{"id":13812,"date":"2026-07-16T20:45:48","date_gmt":"2026-07-16T20:45:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/?page_id=13812"},"modified":"2026-07-21T07:02:13","modified_gmt":"2026-07-21T07:02:13","slug":"chapterwise-mcq-dfpr-2024","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/?page_id=13812","title":{"rendered":"CHAPTERWISE MCQ-DFPR 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"13812\" class=\"elementor elementor-13812\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7f0c14 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b7f0c14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-123c81e elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"123c81e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!--\r\n============================================================\r\nCSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com\r\nCHAPTER-WISE MCQ PRACTICE + AI COAC<!--\r\n============================================================\r\nCSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com\r\nCHAPTER-WISE MCQ PRACTICE + AI COACH  (Reusable Template)\r\n------------------------------------------------------------\r\nTABS:\r\n  1. Practice Quiz   \u2014 chapter-wise quiz (progress, weak areas,\r\n                       chapter filter, mastery stars)\r\n  2. My Performance  \u2014 AI coach: readiness score, focus areas,\r\n                       study plan, spaced-repetition revision queue\r\n\r\nHOW TO REUSE THIS TEMPLATE (3 steps):\r\n  1. In quizConfig below, change:\r\n       quizId   -> a UNIQUE id per topic (e.g. 'RTI-chapterwise-quiz').\r\n                   This keys localStorage; two quizzes sharing an id\r\n                   will share\/overwrite each other's progress!\r\n       topic    -> heading shown in the header\r\n       paper    -> 'Paper 1' \/ 'Paper 2' (shown in the eyebrow line)\r\n  2. Paste your question bank into  const allQuestions = [ ... ]\r\n     (format documented at the array).\r\n     NOTE: No 'year' field \u2014 this template is chapter-wise only.\r\n  3. Nothing else needs editing.\r\n\r\nRESET BEHAVIOUR:\r\n  \u2022 \"Reset Session\" (Practice tab)   -> clears ONLY the current\r\n    session's answers\/score. Lifetime mastery, weak areas and the\r\n    My Performance data are KEPT.\r\n  \u2022 \"Reset My Performance\" (My Performance tab) -> wipes lifetime\r\n    stats, mastery, weak areas and attempt history (with confirm).\r\n\r\nAll progress persists in localStorage (per quizId).\r\n============================================================\r\n-->\r\n\r\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover\">\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\r\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Crimson+Pro:wght@500;600;700&family=DM+Sans:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n\/* =====================================================\r\n   CSS ADDA \u2014 INTEGRATED PORTAL DESIGN SYSTEM\r\n   NOTE ON FONT STABILITY: all font sizes are in px (not\r\n   rem) so the widget looks identical on every WordPress\r\n   page\/theme, regardless of the site's root font size.\r\n   Key exam-paper typography carries !important to defeat\r\n   theme overrides. The Google Fonts stylesheet link above\r\n   is REQUIRED \u2014 without it Crimson Pro \/ DM Sans never\r\n   load and the MCQ style changes page to page.\r\n===================================================== *\/\r\n.cwq-portal{\r\n  --navy:#2563EB; --navy-d:#1D4ED8; --navy-l:#3B82F6; --navy-ink:#12275c;\r\n  --gold:#c9992a; --gold-l:#e6c14e; --gold-d:#a37b1c;\r\n  --green:#10B981; --green-d:#059669; --green-bg:#ecfdf5;\r\n  --red:#EF4444; --red-d:#dc2626; --red-bg:#fef2f2;\r\n  --amber:#f59e0b; --amber-d:#d97706;\r\n  --bg:#F6F8FC; --card:#FFFFFF;\r\n  --ink:#1E293B; --mut:#5b6472; --faint:#94A3B8; --line:#E2E8F0;\r\n  --sh-sm:0 1px 2px rgba(16,41,66,.06);\r\n  --sh-md:0 4px 10px -2px rgba(16,41,66,.10);\r\n  --sh-lg:0 12px 26px -8px rgba(16,41,66,.16);\r\n  --r-sm:8px; --r-md:12px; --r-lg:16px;\r\n  --serif:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;\r\n  --sans:'DM Sans',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;\r\n  font-family:var(--sans) !important;\r\n  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*\/\r\n.progress-combo{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;gap:14px;align-items:center}\r\n.progress-combo .stat-col{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:2px}\r\n.progress-combo .stat-row{padding:5px 0}\r\n.progress-ring-container{display:flex;justify-content:center}\r\n.progress-ring{position:relative;width:100px;height:100px}\r\n.progress-ring svg{transform:rotate(-90deg)}\r\n.progress-ring-bg{fill:none;stroke:var(--line);stroke-width:8}\r\n.progress-ring-fill{fill:none;stroke:var(--green);stroke-width:8;stroke-linecap:round;transition:stroke-dashoffset .5s}\r\n.progress-ring-text{position:absolute;inset:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\r\n.progress-ring-percentage{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:24px;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink)}\r\n.progress-ring-label{font-size:10.1px;color:var(--mut)}\r\n.progress-stats-mini{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:8px}\r\n.progress-stat-mini{background:#F8FAFC;padding:10px;border-radius:var(--r-sm);text-align:center}\r\n.progress-stat-mini .value{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:19.2px;font-weight:600}\r\n.progress-stat-mini .value.correct{color:var(--green)}\r\n.progress-stat-mini .value.incorrect{color:var(--red)}\r\n.progress-stat-mini .label{font-size:10.1px;color:var(--mut);margin-top:2px}\r\n.question-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr);gap:6px;max-height:200px;overflow-y:auto;padding:2px}\r\n.grid-item{width:100%;aspect-ratio:1;border-radius:var(--r-sm);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-weight:600;font-size:11.7px;cursor:pointer;transition:all .3s;border:2px solid transparent;position:relative}\r\n.grid-item.unattempted{background:var(--navy);color:#fff}\r\n.grid-item.current{background:var(--gold);color:#fff;transform:scale(1.1);box-shadow:var(--sh-md);z-index:1}\r\n.grid-item.attempted{background:#f7ce6b;color:var(--ink)}\r\n.grid-item.correct-answered{background:var(--green);color:#fff}\r\n.grid-item.incorrect-answered{background:var(--red);color:#fff}\r\n.grid-item.weak-marked::after{content:'!';position:absolute;top:-3px;right:-3px;width:12px;height:12px;background:var(--red);border-radius:50%;font-size:8.8px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:#fff;font-weight:700}\r\n.grid-item:hover:not(.current){transform:scale(1.05)}\r\n.legend{padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:4px}\r\n.legend-title{font-weight:700;font-size:11.7px;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:8px}\r\n.legend-items{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px}\r\n.legend-item{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;font-size:10.9px;color:var(--mut)}\r\n.legend-color{width:14px;height:14px;border-radius:3px}\r\n.legend-color.unattempted{background:var(--navy)}\r\n.legend-color.attempted{background:#f7ce6b}\r\n.legend-color.correct{background:var(--green)}\r\n.legend-color.incorrect{background:var(--red)}\r\n.stat-row{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding:8px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line)}\r\n.stat-row:last-child{border-bottom:none}\r\n.stat-label{color:var(--mut);font-size:13.1px}\r\n.stat-value{font-weight:700;font-size:15.2px;color:var(--ink)}\r\n.stat-value.correct{color:var(--green)}\r\n.stat-value.incorrect{color:var(--red)}\r\n.action-buttons{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px}\r\n.action-btn{width:100%;padding:12px;min-height:46px;border:none;border-radius:var(--r-md);font-size:13.6px;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:7px;transition:all .3s;font-family:var(--sans)}\r\n.action-btn.submit{background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--green) 0%,var(--green-d) 100%);color:#fff;box-shadow:var(--sh-md)}\r\n.action-btn.submit:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:var(--sh-lg)}\r\n.action-btn.reset{background:#F8FAFC;color:var(--mut);border:2px solid var(--line)}\r\n.action-btn.reset:hover{border-color:var(--red);color:var(--red)}\r\n.reset-note{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--faint);text-align:center;margin-top:6px;line-height:1.45}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- TOAST & MODAL ---------- *\/\r\n.warning-toast{position:fixed;bottom:30px;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);background:var(--red);color:#fff;padding:12px 24px;border-radius:var(--r-md);font-weight:600;box-shadow:var(--sh-lg);z-index:10000;display:none;animation:gpUp .3s ease;font-size:14.1px}\r\n.warning-toast.show{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}\r\n.warning-toast.success{background:var(--green)}\r\n@keyframes gpUp{from{opacity:0;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(20px)}to{opacity:1;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(0)}}\r\n.result-modal{position:fixed;inset:0;background:rgba(9,20,45,.72);display:none;justify-content:center;align-items:center;z-index:10000;padding:20px}\r\n.result-modal.show{display:flex}\r\n.result-content{background:#fff;padding:32px;border-radius:var(--r-lg);text-align:center;max-width:440px;width:100%;box-shadow:var(--sh-lg);animation:gpModal .3s ease;max-height:90vh;overflow-y:auto}\r\n@keyframes gpModal{from{opacity:0;transform:scale(.92)}to{opacity:1;transform:scale(1)}}\r\n.result-icon{font-size:50px;margin-bottom:16px}\r\n.result-title{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:24px;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:8px}\r\n.result-message{color:var(--mut);margin-bottom:20px;font-size:14.4px}\r\n.result-stats{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:10px;margin-bottom:20px}\r\n.result-stat{background:#F8FAFC;padding:12px;border-radius:var(--r-md)}\r\n.result-stat-value{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:22.4px;font-weight:600;color:var(--navy)}\r\n.result-stat-label{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--mut)}\r\n.result-buttons{display:flex;gap:10px;justify-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n.result-btn{padding:10px 20px;border:none;border-radius:var(--r-md);font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;transition:all .3s;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;font-size:13.1px;font-family:var(--sans)}\r\n.result-btn.primary{background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--navy) 0%,var(--navy-d) 100%);color:#fff}\r\n.result-btn.secondary{background:#F8FAFC;color:var(--mut)}\r\n.result-btn.weak{background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--red) 0%,var(--red-d) 100%);color:#fff}\r\n.result-btn:hover{transform:translateY(-2px)}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================\r\n   TAB 2 \u2014 MY PERFORMANCE (AI COACH)\r\n===================================================== *\/\r\n.ai-wrap{padding:6px 28px 40px;max-width:1080px;margin:0 auto}\r\n.an-card{padding:22px 22px}\r\n.bar-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:34px minmax(190px,1.5fr) 2.3fr auto;align-items:center;gap:12px;padding:6px 0}\r\n.bar-row+.bar-row{border-top:1px dashed #eef1f6}\r\n.bar-rank{font-family:var(--serif);color:var(--mut);font-size:14.4px;text-align:right}\r\n\/* WRAP FIX: long chapter names wrap onto multiple lines instead of overflowing *\/\r\n.bar-name{font-size:13.8px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.35;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word}\r\n.bar-track{background:#eef1f6;border-radius:8px;height:20px;overflow:hidden}\r\n.bar-fill{height:100%;border-radius:8px;transition:width .8s ease}\r\n.bar-val{font-weight:700;font-size:14.7px;min-width:64px;text-align:right}\r\n.tbl-scroll{overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:14px;background:#fff}\r\n.ai-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:280px 1fr;gap:18px;align-items:stretch}\r\n.ai-ring-card{background:linear-gradient(150deg,var(--navy-ink) 0%,var(--navy-d) 70%,#2f5fe0 100%);border-radius:var(--r-lg);padding:26px 20px;color:#fff;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;box-shadow:var(--sh-md)}\r\n.ai-ring{position:relative;width:150px;height:150px}\r\n.ai-ring svg{transform:rotate(-90deg)}\r\n.ai-ring .bg{fill:none;stroke:rgba(255,255,255,.14);stroke-width:11}\r\n.ai-ring .fg{fill:none;stroke:var(--gold-l);stroke-width:11;stroke-linecap:round;transition:stroke-dashoffset 1s ease}\r\n.ai-ring-txt{position:absolute;inset:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\r\n.ai-ring-txt .n{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:40px;font-weight:600;color:var(--gold-l);line-height:1}\r\n.ai-ring-txt .l{font-size:9.9px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#bfdbfe;margin-top:4px}\r\n.ai-verdict{margin-top:14px;font-size:13.8px;color:#dbeafe;line-height:1.5}\r\n.ai-verdict b{color:#fff}\r\n.ai-coach-card{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-lg);padding:22px;box-shadow:var(--sh-sm)}\r\n.ai-coach-card h3{font-size:15.2px;color:var(--navy-ink);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin-bottom:12px}\r\n.ai-coach-card h3 i{color:var(--gold)}\r\n.ai-reco{display:flex;gap:12px;padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line);align-items:flex-start}\r\n.ai-reco:last-child{border-bottom:none}\r\n.ai-reco .ic{width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:8px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-size:12.8px;flex-shrink:0;margin-top:2px}\r\n.ai-reco .ic.hot{background:var(--red-bg);color:var(--red-d)}\r\n.ai-reco .ic.warm{background:#fef7e6;color:var(--amber-d)}\r\n.ai-reco .ic.cool{background:#eff6ff;color:var(--navy)}\r\n.ai-reco .ic.good{background:var(--green-bg);color:var(--green-d)}\r\n.ai-reco p{font-size:13.9px;color:#37414f}\r\n.ai-reco p b{color:var(--navy-ink)}\r\n.ai-reco .go{margin-left:auto;flex-shrink:0;background:#EFF6FF;color:var(--navy-d);border:1px solid #d4e2fb;border-radius:8px;padding:6px 12px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;transition:all .25s;font-family:var(--sans);white-space:nowrap}\r\n.ai-reco .go:hover{background:var(--navy);color:#fff}\r\n\r\n.ai-kpis{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(150px,1fr));gap:12px;margin-top:18px}\r\n.ai-kpi{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-md);padding:14px 16px;box-shadow:var(--sh-sm)}\r\n.ai-kpi .n{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:25.6px;font-weight:600;color:var(--navy-d)}\r\n.ai-kpi .n.g{color:var(--green-d)} .ai-kpi .n.r{color:var(--red-d)} .ai-kpi .n.a{color:var(--amber-d)}\r\n.ai-kpi .l{font-size:10.9px;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--mut);margin-top:2px}\r\n\r\ntable.perf{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:13.1px;min-width:760px}\r\ntable.perf th,table.perf td{padding:10px 10px;border-bottom:1px solid #eef1f6;text-align:center}\r\ntable.perf thead th{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;font-weight:600;font-size:11.5px}\r\ntable.perf th:first-child,table.perf td:first-child{text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\r\n\/* WRAP FIX: chapter column wraps; bounded so metric columns stay visible *\/\r\ntable.perf td:first-child{font-weight:500;background:#fbfcfe;white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;min-width:150px;max-width:260px;line-height:1.4}\r\n.mini-track{background:#eef1f6;border-radius:6px;height:9px;overflow:hidden;min-width:80px}\r\n.mini-fill{height:100%;border-radius:6px}\r\n.tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10.6px;font-weight:700;padding:3px 9px;border-radius:20px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.03em}\r\n.tag.hot{background:var(--red-bg);color:var(--red-d)}\r\n.tag.warm{background:#fef7e6;color:var(--amber-d)}\r\n.tag.ok{background:#eff6ff;color:var(--navy-d)}\r\n.tag.good{background:var(--green-bg);color:var(--green-d)}\r\n.tag.na{background:#f1f5f9;color:var(--faint)}\r\n.mini-go{background:none;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;padding:5px 10px;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:700;color:var(--navy-d);cursor:pointer;transition:all .25s;font-family:var(--sans)}\r\n.mini-go:hover{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;border-color:var(--navy)}\r\n\r\n.rev-item{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;background:#F8FAFC;border-left:3px solid var(--amber);border-radius:var(--r-sm);padding:10px 12px;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:12.6px;cursor:pointer;transition:all .25s}\r\n.rev-item:hover{background:#fef7e6;transform:translateX(3px)}\r\n.rev-item .q-num{font-weight:700;color:var(--amber-d);flex-shrink:0}\r\n.rev-item .q-text{flex:1;color:var(--mut);white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}\r\n.rev-item .days{background:var(--amber);color:#fff;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:20px;font-size:10.2px;font-weight:700;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.ai-empty{text-align:center;padding:34px 20px;color:var(--mut)}\r\n.ai-empty i{font-size:32px;color:var(--gold);margin-bottom:12px;display:block}\r\n.ai-empty .big{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:19.2px;color:var(--navy-ink);margin-bottom:6px}\r\n.ai-empty p{font-size:13.9px;max-width:52ch;margin:0 auto}\r\n.ai-two{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:18px}\r\n.perf-reset-wrap{margin-top:34px;padding:18px;border:1px dashed #f3c1c1;border-radius:var(--r-lg);background:#fffafa;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n.perf-reset-wrap p{font-size:13.1px;color:var(--mut);flex:1;min-width:220px}\r\n.perf-reset-wrap p b{color:var(--red-d)}\r\n.perf-reset-btn{padding:11px 20px;background:#fff;border:2px solid #f3c1c1;border-radius:var(--r-md);color:var(--red-d);font-size:13.1px;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;transition:all .25s;font-family:var(--sans);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.perf-reset-btn:hover{background:var(--red);border-color:var(--red);color:#fff}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- RESPONSIVE ---------- *\/\r\n@media(max-width:1024px){.quiz-container{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 270px;gap:14px}}\r\n@media(max-width:900px){\r\n  \/* MOBILE: question first, everything else stacks below *\/\r\n  .quiz-container{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:0 12px 12px;gap:14px}\r\n  .filter-bar{padding:12px 12px 0}\r\n  .filter-list{flex-wrap:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;padding-bottom:6px;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .question-panel{order:1}\r\n  .dashboard-sidebar{order:2}\r\n  .gp-head-top{flex-direction:column;gap:12px}\r\n  .gp-stats{width:100%;flex-wrap:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;padding-bottom:4px;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .gp-stat{min-width:84px;padding:7px 12px;flex:0 0 auto}\r\n  .gp-stat .n{font-size:19.2px}\r\n  .gp-tabs{overflow-x:auto;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .gp-tab{flex:0 0 auto;white-space:nowrap}\r\n  .mode-selector{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;padding:10px 12px}\r\n  .mode-tabs{overflow-x:auto;flex-wrap:nowrap;padding-bottom:4px;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .mode-tab{flex:0 0 auto;white-space:nowrap}\r\n  .session-info{justify-content:center}\r\n  \/* navigator becomes a horizontal strip *\/\r\n  .question-grid{display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;max-height:none;padding-bottom:6px;gap:7px;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .grid-item{flex:0 0 40px;height:40px;aspect-ratio:auto}\r\n  .weak-question-list{max-height:150px}\r\n  .ai-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr}\r\n  .ai-two{grid-template-columns:1fr}\r\n}\r\n@media(max-width:600px){\r\n  .gp-header{padding:18px 14px 0}\r\n  .gp-brand h1{font-size:20.5px}\r\n  .gp-brand p{font-size:12.5px}\r\n  .gp-tabs{overflow-x:auto;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .gp-tab{padding:9px 13px;font-size:12px;flex:0 0 auto;white-space:nowrap}\r\n  .ai-wrap{padding:6px 12px 30px}\r\n  .question-header{padding:11px 14px}\r\n  .question-number{font-size:15px}\r\n  .question-body{padding:14px}\r\n  .question-text{font-size:17px !important;padding:15px 16px;line-height:1.68}\r\n  .q-stmt{margin-left:6px;grid-template-columns:26px 1fr}\r\n  .option-item{padding:11px 12px;gap:9px}\r\n  .option-letter{min-width:30px;font-size:16.3px !important}\r\n  .option-text{font-size:16.3px !important}\r\n  .option-item:hover:not(.disabled){transform:none}\r\n  .question-nav{flex-wrap:wrap;padding:12px;gap:9px}\r\n  .nav-btn{padding:11px 16px;font-size:12.8px;flex:1;justify-content:center}\r\n  .nav-btn.check{order:-1;width:100%;max-width:none;flex-basis:100%}\r\n  .progress-combo{grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;gap:10px}\r\n  .result-stats{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:7px}\r\n  .result-content{padding:22px}\r\n  .result-buttons{flex-direction:column}\r\n  .bar-row{grid-template-columns:28px 1fr;row-gap:4px}\r\n  .bar-track{grid-column:1\/-1}\r\n  .bar-name,.bar-val{grid-column:2;text-align:left}\r\n  .sec-head{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px}\r\n  .sec-head .hint{margin-left:0;flex-basis:100%}\r\n  .sec-head h2{font-size:16px}\r\n  .ai-ring{transform:scale(.85);margin:-8px}\r\n  .ai-ring-txt .n{font-size:33.6px}\r\n  .ai-kpis{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}\r\n  .ai-kpi .n{font-size:20.8px}\r\n  .ai-reco{flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n  .ai-reco .go{margin-left:42px}\r\n  .warning-toast{width:calc(100% - 32px);justify-content:center;font-size:12.8px}\r\n  .gp-stat{min-width:76px}\r\n  .perf-reset-wrap{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch}\r\n  .perf-reset-btn{justify-content:center}\r\n}\r\n\/* very small phones *\/\r\n@media(max-width:380px){\r\n  .gp-header{padding:14px 10px 0}\r\n  .gp-tab{padding:8px 10px;font-size:11.2px}\r\n  .mode-tab{padding:8px 11px;font-size:11.7px}\r\n  .question-text{font-size:16px !important;padding:12px}\r\n  .option-text,.option-letter{font-size:15.5px !important}\r\n  .ai-wrap{padding:6px 8px 24px}\r\n  .quiz-container{padding:0 8px 8px}\r\n  .filter-bar{padding:10px 8px 0}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"cwq-portal\" id=\"quizWrapper\">\r\n    <!-- Warning Toast -->\r\n    <div class=\"warning-toast\" id=\"warningToast\">\r\n        <span class=\"ic\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>\r\n        <span id=\"toastMessage\">Message<\/span>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- Result Modal -->\r\n    <div class=\"result-modal\" id=\"resultModal\">\r\n        <div class=\"result-content\">\r\n            <div class=\"result-icon\" id=\"resultIcon\">\ud83c\udf89<\/div>\r\n            <h2 class=\"result-title\" id=\"resultTitle\">Great Job!<\/h2>\r\n            <p class=\"result-message\" id=\"resultMessage\">You have completed the quiz.<\/p>\r\n            <div class=\"result-stats\">\r\n                <div class=\"result-stat\">\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-value\" id=\"resultCorrect\">0<\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-label\">Correct<\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"result-stat\">\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-value\" id=\"resultIncorrect\">0<\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-label\">Incorrect<\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"result-stat\">\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-value\" id=\"resultScore\">0%<\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"result-stat-label\">Score<\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"result-buttons\">\r\n                <button class=\"result-btn secondary\" id=\"reviewBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udc41<\/span> Review<\/button>\r\n                <button class=\"result-btn weak\" id=\"practiceWeakBtn\" style=\"display:none;\"><span class=\"ic\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span> Practice Weak<\/button>\r\n                <button class=\"result-btn primary\" id=\"retryBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u21bb<\/span> Try Again<\/button>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- ================= HEADER ================= -->\r\n    <header class=\"gp-header\">\r\n        <div class=\"gp-head-top\">\r\n            <div class=\"gp-brand\">\r\n                <div class=\"eyebrow\" id=\"topicEyebrow\">CSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com<\/div>\r\n                <h1 id=\"topicName\">Deledgation of Financial Power Rules, 2024<\/h1>\r\n                <p>Chapter-wise MCQs \u00b7 Smart Practice, Weak-Area Drills &amp; AI Coach<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"gp-stats\">\r\n                <div class=\"gp-stat\"><div class=\"n\" id=\"hdrTotalQ\">0<\/div><div class=\"l\">MCQs<\/div><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"gp-stat\"><div class=\"n\" id=\"hdrChapters\">0<\/div><div class=\"l\">Chapters<\/div><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"gp-stat\"><div class=\"n\" id=\"hdrMastered\">0%<\/div><div class=\"l\">Mastered<\/div><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"gp-stat clickable\" id=\"weakBadgeHeader\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"n\" id=\"weakCountHeader\">0<\/div><div class=\"l\">Weak Areas<\/div><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"gp-stat\"><div class=\"n\" id=\"hdrReadiness\">\u2014<\/div><div class=\"l\">Readiness<\/div><\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <nav class=\"gp-tabs\">\r\n            <button class=\"gp-tab active\" data-view=\"practice\"><span class=\"ic\">\u270d\ufe0f<\/span> Practice Quiz<\/button>\r\n            <button class=\"gp-tab\" data-view=\"performance\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83e\udde0<\/span> My Performance <span class=\"pill\" id=\"perfPill\" style=\"display:none;\">!<\/span><\/button>\r\n        <\/nav>\r\n    <\/header>\r\n\r\n    <!-- ================= VIEW 1 : PRACTICE QUIZ ================= -->\r\n    <div class=\"gp-view active\" id=\"view-practice\">\r\n\r\n    <!-- Mode Selector -->\r\n    <div class=\"mode-selector\">\r\n        <div class=\"mode-tabs\">\r\n            <button class=\"mode-tab active\" data-mode=\"all\" id=\"modeAll\">\r\n                <span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udccb<\/span> All Questions <span class=\"badge\" id=\"allCount\">0<\/span>\r\n            <\/button>\r\n            <button class=\"mode-tab\" data-mode=\"chapter\" id=\"modeChapter\">\r\n                <span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udcda<\/span> By Chapter\r\n            <\/button>\r\n            <button class=\"mode-tab weak-mode\" data-mode=\"weak\" id=\"modeWeak\">\r\n                <span class=\"ic\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span> Weak Areas <span class=\"badge\" id=\"weakModeCount\">0<\/span>\r\n            <\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"session-info\" id=\"sessionInfo\" style=\"display:none;\">\r\n            <span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udd58<\/span>\r\n            <span id=\"sessionText\">Last session: Q5<\/span>\r\n            <button class=\"resume-btn\" id=\"resumeBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u25b6<\/span> Resume<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- FILTER BAR (before the MCQ content) -->\r\n    <div class=\"filter-bar\">\r\n        <div class=\"filter-bar-row\">\r\n            <div class=\"quiz-card\" id=\"chapterFilterCard\">\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-header light\"><h3><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udcda<\/span> Filter by Chapter<\/h3><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-body\" style=\"padding:10px 14px\"><div class=\"filter-list\" id=\"chapterList\"><\/div><\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"quiz-card weak-areas-card\" id=\"weakAreasCard\" style=\"display:none;\">\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-header\"><h3><span class=\"ic\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span> Weak Areas<\/h3><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-body\" style=\"padding:10px 14px\">\r\n                    <div class=\"weak-question-list\" id=\"weakQuestionList\"><\/div>\r\n                    <button class=\"practice-weak-btn\" id=\"practiceWeakAreasBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u21bb<\/span> Practice All Weak Areas<\/button>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- Main Container -->\r\n    <div class=\"quiz-container\">\r\n        <!-- Question Panel (primary) -->\r\n        <main class=\"question-panel\">\r\n            <div class=\"question-header\">\r\n                <span class=\"question-number\" id=\"questionNumber\">Question 1 of 20<\/span>\r\n                <div class=\"question-meta\">\r\n                    <div class=\"meta-badge chapter\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> <span id=\"currentQuestionChapter\">\u2014<\/span><\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"meta-badge weak\" id=\"weakBadge\" style=\"display:none;\"><span class=\"ic\">\u26a0\ufe0f<\/span> <span>Weak<\/span><\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"question-body\">\r\n                <div class=\"question-text\" id=\"questionText\">Loading question...<\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"options-list\" id=\"optionsList\"><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"explanation-box\" id=\"explanationBox\">\r\n                    <div class=\"explanation-title\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udca1<\/span> Explanation<\/div>\r\n                    <p class=\"explanation-text\" id=\"explanationText\"><\/p>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"mastery-indicator\" id=\"masteryIndicator\">\r\n                    <span class=\"mastery-label\"><span class=\"ic\">\u2b50<\/span> Mastery:<\/span>\r\n                    <div class=\"mastery-stars\" id=\"masteryStars\">\r\n                        <i>\u2605<\/i><i>\u2605<\/i><i>\u2605<\/i><i>\u2605<\/i><i>\u2605<\/i>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"question-nav\">\r\n                    <button class=\"nav-btn prev\" id=\"prevBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u2190<\/span> Previous<\/button>\r\n                    <button class=\"nav-btn check\" id=\"checkBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u2713<\/span> Check Answer<\/button>\r\n                    <button class=\"nav-btn next\" id=\"nextBtn\">Next <span class=\"ic\">\u2192<\/span><\/button>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/main>\r\n\r\n        <!-- Right Rail: navigator \u2192 progress \u2192 actions -->\r\n        <aside class=\"dashboard-sidebar\">\r\n            <div class=\"quiz-card\">\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-header light\"><h3><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\uddc2\ufe0f<\/span> Question Navigator<\/h3><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-body\">\r\n                    <div class=\"question-grid\" id=\"questionGrid\"><\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"legend\">\r\n                        <div class=\"legend-items\">\r\n                            <div class=\"legend-item\"><div class=\"legend-color unattempted\"><\/div><span>New<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"legend-item\"><div class=\"legend-color attempted\"><\/div><span>Seen<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"legend-item\"><div class=\"legend-color correct\"><\/div><span>Correct<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"legend-item\"><div class=\"legend-color incorrect\"><\/div><span>Incorrect<\/span><\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"quiz-card\">\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-header\"><h3><span class=\"ic\">\ud83c\udfc6<\/span> Progress &amp; Session<\/h3><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"quiz-card-body\">\r\n                    <div class=\"progress-combo\">\r\n                        <div class=\"progress-ring-container\">\r\n                            <div class=\"progress-ring\">\r\n                                <svg width=\"100\" height=\"100\">\r\n                                    <circle class=\"progress-ring-bg\" cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"42\"><\/circle>\r\n                                    <circle class=\"progress-ring-fill\" cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"42\" stroke-dasharray=\"264\" stroke-dashoffset=\"264\" id=\"progressRingFill\"><\/circle>\r\n                                <\/svg>\r\n                                <div class=\"progress-ring-text\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"progress-ring-percentage\" id=\"progressPercentage\">0%<\/span>\r\n                                    <span class=\"progress-ring-label\">Mastered<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"stat-col\">\r\n                            <div class=\"stat-row\"><span class=\"stat-label\">Questions<\/span><span class=\"stat-value\" id=\"totalQuestions\">0<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"stat-row\"><span class=\"stat-label\">Attempted<\/span><span class=\"stat-value\" id=\"attemptedCount\">0<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"stat-row\"><span class=\"stat-label\">Correct<\/span><span class=\"stat-value correct\" id=\"correctCount\">0<\/span><\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"stat-row\"><span class=\"stat-label\">Incorrect<\/span><span class=\"stat-value incorrect\" id=\"incorrectCount\">0<\/span><\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"progress-stats-mini\" style=\"margin-top:10px\">\r\n                        <div class=\"progress-stat-mini\"><div class=\"value correct\" id=\"totalCorrectProgress\">0<\/div><div class=\"label\">Lifetime Correct<\/div><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"progress-stat-mini\"><div class=\"value incorrect\" id=\"totalWeakProgress\">0<\/div><div class=\"label\">Weak Areas<\/div><\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"action-buttons\">\r\n                <button class=\"action-btn submit\" id=\"submitBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\udce4<\/span> Submit &amp; View Results<\/button>\r\n                <button class=\"action-btn reset\" id=\"resetBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\u21ba<\/span> Reset Session<\/button>\r\n                <p class=\"reset-note\">Resets only this session's answers.<br>Lifetime performance &amp; mastery are kept.<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/aside>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <\/div><!-- \/view-practice -->\r\n\r\n    <!-- ================= VIEW 2 : MY PERFORMANCE (AI COACH) ================= -->\r\n    <div class=\"gp-view\" id=\"view-performance\">\r\n        <div class=\"ai-wrap\">\r\n            <div id=\"aiEmptyState\" class=\"an-card ai-empty\" style=\"display:none;margin-top:24px;\">\r\n                <span class=\"ic\" style=\"font-size:32px\">\ud83e\udde0<\/span>\r\n                <div class=\"big\">Your AI coach is waiting for data<\/div>\r\n                <p>Attempt a few questions in the Practice tab. The coach will then compute your readiness score, detect weak chapters weighted by their share of the question bank, and build a personalised study plan.<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div id=\"aiContent\">\r\n                <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-top:24px;\"><span class=\"num\">01<\/span><h2>Readiness \u2014 AI Assessment<\/h2><span class=\"hint\">weighted by chapter share of the bank<\/span><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"ai-hero\">\r\n                    <div class=\"ai-ring-card\">\r\n                        <div class=\"ai-ring\">\r\n                            <svg width=\"150\" height=\"150\">\r\n                                <circle class=\"bg\" cx=\"75\" cy=\"75\" r=\"64\"><\/circle>\r\n                                <circle class=\"fg\" cx=\"75\" cy=\"75\" r=\"64\" stroke-dasharray=\"402\" stroke-dashoffset=\"402\" id=\"aiRingFill\"><\/circle>\r\n                            <\/svg>\r\n                            <div class=\"ai-ring-txt\"><span class=\"n\" id=\"aiScore\">0<\/span><span class=\"l\">Readiness \/ 100<\/span><\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"ai-verdict\" id=\"aiVerdict\"><\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"ai-coach-card\">\r\n                        <h3><span class=\"ic\">\ud83e\ude84<\/span> Smart Study Plan \u2014 What to do next<\/h3>\r\n                        <div id=\"aiRecoList\"><\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"ai-kpis\" id=\"aiKpis\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"sec-head\"><span class=\"num\">02<\/span><h2>Chapter Performance vs Chapter Weight<\/h2><span class=\"hint\">priority = high weight \u00d7 low accuracy<\/span><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"tbl-scroll\"><table class=\"perf\">\r\n                    <thead><tr><th>Chapter<\/th><th>Weight<\/th><th>Coverage<\/th><th>Accuracy<\/th><th>Status<\/th><th>Action<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n                    <tbody id=\"perfTableBody\"><\/tbody>\r\n                <\/table><\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"ai-two\" style=\"margin-top:34px;\">\r\n                    <div>\r\n                        <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-top:0;\"><span class=\"num\">03<\/span><h2>Revision Queue<\/h2><span class=\"hint\">spaced repetition<\/span><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"an-card\" id=\"revisionQueue\"><\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                    <div>\r\n                        <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-top:0;\"><span class=\"num\">04<\/span><h2>Mastery Distribution<\/h2><\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"an-card\" id=\"masteryDist\"><\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <!-- Performance reset (lifetime data) -->\r\n                <div class=\"perf-reset-wrap\">\r\n                    <p><b>Danger zone:<\/b> this permanently erases your lifetime performance for this quiz \u2014 mastery stars, weak areas, accuracy history and the readiness score. Session reset on the Practice tab does <b>not<\/b> touch this data.<\/p>\r\n                    <button class=\"perf-reset-btn\" id=\"resetPerfBtn\"><span class=\"ic\">\ud83d\uddd1\ufe0f<\/span> Reset My Performance<\/button>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div><!-- \/view-performance -->\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ QUIZ CONFIGURATION  \u2190 EDIT PER TOPIC\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nconst quizConfig = {\r\n    \/\/ UNIQUE id per topic. Progress is stored in localStorage under this key,\r\n    \/\/ so two quizzes MUST NOT share the same quizId.\r\n    quizId: 'CHANGE-ME-chapterwise-quiz',\r\n    topic: 'Deledgation of Financial Power Rules, 2024',                     \/\/ \u2190 shown in header h1\r\n                            \/\/ \u2190 shown in header eyebrow\r\n    masteryThreshold: 3,   \/\/ total correct needed for \"mastered\"\r\n    weakThreshold: 1,      \/\/ wrong attempts before a question is flagged weak\r\n    revisionGapDays: 7     \/\/ days after which a mastered Q re-enters revision\r\n};\r\n\r\n\r\nconst allQuestions = [\r\n\r\n\/\/ =============================== RULE 1 ===================================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 1,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 1: Short title and commencement',\r\n    question: \"The Delegation of Financial Powers Rules, 2024 came into force with effect from:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The 1st day of January, 2024\",\r\n      \"The 1st day of April, 2024\",\r\n      \"The 23rd day of February, 2024\",\r\n      \"The 1st day of April, 2023\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Rule 1(2).<\/b><br>These rules came into force with effect from the <b>1st day of April, 2024<\/b>, replacing the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules, 1978.<br><br>The other dates are plausible near-misses; the commencement date fixed by the rule is 1 April 2024.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ =============================== RULE 2 ===================================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 2,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 2: Power to relax',\r\n    question: \"Under the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules, 2024, the power to relax any provision, to delegate additional powers, to reduce or withdraw delegated powers, and to impose additional conditions, vests in the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Administrative Department concerned\",\r\n      \"Finance Ministry\",\r\n      \"President\",\r\n      \"Comptroller and Auditor General\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Rule 2 (Power to Relax).<\/b><br>The <b>President<\/b>, being satisfied that it is necessary or expedient, may by general or special order relax the rules, delegate additional powers, reduce delegated powers, impose additional conditions, or withdraw delegated powers.<br><br>(b) The Finance Ministry holds residuary powers but not this constitutional power to relax; (a) and (d) have no such power.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 3,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 2: Power to relax',\r\n    question: \"In exercise of the power to relax, which of the following can the President do by a general or special order?\\n1. Delegate to any authority powers in addition to the delegated powers.\\n2. Reduce the powers delegated to any authority to a specified extent.\\n3. Impose conditions in addition to those already specified.\\n4. Withdraw from any authority all or any of the delegated powers.\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Rule 2, clauses (a) to (e).<\/b><br>The President may relax any provision; <b>delegate additional powers<\/b> (1); <b>reduce delegated powers<\/b> (2); <b>impose additional conditions<\/b> (3); and <b>withdraw delegated powers<\/b> (4). All four are within the power to relax.<br><br>Hence 1, 2, 3 and 4.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ =============================== RULE 3 ===================================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 4,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 3: Definitions',\r\n    question: \"Under the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules, 2024, an 'Administrator' is an Administrator of a Union territory appointed under which Article of the Constitution?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Article 239\",\r\n      \"Article 77\",\r\n      \"Article 115\",\r\n      \"Article 243\",\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Rule 3(1)(a).<\/b><br>'Administrator' means an Administrator of a Union territory, by whatever name designated, appointed under <b>Article 239<\/b> of the Constitution.<br><br>(b) Article 77 concerns authentication of orders in the President's name; (c) Article 115 concerns a New Service\/supplementary grants; (d) Article 243 concerns Panchayats \u2014 none defines an Administrator here.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 5,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 3: Definitions',\r\n    question: \"An authority or person declared as a 'Head of the Department' under the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules, 2024 must not be below the rank of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Joint Secretary to the Government of India (and equivalent)\",\r\n      \"Deputy Secretary to the Government of India (and equivalent)\",\r\n      \"Under Secretary to the Government of India (and equivalent)\",\r\n      \"Additional Secretary to the Government of India (and equivalent)\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Rule 3(1)(g).<\/b><br>A 'Head of the Department' is an authority or person <b>not below the rank of Deputy Secretary to the Government of India (and equivalent)<\/b>, declared as such by the Department in relation to an identifiable establishment, to exercise the delegated financial powers.<br><br>The distractors are adjacent ranks used as near-misses; the minimum rank fixed is Deputy Secretary.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 6,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 3: Definitions',\r\n    question: \"A Government office proposes to designate its 'Head of Office' under the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules, 2024. The Head of Office must be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A non-gazetted ministerial officer\",\r\n      \"An officer of the rank of Joint Secretary or above\",\r\n      \"A Gazetted Officer, subordinate to Administrators and Heads of Departments\",\r\n      \"An officer of the Finance Ministry\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Rule 3(1)(h).<\/b><br>'Head of Office' means a <b>Gazetted Officer designated as such, subordinate to Administrators and Heads of Departments<\/b>.<br><br>(b) fixes an incorrect minimum rank; (a) is wrong as the Head of Office must be gazetted; (d) wrongly locates the officer in the Finance Ministry.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 7,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 3: Definitions',\r\n    question: \"A Competent Authority transfers funds from one primary unit of appropriation to another to meet additional expenditure. Under the definition of 'Re-appropriation', such a transfer must be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"From a voted grant to a charged appropriation\",\r\n      \"Between the Revenue Section and the Capital Section of the grant\",\r\n      \"Between two different grants for charged expenditure\",\r\n      \"Within the same Section (Revenue Section or Capital Section) of the grant or Appropriation\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Rule 3(1)(k).<\/b><br>'Re-appropriation' means the transfer, by a Competent Authority, of funds from one primary unit of appropriation to another to meet additional expenditure <b>within the same Section (Revenue Section and Capital Section)<\/b> of the grant or Appropriation.<br><br>(b), (c) and (a) describe transfers across sections\/grants\/sanction-types, which are precisely what the general restrictions of Rule 10 prohibit.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 8,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 3: Definitions',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following correctly describes 'Projects' as distinguished from 'Schemes' under the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules, 2024?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Projects are one-time expenditure resulting in the creation of capital assets or otherwise, which could yield financial or economic returns, and may be separate or part of an approved Scheme\",\r\n      \"Projects are programmes through which Departments spend resources for delivering goods or services\",\r\n      \"Projects are recurring expenditure incurred at periodical intervals for the same purpose\",\r\n      \"Projects are transfers of funds within the same section of a grant\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Rule 3(1)(j).<\/b><br>'Projects' means <b>one-time expenditure resulting in creation of capital assets or otherwise, which could yield financial or economic returns or both<\/b>, and such projects may be separate or part of an approved Scheme.<br><br>(b) is the definition of 'Schemes'; (c) is 'recurring expenditure'; (d) is 'Re-appropriation' \u2014 all distinct defined terms.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 9,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 3: Definitions',\r\n    question: \"Under the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules, 2024, the expression 'Finance Ministry' means:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"The Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance of the Government of India\",\r\n      \"The Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance\",\r\n      \"The Ministry of Finance as a whole\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Rule 3(1)(f).<\/b><br>'Finance Ministry' means the <b>Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance<\/b>; where the Scheme of Integrated Financial Adviser is in force, the Integrated Financial Adviser exercises the delegated powers subject to supervision by the Finance Ministry.<br><br>Note the contrast with 'Ministry of Finance', which the rules define separately as the Departments concerned with the subject matter in that Ministry. (a), (c) and (d) name the wrong department\/scope.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 10,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 4: Provision of funds by Parliament',\r\n    question: \"The amounts authorised for expenditure become available to the concerned Departments of the Government of India to meet sanctioned expenditure:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"On the recommendation of the Finance Ministry alone\",\r\n      \"As soon as the Budget is presented to Parliament\",\r\n      \"After the Appropriation Bill is passed by Parliament and assented to by the President\",\r\n      \"After the Demands for Grants are voted, even before the Appropriation Bill is passed\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Rule 4 (Provision of funds by Parliament).<\/b><br>After the Appropriation Bill is <b>passed by Parliament and assented to by the President<\/b>, the amounts so authorised become available to the concerned Departments to meet sanctioned expenditure.<br><br>(b), (a) and (d) place the availability of funds at an earlier or wrong stage than the passing and assent of the Appropriation Bill.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ =============================== RULE 5 ===================================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 11,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 5: General conditions on powers to sanction expenditure',\r\n    question: \"An authority proposes to sanction expenditure that would introduce a new principle or practice likely to lead to increased expenditure in future. It may do so only with the previous consent of the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs\",\r\n      \"Administrative Secretary of the Department\",\r\n      \"Comptroller and Auditor General\",\r\n      \"Finance Ministry\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Rule 5(1).<\/b><br>No authority shall sanction expenditure or advances without the previous consent of the <b>Finance Ministry<\/b> if it involves the introduction of a new principle or practice likely to lead to increased expenditure in future.<br><br>(b), (c) and (a) have no role in granting such prior consent.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 12,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 6: Residuary financial powers',\r\n    question: \"All financial powers not specifically delegated to any authority by the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules, 2024, including the power of creation and abolition of posts, shall vest in the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Finance Ministry\",\r\n      \"President\",\r\n      \"Administrative Department concerned\",\r\n      \"Head of the Department\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Rule 6 (Residuary financial powers).<\/b><br>All financial powers not specifically delegated by these rules, <b>including creation and abolition of posts<\/b>, vest in the <b>Finance Ministry<\/b>.<br><br>(b) The President exercises the power to relax, but residuary powers vest in the Finance Ministry; (c) and (d) exercise only powers delegated to them.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ =============================== RULE 7 ===================================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 13,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 7: Sanction of expenditure',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding sanction of expenditure:\\n1. All expenditure requires both a sanction and an appropriation.\\n2. Expenditure can be incurred against a sanction only when funds are made available by valid appropriation or re-appropriation.\\n3. A sanction to recurring expenditure becomes operative when funds for the first year are made available, and remains effective for each subsequent year subject to appropriation and the terms of the sanction.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Rule 7(1) and 7(2).<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2713 \u2014 all expenditure requires both sanction and appropriation.<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 expenditure can be incurred against a sanction only when funds are available by valid appropriation or re-appropriation.<br>Statement 3 \u2713 \u2014 a sanction to recurring expenditure becomes operative when the first year's funds are available (by appropriation, re-appropriation, or advance from the Contingency Fund) and remains effective for each subsequent year subject to appropriation and the terms of the sanction.<br><br>All three are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ =============================== RULE 8 ===================================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 14,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 8: Primary unit of appropriation',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following correctly describes the primary unit of appropriation?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The three-digit head denoting the programme of expenditure\",\r\n      \"The four-digit head denoting the function of expenditure\",\r\n      \"The lowest unit of accounting classification denoting the objects of expenditure\",\r\n      \"The unit at which the grant is voted by Parliament as a whole\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Rule 8(1).<\/b><br>Each standard Object Head against which the provision for expenditure appears constitutes a primary unit of appropriation, and the primary unit is the <b>lowest unit of accounting classification denoting the objects of expenditure<\/b>.<br><br>(b) describes the Major Head (function); (a) describes the Minor Head (programme); (d) misdescribes the level at which appropriation operates.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 15,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 8: Primary unit of appropriation',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the primary unit of appropriation:\\n1. It may include provision for both voted and charged expenditure, the amount of each being shown separately.\\n2. The primary units of appropriation, or standard Object Heads, are specified by the Finance Ministry from time to time.\\n3. The Finance Ministry may add, delete or amend the primary units of appropriation or prescribe an entirely different set of such units.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Rule 8(2), 8(3) and 8(4).<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2713 \u2014 the primary unit may include both voted and charged provision, shown separately.<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 the standard Object Heads are specified by the Finance Ministry from time to time (list at Annexure-I).<br>Statement 3 \u2713 \u2014 the Finance Ministry may add, delete or amend the primary units, or prescribe an entirely different set.<br><br>All three are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 16,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 8: Primary unit of appropriation',\r\n    question: \"In the standard six-tier numeric codification for the Detailed Demands for Grants, the Major Head, the Minor Head and the Object Head are codified respectively with:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"4 digits, 3 digits and 2 digits\",\r\n      \"2 digits, 3 digits and 4 digits\",\r\n      \"4 digits, 2 digits and 3 digits\",\r\n      \"3 digits, 2 digits and 2 digits\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Rule 8(5)(i).<\/b><br>The Major Head is <b>4 digits<\/b> (Function), the Minor Head is <b>3 digits<\/b> (Programme) and the Object Head is <b>2 digits<\/b> (primary unit of appropriation). The Sub-major Head is 2 digits, and the Sub-head and Detailed Head are 2 digits each.<br><br>The distractors scramble these digit counts.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 17,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 8: Primary unit of appropriation',\r\n    question: \"In the six-tier codification, the tier codified with two digits and denoting the 'Scheme', and the tier denoting the 'Sub-scheme', are respectively the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Minor Head; and Sub-head\",\r\n      \"Sub-head; and Detailed Head\",\r\n      \"Object Head; and Detailed Head\",\r\n      \"Detailed Head; and Sub-head\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Rule 8(5)(i).<\/b><br>The <b>Sub-head<\/b> (2 digits) denotes the Scheme, and the <b>Detailed Head<\/b> (2 digits) denotes the Sub-scheme.<br><br>(a), (c) and (d) misassign the Scheme\/Sub-scheme labels among the tiers; the Minor Head denotes the Programme and the Object Head denotes the primary unit of appropriation.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ =============================== RULE 9 ===================================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 18,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 9: Allotment of Funds',\r\n    question: \"The sanctioned funds under a grant, or an appropriation for charged expenditure, authorised by Parliament are distributed, where necessary, among the controlling and disbursing officers by the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Budget Division, Department of Economic Affairs\",\r\n      \"Finance Ministry\",\r\n      \"Department of the Government of India or authority on whose behalf the grant or appropriation was authorised\",\r\n      \"Controller General of Accounts\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Rule 9 (Allotment of Funds).<\/b><br>The <b>Department of the Government of India or the authority on whose behalf a grant or appropriation for charged expenditure is authorised by Parliament<\/b> shall distribute the sanctioned funds, where necessary, among the controlling and disbursing officers subordinate to it.<br><br>(b), (a) and (d) are central financial authorities, but the distribution down the line is done by the Department\/authority holding the grant \u2014 not by the Finance Ministry, the Budget Division or the CGA.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ =============================== RULE 10 ==================================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 19,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 10: Appropriation and Re-Appropriation',\r\n    question: \"Appropriation or re-appropriation of funds to meet expenditure on a New Service or New Instrument of Service not contemplated in the budget approved by Parliament can be made only with the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Previous consent of the Comptroller and Auditor General\",\r\n      \"Concurrence of the Financial Adviser\",\r\n      \"Approval of the Administrative Secretary\",\r\n      \"Prior approval of Parliament\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Rule 10(1).<\/b><br>Save with the <b>prior approval of Parliament<\/b>, funds shall not be appropriated or re-appropriated to meet expenditure on a New Service or New Instrument of Service not contemplated in the budget as approved by Parliament; the financial limits prescribed by the Budget Division, Department of Economic Affairs are referred to for deciding this.<br><br>(b), (c) and (a) cannot substitute for Parliament's prior approval.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 20,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 10: Appropriation and Re-Appropriation',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following restrictions on appropriation and re-appropriation of funds are correctly stated?\\n1. Funds provided for charged expenditure shall not be re-appropriated to meet voted expenditure, and vice versa.\\n2. No re-appropriation can be made from the Capital section of a grant to the Revenue section, or vice versa.\\n3. Funds shall not be re-appropriated to any work which has not received administrative approval and technical sanction.\\n4. Re-appropriation may be freely made from one grant for charged expenditure to another grant for charged expenditure.\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Rule 10, General Restrictions.<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2713 \u2014 charged funds cannot be re-appropriated to voted expenditure and vice versa [10(4)].<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 no re-appropriation between Capital and Revenue sections [10(6)].<br>Statement 3 \u2713 \u2014 no re-appropriation to a work lacking administrative approval and technical sanction [10(3)].<br>Statement 4 \u2717 \u2014 the rule states the opposite: <b>no<\/b> re-appropriation from one grant\/appropriation for charged expenditure to another grant\/appropriation for charged expenditure [10(5)]. The reversed polarity makes 4 false.<br><br>Hence 1, 2 and 3 only.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 21,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 10: Appropriation and Re-Appropriation',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following further restrictions on re-appropriation:\\n1. No re-appropriation can be made from an appropriation already augmented through a Supplementary Demand for Grant passed by Parliament.\\n2. No re-appropriation can be made from savings under an activity for which a Contingency Fund Advance has already been obtained during the financial year.\\n3. Funds shall not be re-appropriated to meet expenditure which has not been sanctioned by a competent authority.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Rule 10(7), 10(8) and 10(2).<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2713 \u2014 no re-appropriation from an appropriation already augmented through a Supplementary Demand passed by Parliament.<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 no re-appropriation from savings under an activity for which a Contingency Fund Advance has already been obtained during the year.<br>Statement 3 \u2713 \u2014 funds cannot be re-appropriated to expenditure not sanctioned by a competent authority.<br><br>All three are correctly stated restrictions.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 22,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 10: Appropriation and Re-Appropriation',\r\n    question: \"The Chief Accounting Authority of an Administrative Ministry may appropriate or re-appropriate funds to a work to cover excess of expenditure over the authorised sanctioned financial limits, but only up to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"25%, subject to approval of the Finance Ministry\",\r\n      \"10%, subject to approval of the Competent Authority\",\r\n      \"20%, subject to approval of the Competent Authority\",\r\n      \"15%, subject to approval of the Financial Adviser\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Rule 10(9)(v).<\/b><br>The delegated power extends to appropriating\/re-appropriating to a work to cover excess over authorised sanctioned limits <b>up to 20%<\/b>, subject to such excess being approved by the Competent Authority. Beyond 20%, no appropriation\/re-appropriation may be made without the Budget Division's consent and concurrence of Secretary (Expenditure).<br><br>The distractors use plausible percentages\/authorities, but the delegated ceiling is 20%.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 23,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 10: Appropriation and Re-Appropriation',\r\n    question: \"Among the delegated powers of Administrative Ministries, which of the following may be augmented through re-appropriation?\\n1. Salaries\\n2. Pensionary Charges\\n3. Medical Expenses\\n4. Rent, Rates and Taxes for Land and Buildings\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Rule 10(9)(i).<\/b><br>Administrative Ministries may augment, through re-appropriation, the provisions of the heads <b>'Salaries', 'Allowances', 'Wages', 'Pensionary Charges', 'Medical Expenses' and 'Rent, Rates and Taxes for Land and Buildings'<\/b>. All four listed heads are covered, so the answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 24,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 10: Appropriation and Re-Appropriation',\r\n    question: \"Except with the previous consent of the Budget Division and concurrence of Secretary (Expenditure), which of the following re-appropriations is prohibited?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Re-appropriation from the 'Salaries' or 'Allowances' head to any other primary unit of appropriation\",\r\n      \"Re-appropriation from 'Salaries' to 'Salaries' across schemes\",\r\n      \"Augmentation of the 'Medical Expenses' head through re-appropriation\",\r\n      \"Re-appropriation from a lump-sum provision for northeast areas to a concerned northeast scheme\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Rule 10(10)(iii).<\/b><br>Except with the previous consent of the Budget Division and concurrence of Secretary (Expenditure), <b>no re-appropriation shall be made from the 'Salaries' or 'Allowances' head to any other primary unit of appropriation<\/b>.<br><br>(b), (c) and (d) are, by contrast, among the delegated powers of Administrative Ministries under Rule 10(9), and do not require this special consent.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 25,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 10: Appropriation and Re-Appropriation',\r\n    question: \"No re-appropriation shall be made from or to the provision for Secret Service Expenditure. Where the augmentation of that provision is of a specified extent or more, prior approval of the Comptroller and Auditor General is also required. That extent is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"10% of the original provision\",\r\n      \"25% of the original provision\",\r\n      \"20% of the original provision\",\r\n      \"50% of the original provision\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Rule 10(10)(v).<\/b><br>No re-appropriation shall be made from and to the provision for Secret Service Expenditure; in case of augmentation by <b>25% or more<\/b> of the original provision, prior approval of the C&amp;AG would also be required.<br><br>The distractors are plausible percentages, but the threshold triggering C&amp;AG approval is 25%.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 26,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 10: Appropriation and Re-Appropriation',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following re-appropriations that require the previous consent of the Budget Division with concurrence of Secretary (Expenditure):\\n1. From savings under grants-in-aid to States or Union territories, to meet expenditure in the Revenue Section.\\n2. Between Capital Outlay and loans, or vice versa, in the Capital Section.\\n3. From provisions made for Externally Aided Projects to Non-Externally Aided Projects.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Rule 10(10)(i), (ii) and (iv).<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2713 \u2014 no re-appropriation from savings under grants-in-aid to States\/UTs to meet Revenue Section expenditure.<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 no re-appropriation between Capital Outlay and loans (or vice versa) in the Capital Section.<br>Statement 3 \u2713 \u2014 no re-appropriation from Externally Aided Projects to Non-Externally Aided Projects.<br><br>All three require the special consent, so all are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 27,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 10: Appropriation and Re-Appropriation',\r\n    question: \"In the delegated re-appropriation powers of Administrative Ministries\/Departments, the monetary limit for establishment expenditure booked under heads such as Office Expenses, Other Revenue Expenditure, and Domestic and Foreign Travel Expenses is up to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs. 15 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 5 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 10 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 2 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Rule 10, Government of India's decision (1), monetary-limits table.<\/b><br>For establishment expenditure under Office Expenses, Other Revenue Expenditure and Domestic\/Foreign Travel Expenses, the delegated re-appropriation power is <b>up to Rs. 2 crore<\/b>.<br><br>(b) Rs. 5 crore applies to Minor Works, Professional Services, Training, Materials and Supplies and similar heads; (a) Rs. 15 crore applies to non-establishment 'all other object heads'.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 28,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 10: Appropriation and Re-Appropriation',\r\n    question: \"In the delegated re-appropriation powers, the monetary limit for establishment expenditure booked under heads such as Minor Works, Professional Services, Training Expenses, Materials and Supplies, and Repair and Maintenance is up to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs. 5 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 2 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 10 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 15 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Rule 10, Government of India's decision (1), monetary-limits table.<\/b><br>For heads such as Minor Works, Professional Services, Rewards, Leave Travel Expenses, Training Expenses, Materials and Supplies, Cost of Ration, Fuels and Lubricants, Repair and Maintenance, and Bank\/Agency Charges, the delegated re-appropriation power is <b>up to Rs. 5 crore<\/b>.<br><br>(b) Rs. 2 crore is for the office\/travel establishment heads; (d) Rs. 15 crore is for non-establishment 'all other object heads'.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 29,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 10: Appropriation and Re-Appropriation',\r\n    question: \"In the delegated re-appropriation powers, the monetary limit for non-establishment expenditure booked under 'all other object heads' is up to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs. 10 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 15 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 5 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 2 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Rule 10, Government of India's decision (1), monetary-limits table.<\/b><br>For non-establishment expenditure under 'all other object heads', the delegated re-appropriation power of the Administrative Department\/Ministry is <b>up to Rs. 15 crore<\/b>.<br><br>(d) Rs. 2 crore is for establishment heads such as Office Expenses and Travel; (c) Rs. 5 crore is for Minor Works, Professional Services and similar heads.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 30,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 10: Appropriation and Re-Appropriation',\r\n    question: \"As per the revised re-appropriation guidelines, in which of the following situations is prior approval of the Ministry of Finance required?\\n1. Any re-appropriation during the first quarter of a financial year.\\n2. Re-appropriation from savings under Central or Centrally Sponsored Schemes to augment the establishment expenditure of a Ministry\/Department.\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Rule 10, Government of India's decision (1).<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2713 \u2014 no re-appropriation shall be made during the first quarter of a financial year without prior approval of the Ministry of Finance.<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 no re-appropriation shall be made from savings under Central\/Centrally Sponsored Schemes to augment establishment expenditure of a Ministry\/Department without prior approval of the Ministry of Finance.<br><br>Both require prior approval of the Ministry of Finance.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 31,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 10: Appropriation and Re-Appropriation',\r\n    question: \"Any order for re-appropriation issued during a financial year which increases the budget provision under a line item ending at an object head is required to be reported to Parliament (with the last batch of Supplementary Demands) when the increase exceeds:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"20% of Budget Estimates or Rs. 50 crore, whichever is less\",\r\n      \"10% of Budget Estimates or Rs. 50 crore, whichever is more\",\r\n      \"25% of Budget Estimates or Rs. 100 crore, whichever is less\",\r\n      \"20% of Budget Estimates or Rs. 100 crore, whichever is more\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Rule 10, Government of India's decision (1), reporting limit to Parliament.<\/b><br>Any re-appropriation increasing the provision under a line item ending at an object head by more than <b>20% of Budget Estimates or Rs. 100 crore, whichever is more<\/b>, must be reported to Parliament with the last batch of Supplementary Demands; if issued after that batch, prior approval of the Department of Expenditure is required.<br><br>The distractors alter the percentage, the amount, or the 'whichever' test.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 32,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 10: Appropriation and Re-Appropriation',\r\n    question: \"Re-appropriation of funds earmarked for the North East Region from the non-functional Major Heads (2552, 4552 and 6552) to the functional heads from which actual expenditure is incurred is delegated to the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Secretary of the Ministry\/Department concerned, who may further delegate it to an officer not below the rank of Joint Secretary\",\r\n      \"Financial Adviser of the Ministry, without any power of further delegation\",\r\n      \"Budget Division, Department of Economic Affairs\",\r\n      \"Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Rule 10, Government of India's decision (2).<\/b><br>Being technical in nature, such re-appropriation from the NER non-functional heads to functional heads is delegated to the <b>Secretary of the Ministry\/Department concerned<\/b> (including during the first quarter), who may further delegate it to an officer <b>not below the rank of Joint Secretary<\/b> or equivalent. This relaxation does not apply to the Ministry of Development of NER.<br><br>(b), (c) and (d) misstate the delegate or its scope.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 33,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 10: Appropriation and Re-Appropriation',\r\n    question: \"All new services (except new 'Works' under the Capital section) are treated as a 'New Service' needing prior approval of Parliament. This treatment flows from which Article of the Constitution?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Article 77\",\r\n      \"Article 115\",\r\n      \"Article 112\",\r\n      \"Article 266\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Appendix-I (Financial Limits for New Service \/ New Instrument of Service).<\/b><br>All new services (except new 'Works' under the Capital section) are considered a 'New Service' as defined in <b>Article 115<\/b> of the Constitution and accordingly need prior approval of Parliament.<br><br>(a) Article 77 relates to authentication of orders in the President's name; (c) and (d) relate to the annual financial statement and the Consolidated Fund \u2014 not the definition of New Service.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 34,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 10: Appropriation and Re-Appropriation',\r\n    question: \"For a 'New Instrument of Service' involving object heads such as Investment, Loans and advances, and Subsidies, prior approval of Parliament is required where the amount is above 20% of the original appropriation, or above a specified amount, whichever is higher. That amount is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs. 25 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 50 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 100 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 300 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Appendix-I (New Instrument of Service financial limits).<\/b><br>For an NIS, prior approval of Parliament is required where the amount is above 20% of the original appropriation OR above <b>Rs. 100 crore<\/b>, whichever is higher (subject to savings within the same section of the Grant); below this, it is a reporting item.<br><br>The distractors are plausible thresholds, but the amount fixed is Rs. 100 crore.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 35,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 8: Primary unit of appropriation',\r\n    question: \"In the six-tier classification for the Detailed Demands for Grants, match the tiers in List-I with what they denote in List-II, and select the correct answer:\\nList-I (Tier)\\nA. Major Head\\nB. Sub-major Head\\nC. Minor Head\\nD. Sub-head\\nList-II (Denotes)\\n1. Programme\\n2. Scheme\\n3. Function\\n4. Sub-function\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Rule 8(5)(i), six-tier classification.<\/b><br>A\u20133: <b>Major Head<\/b> denotes the Function.<br>B\u20134: <b>Sub-major Head<\/b> denotes the Sub-function.<br>C\u20131: <b>Minor Head<\/b> denotes the Programme.<br>D\u20132: <b>Sub-head<\/b> denotes the Scheme.<br><br>The remaining tiers are the Detailed Head (Sub-scheme) and the Object Head (object of expenditure \u2014 the primary unit of appropriation). The distractors swap the Function\/Sub-function and Programme\/Scheme labels.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 36,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 8: Primary unit of appropriation',\r\n    question: \"In the six-tier classification for the Detailed Demands for Grants, which one of the following is correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Sub-major Head \u2014 2 digits \u2014 Sub-function\",\r\n      \"Minor Head \u2014 2 digits \u2014 Programme\",\r\n      \"Object Head \u2014 3 digits \u2014 Primary unit of appropriation\",\r\n      \"Detailed Head \u2014 3 digits \u2014 Scheme\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Rule 8(5)(i), six-tier classification.<\/b><br>The <b>Sub-major Head is codified with 2 digits and denotes the Sub-function<\/b>.<br><br>(b) The Minor Head denotes the Programme but is codified with <b>3<\/b> digits, not 2. (c) The Object Head is the primary unit of appropriation but carries <b>2<\/b> digits, not 3. (d) The Detailed Head is 2 digits and denotes the <b>Sub-scheme<\/b> \u2014 the Scheme is denoted by the Sub-head. Each distractor is a near-miss on one attribute.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n\/\/ =============================== RULE 11 ==================================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 37,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 11: Indents, contracts and purchases',\r\n    question: \"The financial powers exercisable by the Secretary of the Department concerned for open or limited tender contracts, and for negotiated or single tender or proprietary contracts and agreements, are respectively up to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs. 25 crore; and Rs. 100 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 100 crore; and Rs. 25 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 100 crore; and Rs. 50 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 50 crore; and Rs. 25 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Rule 11(2) and 11(3).<\/b><br>The Secretary of the Department concerned may exercise powers up to <b>Rs. 100 crore<\/b> for open or limited tender contracts, and up to <b>Rs. 25 crore<\/b> for negotiated or single tender or proprietary contracts and agreements.<br><br>(a) reverses the two figures \u2014 the trap being that the more competitive mode (open\/limited tender) carries the higher limit; (c) and (d) alter one of the two limits.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 38,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 11: Indents, contracts and purchases',\r\n    question: \"A proposed open tender contract of a Department is valued above Rs. 100 crore. The approval required for this contract is that of the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Financial Adviser of the Department\",\r\n      \"Finance Ministry\",\r\n      \"Minister in charge of the Department\",\r\n      \"Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Rule 11(4).<\/b><br>Contracts or purchases whose amount exceeds the values fixed for the Secretary's powers (Rs. 100 crore for open\/limited tender; Rs. 25 crore for negotiated\/single tender\/proprietary) require the approval of the <b>Minister in charge of the Department<\/b>.<br><br>(b), (a) and (d) are not the escalation authority; once the Secretary's ceiling is crossed, the matter goes to the Minister-in-charge.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 39,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 11: Indents, contracts and purchases',\r\n    question: \"The power to award a contract, purchase or consultancy in a Project or Scheme has already been considered and allowed by the Public Investment Board, the Expenditure Finance Committee or the Cabinet. Such cases are to be processed:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Only after re-appraisal by the Financial Adviser\",\r\n      \"As per the general limits of the Secretary of the Department in every case\",\r\n      \"Only after fresh concurrence of the Finance Ministry\",\r\n      \"As per the financial limits laid down for sanction of such Schemes or Projects by that Authority\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Rule 11(6) and Government of India's Decision (1).<\/b><br>Where such powers have been considered and allowed by the PIB, EFC or Cabinet, the cases are processed as per the <b>financial limits laid down for sanction of such Schemes or Projects by that Authority<\/b>.<br><br>(b), (c) and (a) would superimpose fresh or general limits over the specific approval already granted by the higher authority \u2014 which the rule does not require.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ =============================== RULE 12 ==================================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 40,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 12: Powers of Subordinate Authorities',\r\n    question: \"A Department of the Central Government proposes to confer financial powers upon a Head of Department subordinate to it. Consider the following conditions:\\n1. The conferment may be made by a general or special order.\\n2. The powers conferred cannot exceed those vested in the Department itself.\\n3. The conferment is to be made in consultation with the Internal Financial Adviser.\\nWhich of the conditions given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Rule 12(2).<\/b><br>A Department of the Central Government may, <b>by general or special order<\/b> (1), confer powers <b>not exceeding those vested in that Department<\/b> (2) upon an Administrator, Head of Department or other subordinate authority, <b>in consultation with the Internal Financial Adviser<\/b> (3).<br><br>All three conditions flow from the same sub-rule, so the answer is 1, 2 and 3.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 41,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 12: Powers of Subordinate Authorities',\r\n    question: \"While conferring powers upon subordinate authorities, a Department of the Central Government can NOT re-delegate its powers in respect of which of the following matters?\\n1. Re-appropriation of funds\\n2. Waiver of recovery of overpayment made to Government servants\\n3. Appraisal and approval of Schemes or Projects\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Rule 12(2), provisos (a), (b) and (c).<\/b><br>No power shall be re-delegated in respect of: <b>re-appropriation of funds<\/b>, <b>waiver of recovery of overpayment made to Government servants<\/b>, and <b>appraisal and approval of Schemes or Projects<\/b>. All three are barred from re-delegation.<br><br>Hence the answer is 1, 2 and 3.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 42,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 12: Powers of Subordinate Authorities',\r\n    question: \"A Head of Department authorises, by an order in writing, a Gazetted Officer serving under him to exercise certain of his delegated financial powers. As regards the correctness, regularity and propriety of the decisions taken by that Gazetted Officer:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Responsibility is shared equally between the two\",\r\n      \"The authorised Gazetted Officer alone becomes responsible\",\r\n      \"The Head of the Department continues to be responsible\",\r\n      \"The Internal Financial Adviser becomes responsible\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Rule 12(3).<\/b><br>The Administrator or Head of the Department may authorise a Gazetted Officer in writing to exercise the powers to the extent specified, but shall <b>continue to be responsible for the correctness, regularity and propriety<\/b> of the decisions taken by the officer so authorised.<br><br>(b), (a) and (d) misplace the responsibility, which remains with the delegating Head of Department.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 43,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 12: Powers of Subordinate Authorities',\r\n    question: \"With regard to declaring a Gazetted Officer as the Head of the Office, which one of the following is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Only an officer of the level of Head of Department can be declared as Head of Office\",\r\n      \"Any number of Gazetted Officers may be declared as Head of Office for the same establishment\",\r\n      \"The declaration can be made only by the Finance Ministry\",\r\n      \"Not more than one Gazetted Officer shall be declared as Head of Office in respect of the same office or establishment, unless such establishments are distinctly separate from one another\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Rule 12(4), second proviso.<\/b><br>Departments of the Government of India, Administrators and Heads of Departments may declare any Gazetted Officer subordinate to them as the Head of the Office; but <b>not more than one<\/b> Gazetted Officer shall be declared as Head of Office for the same office or establishment, <b>unless such office or establishment is distinctly separate<\/b> from one another.<br><br>(b) drops the one-officer rule; (c) misplaces the declaring authority; (a) invents a rank requirement.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 44,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 12: Powers of Subordinate Authorities',\r\n    question: \"An expenditure was incurred at a time when the sanctioning authority had no competence to sanction it. Subsequently, the authority acquires the competence and seeks to validate the expenditure. Such validation of an action already taken is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Permissible in exercise of the delegated power\",\r\n      \"Barred in every case\",\r\n      \"Permissible only with the prior approval of the Comptroller and Auditor General\",\r\n      \"Permissible only for revenue expenditure and not for capital expenditure\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Rule 12(6).<\/b><br>The delegated power can be exercised for a <b>validation of an action already taken, or expenditure or liability already incurred, even where the validating authority had no competence to do so at the time<\/b> the action was taken or the expenditure\/liability was incurred.<br><br>(b), (c) and (d) impose bars or conditions that the rule does not contain.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ =============================== RULE 13 ==================================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 45,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 13: Powers of Subordinate Authorities to write off loss',\r\n    question: \"The monetary limits up to which a Department of the Government of India may write off, in each case, irrecoverable losses of stores or public money \u2014 (i) where the loss is due to theft, fraud or negligence, and (ii) in other cases \u2014 are respectively:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs. 50,00,000; and Rs. 5,00,000\",\r\n      \"Rs. 5,00,000; and Rs. 50,00,000\",\r\n      \"Rs. 2,00,000; and Rs. 5,00,000\",\r\n      \"Rs. 5,00,000; and Rs. 5,00,000\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Rule 13, Government of India's decision (1), write-off table.<\/b><br>For irrecoverable losses of stores or public money, a Department of the Government of India may write off <b>Rs. 5,00,000<\/b> in each case where the loss is due to theft, fraud or negligence, and <b>Rs. 50,00,000<\/b> in other cases.<br><br>(a) reverses the two figures \u2014 the trap being that culpable losses (theft\/fraud\/negligence) carry the LOWER delegated limit; (c) substitutes the Administrators' theft\/fraud limit; (d) understates the 'other cases' limit.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 46,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 13: Powers of Subordinate Authorities to write off loss',\r\n    question: \"The monetary limit up to which a Department of the Government of India may write off, in each case, the loss due to deficiencies and depreciation in the value of stores (other than motor vehicles or motor cycles) included in the stock and other accounts, including losses on food grains, sugar, etc., is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs. 2,00,000\",\r\n      \"Rs. 50,00,000\",\r\n      \"Rs. 5,00,000\",\r\n      \"Rs. 10,00,000\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Rule 13, Government of India's decision (1), write-off table.<\/b><br>For deficiencies and depreciation in the value of stores (other than motor vehicles or motor cycles) included in the stock and other accounts, including losses on food grains, sugar, etc., the limit for a Department of the Government of India is <b>Rs. 5,00,000<\/b> in each case.<br><br>(b) Rs. 50,00,000 is the limit for irrecoverable losses of stores\/public money in non-culpable cases \u2014 an adjacent row of the same table used as a distractor.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 47,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 13: Powers of Subordinate Authorities to write off loss',\r\n    question: \"With regard to the power to write off loss of revenue or irrecoverable loans and advances, the Department of Revenue has:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"No powers, all such cases requiring the Finance Ministry's sanction\",\r\n      \"Powers up to Rs. 5,00,000 in each case\",\r\n      \"Powers up to Rs. 50,00,000 in each case\",\r\n      \"Full powers to write off losses of irrecoverable revenue\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Rule 13, Government of India's decision (1), write-off table.<\/b><br>For loss of revenue or irrecoverable loans and advances, the <b>Department of Revenue has full powers<\/b> to write off losses of irrecoverable revenue; other Departments of the Government of India have powers up to Rs. 5,00,000 in each case.<br><br>(b) is the limit applicable to the other Departments, not the Department of Revenue; (c) and (a) misstate the position.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 48,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 13: Powers of Subordinate Authorities to write off loss',\r\n    question: \"Where the original authority delegates to a Head of Department, by a written order, the power to write off irrecoverable losses of stores and public money, such delegation shall not exceed:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"10% of the power of the Department\",\r\n      \"25% of the power of the Department\",\r\n      \"5% of the power of the Department\",\r\n      \"50% of the power of the Department\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Rule 13, Government of India's decision (1).<\/b><br>The power to write off irrecoverable losses of stores and public money may be delegated to the Head of Department through a written order, subject to such delegation <b>not exceeding 10%<\/b> of the power of the Department; the same 10% cap applies for deficiencies and depreciation in the value of stores.<br><br>The distractors are plausible caps, but the fixed ceiling is 10%.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 49,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 13: Powers of Subordinate Authorities to write off loss',\r\n    question: \"Ministries and Departments (other than the Department of Revenue) may re-delegate to Heads of Departments the power to write off loss of revenue, in each case, up to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs. 50,000\",\r\n      \"Rs. 5,000\",\r\n      \"Rs. 2,00,000\",\r\n      \"Rs. 5,00,000\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Rule 13, Government of India's decision (1).<\/b><br>Ministries\/Departments other than the Department of Revenue may re-delegate powers of write-off of loss of revenue up to <b>Rs. 5,000<\/b> in each case to Heads of Departments.<br><br>The distractors are larger plausible figures \u2014 (d) Rs. 5,00,000 being the Department's own limit for revenue loss \u2014 but the re-delegation ceiling to HoDs is only Rs. 5,000.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 50,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 13: Powers of Subordinate Authorities to write off loss',\r\n    question: \"For the purpose of mature condemnation of motor vehicles, the lives fixed for Heavy Commercial Motor Vehicles, Light Commercial Motor Vehicles and Motor Cycles \u2014 in terms of distance run and length of use, whichever is reached later \u2014 are respectively:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1,50,000 km\/6\u00bd years; 4,00,000 km\/10 years; 1,20,000 km\/7 years\",\r\n      \"4,00,000 km\/10 years; 1,20,000 km\/7 years; 1,50,000 km\/6\u00bd years\",\r\n      \"4,00,000 km\/10 years; 1,50,000 km\/6\u00bd years; 1,20,000 km\/7 years\",\r\n      \"2,00,000 km\/7 years; 1,50,000 km\/6\u00bd years; 1,00,000 km\/5 years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Rule 13, Government of India's decision (1), condemnation table.<\/b><br>Heavy Commercial Motor Vehicles: <b>4,00,000 km or 10 years<\/b>; Light Commercial Motor Vehicles: <b>1,50,000 km or 6\u00bd years<\/b>; Motor Cycles: <b>1,20,000 km or 7 years<\/b> \u2014 the distance run or length of use, <b>whichever is reached later<\/b>.<br><br>(b) swaps the LCV and motorcycle figures; (a) swaps HCV and LCV; (d) uses figures not in the table.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 51,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 13: Powers of Subordinate Authorities to write off loss',\r\n    question: \"A Ministry has full power to scrap its vehicles which have reached a specified age, through a Registered Vehicle Scrapping Facility only, established as per the guidelines of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. That age is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"20 years\",\r\n      \"10 years\",\r\n      \"7 years\",\r\n      \"15 years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Rule 13, Government of India's decision (1).<\/b><br>A Ministry\/Department has full power to scrap vehicles which have reached <b>15 years<\/b> of age, through a <b>Registered Vehicle Scrapping Facility (RVSF)<\/b> only, established as per MoRTH guidelines.<br><br>(b) 10 years is the condemnation life of Heavy Commercial Motor Vehicles and (c) 7 years that of motor cycles \u2014 adjacent figures from the same decision used as distractors.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 52,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 13: Powers of Subordinate Authorities to write off loss',\r\n    question: \"Condemned vehicles are required to be disposed of within a specified period from the date of placing an order with the manufacturer for their replacement. That period is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Three months\",\r\n      \"One month\",\r\n      \"Six months\",\r\n      \"One year\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Rule 13, Government of India's decision (1).<\/b><br>Condemned vehicles are to be disposed of within <b>three months<\/b> from the date of placing an order with the manufacturer for replacement.<br><br>The distractors are plausible periods; the prescribed period is three months.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 53,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 13: Powers of Subordinate Authorities to write off loss',\r\n    question: \"Following a fire, a number of articles of stores are to be written off on a single occasion. In reckoning the competence of the sanctioning authority, the value in 'each case' is to be taken as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The value of the single most valuable article in the lot\",\r\n      \"The total value of the stores intended to be written off on that occasion, and not the value of individual articles\",\r\n      \"The average value of the articles in the lot\",\r\n      \"The value of each article taken separately\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Rule 13, Government of India's decision (1).<\/b><br>Where a number of articles are written off on one occasion, competence is reckoned with reference to the <b>total value of the stores intended to be written off on that occasion<\/b>; losses attributable to one specific cause (such as fire, theft or flood) are to be written off at one time and must <b>not be split up<\/b> to bring the amount within the powers of a lower authority.<br><br>(a), (c) and (d) would defeat this anti-splitting safeguard.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 54,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 13: Powers of Subordinate Authorities to write off loss',\r\n    question: \"For deciding the value of stores while writing off deficiencies, the value to be adopted where priced accounts are maintained, and in other cases, is respectively the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Market value; and book value\",\r\n      \"Replacement value; and book value\",\r\n      \"Book value; and replacement value\",\r\n      \"Book value; and market value\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Rule 13, Government of India's decision (1).<\/b><br>For deciding the value of the stores, it shall be the <b>'book value' where priced accounts are maintained<\/b> and the <b>'replacement value' in other cases<\/b>.<br><br>(b) reverses the two; (a) and (d) introduce 'market value', a term the decision does not use.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ =============================== RULE 14 ==================================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 55,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 14: Insurance of Government property',\r\n    question: \"With regard to insurance of Government property, movable and immovable, the position under the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules, 2024 is that such property:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Shall be insured only where its value exceeds Rs. 25 crore\",\r\n      \"Shall be compulsorily insured by every Department against fire and theft\",\r\n      \"May be insured with the concurrence of the Financial Adviser alone\",\r\n      \"Shall not be insured, and no subordinate authority shall incur expenditure on such insurance without the previous consent of the Finance Ministry, except where relaxation is provided\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Rule 14 (Insurance of Government property).<\/b><br>Government property, movable and immovable, <b>shall not be insured<\/b>, and no subordinate authority shall undertake any liability or incur any expenditure in connection with such insurance <b>without the previous consent of the Finance Ministry<\/b>, except to the extent of any relaxation provided by that Ministry.<br><br>(b), (c) and (a) contradict the default rule of the Government acting as self-insurer.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ =============================== RULE 15 ==================================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 56,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 15: Waiver of recovery of overpayment made to Government servants',\r\n    question: \"The recovery of an overpayment made mistakenly to a Government servant can be waived only when certain conditions are satisfied. Consider the following:\\n1. The amount disallowed was drawn by the Government servant under a reasonable belief that he was entitled to it.\\n2. In the opinion of the competent authority, the recovery will cause undue hardship, or is impossible to effect.\\nWhich of the conditions given above is\/are required?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Rule 15(1).<\/b><br>Waiver of recovery is subject to <b>both<\/b> conditions: the amount was drawn under a <b>reasonable belief of entitlement<\/b>, and in the opinion of the authority the recovery would cause <b>undue hardship or is impossible<\/b> to effect.<br><br>(b) and (c) drop one limb; both must co-exist for the waiver.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 57,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 15: Waiver of recovery of overpayment made to Government servants',\r\n    question: \"A Department of the Government of India may waive recovery of an overpayment, in the case of each individual, with the concurrence of the Financial Adviser of the Department, up to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs. 5,00,000 \u2014 proposals above this being referred to the Finance Ministry for concurrence\",\r\n      \"Rs. 2,00,000 \u2014 proposals above this being referred to the Finance Ministry for concurrence\",\r\n      \"Rs. 1,00,000 \u2014 proposals above this being referred to the Comptroller and Auditor General\",\r\n      \"Rs. 2,00,000 \u2014 proposals above this being decided by the Administrative Secretary\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Rule 15(2).<\/b><br>A Department may waive recovery of overpayment up to <b>Rs. 2,00,000<\/b> in the case of each individual with the <b>concurrence of the Financial Adviser<\/b>; proposals for waiver of an amount greater than Rs. 2,00,000 in each case are referred to the <b>Finance Ministry<\/b> for concurrence.<br><br>(a) and (c) alter the amount or the escalation authority; (d) keeps the amount but wrongly routes higher cases to the Administrative Secretary.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 58,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 15: Waiver of recovery of overpayment made to Government servants',\r\n    question: \"Since the date of the recovery order is a critical input for a decision on waiver, the order for recovery of an overpayment should be issued within a specified time from the date of detection of the overpayment. That time is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Three months\",\r\n      \"Two months\",\r\n      \"One month\",\r\n      \"Six months\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Rule 15, Government of India's Decision (1).<\/b><br>The order for recovery of the overpayment should be issued within <b>one month<\/b> from the date of detection of the overpayment.<br><br>The distractors are plausible periods; the prescribed time is one month.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ =============================== RULE 16 ==================================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 59,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 16: Expenditure on Schemes or Projects',\r\n    question: \"For a Scheme or Project with an Original Cost Estimate up to Rs. 100 crore, the appraisal and the approval are respectively carried out by the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Expenditure Finance Committee; and the Cabinet\",\r\n      \"Secretary of the Administrative Department; and the Minister-in-charge\",\r\n      \"Standing Finance Committee; and the Minister-in-charge\",\r\n      \"Financial Adviser; and the Secretary of the Administrative Department\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Rule 16, Appendix-III, Original Cost Estimates table.<\/b><br>For an OCE up to Rs. 100 crore, appraisal is by the <b>Financial Adviser<\/b> and approval is by the <b>Secretary of the Administrative Department<\/b>.<br><br>(b), (c) and (a) are the appraisal\/approval combinations applicable to the higher cost slabs, used as distractors.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 60,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 16: Expenditure on Schemes or Projects',\r\n    question: \"For a Scheme or Project with an Original Cost Estimate greater than Rs. 100 crore and up to Rs. 500 crore, the appraisal is done by the Standing Finance Committee (for Schemes) or the Delegated Investment Board (for Projects), chaired by the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Secretary of the Administrative Department, with approval by the Minister-in-charge\",\r\n      \"Expenditure Secretary, with approval by the Finance Minister\",\r\n      \"Financial Adviser, with approval by the Secretary of the Administrative Department\",\r\n      \"Cabinet Secretary, with approval by the Cabinet\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Rule 16, Appendix-III, Original Cost Estimates table.<\/b><br>For an OCE > Rs. 100 crore and up to Rs. 500 crore, appraisal is by the <b>SFC\/DIB chaired by the Secretary of the Administrative Department<\/b>, and approval is by the <b>Minister-in-charge<\/b> of the Administrative Department.<br><br>(b) describes the chairing arrangement of the EFC\/PIB slab (> Rs. 500 crore); (c) is the up-to-100-crore slab; (d) has no basis in the table.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 61,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 16: Expenditure on Schemes or Projects',\r\n    question: \"For a Scheme or Project with an Original Cost Estimate greater than Rs. 500 crore, the appraisal is done by the Expenditure Finance Committee (for Schemes) or the Public Investment Board (for Projects), chaired by the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Secretary of the Administrative Department\",\r\n      \"Expenditure Secretary\",\r\n      \"Finance Minister\",\r\n      \"Cabinet Secretary\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Rule 16, Appendix-III, Original Cost Estimates table.<\/b><br>For an OCE greater than Rs. 500 crore, the appraisal is by the <b>EFC\/PIB chaired by the Expenditure Secretary<\/b> (save where a special dispensation has been notified).<br><br>(a) chairs the SFC\/DIB for the 100\u2013500 crore slab; (c) is an approving (not appraising) authority for the 500\u20131000 crore slab; (d) has no chairing role here.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 62,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 16: Expenditure on Schemes or Projects',\r\n    question: \"For a Scheme or Project with an Original Cost Estimate greater than Rs. 500 crore and up to Rs. 1000 crore, the approval is accorded by the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Cabinet or the Committee of the Cabinet concerned\",\r\n      \"Minister-in-charge of the Administrative Department alone\",\r\n      \"Minister-in-charge of the Administrative Department and the Finance Minister\",\r\n      \"Expenditure Secretary\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Rule 16, Appendix-III, Original Cost Estimates table.<\/b><br>For an OCE > Rs. 500 crore and up to Rs. 1000 crore, approval is by the <b>Minister-in-charge of the Administrative Department AND the Finance Minister<\/b>.<br><br>(b) alone suffices only for the 100\u2013500 crore slab; (a) applies above Rs. 1000 crore; (d) chairs the appraisal (EFC\/PIB), not the approval.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 63,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 16: Expenditure on Schemes or Projects',\r\n    question: \"For a Scheme or Project with an Original Cost Estimate greater than Rs. 1000 crore, the approval is accorded by the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Prime Minister's Office\",\r\n      \"Minister-in-charge of the Administrative Department and the Finance Minister\",\r\n      \"Public Investment Board\",\r\n      \"Cabinet or the Committee of the Cabinet concerned with the subject\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Rule 16, Appendix-III, Original Cost Estimates table.<\/b><br>For an OCE greater than Rs. 1000 crore, the approval is by the <b>Cabinet or the Committee of the Cabinet<\/b> concerned with the subject.<br><br>(b) is the approval level for the 500\u20131000 crore slab; (c) is an appraising body, not an approving authority; (a) has no role in the table.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 64,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 16: Expenditure on Schemes or Projects',\r\n    question: \"Financial Advisers may seek participation of the Department of Expenditure in the meetings of the Standing Finance Committee or the Delegated Investment Board. Such participation is mandatory for proposals above:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs. 300 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 100 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 500 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 1000 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Rule 16, Appendix-III, Notes.<\/b><br>Participation of the Department of Expenditure in SFC\/DIB meetings is <b>mandatory for proposals above Rs. 300 crore<\/b>; for smaller proposals the Financial Adviser may seek it optionally.<br><br>The distractors are the OCE appraisal\/approval slab boundaries (100\/500\/1000 crore) \u2014 deliberately adjacent figures, but the participation threshold is Rs. 300 crore.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 65,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 16: Expenditure on Schemes or Projects',\r\n    question: \"Pre-investment activities of a Scheme or Project \u2014 such as preparation of Feasibility Reports, Detailed Project Reports, pilot studies, survey and investigation \u2014 may be approved by the Secretary of the Administrative Department with the concurrence of the Financial Adviser, up to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs. 50 crore (budgetary resources only)\",\r\n      \"Rs. 100 crore (including budgetary and extra-budgetary resources)\",\r\n      \"Rs. 300 crore (including budgetary and extra-budgetary resources)\",\r\n      \"Rs. 500 crore (budgetary resources only)\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Rule 16, Appendix-III, Pre-Investment Activities.<\/b><br>Pre-investment activities up to <b>Rs. 100 crore (including budgetary and extra-budgetary resources)<\/b> may be approved by the Secretary of the Administrative Department with the concurrence of the Financial Adviser, provided financial resources are available and in-principle approval has been obtained wherever necessary.<br><br>The distractors alter the amount or the resource coverage.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 66,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 16: Expenditure on Schemes or Projects',\r\n    question: \"In a running Project, cost increases have occurred on account of statutory levies, exchange rate variation and price escalation within the approved time cycle, together with an increase due to other reasons. Such increases are treated as covered by the approval of the original cost estimates so long as the increase due to other reasons does not exceed:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"25% of the firmed-up cost estimates\",\r\n      \"10% of the firmed-up cost estimates\",\r\n      \"20% of the firmed-up cost estimates\",\r\n      \"15% of the firmed-up cost estimates\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Rule 16, Appendix-III, Revised Cost Estimates.<\/b><br>Increases due to statutory levies, exchange rate variation and price escalation within the approved time cycle, and increases in cost <b>up to 20%<\/b> due to any other reason, are covered by the approval of the original cost estimates.<br><br>Beyond 20%, the revised estimates must first be placed before a Revised Cost Committee. The distractors are plausible percentages; the figure is 20%.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 67,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 16: Expenditure on Schemes or Projects',\r\n    question: \"An increase in the cost of a Project beyond 20% of the firmed-up cost estimates \u2014 attributable to time overrun, change in scope or under-estimation \u2014 must first be placed before a Revised Cost Committee chaired by the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Joint Secretary of the programme division, with a representative of the Budget Division as member\",\r\n      \"Secretary of the Administrative Department, with the Financial Adviser as member\",\r\n      \"Expenditure Secretary, with the Financial Adviser as member\",\r\n      \"Financial Adviser, with the Joint Secretary of the programme division and a representative of the Chief Adviser Cost as members\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Rule 16, Appendix-III, Revised Cost Estimates.<\/b><br>Increases beyond 20% of the firmed-up cost estimates must first be placed before a <b>Revised Cost Committee chaired by the Financial Adviser<\/b>, with the <b>Joint Secretary in charge of the programme division<\/b> and a <b>representative of the Chief Adviser Cost<\/b> as members.<br><br>(b), (c) and (a) misassign the chair or the membership; the FA chairs this Committee.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ =============================== RULE 17 ==================================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 68,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 17: Grants-in-aid, loans, etc.',\r\n    question: \"Departments of the Government of India and Administrators have full powers to sanction grants-in-aid, including scholarships. This power is subject to the condition that the grants-in-aid:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Are in accordance with the rules or principles prescribed with the previous consent of the Finance Ministry, and a certificate to that effect is included in the sanction\",\r\n      \"Are individually approved by the Cabinet in every case\",\r\n      \"Do not exceed Rs. 25 crore in each case\",\r\n      \"Are recommended by the Comptroller and Auditor General\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Rule 17.<\/b><br>The full powers are exercisable provided the grants-in-aid are made <b>in accordance with the rules or principles prescribed with the previous consent of the Finance Ministry<\/b>, and a <b>certificate to that effect is included in the sanction<\/b>.<br><br>(b), (c) and (d) invent approvals, ceilings or recommendations that the rule does not require.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 69,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 17: Grants-in-aid, loans, etc.',\r\n    question: \"While sanctioning a loan, the rate of interest and the period of repayment of the loan are to be fixed:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"By the sanctioning Department at its discretion in every case\",\r\n      \"With the previous consent of the Ministry of Finance, unless already prescribed by any general or special order of that Ministry\",\r\n      \"By the borrower in consultation with the sanctioning Department\",\r\n      \"By the Comptroller and Auditor General\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Rule 17, condition on loans.<\/b><br>The rate of interest and the period of repayment of a loan are fixed <b>with the previous consent of the Ministry of Finance<\/b>, unless the rate of interest and period of repayment have already been prescribed by a general or special order of that Ministry.<br><br>(a), (c) and (d) misplace the authority for fixing these financial terms.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ =============================== RULE 18 ==================================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 70,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 18: Trading operations',\r\n    question: \"Proposals for the purchase of commodities not intended for Government consumption but for sale to the public, and proposals for fixation of prices in direct trading operations, need NOT be referred to the Ministry of Finance for concurrence where the value of the transaction is below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs. 50 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 10 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 25 crore\",\r\n      \"Rs. 100 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Rule 18, proviso.<\/b><br>Such proposals may not be referred to the Ministry of Finance for concurrence if the value of the transaction is below <b>Rs. 25 crore<\/b>; above that value, the Ministry of Finance's concurrence is required.<br><br>The distractors are plausible thresholds; the figure fixed in the proviso is Rs. 25 crore.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ =============================== RULE 19 ==================================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 71,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 19: Dismantlement of public buildings',\r\n    question: \"The Departments of the Government of India and Administrators have full powers to sanction the sale or dismantlement of purely temporary structures. A 'purely temporary structure' for this purpose means a structure whose life is not more than:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Five years\",\r\n      \"One year\",\r\n      \"Three years\",\r\n      \"Two years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Rule 19, Explanation.<\/b><br>A 'purely temporary structure' means a structure the life of which is <b>not more than two years<\/b>; Departments and Administrators have full powers to sanction dismantlement of such structures.<br><br>The distractors are plausible periods; the Explanation fixes the life at two years.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 72,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 19: Dismantlement of public buildings',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following conditions relating to dismantlement of a public building (other than a purely temporary structure):\\n1. It must previously be ascertained that the building is not required by any other Department of the Government of India.\\n2. The power is exercised with the concurrence of the Financial Adviser.\\n3. Demolition requires the building to be structurally dangerous or beyond economic repair, as certified by the appropriate technical authority.\\nWhich of the conditions given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Rule 19, conditions.<\/b><br>Condition 1 \u2713 \u2014 no public building is dismantled unless previously ascertained that it is <b>not required by any other Department<\/b>.<br>Condition 2 \u2713 \u2014 the power is exercised with the <b>concurrence of the Financial Adviser<\/b>.<br>Condition 3 \u2713 \u2014 demolition requires the building to be <b>structurally dangerous or beyond economic repair, certified by the appropriate technical authority<\/b>.<br><br>All three conditions are prescribed, so the answer is 1, 2 and 3.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ =============================== RULE 20 ==================================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 73,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 20: Communication of sanctions',\r\n    question: \"A sanction of expenditure requiring the consent of the Finance Ministry is being communicated to the audit officer and the Pay and Accounts Officer. The sanction must add a clause stating that the order issues:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"With the approval of the Comptroller and Auditor General\",\r\n      \"With the concurrence of the Ministry of Finance (Department of Expenditure), citing the number and date of its Office Memorandum or U.O.\",\r\n      \"With the approval of the Cabinet Secretariat\",\r\n      \"Under the residuary powers of the Administrative Department\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Rule 20(1).<\/b><br>Where the consent or sanction of the Finance Ministry is required, the sanction communicated to audit\/PAO must add a clause that the order issues <b>with the concurrence of the Ministry of Finance (Department of Expenditure)<\/b>, citing the <b>number and date of its O.M.\/U.O.<\/b><br><br>(a), (c) and (d) name authorities or powers that are not what the prescribed clause records.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ =============================== RULE 21 ==================================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 74,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 21: Repeal and savings',\r\n    question: \"The Delegation of Financial Powers Rules, 2024 do NOT apply to which of the following?\\n1. The Ministry of Railways and authorities subordinate to it\\n2. The Ministry of Defence, in relation to expenditure debitable to the Defence Services Estimates\\n3. The Departments of Atomic Energy and Space\\n4. The Department of Telecommunications\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Rule 21, non-applicability.<\/b><br>The rules do not apply to: the <b>Ministry of Railways<\/b> and its subordinate authorities; the <b>Ministry of Defence<\/b> and its subordinate authorities in relation to expenditure debitable to the <b>Defence Services Estimates<\/b>; the <b>Departments of Atomic Energy and Space<\/b>; the <b>Department of Telecommunications<\/b>; and the Government of India's representatives abroad.<br><br>All four listed bodies are excluded, so the answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 75,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 21: Repeal and savings',\r\n    question: \"On repeal of the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules, 1978, anything done or any action taken under the repealed rules shall be:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Continued only up to the end of the financial year 2024-25\",\r\n      \"Rendered void, requiring fresh sanction in every case\",\r\n      \"Referred to the Finance Ministry for validation within one year\",\r\n      \"Deemed to have been done or taken under the corresponding provisions of the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules, 2024\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Rule 21, savings clause.<\/b><br>Notwithstanding the repeal of the 1978 rules, anything done or any action taken thereunder is <b>deemed to have been done or taken under the corresponding provisions of the 2024 rules<\/b> \u2014 the standard savings clause preserving past actions.<br><br>(b), (c) and (a) would unsettle past transactions, which is precisely what a savings clause prevents.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ================ OTHER RELATED ORDERS: CREATION OF POSTS ==================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 76,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"As per the Compendium of instructions on creation of posts, the authority competent to approve the creation of posts equivalent to SAG and above levels (Pay Level-14 and above), and of posts below SAG level, are respectively the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Cabinet; and the Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Department of Expenditure; and the Cabinet\",\r\n      \"Finance Minister; and the Administrative Secretary\",\r\n      \"Cabinet; and the Finance Minister\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Compendium on creation of posts (Department of Expenditure O.M.), read with Rule 6.<\/b><br>Posts equivalent to SAG and above levels <b>[Pay Level-14 and above]: Cabinet<\/b>; posts below SAG level <b>[below Pay Level-14]: Department of Expenditure<\/b>.<br><br>(b) reverses the two authorities; (c) and (d) wrongly bring in the Finance Minister\/Administrative Secretary \u2014 the Finance Minister is not the competent authority for creation of posts under the Compendium.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 77,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"A post falling in the category of 'deemed abolished' under the instructions on creation and abolition of posts can be filled up:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"With a simple 'revival' approval from the Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Only by creating it de novo by following the prescribed procedure for creation of posts, unless specifically excepted\",\r\n      \"By the Administrative Ministry on its own authority\",\r\n      \"By obtaining ex-post facto sanction of the Financial Adviser\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Compendium on creation of posts.<\/b><br>Once a post stands abolished ('deemed abolished'), it shall not be filled <b>except by creating it de novo<\/b> by following the prescribed procedure for creation of posts, unless it is covered by the specific exceptions.<br><br>(a) is the common misconception \u2014 a mere 'revival' approval is not enough; (c) and (d) name authorities\/routes that cannot cure a deemed abolition.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n\/\/ ================= COMMITTEE ON ESTABLISHMENT EXPENDITURE =================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 78,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the Transaction of Business Rules, 1961, the creation of a new company, autonomous body, institution\/university or special purpose vehicle, along with creation of posts at the level of Joint Secretary and above, needs to be put up for approval before the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Committee on Establishment Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Cabinet\",\r\n      \"NITI Aayog\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 DoE O.M. dated 15.09.2016 (Committee on Establishment Expenditure).<\/b><br>According to the Transaction of Business Rules, 1961, creation of a new company, autonomous body, institution\/university or SPV, along with creation of posts at the level of <b>Joint Secretary and above, needs to be put for approval before the Cabinet<\/b> \u2014 to ensure parastatal bodies do not multiply and establishment liabilities do not increase.<br><br>(a) The CEE is only the <b>appraisal<\/b> forum for creation of New Bodies; approval remains with the Cabinet. (b) and (d) are members\/participants in the process, not the approving authority.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 79,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"In the composition of the Committee on Establishment Expenditure (CEE), match the functionaries with their roles, and select the correct answer:\\nList-I (Functionary)\\nA. Expenditure Secretary\\nB. Financial Advisor of the Administrative Ministry\\nC. Secretary of the Administrative Ministry\\nList-II (Role)\\n1. Member\\n2. Chairperson\\n3. Member-Secretary\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-3\",\r\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-2\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-3, C-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 DoE O.M. dated 15.09.2016, composition of CEE.<\/b><br>A\u20132: The <b>Expenditure Secretary is the Chairperson<\/b>.<br>B\u20133: The <b>Financial Advisor of the Administrative Ministry\/Department is the Member-Secretary<\/b>.<br>C\u20131: The <b>Secretary of the Administrative Ministry\/Department is a Member<\/b> \u2014 along with Joint Secretary (DoE), Adviser PAMD NITI Aayog and a representative of the Budget Division.<br><br>(b) wrongly makes the Administrative Secretary the Member-Secretary; the Integrated Finance of the Administrative Ministry functions as the Secretariat for the CEE.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 80,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"While appraising a proposal for creation of a New Body, the Committee on Establishment Expenditure examines, inter alia, the recurring expenditure \u2014 including establishment, running and O&M expenditure \u2014 for a period of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Ten years\",\r\n      \"Five years\",\r\n      \"Three years\",\r\n      \"Fifteen years\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 DoE O.M. dated 15.09.2016, scope of CEE examination.<\/b><br>The CEE examines, inter alia: the need for the new body (whether objectives can be met by restructuring an existing body); the number and levels of posts; the <b>recurring expenditure for ten years<\/b>, including establishment, running and O&amp;M expenditure; and the extent to which recurring expenditure can be borne from internal resources to minimise the budgetary burden.<br><br>The distractors are plausible periods; the period examined is ten years.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 81,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the appraisal of establishment proposals:\\n1. Creation of new posts in Ministries\/Departments and Attached or Subordinate offices will continue to be processed on file and not placed before the Committee on Establishment Expenditure.\\n2. No pre-investment activity related to creation of a New Body or Institution will be approved without the in-principle approval of the Department of Expenditure, unless there is a specific budget announcement to that effect.\\n3. Where creation of a new body is incidental to a major project, a combined appraisal (such as a combined PIB\/CEE) may be held.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 DoE O.M. dated 15.09.2016.<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2713 \u2014 creation of new posts in Ministries\/Departments, Attached or Subordinate offices continues to be processed <b>on file<\/b> and is not placed before the CEE.<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 pre-investment activity for a New Body needs the <b>in-principle approval of the Department of Expenditure<\/b>, unless there is a specific budget announcement.<br>Statement 3 \u2713 \u2014 depending on the level of delegation, a <b>combined EFC\/CEE or combined PIB\/CEE<\/b> may be held; after appraisal, creation of the body goes to the Cabinet while the scheme\/project follows the appraisal guidelines.<br><br>All three are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ================= CREATION \/ ABOLITION \/ REVIVAL OF POSTS ================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 82,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"A sanctioned post in a Central Government office has been lying vacant for more than 5 years from the date of falling vacant. No formal abolition order has been issued by the Administrative Ministry. The status of this post is that it:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Remains live until the Department of Expenditure issues an abolition order\",\r\n      \"Remains live until the Administrative Ministry issues a formal abolition order\",\r\n      \"Stands abolished, whether or not an abolition order is issued by the Administrative Ministry\",\r\n      \"Is automatically converted into a supernumerary post\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Compendium on posts (DoE O.M. dated 05.01.2024), abolition provisions.<\/b><br>A post lying vacant for <b>more than 5 years<\/b> from the date of creation or date of falling vacant <b>stands abolished<\/b>; the posts are deemed to be abolished <b>whether or not an abolition order is issued<\/b> by the Administrative Ministry\/Department.<br><br>(b) and (a) wrongly condition the abolition on a formal order; (d) confuses deemed abolition with supernumerary posts, which are a separate category.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 83,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"In which of the following circumstances may a post that would otherwise stand abolished be revived with the prior approval of the Department of Expenditure?\\n1. The recruitment process was initiated within 4 years of the creation\/arising of the vacancy and is underway, but appointment orders were not issued within the period of 5 years.\\n2. There are specific Court directions requiring the filling of the post.\\n3. Promotion posts under the reservation quota could not be filled due to non-availability of eligible candidates in the feeder grade.\\n4. The posts are essential for the functioning of the organisation and matching savings can be provided by surrendering live posts without compromising the cadre hierarchy.\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Compendium on posts, revival circumstances.<\/b><br>All four are among the specified circumstances for revival: <b>recruitment initiated within 4 years<\/b> but appointments not issued within 5 years; <b>specific Court directions<\/b>; delay due to Court orders on seniority lists; <b>reservation-quota promotion posts<\/b> without eligible feeder-grade candidates; and posts <b>essential for functioning with matching savings<\/b> from surrender of live posts without compromising the cadre hierarchy or promotional channels.<br><br>Revival is considered only in these circumstances, with the prior approval of the Department of Expenditure.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 84,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"The authority competent to approve the revival of posts (in the circumstances specified in the instructions), for all levels of posts, is the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Cabinet\",\r\n      \"Administrative Secretary in consultation with the Financial Advisor\",\r\n      \"Appointments Committee of the Cabinet\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Compendium on posts, revival table.<\/b><br>The authority competent to approve <b>revival<\/b> of posts \u2014 for <b>all posts<\/b>, irrespective of level \u2014 is the <b>Department of Expenditure<\/b>. Proposals are routed through the IFD with the approval of the Secretary of the Administrative Ministry, with a detailed chronology and functional justification, as per the prescribed checklist.<br><br>(b), (c) and (d) are competent authorities for other operations (creation at SAG+, continuation up to Level-12, temporary up-gradation at SAG+ respectively) \u2014 not for revival.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 85,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding supernumerary posts:\\n1. The competent authority and procedure for creation of supernumerary posts are the same as for regular posts.\\n2. A supernumerary post is personal to the officer for whom it is created and is for a limited period to be specified in the order itself.\\n3. It stands abolished as soon as the officer for whom it is created vacates it, on account of retirement, promotion, accommodation against a regular post or any other reason.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Compendium on posts, supernumerary provisions.<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2713 \u2014 the competent authority and procedure are the <b>same as for regular posts<\/b>.<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 the post is <b>personal<\/b> to the officer and for a <b>limited period specified in the order<\/b>.<br>Statement 3 \u2713 \u2014 it <b>stands abolished<\/b> as soon as the officer vacates it for any reason.<br><br>Administrative Ministries, under intimation to the Financial Advisors, maintain a record of supernumerary posts, the liens held against them and their progressive abolition. All three statements are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 86,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"A post was created by an executive order issued under a provision of a Statute, after the notification of that Statute, for the smooth functioning of the Statutory Body. For the purposes of the instructions on creation and abolition of posts, such a post:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Shall stand abolished immediately on creation\",\r\n      \"Shall be categorised as a Statutory post and remain outside the instructions\",\r\n      \"Shall not be categorised as a Statutory post and shall be subject to the instructions\",\r\n      \"Can be created only by an Act of Parliament\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Compendium on posts, applicability provisions.<\/b><br>A post is Statutory only if it is <b>specifically mentioned under the provisions of an Act of Parliament<\/b>. Posts created by Rules, Notification or Executive orders under a provision of a Statute, <b>subsequent to the notification of the Statute<\/b>, for smooth functioning of the Statutory Body, shall <b>NOT<\/b> be categorised as Statutory posts \u2014 they remain subject to these instructions. Only the posts mentioned in the Statute (not their support staff) are Statutory, and Statutory posts do not fall in the abolition category.<br><br>(b) is the common misconception the provision addresses; (a) and (d) have no basis.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 87,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"The instructions on creation, revival, continuation and abolition of posts issued by the Department of Expenditure are NOT applicable to Central Public Sector Enterprises, which are instead to follow the instructions issued by the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Department of Personnel and Training\",\r\n      \"Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"NITI Aayog\",\r\n      \"Department of Public Enterprises\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Compendium on posts, applicability provisions.<\/b><br>The instructions are not applicable to CPSEs, which may follow the instructions issued by the <b>Department of Public Enterprises<\/b> in this regard.<br><br>(b) is the issuing authority of the compendium itself, whose instructions expressly exclude CPSEs; (c) and (a) have no role in prescribing establishment norms for CPSEs under this provision.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 88,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"In an Autonomous Body under the Central Government, the creation of the post of Chief Executive is to be submitted for approval to the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Cabinet, irrespective of the Pay Level of the post\",\r\n      \"Department of Expenditure, if the post is below Pay Level-14\",\r\n      \"Administrative Secretary in consultation with the Financial Advisor\",\r\n      \"Governing Body of the Autonomous Body\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Compendium for posts in Autonomous Bodies, creation provisions.<\/b><br>Creation of posts at SAG and above levels [Pay Level-14 and above] <b>and Chief Executive posts of Autonomous Bodies irrespective of Pay Level<\/b> shall be submitted to the <b>Cabinet<\/b>.<br><br>(b) would be true for ordinary posts below SAG level, but the Chief Executive post goes to the Cabinet regardless of its pay level \u2014 that carve-out is the point being tested. (c) and (d) are not competent for creation of such posts.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 89,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"Match the operation on a temporary post with the authority competent to approve it, and select the correct answer:\\nList-I (Operation: Continuation of temporary posts)\\nA. Posts up to Selection Grade [Pay Level-12]\\nB. Posts above Selection Grade and below Apex Level\\nC. Posts at Apex Level [Pay Level-17]\\nList-II (Approving Authority)\\n1. Department of Expenditure\\n2. Committee of Secretaries comprising Secretary (Expenditure), Secretary (DoP&T) and the Cabinet Secretary\\n3. Secretary of the Administrative Ministry in consultation with the Financial Advisor\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-2\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Compendium on posts, continuation of temporary posts.<\/b><br>A\u20133: Continuation up to Selection Grade [Pay Level-12] \u2014 <b>Secretary of the Administrative Ministry in consultation with the FA<\/b> (subject to the temporary body\/scheme\/project itself being approved for continuation).<br>B\u20131: Above Selection Grade and below Apex Level \u2014 <b>Department of Expenditure<\/b>.<br>C\u20132: Apex Level [Pay Level-17] \u2014 the <b>Committee of Secretaries [Secretary (DoE), Secretary (DoP&amp;T) and Cabinet Secretary]<\/b>, to whom the DoE puts up the proposal.<br><br>The same CoS also approves conversion of Apex-Level temporary posts to permanent.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 90,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"A post sanctioned for a specific purpose is proposed to be diverted for another purpose at a different station, since the function for which it was created has ceased to exist. The authority competent to approve such transfer of the post \u2014 for all levels of posts \u2014 is the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Cabinet\",\r\n      \"Administrative Secretary in consultation with the Financial Advisor\",\r\n      \"Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Appointments Committee of the Cabinet\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Compendium on posts, transfer of posts.<\/b><br>A post sanctioned for a specific purpose shall <b>not be diverted<\/b> for another purpose; where transfer becomes necessary (transfer of functions, or the function ceasing to exist), the proposal \u2014 routed through the IFD with the approval of the Administrative Secretary \u2014 goes to the <b>Department of Expenditure<\/b>, which is the approving authority for transfer of <b>all posts<\/b>.<br><br>(b) only approves and routes the proposal; (a) and (d) are competent for creation\/up-gradation at higher levels, not for transfer.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 91,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding up-gradation of posts:\\n1. Up-gradation of a post is equivalent to creation of a post.\\n2. Permanent up-gradation of a post at SAG and above level [Pay Level-14 and above] is approved by the Cabinet.\\n3. Temporary up-gradation of a post at SAG and above level is approved by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet, as per the Transaction of Business Rules, 1961.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Compendium on posts, up-gradation provisions.<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2713 \u2014 <b>up-gradation of a post is equivalent to creation<\/b>; the procedure for permanent up-gradation is the same as for creation.<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 permanent up-gradation at SAG and above [Pay Level-14+] is approved by the <b>Cabinet<\/b> (below SAG: Department of Expenditure).<br>Statement 3 \u2713 \u2014 temporary up-gradation at SAG and above is approved by the <b>ACC<\/b>, as per the First Schedule of the Transaction of Business Rules, 1961 (below SAG: Department of Expenditure).<br><br>All three are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 92,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding temporary down-gradation of posts:\\n1. Posts may be temporarily down-graded only to the immediate lower-level post in the same hierarchy.\\n2. Temporary down-gradation is to be done only in Promotional-quota posts; Direct Recruitment quota posts shall not be down-graded.\\n3. Temporary down-gradation shall be confined within the same Group.\\n4. Down-gradation is to be exercised only when candidates in the feeder grade are not eligible for promotion.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Compendium on posts, temporary down-gradation provisions.<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2713 \u2014 down-gradation is to the <b>immediate lower-level post in the same hierarchy<\/b>.<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 only <b>Promotional-quota<\/b> posts; Direct Recruitment quota posts shall <b>not<\/b> be down-graded.<br>Statement 3 \u2713 \u2014 confined <b>within the same Group<\/b>.<br>Statement 4 \u2713 \u2014 a temporary arrangement exercised only when <b>feeder-grade candidates are not eligible for promotion<\/b>; the order must have an in-built clause of simultaneous up-gradation when the incumbent becomes eligible.<br><br>All four are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 93,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"The power to relax any of the provisions of the compendium of instructions on creation, revival, continuation, conversion, up-gradation, down-gradation and abolition of posts lies with the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"President\",\r\n      \"Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Cabinet\",\r\n      \"Department of Personnel and Training\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Compendium on posts, relaxation clause.<\/b><br>The power to relax any of the provisions of these guidelines lies with the <b>Department of Expenditure<\/b>.<br><br>(a) The President's power to relax operates on the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules themselves, not on this compendium \u2014 the two relaxation powers are distinct, and that distinction is the point tested. (c) and (d) are not vested with this power.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 94,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"Under the delegations annexed to the instructions on posts, the transfer of posts (including re-designation) in the Army, Navy, Air Force and Indian Coast Guard up to the level of Major General\/equivalent, in view of operational requirements, is approved by the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Cabinet Committee on Security in every case\",\r\n      \"Finance Minister in every case\",\r\n      \"Raksha Mantri, with the concurrence of Secretary (Defence Finance)\/FA (Defence Services)\",\r\n      \"Chief of Defence Staff\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Appendix-1 delegations (Defence).<\/b><br>Transfer of posts, including re-designation, in the Army\/Navy\/Air Force and Indian Coast Guard <b>up to the level of Major General\/equivalent<\/b> is done with the concurrence of <b>Secretary (Defence Finance)\/FA(DS)<\/b> and the approval of the <b>Raksha Mantri<\/b>, in view of operational requirements.<br><br>(b) The Finance Minister's approval is required only for transfer of posts <b>above<\/b> Major General\/equivalent \u2014 the adjacent slab used as a distractor. (a) and (d) are not the designated authorities here.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ======================= TELEPHONE FACILITIES ============================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 95,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"On official (office) telephones of the Government of India, the ISD facility is allowed, as a matter of course, in respect of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Personal staff of Ministers only\",\r\n      \"All officers of the level of Joint Secretary and above\",\r\n      \"All officers of the level of Deputy Secretary and above\",\r\n      \"Administrative Secretaries only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 DoE O.M. dated 26.03.2018 (telephone facilities).<\/b><br><b>ISD facility is allowed on official telephones in respect of Administrative Secretaries only<\/b>; all other cases of ISD for officers below the level of Secretary are decided by the Administrative Secretary in consultation with the Financial Adviser, and FAs submit a half-yearly report to the DoE on ISD facilities concurred\/approved.<br><br>(c) Deputy Secretary and above is the entitlement for an office telephone with <b>STD<\/b> facility \u2014 the STD\/ISD distinction is the trap; (b) and (a) have no such blanket entitlement.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 96,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"A residential landline telephone can be allowed to officials below the rank of Deputy Secretary equivalent on a functional basis, subject to the condition that this facility shall be restricted to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"25% of the sanctioned strength of Group 'A' officers in the Ministry\/Department\",\r\n      \"10% of the sanctioned strength of Group 'A' officers in the Ministry\/Department\",\r\n      \"50% of the total sanctioned strength of the Ministry\/Department\",\r\n      \"25% of the officers actually in position in the Ministry\/Department\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 DoE O.M. dated 26.03.2018 (residential telephones).<\/b><br>Officers of Deputy Secretary equivalent and above are entitled to one official residential landline with STD; below that rank, the facility may be allowed on a functional basis <b>restricted to 25% of the sanctioned strength of Group 'A' officers<\/b> in the Ministry\/Department \u2014 a limit that applies equally to Attached and Subordinate offices. ISD is not allowed on residential telephones.<br><br>(b), (c) and (d) alter the percentage or the base (sanctioned strength of Group 'A', not total strength or persons-in-position).\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 97,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"Match the level of officer with the monthly ceiling on reimbursement of telephone charges (landline\/mobile\/broadband\/data combined), and select the correct answer:\\nList-I (Level)\\nA. Additional Secretary and equivalent\\nB. Joint Secretary and equivalent\\nC. Director\/Deputy Secretary and equivalent\\nList-II (Ceiling per month + taxes)\\n1. Rs. 2700\\n2. Rs. 2250\\n3. Rs. 3000\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-2\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 DoE O.M. dated 26.03.2018, reimbursement ceilings.<\/b><br>A\u20133: Additional Secretary and equivalent \u2014 <b>Rs. 3000\/- per month + taxes<\/b>.<br>B\u20131: Joint Secretary and equivalent \u2014 <b>Rs. 2700\/- per month + taxes<\/b>.<br>C\u20132: Director\/Deputy Secretary and equivalent \u2014 <b>Rs. 2250\/- per month + taxes<\/b>.<br><br>Below Deputy Secretary the ceiling is Rs. 1200 (restricted to 25% of the sanctioned strength of Group 'A' officers). There is no separate ceiling for landline\/mobile\/broadband\/data \u2014 the single ceiling covers all, limited to actuals whichever is lower, and no SIM\/data-card is provided by the office.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 98,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"Excess expenditure on telephone charges beyond the prescribed monthly ceiling can be reimbursed to officers of Joint Secretary equivalent and above (and to Private Secretaries\/OSDs to Ministers) on submission of a justifying certificate, up to what extent, and with whose concurrence and sanction respectively?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Up to 30% of the ceiling; sanction of the Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Up to 50% of the ceiling; concurrence of the Administrative Secretary and sanction of the Financial Adviser\",\r\n      \"Up to 30% of the ceiling; concurrence of the Financial Adviser and sanction of the Administrative Secretary\",\r\n      \"Up to 20% of the ceiling; concurrence of the Financial Adviser and sanction of the Minister-in-charge\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 DoE O.M. dated 26.03.2018, excess reimbursement.<\/b><br>Excess expenditure <b>up to 30% of the ceiling<\/b> can be reimbursed to officers of Joint Secretary equivalent and above, and to PS\/OSDs to Ministers, on a certificate justifying that the excess was official and unavoidable \u2014 with the <b>concurrence of the Financial Adviser<\/b> and the <b>sanction of the Administrative Secretary<\/b> (Secretaries being competent in their own cases). The power to sanction this expenditure shall <b>not be delegated<\/b>. Reimbursement is not admissible during leave or trainings exceeding one calendar month.<br><br>(b), (a) and (d) alter the percentage or the concurrence\/sanction chain.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ================== FURNISHING OF MINISTERS OFFICES =======================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 99,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"The revised monetary ceilings for furniture & furnishings in a Minister's office in the Secretariat, and in the office portion of the Minister's bungalow, applicable once during the tenure, are respectively:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs. 11.30 lakh; and Rs. 2.60 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs. 3.5 lakh; and Rs. 11.30 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs. 2.60 lakh; and Rs. 1.75 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs. 11.30 lakh; and Rs. 3.5 lakh\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 DoE O.M. dated 03.08.2017 (furnishings in Ministers' offices).<\/b><br>For furniture &amp; furnishings, the ceiling is <b>Rs. 11.30 lakh for the Minister's office in the Secretariat<\/b> and <b>Rs. 3.5 lakh for the Minister's office in his bungalow<\/b> \u2014 each applicable <b>once during the tenure<\/b>. The corresponding ceilings for electrical appliances are Rs. 2.60 lakh (Secretariat) and Rs. 1.75 lakh (bungalow).<br><br>(b) reverses the two; (c) pairs the electrical-appliance figures; (a) mixes a furnishing figure with an electrical figure.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ==================== CONFERENCES \/ SEMINARS ==============================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 100,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"Proposals for holding Conferences\/Workshops\/Seminars (domestic as well as international) need to be referred to the Department of Expenditure only where the expenditure involved is above:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs. 40 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs. 25 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs. 50 lakh\",\r\n      \"Rs. 1 crore\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 DoE O.M. dated 30.05.2018 (conferences\/workshops\/seminars).<\/b><br>Only proposals involving expenditure <b>above Rs. 40 lakh<\/b> \u2014 for international as well as domestic conferences\/seminars\/workshops \u2014 need be referred to the Department of Expenditure; proposals of Rs. 40 lakh or less are decided by the Ministry\/Department in consultation with the Financial Adviser.<br><br>The distractors are plausible round figures; the threshold fixed is Rs. 40 lakh.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 101,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"A Ministry proposes an international conference with foreign delegates involving expenditure above Rs. 40 lakh, and separately a domestic seminar (Indian delegates only) also involving expenditure above Rs. 40 lakh. The approvals required from the Department of Expenditure side are respectively of the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Secretary (Expenditure); and Cabinet Secretary\",\r\n      \"Cabinet Secretary (through Secretary, Expenditure); and Secretary (Expenditure)\",\r\n      \"Finance Minister; and Secretary (Expenditure)\",\r\n      \"Cabinet; and Finance Minister\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 DoE O.M. dated 30.05.2018.<\/b><br>For <b>international<\/b> conferences above Rs. 40 lakh, the proposal is referred to the DoE \u2014 with the approval of the Minister-in-charge, political clearance of the Ministry of External Affairs and security clearance of MHA (where required) \u2014 for obtaining the approval of the <b>Cabinet Secretary through Secretary (Expenditure)<\/b>. For <b>domestic<\/b> conferences above Rs. 40 lakh (Indian delegates only), the reference is for the approval of <b>Secretary (Expenditure)<\/b>, with the prior approval of the Secretary of the Ministry.<br><br>(a) reverses the two levels; (c) and (d) name authorities not prescribed.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ======================= FOREIGN VISITS (SCoS) ============================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 102,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"Under the guidelines for foreign visits of Government of India officers, any delegation for foreign travel must be placed before the Screening Committee of Secretaries (SCoS) for approval if the visit exceeds:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"5 working days only, irrespective of the number of members\",\r\n      \"7 working days, or the delegation exceeds 7 members\",\r\n      \"5 working days, or the delegation exceeds 5 members\",\r\n      \"3 working days, or the delegation exceeds 3 members\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 DoE O.M. dated 05.01.2016 (foreign visits).<\/b><br>Foreign visits shall not exceed <b>05 working days<\/b>; any delegation for foreign travel \u2014 irrespective of the level of officers \u2014 <b>exceeding 05 working days or 05 members<\/b> shall be placed before the SCoS for approval.<br><br>(a) drops the members limb; (b) and (d) alter the numbers. Ministries also upload visit data on the Foreign Visit Management System and prepare a Quarterly Rolling Plan of proposed visits for the next 3 months.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 103,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"No officer shall undertake more than 4 official visits abroad in a year. For visits exceeding 4 in a year by an officer of the level of Secretary\/equivalent, the proposal shall be submitted for the approval of the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Finance Minister\",\r\n      \"Screening Committee of Secretaries only\",\r\n      \"Cabinet Secretary\",\r\n      \"Prime Minister, through the Screening Committee of Secretaries\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 DoE O.M. dated 05.01.2016 (foreign visits).<\/b><br>No officer shall undertake more than <b>04 official visits abroad in a year<\/b>. For visits exceeding 04 by a <b>Secretary\/equivalent<\/b>, the proposal is submitted for the approval of the <b>Prime Minister through the SCoS<\/b>; for officers <b>below Secretary level<\/b>, the proposal exceeding 04 visits goes to the SCoS for approval.<br><br>(b) is the route for below-Secretary officers \u2014 the adjacent provision used as a distractor; (c) and (a) are not the approving authorities here.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 104,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding foreign visits of senior functionaries:\\n1. Secretaries to the Government shall not undertake any foreign visit during the Parliament Session unless it is absolutely unavoidable.\\n2. The Minister and the Secretary shall not, normally, be away from the headquarters at the same time.\\n3. In an outgoing Indian delegation, there need not be any Ministry of External Affairs official from India; the services of the Indian Mission in the destination country could be utilized instead.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 DoE O.M. dated 05.01.2016 (foreign visits).<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2713 \u2014 Secretaries shall not undertake foreign visits <b>during the Parliament Session<\/b> unless absolutely unavoidable.<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 the <b>Minister and the Secretary shall not normally be away from headquarters at the same time<\/b>.<br>Statement 3 \u2713 \u2014 an outgoing delegation need not include an MEA official from India; the <b>Indian Mission in the destination country<\/b> is to be utilized, and mobilization of personnel from other Missions requires the prior approval of the Cabinet Secretary.<br><br>All three are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ =================== NEWSPAPER REIMBURSEMENT ==============================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 105,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"Match the level of officer with the monthly reimbursement admissible for newspapers purchased\/supplied at residence (on certification, without production of bills), and select the correct answer:\\nList-I (Level)\\nA. Secretary\/Secretary equivalent\\nB. Additional Secretary and equivalent\\nC. Joint Secretary and equivalent\\nD. Director\/Deputy Secretary\/Under Secretary\/Section Officer or equivalent\\nList-II (Per month)\\n1. Rs. 850\\n2. As per actuals\\n3. Rs. 500\\n4. Rs. 1100\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3\",\r\n      \"A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 DoE O.M. on newspaper reimbursement.<\/b><br>A\u20132: Secretary\/equivalent \u2014 <b>as per actuals<\/b>.<br>B\u20134: Additional Secretary\/equivalent \u2014 <b>Rs. 1100<\/b> per month.<br>C\u20131: Joint Secretary\/equivalent \u2014 <b>Rs. 850<\/b> per month.<br>D\u20133: Director\/Deputy Secretary\/Under Secretary\/Section Officer or equivalent \u2014 <b>Rs. 500<\/b> per month.<br><br>Reimbursement is made on the officer's certification (as per the prescribed Annexure) furnished on a <b>half-yearly<\/b> basis, in place of the earlier practice of monthly bills. The distractors swap adjacent slabs.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ================ HOSPITALITY AND REFRESHMENTS ============================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 106,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"The revised per-head ceilings for serving refreshments during meetings\/seminars\/conferences \u2014 for (i) Tea + Snacks, (ii) High Tea and (iii) Lunch\/Dinner \u2014 are respectively:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs. 200, Rs. 750 and Rs. 500\",\r\n      \"Rs. 150, Rs. 500 and Rs. 750\",\r\n      \"Rs. 200, Rs. 500 and Rs. 750\",\r\n      \"Rs. 100, Rs. 250 and Rs. 500\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 DoE O.M. dated 06.05.2015 (economy in expenditure \u2014 refreshments).<\/b><br>The earlier uniform ceiling of Rs. 150 per head was revised to: <b>Tea + Snacks \u2014 Rs. 200<\/b>; <b>High Tea \u2014 Rs. 500<\/b>; <b>Lunch\/Dinner \u2014 Rs. 750<\/b> per head. The Administrative Secretary, in consultation with the Financial Advisor, exercises utmost discretion keeping economy and propriety in view.<br><br>(b) retains the superseded Rs. 150 figure for tea+snacks; (a) swaps High Tea and Lunch\/Dinner; (d) uses figures not prescribed.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 107,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"A ban has been imposed on holding meetings and conferences at Five Star Hotels. The exception to this ban is available for:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Meetings where expenditure is below Rs. 40 lakh\",\r\n      \"All international conferences irrespective of the level at which they are held\",\r\n      \"Any meeting approved by the Financial Adviser\",\r\n      \"Bilateral\/multilateral official engagements held at the level of Minister-in-Charge or Administrative Secretary with Foreign Governments or International Bodies of which India is a Member\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 DoE O.M. dated 06.05.2015 (five-star hotels), read with the O.M. dated 29.10.2014.<\/b><br>The ban on Five Star Hotel meetings admits an exception only for <b>bilateral\/multilateral official engagements held at the level of Minister-in-Charge or Administrative Secretary with Foreign Governments or International Bodies of which India is a Member<\/b>.<br><br>(b) over-extends the exception to all international events; (c) and (a) invent approval routes\/thresholds that do not lift the ban.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 108,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"For hospitality extended during permissible official engagements at Five Star Hotels, the banquet rates fixed (as per MEA rates) for a Buffet Lunch, a Sit-down Dinner and a Cocktail are respectively:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs. 950, Rs. 1050 and Rs. 575\",\r\n      \"Rs. 1050, Rs. 950 and Rs. 575\",\r\n      \"Rs. 950, Rs. 950 and Rs. 750\",\r\n      \"Rs. 750, Rs. 1050 and Rs. 500\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 DoE O.M. dated 06.05.2015 (banquet rates).<\/b><br>The MEA banquet rates extended are: <b>Buffet Lunch \u2014 Rs. 950; Buffet Dinner \u2014 Rs. 950; Sit-down Lunch \u2014 Rs. 950; Sit-down Dinner \u2014 Rs. 1050; Cocktail \u2014 Rs. 575<\/b>. Hence Buffet Lunch Rs. 950, Sit-down Dinner Rs. 1050 and Cocktail Rs. 575.<br><br>(b) swaps the buffet-lunch and sit-down-dinner figures; (c) and (d) alter the cocktail or lunch figures. Only the sit-down <b>dinner<\/b> carries the higher Rs. 1050 rate.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ============= SCRAPPING OF GOVERNMENT VEHICLES (MoRTH) ===================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 109,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"For scrapping Government vehicles older than 15 years, the e-auction of such vehicles is to be conducted through the portals of:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Central Public Procurement Portal only\",\r\n      \"Metal Scrap Trade Corporation Limited (MSTC) and the Government e-Marketplace (GeM)\",\r\n      \"The Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals\",\r\n      \"The State Transport Authorities concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 MoRTH O.M. dated 08.07.2024 (scrapping of Government vehicles).<\/b><br>E-auction of Government-owned vehicles older than 15 years is to be conducted through the e-auction platform of <b>Metal Scrap Trade Corporation Limited (MSTC)<\/b> \u2014 a Mini Ratna Category-I company under the Ministry of Steel \u2014 and the <b>Forward Auction portal of the Government e-Marketplace (GeM)<\/b>. Ministries share vehicle details, conduct valuation, and fix the reserve price and tolerance percentage.<br><br>(a), (c) and (d) are not the designated auction platforms under the mechanism.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 110,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"In the e-auction of condemned Government vehicles, the entities allowed to participate as bidders are only:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Central Public Sector Enterprises only\",\r\n      \"Any scrap dealer registered under the GST law\",\r\n      \"Registered Vehicle Scrapping Facilities (RVSFs) commissioned as per the provisions notified by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways\",\r\n      \"Authorised dealers of the vehicle manufacturers\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 MoRTH O.M. dated 08.07.2024.<\/b><br>Only <b>Registered Vehicle Scrapping Facilities (RVSFs)<\/b>, commissioned as per the provisions notified by MoRTH (GSR 653(E) of 23rd September 2021 and its amendments), are allowed to participate in the auction \u2014 supporting existing RVSFs with a base volume of end-of-life vehicles and encouraging private investment in new RVSFs.<br><br>(b), (a) and (d) are not eligible categories; participation is confined to commissioned RVSFs.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 153,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"A Ministry claims that a specific exemption granted to it in the past on creation, revival, continuation, conversion, transfer, up-gradation and down-gradation of posts continues to be available to it. Under the consolidated instructions on posts, the correct position is that such specific exemptions:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Continue in force until expressly rescinded by the Cabinet\",\r\n      \"Stand withdrawn, except for the delegations contained in the appended list of delegations\",\r\n      \"Continue in force for Group 'B' and 'C' posts only\",\r\n      \"Stand withdrawn only in respect of Autonomous Bodies\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Compendium on posts (DoE O.M. dated 05.01.2024), applicability provisions.<\/b><br>Any specific exemption allowed to any Ministry or Department on creation, revival, continuation, conversion, transfer, up-gradation and down-gradation of posts <b>is withdrawn, except for the delegations contained in Appendix-1<\/b> (such as those for the C&amp;AG, Railways, Defence, External Affairs and Atomic Energy). The instructions apply to posts in Central Government Ministries\/Departments, Attached and Subordinate Offices and Central Government posts in Statutory Bodies.<br><br>(a) reverses the position \u2014 the withdrawal is by the instructions themselves, not contingent on Cabinet rescission; (c) and (d) invent partial carve-outs that do not exist.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 154,\r\n    chapter: 'Other Related Orders',\r\n    question: \"An Autonomous Body proposes to hold an international conference financed entirely from its own sponsorship and registration revenues, with no funds required from the Government. The approval for holding this conference can be granted by the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Department of Expenditure alone\",\r\n      \"Cabinet Secretary through Secretary (Expenditure)\",\r\n      \"Administrative Ministry concerned\",\r\n      \"NITI Aayog\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 DoE O.M. dated 30.05.2018, provisions for Autonomous Bodies.<\/b><br>Conferences held by Autonomous Bodies generally generate revenue from sponsorships and registrations; <b>Administrative Ministries are competent to grant approval for holding the conferences \u2014 whether domestic or international \u2014 where no funds are required from the Government<\/b>.<br><br>However, where Government financial assistance of <b>more than Rs. 40 lakh<\/b> is required (international as well as domestic), the proposal is referred to the Department of Expenditure. (a), (b) and (d) are not the competent authorities where no Government funds are involved.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==================== ANNEXURE-I: LIST OF OBJECT HEADS ====================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 111,\r\n    chapter: 'Annexure-I: List of Object Heads',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following items of expenditure are booked under the Object Head 'Salaries'?\\n1. Pay of Government employees as defined under FR 9(21)\\n2. Honorarium to a Government servant and stipend to interns\\n3. Salary payable to the staff of Departmental canteens\\n4. Leave encashment on Leave Travel Concession\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Annexure-I, Object Head 'Salaries'.<\/b><br>'Salaries' includes the <b>pay of Government employees as defined under FR 9(21)<\/b>, <b>honorarium<\/b> to a Government servant and <b>stipend to interns<\/b>; it also includes emoluments and allowances of Heads of States and other high dignitaries (including Sumptuary Allowance), <b>salary of Departmental canteen staff<\/b> and <b>leave encashment on LTC<\/b>.<br><br>All four items are included, so the answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4. (Leave encashment at <b>retirement\/death<\/b>, by contrast, goes to 'Pensionary Charges' \u2014 the adjacent head.)\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 112,\r\n    chapter: 'Annexure-I: List of Object Heads',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is NOT booked under the Object Head 'Pensionary Charges'?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Social security expenditure such as old age pension\",\r\n      \"Government's contribution payable under the National Pension System for Government employees\",\r\n      \"Payment of leave encashment at the time of retirement or death\",\r\n      \"Contributions to service funds and contributory provident funds\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct (it is the exclusion) \u2014 Annexure-I, Object Head 'Pensionary Charges'.<\/b><br>'Pensionary Charges' covers pensionary benefits \u2014 contributions to service funds and contributory provident funds, leave encashment at retirement\/death\/termination, and the <b>Government's contribution under the National Pension System (NPS)<\/b>. It expressly does <b>NOT include social security expenditure such as old age pension<\/b>.<br><br>(b), (c) and (d) are all included; the social-security exclusion is the tested carve-out.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 113,\r\n    chapter: 'Annexure-I: List of Object Heads',\r\n    question: \"An office purchases items of office equipment and furniture. Such purchases are booked under the Object Head 'Office Expenses' (revenue expenditure) only when the cost does not exceed:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The threshold limit of five lakh rupees or five years of useful life\",\r\n      \"The threshold limit of one lakh rupees or three years of useful life, either of the two as decided by the Government\",\r\n      \"Rupees fifty thousand in each case, without any life criterion\",\r\n      \"No limit \u2014 all office equipment is always booked under Office Expenses\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Annexure-I, Object Head 'Office Expenses'.<\/b><br>'Office Expenses' includes all recurring and non-recurring contingent expenses for maintenance of the office establishment (stationery, postage, telephone\/internet, electricity\/water, security, outsourced staff, hospitality including entertainment of foreign delegates, etc.), and also purchase of office equipment, furniture and fixtures <b>not exceeding the threshold limit of one lakh rupees or three years of useful life<\/b>, either of the two as decided by the Government from time to time.<br><br>Above the threshold, such items go to the relevant capital Object Heads. (a), (c) and (d) misstate the threshold.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 114,\r\n    chapter: 'Annexure-I: List of Object Heads',\r\n    question: \"With reference to expenditure on computer hardware and software, which one of the following statements is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Consumables like toner and cartridge are booked as capital expenditure if their annual cost exceeds one lakh rupees\",\r\n      \"All computer hardware is invariably booked as capital expenditure under ICT equipment\",\r\n      \"Procurement where the cost of the individual item does not exceed the threshold of one lakh rupees or three years of useful life is booked as revenue expenditure under 'Digital Equipment', while consumables like toner and cartridge are classified as revenue expenditure irrespective of the threshold\",\r\n      \"Computer software is never booked as revenue expenditure\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Annexure-I, Object Head 'Digital Equipment' (revenue) read with 'ICT equipment' (capital).<\/b><br>Procurement or development of hardware and software where the cost of the individual item does <b>not exceed one lakh rupees or three years of useful life<\/b> is revenue expenditure under 'Digital Equipment'; the <b>threshold does not apply to consumables like toner and cartridge<\/b>, which are classified as revenue expenditure in any case. Items exceeding the threshold are capital expenditure under 'Information, Computer, Telecommunications (ICT) equipment'.<br><br>(b), (a) and (d) contradict the threshold-based classification.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 115,\r\n    chapter: 'Annexure-I: List of Object Heads',\r\n    question: \"A Department purchases a motor vehicle for the routine office use of its establishment. The purchase is to be classified as:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Capital expenditure only if the cost exceeds one lakh rupees\",\r\n      \"Revenue expenditure under 'Office Expenses', since the usage is for office purposes\",\r\n      \"Revenue expenditure under 'Other Revenue Expenditure'\",\r\n      \"Capital expenditure under the Object Head 'Motor Vehicles', irrespective of its usage\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Annexure-I, classification of vehicle purchases.<\/b><br>Purchase of a vehicle, <b>irrespective of its usage (office or otherwise)<\/b>, is classified as <b>capital expenditure under the capital Object Head 'Motor Vehicles'<\/b>.<br><br>(b) and (c) wrongly treat it as revenue expenditure; (a) wrongly imports the one-lakh threshold, which governs office equipment\/digital items \u2014 not vehicles.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 116,\r\n    chapter: 'Annexure-I: List of Object Heads',\r\n    question: \"Expenditure on the printing of publicity material is to be classified under the Object Head:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Advertising and Publicity\",\r\n      \"Printing and Publication\",\r\n      \"Office Expenses\",\r\n      \"Materials and Supplies\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Annexure-I, Object Heads 'Printing and Publication' and 'Advertising and Publicity'.<\/b><br>The head 'Printing and Publication' expressly <b>excludes expenditure on printing of publicity material, which shall be classified under 'Advertising and Publicity'<\/b> \u2014 the latter covering advertising and publicity through print\/TV\/outdoor\/internet\/mobile media, fairs and exhibitions, including commission to agents for sale.<br><br>(b) is the near-miss the carve-out is designed to test; (c) and (d) are unrelated heads.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 117,\r\n    chapter: 'Annexure-I: List of Object Heads',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following items of expenditure are booked under the Object Head 'Other Revenue Expenditure'?\\n1. Reimbursement of newspapers purchased or supplied at the officer's residence\\n2. Purchase or reimbursement of briefcase or ladies purse to Government servants\\n3. Any other expenditure which cannot be classified under any of the specified object heads\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Annexure-I, Object Head 'Other Revenue Expenditure'.<\/b><br>This head includes payments out of discretionary grants, other discounts, fees and fines, custom duty compensation, commitment charges, notional value of gifts, <b>reimbursement of newspapers purchased\/supplied at the officer's residence<\/b>, and <b>purchase or reimbursement of briefcase or ladies purse<\/b> to Government servants; it is also the <b>residual head<\/b> for any expenditure not classifiable under the specified object heads and for schemes\/organisations not elsewhere classified.<br><br>All three are included.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 118,\r\n    chapter: 'Annexure-I: List of Object Heads',\r\n    question: \"Expenditure on projects run under the Viability Gap Funding Scheme is booked under the Object Head:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Grants-in-aid \u2014 Salaries\",\r\n      \"Grants-in-aid \u2014 General\",\r\n      \"Grants for creation of Capital Assets\",\r\n      \"Subsidies\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Annexure-I, Object Head 'Grants for creation of Capital Assets'.<\/b><br>This head covers grants-in-aid released for the creation of capital assets and <b>includes Viability Gap Funding (expenditure on projects run under the VGF Scheme)<\/b>.<br><br>(b) 'Grants-in-aid \u2014 General' is for grants other than salaries and capital-asset creation; (a) covers grants released for payment of salaries; (d) 'Subsidies' is a separate head \u2014 each a plausible near-miss within the same Object Class.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 119,\r\n    chapter: 'Annexure-I: List of Object Heads',\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following Object Heads does NOT fall under 'Object Class VII \u2014 Financial Assets'?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Subscription\",\r\n      \"Investment\",\r\n      \"Loans and Advances\",\r\n      \"Infrastructural Assets\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct (it is the odd one out) \u2014 Annexure-I, Capital Expenditure classes.<\/b><br><b>'Infrastructural Assets' falls under Object Class VI \u2014 Non-Financial Assets (Fixed and Intangible Assets)<\/b>, alongside heads such as Machinery and Equipment, Motor Vehicles, ICT equipment and Furniture &amp; Fixtures.<br><br>(b) Investment, (c) Loans and Advances and (a) Subscription \u2014 along with Repayment of borrowings \u2014 fall under <b>Object Class VII \u2014 Financial Assets<\/b>. The class boundary between non-financial and financial assets is the point tested.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 120,\r\n    chapter: 'Annexure-I: List of Object Heads',\r\n    question: \"Match the Object Heads in List-I with the Object Classes in List-II, and select the correct answer:\\nList-I (Object Head)\\nA. Pensionary Charges\\nB. Office Expenses\\nC. Grants-in-aid \u2014 General\\nD. Motor Vehicles\\nList-II (Object Class)\\n1. Goods and Services\\n2. Non-Financial Assets\\n3. Social Security of Employees\\n4. Aid and Assistance\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Annexure-I, Object Class structure.<\/b><br>A\u20133: <b>Pensionary Charges<\/b> \u2014 Object Class II (Social Security of Employees).<br>B\u20131: <b>Office Expenses<\/b> \u2014 Object Class III (Goods and Services).<br>C\u20134: <b>Grants-in-aid \u2014 General<\/b> \u2014 Object Class IV (Aid and Assistance).<br>D\u20132: <b>Motor Vehicles<\/b> \u2014 Object Class VI (Non-Financial Assets), being capital expenditure.<br><br>The distractors swap the Goods-and-Services \/ Aid-and-Assistance assignments or misplace Motor Vehicles.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ========= ANNEXURE-II: GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR INCURRING EXPENDITURE ======\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 121,\r\n    chapter: 'Annexure-II: General Conditions for incurring Expenditure',\r\n    question: \"The financial powers delegated to the Departments of the Government of India are exercised by the issue of formal sanctions in the name of the President, such sanctions being authenticated by officers authorised under:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Article 115 of the Constitution\",\r\n      \"Article 77 of the Constitution\",\r\n      \"Article 239 of the Constitution\",\r\n      \"Article 266 of the Constitution\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Annexure-II, General Condition (1).<\/b><br>The delegated powers are exercised by issue of <b>formal sanctions in the name of the President<\/b>, authenticated by the officers authorised to do so under <b>Article 77<\/b> of the Constitution (authentication of orders of the Government of India).<br><br>(a) Article 115 concerns supplementary grants\/New Service; (c) Article 239 concerns administration of Union territories; (d) Article 266 concerns the Consolidated Fund \u2014 real Articles used elsewhere in the rules, wrongly attributed here.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 122,\r\n    chapter: 'Annexure-II: General Conditions for incurring Expenditure',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding expenditure incurred in an emergent situation by an authority in excess of its powers:\\n1. Such expenditure is to be treated as irregular expenditure.\\n2. It is to be regularised by issue of an ex-post facto sanction with the concurrence of the Financial Adviser and the approval of the Administrative Secretary.\\n3. These regularisation powers cannot be exercised in respect of areas where powers vest with the Cabinet.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Annexure-II, General Condition (3).<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2713 \u2014 expenditure already incurred under an emergent situation in excess of powers is treated as <b>irregular expenditure<\/b>.<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 it is regularised by an <b>ex-post facto sanction with the concurrence of the Financial Adviser and approval of the Administrative Secretary<\/b>.<br>Statement 3 \u2713 \u2014 these powers are <b>not to be exercised where powers vest with the Cabinet<\/b>.<br><br>All three limbs of the condition are correctly stated.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 123,\r\n    chapter: 'Annexure-II: General Conditions for incurring Expenditure',\r\n    question: \"In matters of expenditure, subordinate authorities can exercise financial powers in respect of capital expenditure:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Not at all \u2014 capital expenditure powers vest exclusively in the Department\",\r\n      \"Only up to half of their powers for revenue expenditure\",\r\n      \"Only with the previous consent of the Finance Ministry in every case\",\r\n      \"To the same extent as their powers for revenue expenditure, except where the powers are specifically restricted to revenue expenditure by the Department concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Annexure-II, General Condition (4).<\/b><br>Subordinate authorities can exercise the <b>same financial powers in respect of capital expenditure as they can for revenue expenditure<\/b>, except for items where the powers are <b>specifically restricted to revenue expenditure<\/b> by the Department of the Government of India concerned.<br><br>(b), (c) and (a) impose reductions or bars that the condition does not contain.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 124,\r\n    chapter: 'Annexure-II: General Conditions for incurring Expenditure',\r\n    question: \"An officer is appointed to perform the current duties of a post in addition to his own. With regard to the financial powers vested in the full-fledged incumbent of that post, the officer:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Can exercise those financial powers\",\r\n      \"Cannot exercise those financial powers\",\r\n      \"Can exercise them only up to fifty percent of the monetary limits\",\r\n      \"Can exercise them only with the prior approval of the Finance Ministry in each case\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Annexure-II, General Condition (5).<\/b><br>An officer appointed to perform the <b>current duties of a post in addition to his own CAN exercise the financial powers vested in the full-fledged incumbent<\/b> of the post.<br><br>(b) is the exact reversal \u2014 and the common misconception this condition addresses (it was also tested in a past SO\/Steno paper as a 'not correct' option); (c) and (d) invent limitations the condition does not impose.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 125,\r\n    chapter: 'Annexure-II: General Conditions for incurring Expenditure',\r\n    question: \"Expenditure on legal charges shall ordinarily be incurred only with the previous consent of the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Finance Ministry, in every case without exception\",\r\n      \"Ministry of Law and Justice, except for charges whose rates are notified by that Ministry from time to time\",\r\n      \"Attorney General of India\",\r\n      \"Department of Legal Affairs, only where the amount exceeds Rs. 25 lakh\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Annexure-II, General Condition (7).<\/b><br>Expenditure on legal charges is ordinarily incurred only with the <b>previous consent of the Ministry of Law and Justice<\/b>, <b>except for charges the rates of which are notified by the Ministry of Law and Justice<\/b> from time to time.<br><br>(a) names the wrong consenting Ministry and drops the notified-rates exception; (c) and (d) invent authorities\/thresholds not in the condition.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 126,\r\n    chapter: 'Annexure-II: General Conditions for incurring Expenditure',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding renting of buildings for office accommodation and residential purposes:\\n1. Departments are normally to take accommodation on rent in consultation with the Central Public Works Department \/ Directorate of Estates \/ Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.\\n2. Wherever general pool accommodations are provided by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, renting may not be resorted to by the Departments.\\n3. For renting of accommodation abroad for office and residential purposes, the ceilings of rent may be decided by the Ministry of External Affairs in consultation with the Financial Adviser of that Ministry.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Annexure-II, General Condition (9).<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2713 \u2014 renting is normally in consultation with <b>CPWD \/ Directorate of Estates \/ MoHUA<\/b>, whose guidelines also govern the reasonableness of rent, area and period of hire.<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 where <b>general pool accommodation<\/b> is provided by MoHUA, renting may not be resorted to.<br>Statement 3 \u2713 \u2014 for accommodation <b>abroad<\/b>, rent ceilings may be decided by the <b>Ministry of External Affairs in consultation with its Financial Adviser<\/b>.<br><br>All three are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 127,\r\n    chapter: 'Annexure-II: General Conditions for incurring Expenditure',\r\n    question: \"A Department of the Government of India proposes to acquire land from a private party for Government use. Consider the following requirements:\\n1. A separate budget must be approved for this purpose.\\n2. A certificate must be obtained from the Central Public Works Department \/ Directorate of Estates \/ Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs that no Central Government land is available for the purpose.\\n3. The purchase is to be undertaken only in consultation with the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs \/ CPWD or the competent authorities of the concerned State Government, to determine the reasonableness of the price.\\nWhich of the requirements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Annexure-II, General Condition (10).<\/b><br>Requirement 1 \u2713 \u2014 land may be acquired provided a <b>separate budget is approved<\/b> for the purpose (acquisition being otherwise in accordance with the GFR and the relevant rules\/Act).<br>Requirement 2 \u2713 \u2014 purchases are subject to a <b>certificate from CPWD\/Directorate of Estates\/MoHUA that no Central Government land is available<\/b>.<br>Requirement 3 \u2713 \u2014 all purchases from private parties are undertaken only in <b>consultation with MoHUA\/CPWD or the competent State authorities to determine the reasonableness of the price<\/b>.<br><br>All three are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 128,\r\n    chapter: 'Annexure-II: General Conditions for incurring Expenditure',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the general conditions subject to which the delegated financial powers are exercised:\\n1. The powers are subject to the provisions of the General Financial Rules, the Fundamental Rules & Supplementary Rules, and the economy instructions issued by the Finance Ministry, the limit being within the budgetary allocation for the year.\\n2. In sanctioning unusual expenditure, Departments should exercise due care and restrict the growth of expenditure on new lines or new types of items.\\n3. The financial limits for expenditure on conveyance hire are to be in accordance with the extant instructions issued by the Finance Ministry.\\n4. A complete review of re-delegations of powers to subordinate organisations may be undertaken at least once in three years.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Annexure-II, General Conditions (2), (6), (8) and (11).<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2713 \u2014 the powers are exercised subject to the rules\/orders\/restrictions of the Finance Ministry and nodal Ministries, with financial limits in accordance with the <b>GFR, FR &amp; SR, economy instructions, Fiscal Codes<\/b>, and within the <b>budgetary allocation<\/b> for the year.<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 <b>due care<\/b> in unusual expenditure, restricting growth on new lines or new types of items.<br>Statement 3 \u2713 \u2014 conveyance hire per the <b>extant Finance Ministry instructions<\/b>.<br>Statement 4 \u2713 \u2014 a complete review of re-delegations <b>at least once in three years<\/b>, Departments being expected both to use the delegations fully and to re-delegate to match subordinate requirements.<br><br>All four are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ============== SUPPLEMENT: MISSED RULE-LEVEL POINTS ======================\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 129,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 13: Powers of Subordinate Authorities to write off loss',\r\n    question: \"The monetary limit up to which an Administrator of a Union territory may write off, in each case, irrecoverable losses of stores due to theft, fraud or negligence is:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Rs. 5,00,000\",\r\n      \"Rs. 2,00,000\",\r\n      \"Rs. 50,00,000\",\r\n      \"Rs. 5,000\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Rule 13, Government of India's decision (1), write-off table.<\/b><br>For irrecoverable losses of stores due to theft, fraud or negligence, the limit for <b>Administrators of Union territories is Rs. 2,00,000<\/b> in each case \u2014 against <b>Rs. 5,00,000<\/b> for a Department of the Government of India.<br><br>(a) is the Departments' limit for the same category (and the Administrators' limit under certain other rows of the table); (c) is the Departments' limit for non-culpable losses of stores\/public money; (d) is the re-delegation ceiling to Heads of Departments for loss of revenue. Each distractor is a real figure from the same table.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 130,\r\n    chapter: 'Rule 10: Appropriation and Re-Appropriation',\r\n    question: \"Which of the following are among the delegated powers of the Chief Accounting Authorities of Administrative Ministries\/Departments in the matter of re-appropriation?\\n1. To re-appropriate funds from the Object Head 'Salaries' to the Object Head 'Salaries' across the schemes.\\n2. To augment provisions already approved by Parliament through the Supplementary Demands for Grants.\\n3. To re-appropriate funds from the lump-sum provision for northeast areas to concerned schemes, limited to schemes or programmes in the northeast areas alone.\\n4. To exercise the re-appropriation powers in consultation with the respective Financial Advisors.\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Rule 10(9), items (ii), (iii), (iv) and (vii).<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2713 \u2014 re-appropriation from <b>'Salaries' to 'Salaries' across schemes<\/b> is a delegated power.<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 so is augmenting provisions <b>already approved by Parliament through Supplementary Demands for Grants<\/b>.<br>Statement 3 \u2713 \u2014 so is re-appropriation from the <b>lump-sum northeast provision to concerned schemes<\/b>, but only for schemes\/programmes in the northeast areas.<br>Statement 4 \u2713 \u2014 the powers are exercised <b>in consultation with the respective Financial Advisors<\/b>, who ensure strict adherence to the rules. The remaining delegated items \u2014 augmenting the six specified heads, the 20% works excess, and augmentation to limits permitted by the Ministry of Finance \u2014 were covered separately.<br><br>All four are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n\/\/ ========= APPENDIX-II: RECOVERY OF WRONGFUL \/ EXCESS PAYMENTS ============\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 131,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-II: Recovery of Wrongful or Excess Payments',\r\n    question: \"In terms of the law declared by the Supreme Court in State of Punjab vs Rafiq Masih (White Washer), in which of the following situations would recovery of monetary benefits wrongly paid to an employee be impermissible in law?\\n1. Recovery from employees belonging to Group 'C' and Group 'D' service.\\n2. Recovery from retired employees, or employees due to retire within one year of the order of recovery.\\n3. Recovery where the excess payment has been made for a period in excess of five years before the order of recovery is issued.\\n4. Recovery where an employee was wrongfully required to discharge duties of a higher post and paid accordingly, though he should rightfully have worked against an inferior post.\\nSelect the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2, 3 and 4 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2, 3 and 4\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Appendix-II (DoPT O.M. dated 02.03.2016, based on the Supreme Court judgment dated 18.12.2014 in Rafiq Masih).<\/b><br>The Supreme Court summarized the situations in which recoveries by the employer would be <b>impermissible in law<\/b>: (i) employees of <b>Class-III and Class-IV (Group 'C' and 'D') service<\/b>; (ii) <b>retired employees or those due to retire within one year<\/b> of the recovery order; (iii) excess payment made for a period <b>in excess of five years<\/b> before the recovery order; (iv) an employee <b>wrongfully required to discharge duties of a higher post<\/b> though rightfully assignable to an inferior post; and (v) any other case where recovery would be iniquitous, harsh or arbitrary, far outweighing the employer's equitable right to recover.<br><br>All four listed situations are covered, so the answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 132,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-II: Recovery of Wrongful or Excess Payments',\r\n    question: \"Where waiver of recovery of a wrongful\/excess payment is considered in the situations recognised by the Supreme Court in the Rafiq Masih case, such waiver may be allowed only with the express approval of the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Department of Personnel and Training\",\r\n      \"Comptroller and Auditor General\",\r\n      \"Administrative Secretary of the Ministry concerned\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Appendix-II (DoPT O.M. dated 02.03.2016, para 5).<\/b><br>Ministries\/Departments are to deal with wrongful\/excess payments in accordance with the Supreme Court's decision; however, wherever <b>waiver of recovery<\/b> in those situations is considered, it may be allowed <b>with the express approval of the Department of Expenditure<\/b> (in terms of the earlier O.M. dated 06.02.2014).<br><br>(b) issued the O.M. but is not the approving authority for waiver; (c) concurs only for IA&amp;AD personnel; (d) has no such power here.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 133,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-II: Recovery of Wrongful or Excess Payments',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the protection against recovery of excess payments flowing from the Rafiq Masih judgment:\\n1. The protection applies even where the excess payment resulted from incorrect information, misrepresentation or fraud furnished by the employee.\\n2. In so far as persons serving in the Indian Audit and Accounts Department are concerned, the orders are issued with the concurrence of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India.\\nWhich of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 only\",\r\n      \"2 only\",\r\n      \"Both 1 and 2\",\r\n      \"Neither 1 nor 2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Appendix-II (DoPT O.M. dated 02.03.2016).<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2717 \u2014 the judgment covered cases where monetary benefits were paid in excess due to <b>unintentional mistakes of the competent authorities<\/b>, and the employees were <b>not guilty of furnishing any incorrect information \/ misrepresentation \/ fraud<\/b>; the employees were 'as innocent as their employers'. Where the employee's own misrepresentation or fraud led to the payment, the protection does not apply \u2014 the added condition reverses the essential ingredient.<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 for persons serving in the <b>IA&amp;AD<\/b>, the orders are issued with the <b>concurrence of the C&amp;AG<\/b>.<br><br>Hence only statement 2 is correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ===== APPENDIX-III: APPRAISAL & APPROVAL OF SCHEMES AND PROJECTS =========\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 134,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-III: Appraisal and Approval of Schemes and Projects',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding Central Sector Schemes and Centrally Sponsored Schemes:\\n1. Central Sector Schemes are implemented by the Central Ministries\/Departments through their designated implementation agencies, and funds are routed through the functional heads relevant for the sector.\\n2. Centrally Sponsored Schemes are implemented within the domain of the National Development Agenda identified by the Committee of Chief Ministers constituted by NITI Aayog.\\n3. The Central Components of Centrally Sponsored Schemes are routed through the intergovernmental transfer heads 3601\/3602.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Appendix-III (DoE O.M. dated 05.08.2016), para 2.<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2713 \u2014 Central Sector Schemes are implemented by Central Ministries\/Departments through designated agencies, funds flowing through the <b>functional heads<\/b> of the sector.<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 Centrally Sponsored Schemes fall within the <b>National Development Agenda identified by the Committee of Chief Ministers constituted by NITI Aayog<\/b>, and can have both Central and State Components.<br>Statement 3 \u2717 \u2014 it is the <b>State Components<\/b> of CSS that are routed through the intergovernmental transfer heads <b>3601\/3602<\/b>; the Central Components are fully funded by the Central Government and implemented through functional heads like Central Sector Schemes. The component-swap makes statement 3 false.<br><br>Hence 1 and 2 only.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 135,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-III: Appraisal and Approval of Schemes and Projects',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the initiation and rationalization of schemes:\\n1. No new Scheme or Sub-Scheme is to be initiated without the prior 'in-principle' approval of the Department of Expenditure.\\n2. The requirement of prior 'in-principle' approval does not apply to announcements made in the Budget Speech for any given year.\\n3. The restriction of 'in-principle' approval does not apply where Ministries merge, restructure or drop existing schemes and sub-schemes that have become redundant or ineffective.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Appendix-III, para 3 (Rationalization).<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2713 \u2014 no new Scheme\/Sub-Scheme without the prior <b>'in-principle' approval of the Department of Expenditure<\/b>.<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 this does <b>not apply to Budget Speech announcements<\/b> for the year.<br>Statement 3 \u2713 \u2014 the restriction also does not apply to <b>merger, restructuring or dropping<\/b> of redundant\/ineffective schemes, which Ministries should continuously endeavour to do; the Department of Expenditure also reserves the right to merge, restructure or drop any scheme in consultation with the Administrative Department.<br><br>All three are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 136,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-III: Appraisal and Approval of Schemes and Projects',\r\n    question: \"The 'in-principle' approval for initiating a Project \u2014 granted after examining the project's feasibility and the availability of financial resources \u2014 is given by the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Financial Adviser concerned\",\r\n      \"Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Secretary of the Administrative Department\",\r\n      \"NITI Aayog\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Appendix-III, para 5 (Formulation).<\/b><br>Project preparation commences with a <b>Feasibility Report<\/b> establishing that the project is techno-economically sound and resources are available; the <b>in-principle approval for initiating a project is granted by the Financial Adviser concerned<\/b> after examining feasibility and availability of financial resources.<br><br>(b) grants the in-principle approval for initiating a new <b>Scheme\/Sub-Scheme<\/b> \u2014 the adjacent provision used as a distractor; (c) approves pre-investment activities up to Rs. 100 crore; (d) has no such role here.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 137,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-III: Appraisal and Approval of Schemes and Projects',\r\n    question: \"Depending on the level of delegation, Projects are appraised by the:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Expenditure Finance Committee or the Standing Finance Committee\",\r\n      \"Public Investment Board or the Delegated Investment Board\",\r\n      \"Committee on Establishment Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Revised Cost Committee\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Appendix-III, para 6 (Appraisal).<\/b><br>Depending on the level of delegation, <b>Schemes<\/b> are appraised by the <b>Expenditure Finance Committee (EFC) or the Standing Finance Committee (SFC)<\/b>, while <b>Projects<\/b> are appraised by the <b>Public Investment Board (PIB) or the Delegated Investment Board (DIB)<\/b>.<br><br>(a) lists the scheme-appraisal forums \u2014 the scheme\/project forum swap is the trap; (c) appraises creation of New Bodies; (d) examines cost increases beyond 20%.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 138,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-III: Appraisal and Approval of Schemes and Projects',\r\n    question: \"For determining the appraisal and approval forum of a Scheme or Project, the prescribed financial limits are reckoned with reference to:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Central share only, excluding external aid and state share\",\r\n      \"The budgetary support of the Central Government alone\",\r\n      \"The total size of the Scheme\/Project posed for appraisal, including budgetary support, extra-budgetary resources, external aid, debt\/equity\/loans and state share\",\r\n      \"The first year's budget provision for the Scheme\/Project\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Appendix-III, Note below the Original Cost Estimates table.<\/b><br>The financial limits are with reference to the <b>total size<\/b> of the Scheme\/Project being posed for appraisal, and include <b>budgetary support, extra-budgetary resources, external aid, debt\/equity\/loans, state share<\/b>, etc.<br><br>(b), (a) and (d) truncate the base to only one component or one year, which would understate the size and route the proposal to a lower forum \u2014 precisely what the note prevents.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 139,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-III: Appraisal and Approval of Schemes and Projects',\r\n    question: \"For the appraisal and approval of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Only the NITI Aayog is competent\",\r\n      \"The same appraisal slabs as for other projects apply without exception\",\r\n      \"The approval of the Committee on Establishment Expenditure is required\",\r\n      \"Separate orders issued by the Department of Economic Affairs will apply\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Appendix-III, Note (5) below the Original Cost Estimates table.<\/b><br>For appraisal and approval of <b>PPP projects, separate orders issued by the Department of Economic Affairs<\/b> apply \u2014 they are carved out of the general OCE appraisal framework.<br><br>(b) ignores this carve-out; (c) and (a) name bodies with no such role for PPP projects.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 140,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-III: Appraisal and Approval of Schemes and Projects',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the exercise of delegated powers of appraisal and approval, and pre-investment activities:\\n1. Delegated powers should be exercised only when the budgetary allocation or the medium-term scheme outlay as approved by the Department of Expenditure is available.\\n2. For pre-investment activities above Rs. 100 crore, the prescribed appraisal and approval procedure should be followed.\\n3. When firmed-up cost estimates are put up for approval, the expenditure on pre-investment activities should be included in the final cost estimates.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Appendix-III, Notes to the OCE table and para 10.<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2713 \u2014 delegated powers are exercised only when the <b>budgetary allocation or DoE-approved medium-term outlay<\/b> is available, with rigorous examination of design\/delivery and attention to recurring liabilities.<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 pre-investment activities <b>above Rs. 100 crore<\/b> follow the prescribed appraisal and approval procedure (up to Rs. 100 crore: Secretary with FA concurrence).<br>Statement 3 \u2713 \u2014 pre-investment expenditure is <b>included in the final cost estimates<\/b> when firmed-up estimates are put up, so the competent authority sees the full resource picture.<br><br>All three are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 141,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-III: Appraisal and Approval of Schemes and Projects',\r\n    question: \"Every scheme is to have a sunset date and an outcome review. After the Twelfth Five Year Plan, the medium-term framework for schemes and their sunset dates have been made coterminous with:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Five Year Plan periods\",\r\n      \"The Finance Commission Cycles\",\r\n      \"The term of the Lok Sabha\",\r\n      \"The tenure of the NITI Aayog Governing Council\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Appendix-III, para 11 (Medium Term Outlay).<\/b><br>After the Twelfth Five Year Plan, the medium-term framework for schemes and their <b>sunset dates become coterminous with the Finance Commission Cycles<\/b> \u2014 the first being the remaining Fourteenth Finance Commission period ending March 2020, and the same applying mutatis mutandis to subsequent cycles. This is because fixing medium-term outlays needs clarity over the flow of resources to both Central and State Governments over the Finance Commission periods.<br><br>(a) is the superseded arrangement (revisit at the end of each Plan); (c) and (d) have no basis.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 142,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-III: Appraisal and Approval of Schemes and Projects',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding outcomes and evaluation of schemes:\\n1. An output-outcome framework is to be prepared for each Central Sector and Centrally Sponsored Scheme with the approval of the CEO, NITI Aayog.\\n2. NITI Aayog, while approving the output-outcome framework, will kick-start a third-party evaluation process for Central Sector and Centrally Sponsored Schemes.\\n3. Extension of Schemes from one Finance Commission Cycle to another is contingent on the result of such an evaluation exercise.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Appendix-III, para 12 (Outcomes and Evaluation).<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2713 \u2014 an <b>output-outcome framework<\/b> for each CS and CSS is prepared with the approval of the <b>CEO, NITI Aayog<\/b>; measurable outcomes are defined over the medium term while physical and financial outputs are targeted year-to-year.<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 NITI Aayog kick-starts a <b>third-party evaluation<\/b> process for both categories of schemes.<br>Statement 3 \u2713 \u2014 <b>extension from one Finance Commission Cycle to another is contingent on the result of the evaluation<\/b>.<br><br>All three are correct.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 143,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-III: Appraisal and Approval of Schemes and Projects',\r\n    question: \"In the composition of the Expenditure Finance Committee (EFC), match the functionaries with their roles, and select the correct answer:\\nList-I (Functionary)\\nA. Expenditure Secretary\\nB. Joint Secretary, Department of Expenditure\\nC. Secretary of the Administrative Ministry\/Department\\nList-II (Role)\\n1. Member\\n2. Chairperson\\n3. Member-Secretary\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A-3, B-2, C-1\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-3\",\r\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-2\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-3, C-1\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Annexure-II to Appendix-III (Institutional Arrangement for Appraisal).<\/b><br>A\u20132: The <b>Expenditure Secretary is the Chairperson<\/b> of the EFC.<br>B\u20133: The <b>Joint Secretary, Department of Expenditure is the Member-Secretary<\/b>.<br>C\u20131: The <b>Secretary of the Administrative Ministry\/Department is a Member<\/b> \u2014 along with the Financial Advisor of the Administrative Ministry, Adviser (PAMD) NITI Aayog, representatives of concerned Ministries\/Agencies and a representative of the Budget Division.<br><br>(b) wrongly makes the Administrative Secretary the Member-Secretary. The PIB has the same structure as the EFC.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 144,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-III: Appraisal and Approval of Schemes and Projects',\r\n    question: \"With reference to the appraisal forums for Schemes and Projects, which one of the following pairs of forum and its Member-Secretary is correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Standing Finance Committee \u2014 Financial Advisor of the Administrative Ministry\/Department\",\r\n      \"Expenditure Finance Committee \u2014 Financial Advisor of the Administrative Ministry\/Department\",\r\n      \"Delegated Investment Board \u2014 Joint Secretary, Department of Expenditure\",\r\n      \"Public Investment Board \u2014 Secretary of the Administrative Ministry\/Department\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Annexure-II to Appendix-III.<\/b><br>In the <b>SFC and the DIB<\/b> (both chaired by the Secretary of the Administrative Ministry), the <b>Member-Secretary is the Financial Advisor of the Administrative Ministry\/Department<\/b>.<br><br>(b) and (c) swap the two patterns \u2014 in the <b>EFC and the PIB<\/b> (both chaired by the Expenditure Secretary), the Member-Secretary is the <b>Joint Secretary, Department of Expenditure<\/b>. (d) the Administrative Secretary is a Member of the PIB, not its Member-Secretary. The forum-wise Member-Secretary swap is the point tested.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 145,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-III: Appraisal and Approval of Schemes and Projects',\r\n    question: \"For the appraisal of schemes of a scientific nature by the Expenditure Finance Committee or the Public Investment Board, who may be invited as a Member?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"The Principal Scientific Officer of the Cabinet Secretariat, mandatorily\",\r\n      \"The Scientific Adviser\",\r\n      \"The Director General, CSIR, in every case\",\r\n      \"A representative of the Department of Science and Technology, mandatorily\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Annexure-II to Appendix-III.<\/b><br>For appraisal of schemes of a scientific nature, the <b>Scientific Adviser may be invited as a Member<\/b> of the EFC\/PIB.<br><br>(a), (c) and (d) name specific functionaries\/bodies and make the invitation mandatory \u2014 the provision simply permits inviting the Scientific Adviser as Member. In the SFC\/DIB, similarly, a representative of the Department of Expenditure and any other Ministry suggested by the Secretary\/Financial Advisor may be invited as per requirement.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 146,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-III: Appraisal and Approval of Schemes and Projects',\r\n    question: \"In the time frame prescribed for the appraisal and approval cycle, the decision on 'in-principle' approval, where required, is to be taken within:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 week\",\r\n      \"4 weeks\",\r\n      \"2 weeks\",\r\n      \"6 weeks\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Annexure-III to Appendix-III (Time Frame for Appraisal and Approval).<\/b><br>The scheme\/project cycle commences with the submission of a Concept Paper\/Feasibility Report, and the decision on <b>'in-principle' approval, if required, is to be taken within 2 weeks<\/b>.<br><br>(b) 4 weeks is the period for the appraisal note and comments on the DP\/DPR \u2014 the adjacent step used as a distractor; (a) and (d) are other plausible periods.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 147,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-III: Appraisal and Approval of Schemes and Projects',\r\n    question: \"The Appraisal Note and comments on the Detailed Paper\/Detailed Project Report and the draft EFC\/PIB Memo are to be offered by the Department of Expenditure, NITI Aayog and the concerned Ministries\/Agencies within:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"8 weeks\",\r\n      \"2 weeks\",\r\n      \"1 week\",\r\n      \"4 weeks\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Annexure-III to Appendix-III.<\/b><br>The <b>Appraisal Note and comments<\/b> on the DP\/DPR and the draft EFC\/PIB Memo are to be offered by the <b>Department of Expenditure, NITI Aayog and concerned Ministries\/Agencies within 4 weeks<\/b> \u2014 the longest fixed step in the cycle.<br><br>(b) 2 weeks applies to several other steps (in-principle decision, final memo, on-file approvals, Cabinet submission); (c) 1 week applies to fixing the meeting date and issuing minutes.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 148,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-III: Appraisal and Approval of Schemes and Projects',\r\n    question: \"In the appraisal and approval cycle, match the following steps with their prescribed time limits, and select the correct answer:\\nList-I (Step)\\nA. Fixing the date of the EFC\/PIB meeting after receiving the final Memo\\nB. Issue of minutes of the EFC\/PIB after the meeting\\nC. On-file approval of the Administrative Minister and the Finance Minister\\nD. Submission for approval of the Cabinet\/Committee of the Cabinet (for proposals above Rs. 1,000 crore)\\nList-II (Time)\\n1. 2 weeks\\n2. 1 week\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A-2, B-2, C-1, D-1\",\r\n      \"A-1, B-2, C-1, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-2, B-1, C-2, D-1\",\r\n      \"A-1, B-1, C-2, D-2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Annexure-III to Appendix-III.<\/b><br>A\u20132: Fixing the meeting date \u2014 <b>1 week<\/b>.<br>B\u20132: Issue of minutes after the meeting \u2014 <b>1 week<\/b>.<br>C\u20131: On-file approval of the Administrative Minister and the Finance Minister \u2014 <b>2 weeks<\/b>.<br>D\u20131: Submission for Cabinet approval (proposals above Rs. 1,000 crore) \u2014 <b>2 weeks<\/b>.<br><br>The preparation of the final EFC\/PIB Memo after receipt of comments also carries 2 weeks. The distractors redistribute the 1-week and 2-week limits among the steps.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 149,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-III: Appraisal and Approval of Schemes and Projects',\r\n    question: \"In the prescribed appraisal and approval cycle, which one of the following stages has NO fixed time limit, being treated as an internal matter of the Administrative Ministry\/Department, varying with the nature of the scheme or project?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Decision on 'in-principle' approval\",\r\n      \"Preparation of the Detailed Paper\/Detailed Project Report and circulation with the draft EFC\/PIB Memo\",\r\n      \"Issue of minutes of the EFC\/PIB meeting\",\r\n      \"Preparation of the final EFC\/PIB Memo based on comments received\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (b) is correct \u2014 Annexure-III to Appendix-III.<\/b><br>The <b>preparation of the Detailed Paper\/DPR<\/b> (and its circulation with the draft Memo) carries <b>no fixed time limit<\/b> \u2014 'the time limit will vary depending on the nature of scheme and project; this is an internal matter of the Administrative Ministry\/Department concerned'.<br><br>(a), (c) and (d) all carry fixed limits \u2014 2 weeks, 1 week and 2 weeks respectively.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 150,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-III: Appraisal and Approval of Schemes and Projects',\r\n    question: \"Where the recommended time frame for any stage of the appraisal and approval cycle is not adhered to, the concerned organization should:\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"Refer the delay to the Central Vigilance Commission\",\r\n      \"Restart the appraisal cycle from the Concept Paper stage\",\r\n      \"Work out an appropriate trigger mechanism to take the matter to the next higher level for timely decision making\",\r\n      \"Treat the proposal as deemed approved\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (c) is correct \u2014 Annexure-III to Appendix-III, Note.<\/b><br>Wherever the recommended time frame is not adhered to at any stage, the concerned organization should work out an appropriate <b>trigger mechanism to take the matter to the next higher level<\/b> for timely decision making.<br><br>(b), (a) and (d) invent consequences \u2014 restart, vigilance reference or deemed approval \u2014 that the Note does not provide.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 151,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-III: Appraisal and Approval of Schemes and Projects',\r\n    question: \"In the generic structure of a Detailed Paper\/Detailed Project Report, match the sections with their contents, and select the correct answer:\\nList-I (Section)\\nA. Strategy\\nB. Management\\nC. Risk Analysis\\nD. Time Frame\\nList-II (Content)\\n1. Organization structure at various levels, human resource requirements and monitoring arrangements\\n2. Proposed zero date for commencement and a PERT\/CPM chart, wherever relevant\\n3. Analysis of alternative strategies, leveraging government funds through public-private partnership, and avoidance of duplication\\n4. Identification and assessment of implementation risks \u2014 legal\/contractual, environmental, revenue, project management and regulatory risks\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2\",\r\n      \"A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (d) is correct \u2014 Annexure-I to Appendix-III (Generic Structure of a Detailed Paper\/DPR).<\/b><br>A\u20133: <b>Strategy<\/b> \u2014 analysis of alternative strategies, reasons for the chosen strategy, leveraging funds through PPP\/outsourcing, avoiding duplication and creating synergy.<br>B\u20131: <b>Management<\/b> \u2014 responsibilities of agencies, organization structure, human resource requirements and monitoring arrangements.<br>C\u20134: <b>Risk Analysis<\/b> \u2014 identification and mitigation of implementation risks (legal\/contractual, environmental, revenue, project management, regulatory).<br>D\u20132: <b>Time Frame<\/b> \u2014 proposed zero date for commencement and a PERT\/CPM chart wherever relevant.<br><br>The distractors swap the Management\/Risk and Time-Frame contents.\"\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 152,\r\n    chapter: 'Appendix-III: Appraisal and Approval of Schemes and Projects',\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding Cost Benefit Analysis in the formulation of a scheme or project:\\n1. Financial and economic cost-benefit analysis should be undertaken wherever such returns are quantifiable.\\n2. Such analysis is generally possible for infrastructure projects, but may not always be feasible for public goods and social sector projects.\\n3. Where cost-benefit analysis is not feasible, the project need not be taken up for appraisal before the Public Investment Board.\\nWhich of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\r\n      \"1 and 2 only\",\r\n      \"1 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"2 and 3 only\",\r\n      \"1, 2 and 3\"\r\n    ],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: \"<b>Option (a) is correct \u2014 Annexure-I to Appendix-III, section on Cost Benefit Analysis.<\/b><br>Statement 1 \u2713 \u2014 financial and economic CBA is undertaken <b>wherever returns are quantifiable<\/b>.<br>Statement 2 \u2713 \u2014 it is generally possible for <b>infrastructure projects<\/b> but may not always be feasible for <b>public goods and social sector projects<\/b>.<br>Statement 3 \u2717 \u2014 the provision says the opposite: <b>even in the case of the latter, the project should be taken up for appraisal before the PIB<\/b>, with some measurable outcomes\/deliverables suitably defined. The reversed polarity makes statement 3 false.<br><br>Hence 1 and 2 only.\"\r\n  }\r\n\r\n];\r\n\r\n\/\/ export default allQuestions;\r\n\r\n\/\/ export default allQuestions; \/\/ uncomment if using as an ES module\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ STATE\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nlet initDone = false;\r\nlet currentMode = 'all';\r\nlet currentFilter = null;\r\nlet filteredQuestions = [...allQuestions];\r\nlet currentQuestionIndex = 0;\r\nlet selectedOption = null;\r\nlet answerChecked = false;\r\nlet sessionStats = { attempted: 0, correct: 0, incorrect: 0 };\r\nlet sessionStartTs = Date.now();\r\nlet sessionAnswers = {};\r\nlet progress = { questionStats: {}, weakAreas: [], lastQuestionId: null, lastMode: 'all', lastFilter: null, attemptLog: [] };\r\n\r\nconst $id = (x) => document.getElementById(x);\r\nconst CHAPTERS = [...new Set(allQuestions.map(q => q.chapter))];\r\n\/\/ Case-insensitive helpers: work for \"Ch 1:\", \"CH 1:\", \"ch 1:\" alike.\r\nconst chShort = (c) => c.replace(\/^CH\\s*(\\d+):.*$\/i, 'CH $1').replace('ANNEXURE\/Appendices', 'Annexures');\r\nconst chFull = (c) => { const m = c.match(\/^CH\\s*\\d+:\\s*(.+)$\/i); return m ? m[1] : c; };\r\n\/\/ One label, printed once (avoids the \"name: name\" doubling bug).\r\nconst chLabel = (c) => \/^CH\\s*\\d+:\/i.test(c) ? (chShort(c) + ': ' + chFull(c)) : c;\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ PERSISTENCE (localStorage)\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction loadProgress() {\r\n    try {\r\n        const saved = localStorage.getItem('quiz_progress_' + quizConfig.quizId);\r\n        if (saved) {\r\n            const p = JSON.parse(saved);\r\n            progress = Object.assign(progress, p);\r\n            if (!progress.questionStats) progress.questionStats = {};\r\n            if (!Array.isArray(progress.weakAreas)) progress.weakAreas = [];\r\n            if (!Array.isArray(progress.attemptLog)) progress.attemptLog = [];\r\n        }\r\n    } catch (e) { console.warn('Progress load failed', e); }\r\n}\r\nfunction saveProgress() {\r\n    try {\r\n        if (progress.attemptLog.length > 500) progress.attemptLog = progress.attemptLog.slice(-500);\r\n        localStorage.setItem('quiz_progress_' + quizConfig.quizId, JSON.stringify(progress));\r\n    } catch (e) { console.warn('Progress save failed', e); }\r\n}\r\nfunction getQStat(qid) {\r\n    if (!progress.questionStats[qid]) progress.questionStats[qid] = { correct: 0, incorrect: 0, lastAttempt: null, lastCorrect: null };\r\n    return progress.questionStats[qid];\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ TOAST\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nlet toastTimer = null;\r\nfunction showToast(msg, type) {\r\n    const t = $id('warningToast');\r\n    $id('toastMessage').textContent = msg;\r\n    t.classList.toggle('success', type === 'success');\r\n    t.classList.add('show');\r\n    clearTimeout(toastTimer);\r\n    toastTimer = setTimeout(() => t.classList.remove('show'), 2600);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ TAB NAVIGATION\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction switchView(view) {\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('.cwq-portal .gp-tab').forEach(b => b.classList.toggle('active', b.dataset.view === view));\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('.cwq-portal .gp-view').forEach(v => v.classList.toggle('active', v.id === 'view-' + view));\r\n    if (view === 'performance') renderAI();\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ MODE \/ FILTERS\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction setMode(mode, filter) {\r\n    currentMode = mode;\r\n    currentFilter = filter || null;\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('.cwq-portal .mode-tab').forEach(t => t.classList.toggle('active', t.dataset.mode === mode));\r\n    $id('chapterFilterCard').style.display = (mode === 'chapter') ? '' : 'none';\r\n    $id('weakAreasCard').style.display = (mode === 'weak') ? '' : 'none';\r\n    applyFilters();\r\n    progress.lastMode = mode; progress.lastFilter = currentFilter; saveProgress();\r\n}\r\nfunction applyFilters() {\r\n    if (currentMode === 'all') filteredQuestions = [...allQuestions];\r\n    else if (currentMode === 'chapter') filteredQuestions = currentFilter ? allQuestions.filter(q => q.chapter === currentFilter) : [...allQuestions];\r\n    else if (currentMode === 'weak') {\r\n        filteredQuestions = allQuestions.filter(q => progress.weakAreas.includes(q.id));\r\n        if (!filteredQuestions.length) { showToast('No weak areas yet \u2014 great going!', 'success'); filteredQuestions = [...allQuestions]; setMode('all'); return; }\r\n    }\r\n    currentQuestionIndex = 0;\r\n    sessionStats = { attempted: 0, correct: 0, incorrect: 0 };\r\n    sessionStartTs = Date.now();\r\n    sessionAnswers = {};\r\n    renderFilters(); renderGrid(); loadQuestion(); updateStats();\r\n}\r\nfunction renderFilters() {\r\n    $id('chapterList').innerHTML = CHAPTERS.map(c => {\r\n        const n = allQuestions.filter(q => q.chapter === c).length;\r\n        return '<div class=\"filter-item' + (currentMode === 'chapter' && currentFilter === c ? ' active' : '') + '\" data-chapter=\"' + encodeURIComponent(c) + '\" title=\"' + c + '\"><span class=\"filter-text\">' + chLabel(c) + '<\/span><span class=\"filter-count\">' + n + '<\/span><\/div>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n    renderWeakList();\r\n}\r\nfunction renderWeakList() {\r\n    const list = $id('weakQuestionList');\r\n    const weak = allQuestions.filter(q => progress.weakAreas.includes(q.id));\r\n    list.innerHTML = weak.length ? weak.map(q => {\r\n        const s = getQStat(q.id);\r\n        return '<div class=\"weak-question-item\" data-goto=\"' + q.id + '\"><span class=\"q-num\">Q' + q.id + '<\/span><span class=\"q-text\">' + q.question.replace(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/gi, ' ').substring(0, 60) + '\u2026<\/span><span class=\"wrong-count\">' + s.incorrect + '\u2717<\/span><\/div>';\r\n    }).join('') : '<p style=\"font-size:12.5px;color:var(--mut);text-align:center;padding:14px 4px;\">No weak areas. Keep practising!<\/p>';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ QUESTION RENDERING\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction loadQuestion() {\r\n    const q = filteredQuestions[currentQuestionIndex];\r\n    if (!q) {\r\n        $id('questionText').innerHTML = '<b>No questions loaded yet.<\/b> Paste your question bank into the <code>allQuestions<\/code> array in this file (format documented at the array) and reload.';\r\n        $id('optionsList').innerHTML = '';\r\n        $id('questionNumber').textContent = 'Question 0 of 0';\r\n        return;\r\n    }\r\n    selectedOption = null; answerChecked = false;\r\n    $id('questionNumber').textContent = 'Question ' + (currentQuestionIndex + 1) + ' of ' + filteredQuestions.length;\r\n    $id('currentQuestionChapter').textContent = chLabel(q.chapter);\r\n    $id('weakBadge').style.display = progress.weakAreas.includes(q.id) ? '' : 'none';\r\n    $id('questionText').innerHTML = formatQuestion(q);\r\n    $id('explanationBox').classList.remove('show');\r\n    renderOptions(q);\r\n    renderMastery(q);\r\n    const prior = sessionAnswers[q.id];\r\n    if (prior !== undefined) revealAnswer(q, prior, true);\r\n    $id('prevBtn').disabled = currentQuestionIndex === 0;\r\n    $id('nextBtn').disabled = currentQuestionIndex === filteredQuestions.length - 1;\r\n    $id('checkBtn').disabled = prior !== undefined;\r\n    renderGrid();\r\n    progress.lastQuestionId = q.id; saveProgress();\r\n    if (initDone && window.innerWidth <= 900) {\r\n        const p = document.querySelector('.cwq-portal .question-panel');\r\n        if (p) p.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start' });\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n\/\/ UPSC exam-paper formatting: numbered statements get their own spaced rows,\r\n\/\/ the \"Select the correct answer \/ Which of the above\" lead sits on its own line.\r\n\/\/ Splits on BOTH \"\\n\" and \"<br>\" so either style works in pasted data.\r\nfunction formatQuestion(q) {\r\n    const parts = q.question.split(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/i);\r\n    let html = '<span class=\"q-stem\"><b>Q.<\/b> ' + (parts[0] || '') + '<\/span>';\r\n    for (let i = 1; i < parts.length; i++) {\r\n        const seg = parts[i].trim();\r\n        if (!seg) continue;\r\n        const m = seg.match(\/^(\\d+)\\.\\s*(.*)$\/s);\r\n        if (m) html += '<span class=\"q-stmt\"><span class=\"sn\">' + m[1] + '.<\/span><span>' + m[2] + '<\/span><\/span>';\r\n        else if (\/^(select the correct|which of the (above|following|statements)|choose the correct|consider the following|statement)\/i.test(seg))\r\n            html += '<span class=\"q-lead\">' + seg + '<\/span>';\r\n        else html += '<span class=\"q-lead\" style=\"font-style:normal\">' + seg + '<\/span>';\r\n    }\r\n    return html;\r\n}\r\nfunction renderOptions(q) {\r\n    $id('optionsList').innerHTML = q.options.map((opt, i) =>\r\n        '<div class=\"option-item\" data-opt=\"' + i + '\"><span class=\"option-letter\">(' + String.fromCharCode(97 + i) + ')<\/span><span class=\"option-text\">' + opt + '<\/span><i class=\"option-icon\" style=\"margin-top:4px\"><\/i><\/div>'\r\n    ).join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction renderMastery(q) {\r\n    const s = getQStat(q.id);\r\n    const mi = $id('masteryIndicator');\r\n    if (s.correct + s.incorrect === 0) { mi.classList.remove('show'); return; }\r\n    mi.classList.add('show');\r\n    const stars = $id('masteryStars').querySelectorAll('i');\r\n    stars.forEach((st, i) => st.classList.toggle('filled', i < Math.min(s.correct, 5)));\r\n}\r\nfunction checkAnswer() {\r\n    if (answerChecked || selectedOption === null) { if (selectedOption === null) showToast('Select an option first'); return; }\r\n    const q = filteredQuestions[currentQuestionIndex];\r\n    const isCorrect = selectedOption === q.correct;\r\n    sessionAnswers[q.id] = selectedOption;\r\n    sessionStats.attempted++; isCorrect ? sessionStats.correct++ : sessionStats.incorrect++;\r\n    updateQuestionStats(q, isCorrect);\r\n    revealAnswer(q, selectedOption, false);\r\n    updateStats(); renderGrid(); renderWeakList(); updateHeader();\r\n}\r\nfunction revealAnswer(q, chosen, restoring) {\r\n    answerChecked = true;\r\n    const items = $id('optionsList').querySelectorAll('.option-item');\r\n    items.forEach((it, i) => {\r\n        it.classList.add('disabled');\r\n        if (i === q.correct) { it.classList.add('correct'); const oi = it.querySelector('.option-icon'); oi.textContent = '\\u2713'; oi.style.fontStyle = 'normal'; }\r\n        else if (i === chosen) { it.classList.add('incorrect'); const oj = it.querySelector('.option-icon'); oj.textContent = '\\u2717'; oj.style.fontStyle = 'normal'; }\r\n    });\r\n    $id('explanationText').innerHTML = q.explanation;\r\n    $id('explanationBox').classList.add('show');\r\n    $id('checkBtn').disabled = true;\r\n    renderMastery(q);\r\n    if (!restoring) showToast(chosen === q.correct ? 'Correct! Well done.' : 'Incorrect \u2014 read the explanation.', chosen === q.correct ? 'success' : '');\r\n}\r\nfunction updateQuestionStats(q, isCorrect) {\r\n    const s = getQStat(q.id);\r\n    isCorrect ? s.correct++ : s.incorrect++;\r\n    s.lastAttempt = Date.now(); s.lastCorrect = isCorrect;\r\n    progress.attemptLog.push({ qid: q.id, correct: isCorrect, ts: Date.now() });\r\n    const isWeak = progress.weakAreas.includes(q.id);\r\n    if (!isCorrect && s.incorrect >= quizConfig.weakThreshold && !isWeak) progress.weakAreas.push(q.id);\r\n    if (isCorrect && isWeak && s.correct >= quizConfig.masteryThreshold) progress.weakAreas = progress.weakAreas.filter(id => id !== q.id);\r\n    saveProgress();\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ GRID + STATS\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction renderGrid() {\r\n    $id('questionGrid').innerHTML = filteredQuestions.map((q, i) => {\r\n        let cls = 'unattempted';\r\n        const ans = sessionAnswers[q.id];\r\n        if (ans !== undefined) cls = (ans === q.correct) ? 'correct-answered' : 'incorrect-answered';\r\n        else { const s = progress.questionStats[q.id]; if (s && (s.correct + s.incorrect) > 0) cls = 'attempted'; }\r\n        if (i === currentQuestionIndex) cls = 'current';\r\n        const weak = progress.weakAreas.includes(q.id) ? ' weak-marked' : '';\r\n        return '<div class=\"grid-item ' + cls + weak + '\" data-idx=\"' + i + '\" title=\"Q' + q.id + '\">' + (i + 1) + '<\/div>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction masteredCount() { return allQuestions.filter(q => { const s = progress.questionStats[q.id]; return s && s.correct >= quizConfig.masteryThreshold; }).length; }\r\nfunction updateStats() {\r\n    $id('totalQuestions').textContent = filteredQuestions.length;\r\n    $id('attemptedCount').textContent = sessionStats.attempted;\r\n    $id('correctCount').textContent = sessionStats.correct;\r\n    $id('incorrectCount').textContent = sessionStats.incorrect;\r\n    const mastered = masteredCount();\r\n    const pct = allQuestions.length ? Math.round(mastered \/ allQuestions.length * 100) : 0;\r\n    $id('progressPercentage').textContent = pct + '%';\r\n    $id('progressRingFill').style.strokeDashoffset = 264 - (264 * pct \/ 100);\r\n    $id('totalCorrectProgress').textContent = Object.values(progress.questionStats).reduce((a, s) => a + s.correct, 0);\r\n    $id('totalWeakProgress').textContent = progress.weakAreas.length;\r\n    $id('allCount').textContent = allQuestions.length;\r\n    $id('weakModeCount').textContent = progress.weakAreas.length;\r\n}\r\nfunction updateHeader() {\r\n    $id('hdrTotalQ').textContent = allQuestions.length;\r\n    $id('hdrChapters').textContent = CHAPTERS.length;\r\n    const pct = allQuestions.length ? Math.round(masteredCount() \/ allQuestions.length * 100) : 0;\r\n    $id('hdrMastered').textContent = pct + '%';\r\n    const w = progress.weakAreas.length;\r\n    $id('weakBadgeHeader').style.display = w ? '' : 'none';\r\n    $id('weakCountHeader').textContent = w;\r\n    const r = computeReadiness();\r\n    $id('hdrReadiness').textContent = r.attempted ? r.score + '%' : '\u2014';\r\n    $id('perfPill').style.display = w >= 5 ? '' : 'none';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ SUBMIT \/ RESULT \/ RESETS\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction submitExam() {\r\n    if (!sessionStats.attempted) { showToast('Attempt at least one question first'); return; }\r\n    const pct = Math.round(sessionStats.correct \/ sessionStats.attempted * 100);\r\n    $id('resultCorrect').textContent = sessionStats.correct;\r\n    $id('resultIncorrect').textContent = sessionStats.incorrect;\r\n    $id('resultScore').textContent = pct + '%';\r\n    $id('resultIcon').textContent = pct >= 80 ? '\ud83c\udfc6' : pct >= 60 ? '\ud83c\udf89' : pct >= 40 ? '\ud83d\udcd6' : '\ud83d\udcaa';\r\n    $id('resultTitle').textContent = pct >= 80 ? 'Outstanding!' : pct >= 60 ? 'Great Job!' : pct >= 40 ? 'Keep Practising!' : 'Needs Revision';\r\n    $id('resultMessage').textContent = 'You attempted ' + sessionStats.attempted + ' of ' + filteredQuestions.length + ' questions in this session.';\r\n    $id('practiceWeakBtn').style.display = progress.weakAreas.length ? '' : 'none';\r\n    $id('resultModal').classList.add('show');\r\n}\r\nfunction reviewAnswers() { $id('resultModal').classList.remove('show'); currentQuestionIndex = 0; loadQuestion(); }\r\nfunction retryQuiz() { $id('resultModal').classList.remove('show'); sessionStats = { attempted: 0, correct: 0, incorrect: 0 }; sessionAnswers = {}; currentQuestionIndex = 0; loadQuestion(); updateStats(); }\r\n\/\/ SESSION RESET (Practice tab): clears ONLY this session's answers\/score.\r\n\/\/ Lifetime performance (mastery, weak areas, attempt history) is preserved.\r\nfunction resetSession() {\r\n    if (!confirm('Reset this session? Only the current answers and session score are cleared \u2014 your lifetime performance and mastery are kept.')) return;\r\n    sessionStats = { attempted: 0, correct: 0, incorrect: 0 };\r\n    sessionAnswers = {};\r\n    sessionStartTs = Date.now();\r\n    currentQuestionIndex = 0;\r\n    loadQuestion(); updateStats(); renderGrid();\r\n    showToast('Session reset \u2014 performance data kept', 'success');\r\n}\r\n\/\/ PERFORMANCE RESET (My Performance tab): wipes lifetime data after confirm.\r\nfunction resetPerformance() {\r\n    if (!confirm('Permanently erase ALL lifetime performance for this quiz?\\n\\nThis clears mastery stars, weak areas, accuracy history and the readiness score. This cannot be undone.')) return;\r\n    progress = { questionStats: {}, weakAreas: [], lastQuestionId: null, lastMode: 'all', lastFilter: null, attemptLog: [] };\r\n    saveProgress();\r\n    sessionStats = { attempted: 0, correct: 0, incorrect: 0 };\r\n    sessionAnswers = {};\r\n    sessionStartTs = Date.now();\r\n    setMode('all');\r\n    updateHeader();\r\n    renderAI();\r\n    showToast('Lifetime performance erased', 'success');\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ TAB 2 \u2014 AI COACH ENGINE (rule-based, client-side)\r\n\/\/ Chapter weight = chapter's share of the question bank\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\nfunction chapterCounts() {\r\n    const map = {};\r\n    allQuestions.forEach(q => { map[q.chapter] = (map[q.chapter] || 0) + 1; });\r\n    return Object.entries(map).sort((a, b) => b[1] - a[1]);\r\n}\r\nfunction chapterStats() {\r\n    const total = allQuestions.length;\r\n    return chapterCounts().map(([c, n]) => {\r\n        const qs = allQuestions.filter(q => q.chapter === c);\r\n        let attempted = 0, correct = 0, incorrect = 0, scoreSum = 0;\r\n        qs.forEach(q => {\r\n            const s = progress.questionStats[q.id];\r\n            if (s && (s.correct + s.incorrect) > 0) { attempted++; correct += s.correct; incorrect += s.incorrect; }\r\n            scoreSum += s ? Math.min(s.correct \/ quizConfig.masteryThreshold, 1) : 0;\r\n        });\r\n        const acc = (correct + incorrect) ? correct \/ (correct + incorrect) : null;\r\n        const weight = n \/ total;\r\n        const coverage = attempted \/ n;\r\n        const mastery = scoreSum \/ n;\r\n        const priority = weight * (acc === null ? 0.85 : (1 - acc)) * (0.5 + 0.5 * (1 - coverage));\r\n        return { chapter: c, count: n, weight, attempted, coverage, acc, mastery, priority };\r\n    });\r\n}\r\nfunction computeReadiness() {\r\n    const stats = chapterStats();\r\n    const score = Math.round(stats.reduce((a, s) => a + s.weight * s.mastery, 0) * 100);\r\n    const attempted = Object.values(progress.questionStats).some(s => (s.correct + s.incorrect) > 0);\r\n    return { score, attempted, stats };\r\n}\r\nfunction renderAI() {\r\n    if (!allQuestions.length) {\r\n        $id('aiEmptyState').style.display = '';\r\n        $id('aiContent').style.display = 'none';\r\n        return;\r\n    }\r\n    const { score, attempted, stats } = computeReadiness();\r\n    $id('aiEmptyState').style.display = attempted ? 'none' : '';\r\n    $id('aiContent').style.display = attempted ? '' : 'none';\r\n    if (!attempted) return;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Readiness ring\r\n    $id('aiScore').textContent = score;\r\n    $id('aiRingFill').style.strokeDashoffset = 402 - (402 * score \/ 100);\r\n    const verdict = score >= 80 ? '<b>Exam-ready.<\/b> Maintain with the revision queue and weak-area drills.'\r\n        : score >= 60 ? '<b>Strong base.<\/b> Close the gaps in your top-weight chapters to cross 80.'\r\n        : score >= 35 ? '<b>Building up.<\/b> Focus on the priority chapters below \u2014 they move your score fastest.'\r\n        : '<b>Early stage.<\/b> Start with the highest-weight chapters; every mastered question compounds.';\r\n    $id('aiVerdict').innerHTML = verdict + '<br><span style=\"font-size:11.8px;opacity:.8\">Score = \u03a3 (chapter weight \u00d7 your mastery), computed across ' + CHAPTERS.length + ' chapters of the bank.<\/span>';\r\n\r\n    \/\/ KPIs\r\n    const totalAttempted = allQuestions.filter(q => { const s = progress.questionStats[q.id]; return s && (s.correct + s.incorrect) > 0; }).length;\r\n    const allC = Object.values(progress.questionStats).reduce((a, s) => a + s.correct, 0);\r\n    const allI = Object.values(progress.questionStats).reduce((a, s) => a + s.incorrect, 0);\r\n    const accAll = (allC + allI) ? Math.round(allC \/ (allC + allI) * 100) : 0;\r\n    const recent = progress.attemptLog.slice(-20);\r\n    const accRecent = recent.length ? Math.round(recent.filter(a => a.correct).length \/ recent.length * 100) : 0;\r\n    const trendArrow = recent.length >= 5 ? (accRecent > accAll ? ' <span style=\"color:var(--green)\">\\u2197<\/span>' : accRecent < accAll ? ' <span style=\"color:var(--red)\">\\u2198<\/span>' : '') : '';\r\n    $id('aiKpis').innerHTML =\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-kpi\"><div class=\"n\">' + totalAttempted + '\/' + allQuestions.length + '<\/div><div class=\"l\">Coverage<\/div><\/div>' +\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-kpi\"><div class=\"n ' + (accAll >= 70 ? 'g' : accAll >= 45 ? 'a' : 'r') + '\">' + accAll + '%<\/div><div class=\"l\">Lifetime Accuracy<\/div><\/div>' +\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-kpi\"><div class=\"n ' + (accRecent >= 70 ? 'g' : accRecent >= 45 ? 'a' : 'r') + '\">' + accRecent + '%' + trendArrow + '<\/div><div class=\"l\">Last 20 Attempts<\/div><\/div>' +\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-kpi\"><div class=\"n g\">' + masteredCount() + '<\/div><div class=\"l\">Mastered (' + quizConfig.masteryThreshold + '\u2605)<\/div><\/div>' +\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-kpi\"><div class=\"n r\">' + progress.weakAreas.length + '<\/div><div class=\"l\">Weak Questions<\/div><\/div>';\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Smart study plan\r\n    const byPriority = [...stats].sort((a, b) => b.priority - a.priority);\r\n    const recos = [];\r\n    byPriority.slice(0, 3).forEach(s => {\r\n        if (s.acc === null) recos.push({ ic: 'warm', icon: '\ud83e\udded', txt: '<b>' + chShort(s.chapter) + '<\/b> carries <b>' + Math.round(s.weight * 100) + '%<\/b> of the bank but you haven\\u2019t attempted it yet \u2014 begin here.', ch: s.chapter });\r\n        else if (s.acc < 0.6) recos.push({ ic: 'hot', icon: '\ud83d\udd25', txt: '<b>' + chShort(s.chapter) + '<\/b>: chapter weight <b>' + Math.round(s.weight * 100) + '%<\/b>, your accuracy only <b>' + Math.round(s.acc * 100) + '%<\/b> \u2014 highest payoff zone right now.', ch: s.chapter });\r\n        else if (s.coverage < 0.6) recos.push({ ic: 'cool', icon: '\ud83d\udd0d', txt: '<b>' + chShort(s.chapter) + '<\/b>: accuracy is fine (' + Math.round(s.acc * 100) + '%) but you\\u2019ve only covered <b>' + Math.round(s.coverage * 100) + '%<\/b> of its questions \u2014 finish the set.', ch: s.chapter });\r\n    });\r\n    if (progress.weakAreas.length >= 3) recos.push({ ic: 'hot', icon: '\u26a0\ufe0f', txt: 'You have <b>' + progress.weakAreas.length + ' weak questions<\/b> flagged. One focused Weak-Areas session will clear the backlog.', weak: true });\r\n    const due = revisionDue();\r\n    if (due.length) recos.push({ ic: 'warm', icon: '\ud83d\udd01', txt: '<b>' + due.length + ' mastered questions<\/b> haven\\u2019t been touched in over ' + quizConfig.revisionGapDays + ' days \u2014 revise before they fade.' });\r\n    const best = [...stats].filter(s => s.acc !== null).sort((a, b) => b.acc - a.acc)[0];\r\n    if (best && best.acc >= 0.75) recos.push({ ic: 'good', icon: '\ud83c\udfc5', txt: 'Strongest area: <b>' + chShort(best.chapter) + '<\/b> at <b>' + Math.round(best.acc * 100) + '%<\/b> accuracy \u2014 bank these marks on exam day.' });\r\n    $id('aiRecoList').innerHTML = recos.map(r =>\r\n        '<div class=\"ai-reco\"><span class=\"ic ' + r.ic + '\">' + r.icon + '<\/span><p>' + r.txt + '<\/p>' +\r\n        (r.ch ? '<button class=\"go\" data-practice-ch=\"' + encodeURIComponent(r.ch) + '\">Practice \\u2192<\/button>' : r.weak ? '<button class=\"go\" data-practice-weak=\"1\">Start \\u2192<\/button>' : '') + '<\/div>'\r\n    ).join('');\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Performance table\r\n    $id('perfTableBody').innerHTML = byPriority.map(s => {\r\n        const accPct = s.acc === null ? null : Math.round(s.acc * 100);\r\n        const tag = s.acc === null ? '<span class=\"tag na\">Not started<\/span>'\r\n            : accPct < 45 ? '<span class=\"tag hot\">Critical<\/span>'\r\n            : accPct < 65 ? '<span class=\"tag warm\">Needs work<\/span>'\r\n            : accPct < 85 ? '<span class=\"tag ok\">On track<\/span>'\r\n            : '<span class=\"tag good\">Strong<\/span>';\r\n        const accBar = s.acc === null ? '\u2014' : '<div class=\"mini-track\"><div class=\"mini-fill\" style=\"width:' + accPct + '%;background:' + (accPct < 45 ? 'var(--red)' : accPct < 65 ? 'var(--amber)' : 'var(--green)') + '\"><\/div><\/div><span style=\"font-size:11.5px\">' + accPct + '%<\/span>';\r\n        return '<tr><td title=\"' + s.chapter + '\">' + chLabel(s.chapter) + '<\/td><td><b>' + Math.round(s.weight * 100) + '%<\/b> <span style=\"color:var(--faint);font-size:11.2px\">(' + s.count + ' Qs)<\/span><\/td><td>' + s.attempted + '\/' + s.count + '<\/td><td>' + accBar + '<\/td><td>' + tag + '<\/td><td><button class=\"mini-go\" data-practice-ch=\"' + encodeURIComponent(s.chapter) + '\">Practice<\/button><\/td><\/tr>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Revision queue\r\n    $id('revisionQueue').innerHTML = due.length ? due.slice(0, 8).map(({ q, days }) =>\r\n        '<div class=\"rev-item\" data-goto=\"' + q.id + '\"><span class=\"q-num\">Q' + q.id + '<\/span><span class=\"q-text\">' + q.question.replace(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/gi, ' ').substring(0, 55) + '\u2026<\/span><span class=\"days\">' + days + 'd ago<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    ).join('') : '<div class=\"ai-empty\" style=\"padding:18px\"><p style=\"font-size:13.3px\">Nothing due for revision. Mastered questions reappear here after ' + quizConfig.revisionGapDays + ' days.<\/p><\/div>';\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Mastery distribution\r\n    const buckets = [0, 0, 0, 0]; \/\/ untouched, learning, close, mastered\r\n    allQuestions.forEach(q => {\r\n        const s = progress.questionStats[q.id];\r\n        if (!s || (s.correct + s.incorrect) === 0) buckets[0]++;\r\n        else if (s.correct >= quizConfig.masteryThreshold) buckets[3]++;\r\n        else if (s.correct >= 2) buckets[2]++;\r\n        else buckets[1]++;\r\n    });\r\n    const labels = ['Untouched', 'Learning (0\u20131\u2605)', 'Almost there (2\u2605)', 'Mastered (' + quizConfig.masteryThreshold + '\u2605+)'];\r\n    const colors = ['#cbd5e1', 'var(--amber)', 'var(--navy-l)', 'var(--green)'];\r\n    $id('masteryDist').innerHTML = buckets.map((n, i) =>\r\n        '<div class=\"bar-row\" style=\"grid-template-columns:minmax(130px,1fr) 2fr auto\"><span class=\"bar-name\">' + labels[i] + '<\/span><div class=\"bar-track\"><div class=\"bar-fill\" style=\"width:' + (allQuestions.length ? n \/ allQuestions.length * 100 : 0) + '%;background:' + colors[i] + '\"><\/div><\/div><span class=\"bar-val\">' + n + '<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    ).join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction revisionDue() {\r\n    const now = Date.now(), gap = quizConfig.revisionGapDays * 86400000;\r\n    return allQuestions.map(q => {\r\n        const s = progress.questionStats[q.id];\r\n        if (s && s.correct >= quizConfig.masteryThreshold && s.lastAttempt && (now - s.lastAttempt) > gap)\r\n            return { q, days: Math.floor((now - s.lastAttempt) \/ 86400000) };\r\n        return null;\r\n    }).filter(Boolean).sort((a, b) => b.days - a.days);\r\n}\r\nfunction gotoQuestion(qid) {\r\n    switchView('practice');\r\n    let idx = filteredQuestions.findIndex(q => q.id === qid);\r\n    if (idx === -1) { setMode('all'); idx = filteredQuestions.findIndex(q => q.id === qid); }\r\n    if (idx !== -1) { currentQuestionIndex = idx; loadQuestion(); }\r\n}\r\nfunction practiceChapter(ch) {\r\n    switchView('practice');\r\n    setMode('chapter', ch);\r\n    showToast('Filtered to ' + chShort(ch), 'success');\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ EVENT DELEGATION (single listener)\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\ndocument.addEventListener('click', function (e) {\r\n    const w = e.target.closest('.cwq-portal');\r\n    if (!w) return;\r\n    const tab = e.target.closest('.gp-tab'); if (tab) { switchView(tab.dataset.view); return; }\r\n    const mode = e.target.closest('.mode-tab'); if (mode) { setMode(mode.dataset.mode); return; }\r\n    const cf = e.target.closest('.filter-item[data-chapter]'); if (cf) { const c = decodeURIComponent(cf.dataset.chapter); setMode('chapter', currentFilter === c ? null : c); return; }\r\n    const gi = e.target.closest('.grid-item'); if (gi) { currentQuestionIndex = parseInt(gi.dataset.idx, 10); loadQuestion(); return; }\r\n    const go = e.target.closest('[data-goto]'); if (go) { gotoQuestion(parseInt(go.dataset.goto, 10)); return; }\r\n    const pc = e.target.closest('[data-practice-ch]'); if (pc) { practiceChapter(decodeURIComponent(pc.dataset.practiceCh)); return; }\r\n    const pw = e.target.closest('[data-practice-weak]'); if (pw) { switchView('practice'); setMode('weak'); return; }\r\n    const opt = e.target.closest('.option-item'); if (opt && !answerChecked) {\r\n        $id('optionsList').querySelectorAll('.option-item').forEach(o => o.classList.remove('selected'));\r\n        opt.classList.add('selected'); selectedOption = parseInt(opt.dataset.opt, 10); return;\r\n    }\r\n    switch (e.target.closest('button') ? e.target.closest('button').id : '') {\r\n        case 'checkBtn': checkAnswer(); break;\r\n        case 'prevBtn': if (currentQuestionIndex > 0) { currentQuestionIndex--; loadQuestion(); } break;\r\n        case 'nextBtn': if (currentQuestionIndex < filteredQuestions.length - 1) { currentQuestionIndex++; loadQuestion(); } break;\r\n        case 'submitBtn': submitExam(); break;\r\n        case 'resetBtn': resetSession(); break;\r\n        case 'resetPerfBtn': resetPerformance(); break;\r\n        case 'reviewBtn': reviewAnswers(); break;\r\n        case 'retryBtn': retryQuiz(); break;\r\n        case 'practiceWeakBtn': $id('resultModal').classList.remove('show'); setMode('weak'); break;\r\n        case 'practiceWeakAreasBtn': setMode('weak'); break;\r\n        case 'resumeBtn': {\r\n            const qid = progress.lastQuestionId;\r\n            if (progress.lastMode) setMode(progress.lastMode, progress.lastFilter);\r\n            if (qid) gotoQuestion(qid);\r\n            $id('sessionInfo').style.display = 'none';\r\n            break;\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n});\r\n\r\n\/\/ Screenshot \/ copy deterrents\r\ndocument.addEventListener('contextmenu', function (e) { if (e.target.closest('.cwq-portal')) { e.preventDefault(); showToast('Right-click is disabled to protect content'); } });\r\ndocument.addEventListener('keydown', function (e) {\r\n    if ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && ['c', 's', 'p', 'u'].includes(e.key.toLowerCase()) && document.querySelector('.cwq-portal')) {\r\n        e.preventDefault(); showToast('Copying is disabled to protect content');\r\n    }\r\n    if (e.key === 'PrintScreen') showToast('Screenshots are discouraged \u2014 content is protected');\r\n});\r\n\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\n\/\/ INIT\r\n\/\/ ==========================================\r\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {\r\n    $id('topicName').textContent = quizConfig.topic;\r\n    $id('topicEyebrow').textContent = 'CSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com \u00b7 ' + quizConfig.paper;\r\n    loadProgress();\r\n    renderFilters();\r\n    setMode(progress.lastMode || 'all', progress.lastFilter || null);\r\n    updateHeader();\r\n    if (progress.lastQuestionId) {\r\n        const q = allQuestions.find(x => x.id === progress.lastQuestionId);\r\n        if (q) { $id('sessionInfo').style.display = ''; $id('sessionText').textContent = 'Last session: Q' + q.id + ' (' + chShort(q.chapter) + ')'; }\r\n    }\r\n    initDone = true;\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u26a0\ufe0f Message \ud83c\udf89 Great Job! 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