaneous (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Prior approval for the demolition of general pool residential and office accommodation buildings is required from the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Chief Engineer of the Region\",\n      \"Ministry of Finance\",\n      \"Central Public Works Department Directorate\",\n      \"Directorate of Estates, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 15.3.2<\/b> \u2014 an unsafe building decided to be demolished \\\"<i>should be survey reported and disposed off without land by auction under the powers vested in competent authorities as indicated in 'Financial Powers Delegated to CPWD Officers'. Prior approval shall be taken from the Directorate of Estates, MoHUA for demolition of GPRA\/GPOA buildings which are in the records of DOE, MoHUA.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The consent requirement follows ownership of the record, not engineering judgment. It parallels <b>Para 8.4(5)<\/b>, under which, for buildings not owned by CPWD or DOE, approval of disposal is taken from the owner or user, and Para 8.4(6) for buildings of other departments.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 328,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 15: Miscellaneous (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Unserviceable dismantled materials of negligible or no salvage value, such as electrical lamps and tubes, PVC fittings and broken vitreous china sanitary fixtures:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"may not be taken in the dismantled materials account and may be disposed off by any suitable method following the General Financial Rules provisions\",\n      \"must be accounted for in the Register of Buildings\",\n      \"must be sold by auction in every case\",\n      \"must be retained for at least one year before disposal\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 15.1(2)<\/b> \u2014 such materials arising out of departmental maintenance of works \\\"<i>may not to be taken in the dismantled materials account, and these shall be disposed off by any suitable method by following GFR provisions.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>A control nevertheless remains: \\\"<i>The Junior Engineer\/Assistant Engineer\/Executive Engineer shall exercise a check on the quantum of materials dismantled from their normal consumption pattern<\/i>\\\" \u2014 that is, abnormal quantities are to be questioned even where no account is kept. Materials that <i>do<\/i> have salvage value go into the Register of Dismantled Materials under Para 15.1(3) and are disposed off or re-used.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 329,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 15: Miscellaneous (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:\\nList-I (Register or record)\\nA. Register of Buildings\\nB. Register of Dismantled Materials\\nC. Material at Site account register\\nList-II (Contents)\\n1. Materials procured, examined, counted or measured during delivery\\n2. Dismantled materials having salvage value arising out of maintenance works\\n3. Maintained and kept up to date by every Division as prescribed in the Standard Operating Procedure\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-1, B-2, C-3\",\n      \"A-2, B-3, C-1\",\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1\",\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 15.3<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Every Division shall maintain a Register of Buildings and keep it upto date<\/i>\\\", the instructions being in SOP 15\/1, which gives A-3.<br><br><b>Para 15.1(3)<\/b> requires dismantled materials having salvage value to be \\\"<i>accounted for in the Register of Dismantled Materials, and disposed off or re-used as the case may be<\/i>\\\", giving B-2.<br><br><b>Para 14.7<\/b> requires materials procured to be \\\"<i>examined, counted or measured during its delivery and accounted for in the Material at Site (MAS) account register<\/i>\\\", giving C-1. The distinction to hold on to is that one register records what comes in and another what comes out of a structure.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 330,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 15: Miscellaneous (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"All buildings, structures and services are required to be inspected regularly, and particularly after any natural calamity or sabotage activity, to ensure that they are:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"entered in the Register of Dismantled Materials\",\n      \"safe and functional for use\",\n      \"insured against damage\",\n      \"structurally identical to the original design\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 15.3.1<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>All buildings \/ structures \/ Services shall be inspected regularly and particularly after any Natural calamity such as earthquake, floods, fire hazards or any sabotage activities etc. to ensure that the buildings \/ structures \/ services are safe and functional for use. The duties of various officers and procedure for inspection of buildings are given in SOP 15\/2.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Both limbs matter \u2014 safety and functionality. Option (c) runs against <b>Para 14.6.1<\/b>, under which Government property, movable and immovable, \\\"<i>should not normally be insured<\/i>\\\" without the prior consent of the Ministry of Finance or DG, CPWD as the case may be.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 331,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 15: Miscellaneous (Maintenance)\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Unserviceable or dismantled material generated during the continuous maintenance process should be:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"retained permanently in the maintenance store\",\n      \"stored for at least one year before disposal\",\n      \"disposed of immediately, and not stored for long\",\n      \"transferred to the client department\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 15.2(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>lot of Unserviceable\/ Dismantled material is generated during the continuous maintenance process should not be stored for long and should be disposed immediately. Such Unserviceable Stores\/ Dismantled material when stored for longer duration gets deteriorated and loses its worth. Hence, disposal of such Unserviceable\/ Dismantled material shall be done immediately.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The reasoning is expressly economic \u2014 value erodes with storage. This is a stricter standard than the six-monthly cycle in Para 15.2(1) for materials likely to deteriorate within a short time, and the disposal route is that in Para 15.2(3): e-auction, sealed quotations or any other suitable method.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 332,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"It has been made mandatory that new projects undertaken by the Central Public Works Department costing Rs. 50 crore and above shall obtain at least:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Green Level Certification of GHAR based on the CPWD Green Rating Manual 2021\",\n      \"a 5 star Green building certification\",\n      \"an Energy Conservation and Sustainable Building Code compliance certificate\",\n      \"a 3 star or equivalent Green building certification\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 16.0<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>It has been made mandatory that new projects undertaken by CPWD costing Rs. 50 crore and above shall obtain at least 3 star or equivalent Green building certification. The certification body and target rating level shall be decided by SE & above level officer.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Salient Feature 42 states the same: green building certification \\\"<i>shall be mandatory for works costing Rs. 50 Cr. or above<\/i>\\\", the certification body and target rating being decided at SE level or above. Option (c) is a different obligation altogether \u2014 ECSBC compliance under <b>Para 16.7.1<\/b> is keyed to a connected load of 100 KW or above in non-residential buildings, not to project value.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 333,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For masonry work of non-structural members in buildings having a height of more than 15 metres, which material shall be used?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Autoclaved Aerated Concrete blocks\",\n      \"burnt clay bricks\",\n      \"fly ash bricks only\",\n      \"stone masonry\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 16.3<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Fly ash bricks\/blocks from C & D waste\/ AAC blocks will be used in order of preference, for buildings of height less than 15 mtrs. For buildings having height more than 15 mtrs, AAC blocks shall be used.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The 15-metre line reflects the weight advantage of AAC in taller structures. Burnt clay bricks in option (b) are precisely what the provision displaces \u2014 fly ash bricks\/blocks from recycled C & D waste and AAC blocks \\\"<i>are to be used mandatorily in masonry work for non structural members in place of burnt clay bricks<\/i>\\\" in Delhi NCR, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Surat.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 334,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"With reference to the Skill India Policy, consider the following statements:\\n1. For works costing more than Rs. 50 crore and up to Rs. 100 crore, onsite training shall be imparted to at least 10% of the unskilled workers engaged in the project.\\n2. For works costing more than Rs. 100 crore, training shall be imparted to 20% of the unskilled labour.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 only\",\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\n      \"2 only\",\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 16.5<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>for works costing more than Rs. 50 Crore and upto Rs. 100 Crore or as decided from time to time by the Directorate, necessary onsite training shall be imparted to at least 10% of the unskilled workers engaged in the project as per National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) norms. For works costing more than 100 crore, training shall be imparted to 20% of the unskilled labour.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Both statements are therefore correct. The obligation is contractual in operation: \\\"<i>Suitable provisions are to be made in the contract by the NIT approving authority as per directions issued by the Directorate from time to time and uploaded on CPWD website.<\/i>\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 335,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding green building certification:\\n1. New projects costing Rs. 50 crore and above are required mandatorily to obtain at least 3-star or equivalent green building certification.\\n2. The certification body and the target rating level are to be decided by an officer of the level of Superintending Engineer and above.\\n3. All new works are to have provisions of green buildings, energy efficiency, sustainability measures and barrier free accessible constructions.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"All three reproduce <b>Para 16.0<\/b>.<br><br>The paragraph works at two levels: the requirement of green, energy-efficient, sustainable and barrier-free provisions attaches to every new work regardless of cost, while the mandatory certification is triggered only at Rs. 50 crore and above \u2014 so statement 3 is not an overstatement of statement 1 but a separate and wider obligation. The certification requirement is expressed as a floor and admits equivalent rating systems, the choice of body and level being left to Superintending Engineer level and above. Guidelines issued by MoHUA and the Directorate are available on the CPWD website.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 336,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"New and emerging technologies are required to be used for:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"all works, irrespective of project costs and locations\",\n      \"all works costing more than Rs. 100 crore only\",\n      \"all Engineering, Procurement and Construction works undertaken by the Department\",\n      \"all maintenance and repair works only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 16.1<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>New and Emerging technologies are to be used for all EPC works undertaken by CPWD. In this connection directions have been issued by the MoHUA and CPWD Directorate from time to time which are to be followed. Any one of such technology can be adopted in the works. In case, it is not being implemented, exemption will be obtained from DG, CPWD.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The link with EPC is structural: under <b>Para 4.8(10)<\/b> the NIT approving authority selects one of the notified technology tables, from which the contractor opts in Modes I and II, while in Mode III the prescribed technology is incorporated in the NIT as approved by ADG\/SDG.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 337,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Under the Public Procurement (Preference to Make in India) Policy, purchase preference in procurements is to be given to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the lowest bidder in every case\",\n      \"foreign suppliers offering the latest technology\",\n      \"Public Sector Undertakings only\",\n      \"local suppliers\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 16.6<\/b> \u2014 the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, \\\"<i>pursuant to Rule 153(iii) of the GFR 2017, have issued orders for procurement through local suppliers. As per the provisions of these orders, purchase preference shall be given to local suppliers in all procurements undertaken by procuring entities in the manner specified in the said orders.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The object is \\\"<i>to encourage Make in India and promote manufacturing and production of goods and services in India with a view to enhancing income and employment<\/i>\\\". A parallel preference for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises operates under <b>Para 14.3<\/b> through the policy notified under section 11 of the MSMED Act, 2006.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 338,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:\\nList-I (Requirement)\\nA. Minimum ECSBC compliance\\nB. Minimum ENS compliance\\nC. At least 3-star or equivalent green building certification\\nList-II (Applicability)\\n1. New residential buildings or complexes with a connected load of 100 KW or above, or a plot area of 3000 square metres or more, whichever is more stringent\\n2. New projects costing Rs. 50 crore and above\\n3. New non-residential buildings or complexes with a connected load of 100 KW or above\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-2\",\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2\",\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-3\",\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 16.7.1<\/b> applies the Energy Conservation and Sustainable Building Code 2024 to non-residential buildings at the 100 KW load threshold, giving A-3.<br><br><b>Para 16.7.3<\/b> applies the Eco Niwas Samhita 2024 to residential buildings on the load-or-plot-area test resolved \\\"<i>whichever is more stringent<\/i>\\\", giving B-1.<br><br><b>Para 16.0<\/b> ties the 3-star certification to project cost, giving C-2. The three requirements are triggered by three different measures \u2014 building use with connected load, building use with load or plot area, and project cost \u2014 so they can and often will apply to the same project simultaneously.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 339,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Fly ash bricks or blocks from recycled Construction and Demolition waste, or Autoclaved Aerated Concrete blocks, are required to be used mandatorily in masonry work for non-structural members in place of burnt clay bricks in works located in:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"specified cities, namely the Delhi National Capital Region, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Surat\",\n      \"hilly and coastal regions only\",\n      \"all rural areas only\",\n      \"earthquake-prone seismic zones only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 16.3<\/b> \u2014 such use is mandatory \\\"<i>for works in Delhi NCR, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Surat.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Elsewhere the obligation is conditional: \\\"<i>In other places where such materials are available, these should be used in the works as per feasibility.<\/i>\\\" Within the notified cities the choice of material still depends on height \u2014 fly ash bricks\/blocks from C & D waste or AAC blocks in order of preference below 15 metres, and AAC blocks above 15 metres. Directions issued by the CPWD Directorate from time to time on this subject are uploaded on the CPWD website and are to be followed.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 340,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"As per the general guidelines, all new works undertaken by the Central Public Works Department shall have provisions of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"only rooftop solar power generation\",\n      \"Green Buildings, Energy Efficiency, Sustainability Measures and Barrier Free Accessible constructions\",\n      \"only fly ash bricks and recycled materials\",\n      \"only rainwater harvesting systems\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 16.0<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>All new works will have the provisions of Green Buildings, Energy Efficiency, Sustainability Measures and Barrier Free Accessible constructions.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The four heads are cumulative, not alternatives, which is why each of the single-item options fails. The para adds that \\\"<i>Guidelines and norms for Green Buildings, Sustainability Measures, Pollution Control and Barrier Free accessibility issued by MoHUA and CPWD from time to time shall be followed which are available on CPWD website<\/i>\\\". Alongside these general provisions sits the specific mandate of at least 3 star or equivalent green certification for new projects costing Rs. 50 crore and above.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 341,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"All works are required to have provisions for the control of pollution caused by:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"industrial effluents from nearby factories\",\n      \"vehicular traffic on adjoining public roads\",\n      \"construction and demolition activities, concrete batch mixing plants and dust from various activities\",\n      \"agricultural stubble burning in surrounding areas\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 16.4<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>All works shall have provisions of pollution control caused by construction and demolition activities, concrete batch mixing plants and dust from various activities. Guidelines and directions have been issued in this regard from time to time by the MoEF\/ MoHUA\/ CPWD Directorate which are available on CPWD website and are to be followed.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The sources named are those generated <i>by the work itself<\/i>, which is why the external sources in the other options fall outside the provision. Salient Feature 6 records that dust and pollution control measures in construction, as notified by the CPWD Directorate, have been made part of the Manual.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 342,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following statements are correct?\\n1. Fly ash bricks or blocks from recycled construction and demolition waste, or AAC blocks, are to be used mandatorily in masonry work for non-structural members in eight specified cities or areas.\\n2. For buildings having a height of more than 15 metres, AAC blocks are to be used.\\n3. On-site training is to be imparted to at least 10% of the unskilled workers for works costing more than Rs. 50 crore and up to Rs. 100 crore.\\n4. On-site training is to be imparted to 20% of the unskilled labour for works costing more than Rs. 100 crore.\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Only two\",\n      \"Only three\",\n      \"All four\",\n      \"Only one\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"All four are correct.<br><br><b>Para 16.3<\/b> supports the first two, naming Delhi NCR, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Surat, applying the order-of-preference rule below 15 metres and requiring AAC blocks above that height.<br><br><b>Para 16.5<\/b> supports statements 3 and 4, the training being as per National Skill Development Corporation norms with suitable provisions made in the contract by the NIT approving authority. The two obligations share a design: a mandate in defined conditions, scaling with the size or location of the work rather than applying uniformly.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 343,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"To encourage green and sustainable development, the use of which of the following materials and products is directed, subject to quality control, in Central Public Works Department works?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"only virgin natural aggregates\",\n      \"only imported building materials\",\n      \"only burnt clay bricks\",\n      \"recycled Construction and Demolition waste material and products\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 16.2<\/b> \u2014 MoHUA and the CPWD Directorate \\\"<i>have issued directions for use of recycled C & D Waste material in CPWD works, subject to quality control, meeting relevant standards and specifications and feasibility for its use.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Implementation is contractual and reported: \\\"<i>Suitable clauses and items of recycled products are to be incorporated in the contract document by the NIT approving authority<\/i>\\\", and \\\"<i>The compliance plan and report of utilization of C&D waste\/ recycled products \/ materials shall be submitted to the concerned authorities and DDG (Works), Directorate General CPWD.<\/i>\\\" Burnt clay bricks in option (c) are the very material displaced by Para 16.3.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 344,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"For buildings having a height of less than 15 metres, which material is to be used, in order of preference, for masonry work of non-structural members in place of burnt clay bricks?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"fly ash bricks\/blocks from recycled Construction and Demolition waste, or Autoclaved Aerated Concrete blocks\",\n      \"natural stone masonry\",\n      \"Autoclaved Aerated Concrete blocks only\",\n      \"reinforced cement concrete\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 16.3<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The Fly ash bricks\/blocks from C & D waste\/ AAC blocks will be used in order of preference, for buildings of height less than 15 mtrs. For buildings having height more than 15 mtrs, AAC blocks shall be used.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Below 15 metres a preference order therefore operates, whereas above 15 metres AAC blocks are prescribed exclusively \u2014 which is why option (c) is right only for the taller category. The requirement applies to <i>non-structural<\/i> members, and is mandatory in the eight notified cities, with use elsewhere \\\"<i>as per feasibility<\/i>\\\" where such materials are available.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 345,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"All new non-residential, that is commercial or office, buildings or building complexes to be constructed by the Central Public Works Department that have a connected load of 100 KW or above shall be minimum compliant with:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the Eco Niwas Samhita 2024\",\n      \"the Energy Conservation and Sustainable Building Code 2024\",\n      \"the CPWD Green Rating Manual 2021\",\n      \"the National Building Code, Part 8\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 16.7.1<\/b> \u2014 such buildings \\\"<i>shall be Minimum ECSBC compliant as per Energy Conservation and Sustainable Building code 2024, as amended time to time, issued by Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Power, Govt. of India.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The Eco Niwas Samhita 2024 in option (a) is the companion code, but it applies to <b>residential<\/b> buildings under Para 16.7.3 \u2014 that is the intended trap. Under Para 16.7.2 the TS\/NIT approving authority \\\"<i>may aim for higher Performance levels ECSBC+ Building or super ECSBC Building as per the approval of owner organization and availability of funds<\/i>\\\". These guidelines apply from 1st July 2026.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 346,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"All of the following statements regarding green and sustainable construction measures are correct, EXCEPT:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the compliance plan and report of utilisation of construction and demolition waste is to be submitted to the concerned authorities and to the Deputy Director General (Works)\",\n      \"new and emerging technologies are to be used for all Engineering, Procurement and Construction works, exemption being obtained from the Director General where none is implemented\",\n      \"suitable clauses and items of recycled products are to be incorporated in the contract document by the Engineer-in-Charge after the award of the contract\",\n      \"purchase preference is to be given to local suppliers in all procurements, in the manner specified in the orders issued for the purpose\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"The third option shifts both the authority and the stage.<br><br><b>Para 16.2<\/b> requires such clauses to be incorporated \\\"<i>in the contract document by the NIT approving authority<\/i>\\\", which must necessarily precede the award \u2014 once the contract is concluded, its terms are no longer open to the Engineer-in-Charge. The remaining options are drawn from <b>Paras 16.2, 16.1 and 16.6<\/b> respectively, the last resting on orders issued pursuant to Rule 153(iii) of the General Financial Rules, 2017 to promote Make in India.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 347,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"All new residential buildings or building complexes constructed by the Central Public Works Department are required to be minimum Eco Niwas Samhita compliant where they have:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"a connected load of 100 KW or above only\",\n      \"a plot area of 3000 square metres or more only\",\n      \"a connected load of 100 KW or above, or a plot area of 3000 square metres or more, whichever is more stringent\",\n      \"a construction cost of Rs. 50 crore or above\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 16.7.3<\/b> \u2014 such buildings \\\"<i>that have a connected load of 100 KW or above or having plot area of 3000 m2 or more, whichever is more stringent shall be Minimum ENS compliant Buildings as per Eco Niwas Samhita 2024 (ENS), as amended time to time, issued by Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Power, Govt. of India.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The \\\"<i>whichever is more stringent<\/i>\\\" formula means the threshold that catches the building first applies, so options (a) and (b) are each incomplete. Rs. 50 crore in option (d) is the green building certification threshold under Para 16.0, a separate obligation.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 348,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Technical Sanction\/Notice Inviting Tender approving authority may aim for higher energy performance levels, such as ECSBC+ or super ECSBC and ENS+ or super ENS buildings:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"only with the prior approval of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency\",\n      \"in every case where the connected load exceeds 100 KW\",\n      \"only for projects costing Rs. 50 crore and above\",\n      \"as per the approval of the owner organization and the availability of funds\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Paras 16.7.2 and 16.7.4<\/b> \u2014 in identical terms for non-residential and residential buildings respectively, \\\"<i>TS \/ NIT approving authority may aim for higher Performance levels ... as per the approval of owner organization and availability of funds.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The higher levels are therefore optional and doubly conditioned \u2014 on the owner's approval and on funds. The <i>minimum<\/i> levels, by contrast, are mandatory: ECSBC compliance for non-residential buildings with a connected load of 100 KW or above, and ENS compliance for residential buildings meeting the 100 KW or 3000 m\u00b2 test, whichever is more stringent. Details are in SOP No. 16\/1.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 349,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the energy efficiency performance levels prescribed for buildings:\\n1. Higher performance levels such as ECSBC+ or super ECSBC may be aimed at by the Technical Sanction or Notice Inviting Tender approving authority.\\n2. Such higher levels require the approval of the owner organisation and are subject to availability of funds.\\n3. The guidelines are applicable from the 1st of July 2026.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 16.7.2<\/b> supports statements 1 and 2 for non-residential buildings, and <b>Para 16.7.4<\/b> repeats the same discretion for residential buildings in terms of ENS+ and super ENS levels.<br><br>The closing lines of <b>Para 16.7<\/b> supply statement 3 \u2014 \\\"<i>These guidelines will be applicable from 1st July 2026<\/i>\\\", the details being given in SOP No. 16\/1. The discretion to aim higher is doubly fettered, by the owner's approval and by funds, so it is not a power the sanctioning authority can exercise on its own view of what is desirable.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 350,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The guidelines on Energy Efficiency Performance Levels in Buildings are applicable from:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1st July 2026\",\n      \"1st April 2026\",\n      \"1st January 2026\",\n      \"1st April 2025\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 16.7<\/b> closes with the statement: \\\"<i>These guidelines will be applicable from 1st July 2026.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The date is significant because the Manual itself was released on 12.07.2026 and implemented from the day after the issue of the covering Office Memorandum, so the energy efficiency levels take effect at the very start of the new edition's operation. The codes referred to are the Energy Conservation and Sustainable Building Code 2024 for non-residential buildings and the Eco Niwas Samhita 2024 for residential buildings, both issued by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Power; details are in SOP No. 16\/1.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 351,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The compliance plan and report of utilization of Construction and Demolition waste and recycled products or materials is required to be submitted to the concerned authorities and to the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Chief Technical Examiner, Central Vigilance Commission\",\n      \"Deputy Director General (Works), Directorate General, Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Power\",\n      \"Central Pollution Control Board only\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 16.2<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The compliance plan and report of utilization of C&D waste\/ recycled products \/ materials shall be submitted to the concerned authorities and DDG (Works), Directorate General CPWD.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Reporting therefore runs both to the external regulators and to the Directorate. The clauses and items of recycled products are incorporated in the contract document by the NIT approving authority \\\"<i>as per directions issued by the CPWD Directorate\/ Central \/State Pollution Control Board \/ Committee\/ State Govt.\/Govt. of India from time to time<\/i>\\\" \u2014 so the Pollution Control Board in option (d) is one source of directions, not the sole recipient of the compliance report.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 352,\n    \"chapter\": \"CH 16: Green Buildings & Sustainability\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Two works are in progress. Work A costs Rs. 80 crore and engages 400 unskilled workers; Work B costs Rs. 150 crore and engages 300 unskilled workers. The minimum number of unskilled workers to be given onsite training across the two works is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"70\",\n      \"110\",\n      \"140\",\n      \"100\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 16.5<\/b> \u2014 for works costing more than Rs. 50 crore and up to Rs. 100 crore, training is to be imparted \\\"<i>to at least 10% of the unskilled workers engaged in the project as per National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) norms<\/i>\\\", and \\\"<i>For works costing more than 100 crore, training shall be imparted to 20% of the unskilled labour.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Work A therefore yields 10% of 400, or 40, and Work B 20% of 300, or 60 \u2014 a total of 100. The figure of 110 is what results from applying the bands the wrong way round, and is the intended trap; 70 and 140 apply a single rate to both works.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 353,\n    \"chapter\": \"Time-limits\/periods\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where the Notice Inviting Tender approving authority reduces the publicity period with recorded reasons, the period for a short notice tender shall not, in any case, be less than:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"7 days\",\n      \"2 working days\",\n      \"3 days\",\n      \"5 days\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.13(2)<\/b> \u2014 variation is permitted with recorded reasons, but \\\"<i>the publicity period even for short notice tenders shall not be less than 3 days<\/i>\\\". It is a floor that no recorded justification can go below.<br><br>The two-working-day figure is a different floor, in a different process: under <b>Para 4.1(4)<\/b> the quotation accepting authority may decide the publicity period for quotations, \\\"<i>except in case of spot quotations, subject to minimum period of two working days<\/i>\\\". Quotations and tenders are not interchangeable here.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 354,\n    \"chapter\": \"Time-limits\/periods\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where a tender is called in the two or three bid system and clarifications are issued during the publicity period, the minimum time to be given for submission of the bid after issue of the clarifications is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"7 days\",\n      \"21 days\",\n      \"3 days\",\n      \"14 days\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.13(1)(iii)<\/b> \u2014 the 21-day publicity period for two\/three bid tenders is \\\"<i>subject to the condition that minimum 14 days should be given for submission of bid after the issue of clarifications<\/i>\\\".<br><br>The rule prevents a clarification issued late in the publicity window from leaving bidders no usable time to revise their offers. The 21 days in the second option is the headline period for the same class of tender, not the post-clarification minimum, and 7 days belongs to works up to Rs. 5 crore under sub-para (i).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 355,\n    \"chapter\": \"Time-limits\/periods\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements regarding the validity period of tenders:\\n1. In cases other than where only financial bids are invited, the validity period is 75 days from the last day of receipt of the technical bid.\\n2. The responsibility for obtaining validity of tender rests with the Executive Engineer.\\n3. The tender inviting authority should await directions from the next higher authority before seeking extension of validity.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.14<\/b> supports statements 1 and 2 \u2014 \\\"<i>in all other cases 75 days from the last day of receipt of technical bid<\/i>\\\", and \\\"<i>The responsibility regarding obtaining validity of tender shall be of Executive Engineer and a close watch shall be kept by him at every stage of tender regarding expiry of validity period.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Statement 3 reverses the same paragraph, which directs that the tender inviting authority \\\"<i>should not wait for any directions. He has to act on his own to get the validity of tender extended if required.<\/i>\\\" Waiting is precisely what the provision forbids.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 356,\n    \"chapter\": \"Time-limits\/periods\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Performance Guarantee is required to remain valid for a minimum period, beyond the date of completion of all contractual obligations, of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"sixty days\",\n      \"six months\",\n      \"one year\",\n      \"ninety days\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.2(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Performance Guarantee shall remain valid for a minimum period of six months beyond the date of completion of all contractual obligations as per GCC.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Sixty days is the figure carried by the superseded edition and is the intended trap for anyone preparing from older material. The same sub-para also revises the amount \u2014 the guarantee is \\\"<i>5% of the Estimated Cost put to tender (ECPT) or contract amount whichever is higher<\/i>\\\" \u2014 and where a supplementary agreement is drawn a fresh guarantee at 5% of that agreement is taken.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 357,\n    \"chapter\": \"Time-limits\/periods\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The date of start of a work may be decided by the Notice Inviting Tender approving authority within a range of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"7 to 21 days from the date of issue of the letter of intent\",\n      \"1 to 7 days from the date of issue of the letter of intent\",\n      \"3 to 10 days from the date of issue of the letter of intent\",\n      \"10 to 30 days from the date of issue of the letter of intent\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.3(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>The date of start of the work may be decided by NIT approving authority ranging from 3 to 10 days from the date of issue of letter of Intent.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The discretion is bounded at both ends. It is also conditional in practice, because sub-para (2) provides that \\\"<i>The letter for commencement of work shall be issued to the contractor only after he\/she submits the performance guarantee in an acceptable form.<\/i>\\\" The guarantee itself is due within seven days of the letter of intent under Para 5.2(3).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 358,\n    \"chapter\": \"Time-limits\/periods\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Under the online hindrance module, the periods available to the Junior Engineer or Assistant Engineer for offering comments, and thereafter to the Executive Engineer, are respectively:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"2 days and the next 2 days\",\n      \"7 days and the next 7 days\",\n      \"10 days and the next 10 days\",\n      \"3 days and the next 4 days\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.15(3)<\/b> allots seven days to the JE or AE and \\\"<i>within next 7 days<\/i>\\\" to the Executive Engineer, so that the departmental record of a hindrance is closed within a fortnight of the entry.<br><br>The two-day pairing is the position under the superseded edition and is the intended distractor. The module works alongside, not instead of, the Engineer-in-Charge's own duty to communicate his decision within 21 days under sub-para (1); the contractual and the record-keeping timelines run separately.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 359,\n    \"chapter\": \"Time-limits\/periods\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Within the ten working days allowed for ad-hoc payment, the periods allotted to the accounts branch and to the concerned Executive Engineer are respectively:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"three working days and two working days\",\n      \"two working days and three working days\",\n      \"five working days and two working days\",\n      \"four working days and one working day\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.18.1(B)<\/b> \u2014 the bill is certified by the AE and JE in five working days, \\\"<i>three working days by accounts branch and two working days by concerned Executive Engineer<\/i>\\\", which accounts for the full ten.<br><br>The second option is the same pair transposed and is the intended trap; the arithmetic is the check, since five plus three plus two must exhaust the ten-day limit. Failure to meet it obliges the Executive Engineer to explain the delay to the next higher authority within three working days.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 360,\n    \"chapter\": \"Time-limits\/periods\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The occupancy certificate in respect of a completed building is required to be obtained within:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"one month after physical completion\",\n      \"six months after physical completion\",\n      \"one year after physical completion\",\n      \"3 months after physical completion\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.17.3(1)<\/b> fixes the period at \\\"<i>3 months after physical completion<\/i>\\\" of the work.<br><br>A companion period under <b>Para 5.17.1<\/b> governs the completion certificate for works above Rs. 10 crore, which has to be issued by the Senior Architect or Chief Architect: the EE and SE\/CE \\\"<i>will write to the Architect and SA\/CA for intimating their observation if any within 15 days failing which the certificate will be recorded by competent authority<\/i>\\\". The fifteen-day period runs against the Architect, not the executing officer.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 361,\n    \"chapter\": \"Time-limits\/periods\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below:\\n\\nList-I (Return or proposal)\\nA. New works proposals sent by the Chief Engineer\/Budgetary Head to the Director (Finance), CPWD\\nB. Findings of the Director (Finance) forwarded to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs\\nC. Estimates of revenue receipts submitted to the Chief Controller of Accounts, MoHUA\\n\\nList-II (Due date)\\n1. 30th September every year\\n2. 30th November every year\\n3. 31st August every year\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1\",\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-2\",\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-3\",\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.14(2)<\/b> gives A\u21923 \u2014 the proposals \\\"<i>should be sent by the concerned Chief Engineer\/Budgetary Head to the Director (Fin), CPWD O\/o Director General, CPWD by 31st August, every year<\/i>\\\". <b>Para 2.14(3)<\/b> gives B\u21921, the Director (Finance) forwarding his findings \\\"<i>to the MoHUA by 30th September, of every year<\/i>\\\".<br><br><b>Para 2.18(1)<\/b> gives C\u21922 \u2014 the estimate \\\"<i>is required to be submitted as per CPW Accounts Code by 30th November every year to the Chief Controller of Accounts of MoHUA<\/i>\\\". The three dates run in sequence through the budget cycle, which is the safest way to hold them.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 362,\n    \"chapter\": \"Time-limits\/periods\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The Final Budget is required to be based on expenditure actually incurred for the months up to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"30th September, with anticipated expenditure for the remaining six months\",\n      \"31st December, with anticipated expenditure for the remaining three months\",\n      \"31st October, with anticipated expenditure for the remaining five months\",\n      \"31st January, with anticipated expenditure for the remaining two months\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.8<\/b> \u2014 the Final Budget \\\"<i>is to be based on the expenditure actually incurred for the months till 31st December and assessment of anticipated expenditure during the remaining three months i.e. till 31st March, taking into account the progress of the works and the posts in existence.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The cut-off carries a consequence worth remembering: \\\"<i>Any modifications in the requirements thereafter will be considered as 'Surrenders of Anticipated Savings' or 'Applications for Supplementary Grants' by Re-appropriations<\/i>\\\". After 31st December the route changes, not merely the paperwork.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 363,\n    \"chapter\": \"Time-limits\/periods\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"To ensure effective control of expenditure against appropriations made, a review of the expenditure is conducted:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"monthly throughout the financial year\",\n      \"quarterly throughout the financial year\",\n      \"quarterly until the end of September and thereafter every month till the month of February\",\n      \"half-yearly until the end of September and monthly thereafter till the end of March\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.24(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>a quarterly review of the expenditure is conducted until the end of September and thereafter every month till the month of February hence excess\/savings must be reported to Director (Finance) of CPWD from time to time<\/i>\\\".<br><br>The cadence tightens as the year closes, which is the logic behind the two-stage design. It sits alongside a separate and unconditional monthly duty in sub-para (1), under which all budget controlling and monitoring officers \\\"<i>should review every month the progress of expenditure vis-a-vis physical progress<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 364,\n    \"chapter\": \"Time-limits\/periods\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the last quarter of the financial year, expenditure should not exceed the following limits of the Budget Estimate:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"25% in the quarter and 10% in the month of March\",\n      \"40% in the quarter and 20% in the month of March\",\n      \"50% in the quarter and 25% in the month of March\",\n      \"33% in the quarter and 15% in the month of March\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.24(3)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>According to the guidelines issued by the MoF, last Quarter expenditures should not exceed 33% of BE and 15% in the month of March of the financial year. Rush of expenditure in any month should be avoided<\/i>\\\".<br><br>The purpose is to prevent a year-end surge, and the same sub-para closes the obvious escape route by directing that the units \\\"<i>will not try to incur expenditure due to surplus funds at their disposal, merely to avoid the lapses without following prescribed procedure and formalities<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 365,\n    \"chapter\": \"Time-limits\/periods\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following periodicities are correctly stated?\\n1. Reconciliation of accounts by the budget controlling units is done monthly.\\n2. The Schedule of Rates is ordinarily revised once in two years.\\n3. The cost index is issued as on 1st April and 1st October every year.\\n4. Physical verification of stores is undertaken at least once in a year.\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Only two\",\n      \"Only three\",\n      \"All four\",\n      \"Only one\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"All four are correctly stated. <b>Para 3.1.1.9<\/b> supplies statements 2 and 3 \u2014 \\\"<i>The SORs are ordinarily revised once in two years<\/i>\\\" and \\\"<i>The cost index shall be issued as on 1st April and 1st October every year<\/i>\\\".<br><br><b>Para 14.12<\/b> supplies statement 4, verification being carried out \\\"<i>at least once in a year in the presence of the authority responsible for the custody of the stores<\/i>\\\", and by the authority next higher to the custodian. Statement 1 reflects the monthly reconciliation duty in Para 2.25, which is the counterpart of the monthly expenditure review in Para 2.24(1).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 366,\n    \"chapter\": \"Time-limits\/periods\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"All appropriations granted by Parliament expire at the end of the financial year, with the consequence that:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"unspent budget may be appropriated for meeting demands in the next financial year\",\n      \"savings may be held in reserve for meeting possible excesses in future\",\n      \"all unutilized funds within the year lapse at the end of the financial year\",\n      \"the unspent balance is automatically carried forward to the Contingency Fund\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.5<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>All appropriations granted by the Parliament expire at the end of financial year and no deduction of unspent budget can be appropriated for meeting the demands in the next financial year. Thus, all unutilized funds within the year 'lapse' at the end of the financial year.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Holding savings in reserve is separately and expressly prohibited by <b>Para 2.20.1(b)<\/b>: \\\"<i>No savings are to be held in reserve for meeting possible excesses in future.<\/i>\\\" The Contingency Fund is not a receptacle for lapsing balances; under Para 2.13(6) it is drawn upon to meet an immediate payment on a decree or award.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 367,\n    \"chapter\": \"Time-limits\/periods\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The hand receipt register maintained at the divisional office for petty repairs is required to be updated immediately on payment of each hand receipt, and reviewed by the Executive Engineer:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"on a monthly basis\",\n      \"on a quarterly basis\",\n      \"at the close of each financial year\",\n      \"on a half-yearly basis\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 9.3.4(b)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Hand receipt register shall be maintained at the divisional office to record all Hand Receipts passed during each financial year. This register shall be updated immediately on payment of each hand receipt and will be reviewed by EE on monthly basis.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The register is one of three cumulative controls on petty repairs: each work must be within Rs. 25,000 under sub-para (a), the annual ceiling is Rs. 10 lac per Division exclusive of the permanent imprest, and beyond that ceiling each hand receipt needs prior approval of CE\/SE under sub-para (c).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 368,\n    \"chapter\": \"Time-limits\/periods\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In the case of a maintenance contract, an advance payment to the firm should not exceed:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"30% of the contract value\",\n      \"the amount payable for six months under the contract\",\n      \"40% of the contract value\",\n      \"90% of the contract value\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 14.4(2)(iii)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>In case of maintenance contract, the amount should not exceed the amount payable for six months under the contract.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Maintenance contracts are thus capped by reference to time rather than to a percentage, because the consideration accrues periodically rather than against a deliverable. The percentage limits in the same sub-para apply to other recipients \u2014 30% of contract value to a private firm and 40% to a State or Central Government agency or a PSU \u2014 while 90% is the separate ceiling for advance payments for supply of stores under Para 14.5.1.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 369,\n    \"chapter\": \"Time-limits\/periods\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"An associate proposed by a bidder for an Engineering, Procurement and Construction contract must not have been debarred by the Department within the preceding:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"three years\",\n      \"two years\",\n      \"five years\",\n      \"seven years\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.8(11)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Associated contractor should not have been debarred from any Ministry or any govt. organization in the last five years.<\/i>\\\" The look-back is intended to prevent a debarred entity from re-entering the field through another bidder's technical arrangement.<br><br>The provision belongs to a wider set of controls on the EPC route in the same paragraph, including the bar in sub-para (12) on any change of EPC mode after opening of the financial bids, and the requirement that the technology be selected from the tables notified by the Directorate.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 370,\n    \"chapter\": \"Time-limits\/periods\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where a quotation is called otherwise than as a spot quotation, the quotation accepting authority may decide the publicity period, subject to a minimum period of:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"three days\",\n      \"two working days\",\n      \"seven days\",\n      \"five working days\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.1(4)<\/b> \u2014 the authority may decide the publicity period, \\\"<i>except in case of spot quotations, subject to minimum period of two working days<\/i>\\\".<br><br>Spot quotations are carved out because they exist precisely for situations admitting of no publicity period at all. The three-day floor in the first option belongs to the tendering process, where under <b>Para 4.13(2)<\/b> the publicity period even for short notice tenders shall not be less than three days \u2014 a different process with a different minimum.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 371,\n    \"chapter\": \"Time-limits\/periods\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Arrange the following steps in the correct chronological sequence as they occur after the opening of financial bids:\\n1. Issue of the letter of intent\\n2. Submission of the Performance Guarantee\\n3. Issue of the letter for commencement of work\\n4. Date of start of the work\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 \u2013 3 \u2013 2 \u2013 4\",\n      \"2 \u2013 1 \u2013 3 \u2013 4\",\n      \"1 \u2013 2 \u2013 4 \u2013 3\",\n      \"1 \u2013 2 \u2013 3 \u2013 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"The order follows from <b>Paras 5.2 and 5.3<\/b>. The letter of intent is issued first; the Performance Guarantee follows \\\"<i>not beyond 7 days of issue of the letter of intent<\/i>\\\" under Para 5.2(3).<br><br>Only then does the commencement letter go out, because <b>Para 5.3(2)<\/b> provides that \\\"<i>The letter for commencement of work shall be issued to the contractor only after he\/she submits the performance guarantee in an acceptable form.<\/i>\\\" The date of start itself is set \\\"<i>ranging from 3 to 10 days from the date of issue of letter of Intent<\/i>\\\", and so completes the sequence.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 372,\n    \"chapter\": \"Time-limits\/periods\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. A bid is treated as abnormally low if the quoted bid amount is less than 80% of the estimated cost put to tender.\\n2. Where the last day for submission of the Performance Guarantee falls on a bank holiday, the last day shall be the next working day.\\n3. A bidder whose earnest money has been forfeited may still participate in the re-tendering process for the same work.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.2(4)<\/b> supports statement 1 \u2014 \\\"<i>A bid will be treated as abnormally low if the quoted bid amount is lesser than 80% of the estimated cost put to tender.<\/i>\\\" <b>Para 5.2(3)<\/b> supports statement 2 \u2014 \\\"<i>in case last day of submission of PG happens to be a bank holiday the last day of submission shall be the next working day<\/i>\\\".<br><br>Statement 3 is the reverse of <b>Para 5.1.7(3)<\/b>, under which, on forfeiture of earnest money, \\\"<i>the bidder shall not be allowed to participate in the re-tendering process of the work<\/i>\\\". Exclusion, not merely loss of the deposit, is the consequence.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 373,\n    \"chapter\": \"Forms\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The form of tender document used for works in which contractors are required to quote the rates against each item of work, generally adopted where most of the items are non-scheduled or specialized and a detailed analysis of rates is not available, is:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"CPWD Form 7\",\n      \"CPWD Form 12\",\n      \"CPWD Form 8\",\n      \"CPWD Form 10\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.1(2)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Item rate Tender document (CPWD Form 8): This form is used for works in which contractors are required to quote the rates against each item of work. This form is generally used where most of the items are non-scheduled or specialized items and detailed analysis of rates is not available.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The reasoning behind the choice is the point: where the Schedule of Rates cannot supply a reliable base, a percentage quoted on the whole estimate is meaningless, so each item must carry its own rate. Form 7 is used in the converse case, and Form 12 where a single lump sum is quoted for the whole work.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 374,\n    \"chapter\": \"Forms\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following are listed as documents mandatory for proper accounting of works?\\n1. Bills Register\\n2. Contractor's ledger\\n3. Register of works\\n4. Register of Buildings\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Only two\",\n      \"All four\",\n      \"Only one\",\n      \"Only three\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.1<\/b> lists five mandatory documents \u2014 Bills Register, Contractor's ledger, Register of works, Materials Account and Cash Book \u2014 prescribed \\\"<i>in CPW Accounts Code and O\/o CCA, MoHUA<\/i>\\\". Statements 1, 2 and 3 therefore qualify, and the fourth does not.<br><br>The Register of Buildings is a genuine record but arises on the maintenance side: under <b>Para 15.3<\/b>, \\\"<i>Every Division shall maintain a Register of Buildings and keep it upto date.<\/i>\\\" It is an asset register, not an accounting document, and the two lists should be kept apart.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 375,\n    \"chapter\": \"Forms\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The statement prepared annually to show the causes of excesses and savings under different sub-heads is prepared in:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Form no. 8\",\n      \"CPWD Form 8\",\n      \"Form CPWA 26\",\n      \"Form no. 47\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.26.2(1)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>A statement in Form no. 8 should be prepared annually for submission to the Ministry by the end of December every year to show the causes of excesses and savings under different sub-heads<\/i>\\\".<br><br>This is the sharpest naming trap in the Manual. Form no. 8 here is a budget return; <b>CPWD Form 8<\/b> under Para 1.1(2) is an entirely different instrument \u2014 the Item rate Tender document on which contractors quote rates against each item of work. The numeral is shared, the prefix is not, and only the prefix distinguishes them.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 376,\n    \"chapter\": \"Forms\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Measurements and payments in respect of works are required to be entered through:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"the Government e-Market Place portal\",\n      \"the ERP Collaboration Tool\",\n      \"the PFMS portal of the Department, using the E-MB module\",\n      \"the CPWD Sewa portal\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 5.12<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>All measurements are to be done as per provisions of GCC and abstract of schedule of measurements and payments are to be entered through PFMS portal of CPWD using E-MB module.<\/i>\\\" The detailed procedure, covering uploading of the agreement and BOQ, recording, downloading and printing of the e-MB and loss of an e-MB, is in SOP 5\/20(B).<br><br>The other portals are real but serve different functions: the ERP Collaboration Tool generates the unique EDN for As-Built and Good-for-Construction drawings, GeM is the procurement channel under Para 14.1, and CPWD Sewa is the maintenance complaint platform under Para 9.2.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 377,\n    \"chapter\": \"Forms\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below:\\n\\nList-I (Register)\\nA. Material at Site account register\\nB. Register of Dismantled Materials\\nC. Work order register\\n\\nList-II (What it records)\\n1. Dismantled materials arising from maintenance works which have salvage value\\n2. The limit, the amount consumed and the balance available for award of work orders\\n3. Materials procured, including horticulture materials and plants, examined and counted on delivery\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-2\",\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2\",\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1\",\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 14.7<\/b> gives A\u21923 \u2014 all materials procured \\\"<i>should be examined, counted or measured during its delivery and accounted for in the Material at Site (MAS) account register<\/i>\\\". <b>Para 15.1(3)<\/b> gives B\u21921, dismantled materials having salvage value being accounted for in the Register of Dismantled Materials and then disposed off or re-used.<br><br><b>Para 4.1(6)<\/b> gives C\u21922 \u2014 \\\"<i>A record of limit, consumed and balance available should be recorded in work order register to avoid exceeding the limit.<\/i>\\\" The registers track, respectively, materials coming in, materials coming out, and financial headroom.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 378,\n    \"chapter\": \"Forms\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where materials are purchased for a work, the measurements and details thereof are required to be recorded in the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Contractor's ledger\",\n      \"Register of works\",\n      \"Measurement Book\",\n      \"Bills Register\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 14.5<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>All the stores (including those purchased through GeM) that are received are verified, and measurements and details thereof are to be recorded in the Measurement Book if the purchase is for specific work.<\/i>\\\" Payments are then made by the Executive Engineer \\\"<i>on the basis of the entries recorded in the Measurement Book, according to the terms of the payment as finalized in the supply order<\/i>\\\".<br><br>Two conditions are built into the rule: the stores must first be verified on receipt, and the entry is required where the purchase is for a specific work. The three registers in the other options are all listed in <b>Para 2.1<\/b> as documents mandatory for proper accounting, but none of them is the record of measurement.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 379,\n    \"chapter\": \"Forms\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A record of the limit, the amount consumed and the balance available in respect of award of work orders is required to be maintained in order to:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"support the annual physical verification of stores\",\n      \"avoid exceeding the annual limit fixed under the Delegation of Financial Powers\",\n      \"enable reconciliation of accounts with the Pay and Accounts Officer\",\n      \"establish the reserve price for disposal of dismantled materials\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 4.1(6)<\/b> \u2014 the annual limit at Sl. No. 15 of Annexure-66A \\\"<i>shall not be exceeded by various officers. A record of limit, consumed and balance available should be recorded in work order register to avoid exceeding the limit.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The register is therefore a running control rather than an after-the-fact record, which is why the balance available is tracked alongside the amount consumed. A related carve-out sits in <b>Para 4.2(2)<\/b>, under which works awarded to registered labour co-operative societies are not counted towards that ceiling.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 380,\n    \"chapter\": \"Forms\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"The unique number that is required to be generated through the ERP Collaboration Tool and marked on As-Built and Good-for-Construction drawings is the:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Central Public Works Department Identification Number\",\n      \"Contract Identification Number\",\n      \"ERP Drawing\/Document Number\",\n      \"Technical Sanction Reference Number\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Paras 5.17.3 and 8.12<\/b> require a unique EDN \u2014 the ERP Drawing\/Document Number \u2014 to be generated through the ERP Collaboration Tool and to appear on As-Built and Good-for-Construction drawings, failing which the drawings are not valid.<br><br>The requirement gives every drawing a single traceable identity across its life, from Good-for-Construction issue to the As-Built record. It complements rather than replaces the authentication chain in Para 8.12, under which AE, EE, Architect\/SA and the T\/S authority must each sign the drawing before it goes to the contractor.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 381,\n    \"chapter\": \"Forms\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"How many of the following are shown in the table of contents of Technical Sanction as applicable across construction and maintenance work as well as Engineering, Procurement and Construction Modes I, II and III?\\n1. Technical Sanction Memo\\n2. Geotechnical Investigation Report\\n3. Scope of work\\n4. Structural drawings for the foundation and superstructure\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Only two\",\n      \"Only three\",\n      \"All four\",\n      \"Only one\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.6(1)<\/b> shows the Technical Sanction Memo, the A\/A & E\/S Memo\/Order, specifications in detail, the Geotechnical Investigation Report and the scope of work as Applicable in all three columns of the table. Statements 1, 2 and 3 therefore qualify.\\n<br><br>Statement 4 does not. Structural drawings for the foundation and superstructure are Applicable for construction and maintenance work and for EPC Mode III, but Not applicable for EPC Modes I and II \u2014 because in those modes the structural design is prepared by the EPC contractor under Para 4.8.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 382,\n    \"chapter\": \"Forms\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In respect of a work executed in Engineering, Procurement and Construction Mode III, the soil investigation report:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"is appended to the Notice Inviting Tender for indicative purpose only\",\n      \"is not required at any stage\",\n      \"is prepared by the contractor after award of work\",\n      \"forms part of the Technical Sanction, as it does in Modes I and II\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.1.6(1)<\/b> shows the Geotechnical Investigation Report as Applicable in every column of the Technical Sanction contents table, so it is part of the T\/S in Mode III just as in Modes I and II.<br><br>The first option describes a different provision, applying to different modes: under <b>Para 4.8(4)<\/b>, \\\"<i>Soil investigation report shall be appended in the NIT for indicative purpose in EPC Mode I & II only. Contractor will also undertake soil investigations. In case of variations in the reports, safer parameters will be adopted for design purpose.<\/i>\\\"\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 383,\n    \"chapter\": \"Forms\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below:\\n\\nList-I (Platform)\\nA. CPWD Sewa\\nB. E-MB module on the PFMS portal\\nC. Government e-Market Place\\n\\nList-II (Function)\\n1. Entry of measurements and payments\\n2. Procurement of goods and services available on it\\n3. Registering maintenance complaints online\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-3\",\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-2\",\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2\",\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 9.2<\/b> gives A\u21923 \u2014 \\\"<i>a web-based portal and mobile app 'CPWD Sewa' has been set up for registering complaints online<\/i>\\\", with toll free numbers and a call centre. <b>Para 5.12<\/b> gives B\u21921, measurements and payments being entered through the PFMS portal using the E-MB module.<br><br><b>Para 14.1<\/b> gives C\u21922 \u2014 procurement through GeM \\\"<i>will be mandatory for Goods or Services available on GeM<\/i>\\\", the procuring authorities certifying the reasonability of rates. Three portals, three separate functions, and the pairing is the whole of the question.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 384,\n    \"chapter\": \"Forms\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements:\\n1. A statement in Form no. 8 shows the causes of excesses and savings under different sub-heads.\\n2. CPWD Form 9 is normally used where the purchase of materials is involved.\\n3. CPWD Form 47 is the form of tender adopted for supply of materials.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 2.26.2(1)<\/b> supports statement 1, and <b>Para 1.1(3)<\/b> supports statement 2 \u2014 \\\"<i>Supply of materials (CPWD Form 9): This form is normally used where the purchase of materials is involved.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Statement 3 transposes two forms. Under <b>Para 1.1(7)<\/b>, CPWD Form 47 is the \\\"<i>Tender document for demolition of Buildings<\/i>\\\", adopted for demolition and removal of debris from the site; supply of materials is Form 9. The pairing of a plausible form number with the wrong function is the standard trap in this area.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 385,\n    \"chapter\": \"Forms\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"A work has to be commenced at once, before the contract for it can be formally accepted. An agreement is accordingly drawn on the appropriate standard form. That form, and the fate of the agreement once the regular contract is signed, are respectively:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Piece Work, and the contract may be cancelled as soon as the regular contract is signed\",\n      \"Work Order, and the agreement continues to run alongside the regular contract\",\n      \"Lump sum Contract document, and the agreement is converted into the regular contract\",\n      \"Percentage Rate Tender document, and the agreement is treated as a supplementary agreement\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.1(4)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Piece Work (CPWD Form 10): This form is used mainly in cases, where it is necessary to start the work in anticipation of formal acceptance of contract. An agreement on piece work form may be drawn and the contract may be cancelled as soon as regular contract is signed.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Both limbs of the answer come from the same sentence, and they explain each other: the form exists only to bridge the gap until the real contract is in place, so it is designed to be extinguished rather than to run on. That is why it binds the contractor neither as to quantity nor as to the time for completion.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 386,\n    \"chapter\": \"Forms\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Consider the following statements comparing the Piece Work form with the Work Order form:\\n1. Under the Work Order form the contractor is bound in respect of the quantity of work and the time in which it is to be completed.\\n2. The Work Order form is normally used for works which are to be awarded without call of tender.\\n3. Under the Piece Work form the contractor is similarly bound as to quantity and time.\\n\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.1(5)<\/b> supports statements 1 and 2 \u2014 \\\"<i>Work Order (CPWD 11A): This form is normally used for works which are to be awarded without call of tender. In Form 11A, the contractor is bound in respect of the quantity of work and the time in which it is to be completed.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>Statement 3 is the distinguishing point and is false. The Manual describes the Piece Work form in <b>Para 1.1(4)<\/b> purely as an instrument to start work in anticipation of formal acceptance, cancelled when the regular contract is signed; the binding as to quantity and time is what marks the Work Order form off from it.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 387,\n    \"chapter\": \"Forms\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"All of the following pairings of a standard form with the situation in which it is used are correct EXCEPT:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Percentage Rate Tender document \u2014 contractors quote rates on a percentage basis, above or below the estimated cost put to tender\",\n      \"Supply of materials \u2014 contractors quote rates for supply of the required quantity of materials, whether raw or finished\",\n      \"Tender document for demolition of Buildings \u2014 demolition of buildings and removal of debris from the site\",\n      \"Lump sum Contract document \u2014 works started in anticipation of formal acceptance of the contract\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"explanation\": \"The mismatched pairing is the last. Under <b>Para 1.1(6)<\/b> the Lump sum Contract document is used \\\"<i>for works in which contractors are required to quote a lump sum amount for completing the work in accordance with the given designs, specifications and functional requirements<\/i>\\\"; starting a work in anticipation of formal acceptance is the office of the Piece Work form under sub-para (4).<br><br>The other three are accurate. Sub-para (1) describes quoting \\\"<i>on percentage basis i.e. above or below the estimated cost put to tender<\/i>\\\", sub-para (3) covers supply of materials \\\"<i>whether raw or finished<\/i>\\\", and sub-para (7) covers \\\"<i>demolition of buildings and removal of debris from the site<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 388,\n    \"chapter\": \"Forms\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"Where the standard bidding documents finalized by the World Bank are used for a work aided by it, changes to those documents:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"may be made freely in the standard wordings, provided the Bank is informed\",\n      \"are limited to work specific changes acceptable to the Bank, introduced through additional conditions or contract data sheets\",\n      \"may be made only by the Director General, Central Public Works Department\",\n      \"are not permitted in any form, the documents being adopted as they stand\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.1(9)<\/b> \u2014 \\\"<i>Only work specific changes, acceptable to the Bank can be introduced through additional conditions or contract data sheets. No changes may be made in the standard wordings of the standard bidding document.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The rule therefore sits between the two extremes offered: the documents are not frozen, but the standard wordings are, and any adaptation has to travel through a separate instrument. The same sub-para requires the two administering authorities to be renamed, the Employer becoming \\\"<i>The Central Public Works Department<\/i>\\\" and the Engineer \\\"<i>The EE\/Engineer-in-Charge<\/i>\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 389,\n    \"chapter\": \"Forms\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"In relation to a Deposit work, the Memorandum of Understanding with the user is required to be drawn:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"before taking up the work, and it also governs the Third Party Quality Assurance provisions\",\n      \"after the Technical Sanction has been accorded, but before tenders are invited\",\n      \"at the stage of recording the completion certificate\",\n      \"only where the estimated cost exceeds Rs. 20 crore\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 3.1.2.1(5)<\/b> requires that the Memorandum \\\"<i>shall be drawn with the user before taking up<\/i>\\\" the work, so it precedes execution rather than accompanying it.<br><br>Its reach extends well beyond a record of the deposit. <b>Para 7.2.1(3)<\/b> provides that \\\"<i>For Deposit works, TPQA provisions will be made as per MOU<\/i>\\\", so even third party quality assurance flows from the same instrument \u2014 which is why the Rs. 20 crore threshold in the last option is irrelevant here, that figure governing the engagement of a TPQA agency for budgeted works.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 390,\n    \"chapter\": \"Forms\",\n    \"source\": \"CPWD Works Manual 2026\",\n    \"question\": \"An Annual Rate Contract for Maintenance has been concluded for a colony, agencies having been fixed in advance. In respect of normal annual repair and maintenance works in that colony, the position is that they:\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"are to be executed by the agencies so fixed, at the rate contract rates\",\n      \"may be executed either under the rate contract or by call of tenders, at the discretion of the Engineer-in-Charge\",\n      \"shall be dealt with under the normal tendering system\",\n      \"are to be executed departmentally, the rate contract being confined to specialized items\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"explanation\": \"<b>Para 1.1(8)<\/b> closes the description of the Annual Rate Contract with a limit that is easily overlooked: \\\"<i>Normal A\/R & M\/O works, however, shall be dealt with under normal tendering system.<\/i>\\\"<br><br>The rate contract is therefore a supplement, not a substitute. Its proper field is stated in the same sub-para \u2014 \\\"<i>repetitive nature of jobs which require immediate start and uniformity of rates, mainly for minor works and works of Additions and Alterations<\/i>\\\" \u2014 for which \\\"<i>a number of agencies for works in each colony should be fixed before the start of financial year<\/i>\\\". The identical limitation is repeated at Para 9.3.5.\"\n  }\n];\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   4. SANITISE + INDEX\n   One malformed row used to blank the whole widget. Bad rows are now\n   dropped with a console note; everything else still works.\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nfunction sanitise(list){\n  if(!Array.isArray(list)) return [];\n  const ok=[], bad=[];\n  list.forEach((q,i)=>{\n    const good = q && q.id!==undefined && typeof q.question==='string'\n      && Array.isArray(q.options) && q.options.length>=2\n      && Number.isInteger(q.correct) && q.correct>=0 && q.correct<q.options.length\n      && typeof q.chapter==='string' && q.chapter.length;\n    good ? ok.push(q) : bad.push({row:i, id:q&&q.id});\n  });\n  if(bad.length) console.warn('[chapter bank] skipped '+bad.length+' malformed question(s):', bad);\n  return ok;\n}\nconst QS = sanitise(chapterQuestions);\nconst CHAPTERS = [...new Set(QS.map(q=>q.chapter))];\nconst uid = q => q.chapter+'##'+q.id;\nconst BY_UID = new Map(QS.map(q=>[uid(q), q]));\nconst BY_CH  = (()=>{ const m=new Map(); QS.forEach(q=>{ if(!m.has(q.chapter)) m.set(q.chapter,[]); m.get(q.chapter).push(q); }); return m; })();\nconst inCh = c => BY_CH.get(c) || [];\nconst L = ['A','B','C','D','E','F'];\n\n\/* ---- chapter label helpers ---- *\/\nconst chShort = c => { const m=c.match(\/^CH\\s*(\\d+)\\s*:\/i); return m ? 'Ch '+m[1] : (c.length>26 ? c.slice(0,24).trim()+'\u2026' : c); };\n\/* chapters list in their own order \u2014 Ch 1..n, then Appendix 1..n, then anything\n   else alphabetically \u2014 never by score, so the list never shuffles under you *\/\nconst ROMAN = {i:1,ii:2,iii:3,iv:4,v:5,vi:6,vii:7,viii:8,ix:9,x:10,xi:11,xii:12};\nfunction chOrder(c){\n  const t=c.trim();\n  let m=t.match(\/^(?:CH|CHAPTER)\\s*[-\u2013]?\\s*(\\d+)\/i);\n  if(m) return [0, +m[1], t];\n  m=t.match(\/^APPENDIX\\s*[-\u2013]?\\s*([0-9]+|[ivxIVX]+)\\b\/i);\n  if(m){ const v=m[1]; return [1, \/^\\d+$\/.test(v) ? +v : (ROMAN[v.toLowerCase()]||99), t]; }\n  m=t.match(\/^(\\d+)\/);\n  if(m) return [0, +m[1], t];\n  return [2, 0, t];\n}\nfunction byChapterOrder(a,b){\n  const x=chOrder(a.chapter||a), y=chOrder(b.chapter||b);\n  return x[0]-y[0] || x[1]-y[1] || x[2].localeCompare(y[2]);\n}\n\/* a bank that stores chapter names in block capitals is softened for display *\/\nfunction titleCase(str){\n  const t=String(str);\n  const letters=t.replace(\/[^A-Za-z]\/g,'');\n  if(!letters || letters !== letters.toUpperCase()) return t;   \/\/ already mixed case, leave it\n  const small=new Set(['of','the','and','for','in','to','a','an','on','by','or','with','from','as','at','under']);\n  return t.toLowerCase().replace(\/[A-Za-z][A-Za-z'\u2019]*\/g,(w,i)=>\n    (i>0 && small.has(w)) ? w : w.charAt(0).toUpperCase()+w.slice(1))\n    .replace(\/\\bCh\\b\/g,'Ch').replace(\/\\bC&ag\\b\/gi,'C&AG').replace(\/\\bDpc\\b\/g,'DPC');\n}\nconst chBrief = c => { const m=c.match(\/^CH\\s*(\\d+)\\s*:\\s*(.+)$\/i);\n  const cap=t=>t.length>36?t.slice(0,34).trim()+'\u2026':t;\n  return m ? 'Ch '+m[1]+': '+cap(titleCase(m[2])) : cap(titleCase(c)); };\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   5. RANKING ENGINE\n   Importance where you have rated a chapter; share of the bank where you\n   have not. Either way the result is a share of 1, and every label on the\n   page is drawn from the T table below so nothing over-claims.\n   ===================================================================== *\/\n\/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------\n   Matching your importance keys to the chapter strings in the bank.\n   Exact spelling is not required. Anything starting with a chapter or an\n   appendix number is reduced to a token \u2014 'CH 2', 'Ch-2', 'Chapter 2:\n   General Outlines...' all become CH2 \u2014 so a short key in the map finds\n   a long chapter name in the bank. Keys with no number fall back to a\n   loose text match (case, punctuation and spacing ignored).\n   --------------------------------------------------------------------- *\/\nfunction impKey(str){\n  const t = String(str).toUpperCase().replace(\/[\\u2010-\\u2015]\/g,'-').trim();\n  let m = t.match(\/^(?:CH|CHAP|CHAPTER)\\s*[-.:]?\\s*(\\d+)\/);\n  if(m) return 'CH'+(+m[1]);\n  \/\/ longest spellings first, or 'APPX 5' reads its own X as a roman numeral\n  m = t.match(\/^(?:APPENDICES|APPENDIX|ANNEXURES?|ANNEXES?|APNDX|APPX|APDX|APP)\\s*[-.:]?\\s*(\\d+|[IVX]+)\\b\/);\n  if(m){ const v=m[1]; return 'APP'+(\/^\\d+$\/.test(v) ? +v : (ROMAN[v.toLowerCase()]||v)); }\n  m = t.match(\/^(\\d+)\\s*[-.:)]\/);\n  if(m) return 'CH'+(+m[1]);\n  return 'T:'+t.replace(\/[^A-Z0-9]+\/g,' ').trim();\n}\nconst IMP_INDEX = (function(){\n  const idx={}, used={};\n  Object.keys(chapterImportance).forEach(k=>{\n    const v = chapterImportance[k];\n    if(typeof v!=='number' || !isFinite(v) || v<0) return;\n    const key = impKey(k);\n    if(idx[key]!==undefined) console.warn('[importance] two keys collapse to the same chapter: '+k);\n    idx[key] = v; used[key] = k;\n  });\n  return {idx, used};\n})();\nfunction importanceOf(chapter){\n  const k = impKey(chapter);\n  if(IMP_INDEX.idx[k]!==undefined) return {value:IMP_INDEX.idx[k], key:k};\n  \/\/ last resort for un-numbered names: one contains the other\n  if(k.startsWith('T:')){\n    const target = k.slice(2);\n    const hit = Object.keys(IMP_INDEX.idx).filter(x=>x.startsWith('T:')).find(x=>{\n      const a=x.slice(2);\n      return a.length>3 && target.length>3 && (target.startsWith(a) || a.startsWith(target));\n    });\n    if(hit) return {value:IMP_INDEX.idx[hit], key:hit};\n  }\n  return null;\n}\n\nconst W = (function(){\n  const counts={}, total=QS.length;\n  QS.forEach(q=>counts[q.chapter]=(counts[q.chapter]||0)+1);\n  const raw={}, source={}, derived=[];\n  let knownSum=0, knownShare=0;\n\n  const matched = new Set();\n  CHAPTERS.forEach(c=>{\n    const hit = importanceOf(c);\n    if(hit){\n      raw[c]=hit.value; source[c]='rated'; matched.add(hit.key);\n      knownSum+=hit.value; knownShare += total?counts[c]\/total:0;\n    } else { source[c]='derived'; derived.push(c); }\n  });\n  const scale = (knownSum>0 && knownShare>0) ? knownSum\/knownShare : 1;\n  derived.forEach(c => raw[c] = (total?counts[c]\/total:0)*scale);\n  let sum=0; CHAPTERS.forEach(c=>sum+=raw[c]);\n  if(!(sum>0)){ CHAPTERS.forEach(c=>{ raw[c]= total?counts[c]\/total:0; source[c]='derived'; }); sum=CHAPTERS.reduce((a,c)=>a+raw[c],0)||1; }\n  const weights={}; CHAPTERS.forEach(c=>weights[c]=raw[c]\/sum);\n  \/\/ keys you rated that never found a chapter in the bank\n  const unmatched = Object.keys(IMP_INDEX.idx).filter(k=>!matched.has(k)).map(k=>IMP_INDEX.used[k]);\n  return {weights, raw, source, counts, total, derived, unstocked:unmatched,\n          rated: CHAPTERS.some(c=>source[c]==='rated')};\n})();\nconst weightOf = c => W.weights[c] || 0;\nconst pctLabel = x => { const v=(x||0)*100; if(!(v>0)) return '0%';\n  return (v<10 ? Math.round(v*10)\/10 : Math.round(v)) + '%'; };\n\n\/* every phrase that could over-claim lives here, in one place *\/\nconst WT = W.rated;                       \/\/ is any chapter rated by hand?\nconst T = {\n  chipUnit  : ' importance',\n  onScreen  : WT ? 'Importance on screen' : 'Share on screen',\n  colWeight : 'Importance',\n  covered   : WT ? 'Weighted coverage'    : 'Bank covered',\n  projected : 'Projected score',\n  leakHead  : 'Where you are losing the most',\n  leakUnit  : 'points \/100',\n  leakWord  : 'points',\n  readyDef  : WT ? 'Readiness = \u03a3 (importance \u00d7 mastery)' : 'Readiness = \u03a3 (share of the bank \u00d7 mastery)',\n  paperOut  : 'you would score around'\n};\n\/\/ \"rated 15% importance\" where you have rated it; nothing where you have not\nconst impPhrase = r => W.source[r.chapter]==='rated'\n  ? 'rated <b>'+pctLabel(r.weight)+'<\/b> importance' : '';\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   6. PROGRESS (localStorage, one record per quizId)\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nconst SCHEMA = 1;\nconst KEY = 'pe_chapterdrill_' + CFG.quizId;\nfunction blank(){ return { schema:SCHEMA, stats:{}, weak:[], flags:[], log:[], queue:[], queueLabel:'', queueKind:'', lastUid:null }; }\nlet P = (function(){\n  const p = blank();\n  try{\n    const s = localStorage.getItem(KEY);\n    if(s){ const j=JSON.parse(s);\n      if(j && j.schema===SCHEMA) Object.assign(p, j);\n      else if(j) console.warn('[storage] older schema found; starting fresh.');\n    }\n  }catch(e){ console.warn('progress load failed', e); }\n  ['weak','flags','log','queue'].forEach(k=>{ if(!Array.isArray(p[k])) p[k]=[]; });\n  if(!p.stats) p.stats={};\n  return p;\n})();\nlet storageWarned=false;\nfunction save(){\n  try{\n    if(P.log.length>400) P.log = P.log.slice(-400);\n    localStorage.setItem(KEY, JSON.stringify(P));\n  }catch(e){\n    try{ P.log = P.log.slice(-80); localStorage.setItem(KEY, JSON.stringify(P)); }\n    catch(e2){ if(!storageWarned){ storageWarned=true; toast('Your browser is blocking saved progress \u2014 this sitting will not be remembered'); } }\n  }\n}\nfunction stat(u){ if(!P.stats[u]) P.stats[u]={correct:0,incorrect:0,last:null,lastOk:null}; return P.stats[u]; }\nconst flags = new Set(P.flags);\nconst weak  = new Set(P.weak);\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   7. SESSION STATE\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nconst S = { tab:'quiz', filter:'all', chapter:null, i:0, pick:null, nudge:false,\n            query:'', unattempted:false, ans:{}, order:[] };\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   8. FORMAT + TRAIT MODEL\n   SHAPE  = how the question is built (one per question)\n   TRAIT  = what it turns on (a question may carry several)\n   A shape gap is a reading habit; a trait gap is recall. Same number,\n   opposite remedy \u2014 so they are reported separately.\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nconst SHAPES = [\n  { key:'match',  label:'Match the following (List-I \/ List-II)',\n    test:q => \/list\\s*-?\\s*i\\b\/i.test(q.question) },\n  { key:'multi',  label:'Multi-statement \/ how many are correct',\n    test:q => q.question.split(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/).filter(x=>\/^\\s*\\d+[.)]\/.test(x)).length>=2 },\n  { key:'direct', label:'Explanation', test:()=>true }  \/\/ catch-all\n];\nconst TRAITS = [\n  { key:'cite',      label:'Para, rule, article or article-number recall',\n    test:q => \/\\b(para|paragraph|rule|article|section|appendix|schedule|clause)\\s*[-\u2013]?\\s*\\d\/i.test(q.question+' '+q.options.join(' ')) },\n  { key:'period',    label:'Time limits and periods',\n    test:q => \/\\b\\d+\\s*(day|week|month|year|hour)s?\\b|\\b(one|two|three|four|five|six|seven|ten|fourteen|fifteen|twenty|twenty-five|thirty|forty-five|sixty|ninety)[\\s-](day|week|month|year)s?\\b\/i.test(q.options.join(' ')) },\n  { key:'money',     label:'Numbers, monetary limits and percentages',\n    test:q => \/\u20b9|\\bRs\\.?\\s*\\d|\\blakhs?\\b|\\bcrores?\\b|per\\s*cent|%|\\bone-(third|fourth|half|tenth)\\b\/i.test(q.options.join(' ')) },\n  { key:'authority', label:'Competent authority \/ level \/ who does what',\n    test:q => \/\\bwho\\b|\\bby whom\\b|\\bauthority\\b|\\brank of\\b|\\blevel of\\b|\\bnot below\\b|addressed to|shall be (signed|issued|approved|maintained|prepared|submitted)\/i.test(q.question+' '+q.options.join(' ')) },\n  { key:'negative',  label:'Negatively phrased (\u201cNOT correct\u201d, \u201cexcept\u201d)',\n    test:q => \/\\bnot correct\\b|\\bis incorrect\\b|\\bare not correct\\b|\\bexcept\\b|\\bdoes not\\b|\\bcannot\\b|\\bnot required\\b|\\bneed not\\b|\\bis\\\/are not\\b\/i.test(q.question) }\n];\nconst _shape = {};\nfunction shapeOf(q){ const u=uid(q); return _shape[u] || (_shape[u] = SHAPES.find(s=>s.test(q)) || SHAPES[SHAPES.length-1]); }\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   9. MODELS\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nfunction smoothed(c,i){ const k=CFG.priorStrength, p0=CFG.priorAccuracy; return (c + k*p0)\/(c + i + k); }\nfunction expectedRate(c,i,coverage){ return smoothed(c,i)*coverage + CFG.priorAccuracy*(1-coverage); }\nfunction recall(st){\n  if(!st || !st.last || st.correct<2) return null;\n  const R=CFG.retention, reps=Math.max(1, st.correct - st.incorrect);\n  const stability = R.baseDays * Math.pow(R.growth, reps-1);\n  return Math.exp(-((Date.now()-st.last)\/86400000)\/stability);\n}\nfunction retentionIndex(){\n  let s=0,n=0; QS.forEach(q=>{ const r=recall(P.stats[uid(q)]); if(r!==null){s+=r;n++;} });\n  return n ? Math.round(s\/n*100) : null;\n}\nfunction chapterRows(){\n  return CHAPTERS.map(c=>{\n    const qs=inCh(c), n=qs.length;\n    let att=0, ok=0, bad=0, mastSum=0;\n    qs.forEach(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)];\n      if(s && (s.correct+s.incorrect)>0){ att++; ok+=s.correct; bad+=s.incorrect; }\n      mastSum += s ? Math.min(s.correct\/CFG.masteryThreshold,1) : 0; });\n    const acc = (ok+bad) ? ok\/(ok+bad) : null;\n    const weight = weightOf(c), coverage = n?att\/n:0, mastery = n?mastSum\/n:0;\n    const expected = expectedRate(ok,bad,coverage);\n    const leak = weight*(1-expected);\n    const difficulty = acc===null ? 1 : (1.4 - 0.6*acc);\n    return { chapter:c, count:n, weight, source:W.source[c], att, ok, bad,\n             coverage, acc, mastery, expected, leak,\n             priority: weight*(1-mastery)*difficulty };\n  }).sort((a,b)=>b.weight-a.weight);\n}\nfunction readiness(){\n  const rows=chapterRows();\n  return {\n    score     : Math.round(rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.weight*r.mastery,0)*100),\n    projected : Math.round(rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.weight*r.expected,0)*100),\n    covered   : Math.round(rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.weight*r.coverage,0)*100),\n    touched   : Object.values(P.stats).some(s=>(s.correct+s.incorrect)>0),\n    rows\n  };\n}\nfunction masteredCount(){ return QS.filter(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)]; return s && s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold; }).length; }\nfunction formatRows(){\n  const acc={};\n  const ensure=(k,l,kind)=> acc[k] || (acc[k]={key:k,label:l,kind:kind,ok:0,bad:0,total:0,seen:0});\n  SHAPES.forEach(s=>ensure(s.key,s.label,'shape'));\n  TRAITS.forEach(t=>ensure(t.key,t.label,'trait'));\n  QS.forEach(q=>{\n    const s=P.stats[uid(q)], buckets=[acc[shapeOf(q).key]];\n    TRAITS.forEach(t=>{ if(t.test(q)) buckets.push(acc[t.key]); });\n    buckets.forEach(r=>{ r.total++; if(s && (s.correct+s.incorrect)>0){ r.seen++; r.ok+=s.correct; r.bad+=s.incorrect; } });\n  });\n  return Object.values(acc).map(r=>{ const n=r.ok+r.bad; r.attempts=n; r.acc = n? r.ok\/n : null; return r; })\n    .filter(r=>r.total>0);\n}\nfunction dueForRevision(){\n  const risk=CFG.retention.riskBelow;\n  return QS.map(q=>{\n    const st=P.stats[uid(q)], r=recall(st);\n    if(r===null || r>=risk) return null;\n    return { q, recall:r, days:Math.floor((Date.now()-st.last)\/86400000), urgency: weightOf(q.chapter)*(1-r) };\n  }).filter(Boolean).sort((a,b)=>b.urgency-a.urgency);\n}\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   10. SESSION PLANNER\n   Focused set \u2014 chapter time in proportion to the marks leaking out.\n   Mock paper  \u2014 ignores your history, mirrors the shape of the bank.\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nfunction gain(q){\n  const u=uid(q), st=P.stats[u], c=st?st.correct:0, i=st?st.incorrect:0;\n  const deficit = 1 - Math.min(c\/CFG.masteryThreshold, 1);\n  let urgency = 1 + 0.15*deficit;\n  if(weak.has(u)) urgency += 0.60;\n  const r = recall(st);\n  if(r!==null && r<CFG.retention.riskBelow) urgency += (1-r);\n  if(c+i===0) urgency += 0.15;\n  return weightOf(q.chapter)*(deficit+0.12)*urgency;\n}\nfunction allocate(rows,n,shareOf){\n  const total = rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+Math.max(0,shareOf(r)),0);\n  if(!(total>0)) return rows.map(r=>({r,slots:0}));\n  const out = rows.map(r=>{ const exact=n*Math.max(0,shareOf(r))\/total;\n    return {r, exact, slots:Math.min(Math.floor(exact), r.count)}; });\n  let left = n - out.reduce((a,x)=>a+x.slots,0);\n  out.slice().sort((a,b)=>(b.exact-b.slots)-(a.exact-a.slots))\n     .forEach(x=>{ if(left>0 && x.slots<x.r.count){ x.slots++; left--; } });\n  if(left>0) out.slice().sort((a,b)=>shareOf(b.r)-shareOf(a.r))\n     .forEach(x=>{ while(left>0 && x.slots<x.r.count){ x.slots++; left--; } });\n  return out;\n}\n\/* Fisher\u2013Yates, so the order of a sitting is never the order of the bank *\/\nfunction shuffle(a){\n  for(let i=a.length-1;i>0;i--){ const j=Math.floor(Math.random()*(i+1)); [a[i],a[j]]=[a[j],a[i]]; }\n  return a;\n}\n\/* Weighted sampling without replacement: a high score makes a question\n   likely, never certain. Two sittings built back to back therefore share\n   only part of their content instead of being identical. *\/\nfunction sampleWeighted(pool, n, scoreFn){\n  const items = pool.map(q=>({q, w:Math.max(scoreFn(q), 1e-9)}));\n  const out=[];\n  n = Math.min(n, items.length);\n  for(let k=0;k<n;k++){\n    let total=0; items.forEach(x=>total+=x.w);\n    let r=Math.random()*total, hit=items.length-1;\n    for(let i=0;i<items.length;i++){ r-=items[i].w; if(r<=0){ hit=i; break; } }\n    out.push(items[hit].q);\n    items.splice(hit,1);\n  }\n  return out;\n}\nfunction buildSession(kind){\n  const rows = chapterRows().filter(r=>r.count>0);\n  if(!rows.length) return 0;\n  const n = Math.min(kind==='mock'?CFG.mockSize:CFG.sessionSize, QS.length);\n  const alloc = allocate(rows, n, kind==='mock' ? (r=>r.weight) : (r=>r.leak));\n\n  \/\/ whatever you were given last time is pushed down, not banned\n  const last = new Set(P.queue||[]);\n  const fresh = u => last.has(u) ? 0.3 : 1;\n\n  const picked=[];\n  alloc.forEach(({r,slots})=>{\n    if(!slots) return;\n    const pool = inCh(r.chapter).slice();\n    if(kind==='mock'){\n      \/\/ the mock ignores how well you know a question and simply spreads\n      \/\/ itself over the bank, favouring what you have seen least\n      picked.push(...sampleWeighted(pool, slots, q=>{\n        const st=P.stats[uid(q)], seen=st?(st.correct+st.incorrect):0;\n        const stale=(st&&st.last) ? Math.min((Date.now()-st.last)\/(86400000*30),1) : 1;\n        return (1\/(1+seen*1.6) + 0.35*stale) * fresh(uid(q));\n      }));\n    } else {\n      picked.push(...sampleWeighted(pool, slots, q=>gain(q)*fresh(uid(q))));\n    }\n  });\n  shuffle(picked);\n  P.queue = picked.map(uid);\n  P.queueLabel = kind==='mock' ? 'Mock paper' : 'Focused set';\n  P.queueKind = kind;\n  save();\n  return picked.length;\n}\nfunction startSession(kind){\n  const had = (P.queue||[]).length;\n  const n = buildSession(kind);\n  if(!n){ toast('Nothing to build a session from yet'); return; }\n  setTab('quiz'); setFilter('session');\n  S.ans = {};                                   \/\/ a new sitting starts clean\n  toast(P.queueLabel+' ready \u2014 '+n+' fresh questions'+(had?' (previous set replaced)':''), true);\n}\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   11. POOL \/ FILTERS\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nfunction pool(){\n  let p = QS.slice();\n  if(S.filter==='chapter' && S.chapter) p = inCh(S.chapter).slice();\n  if(S.filter==='weak')    p = p.filter(q=>weak.has(uid(q)));\n  if(S.filter==='flagged') p = p.filter(q=>flags.has(uid(q)));\n  if(S.filter==='session') p = (P.queue||[]).map(u=>BY_UID.get(u)).filter(Boolean);\n  if(S.query){ const t=S.query.toLowerCase();\n    p = p.filter(q=>(q.question+' '+q.options.join(' ')+' '+q.explanation).toLowerCase().includes(t)); }\n  if(S.unattempted) p = p.filter(q=>S.ans[uid(q)]==null);\n  return p;\n}\nfunction refreshWeak(){\n  weak.clear();\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)];\n    if(s && s.incorrect>=CFG.weakThreshold && s.correct<CFG.masteryThreshold) weak.add(uid(q)); });\n  P.weak=[...weak];\n}\nrefreshWeak();\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   12. STEM RENDERING (statements + List-I \/ List-II)\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nconst cleanStem = t => String(t).replace(\/^\\s*(?:Q|Question)\\s*\\.?\\s*\\d+\\s*[.):\\-]\\s*\/i,'').trim();\nconst QN = '<span class=\"qno\">Q.<\/span>';   \/\/ the marker printed before every stem\nfunction buildStem(raw){\n  const lines = raw.split(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/).map(s=>s.trim()).filter(Boolean);\n  const plain = s => s.replace(\/<\\\/?b>\/g,'').trim();\n  const isMatch = lines.some(l=>\/^List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*I\\b\/i.test(plain(l)));\n  const numbered = lines.filter(l=>\/^\\d+[.)]\\s\/.test(plain(l)));\n  if(isMatch) return matchCard(lines, plain);\n  if(numbered.length>=2) return stmtCard(lines, plain);\n  return plainCard(lines);\n}\n\/* a single-statement question gets the same sheet as the other two, so\n   every question on the page reads the same way *\/\nfunction plainCard(lines){\n  return '<div class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><div class=\"qsheet\">'\n    + lines.map((l,i)=>'<p class=\"'+(i===0?'lead':'close')+'\">'+(i===0?QN:'')+l+'<\/p>').join('')\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\n}\nfunction stmtCard(lines, plain){\n  const isN = l => \/^\\d+[.)]\\s\/.test(plain(l));\n  const first = lines.findIndex(isN);\n  let last=-1; lines.forEach((l,i)=>{ if(isN(l)) last=i; });\n  const head = lines.slice(0,first), tail = lines.slice(last+1);\n  const items = lines.slice(first,last+1).filter(isN).map(l=>plain(l).replace(\/^\\d+[.)]\\s*\/,''));\n  return '<div class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><div class=\"qsheet\">'\n    + head.map((l,i)=>'<p class=\"'+(i===0?'lead':'intro')+'\">'+(i===0?QN:'')+l+'<\/p>').join('')\n    + '<ol class=\"stmts\">'+items.map(t=>'<li><span>'+t+'<\/span><\/li>').join('')+'<\/ol>'\n    + tail.map(l=>'<p class=\"close\">'+l+'<\/p>').join('')\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\n}\n\/* Match-the-following comes in every shape: one item per line, or the\n   whole list run together on a single line separated by semicolons or\n   commas, or nothing at all between items. All three are split here so\n   the two columns always come out as proper rows. *\/\nfunction splitItems(body, kind){\n  const lab = kind==='alpha' ? '[A-Fa-f]' : '\\\\d{1,2}';\n  const mk  = re => new RegExp(re.replace('LAB', lab), 'g');\n  let parts = body.split(mk('\\\\s*[;\\\\n]\\\\s*(?=LAB\\\\s*[.):]\\\\s)'));\n  if(parts.length < 2) parts = body.split(mk('\\\\s*,\\\\s*(?=LAB\\\\s*[.):]\\\\s)'));\n  if(parts.length < 2) parts = body.split(mk('(?<=\\\\S)\\\\s+(?=LAB\\\\s*[.)]\\\\s)'));\n  const re = new RegExp('^\\\\s*('+lab+')\\\\s*[.):]\\\\s*(.+?)\\\\s*[;,.]?\\\\s*$');\n  return parts.map(p=>{ const m=String(p).match(re);\n    return m ? {k:m[1].toUpperCase(), v:m[2]} : null; }).filter(Boolean);\n}\nfunction matchCard(lines, plain){\n  \/\/ keep line breaks, normalise only runs of spaces\n  const text = lines.map(plain).join('\\n').replace(\/[ \\t]+\/g,' ').trim();\n\n  \/* The opening line almost always names both lists \u2014 \"Match List-I with\n     List-II and select\u2026\" \u2014 so the first occurrence of each is the wrong\n     one. Take the last List-I that actually has items after it, and the\n     first List-II following that. *\/\n  const at = re => [...text.matchAll(re)].map(m=>m.index);\n  const posI  = at(\/List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*I\\b\/gi);\n  const posII = at(\/List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*II\\b\/gi);\n  const hasItems = (str,kind) =>\n    (kind==='alpha' ? \/[A-F]\\s*[.):]\\s\/ : \/\\d{1,2}\\s*[.):]\\s\/).test(str);\n  let iI=-1, iII=-1;\n  for(let k=posI.length-1;k>=0 && iI<0;k--){\n    const ii = posII.find(x=>x>posI[k]);\n    if(ii===undefined) continue;\n    if(hasItems(text.slice(posI[k],ii),'alpha') && hasItems(text.slice(ii),'num')){ iI=posI[k]; iII=ii; }\n  }\n  if(iI<0 || iII<0) return plainCard(lines);\n\n  const head  = text.slice(0, iI).trim();\n  let segI    = text.slice(iI, iII).trim();\n  let segII   = text.slice(iII).trim();\n\n  \/\/ anything after the lists \u2014 \"Code :\", \"Select the correct answer\u2026\"\n  let tail = '';\n  const t = segII.match(\/(?:\\n|\\s)(Code\\s*[:.]?\\s*$|(?:Select|Choose)\\b[\\s\\S]*$)\/i);\n  if(t){ tail = t[1].trim(); segII = segII.slice(0, t.index).trim(); }\n\n  \/\/ column captions: \"List-I (Purpose of Leave) :\"\n  const capRe = \/^List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*I{1,2}\\b\\s*(\\([^)]*\\))?\\s*[:.]?\\s*\/i;\n  const hI  = segI.match(capRe),  hII = segII.match(capRe);\n  const capI  = hI  ? hI[0].replace(\/[\\s:.]+$\/,'')  : 'List-I';\n  const capII = hII ? hII[0].replace(\/[\\s:.]+$\/,'') : 'List-II';\n  const rowsI  = splitItems(hI  ? segI.slice(hI[0].length)  : segI,  'alpha');\n  const rowsII = splitItems(hII ? segII.slice(hII[0].length): segII, 'num');\n  if(!rowsI.length || !rowsII.length) return plainCard(lines);\n\n  const cell = x => '<li><b>'+x.k+'.<\/b><span>'+x.v+'<\/span><\/li>';\n  const headLines = head ? head.split('\\n').filter(Boolean) : [];\n  return '<div class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><div class=\"qsheet\">'\n    + (headLines.length\n        ? headLines.map((l,i)=>'<p class=\"'+(i===0?'lead':'intro')+'\">'+(i===0?QN:'')+l+'<\/p>').join('')\n        : '<p class=\"lead\">'+QN+'Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:<\/p>')\n    + '<div class=\"lists\">'\n      + '<div class=\"lcol\"><h5>'+capI+'<\/h5><ul>'+rowsI.map(cell).join('')+'<\/ul><\/div>'\n      + '<div class=\"lcol\"><h5>'+capII+'<\/h5><ul>'+rowsII.map(cell).join('')+'<\/ul><\/div>'\n    + '<\/div>'\n    + '<p class=\"close\">'+(tail || 'Select the correct answer using the code given below:')+'<\/p>'\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\n}\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   13. UI HELPERS\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nconst $ = id => document.getElementById(id);\nlet toastTimer=null;\nfunction toast(msg, ok){\n  const t=$('toast'); t.innerHTML=msg; t.className='toast show'+(ok?' ok':'');\n  clearTimeout(toastTimer); toastTimer=setTimeout(()=>t.className='toast',3000);\n}\nconst SRC_ON = !!(CFG.sourceUrl && CFG.sourceUrl.trim());\nconst stripHtml = s => String(s).replace(\/<[^>]+>\/g,'').replace(\/\\s+\/g,' ').trim();\nconst preview = (q,n) => { const t=stripHtml(q.question); return t.length>n ? t.slice(0,n)+'\u2026' : t; };\nfunction stars(u){\n  const s=P.stats[u]; if(!s || (s.correct+s.incorrect)===0) return null;\n  return { filled: Math.min(s.correct, CFG.masteryThreshold), c:s.correct, i:s.incorrect };\n}\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   14. RENDER \u2014 PRACTICE\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nfunction renderCtx(){\n  const panel=$('chapPanel');\n  const on = S.filter==='chapter';\n  panel.classList.toggle('hide', !on);\n  if(!on) return;\n  const rows = chapterRows().filter(r=>r.count>0).sort(byChapterOrder);\n  if(!S.chapter || !rows.some(r=>r.chapter===S.chapter)) S.chapter = rows[0] ? rows[0].chapter : null;\n  $('chapList').innerHTML = rows.map((r,n)=>{\n    const sel = r.chapter===S.chapter;\n    const mastered = inCh(r.chapter).filter(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)]; return s && s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold; }).length;\n    const title = r.chapter+' \u00b7 '+r.count+' question'+(r.count===1?'':'s')+' \u00b7 '\n                + Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'% seen'+(mastered?' \u00b7 '+mastered+' mastered':'');\n    return '<button class=\"chapchip\" aria-pressed=\"'+sel+'\" data-ch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.chapter)+'\" title=\"'+title+'\">'\n      + '<span class=\"no\">'+(n+1)+'<\/span>'\n      + '<span class=\"cn\">'+titleCase(r.chapter)+'<\/span>'\n\n      + (mastered===r.count ? '<span class=\"done\">\u2713<\/span>' : '')\n      + '<span class=\"cc\">'+r.count+'<\/span><\/button>';\n  }).join('');\n  const r = rows.find(x=>x.chapter===S.chapter);\n  $('ctxMeta').textContent = r\n    ? Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'% seen \u00b7 '+(r.acc===null?'not attempted':Math.round(r.acc*100)+'% accurate')\n    : '';\n}\nfunction render(){\n  renderCtx();\n  const p = pool();\n  const ec = $('emptyCard');\n  if(!p.length){\n    $('qCard').classList.add('hide'); ec.classList.remove('hide');\n    $('emptyBody').innerHTML =\n      S.query    ? '<b>No match for \u201c'+S.query+'\u201d<\/b>Try a rule or paragraph number, or a phrase like \u201cpart file\u201d.' :\n      S.filter==='weak'    ? '<b>No weak areas yet<\/b>Anything you answer wrong lands here until you have it right '+CFG.masteryThreshold+' times.' :\n      S.filter==='flagged' ? '<b>Nothing flagged yet<\/b>Press <b style=\"display:inline\">Flag for review<\/b> under any question and it collects here.' :\n      S.filter==='session' ? '<b>No session built yet<\/b>Open My Performance and build a Focused set or a Mock paper.' :\n      S.unattempted        ? '<b>You have attempted everything here<\/b>Turn off \u201cUnattempted only\u201d to revise what you have done.' :\n                             '<b>No questions in this selection<\/b>Clear the search or pick another chapter.';\n    renderNav(p); rail(p); return;\n  }\n  ec.classList.add('hide'); $('qCard').classList.remove('hide');\n  if(S.i>=p.length) S.i=0; if(S.i<0) S.i=p.length-1;\n\n  const q=p[S.i], u=uid(q), given=S.ans[u];\n  $('qCount').textContent = 'Question '+(S.i+1)+' of '+p.length;\n  $('qChap').textContent  = chBrief(q.chapter);\n  const tags=[];\n  if(weak.has(u))  tags.push('<span class=\"qtag weak\">\u26a0\ufe0f Weak<\/span>');\n  if(flags.has(u)) tags.push('<span class=\"qtag flag\">\ud83d\udd16 Flagged<\/span>');\n  const sMast=P.stats[u];\n  if(sMast && sMast.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold) tags.push('<span class=\"qtag done\">\u2713 Mastered<\/span>');\n  $('qTags').innerHTML = tags.join('');\n  const st = stars(u), badge=$('qMastery');\n  if(!st){ badge.textContent='Not seen yet'; badge.className='badge-m'; }\n  else {\n    const done = st.c>=CFG.masteryThreshold;\n    badge.textContent = '\u2605'.repeat(st.filled)+'\u2606'.repeat(Math.max(0,CFG.masteryThreshold-st.filled))+'  '+st.c+'\u2713 '+st.i+'\u2717';\n    badge.className = 'badge-m'+(weak.has(u)&&!done?' weak':'');\n  }\n  $('qStem').outerHTML = buildStem(cleanStem(q.question));\n\n  const box=$('qOpts'); box.innerHTML='';\n  q.options.forEach((o,k)=>{\n    const b=document.createElement('button');\n    b.className='opt';\n    b.innerHTML='<span class=\"key\">('+L[k].toLowerCase()+')<\/span><span class=\"txt\">'+o+'<\/span>';\n    if(given!=null){\n      b.disabled=true;\n      if(k===q.correct){ b.classList.add('right'); b.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend','<span class=\"mark r\">Correct<\/span>'); }\n      else if(k===given){ b.classList.add('wrong'); b.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend','<span class=\"mark w\">Your answer<\/span>'); }\n    } else if(S.pick===k) b.classList.add('sel');\n    b.onclick=()=>{ if(given!=null) return; S.pick=k; S.nudge=false; render(); };\n    box.appendChild(b);\n  });\n\n  const bc=$('btnCheck');\n  bc.disabled = given!=null;\n  bc.textContent = given!=null ? 'Answered \u2713' : 'Check answer';\n  $('pickHint').classList.toggle('hide', !(given==null && S.pick==null && S.nudge));\n  const on = flags.has(u);\n  $('btnFlag').setAttribute('aria-pressed', on);\n  $('flagIco').textContent = on ? '\ud83d\udd16' : '\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f';\n  $('flagTxt').textContent = on ? 'Flagged' : 'Flag for review';\n\n  const res=$('result');\n  res.classList.toggle('hide', given==null);\n  if(given!=null){\n    const ok = given===q.correct, v=$('verdict');\n    v.className='verdict '+(ok?'r':'w');\n    v.innerHTML = ok ? '\u2713 Correct \u2014 '+L[q.correct]+' is right'\n                     : '\u2715 Not quite \u2014 the answer is '+L[q.correct];\n    $('explBody').innerHTML = q.explanation;\n  }\n  renderNav(p); rail(p);\n}\nlet navOpen=true;\nfunction renderNav(p){\n  const card=$('navCard');\n  if(!p.length){ card.classList.add('hide'); return; }\n  card.classList.remove('hide');\n  const done=p.filter(q=>S.ans[uid(q)]!=null).length;\n  $('navTitle').textContent = 'Navigator \u2014 '+done+' of '+p.length+' attempted';\n  const g=$('navGrid');\n  g.classList.toggle('hide', !navOpen);\n  $('navToggle').textContent = navOpen ? 'Hide' : 'Show';\n  if(!navOpen) return;\n  g.innerHTML='';\n  p.forEach((q,k)=>{\n    const u=uid(q), a=S.ans[u], s=P.stats[u];\n    const b=document.createElement('button');\n    b.className='nq'+(k===S.i?' cur':(a!=null?(a===q.correct?' r':' w'):''))\n              + (s && s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold ? ' mastered':'');\n    b.innerHTML=(k+1)+(flags.has(u)?'<span class=\"fl\">\ud83d\udd16<\/span>':'');\n    b.title = 'Q'+(k+1)+' \u00b7 '+chBrief(q.chapter)+(a!=null?(a===q.correct?' \u00b7 correct':' \u00b7 wrong'):'');\n    b.setAttribute('aria-label','Go to question '+(k+1));\n    b.onclick=()=>{ S.i=k; S.pick=null; render(); };\n    g.appendChild(b);\n  });\n}\nfunction rail(p){\n  const seen=Object.keys(S.ans).length;\n  const right=Object.entries(S.ans).filter(([u,a])=>BY_UID.get(u) && BY_UID.get(u).correct===a).length;\n  $('sPct').textContent = seen ? Math.round(right\/seen*100)+'%' : '\u2014';\n  $('sFrac').textContent = right+' of '+seen+' correct';\n  $('sBar').style.width = (seen?right\/seen*100:0)+'%';\n  $('sSeen').textContent = seen+' attempted';\n  $('sLeft').textContent = Math.max(0,p.length-S.i-1)+' left here';\n  const st=$('streak'); st.innerHTML='';\n  Object.entries(S.ans).slice(-10).forEach(([u,a])=>{\n    const q=BY_UID.get(u); if(!q) return;\n    const el=document.createElement('i'); el.className = q.correct===a?'r':'w'; st.appendChild(el);\n  });\n  const chs=[...new Set(p.map(q=>q.chapter))];\n  const w=chs.reduce((s,c)=>s+weightOf(c),0)*100;\n  $('wPct').textContent = w.toFixed(1)+'%';\n  $('wNote').textContent = p.length+' questions on screen, from '+chs.length+' '+(chs.length===1?'chapter':'chapters')+'. '\n    + (w>=35 ? 'That is a big slice in one sitting \u2014 worth clearing properly.' : 'Useful for topping up once the bigger chapters are secure.');\n  hdr();\n}\nfunction hdr(){\n  $('hQ').textContent = QS.length;\n  $('hCh').textContent = CHAPTERS.length;\n  $('hMastered').textContent = (QS.length ? Math.round(masteredCount()\/QS.length*100) : 0)+'%';\n  const r=readiness();\n  $('hReady').textContent = r.touched ? r.score+'%' : '\u2014';\n  $('fAll').textContent  = QS.length;\n  $('fWeak').textContent = weak.size;\n  $('fFlag').textContent = flags.size;\n  $('fSess').textContent = (P.queue||[]).length;\n  $('pillSession').classList.toggle('hide', !(P.queue||[]).length);\n  $('sessLabel').textContent = P.queueLabel || 'My session';\n  $('perfPill').classList.toggle('hide', weak.size<5);\n}\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   15. RENDER \u2014 PERFORMANCE\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nfunction renderPerf(){\n  const body=$('perfBody');\n  const seen=Object.values(P.stats).filter(s=>(s.correct+s.incorrect)>0).length;\n  $('perfCount').textContent = seen+' questions attempted';\n\n  if(!QS.length){ body.innerHTML='<div class=\"empty\"><b>No questions loaded<\/b>Paste your bank into <code>chapterQuestions<\/code> and reload.<\/div>'; return; }\n  const R = readiness();\n  if(!R.touched){\n    body.innerHTML = '<div class=\"empty\"><b>Your coach is waiting for data<\/b>Answer a few questions in Practice. '\n      + 'The coach then scores your readiness against the weightage of each chapter, works out where marks are leaking, and builds the next sitting for you.<\/div>'\n      + plannerHTML(true);\n    bindPerf(); return;\n  }\n  const rows=R.rows, byPriority=[...rows].sort((a,b)=>b.priority-a.priority);\n  const allC=Object.values(P.stats).reduce((a,s)=>a+s.correct,0);\n  const allI=Object.values(P.stats).reduce((a,s)=>a+s.incorrect,0);\n  const accAll = (allC+allI) ? Math.round(allC\/(allC+allI)*100) : 0;\n  const recent = P.log.slice(-20);\n  const accRec = recent.length ? Math.round(recent.filter(x=>x.ok).length\/recent.length*100) : 0;\n  const trend = recent.length>=5 ? (accRec>accAll?' \u2197':(accRec<accAll?' \u2198':'')) : '';\n  const ret = retentionIndex();\n  const due = dueForRevision();\n  const band=(v,hi,mid)=> v>=hi?'var(--ok)': v>=mid?'#8A6206':'var(--bad)';\n\n  const verdict = R.score>=80 ? '<b>In good shape.<\/b> Hold it there with the revision queue and weak-area drills.'\n    : R.score>=60 ? '<b>Strong base.<\/b> Close the gaps in the biggest chapters below to cross 80.'\n    : R.score>=35 ? '<b>Building up.<\/b> Work the plan top-down \u2014 it is ordered by what will move this number fastest.'\n    : '<b>Early stage.<\/b> Start at the top of the plan; the biggest chapters move this number fastest.';\n\n  body.innerHTML =\n  '<div class=\"hero2\">'\n  + '<div class=\"ring-card\"><div class=\"ring\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Readiness '+R.score+' out of 100\">'\n    + '<svg width=\"150\" height=\"150\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle class=\"bg\" cx=\"75\" cy=\"75\" r=\"64\"><\/circle>'\n    + '<circle class=\"fg\" cx=\"75\" cy=\"75\" r=\"64\" stroke-dasharray=\"402\" stroke-dashoffset=\"'+(402-402*R.score\/100)+'\"><\/circle><\/svg>'\n    + '<div class=\"ring-txt\"><b>'+R.score+'<\/b><span>Readiness \/ 100<\/span><\/div><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"verdict2\">'+verdict+'<br><span style=\"font-size:11.6px;opacity:.85\">'+T.readyDef+' across '+CHAPTERS.length\n    + ' chapters. On today\\u2019s form '+T.paperOut+' <b>'+R.projected+'%<\/b>.<\/span><\/div><\/div>'\n  + '<div class=\"coach\"><h4>\ud83e\udded What to do next<\/h4><div id=\"recoList\"><\/div><\/div>'\n  + '<\/div>'\n\n  + plannerHTML(false)\n\n  + '<div class=\"kpis\">'\n    + kpi(R.projected+'%',T.projected, band(R.projected,65,45))\n    + kpi(R.covered+'%',T.covered, band(R.covered,70,40))\n    + kpi(ret===null?'\u2014':ret+'%','Retention now', ret===null?'var(--slate)':band(ret,75,55))\n    + kpi(accAll+'%','Lifetime accuracy', band(accAll,70,45))\n    + kpi(accRec+'%'+trend,'Last 20 attempts', band(accRec,70,45))\n    + kpi(masteredCount(),'Mastered ('+CFG.masteryThreshold+'\u2713)','var(--ok)')\n    + kpi(weak.size,'Weak questions','var(--bad)')\n    + kpi(flags.size,'Flagged','#8A6206')\n  + '<\/div>'\n\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\n    + '<h4><span class=\"dot\"><\/span>Chapter performance \u2014 priority first<\/h4>'\n    + '<p>Ordered by what will move your readiness fastest, not by chapter number.<\/p><\/div>'\n    + '<span class=\"pbtag\">'+rows.length+' chapters<\/span><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"tblwrap\" style=\"border:0;border-radius:0\"><table class=\"perf-t\"><thead><tr>'\n    + '<th>Chapter<\/th>'+(WT?'<th>'+T.colWeight+'<\/th>':'')+'<th>Coverage<\/th><th>Accuracy<\/th><th>Expected<\/th><th>Status<\/th><th><\/th>'\n    + '<\/tr><\/thead><tbody>'\n    + byPriority.map(r=>{\n        const a = r.acc===null?null:Math.round(r.acc*100);\n        const tag = r.count===0 ? '<span class=\"tag na\">No questions<\/span>'\n          : r.acc===null ? '<span class=\"tag na\">Not started<\/span>'\n          : a<45 ? '<span class=\"tag hot\">Critical<\/span>'\n          : a<65 ? '<span class=\"tag warm\">Needs work<\/span>'\n          : a<85 ? '<span class=\"tag ok\">On track<\/span>'\n                 : '<span class=\"tag good\">Strong<\/span>';\n        const bar = a===null ? '\u2014'\n          : '<div class=\"tbar\"><i style=\"width:'+a+'%;background:'+(a<45?'var(--bad)':a<65?'var(--gold)':'var(--ok)')+'\"><\/i><\/div><span style=\"font-size:11.5px;font-weight:700\">'+a+'%<\/span>';\n        const wcell = WT\n          ? '<td><b style=\"color:#8A6206;font-size:15px\">'+pctLabel(r.weight)+'<\/b>'\n            + '<span class=\"sub\">'+(r.source==='rated'?'you rated this':'not rated yet')+'<\/span><\/td>'\n          : '';\n        return '<tr><td title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+chBrief(r.chapter)\n          + '<span class=\"sub\">'+r.count+' question'+(r.count===1?'':'s')+'<\/span><\/td>'\n          + wcell\n          + '<td>'+r.att+'\/'+r.count+'<span class=\"sub\">'+Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'% seen<\/span><\/td>'\n          + '<td>'+bar+'<\/td>'\n          + '<td><b>'+Math.round(r.expected*100)+'%<\/b><span class=\"sub\">\u2248 '+(r.leak*100).toFixed(1)+' '+T.leakWord+' lost<\/span><\/td>'\n          + '<td>'+tag+'<\/td>'\n          + '<td><button class=\"mini-go\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.chapter)+'\">Drill<\/button><\/td><\/tr>';\n      }).join('')\n    + '<\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section>'\n\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\n    + '<h4><span class=\"dot\"><\/span>'+T.leakHead+'<\/h4>'\n    + '<p id=\"leakNote\"><\/p><\/div>'\n    + '<span class=\"pbtag\">'+rows.filter(r=>r.count>0).length+' chapters<\/span><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"leakBars\"><\/div><\/section>'\n\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\n    + '<h4><span class=\"dot\"><\/span>How you handle each kind of question<\/h4>'\n    + '<p id=\"fmtNote\"><\/p><\/div>'\n    + '<span class=\"pbtag\">Format analysis<\/span><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"subhead\"><h5>How the question is built<\/h5><span>one shape per question<\/span><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"shapeBars\"><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"subhead\"><h5>What the question turns on<\/h5><span>a question can sit in more than one \u2014 a time limit asked as a multi-statement code counts on both<\/span><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"traitBars\"><\/div><\/section>'\n\n  + '<div class=\"split\">'\n    + '<div class=\"panel\"><h4 class=\"ph\">Revision queue \u2014 what is fading fastest<\/h4><div id=\"revQ\"><\/div><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"panel\"><h4 class=\"ph\">Mastery distribution<\/h4><div id=\"mastDist\"><\/div><\/div>'\n  + '<\/div>'\n\n  + '<div class=\"danger\"><p><b>Danger zone.<\/b> This permanently erases your lifetime performance for this subject \u2014 mastery, weak areas, flags, accuracy history and the readiness score. Reset session on the Practice tab does <b>not<\/b> touch this.<\/p>'\n    + '<button class=\"dbtn\" id=\"btnWipe\">\ud83d\uddd1\ufe0f Reset my performance<\/button><\/div>';\n\n  renderRecos(byPriority, rows, due);\n  renderLeaks(rows);\n  renderFormats();\n  renderRevision(due);\n  renderMastery();\n  bindPerf();\n}\nfunction kpi(v,l,color){ return '<div class=\"kpi\"><b style=\"color:'+color+'\">'+v+'<\/b><span>'+l+'<\/span><\/div>'; }\nfunction plannerHTML(empty){\n  const rows=chapterRows().filter(r=>r.count>0).sort((a,b)=>b.leak-a.leak).slice(0,2).map(r=>chShort(r.chapter));\n  return '<div class=\"planner\"><div><h4>Plan the next sitting<\/h4><p id=\"plannerNote\">'\n    + (empty\n        ? 'The focused set gives each chapter time in proportion to what you are losing in it. The mock paper ignores your history and mirrors the shape of the whole bank. Neither is fixed \\u2014 build again and you get a fresh set of questions.'\n        : 'The focused set gives each chapter time in proportion to what is leaking out of it \\u2014 right now mostly <b>'+rows.join('<\/b> and <b>')+'<\/b>. The mock paper ignores your history and mirrors the shape of the whole bank. Neither is fixed: press again for a fresh set, and last time\\u2019s questions are pushed to the back of the queue.')\n    + '<\/p><\/div><div class=\"pbtns\">'\n    + '<button class=\"pbtn primary\" id=\"btnFocus\">\ud83e\udde9 Focused set \u2014 '+Math.min(CFG.sessionSize,QS.length)+' Q<\/button>'\n    + '<button class=\"pbtn\" id=\"btnMock\">\ud83d\udcc4 Mock paper \u2014 '+Math.min(CFG.mockSize,QS.length)+' Q<\/button>'\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\n}\nfunction renderRecos(byPriority, rows, due){\n  const out=[], named=new Set();\n  byPriority.slice(0,3).forEach(r=>{\n    if(!r.count) return;\n    named.add(r.chapter);\n    const imp = impPhrase(r);\n    if(r.acc===null)\n      out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83e\udded',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(imp?' is '+imp+' and':'')+' you have not touched it yet \u2014 start here.',ch:r.chapter});\n    else if(r.acc<0.6)\n      out.push({ic:'hot',icon:'\ud83d\udd25',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(imp?', '+imp+',':'')+' is running at only <b>'+Math.round(r.acc*100)+'%<\/b> \u2014 about <b>'+(r.leak*100).toFixed(1)+' '+T.leakWord+' per 100<\/b> are going here.',ch:r.chapter});\n    else if(r.coverage<0.6)\n      out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\ud83d\udd0d',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>: accuracy is fine at '+Math.round(r.acc*100)+'%, but you have seen only <b>'+Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'%<\/b> of a chapter'+(imp?' '+imp:'')+' \u2014 finish the set.',ch:r.chapter});\n    else\n      out.push({ic:'good',icon:'\u2705',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(imp?' ('+stripHtml(imp)+')':'')+' is in good shape at '+Math.round(r.acc*100)+'% \u2014 keep it warm through the revision queue.',ch:r.chapter});\n  });\n\n  \/\/ a format gap costs you in every chapter at once\n  const f = formatRows().filter(r=>r.acc!==null && r.attempts>=8).sort((a,b)=>a.acc-b.acc);\n  if(f.length>=2){\n    const worst=f[0], best=f[f.length-1];\n    if(best.acc-worst.acc >= 0.12){\n      const tail = worst.kind==='shape'\n        ? 'That is a reading habit, not a gap in the rules \u2014 and it costs you in every chapter at once.'\n        : 'That is recall, not comprehension \u2014 these have to be committed to memory, and they turn up everywhere.';\n      out.push({ic:'hot',icon:'\ud83e\udde9',txt:'<b>'+worst.label+'<\/b> questions are running at <b>'+Math.round(worst.acc*100)+'%<\/b> while you sit at '+Math.round(best.acc*100)+'% on '+best.label.toLowerCase()+'. '+tail});\n    }\n  }\n  \/\/ big chapter you have exhausted\n  const done = rows.filter(r=>!named.has(r.chapter) && r.weight>=0.08 && r.coverage>=0.9 && r.count>0).sort((a,b)=>b.weight-a.weight)[0];\n  if(done) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83d\udcd8',txt:'You have worked nearly every question in <b>'+chBrief(done.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(impPhrase(done)?', '+impPhrase(done):'')+'. Practice has given what it can \u2014 go back to the source text for the rest.',ch:done.chapter});\n  if(WT && W.unstocked.length)\n    out.push({ic:'hot',icon:'\ud83d\udd73\ufe0f',txt:'<b>'+W.unstocked.length+' rated '+(W.unstocked.length===1?'chapter has':'chapters have')+' no questions in this bank<\/b> \u2014 '+W.unstocked.slice(0,3).map(chBrief).join(', ')+(W.unstocked.length>3?' and others':'')+'. Nothing here prepares you for them.'});\n  if(weak.size>=3) out.push({ic:'hot',icon:'\u26a0\ufe0f',txt:'You have <b>'+weak.size+' weak questions<\/b> flagged, biggest chapter first. One Weak-areas sitting clears the backlog.',weak:true});\n  if(due.length) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83d\udd01',txt:'<b>'+due.length+' questions<\/b> you had mastered have decayed below <b>'+Math.round(CFG.retention.riskBelow*100)+'% recall<\/b>. Re-answering one costs seconds; re-learning it later costs an evening.'});\n  if(flags.size) out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\ud83d\udd16',txt:'<b>'+flags.size+'<\/b> question'+(flags.size>1?'s are':' is')+' flagged for review. Clear the flags before the next mock.',flag:true});\n\n  $('recoList').innerHTML = out.map(r=>{\n    let btn='';\n    if(r.ch)        btn='<button class=\"go\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.ch)+'\">Practice \u2192<\/button>';\n    else if(r.weak) btn='<button class=\"go\" data-goweak=\"1\">Start \u2192<\/button>';\n    else if(r.flag) btn='<button class=\"go\" data-goflag=\"1\">Open \u2192<\/button>';\n    return '<div class=\"reco\"><span class=\"ic '+r.ic+'\">'+r.icon+'<\/span><p>'+r.txt+'<\/p>'+btn+'<\/div>';\n  }).join('');\n}\nfunction renderLeaks(rows){\n  const list = rows.filter(r=>r.count>0).sort((a,b)=>b.leak-a.leak);\n  if(!list.length) return;\n  const max = Math.max(0.0001, ...list.map(r=>r.leak));\n  const total = list.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.leak,0)*100;\n  const top3 = list.slice(0,3);\n  $('leakNote').innerHTML = 'On today\\u2019s form you would expect to drop about <b>'+Math.round(total)+' '+T.leakWord+' in every 100<\/b>. <b>'\n    + top3.map(r=>chShort(r.chapter)).join(', ')+'<\/b> alone account for <b>'+Math.round(top3.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.leak,0)*100)\n    + '<\/b> of them \u2014 the shortest route to a better score.';\n  $('leakBars').innerHTML = list.map(r=>{\n    const m=r.leak*100;\n    const col = m>=8?'linear-gradient(90deg,#F08A92,var(--bad))' : m>=4?'linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold))' : 'linear-gradient(90deg,#9DB6EE,var(--blue-700))';\n    return '<div class=\"lrow\"><div><span class=\"lname\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/span>'\n      + '<span class=\"lsub\">'+(impPhrase(r)?stripHtml(impPhrase(r))+' \u00b7 ':'')+'you would clear about '+Math.round(r.expected*100)+'% today<\/span><\/div>'\n      + '<div class=\"ltrack\"><div class=\"lfill\" style=\"width:'+(r.leak\/max*100)+'%;background:'+col+'\"><\/div><\/div>'\n      + '<div class=\"lval\">'+m.toFixed(1)+'<small>'+T.leakUnit+'<\/small><\/div><\/div>';\n  }).join('');\n}\nfunction renderFormats(){\n  const rows=formatRows();\n  const bar = r => {\n    const p = r.acc===null?null:Math.round(r.acc*100);\n    const col = p===null?'#CBD5E1' : p<50?'linear-gradient(90deg,#F08A92,var(--bad))' : p<70?'linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold))' : 'linear-gradient(90deg,#6EE7B7,var(--ok))';\n    return '<div class=\"lrow\"><div><span class=\"lname\">'+r.label+'<\/span>'\n      + '<span class=\"lsub\">'+r.total+' in this bank \u00b7 '+r.seen+' attempted<\/span><\/div>'\n      + '<div class=\"ltrack\"><div class=\"lfill\" style=\"width:'+(p===null?0:p)+'%;background:'+col+'\"><\/div><\/div>'\n      + '<div class=\"lval\">'+(p===null?'\u2014':p+'%')+'<small>accuracy<\/small><\/div><\/div>';\n  };\n  const sorter=(a,b)=>(a.acc===null)-(b.acc===null)||(a.acc-b.acc);\n  $('shapeBars').innerHTML = rows.filter(r=>r.kind==='shape').sort(sorter).map(bar).join('');\n  $('traitBars').innerHTML = rows.filter(r=>r.kind==='trait').sort(sorter).map(bar).join('');\n  const rated = rows.filter(r=>r.acc!==null && r.attempts>=8).sort(sorter);\n  $('fmtNote').innerHTML = rated.length>=2\n    ? (()=>{ const w=rated[0], b=rated[rated.length-1], gap=Math.round((b.acc-w.acc)*100);\n        return gap>=12\n          ? 'Your weakest kind of question is <b>'+w.label+'<\/b> at <b>'+Math.round(w.acc*100)+'%<\/b>, against <b>'+Math.round(b.acc*100)+'%<\/b> on '+b.label.toLowerCase()+' \u2014 a <b>'+gap+'-point<\/b> gap. That is worth more than any single chapter, because these turn up in all of them.'\n          : 'You handle the different kinds of question evenly, within <b>'+gap+' points<\/b> of each other. Nothing to fix here \u2014 keep working the chapter list.'; })()\n    : 'Attempt a few more and this will show whether the format is costing you more than the topic.';\n}\nfunction renderRevision(due){\n  $('revQ').innerHTML = due.length\n    ? due.slice(0,8).map(d=>'<button class=\"rev\" data-gouid=\"'+encodeURIComponent(uid(d.q))+'\">'\n        + '<span class=\"n\">Q'+d.q.id+'<\/span><span class=\"t\">'+preview(d.q,58)+'<\/span>'\n        + '<span class=\"d\">'+Math.round(d.recall*100)+'% recall<\/span><\/button>').join('')\n    : '<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.6\">Nothing decaying right now. Mastered questions return here as their estimated recall drops below '+Math.round(CFG.retention.riskBelow*100)+'%.<\/p>';\n}\nfunction renderMastery(){\n  const b=[0,0,0,0];\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)];\n    if(!s || (s.correct+s.incorrect)===0) b[0]++;\n    else if(s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold) b[3]++;\n    else if(s.correct>=2) b[2]++;\n    else b[1]++; });\n  const labels=['Untouched','Learning (0\u20131 \u2713)','Almost there (2 \u2713)','Mastered ('+CFG.masteryThreshold+' \u2713+)'];\n  const cols=['#CBD5E1','var(--gold)','var(--blue-700)','var(--ok)'];\n  $('mastDist').innerHTML = b.map((n,i)=>\n    '<div class=\"lrow\" style=\"grid-template-columns:minmax(120px,1fr) 2fr 54px\"><span class=\"lname\">'+labels[i]+'<\/span>'\n    + '<div class=\"ltrack\"><div class=\"lfill\" style=\"width:'+(QS.length?n\/QS.length*100:0)+'%;background:'+cols[i]+'\"><\/div><\/div>'\n    + '<div class=\"lval\" style=\"font-size:15px\">'+n+'<\/div><\/div>').join('');\n}\nfunction bindPerf(){\n  const f=$('btnFocus'), m=$('btnMock'), w=$('btnWipe');\n  if(f) f.onclick=()=>startSession('focus');\n  if(m) m.onclick=()=>startSession('mock');\n  if(w) w.onclick=wipe;\n}\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   16. ANSWERING\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nfunction check(){\n  const p=pool(), q=p[S.i]; if(!q) return;\n  if(S.pick==null){ S.nudge=true; render(); return; }\n  const u=uid(q), ok = S.pick===q.correct;\n  S.ans[u]=S.pick; S.pick=null; S.nudge=false;\n  const s=stat(u);\n  ok ? s.correct++ : s.incorrect++;\n  s.last=Date.now(); s.lastOk=ok;\n  P.log.push({u, ok, ts:Date.now()});\n  P.lastUid=u;\n  refreshWeak(); save(); render();\n  const res=$('result'); if(res && res.scrollIntoView) try{ res.scrollIntoView({block:'nearest',behavior:'smooth'}); }catch(e){}\n}\nfunction wipe(){\n  if(!confirm('Permanently erase ALL lifetime performance for this subject?\\n\\nMastery, weak areas, flags, accuracy history, the built session and the readiness score all go. This cannot be undone.')) return;\n  P = blank(); flags.clear(); weak.clear(); S.ans={};\n  save(); setFilter('all'); renderPerf(); hdr();\n  toast('Lifetime performance erased', true);\n}\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   18. EVENTS\n   ===================================================================== *\/\nfunction setTab(t){\n  S.tab=t;\n  document.querySelectorAll('#cdRoot .tab').forEach(b=>b.setAttribute('aria-selected', b.dataset.tab===t));\n  $('viewQuiz').classList.toggle('hide', t!=='quiz');\n  $('viewPerf').classList.toggle('hide', t!=='perf');\n  $('cdFilters').classList.toggle('hide', t!=='quiz');\n  if(t==='perf') renderPerf();\n}\nfunction setFilter(f, ch){\n  S.filter=f; S.i=0; S.pick=null;\n  if(ch) S.chapter=ch;\n  document.querySelectorAll('#cdRoot .pill-f').forEach(b=>b.setAttribute('aria-pressed', b.dataset.f===f));\n  render();\n}\ndocument.querySelectorAll('#cdRoot .tab').forEach(b=>b.onclick=()=>setTab(b.dataset.tab));\ndocument.querySelectorAll('#cdRoot .pill-f').forEach(b=>b.onclick=()=>setFilter(b.dataset.f));\n$('chapList').addEventListener('click', e=>{\n  const chip=e.target.closest('.chapchip'); if(!chip) return;\n  S.chapter = decodeURIComponent(chip.dataset.ch);\n  S.i=0; S.pick=null; render();\n});\n$('btnCheck').onclick = check;\n$('btnNext').onclick  = ()=>{ S.i++; S.pick=null; render(); };\n$('btnPrev').onclick  = ()=>{ S.i--; S.pick=null; render(); };\n$('btnFlag').onclick  = ()=>{\n  const p=pool(), q=p[S.i]; if(!q) return;\n  const u=uid(q);\n  flags.has(u) ? flags.delete(u) : flags.add(u);\n  P.flags=[...flags]; save(); render();\n};\n$('navToggle').onclick = ()=>{ navOpen=!navOpen; renderNav(pool()); };\nlet tmr;\n$('cdSearch').addEventListener('input', e=>{\n  clearTimeout(tmr);\n  tmr=setTimeout(()=>{ S.query=e.target.value.trim(); S.i=0; S.pick=null; render(); },220);\n});\n$('tglUn').onclick = e=>{\n  S.unattempted=!S.unattempted;\n  e.currentTarget.setAttribute('aria-pressed',S.unattempted);\n  e.currentTarget.firstChild.textContent = S.unattempted?'\u2611 ':'\u25fb ';\n  S.i=0; S.pick=null; render();\n};\n$('tglReset').onclick = ()=>{\n  if(!Object.keys(S.ans).length) return;\n  if(!confirm('Reset this sitting? Only the answers on screen are cleared \u2014 your lifetime performance and mastery are kept.')) return;\n  S.ans={}; S.i=0; S.pick=null; render();\n  toast('Session reset \u2014 performance data kept', true);\n};\n\n\/* performance-tab jumps + AI chips, delegated *\/\ndocument.addEventListener('click', e=>{\n  if(!e.target.closest('#cdRoot')) return;\n  const goch=e.target.closest('[data-goch]');\n  if(goch){ setTab('quiz'); setFilter('chapter', decodeURIComponent(goch.dataset.goch));\n    toast('Filtered to '+chShort(S.chapter), true); return; }\n  if(e.target.closest('[data-goweak]')){ setTab('quiz'); setFilter('weak'); return; }\n  if(e.target.closest('[data-goflag]')){ setTab('quiz'); setFilter('flagged'); return; }\n  const gu=e.target.closest('[data-gouid]');\n  if(gu){\n    const u=decodeURIComponent(gu.dataset.gouid);\n    setTab('quiz'); setFilter('all');\n    const idx=pool().findIndex(q=>uid(q)===u);\n    if(idx>=0){ S.i=idx; render(); }\n    return;\n  }\n});\n\/* keyboard, scoped to the widget *\/\ndocument.addEventListener('keydown', e=>{\n  if(S.tab!=='quiz') return;\n  const t=e.target;\n  if(t && (\/^(INPUT|TEXTAREA|SELECT)$\/.test(t.tagName) || t.isContentEditable)) return;\n  if(e.ctrlKey||e.metaKey||e.altKey) return;\n  const p=pool(); if(!p.length) return;\n  const q=p[S.i];\n  if(\/^[1-9]$\/.test(e.key)){\n    const k=+e.key-1;\n    if(q && S.ans[uid(q)]==null && k<q.options.length){ e.preventDefault(); S.pick=k; S.nudge=false; render(); }\n    return;\n  }\n  const low=e.key.toLowerCase();\n  if(\/^[a-f]$\/.test(low)){\n    const k=low.charCodeAt(0)-97;\n    if(q && S.ans[uid(q)]==null && k<q.options.length){ e.preventDefault(); S.pick=k; S.nudge=false; render(); }\n    return;\n  }\n  if(e.key==='Enter'){ e.preventDefault();\n    if(q && S.ans[uid(q)]==null) check();\n    else if(S.i<p.length-1){ S.i++; S.pick=null; render(); }\n    return; }\n  if(e.key==='ArrowRight'){ e.preventDefault(); S.i++; S.pick=null; render(); return; }\n  if(e.key==='ArrowLeft'){ e.preventDefault(); S.i--; S.pick=null; render(); return; }\n  if(low==='f'){ e.preventDefault(); $('btnFlag').click(); }\n});\nwindow.addEventListener('beforeunload', save);\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   19. BOOT\n   ===================================================================== *\/\n$('cdEyebrow').textContent = 'CSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com' + (CFG.eyebrow ? '  \u00b7  '+CFG.eyebrow : '');\n$('cdTopic').textContent   = CFG.topic;\n$('cdSub').textContent     = CFG.sub;\n$('wHead').textContent     = T.onScreen;\n$('wUnit').textContent     = WT ? 'importance' : 'of this bank';\n$('chapHint').textContent  = '';\nif(SRC_ON){\n  $('srcCard').classList.remove('hide');\n  $('srcLink').href = CFG.sourceUrl;\n}\nif(WT && W.derived.length) console.warn('[importance] not rated yet: '+W.derived.join(' | ')+' \u2014 using share of the bank for these.');\nif(WT && W.unstocked.length) console.warn('[importance] these keys matched no chapter in the bank: '+W.unstocked.join(' | '));\nif(WT) console.info('[importance] '+CHAPTERS.filter(c=>W.source[c]==='rated').length+' of '+CHAPTERS.length+' chapters matched a rating.');\nif(!WT) console.info('[ranking] chapterImportance is empty \u2014 chapters are ranked by their share of this bank and importance is not mentioned anywhere.');\nsetTab('quiz');\ntry{ render(); }catch(err){ console.error('render failed', err); }\n\n\/* =====================================================================\n   20. 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