{"id":13677,"date":"2026-07-16T16:59:25","date_gmt":"2026-07-16T16:59:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/?page_id=13677"},"modified":"2026-08-31T14:17:31","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T14:17:31","slug":"mcqs-on-parliamentary-committees-of-lok-sabha","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/?page_id=13677","title":{"rendered":"MCQs on Parliamentary Committees of Lok Sabha"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"13677\" class=\"elementor elementor-13677\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f902382 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f902382\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d6d8e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"3d6d8e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!--\r\n=====================================================================\r\nCSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com\r\nPYQ + CHAPTER-WISE AI TEST SERIES   \u2014   two banks on one page\r\n=====================================================================\r\n\r\nHOW THIS DIFFERS FROM THE PLAIN CHAPTER-WISE PAGE\r\n  Two banks sit side by side: previous year questions, and concept MCQs\r\n  written chapter by chapter. Both are drilled from the same screen and\r\n  scored separately, so you always know whether a chapter is weak on the\r\n  real paper or only on practice questions.\r\n\r\n  You do NOT rate chapters by hand here. Exam weight is COUNTED from the\r\n  PYQ bank: a chapter holding 79 of 168 previous year questions is 47% of\r\n  the paper, and the page says so and shows the count behind the figure.\r\n  Add a year of papers and every weight, priority and plan re-computes\r\n  on its own.\r\n\r\nSETTING UP A NEW SUBJECT \u2014 three edits, all at the top of the script\r\n  1. CFG.quizId   unique per page. Progress is stored under this key, so\r\n                  two subjects on the same site never mix. Change it.\r\n     CFG.topic    subject name for the header.\r\n     CFG.sourceUrl  page on your site carrying the full text; shown as a\r\n                  \"Read the source\" card. Blank switches it off.\r\n  2. pyqQuestions      every previous year question you have, each with\r\n                       its year. This bank decides the exam weights.\r\n  3. conceptQuestions  your chapter-wise practice bank.\r\n\r\n  Both use the usual schema:\r\n      { id, chapter, question, options[], correct, explanation }\r\n  PYQ entries take one extra field:  year: 2023\r\n  Chapter strings must be written the same way in both banks \u2014 matching\r\n  is loose (case, spacing and 'Ch \/ Chapter \/ CH-2' are all read alike),\r\n  but the chapter NUMBER has to agree.\r\n\r\nSTEM LAYOUT \u2014 nothing to mark up\r\n  Plain stems, numbered statement stems and List-I \/ List-II stems are\r\n  each laid out automatically, all inside the same sheet.\r\n\r\nRESETS\r\n  \"Reset session\"        clears only this sitting's answers.\r\n  \"Reset my performance\" wipes lifetime mastery, weak areas and flags.\r\n\r\n=====================================================================\r\n-->\r\n\r\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\r\n<meta name=\"viewport\" 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0}\r\n@media(max-width:760px){.cdrill .lists{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:22px}}\r\n.cdrill .lcol h5{margin:0 0 10px;padding:0 0 9px;border-bottom:1px solid #DCD3BE;font-size:12px;font-weight:800;color:var(--ink)}\r\n.cdrill .lcol ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:grid;gap:12px}\r\n.cdrill .lcol li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:28px 1fr;align-items:baseline;\r\n  font-family:var(--serif) !important;font-size:17.5px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6;color:#161b26}\r\n.cdrill .lcol li b{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:600;font-size:17.3px;color:#8A6206}\r\n\r\n\/* options as bordered cards, matching the other pages *\/\r\n.cdrill .opts{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:9px}\r\n.cdrill .opt{font-family:var(--serif) !important;padding:12px 16px;border:1.5px solid var(--line);\r\n  border-radius:12px;cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:12px;transition:all .25s;\r\n  background:#fff;text-align:left;width:100%;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}\r\n.cdrill .opt .txt{font-family:var(--serif) !important;font-size:18.5px !important;line-height:1.6;\r\n  color:#161b26;flex:1;min-width:0}\r\n.cdrill .opt:hover:not(:disabled){border-color:#5F86F0;background:#F6F9FF;transform:translateX(4px)}\r\n.cdrill .opt:disabled{cursor:default;opacity:1;transform:none}\r\n.cdrill .key{min-width:34px;font-family:var(--serif) !important;font-weight:600;font-size:17.3px !important;\r\n  color:#161b26;flex-shrink:0;line-height:1.6}\r\n.cdrill .opt.sel{border-color:var(--blue-700);background:#EFF5FF;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--blue-700)}\r\n.cdrill .opt.sel::after{content:\"Selected\";font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',sans-serif;font-weight:800;\r\n  font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-800);align-self:center;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .opt.right{border-color:var(--ok);background:#F0FDF6;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--ok)}\r\n.cdrill .opt.right .key{color:#086945}\r\n.cdrill .opt.wrong{border-color:var(--bad);background:#FEF4F4;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--bad)}\r\n.cdrill .opt.wrong .key{color:#A81F2B}\r\n.cdrill .mark{margin-left:auto;font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:10.5px;\r\n  letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;white-space:nowrap;align-self:center}\r\n.cdrill .mark.r{color:var(--ok)} .cdrill .mark.w{color:var(--bad)}\r\n@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.cdrill .opt:hover:not(:disabled){transform:none}}\r\n.cdrill .hint{margin:12px 0 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:600;color:#8A6206;background:var(--gold-bg);\r\n  border:1px solid #F2DFAE;border-radius:10px;padding:10px 14px}\r\n.cdrill .actions{display:flex;gap:9px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:18px;align-items:center}\r\n.cdrill .btn{padding:11px 20px;border-radius:11px;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .btn:hover{background:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .btn:disabled{opacity:.4;cursor:not-allowed}\r\n.cdrill .btn.ghost{background:var(--paper);border:1.5px solid var(--line);color:var(--ink)}\r\n.cdrill .btn.ghost:hover{border-color:var(--blue-700);color:var(--blue-800);background:var(--blue-50)}\r\n.cdrill .flagbtn{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;padding:11px 18px;border-radius:11px;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;\r\n  border:1.5px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);color:var(--slate);margin-left:auto;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .flagbtn:hover{border-color:var(--gold);color:#8A6206;background:var(--gold-bg)}\r\n.cdrill .flagbtn[aria-pressed=true]{border-color:var(--gold);background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold));color:#3A2A02}\r\n.cdrill .kbd{display:inline-block;font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,monospace;font-size:10.5px;padding:3px 6px;background:#fff;\r\n  border:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom-width:2px;border-radius:4px;font-weight:700}\r\n.cdrill .keys{margin-top:14px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px dashed var(--line);font-size:11.5px;color:var(--slate);\r\n  display:flex;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-weight:600}\r\n@media(max-width:700px){.cdrill .keys{display:none}}\r\n\r\n.cdrill .verdict{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;font-weight:800;font-size:14px;margin:20px 0 0}\r\n.cdrill .verdict.r{color:var(--ok)} .cdrill .verdict.w{color:var(--bad)}\r\n.cdrill .expl{margin-top:12px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--gold);border-radius:0 12px 12px 0;\r\n  background:#FCFDFF;padding:16px 18px;font-size:14.2px;line-height:1.68}\r\n.cdrill .expl .body{font-family:'Newsreader',Georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7}\r\n.cdrill .expl b{color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .expl-h{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800;margin-bottom:8px}\r\n\r\n  font-weight:600;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-800);transition:.14s}\r\n.cdrill .chip:hover:not(:disabled){background:var(--blue-700);border-color:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .ai-out{margin-top:12px;background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;padding:14px 16px;\r\n  font-size:14px;line-height:1.65}\r\n.cdrill .ai-out b{color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .offline{margin-top:12px;padding-top:10px;border-top:1px dashed #CBD8F6;font-size:11.5px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.5}\r\n.cdrill .dots span{display:inline-block;width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--blue-700);margin-right:4px;animation:cdb 1.1s infinite}\r\n.cdrill .dots span:nth-child(2){animation-delay:.16s} .cdrill .dots span:nth-child(3){animation-delay:.32s}\r\n@keyframes cdb{0%,80%{opacity:.25;transform:translateY(0)}40%{opacity:1;transform:translateY(-3px)}}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- rail ---------- *\/\r\n.cdrill .rail{display:grid;gap:16px;align-content:start}\r\n.cdrill .rail .card{padding:16px}\r\n.cdrill .rail h3{margin:0;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800}\r\n.cdrill .score{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:8px;margin:10px 0 4px}\r\n.cdrill .score b{font-size:32px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.03em}\r\n.cdrill .score i{font-style:normal;color:var(--slate);font-size:13px;font-weight:600}\r\n.cdrill .bar{height:7px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--wash);overflow:hidden;margin-top:10px}\r\n.cdrill .bar>i{display:block;height:100%;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--ok),#37B37E);border-radius:99px;transition:width .4s}\r\n.cdrill .mini{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--slate);margin-top:8px;font-weight:600}\r\n.cdrill .streak{display:flex;gap:4px;margin-top:12px}\r\n.cdrill .streak i{flex:1;height:26px;border-radius:5px;background:var(--wash);border:1px solid var(--line)}\r\n.cdrill .streak i.r{background:var(--ok-bg);border-color:#A9DEC6}\r\n.cdrill .streak i.w{background:var(--bad-bg);border-color:#F3C2C6}\r\n.cdrill .nav-head{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;padding:13px 16px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);flex-wrap:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .nav-head b{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800}\r\n.cdrill .navtoggle{flex:none;white-space:nowrap;min-width:56px;text-align:center;\r\n  font-size:12px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-800);padding:5px 12px;border-radius:7px;\r\n  border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);letter-spacing:.02em;transition:.14s}\r\n.cdrill .nav-head b{min-width:0;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .navtoggle:hover{border-color:var(--blue-700);background:var(--blue-50)}\r\n.cdrill .navgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr));gap:6px;\r\n  padding:14px 16px 12px;max-height:238px;overflow-y:auto;overflow-x:hidden}\r\n.cdrill .navgrid::-webkit-scrollbar{width:6px}\r\n.cdrill .navgrid::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:#CBD5E1;border-radius:99px}\r\n.cdrill .navgrid::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background:transparent}\r\n.cdrill .nq{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;min-width:0;height:34px;padding:0;margin:0;\r\n  border-radius:8px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);\r\n  font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',system-ui,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:11.5px;line-height:1;\r\n  color:var(--slate);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:visible;\r\n  transition:background .12s,border-color .12s,color .12s;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;letter-spacing:-.02em}\r\n.cdrill .nq:hover{border-color:var(--blue-700);color:var(--blue-800);background:var(--blue-50)}\r\n@media(max-width:960px){.cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(10,minmax(0,1fr))}}\r\n@media(max-width:520px){.cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(7,minmax(0,1fr))}}\r\n.cdrill .nq.r{background:var(--ok-bg);border-color:#8FD3B6;color:#086945}\r\n.cdrill .nq.w{background:var(--bad-bg);border-color:#F0AEB4;color:#A81F2B}\r\n.cdrill .nq.cur{border-color:var(--blue-700);background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .nq .fl{position:absolute;top:-5px;right:-4px;font-size:9.5px;line-height:1;\r\n  filter:drop-shadow(0 0 2px #fff)}\r\n.cdrill .nq.mastered::after{content:\"\";position:absolute;bottom:3px;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);\r\n  width:4px;height:4px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--ok)}\r\n.cdrill .legend{display:flex;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:10.5px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600;\r\n  padding:10px 16px 14px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:4px}\r\n.cdrill .legend i{display:inline-block;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:3px;margin-right:5px;vertical-align:-1px}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- performance ---------- *\/\r\n.cdrill .perf{padding:24px 24px 32px;display:grid;gap:34px}\r\n.cdrill .ph{margin:0 0 10px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);font-weight:800}\r\n.cdrill .ph .secno{color:var(--gold);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:0}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- performance blocks ---------- *\/\r\n.cdrill .pblock{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:16px;background:var(--paper);overflow:hidden}\r\n.cdrill .pbh{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:16px;padding:20px 24px 18px;\r\n  background:linear-gradient(180deg,#FBFCFF,#F6F9FF);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}\r\n.cdrill .pbh .txt{flex:1;min-width:0}\r\n.cdrill .pbh h4{font-size:17px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.015em;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 7px;\r\n  display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px}\r\n.cdrill .pbh h4 .dot{width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--gold);flex:none}\r\n.cdrill .pbh p{font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.6;margin:0}\r\n.cdrill .pbh .pbtag{flex:none;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.07em;text-transform:uppercase;\r\n  color:var(--blue-800);background:var(--blue-100);border-radius:99px;padding:6px 13px;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .bars{padding:8px 24px 18px}\r\n.cdrill .subhead{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:18px 24px 2px;\r\n  border-top:1px solid #EEF2F9;margin-top:6px}\r\n.cdrill .subhead:first-of-type{border-top:0;margin-top:0}\r\n.cdrill .subhead h5{font-size:12.5px;font-weight:800;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:.01em;margin:0}\r\n.cdrill .subhead span{font-size:11.8px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600}\r\n.cdrill .hero2{display:grid;grid-template-columns:260px 1fr;gap:18px}\r\n@media(max-width:860px){.cdrill .hero2{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\r\n.cdrill .ring-card{background:linear-gradient(150deg,var(--blue-900),var(--blue-800) 70%,var(--blue-700));border-radius:var(--r);\r\n  padding:24px 20px;color:#fff;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\r\n.cdrill .ring{position:relative;width:150px;height:150px}\r\n.cdrill .ring svg{transform:rotate(-90deg)}\r\n.cdrill .ring .bg{fill:none;stroke:rgba(255,255,255,.14);stroke-width:11}\r\n.cdrill .ring .fg{fill:none;stroke:var(--gold-lt);stroke-width:11;stroke-linecap:round;transition:stroke-dashoffset 1s ease}\r\n.cdrill .ring-txt{position:absolute;inset:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\r\n.cdrill .ring-txt b{font-size:40px;font-weight:800;color:var(--gold-lt);letter-spacing:-.03em;line-height:1}\r\n.cdrill .ring-txt span{font-size:9.5px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#BFDBFE;margin-top:5px;font-weight:700}\r\n.cdrill .verdict2{margin-top:14px;font-size:13.4px;color:#DBEAFE;line-height:1.55}\r\n.cdrill .verdict2 b{color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .coach{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r);padding:18px 20px;background:var(--paper)}\r\n.cdrill .coach h4{font-size:14.5px;font-weight:800;margin-bottom:12px;display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center}\r\n.cdrill .reco{display:flex;gap:12px;padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line);align-items:flex-start}\r\n.cdrill .reco:last-child{border-bottom:0}\r\n.cdrill .reco .ic{width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:8px;display:grid;place-items:center;font-size:13px;flex:none;margin-top:1px}\r\n.cdrill .reco .ic.hot{background:var(--bad-bg);color:var(--bad)}\r\n.cdrill .reco .ic.warm{background:var(--gold-bg);color:#8A6206}\r\n.cdrill .reco .ic.cool{background:var(--blue-100);color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .reco .ic.good{background:var(--ok-bg);color:var(--ok)}\r\n.cdrill .reco p{font-size:13.8px;line-height:1.55}\r\n.cdrill .reco .go{margin-left:auto;flex:none;background:var(--blue-50);color:var(--blue-800);border:1px solid #D4E2FB;\r\n  border-radius:8px;padding:6px 12px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:800;white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .reco .go:hover{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .planner{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFFDF6,#FFF8E8);border:1px solid #EADFC2;border-left:4px solid var(--gold);\r\n  border-radius:0 var(--r) var(--r) 0;padding:18px 20px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n.cdrill .planner h4{font-size:17px;font-weight:800;margin-bottom:5px;letter-spacing:-.01em;\r\n  display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px}\r\n.cdrill .planner p{font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.55;max-width:62ch}\r\n.cdrill .pbtns{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n.cdrill .pbtn{padding:11px 18px;border:1.5px solid var(--gold);border-radius:11px;background:#fff;color:#8A6206;\r\n  font-weight:800;font-size:13.5px;display:flex;gap:7px;align-items:center;white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .pbtn:hover{background:var(--gold-bg)}\r\n.cdrill .pbtn.primary{background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold));color:#3A2A02;border-color:var(--gold)}\r\n.cdrill .pbtn.navy{background:var(--blue-900);border-color:var(--blue-900);color:#fff}\r\n.cdrill .pbtn.navy:hover{background:var(--blue-800);border-color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .kpis{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(150px,1fr));gap:12px}\r\n.cdrill .kpi{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:15px;background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff,var(--blue-50))}\r\n.cdrill .kpi b{display:block;font-size:26px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.03em}\r\n.cdrill .kpi span{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.06em}\r\n.cdrill .tblwrap{overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;background:#fff}\r\n\/* nested two-tier header, PYQ and concept side by side *\/\r\n.cdrill table.nested{min-width:880px}\r\n.cdrill table.nested thead th{background:var(--blue-700);border-bottom:0;padding:11px 10px;\r\n  font-size:10.6px;letter-spacing:.06em;vertical-align:middle}\r\n.cdrill table.nested thead th.grp{background:var(--blue-900);border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);\r\n  border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);font-size:11.4px;letter-spacing:.04em}\r\n.cdrill table.nested thead th.sub2{background:#2F62EA;font-size:10.2px;font-weight:600;padding:8px 10px}\r\n.cdrill table.nested thead th.lft{text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\r\n.cdrill table.nested td{padding:12px 10px;font-size:12.6px}\r\n.cdrill table.nested td.lft{text-align:left;padding-left:14px;font-weight:700;max-width:270px;\r\n  line-height:1.4;background:#FBFCFE;font-size:12.8px}\r\n.cdrill .wt{font-size:15px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-900)}\r\n.cdrill .wsub{font-size:10.6px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:700;margin-left:5px}\r\n.cdrill .nil{color:#B6C2D6;font-weight:700}\r\n.cdrill .minibar{height:6px;width:62px;margin:0 auto 4px;border-radius:99px;background:#EEF2F9;overflow:hidden}\r\n.cdrill .minibar>i{display:block;height:100%;border-radius:99px}\r\n.cdrill .miniv{font-size:11.4px;font-weight:800}\r\n.cdrill td.prac{white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill td.prac .mini-go+.mini-go{margin-left:5px}\r\n.cdrill .mini-go.pyq{color:#fff;background:var(--blue-900);border-color:var(--blue-900)}\r\n.cdrill .mini-go.pyq:hover{background:var(--blue-800);border-color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n\/* numbered section headings *\/\r\n.cdrill .pbh h4 .secno{font-size:15px;font-weight:800;color:var(--gold);letter-spacing:0;\r\n  font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;margin-right:2px}\r\n.cdrill .pbh .sechint{flex:none;font-family:'Newsreader',Georgia,serif;font-style:italic;font-size:12.8px;\r\n  color:var(--slate);white-space:nowrap;align-self:center}\r\n@media(max-width:760px){.cdrill .pbh .sechint{display:none}}\r\n.cdrill table.perf-t{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:13px;min-width:760px}\r\n.cdrill table.perf-t th,.cdrill table.perf-t td{padding:10px;border-bottom:1px solid #EEF2F9;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}\r\n.cdrill table.perf-t thead th{background:var(--blue-900);color:#fff;font-weight:700;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase}\r\n.cdrill table.perf-t th:first-child,.cdrill table.perf-t td:first-child{text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\r\n.cdrill table.perf-t td:first-child{font-weight:700;max-width:280px;line-height:1.35;background:#FBFCFE}\r\n.cdrill .sub{display:block;font-size:10.6px;color:var(--slate);font-weight:600;margin-top:3px}\r\n.cdrill .tbar{height:6px;border-radius:99px;background:var(--wash);overflow:hidden;min-width:80px}\r\n.cdrill .tbar>i{display:block;height:100%;border-radius:99px}\r\n.cdrill .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10.4px;font-weight:800;padding:3px 9px;border-radius:99px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.04em}\r\n.cdrill .tag.hot{background:var(--bad-bg);color:var(--bad)}\r\n.cdrill .tag.warm{background:var(--gold-bg);color:#8A6206}\r\n.cdrill .tag.ok{background:var(--blue-100);color:var(--blue-800)}\r\n.cdrill .tag.good{background:var(--ok-bg);color:var(--ok)}\r\n.cdrill .tag.na{background:#F1F5F9;color:var(--slate)}\r\n.cdrill .mini-go{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;padding:5px 10px;font-size:11.2px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-800);transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .mini-go:hover{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff;border-color:var(--blue-700)}\r\n.cdrill .lrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(150px,1.2fr) 2.4fr 96px;gap:18px;align-items:center;\r\n  padding:12px 10px;border-radius:9px;transition:background .13s;margin:0 -10px}\r\n.cdrill .lrow:hover{background:#FAFCFF}\r\n.cdrill .lrow+.lrow{border-top:1px solid #F1F5FB}\r\n@media(max-width:620px){.cdrill .lrow{grid-template-columns:1fr auto;row-gap:6px}.cdrill .lrow .ltrack{grid-column:1\/-1}}\r\n.cdrill .lname{font-size:13.4px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.35}\r\n.cdrill .lsub{display:block;font-size:10.8px;font-weight:600;color:var(--slate);margin-top:4px}\r\n.cdrill .ltrack{background:#EEF2F9;border-radius:99px;height:11px;overflow:hidden;\r\n  box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(16,32,74,.05)}\r\n.cdrill .lfill{height:100%;border-radius:99px;transition:width .8s cubic-bezier(.22,.9,.28,1)}\r\n.cdrill .lval{text-align:right;font-size:16px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.02em}\r\n.cdrill .lval small{display:block;font-size:10px;font-weight:700;color:var(--slate);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.05em;margin-top:2px}\r\n.cdrill .split{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:16px}\r\n@media(max-width:860px){.cdrill .split{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\r\n.cdrill .panel{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:16px 18px}\r\n.cdrill .rev{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;width:100%;text-align:left;background:#FAFBFE;border-left:3px solid var(--gold);\r\n  border-radius:8px;padding:10px 12px;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:12.6px;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .rev:hover{background:var(--gold-bg);transform:translateX(3px)}\r\n.cdrill .rev .n{font-weight:800;color:#8A6206;flex:none}\r\n.cdrill .rev .t{flex:1;color:var(--slate);white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}\r\n.cdrill .rev .d{background:var(--gold);color:#3A2A02;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:99px;font-size:10.2px;font-weight:800;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .danger{border:1px dashed #F3C2C6;border-radius:12px;background:#FFFAFA;padding:16px 18px;\r\n  display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap}\r\n.cdrill .danger p{font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);flex:1;min-width:220px;line-height:1.6}\r\n.cdrill .danger b{color:var(--bad)}\r\n.cdrill .dbtn{padding:11px 20px;background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #F3C2C6;border-radius:11px;color:var(--bad);\r\n  font-size:13px;font-weight:800;white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\r\n.cdrill .dbtn:hover{background:var(--bad);border-color:var(--bad);color:#fff}\r\n\/* ---------- exam analytics ---------- *\/\r\n.cdrill .rankrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:26px minmax(120px,1.25fr) 2.2fr 42px 46px;gap:14px;\r\n  align-items:center;padding:9px 10px;margin:0 -10px;border-radius:9px;transition:background .13s}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow:hover{background:#FAFCFF}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow+.rankrow{border-top:1px dashed #EEF2F9}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rk{font-size:11.5px;font-weight:800;color:#B6C2D6;text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rname{font-size:12.4px;font-weight:600;color:var(--blue-800);line-height:1.35;\r\n  overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rname.gold{color:#8A6206;font-weight:800}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rtrack{height:15px;border-radius:5px;background:#EEF2F9;overflow:hidden}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rtrack>i{display:block;height:100%;border-radius:5px;transition:width .8s cubic-bezier(.22,.9,.28,1)}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rv{font-size:15px;font-weight:800;text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;letter-spacing:-.02em}\r\n.cdrill .rankrow .rp{font-size:11px;font-weight:700;color:var(--slate);text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n@media(max-width:700px){.cdrill .rankrow{grid-template-columns:22px minmax(0,1fr) 34px 42px}\r\n  .cdrill .rankrow .rtrack{grid-column:1\/-1;order:9}}\r\n\r\n.cdrill table.hm{min-width:760px;font-size:12px}\r\n.cdrill table.hm thead th{background:var(--blue-700);padding:9px 6px;font-size:10.4px}\r\n.cdrill table.hm thead th.lft{text-align:left;padding-left:14px;min-width:230px}\r\n.cdrill table.hm thead th.tot{background:var(--blue-900)}\r\n.cdrill table.hm td{padding:7px 6px;font-size:11.8px;border-bottom:1px solid #F1F5FB;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n.cdrill table.hm td.lft{text-align:left;padding-left:14px;font-weight:600;font-size:11.8px;line-height:1.35;\r\n  background:#FBFCFE;max-width:250px}\r\n.cdrill table.hm td.tot{font-weight:800;background:#F4F7FD;color:var(--blue-900)}\r\n.cdrill table.hm tfoot td{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff;font-weight:800;font-size:11.6px;padding:9px 6px;border:0}\r\n.cdrill table.hm tfoot td.lft{background:var(--blue-700);color:#fff;text-align:left;padding-left:14px}\r\n.cdrill .hmlegend{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:12px 24px 16px;font-size:10.8px;\r\n  color:var(--slate);font-weight:700}\r\n.cdrill .hmlegend i{width:26px;height:11px;border-radius:3px;display:inline-block;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.05)}\r\n.cdrill .hmlegend span:last-child{margin-left:3px}\r\n\r\n.cdrill .cyc{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;gap:12px;padding:26px 24px 18px;overflow-x:auto}\r\n.cdrill .cycbar{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:7px;flex:1;min-width:52px}\r\n.cdrill .cycbar .cn{font-size:12.5px;font-weight:800;color:var(--blue-800);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}\r\n.cdrill .cycbar .cbar{width:100%;max-width:46px;border-radius:6px 6px 0 0;\r\n  background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold));transition:height .8s cubic-bezier(.22,.9,.28,1)}\r\n.cdrill .cycbar .cy{font-size:10.4px;font-weight:700;color:var(--slate);white-space:nowrap}\r\n\r\n.cdrill .empty{text-align:center;padding:40px 20px;color:var(--slate)}\r\n.cdrill .empty b{display:block;color:var(--ink);font-size:16px;margin-bottom:6px}\r\n.cdrill .toast{position:fixed;bottom:26px;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);background:var(--blue-900);color:#fff;\r\n  padding:12px 22px;border-radius:11px;font-weight:700;font-size:13.5px;z-index:9999;display:none;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}\r\n.cdrill .toast.show{display:block}\r\n.cdrill .toast.ok{background:var(--ok)}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- content protection ---------- *\/\r\n.cdrill{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;\r\n  -webkit-touch-callout:none;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}\r\n\/* inputs must stay usable, or the search box cannot be edited *\/\r\n.cdrill input,.cdrill textarea,.cdrill select{-webkit-user-select:text;user-select:text}\r\n.cdrill.allow-select{-webkit-user-select:text;user-select:text}\r\n.cdrill img,.cdrill svg{-webkit-user-drag:none;user-drag:none;pointer-events:none}\r\n.cdrill .navtoggle,.cdrill .tab,.cdrill button{-webkit-user-drag:none}\r\n\/* screen obscured while the window is not in front *\/\r\n.cdrill.veiled .qbody,.cdrill.veiled .perf,.cdrill.veiled .chaplist,.cdrill.veiled .yearlist{\r\n  filter:blur(9px);transition:filter .12s}\r\n.cdrill .veilmsg{position:absolute;inset:0;display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;\r\n  background:rgba(244,247,253,.72);z-index:40;font-weight:800;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--blue-900);\r\n  text-align:center;padding:20px;border-radius:var(--r)}\r\n.cdrill.veiled .veilmsg{display:flex}\r\n.cdrill{position:relative}\r\n\/* what a print or PDF export gets instead of the paper *\/\r\n.cdrill-printblock{display:none}\r\n@media print{\r\n  .cdrill{display:none!important}\r\n  .cdrill-printblock{display:block!important;padding:60px 40px;text-align:center;\r\n    font-family:'Plus Jakarta Sans',system-ui,sans-serif;color:#12246E}\r\n  .cdrill-printblock h2{font-size:20px;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 10px}\r\n  .cdrill-printblock p{font-size:13.5px;color:#5B6B85;line-height:1.7;max-width:60ch;margin:0 auto}\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* ---------- mobile ---------- *\/\r\n@media(max-width:640px){\r\n  .cdrill .wrap{padding:0 14px}\r\n\r\n  \/* hero: tighter, and the stat tiles share the row evenly *\/\r\n  .cdrill .hero{padding-top:18px}\r\n  .cdrill .hero h1{font-size:19px}\r\n  .cdrill .hero p{font-size:12.6px;margin-bottom:14px}\r\n  .cdrill .hstats{gap:7px}\r\n  .cdrill .hstat{flex:1 1 0;min-width:0;padding:8px 10px;text-align:center}\r\n  .cdrill .hstat b{font-size:17px}\r\n  .cdrill .hstat span{font-size:8.8px;letter-spacing:.06em}\r\n\r\n  \/* tabs scroll sideways instead of wrapping onto two lines *\/\r\n  .cdrill .tabs{margin-top:16px;gap:5px;flex-wrap:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;scrollbar-width:none;\r\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .cdrill .tabs::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}\r\n  .cdrill .tab{flex:none;padding:10px 15px;font-size:12.6px;gap:6px;white-space:nowrap}\r\n  .cdrill .tab[aria-selected=true]{padding-bottom:13px}\r\n\r\n  \/* THE FIX: pills were shrinking to fit instead of scrolling, which cut\r\n     every label in half. flex:none makes the row scroll as intended. *\/\r\n  .cdrill .filters .wrap{padding-top:11px;padding-bottom:11px;gap:8px;\r\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n  .cdrill .pill-f{flex:none;padding:8px 14px;font-size:12.6px;gap:6px}\r\n  .cdrill .pill-f .n{font-size:10.5px;padding:2px 7px}\r\n\r\n  \/* toolbar stacks *\/\r\n  .cdrill .grid{padding:14px 0 40px;gap:14px}\r\n  .cdrill .toolbar{gap:8px;padding-bottom:12px}\r\n  .cdrill .search{flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0}\r\n  .cdrill .tgl{flex:1;justify-content:center;padding:9px 12px;font-size:12.6px}\r\n\r\n  \/* question card *\/\r\n  .cdrill .qhead{padding:11px 14px;gap:8px}\r\n  .cdrill .qcount{font-size:15px;width:100%}\r\n  .cdrill .qmeta{gap:6px}\r\n  .cdrill .badge-ch{max-width:100%;font-size:11px;padding:5px 11px}\r\n  .cdrill .badge-m,.cdrill .badge-src,.cdrill .qtag{font-size:10.6px;padding:4px 10px}\r\n  .cdrill .qbody{padding:16px 14px 18px}\r\n  .cdrill .qsheet{padding:15px 15px 16px;border-radius:0 9px 9px 0}\r\n  .cdrill .stem,.cdrill .qsheet .lead,.cdrill .qsheet .intro,.cdrill .qsheet .close,\r\n  .cdrill .stmts li,.cdrill .opt .txt{font-size:16.6px !important;line-height:1.6}\r\n  .cdrill .lists{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}\r\n  .cdrill .opt{padding:11px 13px;gap:9px}\r\n  .cdrill .key{min-width:28px;font-size:16px !important}\r\n  .cdrill .opt.sel::after{display:none}\r\n  .cdrill .actions{gap:7px}\r\n  .cdrill .btn{flex:1;padding:11px 14px;font-size:13.4px;text-align:center}\r\n  .cdrill .flagbtn{margin-left:0;flex:1 1 100%;justify-content:center;padding:11px 14px}\r\n  .cdrill .expl{padding:14px 15px}\r\n  .cdrill .expl .body{font-size:15.4px}\r\n\r\n  \/* chapter list and navigator *\/\r\n  .cdrill .chaphead{padding:10px 14px;gap:8px}\r\n  .cdrill .chaphead .meta{margin-left:0;flex:1 1 100%;white-space:normal}\r\n  .cdrill .chapchip{padding:10px 14px;gap:7px}\r\n  .cdrill .chapchip .cn{font-size:12.2px}\r\n  .cdrill .yearlist{padding:14px;gap:8px}\r\n  .cdrill .ychip{flex:1 1 calc(33.333% - 6px);min-width:0;padding:10px 8px}\r\n  .cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(8,minmax(0,1fr));max-height:none}\r\n  .cdrill .rail .card{padding:14px}\r\n\r\n  \/* performance and analytics *\/\r\n  .cdrill .perf{padding:16px 14px 24px;gap:22px}\r\n  .cdrill .pbh{padding:16px 15px 14px;gap:10px}\r\n  .cdrill .pbh h4{font-size:15.4px}\r\n  .cdrill .pbh p{font-size:12.4px}\r\n  .cdrill .bars{padding:6px 15px 14px}\r\n  .cdrill .hero2{gap:14px}\r\n  .cdrill .ring-card{padding:20px 16px}\r\n  .cdrill .coach{padding:15px}\r\n  .cdrill .reco{gap:10px}\r\n  .cdrill .reco p{font-size:13px}\r\n  .cdrill .reco .go{margin-left:0;flex:1 1 100%;margin-top:6px}\r\n  .cdrill .planner{padding:15px;gap:12px}\r\n  .cdrill .pbtns{width:100%;gap:8px}\r\n  .cdrill .pbtn{flex:1 1 100%;justify-content:center;padding:12px 14px}\r\n  .cdrill .kpis{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:9px}\r\n  .cdrill .kpi{padding:12px}\r\n  .cdrill .kpi b{font-size:22px}\r\n  .cdrill .kpi span{font-size:10.4px}\r\n  .cdrill .panel{padding:14px}\r\n  .cdrill .danger{padding:14px}\r\n  .cdrill .dbtn{width:100%}\r\n  .cdrill .cyc{padding:20px 14px 14px;gap:8px}\r\n  .cdrill .cycbar{min-width:42px}\r\n  .cdrill .toast{left:14px;right:14px;transform:none;text-align:center;bottom:16px}\r\n}\r\n@media(max-width:380px){\r\n  .cdrill .hstat b{font-size:15.5px}\r\n  .cdrill .navgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr))}\r\n  .cdrill .ychip{flex:1 1 calc(50% - 5px)}\r\n  .cdrill .kpis{grid-template-columns:1fr}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"cdrill\" id=\"cdRoot\">\r\n\r\n  <header class=\"hero\">\r\n    <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n      <div class=\"eyebrow\" id=\"cdEyebrow\">CSS ADDA \u00b7 PromotionExams.com<\/div>\r\n      <h1 id=\"cdTopic\">Chapter-wise Test Series<\/h1>\r\n      <p id=\"cdSub\">Chapter drills with a planner that builds your next sitting for you.<\/p>\r\n      <div class=\"hstats\">\r\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hQ\">0<\/b><span>Questions<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hCh\">0<\/b><span>Chapters<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hMastered\">0%<\/b><span>Mastered<\/span><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"hstat\"><b class=\"tnum\" id=\"hReady\">\u2014<\/b><span>Readiness<\/span><\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"tabs\" role=\"tablist\">\r\n        <button class=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"quiz\">\u270f\ufe0f Practice<\/button>\r\n        <button class=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"perf\">\ud83d\udcca My Performance <span class=\"pill hide\" id=\"perfPill\">!<\/span><\/button>\r\n        <button class=\"tab hide\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"exam\" id=\"tabExam\">\ud83d\udcdc Exam Analytics<\/button>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/header>\r\n  <div class=\"goldrule\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"filters\" id=\"cdFilters\">\r\n    <div class=\"wrap\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Filter questions\">\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f\" data-f=\"all\" aria-pressed=\"true\">\ud83d\udccb All questions<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fAll\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f navy\" data-f=\"pyq\">\ud83d\udcdc PYQs only<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fPyq\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f\" data-f=\"concept\">\ud83e\udde0 Concept MCQs<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fCon\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f\" data-f=\"chapter\">\ud83d\udcda By chapter<\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f gold hide\" data-f=\"session\" id=\"pillSession\">\ud83e\udde9 <span id=\"sessLabel\">My session<\/span><span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fSess\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f warn\" data-f=\"weak\">\u26a0\ufe0f Weak areas<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fWeak\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n      <button class=\"pill-f\" data-f=\"flagged\">\ud83d\udd16 Flagged<span class=\"n tnum\" id=\"fFlag\">0<\/span><\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n    <!-- ============ PRACTICE ============ -->\r\n    <div class=\"grid\" id=\"viewQuiz\">\r\n      <div>\r\n        <div class=\"toolbar\">\r\n          <div class=\"search\">\r\n            <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"M20 20l-3.5-3.5\"\/><\/svg>\r\n            <input id=\"cdSearch\" placeholder=\"Search a phrase or a rule number\" aria-label=\"Search questions\">\r\n          <\/div>\r\n          <button class=\"tgl\" id=\"tglUn\" aria-pressed=\"false\">\u25fb Unattempted only<\/button>\r\n          <button class=\"tgl\" id=\"tglReset\">\u21ba Reset session<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <section class=\"card chapcard hide\" id=\"chapPanel\">\r\n          <div class=\"chaphead\">\r\n            <b>\ud83d\udcda Filter by chapter<\/b><i id=\"chapHint\"><\/i>\r\n            <span class=\"bankseg\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Which bank\">\r\n              <button data-bank=\"all\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Both<\/button>\r\n              <button data-bank=\"pyq\" aria-pressed=\"false\">PYQs<\/button>\r\n              <button data-bank=\"concept\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Concept<\/button>\r\n            <\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"meta\" id=\"ctxMeta\"><\/span>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"chaplist\" id=\"chapList\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Choose chapter\"><\/div>\r\n        <\/section>\r\n\r\n        <section class=\"card hide\" id=\"emptyCard\">\r\n          <div class=\"qhead\"><span class=\"qcount\">Nothing to show<\/span><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"empty\" id=\"emptyBody\"><\/div>\r\n        <\/section>\r\n\r\n        <section class=\"card\" id=\"qCard\">\r\n          <div class=\"qhead\">\r\n            <span class=\"qcount\" id=\"qCount\">Question 1 of 1<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"qmeta\">\r\n              <span class=\"badge-src\" id=\"qSrc\">Concept<\/span>\r\n              <span class=\"badge-m\" id=\"qMastery\">Not seen yet<\/span>\r\n              <span class=\"badge-ch\"><span id=\"qChap\">Chapter<\/span><\/span>\r\n              <span id=\"qTags\" class=\"qtags\"><\/span>\r\n            <\/span>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"qbody\">\r\n            <p class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><\/p>\r\n            <div class=\"opts\" id=\"qOpts\"><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"actions\">\r\n              <button class=\"btn\" id=\"btnCheck\">Check answer<\/button>\r\n              <button class=\"btn ghost\" id=\"btnPrev\">\u2190 Previous<\/button>\r\n              <button class=\"btn ghost\" id=\"btnNext\">Next \u2192<\/button>\r\n              <button class=\"flagbtn\" id=\"btnFlag\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span id=\"flagIco\">\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f<\/span><span id=\"flagTxt\">Flag for review<\/span><\/button>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <p class=\"hint hide\" id=\"pickHint\">Choose an option above, then check your answer.<\/p>\r\n\r\n            <div id=\"result\" class=\"hide\">\r\n              <div class=\"verdict\" id=\"verdict\"><\/div>\r\n              <div class=\"expl\">\r\n                <div class=\"expl-h\">Source &amp; reasoning<\/div>\r\n                <div id=\"explBody\" 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CONFIGURATION  \u2190 EDIT PER SUBJECT\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst CFG = {\r\n  quizId : 'subject-pyq-chapterwise',  \/\/ unique per page \u2014 this is the progress key\r\n  topic  : 'Parliamentary Committees \u2014 Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha (Chapter XXVI)',             \/\/ e.g. 'Right to Information Act, 2005'\r\n  eyebrow: '',                         \/\/ e.g. 'UPSC SO \/ Steno LDCE \u00b7 Paper II'\r\n  sub    : 'Previous year questions and chapter drills, weighted by what the paper actually asks.',\r\n\r\n  \/* --- SOURCE PAGE --------------------------------------------------- *\/\r\n  sourceUrl   : '',                 \/\/ e.g. 'https:\/\/promotionexams.com\/your-source-page\/'\r\n  sourceLabel : 'full source text',\r\n\r\n  masteryThreshold : 3,     \/\/ clean correct answers before a question counts as mastered\r\n  weakThreshold    : 1,     \/\/ wrong attempts before a question is flagged weak\r\n\r\n  priorAccuracy : 0.30,     \/\/ expected-score model: shrink raw accuracy toward this\r\n  priorStrength : 6,\r\n  retention     : { baseDays:3, growth:2.5, riskBelow:0.70 },\r\n\r\n  highYield   : 15,         \/\/ a chapter with this many PYQs is called high-yield\r\n\r\n  sessionSize : 25,         \/\/ Focused set\r\n  mockSize    : 50,         \/\/ Mock paper\r\n  pyqSize     : 30          \/\/ PYQ paper\r\n};\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   2. THE TWO BANKS  \u2190 PASTE YOUR QUESTIONS HERE\r\n   Same schema in both:\r\n      { id, chapter, question, options[], correct, explanation }\r\n   PYQ entries take one extra field:  year: 2023\r\n   Exam weight is COUNTED from pyqQuestions \u2014 you do not set it by hand.\r\n   The samples below are only so the page renders. Delete them.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\n\r\nconst pyqQuestions = [\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 1,\r\n    year: \"2009-11\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements is\/are correct?<br>1. All communications from Ministers and all suggestions, memoranda and representations received from various quarters in respect of matters pending before a Parliamentary Committee are addressed to the Speaker<br>2. The Secretary General of Lok Sabha\/Rajya Sabha is empowered to fix the date and time of a sitting of a Parliamentary Committee if the Chairman of that Committee is not readily available\",\r\n    options: [\"1 only\",\"2 only\",\"Both 1 and 2\",\"Neither 1 nor 2\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b><br>\r\nCommunications, suggestions, memoranda and representations in respect of a matter pending before a Committee are addressed to the CHAIRPERSON of that Committee, NOT to the Speaker.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT \u2713<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 264: \"The sittings of a Committee shall be held on such days and at such hour as the Chairperson of the Committee may fix: Provided that if the Chairperson of the Committee is not readily available, the Secretary-General may fix the date and time of a sitting.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Extra (second proviso to Rule 264):<\/b> in the case of a Select Committee on a Bill, where the Chairperson is not readily available the Secretary-General fixes the date and time <i>in consultation with the Minister concerned with the Bill<\/i>.`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 2,\r\n    year: \"2012-13\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements on Parliamentary Committees:<br>1. The quorum of a Committee shall be five.<br>2. The report of a Committee may be either preliminary or final.<br>3. Provided that where the Rajya Sabha has not fixed any time for the presentation of the report, the report shall be presented within one month of the date on which reference to the Committee was made.\",\r\n    options: [\"1, 2 and 3\",\"1 and 2 only\",\"3 only\",\"2 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 259(1): \"The quorum to constitute a sitting of a Committee shall be, as near as may be, one-third of the total number of members of the Committee.\"<\/i><br>\r\nQuorum is ONE-THIRD of total members, NOT fixed at five; it therefore varies with the size of the Committee.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT \u2713<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 277(2): \"Reports may be either preliminary or final.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT \u2713<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 277(1): \"Where the House has not fixed any time for the presentation of a report by a Committee the report shall be presented within one month of the date on which reference to the Committee was made.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Proviso to Rule 277(1):<\/i> the House may at any time, on a motion being made, extend that time to a date specified in the motion.`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 3,\r\n    year: \"2012-13\",\r\n    chapter: \"Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements relating to Business Advisory Committee of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. The Speaker acts as its Chairman.<br>2. The Deputy Speaker acts as its Chairman.<br>3. It allocates time for various Bills and determines priority of items to be discussed in the House.<br>4. Its Chairman is nominated by the Speaker.\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 3\",\"2 and 3\",\"1 only\",\"3 and 4\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT \u2713<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 287: \"At the commencement of the House or from time to time, as the case may be, the Speaker may nominate a Committee called the Business Advisory Committee consisting of not more than fifteen members including the Speaker who shall be the Chairperson of the Committee.\"<\/i><br>\r\nThe Speaker is ex-officio Chairperson, and is counted WITHIN the ceiling of fifteen.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b><br>\r\nThe Deputy Speaker is NOT the Chairman. The SPEAKER is the Chairperson under Rule 287.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT \u2713<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 288(1): \"It shall be the function of the Committee to recommend the time that should be allocated for the discussion of the stage or stages of such Government Bills and other business as the Speaker, in consultation with the Leader of the House, may direct for being referred to the Committee.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Rule 288(2):<\/i> the Committee may indicate in the proposed time-table the different hours at which the various stages shall be completed.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b><br>\r\nThe Chairperson is the Speaker ex-officio; the office is not separately nominated.`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 4,\r\n    year: \"2012-13\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House\",\r\n    question: \"Which one among the following statements relating to Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House in the Lok Sabha is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"The Committee examines the case where a Member has been absent for a period of sixty days without permission\",\"The Committee can recommend leave for less than seventy-five days\",\"The Committee can grant leave on the verbal request of a Member\",\"The Committee meeting is held in camera\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Committee examines 60 days' absence without permission<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule Reference:<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 326(1)(ii): \"to examine every case where a member has been absent for a period of sixty days or more, without permission, from the sittings of the House and to report whether the absence should be condoned or circumstances of the case justify that the House should declare the seat of the member vacant.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Constitutional Reference:<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Article 101(4): \"If for a period of sixty days a member of either House of Parliament is without permission of the House absent from all meetings thereof, the House may declare his seat vacant.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Why the others fail:<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 242(1): \"A member desiring permission of the House to remain absent from the sittings thereof under clause (4) of article 101 of the Constitution shall make an application in writing to the Speaker.\"<\/i> \u2014 a WRITTEN application, not a verbal request (Option C \u2717).<br>\r\n<i>Rule 242(2) proviso: \"leave of absence applied for at any one time shall not exceed a period of sixty days.\"<\/i> \u2014 hence \"seventy-five days\" is not the yardstick (Option B \u2717).<br>\r\nThe Committee only RECOMMENDS; the House grants (Rule 327).`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 5,\r\n    year: \"2014\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements relating to the Committee on Absence of Members from the sittings of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. The Committee recommends to the House the period of leave to be granted to the Member.<br>2. The Committee grants leave to the Member.<br>3. This is a Standing Parliamentary Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\",\"3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT \u2713<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 326(1): \"The functions of the Committee shall be:\u2014 (i) to consider all applications from members for leave of absence from the sittings of the House; and (ii) to examine every case where a member has been absent for a period of sixty days or more, without permission...\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Rule 327: \"Where the Committee recommends that leave of absence be granted to a member or the absence be condoned, as the case may be, the pleasure of the House shall be taken by the Speaker...\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b><br>\r\nThe Committee cannot grant leave. It only RECOMMENDS; the HOUSE grants leave on that recommendation. Where leave is NOT recommended, a motion may be moved under <i>Rule 328<\/i> that the House agrees, agrees with amendment, or disagrees with the Committee.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: CORRECT \u2713<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 325: \"The Committee on Absence of Members from the sittings of the House shall consist of fifteen members nominated by the Speaker and shall hold office for a term not exceeding one year.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 6,\r\n    year: \"2014\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Accounts\",\r\n    question: \"The term of office of members of the Committee on Public Accounts of the Parliament is for\",\r\n    options: [\"five years\",\"one year\",\"two years\",\"three years\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) one year<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 309(2): \"The term of office of members of the Committee shall not exceed one year.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Read with the composition rule:<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 309(1): \"The Committee shall consist of not more than 22 members comprising 15 members who shall be elected by the House every year from amongst its members according to the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote and not more than 7 members of Rajya Sabha to be nominated by that House for being associated with the Committee...\"<\/i><br>\r\nThe words \"elected by the House every year\" and \"term ... shall not exceed one year\" work together \u2014 the Committee is reconstituted annually.`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 7,\r\n    year: \"2014\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Accounts\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Public Accounts consists of\",\r\n    options: [\"15 members from the Lok Sabha and 7 members from the Rajya Sabha\",\"20 members from the Lok Sabha and 20 members from the Rajya Sabha\",\"20 members from the Lok Sabha and 10 members from the Rajya Sabha\",\"30 members from the Lok Sabha and 15 members from the Rajya Sabha\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 15 members from the Lok Sabha and 7 members from the Rajya Sabha<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 309(1): \"The Committee shall consist of not more than 22 members comprising 15 members who shall be elected by the House every year from amongst its members according to the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote and not more than 7 members of Rajya Sabha to be nominated by that House for being associated with the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nLok Sabha: 15, ELECTED (PR by single transferable vote) | Rajya Sabha: not more than 7, NOMINATED by that House for association | Total ceiling: 22.<br>\r\n<i>Proviso to Rule 309(1):<\/i> a Minister shall not be elected a member, and a member who is appointed a Minister ceases to be a member from the date of such appointment.<br>\r\nThe Committee on Public Undertakings has an identical 22 (15+7) structure under Rule 312B(1).`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 8,\r\n    year: \"2014\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements about Departmentally Related Standing Committees of the Parliament is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"They are chaired by the Minister-in-Charge of the Department concerned\",\"Some of these Committees are serviced by the Lok Sabha Secretariat, while others are serviced by the Rajya Sabha Secretariat\",\"The term of the members of these Committees is coterminous with their term as a Member of the Parliament\",\"The Demands for Grants of a Ministry\/Department must be examined by the related Committee before it is presented to the Parliament\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Some Committees serviced by Lok Sabha Secretariat, others by Rajya Sabha Secretariat<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331D(3): \"The Chairperson of Committees as specified in Part I of Fifth Schedule shall be appointed by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha and Chairperson of Committees as specified in Part II of the said Schedule shall be appointed by the Speaker, from amongst the members of the Committees.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331J: \"Except for matters for which special provision is made in the rule relating to the Standing Committees, the general rules applicable to other Parliamentary Committees in Rajya Sabha shall apply mutatis mutandis to the Standing Committees specified in Part-I of the Fifth Schedule and the general rules applicable to other Parliamentary Committees in Lok Sabha shall apply to Standing Committees as specified in Part-II of the Schedule.\"<\/i><br>\r\nHence Part-I Committees are on the Rajya Sabha side and Part-II Committees on the Lok Sabha side \u2014 two Secretariats.<br><br>\r\n<b>Other statements are INCORRECT:<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331D(2):<\/i> a Minister shall NOT be nominated a member \u2014 so a Minister cannot chair (Option A \u2717).<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331D(4): \"The term of office of the members of the Committees shall not exceed one year.\"<\/i> \u2014 not coterminous with membership of the House (Option C \u2717).<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331E(1)(a)<\/i> read with <i>Rule 331G<\/i> \u2014 the Committees consider Demands AFTER the general discussion on the Budget, when the Houses are adjourned for a fixed period; examination is not a pre-condition to the presentation of the Demands (Option D \u2717).`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 9,\r\n    year: \"2014\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Accounts\",\r\n    question: \"The Chairman of the Committee on Public Accounts is\",\r\n    options: [\"appointed by the Speaker from amongst the members of the Lok Sabha elected to the Committee\",\"appointed by the Vice President from amongst the members of the Rajya Sabha only appointed by the President\",\"from amongst the members of either the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha\",\"elected by the members of the Committee\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) appointed by the Speaker from amongst the members of the Lok Sabha elected to the Committee<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 258(1): \"The Chairperson of a Committee shall be appointed by the Speaker from amongst members of the Committee: Provided that the Deputy Speaker, in case is a member of the Committee, shall be appointed as Chairperson of the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Key Point:<\/b> By convention the Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee is from the Opposition. He is APPOINTED by the Speaker (not elected by the Committee) and is drawn from the Lok Sabha members elected to the Committee \u2014 the Rajya Sabha members are only \"associated\" with it under Rule 309(1).`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 10,\r\n    year: \"2014\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions\",\r\n    question: \"Who is the Chairman of the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\"The Speaker\",\"The Deputy Speaker\",\"A Member elected by the members of the Committee from amongst its members\",\"A Member appointed by the Deputy Speaker\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) The Deputy Speaker<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 258(1) (proviso): \"Provided that the Deputy Speaker, in case is a member of the Committee, shall be appointed as Chairperson of the Committee.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Rule 293(1): \"There shall be a Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions consisting of not more than fifteen members.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Rule 293(2):<\/i> the Committee is nominated by the Speaker and holds office for a term not exceeding one year.<br><br>\r\n<b>Key Point:<\/b> The Deputy Speaker is invariably nominated to this Committee, and the proviso to Rule 258(1) then operates automatically \u2014 the appointment is not a matter of choice for the Speaker, nor of election by the Committee.`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 11,\r\n    year: \"2014\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Accounts\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Public Accounts cannot call for evidence of\",\r\n    options: [\"Representatives of the Ministries\",\"Ministers\",\"NGOs\",\"Experts\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Ministers<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Parliamentary Convention:<\/b> The Committee on Public Accounts does NOT summon Ministers as witnesses. The Committee examines expenditure ALREADY incurred; the Secretary of the Ministry appears as the departmental witness and answers as the Accounting Authority.<br><br>\r\nThe general power to take evidence is undoubted \u2014 <i>Rule 269(1): \"A witness may be summoned by an order signed by the Secretary-General and shall produce such documents as are required for the use of a Committee.\"<\/i> and <i>Rule 270:<\/i> \"A Committee shall have power to send for persons, papers and records\" \u2014 and it is exercised in respect of officials, experts and interested bodies.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rationale:<\/b> Ministers are collectively responsible to the House as a whole (Article 75(3)); summoning a Minister before a Committee of the House would cut across that collective responsibility.`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 12,\r\n    year: \"2014\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Estimates\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements about the Committee on Estimates:<br>1. Members of the Committee are drawn from both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.<br>2. The maximum number of members of the Committee is 30.<br>3. The members are nominated by the Speaker and the Chairman.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1, 2 and 3\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"2 only\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 311(1): \"The Committee shall consist of not more than thirty members who shall be elected by the House every year from amongst its members according to the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.\"<\/i><br>\r\nThe Committee on Estimates is a purely LOK SABHA Committee \u2014 unlike the PAC (Rule 309) and the CPU (Rule 312B), it has NO Rajya Sabha association.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT \u2713<\/b> \u2014 \"not more than thirty members\" (Rule 311(1)). It is the largest of the three Financial Committees.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b> \u2014 members are ELECTED by the Lok Sabha by proportional representation through the single transferable vote, not nominated by the Speaker (still less by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha).<br>\r\n<i>Proviso to Rule 311(1):<\/i> a Minister shall not be elected a member, and ceases to be one on being appointed a Minister.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 311(2):<\/i> the term shall not exceed one year.`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 13,\r\n    year: \"2014\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"The quorum required to constitute the sittings of a Parliamentary Committee is\",\r\n    options: [\"one-half of the total membership\",\"one-third of the total membership\",\"one-fourth of the total membership\",\"two-third of the total membership\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) one-third of the total membership<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 259(1): \"The quorum to constitute a sitting of a Committee shall be, as near as may be, one-third of the total number of members of the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 259(2): \"If at any time fixed for any sitting of the Committee, or if at any time during any such sitting, there is no quorum, the Chairperson of the Committee shall either suspend the sitting until there is a quorum or adjourn the sitting to some future day.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 259(3):<\/i> where the Committee has been adjourned for want of quorum on TWO SUCCESSIVE dates fixed for its sittings, the Chairperson shall report the fact to the House (or, where the Committee was appointed by the Speaker, to the Speaker).<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast:<\/b> the quorum of the HOUSE is one-tenth of its total number of members (Article 100(3)).`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 14,\r\n    year: \"2015\",\r\n    chapter: \"Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements with regard to Business Advisory Committee of Lok Sabha is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"Minutes of the Committee are not laid on the Table of the House.\",\"Minutes of the Committee are laid on the Table of the House.\",\"The Deputy Speaker is the Chairman of the Committee.\",\"The Committee undertakes study visits.\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Minutes of the Committee are not laid on the Table of the House<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Business Advisory Committee proceeds by consensus and informal discussion; its MINUTES are not laid on the Table. Only its RECOMMENDATIONS come before the House, and they come as a report.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 289: \"The recommendations of the Committee shall be presented to the House in the form of a report.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Rule 290:<\/i> a motion may then be moved that the House agrees, agrees with amendments, or disagrees with the report; an amendment may be moved to refer the report back; not more than half an hour is allotted and no member may speak for more than five minutes.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 290A:<\/i> the allocation of time as approved takes effect as if it were an order of the House and is notified in the Bulletin.<br><br>\r\n<b>Why the others fail:<\/b> (B) minutes, as distinct from the report, are not laid; (C) <i>Rule 287<\/i> makes the SPEAKER the Chairperson; (D) the BAC allocates time for business \u2014 study visits belong to Committees such as the Estimates Committee and the DRSCs.`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 15,\r\n    year: \"2015\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. When the report of a Parliamentary Committee is to be presented to the House, an entry is made in the List of Business.<br>2. The Chairman presents the report of a Parliamentary Committee to the Speaker when Lok Sabha is in session.<br>3. The Chairman presents the report of a Parliamentary Committee to the House when Lok Sabha is in session.<br>4. The report of the Public Accounts Committee of Parliament is laid on the Tables of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 3 and 4\",\"3 and 4 only\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 3 and 4<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: CORRECT \u2713<\/b><br>\r\nWhen a Committee report is to be presented, an entry is made in the List of Business for that day.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT \u2717 \/ Statement 3: CORRECT \u2713<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 279(1): \"The report of a Committee shall be presented to the House by the Chairperson or in the absence of the Chairperson by any member of the Committee.\"<\/i><br>\r\nThe report goes to the HOUSE, not to the Speaker. <i>Rule 279(2):<\/i> in presenting the report, any remarks made must be confined to a brief statement of fact, and there is no debate at that stage.<br>\r\n(Exception worth noting: the report of the Committee on ETHICS is presented to the Speaker, who may direct that it be laid on the Table \u2014 Rule 316D(2).)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 4: CORRECT \u2713<\/b><br>\r\nSince the PAC has members of the Rajya Sabha associated with it under <i>Rule 309(1)<\/i>, its report is laid on the Tables of BOTH Houses.`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 16,\r\n    year: \"2016-17\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is not correct with regard to quorum of Lok Sabha Parliamentary Committees?\",\r\n    options: [\"Quorum of the House is one-tenth of the total members of the House.\",\"Quorum of a Parliamentary Committee is, as near as may be, one-third of its total members.\",\"The House\/Committee cannot commence its sitting without ensuring quorum.\",\"Quorum is ensured only when it is pointed out by a member.\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) \"Quorum is ensured only when it is pointed out by a member\" \u2014 THIS IS NOT CORRECT<\/b><br><br>\r\nQuorum is a condition for the valid constitution of a sitting. It is not something that comes into existence only when a member draws attention to its absence.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Article 100(3): \"Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the quorum to constitute a meeting of either House of Parliament shall be one-tenth of the total number of members of the House.\"<\/i> (A \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 259(1): \"The quorum to constitute a sitting of a Committee shall be, as near as may be, one-third of the total number of members of the Committee.\"<\/i> (B \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 259(2): \"If at any time fixed for any sitting of the Committee, or if at any time during any such sitting, there is no quorum, the Chairperson of the Committee shall either suspend the sitting until there is a quorum or adjourn the sitting to some future day.\"<\/i> (C \u2713)`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 17,\r\n    year: \"2019-20\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Estimates\",\r\n    question: \"The committee responsible for scrutinizing the Annual Budget of the Government is known as the\",\r\n    options: [\"Committee on Public Accounts\",\"Committee on Estimates\",\"Committee on Subordinate Legislation\",\"Committee on Rules\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Committee on Estimates.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 310:<\/b> <i>\"There shall be a Committee on Estimates for the examination of such of the estimates as may seem fit to the Committee or are specifically referred to it by the House or the Speaker ...\"<\/i> \u2014 it scrutinises the estimates (Budget) and suggests economies. (The PAC, by contrast, examines accounts of expenditure already incurred.)`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 18,\r\n    year: \"2019-20\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Ethics\",\r\n    question: \"Which constitutional body is responsible for conducting enquiries and taking appropriate action in cases of violation of the Code of Conduct by MPs?\",\r\n    options: [\"The Election Commission of India\",\"The Lok Sabha Speaker\",\"The Rajya Sabha Chairman\",\"The Ethics Committee of the Parliament\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) the Ethics Committee of Parliament.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 316B<\/b> (Committee on Ethics): among its functions is to <i>examine every complaint relating to unethical conduct of a member of Lok Sabha referred to it by the Speaker and make such recommendations as it may deem fit<\/i>, read with <b>Rule 316C<\/b> on its procedure (preliminary inquiry, prima facie case, detailed examination).`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 19,\r\n    year: \"2021-22\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Who among the following determines the functions of the committees in the Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\"Speaker of Lok Sabha\",\"President of India\",\"Council of Ministers\",\"Rules Committee of Lok Sabha\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Speaker of Lok Sabha.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Committees work under the direction of the Speaker, who constitutes them, appoints their Chairpersons and gives them directions. <b>Rule 253<\/b> read with <b>rule 2<\/b>: a Parliamentary Committee is one which <i>works under the direction of the Speaker ...<\/i>; <b>Rule 283(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Speaker may from time to time issue such directions to the Chairperson of a Committee as the Speaker considers necessary, for regulating the procedure and the organisation of its work.\"<\/i> (and Rule 258 on appointment of Chairpersons).`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 20,\r\n    year: \"2021-22\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Accounts\",\r\n    question: \"The Public Accounts Committee consists of not more than:\",\r\n    options: [\"22 Members, 15 Members elected by Lok Sabha and not more than 7 Members elected by Rajya Sabha.\",\"23 Members, 16 Members elected by Lok Sabha and not more than 7 Members elected by Rajya Sabha.\",\"22 Members, 7 Members elected by Lok Sabha and not more than 15 Members elected by Rajya Sabha.\",\"23 Members, 7 Members elected by Lok Sabha and not more than 16 Members elected by Rajya Sabha.\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 22 Members \u2014 15 (Lok Sabha) + not more than 7 (Rajya Sabha).<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 309(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Committee shall consist of not more than 22 members comprising 15 members who shall be elected by the House every year ... and not more than 7 members of Rajya Sabha to be nominated by that House for being associated with the Committee ...\"<\/i> (Rajya Sabha members are nominated by that House.)`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 21,\r\n    year: \"2023\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Accounts\",\r\n    question: \"The Chairperson of Public Accounts Committee is appointed by\",\r\n    options: [\"Speaker of Lok Sabha\",\"President of India\",\"Chief Justice of India\",\"Chairman of Rajya Sabha\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Speaker of Lok Sabha.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 258(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Chairperson of a Committee shall be appointed by the Speaker from amongst members of the Committee ...\"<\/i> By convention the PAC Chairperson is chosen from the Opposition, and is appointed by the Speaker.`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 22,\r\n    year: \"2016-17\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules (adjacent \u2014 tagged Misc. in source)\",\r\n    question: \"Which of the following statements is\/are correct with regard to Lok Sabha?<br>1. The procedure for summoning of Lok Sabha for an emergency session is generally not same as for a regular session.<br>2. The assurances given by Ministers on the floor of the House, which are pending for implementation are deemed not to lapse on the dissolution of the Lok Sabha.<br>3. Business pending before parliamentary committees of the Lok Sabha do not lapse on dissolution of Lok Sabha.<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 3 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"2 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 1: INCORRECT.<\/b> The procedure for summoning the House for an emergency\/special session is essentially the same as for a regular session \u2014 the President summons it under <b>Article 85(1).<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: CORRECT.<\/b> Assurances pending implementation are, by settled practice, deemed not to lapse on dissolution; they are pursued by the Committee on Government Assurances of the new House.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT.<\/b> <b>Rule 284<\/b> protects Committee business only against <i>prorogation<\/i>: <i>\"Any business pending before a Committee shall not lapse by reason only of the prorogation of the House ...\"<\/i> \u2014 not against dissolution. On dissolution, <b>Rule 285<\/b> applies (unfinished work reported; material made available to the new Committee).`\r\n  },\r\n \r\n  {\r\n    id: 23,\r\n    year: \"2016-17\",\r\n    chapter: \"Railway Convention Committee (adjacent \u2014 tagged Misc. in source)\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is not correct with regard to the Railway Convention Committee?\",\r\n    options: [\"It is a Committee constituted by the Minister of Railways.\",\"It is an ad hoc Committee of Parliament to review the rate of dividend which is payable by the Railways to the general revenues.\",\"It suggests the level of appropriation to various Railway funds.\",\"Minister of Finance is a nominated member of the Railway Convention Committee.\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Railway Convention Committee is an ad hoc Committee constituted by <b>Parliament<\/b> (through a motion), not by the Minister of Railways. It is not a Committee provided for by Chapter XXVI of the Rules; it is set up by motion and its functions are those recognised by practice \u2014 to review the rate of dividend payable by the Railways to the General Revenues and to advise on appropriations to Railway funds. The Ministers of Railways and of Finance are associated with it. Options B, C and D are correct.`\r\n  }\r\n   \r\n\r\n];\r\n\r\nconst conceptQuestions = [\r\n\r\n\/* =============================================================================\r\n   PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES \u2014 FILE B of B\r\n   COMPLETE PRACTICE BANK  (every question we built on this topic)\r\n\r\n   Chapter XXVI, Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha\r\n   (Rules 253-331Q), read with the Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract on\r\n   Parliamentary Committees, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\r\n   CSS ADDA \/ PromotionExams\r\n\r\n   COUNT : 246 questions\r\n   -------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n   SECTION 1  ids   1- 50   Rule-based bank, de-duplicated .............. 50\r\n   SECTION 2  ids  51-100   Provisions no PYQ has yet touched ........... 50\r\n   SECTION 3  ids 101-145   From the Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract ..... 45\r\n   SECTION 4  ids 146-190   Rule-recital to value format ................ 45\r\n   SECTION 5  ids 191-246   Clause-level, comparative and residual ...... 56\r\n                                                                        ---\r\n                                                                        246\r\n   -------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n   WHAT EACH SECTION IS\r\n\r\n   SECTION 1 - the original 94-item bank after de-duplication. 28 items were\r\n   removed: 15 reworded clones of a PYQ (their citations merged into the PYQ\r\n   original, which now sits in FILE A) and 13 one-line items whose whole\r\n   content was already a numbered statement inside a retained item. The\r\n   16 PYQs that were part of that bank have been moved to FILE A, so this\r\n   section carries the 50 rule-based items that remain. Option order was\r\n   re-sequenced throughout, because in the source every one of these items\r\n   was keyed to the same option letter.\r\n\r\n   SECTION 2 - built only on provisions that no previous year paper has ever\r\n   touched: Rules 254(2), 255 Explanation, 256, 259(3), 260 proviso, 263(2),\r\n   264 provisos, 265, 269-275, 277(3), 278-283, 290-291, 294(1)(d), 296-297,\r\n   300-305, 307, 308(1)\/(2)(b)-(c)\/(3), 310 proviso, 312A proviso, 314(2),\r\n   316, 316C, 316F, 327-328, 331, 331G, 331H, 331K, 331M, 331Q.\r\n\r\n   SECTION 3 - drawn from the Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract, which carries\r\n   a layer the Rules do not: the 1919 origins, the Standing v. Ad hoc\r\n   classification, the JPCs with their years, the consolidated membership\r\n   table, the Committees created outside Chapter XXVI (General Purposes,\r\n   House, Library, Offices of Profit, Salaries and Allowances), the 24 DRSCs\r\n   with the 16:8 split of administrative control, the press embargo, the\r\n   self-declaration of interest, and the effect of dissolution.\r\n   Four Abstract-versus-Rules conflicts are flagged inside the relevant\r\n   explanations - Committee on Petitions (\"15\" v. \"not less than fifteen\"),\r\n   chairpersonship, declaration of interest, and the citation \"Rules 253 to\r\n   331N\" where the Chapter in fact runs to 331Q.\r\n\r\n   SECTION 4 - the format the Commission used at Q31, Q34 and Q37 of the 2025\r\n   paper: the rule is recited almost word for word in the stem and the\r\n   operative value is lifted out into the options. Applied systematically to\r\n   every quantum, fraction, period and Schedule reference in Chapter XXVI.\r\n   Distractors are built the Commission's own three ways - the other number in\r\n   the same rule, the corresponding number in a neighbouring Committee's rule,\r\n   or the arithmetically adjacent value. No distractor is invented.\r\n\r\n   SECTION 5 - added after an audit showed that 73 of the 109 rules in the\r\n   Chapter had never been the primary focus of a question, and that two rules\r\n   (321 and 331F) had not been cited anywhere at all. This section works at\r\n   CLAUSE level - the individual clauses of Rules 255, 273, 294(1), 305B(1),\r\n   308(2), 310, 312A, 320, 331A, 331E and 331P - and picks up the rules that\r\n   had been left as background: 253, 261, 269(2), 272, 278, 280, 281, 282,\r\n   288(3), 289, 290A, 291, 297, 302, 304, 305, 307A, 316B, 316D, 316E, 316F,\r\n   321, 322, 329, 331F, 331H, 331I, 331J, 331K, 331N. It closes with\r\n   comparative and matched-pair items (constituting rules, ex-officio\r\n   chairpersonships, Gazette v. Bulletin, the day-to-day administration bars,\r\n   the anti-overlap provisions, the Rajya Sabha strengths, the time-limits)\r\n   and a further set from the Abstract (Standing Advisory Committees of 1919,\r\n   the 2003 JPC, the ad hoc Committees of 2007 and 1993, the Library\r\n   Committee, the General Purposes Committee, the House Committee).\r\n\r\n   Sections 3 and 4 deliberately revisit some facts that Sections 1 and 2 also\r\n   test, but always in a different format - recognition in one, recall in the\r\n   other. Beyond that, no two questions in this file test the same point in\r\n   the same way.\r\n\r\n   Each item carries a 'source' field naming its section.\r\n   ============================================================================= *\/\r\n\r\n\r\n  \/* ===== SECTION 1 - Chapter XXVI, rule-based (de-duplicated) - ids 1-50 ===== *\/\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 1,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to the appointment of the Chairperson of a Parliamentary Committee?\",\r\n    options: [\"If the Chairperson is absent from any sitting, the Speaker shall appoint another Chairperson for that sitting.\",\"The Chairperson is appointed by the Speaker from amongst the members of the Committee.\",\"If the Deputy Speaker is a member of the Committee, he\/she shall be appointed as its Chairperson.\",\"If the Chairperson is for any reason unable to act, the Speaker may appoint another Chairperson in his\/her place.\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 258(3): \"If the Chairperson is absent from any sitting, the Committee shall choose another member to act as Chairperson for that sitting.\"<\/i><br>\r\nFor a single sitting it is the COMMITTEE that chooses; the Speaker does not step in.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 258(1): \"The Chairperson of a Committee shall be appointed by the Speaker from amongst members of the Committee: Provided that the Deputy Speaker, in case is a member of the Committee, shall be appointed as Chairperson of the Committee.\"<\/i> (B \u2713 and C \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 258(2): \"If the Chairperson is for any reason unable to act, the Speaker may appoint another Chairperson in her or his place.\"<\/i> (D \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Distinction to remember:<\/b> inability to act (a continuing incapacity) \u2192 SPEAKER appoints; absence from one sitting \u2192 COMMITTEE chooses.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 2,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"A member appointed, elected or nominated to fill a casual vacancy in a Parliamentary Committee shall hold office for\",\r\n    options: [\"a fresh full term from the date of his\/her appointment\",\"the unexpired portion of the term of the member in whose place he\/she is appointed\",\"the remainder of the financial year\",\"a period of one year from the date of appointment\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) The unexpired portion of the term<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 254(3): \"Casual vacancies in a Committee shall be filled by appointment or election by the House on a motion made, or nomination by the Speaker, as the case may be, and any member appointed, elected or nominated to fill such vacancy shall hold office for the unexpired portion of the term for which the member in whose place a member to fill the casual vacancy is appointed, elected or nominated would have normally held office.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe principle: the vacancy is filled in the SAME manner in which the original seat was filled (election by the House on a motion, or nomination by the Speaker), and the successor inherits only the balance of the predecessor's term \u2014 the annual cycle of the Committee is not disturbed.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 3,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"An objection is taken to a member's inclusion in a Committee on the ground of a personal, pecuniary or direct interest. Which one of the following statements is NOT correct in this regard?\",\r\n    options: [\"The decision of the Speaker on the objection shall be final.\",\"Until the Speaker gives the decision, the member concerned may take part in the discussion but shall not be entitled to vote.\",\"The proceedings of the sitting of the Committee at which such member was present shall stand invalidated by the decision of the Speaker.\",\"If the Speaker holds that the member has such an interest, the member shall cease to be a member forthwith.\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 255 (proviso): \"Provided that the proceedings of the sitting of the Committee at which such member was present shall not in any way be affected by the decision of the Speaker.\"<\/i><br>\r\nPast proceedings are expressly SAVED \u2014 they are not invalidated.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 255(d):<\/i> the Speaker, after considering the evidence tendered, gives a decision \"which shall be final.\" (A \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 255(e):<\/i> until that decision the member \"shall continue to be a member thereof if elected or nominated and take part in discussion, but shall not be entitled to vote.\" (B \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 255(f):<\/i> if the Speaker holds that the member has such an interest, \"that member shall cease to be a member thereof forthwith.\" (D \u2713)`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 4,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"A member resigns his\/her seat on a Committee by a letter addressed to the Speaker. Consider the following statements:<br>1. Where the letter specifies a date of effect, the resignation takes effect from that specified date.<br>2. Where no date of effect is specified but the letter is dated, the resignation takes effect from the date of the letter.<br>3. Where the letter bears no date at all, the resignation takes effect from the date of receipt of the letter in the Lok Sabha Secretariat.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 257(1):<\/i> a member may resign his seat on a Committee by writing under his own hand addressed to the Speaker, in the prescribed form.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 257(2): \"The resignation shall take effect from the date of resignation specified in the letter of resignation.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 257(3): \"If the date from which the resignation should take effect is not specified in the letter, the resignation shall take effect from the date of the letter.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 257(4): \"If the letter of resignation does not bear any date, the resignation shall take effect from the date of receipt of the letter in the Lok Sabha Secretariat.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Mnemonic \u2014 descending order of certainty:<\/b> specified date \u2192 date of letter \u2192 date of receipt.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 5,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"A member may be discharged from a Parliamentary Committee, on a motion moved in the House, if he\/she is absent, without the permission of the Chairperson, from\",\r\n    options: [\"two or more consecutive sittings of the Committee\",\"three or more consecutive sittings of the Committee\",\"five or more consecutive sittings of the Committee\",\"sittings of the Committee for a period of sixty days\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Two or more consecutive sittings<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 260: \"If a member is absent from two or more consecutive sittings of a Committee without the permission of the Chairperson, a motion may be moved in the House for the discharge of such member from the Committee.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Proviso to Rule 260:<\/i> \"where the members of the Committee are nominated by the Speaker such member may be discharged by the Speaker\" \u2014 i.e. no motion in the House is needed for a Speaker-nominated Committee.<br><br>\r\n<b>Do not confuse:<\/b> the \"sixty days\" figure in Option D belongs to ABSENCE FROM THE SITTINGS OF THE HOUSE under Article 101(4) and Rule 326(1)(ii) \u2014 an entirely different matter.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 6,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding decisions in a Committee:<br>1. All questions at any sitting of a Committee are determined by a majority of votes of the members present and voting.<br>2. In the case of an equality of votes, the Chairperson or the person acting as such shall have a second or casting vote.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 only\",\"Both 1 and 2\",\"2 only\",\"Neither 1 nor 2\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 261: \"All questions at any sitting of a Committee shall be determined by a majority of votes of the members present and voting.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 262: \"In the case of an equality of votes on any matter, the Chairperson or the person acting as such, shall have a second or casting vote.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the difference from the House:<\/b> under Article 100(1) the Speaker does NOT vote in the first instance and has only a casting vote. In a Committee the Chairperson votes as an ordinary member AND has a casting vote in addition \u2014 hence the words \"a second or casting vote\", which extend to any member \"acting as such\" under Rule 258(2) or 258(3).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 7,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding sub-Committees:<br>1. A Committee may appoint one or more sub-Committees, each having the powers of the undivided Committee.<br>2. The reports of such sub-Committees are deemed to be the reports of the whole Committee only if they are approved at a sitting of the whole Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 only\",\"2 only\",\"Both 1 and 2\",\"Neither 1 nor 2\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 263(1): \"A Committee may appoint one or more sub-Committees, each having the powers of the undivided Committee, to examine any matters that may be referred to them and the reports of such sub-committees shall be deemed to be the reports of the whole Committee, if they are approved at a sitting of the whole Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 263(2): \"The order of reference to a sub-Committee shall clearly state the point or points for investigation.\"<\/i> \u2014 the terms of reference of a sub-Committee must be precise; it does not inherit the parent Committee's subject-matter at large, only its POWERS.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 8,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to the sittings of a Parliamentary Committee?\",\r\n    options: [\"The sittings of a Committee shall be held in private.\",\"The sittings shall be held within the precincts of the Parliament House, and any change of place to outside the Parliament House is referred to the Speaker, whose decision is final.\",\"When the Committee is deliberating, all persons other than the members of the Committee and officers of the Lok Sabha Secretariat shall withdraw.\",\"Accredited press correspondents are entitled to be present while the Committee is deliberating.\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 268: \"All persons other than members of the Committee and officers of the Lok Sabha Secretariat shall withdraw whenever the Committee is deliberating.\"<\/i><br>\r\nPress correspondents are \"strangers\" for this purpose and must withdraw; there is no accreditation exception.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 266: \"The sittings of a Committee shall be held in private.\"<\/i> (A \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 267:<\/i> sittings are held within the precincts of the Parliament House and, if it becomes necessary to change the place of sitting to outside the Parliament House, the matter is referred to the Speaker whose decision shall be final. (B \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 268<\/i> itself. (C \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Related:<\/b> <i>Rule 265<\/i> \u2014 a Committee may sit while the House is sitting, but on a division being called in the House the Chairperson shall suspend the proceedings of the Committee for such time as will enable the members to vote.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 9,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding witnesses and documents before a Parliamentary Committee:<br>1. A witness may be summoned by an order signed by the Secretary-General.<br>2. The Government may decline to produce a document on the ground that its disclosure would be prejudicial to the safety or interest of the State.<br>3. A verbatim record of the proceedings of the Committee shall be kept whenever a witness is summoned to give evidence.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1, 2 and 3\",\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 269(1): \"A witness may be summoned by an order signed by the Secretary-General and shall produce such documents as are required for the use of a Committee.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 270 (second proviso): \"Provided further that Government may decline to produce a document on the ground that its disclosure would be prejudicial to the safety or interest of the State.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 273(v): \"A verbatim record of proceedings of the Committee shall, when a witness is summoned to give evidence, be kept.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Also under Rule 270 (first proviso):<\/b> if a question arises whether the evidence of a person or the production of a document is relevant for the purposes of the Committee, the question is referred to the Speaker, whose decision shall be final.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 10,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is correct with regard to a special report of a Parliamentary Committee?\",\r\n    options: [\"A Committee may make a special report only on matters that fall squarely within its terms of reference.\",\"A Committee may make a special report on a matter arising in the course of its work even though the matter does not fall within, or is not incidental to, its terms of reference.\",\"A special report can be made only with the prior approval of the House.\",\"A special report can be made only after the final report has been presented.\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 276: \"A Committee may, if it thinks fit, make a special report on any matter that arises or comes to light in the course of its work which it may consider necessary to bring to the notice of the Speaker or the House, notwithstanding that such matter is not directly connected with, or does not fall within or is not incidental to, its terms of reference.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThree points the rule settles: (i) the matter must arise or come to light IN THE COURSE OF ITS WORK; (ii) the terms of reference are no bar; (iii) the report may be addressed to the Speaker OR the House. No prior approval of the House is required, and it is independent of the final report.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 11,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. Business pending before a Committee shall not lapse by reason only of the prorogation of the House.<br>2. A Committee unable to complete its work before the dissolution of the House may report that fact to the House, and its material is made available to the new Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 only\",\"2 only\",\"Both 1 and 2\",\"Neither 1 nor 2\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 284: \"Any business pending before a Committee shall not lapse by reason only of the prorogation of the House and the Committee shall continue to function notwithstanding such prorogation.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 285: \"A Committee which is unable to complete its work before the expiration of its term or before the dissolution of the House may report to the House that the Committee has not been able to complete its work. Any preliminary report, memorandum or note that the Committee may have prepared or any evidence that the Committee may have taken shall be made available to the new Committee.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>The distinction to hold on to:<\/b> PROROGATION does not kill pending business (Rule 284); DISSOLUTION (or expiry of the term) does end the Committee, and Rule 285 provides only for continuity of MATERIAL, not of the business itself.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 12,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Where a provision in the special rules relating to a particular Committee is inconsistent with the general rules applicable to Parliamentary Committees,\",\r\n    options: [\"the general rules shall prevail\",\"the Speaker shall decide in each case which shall prevail\",\"the inconsistent provision shall be void\",\"the special rules relating to that Committee shall prevail\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) The special rules shall prevail<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 286: \"...the general rules in this Chapter shall apply to all Committees; and if and so far as any provision in the special rules relating to a Committee is inconsistent with the general rules, the former rules shall prevail.\"<\/i><br>\r\n(\"the former rules\" = the SPECIAL rules relating to that Committee.)<br><br>\r\n<b>Illustration:<\/b> the general rule on presentation of a report is one month (Rule 277(1)); for a Select Committee on a Bill the special rule gives three months (proviso to Rule 303(1)) \u2014 and the special rule governs.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 13,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the working of the Business Advisory Committee of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. It may indicate in the proposed time-table the different hours at which the various stages of a Bill or other business shall be completed.<br>2. Once approved by the House, the allocation of time takes effect as if it were an order of the House and is notified in the Bulletin.<br>3. After the allocation of time has taken effect, the Speaker may, without any motion being moved, increase the time by a period not exceeding one hour after taking the sense of the House.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1, 2 and 3\",\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 288(2): \"The Committee shall have the power to indicate in the proposed time-table the different hours at which the various stages of the Bill or other business shall be completed.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 290A: \"The allocation of time in respect of Bills and other business as approved by the House shall take effect as if it were an order of the House and shall be notified in the Bulletin.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 292: \"No variation in the Allocation of Time Order shall be made except on a motion made, with the consent of the Speaker, and accepted by the House: Provided that the Speaker may, after taking the sense of the House, increase the time, not exceeding one hour, without any motion being moved.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Related:<\/b> <i>Rule 291<\/i> \u2014 at the appointed hour under the Allocation of Time Order, the Speaker shall FORTHWITH put every question necessary to dispose of all outstanding matters at that stage (the \"guillotine\").<br>\r\n<b>Explanation to Rule 288:<\/b> \"other business\" excludes private members' Bills under rule 65 and private members' resolutions under rule 170 \u2014 those are dealt with by the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 14,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the functions of the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions:<br>1. It examines every Bill seeking to amend the Constitution, given notice of by a private member, before a motion for leave to introduce the Bill is included in the list of business.<br>2. It classifies private members' Bills, after introduction, into two categories, namely category A and category B.<br>3. It recommends the time-limit for the discussion of private members' resolutions.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 294(1)(a): \"to examine every Bill seeking to amend the Constitution notice of which has been given by a private member, before a motion for leave to introduce the Bill is included in the list of business.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 294(1)(b):<\/i> to examine private members' Bills after introduction and before they come up for consideration, and \"to classify them according to their nature, urgency and importance into two categories namely, category A and category B.\" (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 294(1)(e): \"to recommend time-limit for the discussion of private members' resolutions and other ancillary matters.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Also under Rule 294(1):<\/b> clause (c) \u2014 to recommend the time to be allotted for each stage of each private member's Bill; clause (d) \u2014 to examine every private member's Bill opposed on the ground that it initiates legislation outside the legislative competence of the House, where the Speaker considers the objection prima facie tenable.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 15,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Select Committees on Bills\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding a Select Committee on a Bill:<br>1. The members of a Select Committee are appointed by the House when the motion that the Bill be referred to a Select Committee is made.<br>2. A member who is not a member of the Select Committee may be present during its deliberations but shall not address the Committee or sit in its body.<br>3. A Minister who is not a member of the Committee may, with the permission of the Chairperson, address the Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 298: \"The members of a Select Committee on a Bill shall be appointed by the House when a motion that the Bill be referred to a Select Committee is made.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 299: \"Members who are not members of the Select Committee may be present during the deliberations of the Committee but shall not address the Committee or sit in the body of the Committee.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 299 (proviso): \"Provided that a Minister may with the permission of the Chairperson address the Committee of which such Minister may not be a member.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the contrast with Rule 268:<\/b> the general rule excludes all strangers when a Committee deliberates, but members of the House are not strangers before a Select Committee \u2014 they may be present, though silent.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 16,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Select Committees on Bills\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the report of a Select Committee on a Bill:<br>1. Where the House has not fixed any time, the report shall be presented before the expiry of three months from the date on which the House adopted the motion for reference of the Bill.<br>2. A minute of dissent shall be couched in temperate and decorous language and shall not cast aspersion on the Committee.<br>3. The report of the Select Committee and the Bill as reported by it shall be published in the Gazette.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 303(1) (proviso): \"Provided that where the House has not fixed any time for the presentation of the report by a Select Committee, the report shall be presented before the expiry of three months from the date on which the House adopted the motion for the reference of the Bill to the Select Committee.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713) \u2014 note that this special rule displaces the one-month default of Rule 277(1), by operation of Rule 286.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 303(5): \"A minute of dissent shall be couched in temperate and decorous language and shall not refer to any discussion in the Select Committee nor cast aspersion on the Committee.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713) \u2014 and where words are unparliamentary or otherwise inappropriate, the Speaker may order them to be expunged from the minute of dissent.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 305:<\/i> the Secretary-General shall cause every report of a Select Committee to be printed and made available for the use of every member; \"The report, and the Bill, as reported by the Select Committee, shall be published in the Gazette.\" (3 \u2713)`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 17,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Papers Laid on the Table\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on Papers Laid on the Table:<br>1. It examines all papers laid on the Table by Ministers and reports whether there has been any unreasonable delay in laying the paper.<br>2. It reports whether both the Hindi and English versions of the paper have been laid on the Table.<br>3. A member wishing to raise any of these matters shall refer it to the Committee and shall not raise it in the House.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1, 2 and 3\",\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 305B(1)(b): \"whether there has been any unreasonable delay in laying the paper.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 305B(1)(d): \"whether both the Hindi and English versions of the paper have been laid on the Table.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 305C: \"A member wishing to raise any of the matters referred to in sub-rule (1) of rule 305B shall refer it to the Committee and not raise it in the House.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>The other heads under Rule 305B(1):<\/b> (a) whether there has been compliance with the provisions of the Constitution, Act, rule or regulation under which the paper has been laid; (c) if there has been delay, whether a statement explaining the reasons has been laid on the Table and whether those reasons are satisfactory.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 305A(1):<\/i> the Committee consists of not more than 15 members, nominated by the Speaker for a term not exceeding one year.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 18,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Petitions\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on Petitions of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. It shall consist of not less than fifteen members.<br>2. A Minister shall not be nominated a member of the Committee.<br>3. It may take evidence of experts or interested parties on the petitions or representations.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 306: \"At the commencement of the House, or from time to time, as the case may be, the Speaker shall nominate a Committee on Petitions consisting of not less than fifteen members.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<b>This is the one Committee in the Chapter that uses \"NOT LESS THAN\" fifteen \u2014 every other fifteen-member Committee uses \"not more than\" (and the Absence Committee uses a flat \"fifteen\"). A favourite discrimination in the examination.<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 306 (proviso): \"Provided that a Minister shall not be nominated a member of the Committee, and where a member, after nomination to the Committee is appointed a Minister, such member shall cease to be a member of the Committee from the date of such appointment.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 307A(1):<\/i> the Committee may take evidence of experts or interested parties on the petitions\/representations on their own initiative or on requests made; <i>Rule 307A(2):<\/i> it may also avail of public opinion. (3 \u2713)`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 19,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Accounts\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on Public Accounts:<br>1. In scrutinising the Appropriation Accounts, it satisfies itself that the moneys shown as disbursed were legally available for, and applicable to, the purpose to which they have been applied.<br>2. Where money has been spent in excess of the amount granted, it examines the circumstances leading to such excess.<br>3. It exercises its functions in relation to such public undertakings as are allotted to the Committee on Public Undertakings.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1 and 2 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 308(2)(a):<\/i> in scrutinising the Appropriation Accounts of the Government of India and the report of the Comptroller and Auditor-General thereon, the Committee satisfies itself \"that the moneys shown in the accounts as having been disbursed were legally available for, and applicable to, the service or purpose to which they have been applied or charged.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 308(4): \"If any money has been spent on any service during a financial year in excess of the amount granted by the House for that purpose, the Committee shall examine with reference to the facts of each case the circumstances leading to such an excess and make such recommendation as it may deem fit.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Proviso to Rule 308(4): \"Provided that the Committee shall not exercise its functions in relation to such public undertakings as are allotted to the Committee on Public Undertakings by these rules or by the Speaker.\"<\/i><br>\r\nAn identical bar applies to the Committee on Estimates under the proviso to Rule 310.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 20,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Estimates\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the functions of the Committee on Estimates:<br>1. To report what economies, improvements in organisation, efficiency or administrative reform, consistent with the policy underlying the estimates, may be effected.<br>2. To suggest the form in which the estimates shall be presented to Parliament.<br>3. It is incumbent on the Committee to examine the entire estimates of any one year before the Demands for Grants are voted.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\",\"1 and 2 only\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 310(a): \"to report what economies, improvements in organisation, efficiency or administrative reform, consistent with the policy underlying the estimates, may be effected.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 310(d): \"to suggest the form in which the estimates shall be presented to Parliament.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n(The remaining functions: <i>Rule 310(b)<\/i> to suggest alternative policies to bring about efficiency and economy in administration; <i>Rule 310(c)<\/i> to examine whether the money is well laid out within the limits of the policy implied in the estimates.)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 312: \"The Committee may continue the examination of the estimates from time to time throughout the financial year and report to the House as its examination proceeds. It shall not be incumbent on the Committee to examine the entire estimates of any one year. The Demands for Grants may be finally voted notwithstanding the fact that the Committee has made no report.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 21,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Undertakings\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on Public Undertakings:<br>1. It examines the working of the public undertakings specified in the Fourth Schedule.<br>2. It examines whether the affairs of the public undertakings are being managed in accordance with sound business principles and prudent commercial practices.<br>3. It examines the matters of day-to-day administration of the public undertakings.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 312A: \"There shall be a Committee on Public Undertakings for the examination of the working of the public undertakings specified in the Fourth Schedule.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 312A(c): \"to examine, in the context of the autonomy and efficiency of the public undertakings, whether the affairs of the public undertakings are being managed in accordance with sound business principles and prudent commercial practices.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Proviso to Rule 312A:<\/i> the Committee shall not examine and investigate \u2014 \"(i) matters of major Government policy as distinct from business or commercial functions of the public undertakings; (ii) matters of day-to-day administration; (iii) matters for the consideration of which machinery is established by any special statute under which a particular public undertaking is established.\"<br><br>\r\n<b>Remember the Schedules:<\/b> Fourth Schedule \u2192 public undertakings (CPU); Fifth Schedule \u2192 Ministries\/Departments allotted to the DRSCs.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 22,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Undertakings\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Public Undertakings shall consist of not more than\",\r\n    options: [\"30 members \u2014 all from the Lok Sabha\",\"22 members \u2014 15 from the Lok Sabha and not more than 7 members of the Rajya Sabha\",\"31 members \u2014 21 from the Lok Sabha and 10 from the Rajya Sabha\",\"15 members, all nominated by the Speaker\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 22 members (15 Lok Sabha + up to 7 Rajya Sabha)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 312B(1): \"The Committee shall consist of not more than 22 members comprising 15 members who shall be elected by the House every year from amongst its members according to the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote and not more than 7 members of Rajya Sabha to be nominated by that House for being associated with the Committee.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Rule 312B(2):<\/i> the term of office shall not exceed one year. The proviso bars a Minister from being elected a member.<br><br>\r\n<b>The composition mirrors the Public Accounts Committee (Rule 309(1)) exactly.<\/b> The distractors here are the Estimates Committee (30, all Lok Sabha) and the DRSCs (31 = 21 + 10).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 23,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee of Privileges\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee of Privileges of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. It is nominated by the Speaker and consists of not more than fifteen members.<br>2. It examines every question referred to it and determines whether a breach of privilege is involved and, if so, its nature and the circumstances leading to it.<br>3. Before putting the question that its report be taken into consideration, the Speaker may permit a debate not exceeding half an hour.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 313:<\/i> at the commencement of the House or from time to time, \"the Speaker shall nominate a Committee of Privileges consisting of not more than fifteen members.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 314(1): \"The Committee shall examine every question referred to it and determine with reference to the facts of each case whether a breach of privilege is involved and, if so, the nature of the breach, the circumstances leading to it and make such recommendations as it may deem fit.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713) \u2014 and <i>Rule 314(2):<\/i> the report may also state the procedure to be followed by the House in giving effect to the recommendations.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 315(2): \"Before putting the question to the House, the Speaker may permit a debate on the motion, not exceeding half an hour in duration, and such debate shall not refer to the details of the report further than is necessary to make out a case for the consideration of the report by the House.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 316:<\/i> a motion that the report be taken into consideration is accorded the priority assigned to a matter of privilege under Rule 225(1), unless there has been undue delay in bringing it forward.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 24,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Ethics\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on Ethics of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. It examines every complaint relating to unethical conduct of a member of the Lok Sabha referred to it by the Speaker.<br>2. It formulates a Code of Conduct for members and suggests amendments or additions to it from time to time.<br>3. On a matter being referred to it, a preliminary inquiry shall be conducted by the Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 316B(a): \"examine every complaint relating to unethical conduct of a member of Lok Sabha referred to it by the Speaker and make such recommendations as it may deem fit.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 316B(b): \"formulate a Code of Conduct for members and suggest amendments or additions to the Code of Conduct from time to time.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 316C(1): \"On a matter being referred to the Committee, a preliminary inquiry shall be conducted by the Committee.\"<\/i> \u2014 if there is no prima facie case the Committee may recommend that the matter be dropped and the Chairperson intimates the Speaker (316C(2)); if there is a prima facie case the Committee takes up detailed examination (316C(3)). (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Distinctive feature:<\/b> unlike almost every other Committee, the report of the Committee on Ethics is presented to the SPEAKER, who may direct that it be laid on the Table (Rule 316D(2)). A motion that the report be taken into consideration is put down in the list of business after disposal of questions (Rule 316F).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 25,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Subordinate Legislation\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on Subordinate Legislation:<br>1. It scrutinises and reports whether the powers to make rules, regulations and bye-laws delegated by Parliament are being properly exercised within such delegation.<br>2. Every Order required to be laid before the House shall be numbered centrally and published in the Gazette immediately after it is promulgated.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"Both 1 and 2\",\"1 only\",\"2 only\",\"Neither 1 nor 2\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 317: \"There shall be a Committee on Subordinate Legislation to scrutinize and report to the House whether the powers to make regulations, rules, sub-rules, bye-laws etc., conferred by the Constitution or delegated by Parliament are being properly exercised within such delegation.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 319:<\/i> each regulation, rule, sub-rule or bye-law framed in pursuance of the Constitution or of legislative functions delegated by Parliament to a subordinate authority, and required to be laid before the House \u2014 referred to as an \"Order\" \u2014 shall, subject to such rules as the Speaker may prescribe in consultation with the Leader of the House, \"be numbered centrally and published in the Gazette immediately after it is promulgated.\" (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 318(1):<\/i> not more than fifteen members, nominated by the Speaker; a Minister shall not be nominated. <i>Rule 318(2):<\/i> term not exceeding one year.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 26,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Subordinate Legislation\",\r\n    question: \"After an Order is laid before the House, the Committee on Subordinate Legislation considers a number of specified matters. Which one of the following is NOT among the matters it is required to consider?\",\r\n    options: [\"Whether it directly or indirectly bars the jurisdiction of the courts\",\"Whether the Order has been approved by the concerned State Legislature\",\"Whether it involves expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India or the public revenues\",\"Whether it gives retrospective effect to any provision for which the Constitution or the Act does not expressly give such power\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) \u2014 approval by the concerned State Legislature is NOT a matter considered.<\/b><br><br>\r\nAn \"Order\" under Rule 319 is delegated legislation made under the Constitution or under an Act of PARLIAMENT. A State Legislature has no role in it, and no such head appears in Rule 320.<br><br>\r\n<b>The heads actually specified in Rule 320 are:<\/b> (i) whether it is in accord with the general objects of the Constitution or the Act pursuant to which it is made; (ii) whether it contains matter which should more properly be dealt with in an Act of Parliament; (iii) whether it contains imposition of any tax; (iv) whether it directly or indirectly bars the jurisdiction of the courts (Option A \u2713); (v) whether it gives retrospective effect to provisions in respect of which the Constitution or the Act does not expressly give such power (Option D \u2713); (vi) whether it involves expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India or the public revenues (Option C \u2713); (vii) whether it appears to make some unusual or unexpected use of the powers conferred; (viii) whether there appears to have been unjustifiable delay in its publication or in laying it before Parliament; (ix) whether for any reason its form or purport calls for any elucidation.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 27,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Government Assurances\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on Government Assurances:<br>1. It scrutinises the assurances, promises and undertakings given by Ministers on the floor of the House.<br>2. It reports on the extent to which such assurances have been implemented and, where implemented, whether within the minimum time necessary.<br>3. It consists of not more than fifteen members nominated by the Speaker.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 323: \"There shall be a Committee on Government Assurances to scrutinise the assurances, promises, undertakings, etc., given by Ministers, from time to time, on the floor of the House and to report on \u2014 (a) the extent to which such assurances, promises, undertakings, etc. have been implemented; and (b) where implemented whether such implementation has taken place within the minimum time necessary for the purpose.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713 and 2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 324(1): \"The Committee shall consist of not more than fifteen members who shall be nominated by the Speaker\"<\/i> \u2014 with the usual proviso barring a Minister; <i>Rule 324(2):<\/i> term not exceeding one year. (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Practice point:<\/b> assurances pending implementation are, by settled practice, deemed NOT to lapse on the dissolution of the House; they are pursued by the Committee of the succeeding House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 28,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Rules Committee\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on Rules of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. It consists of fifteen members including the Chairperson, and the Speaker is its ex-officio Chairperson.<br>2. If no notice of amendment to its recommendations is given within seven days of their being laid on the Table, the recommendations are deemed to have been approved by the House.<br>3. The amendments to the rules, once approved, are promulgated by the Speaker in the Bulletin.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 329:<\/i> there shall be a Committee on Rules to consider matters of procedure and conduct of business in the House and to recommend any amendments or additions to the rules that may be deemed necessary.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 330: \"The Committee on Rules shall be nominated by the Speaker and shall consist of fifteen members including the Chairperson of the Committee. The Speaker shall be the ex-officio Chairperson of the Committee.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331(1):<\/i> the recommendations are laid on the Table, and within seven days beginning with that day any member may give notice of an amendment. <i>Rule 331(3): \"If notice of such amendment has not been given within seven days, the recommendations of the Committee shall be deemed to have been approved by the House and on the expiry of the said period the Speaker shall promulgate in the Bulletin the amendments to the rules as recommended by the Committee.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713 and 3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331(4):<\/i> the amendments come into force on their publication in the Bulletin unless otherwise specified.<br>\r\n<b>Note:<\/b> only two Committees in this Chapter have the Speaker as ex-officio Chairperson \u2014 the Business Advisory Committee (Rule 287) and the Rules Committee (Rule 330).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 29,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes:<br>1. It considers the reports submitted by the National Commission for the Scheduled Castes and the National Commission for the Scheduled Tribes.<br>2. In examining measures to secure due representation of the SCs and STs in services and posts, it has regard to the provisions of article 335.<br>3. It consists of not more than thirty members comprising twenty members of the Lok Sabha and not more than ten members of the Rajya Sabha.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1, 2 and 3\",\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331A(a):<\/i> to consider the reports submitted by the National Commission for the Scheduled Castes and the National Commission for the Scheduled Tribes and to report on the measures that should be taken by the Union Government within its purview, including the Administrations of the Union Territories. (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331A(c):<\/i> to examine the measures taken by the Union Government to secure due representation of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in services and posts under its control (including appointments in Public Sector Undertakings, statutory and semi-Government bodies and in the Union Territories) \"having regard to the provisions of article 335.\" (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331B(1):<\/i> \"not more than 30 members, comprising 20 members\" elected by the Lok Sabha by proportional representation through the single transferable vote, \"and not more than 10 members of Rajya Sabha to be nominated by that House for being associated with the Committee.\" (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Other functions:<\/b> 331A(b) action taken by Government on measures proposed; (d) working of welfare programmes in the Union Territories; (e) such other matters as may seem fit or are referred by the House or the Speaker.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 30,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Each Departmentally Related Standing Committee consists of not more than thirty-one members, of whom\",\r\n    options: [\"all are elected by the Lok Sabha by single transferable vote\",\"twenty-one are nominated by the Speaker from the Lok Sabha and ten by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha, from the Rajya Sabha\",\"sixteen are from the Lok Sabha and fifteen from the Rajya Sabha\",\"all are nominated by the Speaker\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 21 (Lok Sabha, by the Speaker) + 10 (Rajya Sabha, by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331D(1): \"Each of the Standing Committees constituted under Rule 331C shall consist of not more than 31 members, 21 members to be nominated by the Speaker from amongst the members of Lok Sabha and 10 members to be nominated by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha, from amongst the members of Rajya Sabha.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the mode:<\/b> the DRSCs are constituted wholly by NOMINATION (Speaker and Chairman respectively) \u2014 unlike the Financial Committees, whose Lok Sabha members are ELECTED by proportional representation. <i>Rule 331D(2):<\/i> a Minister shall not be nominated a member. <i>Rule 331D(4):<\/i> term not exceeding one year.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 31,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Departmentally Related Standing Committees:<br>1. In considering the Demands for Grants, the report shall not suggest anything of the nature of cut motions.<br>2. The reports of the Committees shall be based on broad consensus, and a member may append a note of dissent.<br>3. The Committees shall consider the matters of day-to-day administration of the concerned Ministries or Departments.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1 and 2 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331E(1)(a):<\/i> to consider the Demands for Grants of the concerned Ministries\/Departments and make a report on the same to the Houses \u2014 \"The report shall not suggest anything of the nature of cut motions.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331I: \"(1) The Reports of the Committees shall be based on broad consensus. (2) A Member of a Standing Committee may give note of dissent on the report of the Committee. (3) The note of dissent shall be presented to the House along with the report.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331E(2): \"The Standing Committees shall not consider the matters of day to day administration of the concerned Ministries\/Departments.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331M<\/i> adds a further self-denying limit: the Standing Committees shall not generally consider matters which are considered by the other Parliamentary Committees.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 32,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Departmentally Related Standing Committees:<br>1. The Ministries and Departments under the jurisdiction of each Standing Committee are specified in the Fifth Schedule.<br>2. The report of a Standing Committee has persuasive value and is treated as considered advice given by the Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 only\",\"2 only\",\"Neither 1 nor 2\",\"Both 1 and 2\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331C(2): \"The Ministries\/Departments covered under the jurisdiction of each of the Standing Committees shall be as specified in the Fifth Schedule.\"<\/i> \u2014 with a proviso that the Chairman, Rajya Sabha and the Speaker may alter the Schedule from time to time in consultation with each other. (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331N: \"The report of the Standing Committees shall have persuasive value and shall be treated as considered advice given by the Committees.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Related:<\/b> <i>Rule 331K<\/i> \u2014 the Standing Committees shall not sit in any place except the precincts of Parliament House, unless specifically permitted by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker; <i>Rule 331L<\/i> \u2014 the Committee may avail of expert opinion or public opinion in making its report.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 33,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on the Empowerment of Women\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on the Empowerment of Women:<br>1. It considers the reports submitted by the National Commission for Women.<br>2. It consists of not more than thirty Members \u2014 twenty from the Lok Sabha and ten from the Rajya Sabha.<br>3. Its Chairperson is appointed by the Speaker from amongst the Members of the Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1, 2 and 3\",\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331P(1):<\/i> to consider the reports submitted by the National Commission for Women and to report on the measures that should be taken by the Union Government for improving the status\/conditions of women within its purview, including the Administrations of the Union Territories. (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331O(2): \"The Committee shall consist of not more than 30 Members, 20 Members to be nominated by the Speaker from amongst the Members of Lok Sabha and 10 Members to be nominated by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha, from amongst the Members of Rajya Sabha.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331O(4): \"The Chairperson of the Committee shall be appointed by the Speaker from amongst the Members of the Committee.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast with the SC\/ST Welfare Committee:<\/b> both are 30 (20 + 10), but the SC\/ST Committee's 20 Lok Sabha members are ELECTED by proportional representation (Rule 331B(1)) whereas the Empowerment of Women Committee's 20 are NOMINATED by the Speaker (Rule 331O(2)).<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331Q:<\/i> other Parliamentary Committees, including the DRSCs, shall not, as far as possible, consider matters exclusively assigned to this Committee.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 34,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Which of the following Financial Committees has\/have members of the Rajya Sabha associated with it, in addition to members of the Lok Sabha?<br>1. Committee on Public Accounts<br>2. Committee on Estimates<br>3. Committee on Public Undertakings<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 309(1) (Public Accounts)<\/i> and <i>Rule 312B(1) (Public Undertakings)<\/i> each provide for \"not more than 7 members of Rajya Sabha to be nominated by that House for being associated with the Committee.\" (1 \u2713 and 3 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 311(1) (Estimates): \"The Committee shall consist of not more than thirty members who shall be elected by the House every year...\"<\/i> \u2014 the House here is the Lok Sabha, and there is NO Rajya Sabha association. (2 \u2717)<br><br>\r\n<b>One-line takeaway:<\/b> the Estimates Committee is the only purely Lok Sabha Financial Committee, and also the largest of the three (30 v. 22 v. 22).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 35,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following pairs of Committee and the manner in which its members are chosen:<br>1. Committee on Estimates \u2014 elected by proportional representation (single transferable vote)<br>2. Committee of Privileges \u2014 nominated by the Speaker<br>3. Committee on Public Accounts \u2014 nominated by the Speaker<br>4. Committee on Subordinate Legislation \u2014 nominated by the Speaker<br>Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 3 only\",\"2, 3 and 4 only\",\"1, 2 and 4 only\",\"1, 2, 3 and 4\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 2 and 4 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 311(1):<\/i> the Committee on Estimates is ELECTED by proportional representation through the single transferable vote. (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 313:<\/i> the Committee of Privileges is NOMINATED by the Speaker. (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 318(1):<\/i> the Committee on Subordinate Legislation is NOMINATED by the Speaker. (4 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Pair 3 is wrongly matched:<\/b> under <i>Rule 309(1)<\/i> the fifteen Lok Sabha members of the Public Accounts Committee are ELECTED by the House by proportional representation through the single transferable vote; only the Rajya Sabha members (up to 7) are nominated, and that is done by the RAJYA SABHA, not by the Speaker.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule of thumb:<\/b> the three Financial Committees and the SC\/ST Welfare Committee are ELECTED; the \"housekeeping\" Committees (Privileges, Ethics, Subordinate Legislation, Government Assurances, Petitions, Papers Laid, Absence, Private Members' Bills, BAC, Rules) are NOMINATED by the Speaker.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 36,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    question: \"The Business Advisory Committee of the Lok Sabha consists of not more than\",\r\n    options: [\"fifteen members excluding the Speaker\",\"twelve members\",\"twenty members\",\"fifteen members including the Speaker\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) fifteen members including the Speaker<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 287:<\/i> the Speaker may nominate a Committee called the Business Advisory Committee \"consisting of not more than fifteen members including the Speaker who shall be the Chairperson of the Committee.\"<br><br>\r\nThe word \"including\" is the point of the question \u2014 the Speaker is counted within the fifteen, not over and above it.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 37,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions consists of not more than\",\r\n    options: [\"fifteen members\",\"twenty-two members\",\"thirty members\",\"ten members\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) fifteen members<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 293(1): \"There shall be a Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions consisting of not more than fifteen members.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Rule 293(2):<\/i> the Committee is nominated by the Speaker and holds office for a term not exceeding one year. The Deputy Speaker, being invariably a member, becomes its Chairperson under the proviso to Rule 258(1).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 38,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions\",\r\n    question: \"The term of office of the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions shall not exceed\",\r\n    options: [\"two years\",\"one year\",\"the life of the House\",\"six months\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) one year<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 293(2): \"The Committee shall be nominated by the Speaker and shall hold office for a term not exceeding one year.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe one-year term is the standard across the Chapter \u2014 Committees are reconstituted annually and are not coterminous with the life of the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 39,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Papers Laid on the Table\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Papers Laid on the Table shall consist of not more than\",\r\n    options: [\"twenty-two members\",\"thirty members\",\"fifteen members\",\"ten members\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) fifteen members<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 305A(1): \"There shall be a Committee on Papers Laid on the Table consisting of not more than 15 members.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Rule 305A(2):<\/i> the Committee is nominated by the Speaker and holds office for a term not exceeding one year.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 40,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Accounts\",\r\n    question: \"The members of the Committee on Public Accounts drawn from the Lok Sabha are chosen by\",\r\n    options: [\"nomination by the Speaker\",\"nomination by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha\",\"seniority in the House\",\"election by the House according to the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) election by proportional representation (single transferable vote)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 309(1):<\/i> the 15 Lok Sabha members \"shall be elected by the House every year from amongst its members according to the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote,\" while \"not more than 7 members of Rajya Sabha\" are \"nominated by that House for being associated with the Committee.\"<br><br>\r\nProportional representation by the single transferable vote is what secures the Opposition a share of seats on the Committee \u2014 the practical basis of the convention that the PAC is chaired by an Opposition member.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 41,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Estimates\",\r\n    question: \"The members of the Committee on Estimates are\",\r\n    options: [\"elected by the Lok Sabha according to the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote\",\"nominated by the Speaker\",\"drawn equally from both Houses\",\"nominated by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) elected by proportional representation (single transferable vote)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 311(1):<\/i> the members \"shall be elected by the House every year from amongst its members according to the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.\"<br>\r\n<i>Proviso to Rule 311(1):<\/i> a Minister shall not be elected a member, and a member appointed a Minister after election ceases to be a member of the Committee from the date of such appointment.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 42,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House\",\r\n    question: \"Where leave of absence is NOT recommended by the Committee on Absence of Members in respect of an application, what course is open?\",\r\n    options: [\"The application stands rejected and no further step is possible\",\"A motion may be moved by any member that the House agrees, or agrees with amendment, or disagrees with the recommendations of the Committee in respect of that application\",\"The Speaker may grant the leave notwithstanding the Committee's view\",\"The member may prefer a fresh application after thirty days\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 328: \"Where leave of absence is not recommended by the Committee in respect of any application, a motion may be moved by any member that the House agrees or agrees with amendment or disagrees with the recommendations of the Committee in respect of that application.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Read Rules 327 and 328 as a pair \u2014 they are the two outcomes of the same process:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 where the Committee RECOMMENDS that leave be granted or the absence condoned, the pleasure of the House is taken by the Speaker in the prescribed form, on a day as soon as may be after the presentation of the report (Rule 327);<br>\r\n\u2022 where the Committee does NOT so recommend, the matter can still be brought to the floor by motion under Rule 328.<br><br>\r\nEither way the decision is the HOUSE's. This is the textual basis for the settled PYQ answer that the Committee only RECOMMENDS and does not itself grant leave.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 43,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"For the purpose of making its report, a Departmentally Related Standing Committee may avail of\",\r\n    options: [\"the assistance of the Comptroller and Auditor-General\",\"expert opinion or the public opinion\",\"the services of the Committee on Estimates\",\"the records of any other Parliamentary Committee, as of right\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) expert opinion or the public opinion<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331L: \"The Committee may avail of the expert opinion or the public opinion to make the report.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe Chapter gives the same facility, in slightly different words, to three other Committees:<br>\r\n\u2022 <i>Rule 302<\/i> \u2014 a Select Committee on a Bill \"may hear expert evidence and representatives of special interests affected by the measure before them\";<br>\r\n\u2022 <i>Rule 307A(1) and (2)<\/i> \u2014 the Committee on Petitions may take evidence of experts or interested parties, on its own initiative or on request, and may also avail of public opinion.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) is wrong on a point of principle:<\/b> under <i>Rule 275(2)<\/i> no part of the evidence, report or proceedings of a Committee which has not been laid on the Table is open to inspection by anyone except under the authority of the SPEAKER. One Committee has no right of access to another's record.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 44,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Ethics\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Ethics of the Lok Sabha consists of not more than\",\r\n    options: [\"twenty members\",\"ten members\",\"twenty-two members\",\"fifteen members\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) fifteen members<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 316A(1): \"There shall be a Committee on Ethics consisting of not more than fifteen members.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Rule 316A(2):<\/i> the Committee is nominated by the Speaker and holds office for a term not exceeding one year. (Rules 316A to 316F were inserted with effect from 2015.)`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 45,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Ethics\",\r\n    question: \"The report of the Committee on Ethics is presented to\",\r\n    options: [\"the Speaker, who may direct that it be laid on the Table\",\"the House directly by the Chairperson\",\"the Committee of Privileges\",\"the Leader of the House\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the Speaker<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 316D(1):<\/i> the recommendations of the Committee shall be presented in the form of a report. <i>Rule 316D(2): \"The report shall be presented to the Speaker who may direct that the report be laid on the Table of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis is a deliberate departure from <i>Rule 279(1)<\/i>, under which the report of a Committee is presented to the HOUSE. <i>Rule 316F:<\/i> a motion that the report be taken into consideration is put down in the list of business after the disposal of questions.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 46,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Subordinate Legislation\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Subordinate Legislation consists of not more than\",\r\n    options: [\"thirty members elected by the House\",\"fifteen members nominated by the Speaker\",\"twenty-two members\",\"ten members\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) fifteen members nominated by the Speaker<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 318(1): \"The Committee shall consist of not more than fifteen members who shall be nominated by the Speaker: Provided that a Minister shall not be nominated a member of the Committee, and if a member, after nomination to the Committee is appointed a Minister, such member shall cease to be a member of the Committee from the date of such appointment.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 47,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"It becomes necessary to change the place of sitting of a Parliamentary Committee to a place outside the Parliament House. In such a case,\",\r\n    options: [\"the Chairperson of the Committee may fix any convenient place\",\"the matter shall be referred to the Speaker, whose decision shall be final\",\"the Committee may decide the question by a majority of votes of the members present and voting\",\"the sitting must be postponed until the precincts of the Parliament House are available\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the matter shall be referred to the Speaker, whose decision shall be final<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 267:<\/i> the sittings of a Committee shall be held within the precincts of the Parliament House, and if it becomes necessary to change the place of sitting outside the Parliament House, \"the matter shall be referred to the Speaker whose decision shall be final.\"<br><br>\r\nRead with <i>Rule 266<\/i> \u2014 \"The sittings of a Committee shall be held in private\" \u2014 and <i>Rule 268<\/i>, under which all persons other than members of the Committee and officers of the Lok Sabha Secretariat withdraw whenever the Committee is deliberating.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Departmentally Related Standing Committees are on a different footing.<\/b> Under <i>Rule 331K<\/i> they shall not sit in any place except the precincts of Parliament House \"unless otherwise specifically permitted by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker, AS THE CASE MAY BE\" \u2014 permission there comes from whichever Presiding Officer has administrative control of the Committee.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 48,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Absence of Members from the sittings of the House shall consist of\",\r\n    options: [\"not more than thirty members\",\"not less than fifteen members\",\"twenty members\",\"fifteen members nominated by the Speaker\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) fifteen members nominated by the Speaker<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 325: \"The Committee on Absence of Members from the sittings of the House shall consist of fifteen members nominated by the Speaker and shall hold office for a term not exceeding one year.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the drafting:<\/b> this rule fixes a FLAT figure of fifteen \u2014 neither \"not more than\" (as in Rules 287, 293, 305A, 313, 316A, 318, 324) nor \"not less than\" (as in Rule 306 for the Committee on Petitions).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 49,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes\",\r\n    question: \"The term of office of the members of the Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes shall not exceed\",\r\n    options: [\"one year\",\"two years\",\"three years\",\"five years\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) one year<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331B(2): \"The term of office of members of the Committee shall not exceed one year.\"<\/i><br>\r\nComposition under Rule 331B(1): not more than 30 members \u2014 20 elected by the Lok Sabha by proportional representation through the single transferable vote and not more than 10 members of the Rajya Sabha nominated by that House for association.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 50,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - rule-based (de-duplicated master bank)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"The term of office of the members of a Departmentally Related Standing Committee shall not exceed\",\r\n    options: [\"two years\",\"one year\",\"five years\",\"the term of the member as a Member of Parliament\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) one year<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331D(4): \"The term of office of the members of the Committees shall not exceed one year.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe term is NOT coterminous with membership of the House \u2014 a point that has been examined directly (see item 8, Option C).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/* ===== SECTION 2 - provisions untouched by any PYQ - ids 51-100 ===== *\/\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 51,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the constitution of a Parliamentary Committee:<br>1. The members of a Committee are appointed or elected by the House on a motion made, or are nominated by the Speaker, as the case may be.<br>2. No member shall be appointed to a Committee if he\/she is unwilling to serve on it.<br>3. It is for the Secretary-General to ascertain whether the member whose name is being proposed is willing to serve on the Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 254(1): \"The members of a Committee shall be appointed or elected by the House on a motion made, or nominated by the Speaker as the case may be.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 254(2): \"No member shall be appointed to a Committee if unwilling to serve on it. The proposer shall ascertain whether the member whose name is being proposed is willing to serve on the Committee.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b> \u2014 the duty of ascertaining willingness is cast on the PROPOSER, not on the Secretary-General. The Secretary-General's role in this Chapter is different: signing summonses to witnesses (Rule 269(1)), fixing sittings when the Chairperson is not readily available (Rule 264), and causing Select Committee reports to be printed (Rule 305).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 52,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"An objection is taken to the inclusion of a member in a Committee on the ground of interest. Which one of the following is NOT part of the procedure prescribed for dealing with such an objection?\",\r\n    options: [\"The member who has taken the objection shall precisely state the ground of objection and the nature of the alleged interest\",\"The Speaker shall give an opportunity to the member against whom the objection has been taken to state his\/her position\",\"Both sides may produce documentary or other evidence in support of their respective cases\",\"The objection shall first be put to the vote of the Committee, and only if it is carried shall it be placed before the Speaker\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) \u2014 there is no such voting requirement.<\/b><br><br>\r\nRule 255 lays down a self-contained procedure that runs directly to the Speaker; the Committee does not vote on the objection at any stage.<br><br>\r\n<b>The prescribed steps are:<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 255(a):<\/i> the member taking the objection \"shall precisely state the ground of such objection and the nature of the alleged interest, whether personal, pecuniary or direct, of the proposed member in matters coming up before the Committee.\" (A \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 255(b):<\/i> after the objection has been stated, the Speaker shall give an opportunity to the member proposed on the Committee against whom the objection has been taken to state the position. (B \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 255(c):<\/i> both are then permitted to produce documentary or other evidence in support of their respective cases. (C \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 255(d):<\/i> the Speaker, after considering the evidence so tendered, gives a decision which shall be final.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 53,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"For the purpose of an objection to the membership of a Parliamentary Committee, the interest of the member concerned must be<br>1. direct, personal or pecuniary;<br>2. separately belonging to the person whose inclusion is objected to;<br>3. shared in common with the public in general or with a class or section thereof;<br>4. on a matter of State policy.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1, 2 and 4 only\",\"1 and 2 only\",\"2, 3 and 4 only\",\"1, 3 and 4 only\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Explanation to Rule 255: \"For the purpose of this rule the interest of the member should be direct, personal or pecuniary and separately belong to the person whose inclusion in the Committee is objected to and not in common with the public in general or with any class or section thereof or on a matter of State policy.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nStatements 1 and 2 reproduce the two positive requirements. <b>Statements 3 and 4 invert the rule<\/b> \u2014 an interest shared in common with the public generally, or one arising on a matter of State policy, is precisely what does NOT disqualify a member. This is the same test the House applies to a member's right to vote on a matter in which he has a pecuniary interest.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 54,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"A Committee nominated by the Speaker shall, unless otherwise specified in the rules, hold office\",\r\n    options: [\"for the period specified by the Speaker or until a new Committee is nominated\",\"for one year from the date of its nomination in every case\",\"until the prorogation of the House\",\"until the expiry of the session in which it was nominated\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) for the period specified by the Speaker or until a new Committee is nominated<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 256: \"A Committee nominated by the Speaker shall, unless otherwise specified in the rules contained in this Chapter, hold office for the period specified by the Speaker or until a new Committee is nominated.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe words \"unless otherwise specified\" matter: where a special rule fixes the term \u2014 Rule 293(2), 305A(2), 316A(2), 318(2), 324(2), 325 all say \"not exceeding one year\" \u2014 that special rule governs by force of Rule 286. Rule 256 is the residuary provision, and it also ensures CONTINUITY: an existing Committee does not simply die on the expiry of a period; it holds office until its successor is nominated.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 55,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee has been adjourned for want of quorum on two successive dates fixed for its sittings. In such a case,\",\r\n    options: [\"the Committee shall stand dissolved and shall be reconstituted by the Speaker\",\"the Chairperson shall report the fact to the House; but where the Committee was appointed by the Speaker, the Chairperson shall report the fact to the Speaker\",\"the Secretary-General shall place the matter before the Business Advisory Committee\",\"the members absent shall stand discharged from the Committee forthwith\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 259(3): \"When the Committee has been adjourned in pursuance of sub-rule (2) on two successive dates fixed for sittings of the Committee, the Chairperson shall report the fact to the House: Provided that where the Committee has been appointed by the Speaker, the Chairperson shall report the fact of such adjournment to the Speaker.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe reporting authority follows the appointing authority \u2014 the House for Committees constituted by the House, the Speaker for Committees nominated by him. Nothing in Rule 259 dissolves the Committee or discharges members; discharge for absence is a separate matter under Rule 260, and it turns on absence from two or more consecutive sittings without the Chairperson's permission.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 56,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"A member has been absent from three consecutive sittings of a Parliamentary Committee without the permission of the Chairperson. Consider the following statements:<br>1. A motion may be moved in the House for the discharge of such member from the Committee.<br>2. Where the members of the Committee are nominated by the Speaker, such member may be discharged by the Speaker.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 only\",\"2 only\",\"Both 1 and 2\",\"Neither 1 nor 2\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 260: \"If a member is absent from two or more consecutive sittings of a Committee without the permission of the Chairperson, a motion may be moved in the House for the discharge of such member from the Committee: Provided that where the members of the Committee are nominated by the Speaker such member may be discharged by the Speaker.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nBoth limbs therefore operate, and which one applies depends on how the Committee was constituted \u2014 a motion in the House for an elected\/appointed Committee, and simple discharge by the Speaker for a nominated Committee. The threshold is TWO or more consecutive sittings, so three sittings squarely attracts the rule.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 57,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding a sub-Committee appointed by a Parliamentary Committee:<br>1. Each sub-Committee has the powers of the undivided Committee.<br>2. The order of reference to a sub-Committee shall clearly state the point or points for investigation.<br>3. The report of a sub-Committee is deemed to be the report of the whole Committee the moment it is signed by the Chairperson of the sub-Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 3 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 2 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 263(1):<\/i> a Committee may appoint one or more sub-Committees, \"each having the powers of the undivided Committee, to examine any matters that may be referred to them.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 263(2): \"The order of reference to a sub-Committee shall clearly state the point or points for investigation.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b> \u2014 under Rule 263(1) the reports of sub-Committees \"shall be deemed to be the reports of the whole Committee, IF THEY ARE APPROVED AT A SITTING OF THE WHOLE COMMITTEE.\" Signature by the sub-Committee's Chairperson has no such effect; approval by the parent Committee in sitting is indispensable.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 58,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"The Chairperson of a Select Committee on a Bill is not readily available to fix the date and time of a sitting. In that situation, the date and time shall be fixed by\",\r\n    options: [\"the Speaker, on a reference made by any member of the Committee\",\"the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Minister concerned with the Bill\",\"the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Leader of the House\",\"the member of the Committee chosen to act as Chairperson for that sitting\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Minister concerned with the Bill<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 264 (second proviso): \"Provided further that in the case of Select Committee on a Bill, if the Chairperson of the Committee is not readily available, the Secretary-General may, in consultation with the Minister concerned with the Bill, fix the date and time of a sitting.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the general rule:<\/b> for Committees at large, the first proviso to Rule 264 lets the Secretary-General fix the date and time on his own, with no consultation. The added consultation for a Select Committee reflects the fact that the Bill is being carried by the Minister in charge and its timetable is tied to the legislative programme.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 59,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"A Parliamentary Committee is sitting while the House is also sitting, and a division is called in the House. In such a case,\",\r\n    options: [\"the Chairperson of the Committee shall suspend the proceedings of the Committee for such time as will enable the members to vote in the division\",\"the sitting of the Committee shall stand adjourned to the next day\",\"the proceedings of the Committee shall continue, and the members shall be deemed to have abstained\",\"the Committee shall proceed only if a quorum remains after the members leave to vote\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 265: \"A Committee may sit whilst the House is sitting provided that on a division being called in the House, the Chairperson of the Committee shall suspend the proceedings in the Committee for such time as will in the opinion of the Chairperson, enable the members to vote in a division.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule protects the member's primary right and duty \u2014 to record his vote in the House. Note that the sitting is SUSPENDED (and resumes), not adjourned; adjournment for want of quorum is dealt with separately by Rule 259(2).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 60,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding documents and evidence before a Parliamentary Committee:<br>1. If a question arises whether the evidence of a person or the production of a document is relevant for the purposes of the Committee, the question shall be referred to the Speaker, whose decision shall be final.<br>2. No document submitted to the Committee shall be withdrawn or altered without the knowledge and approval of the Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 only\",\"2 only\",\"Both 1 and 2\",\"Neither 1 nor 2\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 270 (first proviso): \"Provided that if any question arises whether the evidence of a person or the production of a document is relevant for the purposes of the Committee, the question shall be referred to the Speaker whose decision shall be final.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 269(3): \"No document submitted to the Committee shall be withdrawn or altered without the knowledge and approval of the Committee.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\nRead these with <i>Rule 269(2)<\/i> (evidence and documents before the Committee are treated as confidential) and the SECOND proviso to Rule 270 (Government may decline to produce a document on the ground that disclosure would be prejudicial to the safety or interest of the State). The relevance question goes to the SPEAKER \u2014 not to the Committee itself and not to the Government.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 61,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"With reference to the appearance of a witness before a Parliamentary Committee, which one of the following statements is correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"A witness has an absolute right to appear through a counsel of his own choosing\",\"A Committee may, under the direction of the Speaker, permit a witness to be heard by a counsel appointed by the witness and approved by the Committee\",\"A counsel may be permitted only if the Government so requests\",\"A witness may never be heard through a counsel, since the sittings are held in private\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 271: \"A Committee may, under the direction of the Speaker, permit a witness to be heard by a counsel appointed by the witness and approved by the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThree cumulative conditions are built into the rule and each is a potential distractor: (i) the Committee's PERMISSION, (ii) exercised UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SPEAKER, and (iii) counsel appointed by the witness but APPROVED BY THE COMMITTEE. There is thus no absolute right to counsel, but neither is representation barred.<br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 272(1):<\/i> a Committee may administer an oath or affirmation to a witness examined before it, in the form set out in Rule 272(2).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 62,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the examination of witnesses before a Parliamentary Committee:<br>1. The Committee shall, before a witness is called for examination, decide the mode of procedure and the nature of the questions that may be asked of the witness.<br>2. The Chairperson may call other members of the Committee one by one to ask any other questions.<br>3. A witness may be asked to place before the Committee any other relevant points that have not been covered and which the witness thinks are essential to be placed before the Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three are clauses of <i>Rule 273<\/i>, which governs the conduct of the examination:<br>\r\n<i>Rule 273(i):<\/i> \"The Committee shall, before a witness is called for examination, decide the mode of procedure and the nature of question that may be asked of the witness.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 273(iii):<\/i> \"The Chairperson may call other members of the Committee one by one to ask any other questions.\" (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 273(iv):<\/i> \"A witness may be asked to place before the Committee any other relevant points that have not been covered and which a witness thinks are essential to be placed before the Committee.\" (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\nThe remaining clauses: (ii) the Chairperson examines the witness first, with reference to the subject-matter under consideration; (v) a verbatim record of the proceedings is kept whenever a witness is summoned to give evidence; (vi) the evidence given may be made available to all members of the Committee.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 63,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"A record of the decisions of a Parliamentary Committee shall be maintained and circulated to the members of the Committee\",\r\n    options: [\"under the direction of the Chairperson\",\"under the direction of the Speaker\",\"by the Secretary-General on his own motion\",\"only after the report of the Committee has been presented to the House\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) under the direction of the Chairperson<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 274: \"A record of the decisions of a Committee shall be maintained and circulated to members of the Committee under the direction of the Chairperson.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis internal record is distinct from (i) the verbatim record of evidence kept under Rule 273(v), and (ii) the REPORT presented under Rule 279. It is also the provision behind the settled position that the MINUTES of the Business Advisory Committee are not laid on the Table \u2014 only its report is (Rule 289).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 64,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the evidence tendered before a Parliamentary Committee:<br>1. A Committee may direct that the whole or a part of the evidence, or a summary thereof, may be laid on the Table.<br>2. No part of the evidence which has not been laid on the Table shall be open to inspection by anyone except under the authority of the Speaker.<br>3. The evidence given before a Committee may be published by a member of the Committee once the Committee has adopted its report, even if the evidence has not been laid on the Table.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 3 only\",\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 275(1): \"A Committee may direct that the whole or a part of the evidence or a summary thereof may be laid on the Table.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 275(2): \"No part of the evidence, oral or written, report or proceedings of the Committee which has not been laid on the Table shall be open to inspection by any one except under the authority of the Speaker.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 275(3): \"The evidence given before a Committee shall not be published by any member of the Committee or by any other person until it has been laid on the Table.\"<\/i> The adoption of the report is irrelevant; the trigger is the LAYING ON THE TABLE. The proviso allows only one relaxation \u2014 the Speaker may direct that such evidence be confidentially made available to members before it is formally laid on the Table.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 65,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the report of a Parliamentary Committee:<br>1. Where the House has not fixed any time, the report shall be presented within one month of the date of reference, but the House may at any time, on a motion being made, extend that time to a date specified in the motion.<br>2. The report of the Committee shall be signed by the Chairperson on behalf of the Committee.<br>3. If the Chairperson is absent or is not readily available, the Speaker shall sign the report on behalf of the Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1 and 2 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 277(1)<\/i> and its proviso: the one-month default, and the power of the House, on a motion being made, to extend the time \"to a date specified in the motion.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 277(3): \"The report of the Committee shall be signed by the Chairperson on behalf of the Committee.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Proviso to Rule 277(3): \"Provided that in case the Chairperson is absent or is not readily available the Committee shall choose another member to sign the report on behalf of the Committee.\"<\/i> \u2014 the COMMITTEE chooses; the Speaker has no part in it. Compare Rule 258(3), which uses the identical technique for presiding at a sitting.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 66,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is correct regarding a completed part of the report of a Parliamentary Committee?\",\r\n    options: [\"A Committee may, if it thinks fit, make it available to Government before presentation to the House, and it shall be treated as confidential until presented\",\"It cannot be made available to anyone before the report is presented to the House\",\"It may be made available to Government only with the prior approval of the House\",\"It may be released to the press with the permission of the Chairperson\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 278: \"A Committee may, if it thinks fit, make available to Government any completed part of its report before presentation to the House. Such reports shall be treated as confidential until presented to the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule is a practical one \u2014 it lets the executive begin acting on the Committee's conclusions without waiting for the formal presentation \u2014 but it is hedged by an express obligation of confidentiality. No approval of the House is needed, and the concession runs only in favour of GOVERNMENT, never the press.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 67,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"While presenting the report of a Parliamentary Committee to the House, the Chairperson (or the member presenting it)\",\r\n    options: [\"may make a speech explaining the recommendations, followed by a short debate\",\"shall, if any remarks are made, confine them to a brief statement of fact, and there shall be no debate on that statement at that stage\",\"shall move that the report be taken into consideration immediately\",\"shall read out the recommendations of the Committee in full\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 279(2): \"In presenting the report the Chairperson or, in the absence of the Chairperson, the member presenting the report shall, if makes any remarks, confine to a brief statement of fact, but there shall be no debate on that statement at this stage.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nPresentation is a formal act, not an occasion for debate. Debate comes later, and only where the special rules provide for it \u2014 for example on a motion that the report of the Committee of Privileges be taken into consideration, where the Speaker may permit a debate not exceeding half an hour (Rule 315(2)), or on a motion relating to the BAC report, limited to half an hour with five minutes per member (Rule 290).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 68,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"The report of a Parliamentary Committee has been ordered to be printed, published and circulated although the House is not in session and the report has not been presented to the House. In such a case, the report shall be presented to the House\",\r\n    options: [\"during its next session at the first convenient opportunity\",\"within one month of the reassembly of the House\",\"only after it has been laid before the Speaker for approval\",\"at the first sitting after the Speaker has directed that it be laid on the Table\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) during its next session at the first convenient opportunity<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 280:<\/i> the Speaker may order the printing, publication or circulation of a report of a Committee although it has not been presented to the House; \"In that case the report shall be presented to the House during its next session at the first convenient opportunity.\"<br><br>\r\nThe rule prevents a Committee's work from being held hostage to the parliamentary calendar, while preserving the House's right to receive the report formally. It is the counterpart, for the intersession period, of the confidentiality rule in Rule 275(3).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 69,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the procedure of Parliamentary Committees:<br>1. A Committee has power to pass resolutions on matters of procedure relating to that Committee for the consideration of the Speaker, who may make such variations in procedure as he considers necessary.<br>2. A Committee may, with the approval of the Speaker, make detailed rules of procedure to supplement the provisions contained in the rules of this Chapter.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 only\",\"2 only\",\"Both 1 and 2\",\"Neither 1 nor 2\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 281: \"A Committee shall have power to pass resolutions on matters of procedure relating to that Committee for the consideration of the Speaker who may make such variations in procedure as the Speaker may consider necessary.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 282: \"A Committee may with the approval of the Speaker make detailed rules of procedure to supplement the provisions contained in the rules in this Chapter.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\nBoth provisions keep the Speaker in ultimate control of Committee procedure \u2014 a Committee may propose and may supplement, but it may not vary the Chapter on its own. That control is completed by <i>Rule 283(1)<\/i> (Speaker's directions to the Chairperson for regulating the procedure and organisation of the Committee's work) and <i>Rule 283(2)<\/i> (a doubt on any point of procedure may be referred by the Chairperson to the Speaker, whose decision shall be final).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 70,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    question: \"After the report of the Business Advisory Committee has been presented to the House, a motion may be moved that the House agrees, or agrees with amendments, or disagrees with the report. In respect of such a motion, which one of the following statements is NOT correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"An amendment may be moved that the report be referred back to the Committee either without limitation or with reference to any particular matter\",\"Not more than half an hour shall be allotted for the discussion of the motion\",\"No member shall speak for more than five minutes on such motion\",\"The motion shall be decided by division in every case\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) \u2014 no such requirement exists.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 290:<\/i> at any time after the report has been presented to the House a motion may be moved that the House agrees or agrees with amendments or disagrees with the report \u2014 \"Provided that an amendment may be moved that the report be referred back to the Committee either without limitation or with reference to any particular matter: Provided further that not more than half an hour shall be allotted for the discussion of the motion and no member shall speak for more than five minutes on such motion.\" (Options A, B and C \u2713)<br><br>\r\nThere is no requirement of a division; the ordinary rule on decisions applies. Compare <i>Rule 295<\/i>, which lays down an identical scheme (refer back \/ half an hour \/ five minutes) for the report of the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 71,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    question: \"At the appointed hour fixed in accordance with the Allocation of Time Order for the completion of a particular stage of a Bill or other business, the Speaker shall\",\r\n    options: [\"adjourn the House to the next day\",\"forthwith put every question necessary to dispose of all the outstanding matters in connection with that stage of the Bill or other business\",\"refer the unfinished business back to the Business Advisory Committee\",\"extend the time by one hour without any motion being moved\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 291: \"At the appointed hour, in accordance with the Allocation of Time Order for the completion of a particular stage of a Bill or other business, the Speaker shall forthwith put every question necessary to dispose of all the outstanding matters in connection with that stage of the Bill or other business.\"<\/i> This is the device popularly called the \"guillotine\".<br><br>\r\nOption D describes a different and earlier power: under the proviso to <i>Rule 292<\/i>, the Speaker may, after taking the sense of the House, increase the time by not more than one hour without any motion being moved. Any other variation in the Allocation of Time Order requires a motion made with the Speaker's consent and accepted by the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 72,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions\",\r\n    question: \"A private member's Bill is opposed in the House on the ground that it initiates legislation outside the legislative competence of the House. The Bill is examined by the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions\",\r\n    options: [\"in every such case, as a matter of course\",\"only where the Speaker considers such objection prima facie tenable\",\"only if the Attorney-General has advised that the objection is well founded\",\"only after the Bill has been passed by the House\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) only where the Speaker considers such objection prima facie tenable<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 294(1)(d):<\/i> the functions of the Committee include \"to examine every private member's Bill which is opposed in the House on the ground that the Bill initiates legislation outside the legislative competence of the House, and the Speaker considers such objection prima facie tenable.\"<br><br>\r\nTwo conditions must therefore concur \u2014 an objection taken IN THE HOUSE on the ground of legislative competence, and the Speaker's prima facie satisfaction. A bare objection does not by itself send the Bill to the Committee, and the reference is a pre-legislative filter, not a post-passage review.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 73,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions\",\r\n    question: \"The classification of private members' Bills and the allocation of time in respect of Bills and resolutions, as approved by the House,\",\r\n    options: [\"shall take effect as if it were an order of the House\",\"shall have only recommendatory value\",\"shall require notification in the Gazette before taking effect\",\"shall be subject to variation by the Business Advisory Committee\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) shall take effect as if it were an order of the House<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 296: \"The classification of Bills and the allocation of time in respect of Bills and resolutions as approved by the House shall take effect as if it were an order of the House.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Rule 297:<\/i> at the appointed hour the Speaker shall forthwith put every question necessary to dispose of all outstanding matters in connection with the completion of a particular stage of the Bill or the resolution.<br><br>\r\nNote the parallel with the Business Advisory Committee: Rule 290A makes the BAC's approved allocation an order of the House and requires notification in the BULLETIN (not the Gazette), and Rule 291 supplies the corresponding guillotine. The Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions is, in effect, the BAC for private members' business \u2014 which is why the Explanation to Rule 288 excludes private members' Bills and resolutions from the BAC's remit.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 74,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Select Committees on Bills\",\r\n    question: \"Notice of a proposed amendment has not been given before the day on which the Bill is taken up by the Select Committee. In such a case,\",\r\n    options: [\"the amendment cannot be moved in any circumstances\",\"any member may object to the moving of the amendment, and such objection shall prevail unless the Chairperson allows the amendment to be moved\",\"the amendment may be moved only with the consent of the member in charge of the Bill\",\"the amendment shall stand referred to the House for its decision\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 300(1): \"If notice of a proposed amendment has not been given before the day on which the Bill is taken up by the Select Committee, any member may object to the moving of the amendment and such objection shall prevail unless the Chairperson allows the amendment to be moved.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe default therefore favours the objector, but the Chairperson retains an overriding discretion. <i>Rule 300(2)<\/i> adds that in other respects the procedure in a Select Committee shall, as far as practicable, be the same as is followed in the House during the consideration stage of a Bill, with such adaptations as the Speaker may consider necessary or convenient.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 75,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Select Committees on Bills\",\r\n    question: \"A Bill has been referred to a Select Committee. Notice of an amendment to a clause of the Bill is received from a member who is NOT a member of the Select Committee. Such an amendment\",\r\n    options: [\"shall not be taken up by the Committee unless it is adopted by a member of the Committee\",\"shall be taken up by the Committee as a matter of right, since all notices stand referred to it\",\"shall be placed before the House and not before the Committee\",\"shall be taken up only if the member concerned is permitted to address the Committee\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 301: \"When a Bill has been referred to a Select Committee any notice given by a member of an amendment to a clause in the Bill shall stand referred to the Committee provided that where notice of amendment is received from a member who is not a member of the Select Committee such amendment shall not be taken up by the Committee unless adopted by member of the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nSo the notice does stand referred, but it needs a sponsor within the Committee to be moved. This dovetails with <i>Rule 299<\/i>, under which a non-member may be present at the deliberations but shall not address the Committee or sit in its body \u2014 he can neither speak for his amendment nor move it himself.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 76,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Select Committees on Bills\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the report of a Select Committee on a Bill:<br>1. The Select Committee shall state in its report whether the publication of the Bill directed by the rules has taken place, and the date on which the publication has taken place.<br>2. Where a Bill has been altered, the Select Committee may include in its report a recommendation to the member in charge that his next motion should be a motion for circulation or, where the Bill has already been circulated, for recirculation.<br>3. A Select Committee may hear expert evidence and representatives of special interests affected by the measure before it.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 303(2): \"The Select Committee shall in their report state whether the publication of the Bill directed by these rules has taken place, and the date on which the publication has taken place.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 303(3): \"Where a Bill has been altered, the Select Committee may, if they think fit, include in their report a recommendation to the member incharge of the Bill that the next motion of such member should be a motion for circulation, or, where the Bill has already been circulated, for recirculation.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 302: \"A Select Committee may hear expert evidence and representatives of special interests affected by the measure before them.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\nStatement 2 matters in practice: where a Select Committee has substantially altered a Bill, the House ought to have the altered text put before opinion again \u2014 hence the recommendation for circulation or recirculation.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 77,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Select Committees on Bills\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding a minute of dissent recorded by a member of a Select Committee:<br>1. It shall not refer to any discussion in the Select Committee.<br>2. Where words, phrases or expressions in it are unparliamentary or otherwise inappropriate, the Speaker may order them to be expunged from the minute of dissent.<br>3. The minute of dissent is presented to the House separately from, and after, the report of the Select Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 3 only\",\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 303(4):<\/i> any member of the Select Committee may record a minute of dissent on any matter connected with the Bill or dealt with in the report.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 303(5): \"A minute of dissent shall be couched in temperate and decorous language and shall not refer to any discussion in the Select Committee nor cast aspersion on the Committee.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\nThe following sub-rule empowers the Speaker to order unparliamentary or otherwise inappropriate words, phrases or expressions to be expunged from the minute of dissent. (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 304: \"The report of the Select Committee on a Bill together with the minutes of dissent, if any, shall be presented to the House by the Chairperson or in the absence of the Chairperson, by any member of the Committee.\"<\/i> \u2014 the minutes of dissent go WITH the report, not separately or later. (Compare Rule 331I(3) for the DRSCs: the note of dissent \"shall be presented to the House along with the report.\")`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 78,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Papers Laid on the Table\",\r\n    question: \"In examining the papers laid on the Table of the House by Ministers, the Committee on Papers Laid on the Table reports on all of the following EXCEPT\",\r\n    options: [\"whether there has been compliance with the provisions of the Constitution, Act, rule or regulation under which the paper has been laid\",\"whether, in the case of delay, a statement explaining the reasons for the delay has been laid on the Table and whether those reasons are satisfactory\",\"whether the policy disclosed by the paper is in the public interest\",\"whether both the Hindi and English versions of the paper have been laid on the Table\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 the Committee does not sit in judgment on POLICY.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe heads of examination in <i>Rule 305B(1)<\/i> are procedural and formal:<br>\r\n(a) whether there has been compliance with the provisions of the Constitution, Act, rule or regulation under which the paper has been laid (A \u2713);<br>\r\n(b) whether there has been any unreasonable delay in laying the paper;<br>\r\n(c) if there has been such delay, whether a statement explaining the reasons for it has been laid on the Table and whether those reasons are satisfactory (B \u2713);<br>\r\n(d) whether both the Hindi and English versions of the paper have been laid on the Table (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 305B(2):<\/i> the Committee performs such other functions in respect of papers laid on the Table as may be assigned to it by the Speaker. <i>Rule 305C:<\/i> a member wishing to raise any of these matters must refer it to the Committee and not raise it in the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 79,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Petitions\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on Petitions:<br>1. Where circulation of a petition has not been directed by the Committee, the Speaker may at any time direct that the petition be circulated.<br>2. Circulation of a petition shall be in extenso or in summary form as the Committee or the Speaker, as the case may be, may direct.<br>3. It is the duty of the Committee to report to the House on specific complaints made in the petition and to suggest remedial measures, either in a concrete form applicable to the case under review or to prevent such cases in future.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 307(1):<\/i> the Committee shall examine every petition referred to it and, if it complies with the rules, may direct that it be circulated; \"Where circulation of the petition has not been directed, the Speaker may at any time direct that the petition be circulated.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 307(2): \"Circulation of the petition shall be in extenso or in summary form as the Committee or the Speaker, as the case may be, may direct.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 307(3):<\/i> \"It shall also be the duty of the Committee to report to the House on specific complaints made in the petition referred to it after taking such evidence as it deems fit and to suggest remedial measures either in a concrete form applicable to the case under review or to prevent such cases in future.\" (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\nThe forward-looking limb of clause (3) is the important one \u2014 the Committee is not confined to redressing the individual grievance; it may recommend systemic change.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 80,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Accounts\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Public Accounts is constituted for the examination of<br>1. accounts showing the appropriation of sums granted by the House for the expenditure of the Government of India;<br>2. the annual finance accounts of the Government of India;<br>3. such other accounts laid before the House as the Committee may think fit.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 308(1): \"There shall be a Committee on Public Accounts for the examination of accounts showing the appropriation of sums granted by the House for the expenditure of the Government of India, the annual finance accounts of the Government of India and such other accounts laid before the House as the Committee may think fit.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nClause 3 is the significant one \u2014 the PAC's jurisdiction is not closed. Beyond the Appropriation Accounts and the Finance Accounts, it may take up any other accounts laid before the House, subject only to the bar in the proviso to Rule 308(4) regarding public undertakings allotted to the Committee on Public Undertakings.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 81,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Accounts\",\r\n    question: \"In scrutinising the Appropriation Accounts of the Government of India and the report of the Comptroller and Auditor-General thereon, it is the duty of the Committee on Public Accounts to satisfy itself<br>1. that the expenditure conforms to the authority which governs it;<br>2. that every re-appropriation has been made in accordance with the provisions made in this behalf under rules framed by competent authority;<br>3. that the policy underlying the expenditure is sound and in the public interest.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 308(2)(b):<\/i> \"that the expenditure conforms to the authority which governs it.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 308(2)(c):<\/i> \"that every re-appropriation has been made in accordance with the provisions made in this behalf under rules framed by competent authority.\" (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n(With clause (a): that the moneys shown as disbursed were legally available for, and applicable to, the service or purpose to which they have been applied or charged.)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b> \u2014 the PAC's mandate under Rule 308(2) is one of REGULARITY and PROPRIETY, not of policy. Judging the soundness of policy is outside its remit; policy underlying the estimates is the province of the Committee on Estimates (Rule 310(a)-(b)), and even there only \"consistent with the policy underlying the estimates.\"`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 82,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Accounts\",\r\n    question: \"Apart from the Appropriation Accounts, the functions of the Committee on Public Accounts extend to<br>1. examining the statement of accounts showing the income and expenditure of State corporations, trading and manufacturing schemes, concerns and projects, together with the balance sheets and profit and loss accounts, and the report of the Comptroller and Auditor-General thereon;<br>2. examining the statement of accounts showing the income and expenditure of autonomous and semi-autonomous bodies the audit of which may be conducted by the Comptroller and Auditor-General either under the directions of the President or by a statute of Parliament;<br>3. considering the report of the Comptroller and Auditor-General in cases where the President may have required him to conduct an audit of any receipts or to examine the accounts of stores and stocks.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three reproduce <i>Rule 308(3)<\/i>, clauses (a), (b) and (c) respectively.<br><br>\r\nClause (a) covers commercial accounts \u2014 the balance sheets and profit and loss accounts which the President may have required to be prepared, or which are prepared under statutory rules regulating the financing of a particular corporation, scheme, concern or project.<br>\r\nClause (b) covers autonomous and semi-autonomous bodies audited by the CAG, whether under the directions of the President or under a statute of Parliament.<br>\r\nClause (c) covers RECEIPT audit and audit of STORES AND STOCKS \u2014 the two heads on which the CAG acts at the instance of the President.<br><br>\r\nThis sub-rule is the textual basis of the PAC's jurisdiction over bodies substantially financed by Government, and is frequently examined because it is easy to confuse with the Committee on Public Undertakings.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 83,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the position of a Minister in relation to Parliamentary Committees:<br>1. A Minister shall not be elected or nominated a member of the Committee on Public Accounts, the Committee on Estimates, the Committee on Public Undertakings, the Committee on Petitions, the Committee on Subordinate Legislation or the Committee on Government Assurances.<br>2. Where a member of such a Committee is appointed a Minister, he shall cease to be a member of that Committee from the date of such appointment.<br>3. A Minister who is not a member of a Select Committee on a Bill may, with the permission of the Chairperson, address that Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nStatements 1 and 2 restate a proviso repeated almost identically across the Chapter \u2014 <i>Rules 306, 309(1), 311(1), 312B(1), 318(1), 324(1), 331B(1)<\/i> and <i>331D(2)<\/i> \u2014 barring a Minister from membership and providing that a member appointed a Minister ceases to be a member from the date of appointment. (1 \u2713 and 2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 299 (proviso): \"Provided that a Minister may with the permission of the Chairperson address the Committee of which such Minister may not be a member.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>The principle:<\/b> a Minister may not SIT IN JUDGMENT as a member of a scrutiny Committee, but he is not shut out of the legislative work of a Select Committee, where he appears in his executive capacity.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 84,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Estimates\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is NOT among the functions of the Committee on Estimates?\",\r\n    options: [\"To suggest alternative policies in order to bring about efficiency and economy in administration\",\"To examine whether the money is well laid out within the limits of the policy implied in the estimates\",\"To examine the working of such public undertakings as are allotted to the Committee on Public Undertakings\",\"To suggest the form in which the estimates shall be presented to Parliament\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this is expressly barred.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Proviso to Rule 310: \"Provided that the Committee shall not exercise its functions in relation to such public undertakings as are allotted to the Committee on Public Undertakings by these rules or by the Speaker.\"<\/i> An identical bar applies to the Public Accounts Committee under the proviso to Rule 308(4).<br><br>\r\n<b>The four functions actually listed in Rule 310 are:<\/b><br>\r\n(a) to report what economies, improvements in organisation, efficiency or administrative reform, consistent with the policy underlying the estimates, may be effected;<br>\r\n(b) to suggest alternative policies in order to bring about efficiency and economy in administration (A \u2713);<br>\r\n(c) to examine whether the money is well laid out within the limits of the policy implied in the estimates (B \u2713);<br>\r\n(d) to suggest the form in which the estimates shall be presented to Parliament (D \u2713).<br><br>\r\nNote the nuance in (a) and (b): the Committee works WITHIN the policy underlying the estimates, but may suggest ALTERNATIVE policies for efficiency and economy \u2014 it is sometimes called a \"continuous economy committee\".`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 85,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Undertakings\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Public Undertakings shall NOT examine and investigate<br>1. matters of major Government policy as distinct from business or commercial functions of the public undertakings;<br>2. matters of day-to-day administration;<br>3. matters for the consideration of which machinery is established by any special statute under which a particular public undertaking is established.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three are the clauses of the proviso to <i>Rule 312A<\/i>, which fences off the Committee's jurisdiction on three sides \u2014 policy above it, administration below it, and specialised statutory machinery beside it.<br><br>\r\nThe positive mandate under Rule 312A is: (a) to examine the reports and accounts of the public undertakings specified in the Fourth Schedule; (b) to examine the reports, if any, of the Comptroller and Auditor-General on those undertakings; (c) to examine, in the context of their autonomy and efficiency, whether their affairs are being managed in accordance with sound business principles and prudent commercial practices; and (d) to exercise such functions vested in the Public Accounts Committee and the Committee on Estimates in relation to those undertakings as are not covered by (a), (b) and (c) and as may be allotted to it by the Speaker from time to time.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 86,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee of Privileges\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the report of the Committee of Privileges:<br>1. The report may state the procedure to be followed by the House in giving effect to the recommendations made by the Committee.<br>2. A motion that the report of the Committee be taken into consideration shall be accorded the priority assigned to a matter of privilege, unless there has been undue delay in bringing it forward.<br>3. After the motion that the report be taken into consideration is agreed to, a motion may be moved that the House agrees, or disagrees, or agrees with amendments, with the recommendations contained in the report.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 314(2): \"The report may also state the procedure to be followed by the House in giving effect to the recommendations made by the Committee.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 316:<\/i> a motion that the report of the Committee be taken into consideration \"shall be accorded the priority assigned to a matter of privilege under sub-rule (1) of rule 225, unless there has been undue delay in bringing it forward.\" (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 315(3):<\/i> after the motion under Rule 315(1) is agreed to, the Chairperson or any member of the Committee or any other member \"may move that the House agrees, or disagrees or agrees with amendments, with the recommendations contained in the report.\" (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\nThe sequence is therefore: presentation \u2192 motion that the report be taken into consideration (with an optional debate of not more than half an hour under Rule 315(2)) \u2192 motion on the recommendations themselves.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 87,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Ethics\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the procedure of the Committee on Ethics of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. If, after a preliminary inquiry, the Committee is of the opinion that there is no prima facie case, it may recommend that the matter be dropped, and the Chairperson shall intimate the Speaker accordingly.<br>2. If, after a preliminary inquiry, the Committee is of the opinion that there is a prima facie case, the Committee shall take up the matter for detailed examination.<br>3. A motion that the report of the Committee be taken into consideration shall be put down in the list of business after the disposal of questions.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 316C(2):<\/i> where the Committee, after a preliminary inquiry, is of the opinion that there is no prima facie case, \"it may recommend that the matter may be dropped and the Chairperson shall intimate the Speaker accordingly.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 316C(3):<\/i> where it is of the opinion that there is a prima facie case, \"the Committee shall take up the matter for detailed examination.\" (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 316F: \"A motion that the report of the Committee be taken into consideration shall be put down in the list of business after disposal of questions.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast with the Committee of Privileges:<\/b> a privilege report carries the PRIORITY of a matter of privilege under Rule 316; an ethics report is simply listed after the disposal of questions. <i>Rule 316C(4)<\/i> also allows the Committee to lay down its own procedure from time to time.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 88,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. Where the Committee recommends that leave of absence be granted to a member or that the absence be condoned, the pleasure of the House shall be taken by the Speaker on a day as soon as may be after the presentation of the report.<br>2. Where leave of absence is not recommended by the Committee in respect of an application, a motion may be moved by any member that the House agrees, or agrees with amendment, or disagrees with the recommendations of the Committee in respect of that application.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 only\",\"2 only\",\"Both 1 and 2\",\"Neither 1 nor 2\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 327:<\/i> where the Committee recommends that leave of absence be granted or that the absence be condoned, \"the pleasure of the House shall be taken by the Speaker in the following terms on a day as soon as may be after the presentation of the report\" \u2014 the prescribed form recites the report, the recommendation and the period, and ends by noting that the member is being informed accordingly. (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 328: \"Where leave of absence is not recommended by the Committee in respect of any application, a motion may be moved by any member that the House agrees or agrees with amendment or disagrees with the recommendations of the Committee in respect of that application.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\nThe scheme shows why the Committee only RECOMMENDS: a favourable recommendation goes through by the pleasure of the House, while an adverse one can be challenged on the floor by motion.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 89,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Rules Committee\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the recommendations of the Committee on Rules of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. Any notice of amendment given by a member to the recommendations of the Committee shall stand referred to the Committee, which shall consider it and make such changes in its recommendations as it may consider fit.<br>2. The final report of the Committee, after taking into consideration the amendments suggested by members, shall be laid on the Table, and thereafter the amendments as approved by the House shall be promulgated by the Speaker in the Bulletin.<br>3. The amendments to the rules shall come into force on their publication in the Bulletin unless otherwise specified.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331(1):<\/i> the recommendations are laid on the Table and, within seven days beginning with that day, any member may give notice of an amendment.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331(2):<\/i> such notice \"shall stand referred to the Committee who shall consider it and make such changes in their recommendations as the Committee may consider fit. The final report of the Committee after taking into consideration the amendments suggested by the members shall be laid on the Table. Thereafter, on the House agreeing to the report on a motion made by a member of the Committee, the amendments to the rules as approved by the House, shall be promulgated by the Speaker in the Bulletin.\" (1 \u2713 and 2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331(4): \"The amendments to the rules shall come into force on their publication in the Bulletin unless otherwise specified.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\nAnd if NO notice of amendment is given within seven days, the recommendations are deemed to have been approved by the House and the Speaker promulgates them on the expiry of that period (Rule 331(3)).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 90,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the procedure to be followed by the Departmentally Related Standing Committees in considering the Demands for Grants:<br>1. After the general discussion on the Budget in the Houses is over, the Houses shall be adjourned for a fixed period.<br>2. The Committees shall make their report within that period and shall not ask for more time.<br>3. There shall be a single consolidated report on the Demands for Grants of all the Ministries within a Committee's jurisdiction.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331G(a):<\/i> \"after the general discussion on the Budget in the Houses is over, the Houses shall be adjourned for a fixed period.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331G(c):<\/i> \"the Committees shall make their report within the period and shall not ask for more time.\" (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331G(e):<\/i> \"there shall be a separate report on the Demands for Grants of each Ministry.\" Consolidation is expressly ruled out.<br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331G(d)<\/i> completes the scheme: the Demands for Grants shall be considered by the House in the light of the reports of the Committees. Note also <i>Rule 331E(1)(a)<\/i> \u2014 the report shall not suggest anything of the nature of cut motions.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 91,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Departmentally Related Standing Committees:<br>1. A Standing Committee shall consider only such Bills introduced in either of the Houses as are referred to it by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker, as the case may be.<br>2. The Standing Committees shall not sit in any place except the precincts of Parliament House, unless otherwise specifically permitted by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker.<br>3. The Standing Committees shall not generally consider the matters which are considered by the other Parliamentary Committees.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331H(b):<\/i> \"the Committee shall consider only such Bills introduced in either of the Houses as are referred to them by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker, as the case may be.\" (1 \u2713) \u2014 with 331H(a) requiring consideration of the general principles and clauses, and 331H(c) requiring the report within the given time.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331K: \"The Standing Committees shall not sit in any other place except the precincts of Parliament House, unless otherwise specifically permitted by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker, as the case may be.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713) \u2014 compare the general Rule 267, where a change of venue is referred to the Speaker alone.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331M: \"The Standing Committees shall not generally consider the matters which are considered by the other Parliamentary Committees.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331L<\/i> adds that the Committee may avail of expert opinion or public opinion in making its report.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 92,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on the Empowerment of Women\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on the Empowerment of Women:<br>1. Other Parliamentary Committees, including the Departmentally Related Standing Committees, shall not, as far as possible, consider matters which are exclusively assigned to this Committee under the rules.<br>2. A Minister shall not be a Member of the Committee, and a Member who is appointed a Minister after nomination shall cease to be a Member from the date of such appointment.<br>3. The Committee examines the measures taken by the Union Government for comprehensive education and adequate representation of women in legislative bodies, services and other fields.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331Q: \"The other Parliamentary Committees, including the Departmentally related Standing Committees, shall not, as far as possible, consider the matters which are exclusively assigned to this Committee under the rules.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331O(3):<\/i> \"A Minister shall not be a Member of the Committee, and if a Member, after nomination to the Committee is appointed as Minister, such member shall cease to be a Member of the Committee from the date of such appointment.\" (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331P(3):<\/i> \"to examine the measures taken by the Union Government for comprehensive education and adequate representation of women in Legislative bodies\/services and other fields.\" (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\nRules 331M and 331Q together create a two-way rule against overlapping jurisdiction: the DRSCs stand back from matters handled by other Committees, and all Committees stand back from matters exclusively assigned to the Committee on the Empowerment of Women.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 93,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following pairs:<br><b>Committee<\/b> \u2014 <b>Reference in the Rules<\/b><br>1. Committee on Public Undertakings \u2014 public undertakings specified in the Fourth Schedule<br>2. Departmentally Related Standing Committees \u2014 Ministries\/Departments specified in the Fifth Schedule<br>3. Committee on Papers Laid on the Table \u2014 papers specified in the Third Schedule<br>Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 312A:<\/i> \"There shall be a Committee on Public Undertakings for the examination of the working of the public undertakings specified in the Fourth Schedule.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331C(2):<\/i> \"The Ministries\/Departments covered under the jurisdiction of each of the Standing Committees shall be as specified in the Fifth Schedule\" \u2014 alterable by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha and the Speaker in consultation with each other. (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Pair 3 is wrongly matched \u2717<\/b> \u2014 Rules 305A to 305C contain no Schedule at all. The Committee on Papers Laid on the Table examines \"all papers laid on the Table of the House by Ministers\" (Rule 305B(1)); there is no enumerated list.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 94,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"In the rules relating to the constitution of Parliamentary Committees, which one of the following Committees is described as consisting of \\\"not less than\\\" a stated number of members?\",\r\n    options: [\"Committee on Petitions\",\"Committee of Privileges\",\"Committee on Government Assurances\",\"Committee on Papers Laid on the Table\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Committee on Petitions<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 306:<\/i> the Speaker \"shall nominate a Committee on Petitions consisting of NOT LESS THAN fifteen members.\" It is the solitary Committee in the Chapter drafted as a FLOOR rather than a ceiling.<br><br>\r\n<b>For comparison:<\/b><br>\r\n\"Not more than fifteen\" \u2014 Business Advisory Committee (Rule 287, including the Speaker), Private Members' Bills and Resolutions (293(1)), Papers Laid on the Table (305A(1)), Privileges (313), Ethics (316A(1)), Subordinate Legislation (318(1)), Government Assurances (324(1)).<br>\r\nA flat \"fifteen\" \u2014 Absence of Members (Rule 325) and the Rules Committee (Rule 330, \"fifteen members including the Chairperson\").`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 95,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the direction and control of Parliamentary Committees by the Speaker:<br>1. The Speaker may from time to time issue such directions to the Chairperson of a Committee as he considers necessary, for regulating the procedure and the organisation of its work.<br>2. If any doubt arises on any point of procedure or otherwise, the Chairperson may, if he thinks fit, refer the point to the Speaker, whose decision shall be final.<br>3. Where it becomes necessary to change the place of sitting of a Committee to outside the Parliament House, the matter shall be referred to the Speaker, whose decision shall be final.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 283(1):<\/i> \"The Speaker may from time to time issue such directions to the Chairperson of a Committee as the Speaker considers necessary, for regulating the procedure and the organisation of its work.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 283(2):<\/i> \"If any doubt arises on any point of procedure or otherwise, the Chairperson may if thinks fit refer the point to the Speaker whose decision shall be final.\" (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 267:<\/i> the sittings are held within the precincts of the Parliament House, and if it becomes necessary to change the place of sitting outside the Parliament House, \"the matter shall be referred to the Speaker whose decision shall be final.\" (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\nChapter XXVI vests a series of FINAL decisions in the Speaker \u2014 on membership objections (255(d)), on the relevance of evidence or documents (proviso to 270), on venue (267), and on points of procedure (283(2)). This is the textual basis for the settled answer that it is the Speaker who directs and controls the Committee system of the Lok Sabha.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 96,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the records kept by a Parliamentary Committee:<br>1. A record of the decisions of the Committee shall be maintained and circulated to the members of the Committee under the direction of the Chairperson.<br>2. A verbatim record of the proceedings shall be kept at every sitting of a Committee, irrespective of whether a witness is examined.<br>3. The evidence given before the Committee may be made available to all the members of the Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 274: \"A record of the decisions of a Committee shall be maintained and circulated to members of the Committee under the direction of the Chairperson.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 273(vi): \"The evidence given before the Committee may be made available to all members of the Committee.\"<\/i> (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 2: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 273(v): \"A verbatim record of proceedings of the Committee shall, WHEN A WITNESS IS SUMMONED TO GIVE EVIDENCE, be kept.\"<\/i> The verbatim record is tied to the examination of a witness; for its ordinary deliberations what a Committee maintains is the record of DECISIONS under Rule 274.<br><br>\r\nNote the further safeguards on these records: evidence and documents are treated as confidential (Rule 269(2)); nothing not laid on the Table is open to inspection except under the authority of the Speaker (Rule 275(2)); and no member may publish the evidence until it has been laid on the Table (Rule 275(3)).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 97,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements:<br>1. In this Chapter, unless the context otherwise requires, \\\"Committee\\\" means and includes a Parliamentary Committee as defined in the rules.<br>2. The general rules of the Chapter apply to all Committees, but a special rule relating to a particular Committee prevails over the general rules to the extent of inconsistency.<br>3. A Select Committee on a Bill must present its report within one month of the date on which the House adopted the motion for reference, in the absence of any time fixed by the House.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 2 only\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 253:<\/i> \"In this Chapter, unless the context otherwise requires, 'Committee' means and includes 'Parliamentary Committee' as defined in sub-rule ... of rule 2.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 286:<\/i> the general rules apply to all Committees, \"and if and so far as any provision in the special rules relating to a Committee is inconsistent with the general rules, the former rules shall prevail.\" (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b> \u2014 and it is the very illustration of statement 2. The general rule is one month (Rule 277(1)); but the special rule for a Select Committee on a Bill, in the proviso to <i>Rule 303(1)<\/i>, gives THREE MONTHS from the date on which the House adopted the motion for reference. Being a special rule, it prevails.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 98,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the effect of the resignation of a member from a Parliamentary Committee and the filling of the resulting vacancy:<br>1. A member may resign his seat on a Committee by writing under his own hand addressed to the Speaker, in the form prescribed by the rules.<br>2. The resulting casual vacancy is filled in the same manner in which the original seat was filled \u2014 by appointment or election by the House on a motion made, or by nomination by the Speaker, as the case may be.<br>3. The member filling the casual vacancy holds office for a fresh full term.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 257(1):<\/i> a member may resign his seat on a Committee by writing under his own hand addressed to the Speaker, in the prescribed form (addressed from the Lok Sabha, New Delhi, tendering resignation from membership of the named Committee with effect from a stated date). (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 254(3):<\/i> \"Casual vacancies in a Committee shall be filled by appointment or election by the House on a motion made, or nomination by the Speaker, as the case may be.\" (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b> \u2014 the same sub-rule provides that the member so appointed, elected or nominated \"shall hold office for the unexpired portion of the term\" of the member in whose place he comes. The annual cycle of the Committee is not disturbed by a mid-term vacancy.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 99,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding a Committee that is unable to complete its work:<br>1. It may report to the House that it has not been able to complete its work.<br>2. Any preliminary report, memorandum or note that the Committee may have prepared, or any evidence that it may have taken, shall be made available to the new Committee.<br>3. This provision applies only where the House is dissolved, and not where the term of the Committee expires.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 3 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 2 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 285: \"A Committee which is unable to complete its work before the expiration of its term or before the dissolution of the House may report to the House that the Committee has not been able to complete its work. Any preliminary report, memorandum or note that the Committee may have prepared or any evidence that the Committee may have taken shall be made available to the new Committee.\"<\/i> (1 \u2713 and 2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b> \u2014 the rule covers BOTH situations expressly: \"before the expiration of its term OR before the dissolution of the House.\" Given the standard one-year term across the Chapter, expiry of term is in fact the commoner occasion for its use.<br><br>\r\nDistinguish <i>Rule 284<\/i>, which protects pending business against PROROGATION only \u2014 there the Committee continues to function and nothing lapses.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 100,\r\n    source: \"Chapter XXVI - provisions not yet touched by any PYQ\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following pairs:<br><b>Committee<\/b> \u2014 <b>Chairperson<\/b><br>1. Business Advisory Committee \u2014 the Speaker, ex-officio<br>2. Committee on Rules \u2014 the Speaker, ex-officio<br>3. Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions \u2014 the Deputy Speaker<br>4. Committee on the Empowerment of Women \u2014 the Chairman, Rajya Sabha<br>Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3 only\",\"2, 3 and 4 only\",\"1, 2, 3 and 4\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 287:<\/i> the Business Advisory Committee consists of not more than fifteen members \"including the Speaker who shall be the Chairperson of the Committee.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 330:<\/i> \"The Speaker shall be the ex-officio Chairperson of the Committee\" on Rules. (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 258(1) (proviso)<\/i> read with <i>Rule 293(1):<\/i> the Deputy Speaker, being invariably nominated to the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions, is appointed its Chairperson. (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Pair 4 is wrongly matched \u2717<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331O(4): \"The Chairperson of the Committee shall be appointed by the Speaker from amongst the Members of the Committee.\"<\/i> The Chairman, Rajya Sabha nominates ten of its Members (Rule 331O(2)) but does not appoint its Chairperson.<br><br>\r\n<b>Where the Chairman, Rajya Sabha DOES appoint a Chairperson:<\/b> <i>Rule 331D(3)<\/i> \u2014 the Chairpersons of the Departmentally Related Standing Committees specified in Part I of the Fifth Schedule.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/* ===== SECTION 3 - Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract - ids 101-145 ===== *\/\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 101,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Origin and Classification\",\r\n    question: \"The origin of the Committee system in India can be traced back to the\",\r\n    options: [\"Indian Councils Act, 1892\",\"Constitutional Reforms of 1919\",\"Government of India Act, 1935\",\"Constituent Assembly Rules, 1947\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the Constitutional Reforms of 1919<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract on Parliamentary Committees states that the origin of the Committee system in India can be traced back to the Constitutional Reforms of 1919. The Standing Orders of the Central Legislative Assembly framed thereunder provided for a Committee on Petitions relating to Bills, a Select Committee on Amendments of Standing Orders and a Select Committee on Bills, besides a Public Accounts Committee and a Joint Committee on a Bill.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rationale for the system:<\/b> the work of Parliament is varied in nature and considerable in volume while the time at its disposal is limited; it cannot give close consideration to every legislative and other matter, and so a good deal of its business is transacted in Committees of the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 102,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Origin and Classification\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committees provided for under the Standing Orders of the Central Legislative Assembly:<br>1. There was a provision for a Committee on Petitions relating to Bills.<br>2. There was a provision for a Select Committee on Amendments of Standing Orders and a Select Committee on Bills.<br>3. There was a provision for a Public Accounts Committee and a Joint Committee on a Bill.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three are listed in the Abstract as the Committees for which the Standing Orders of the Central Legislative Assembly made provision \u2014 the Committee on Petitions relating to Bills, the Select Committee on Amendments of Standing Orders, the Select Committee on Bills, the Public Accounts Committee and a Joint Committee on a Bill.<br><br>\r\nIn addition, members of both Houses of the Central Legislature served on the Standing Advisory Committees attached to the various Departments of the Government of India.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 103,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Origin and Classification\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to the Committees that existed under the Constitutional Reforms of 1919?\",\r\n    options: [\"They were purely advisory in character\",\"They functioned under the control of the Government\",\"The Minister-in-charge of the Department acted as the Chairperson of the Committee\",\"Their reports were binding on the Government of India\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract records that all those Committees \"were purely advisory in character and functioned under the control of the Government with the Minister-in-charge of the Department acting as the Chairperson of the Committee.\" (Options A, B and C \u2713)<br><br>\r\nNothing about them was binding. The contrast with the present system is instructive: a Parliamentary Committee today works under the direction of the SPEAKER, not of the Government, and a Minister is barred from membership of the principal scrutiny Committees altogether.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 104,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Origin and Classification\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following attributes of a Parliamentary Committee:<br>1. It is appointed or elected by the House or nominated by the Speaker.<br>2. It works under the direction of the Speaker.<br>3. It presents its report to the House or to the Speaker.<br>4. Its Secretariat is provided by the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs.<br>Which of the attributes given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1, 2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 4 only\",\"2, 3 and 4 only\",\"1, 2, 3 and 4\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\nA Parliamentary Committee means a Committee which is appointed or elected by the House or nominated by the Speaker, which works under the direction of the Speaker, which presents its report to the House or to the Speaker, and <b>the Secretariat for which is provided by the LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT<\/b>.<br><br>\r\n<b>Attribute 4 is INCORRECT \u2717<\/b> \u2014 the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs has no such role. The four attributes together are the accepted definitional test, and secretarial support by the Lok Sabha Secretariat is one of them: this is why bodies otherwise resembling committees, but serviced by Government, are not Parliamentary Committees at all.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 105,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Origin and Classification\",\r\n    question: \"Parliamentary Committees are classified into\",\r\n    options: [\"Financial Committees and Administrative Committees\",\"Standing Committees and Ad hoc Committees\",\"Departmental Committees and Joint Committees\",\"Advisory Committees and Investigative Committees\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Standing Committees and Ad hoc Committees<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract states in terms that \"Parliamentary Committees are of two types: Standing Committees and Ad hoc Committees.\"<br><br>\r\nStanding Committees are permanent, constituted from time to time in pursuance of the provisions of an Act of Parliament or of the Rules of Procedure. Ad hoc Committees are appointed for a particular purpose and cease to exist when they finish the task assigned to them and submit their report \u2014 for example a Select or Joint Committee on a Bill, or a Joint Parliamentary Committee on a special issue.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 106,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ad hoc Committees and JPCs\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding Joint Parliamentary Committees (JPCs) constituted on special issues:<br>1. They are constituted to investigate serious issues which have greatly agitated the public mind and which involve fraud or corruption on a large scale.<br>2. Such Committees are set up on the basis of a consensus arrived at between the Government and the Opposition.<br>3. They become functus officio after the submission of their report to Parliament.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three are stated in the Abstract. A JPC on a special issue is described as a well-known and potent investigative mechanism of Parliament; it is constituted where an issue has greatly agitated the public mind and involves fraud or corruption on a large scale, it rests on a consensus between the Government and the Opposition, and it becomes <i>functus officio<\/i> \u2014 that is, its authority is spent \u2014 on submitting its report to Parliament.<br><br>\r\nThe term <i>functus officio<\/i> is the key phrase to retain: a JPC cannot be revived to pursue its subject once it has reported.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 107,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ad hoc Committees and JPCs\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following pairs of Joint Parliamentary Committee and the year of its constitution:<br>1. Joint Committee to enquire into the Bofors Contract \u2014 1987<br>2. Joint Committee to enquire into Irregularities in Securities and Banking Transactions \u2014 1992<br>3. Joint Committee on Stock Market Scam and matters relating thereto \u2014 2001<br>4. Joint Committee to examine matters relating to allocation and pricing of Telecom Licences and Spectrum \u2014 2011<br>Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 4 only\",\"2, 3 and 4 only\",\"1, 2, 3 and 4\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract lists five Joint Parliamentary Committees constituted on special issues:<br>\r\n(i) Joint Committee to enquire into the Bofors Contract \u2014 <b>1987<\/b>;<br>\r\n(ii) Joint Committee to enquire into Irregularities in Securities and Banking Transactions \u2014 <b>1992<\/b>;<br>\r\n(iii) Joint Committee on the Stock Market Scam and matters relating thereto \u2014 <b>2001<\/b>;<br>\r\n(iv) Joint Committee on Pesticide residues in and safety standards for soft drinks, fruit juice and other beverages \u2014 <b>2003<\/b>;<br>\r\n(v) Joint Committee to examine matters relating to allocation and pricing of Telecom Licences and Spectrum \u2014 <b>2011<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nThe one omitted from the pairs above is the 2003 Committee on pesticide residues \u2014 a common distractor because it is the only non-financial subject in the list.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 108,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ad hoc Committees and JPCs\",\r\n    question: \"The Joint Committee on the Welfare of Other Backward Classes has been constituted as an ad hoc Committee since\",\r\n    options: [\"1997, on the direction of the Speaker\",\"2012, in pursuance of motions moved by the Government in and adopted by the Houses of Parliament\",\"2004, under a provision of the Rules of Procedure\",\"2015, on the recommendation of the Rules Committee\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 2012, in pursuance of motions moved and adopted by the Houses<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract states that the Joint Committee on the Welfare of Other Backward Classes \"is being constituted as an ad hoc Committee since 2012 in pursuance of motions moved in and adopted by the Houses of Parliament. These motions are moved by the Government.\"<br><br>\r\nNote the two consequences of that route: because it rests on motions rather than on the Rules, its constitution, composition and functions are laid down in the motions themselves; and it remains an AD HOC Committee notwithstanding that it has been reconstituted year after year.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 109,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ad hoc Committees and JPCs\",\r\n    question: \"Where a Committee is constituted by the Presiding Officers on an ad hoc basis, its terms of reference are decided by\",\r\n    options: [\"the Speaker, Lok Sabha, alone\",\"the Speaker, Lok Sabha and the Chairman, Rajya Sabha in consultation with each other\",\"the Business Advisory Committee of the Lok Sabha\",\"the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs in consultation with the Speaker\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) the Speaker, Lok Sabha and the Chairman, Rajya Sabha in consultation with each other<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract distinguishes two routes. Where a Committee is constituted by the HOUSE through a motion, its constitution, composition and functions are laid down in the motion. Where it is constituted by the PRESIDING OFFICERS, \"their terms of reference are decided by the Speaker, Lok Sabha and the Chairman, Rajya Sabha in consultation with each other as may be necessary subject to the relevant rules and directions relating to Parliamentary Committees.\"<br><br>\r\nThe same technique of joint consultation appears in Rule 331C(2), under which the two Presiding Officers may alter the Fifth Schedule allotting Ministries to the Departmentally Related Standing Committees.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 110,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ad hoc Committees and JPCs\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following is a House-specific ad hoc Committee of the Lok Sabha appointed by the Speaker, and NOT a Joint Committee appointed by the Presiding Officers?\",\r\n    options: [\"Joint Committee on Food Management in Parliament House Complex\",\"Joint Committee on Security in Parliament House Complex\",\"Committee on Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (Lok Sabha)\",\"Joint Committee on Maintenance of Heritage Character and Development of Parliament House Complex\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Committee on MPLADS (Lok Sabha)<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract separates the two families:<br>\r\n<b>Joint Committees appointed by the Presiding Officers on an ad hoc basis<\/b> \u2014 Food Management in Parliament House Complex; Installation of Portraits\/Statues of National Leaders and Parliamentarians in Parliament House Complex; Maintenance of Heritage Character and Development of Parliament House Complex; Security in Parliament House Complex.<br>\r\n<b>House-specific ad hoc Committees of the Lok Sabha appointed by the Speaker<\/b> \u2014 Committee on Provision of Computers to Members of Lok Sabha; Committee on Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (Lok Sabha); and Committee on Violation of Protocol Norms and Contemptuous Behaviour of Government Officers with Members of Lok Sabha.<br><br>\r\nThe test is simple: anything confined to Members of the LOK SABHA is House-specific and is appointed by the Speaker.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 111,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Composition of Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Which of the following Standing Committees of the Lok Sabha consist of thirty members each?<br>1. Committee on Estimates<br>2. Committee on the Empowerment of Women<br>3. Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes<br>4. Committee on Public Undertakings<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\"1, 2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 4 only\",\"2, 3 and 4 only\",\"1, 2, 3 and 4\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\nPer the membership table in the Abstract, the three thirty-member Standing Committees are the Committee on Estimates, the Committee on the Empowerment of Women and the Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.<br><br>\r\n<b>Pair 4 is wrong \u2717<\/b> \u2014 the Committee on Public Undertakings has <b>22<\/b> members, the same as the Committee on Public Accounts.<br><br>\r\n<b>The whole table in three lines:<\/b> 30 \u2192 Estimates, Empowerment of Women, SC\/ST Welfare. 22 \u2192 Public Accounts, Public Undertakings. 15 \u2192 BAC, Privileges, Absence of Members, Government Assurances, Papers Laid on the Table, Petitions, Private Members' Bills and Resolutions, Subordinate Legislation, Offices of Profit, Salaries and Allowances, Rules, Ethics. 12 \u2192 House Committee. 9 \u2192 Library Committee. Not fixed \u2192 General Purposes Committee.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 112,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Composition of Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"The House Committee and the Library Committee of the Lok Sabha consist, respectively, of\",\r\n    options: [\"15 and 12 members\",\"12 and 9 members\",\"9 and 15 members\",\"12 and 15 members\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 12 and 9 members<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract's table gives the House Committee <b>12<\/b> members and the Library Committee <b>9<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nThe Library Committee is a Joint Committee: it consists of 6 members of the Lok Sabha and 3 members of the Rajya Sabha, nominated by the Speaker, Lok Sabha and the Chairman, Rajya Sabha respectively.<br>\r\nThe House Committee is also the only Committee with a specially prescribed quorum \u2014 <b>5<\/b> against its total strength of 12, instead of the ordinary one-third.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 113,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Composition of Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following Standing Committees of the Lok Sabha does NOT have a fixed number of members?\",\r\n    options: [\"Rules Committee\",\"Committee on Ethics\",\"General Purposes Committee\",\"Joint Committee on Offices of Profit\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) General Purposes Committee<\/b><br><br>\r\nIn the Abstract's table the strength of the General Purposes Committee is shown as \"Not fixed\", because its composition is defined by OFFICE rather than by number. It consists of the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker, the members of the Panel of Chairpersons, the Chairpersons of the Standing Committees of the Lok Sabha, the Leaders of recognised Parties and Groups in the Lok Sabha, and such other members as may be nominated by the Speaker.<br><br>\r\nThe other three each have 15 members. The General Purposes Committee's function is to advise the Speaker on such matters concerning the affairs of the House as may be referred to it by him from time to time.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 114,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Composition of Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Joint Committee on Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament:<br>1. It consists of ten members of the Lok Sabha and five members of the Rajya Sabha, nominated by the Speaker and the Chairman, Rajya Sabha respectively.<br>2. It is constituted in pursuance of a provision of the Salary, Allowances and Pension of Members of Parliament Act, 1954.<br>3. It elects its own Chairperson at its first sitting.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract states that ten members of the Lok Sabha and five members of the Rajya Sabha are nominated by the Speaker, Lok Sabha and the Chairman, Rajya Sabha respectively to this Committee \"in pursuance of section 9(1) of the Salary, Allowances and Pension of Members of Parliament Act, 1954.\" (1 \u2713 and 2 \u2713)<br>\r\nIt is also the single exception to the rule that the Speaker appoints Chairpersons: \"the Joint Committee on Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament elects its own Chairperson at their first sitting.\" (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\nA second consequence follows: its members hold office for one year <b>from the date of the first sitting of the Committee at which the Chairperson is elected<\/b>, and not from the date of nomination.<br><br>\r\n<b>Function:<\/b> to make rules, after consultation with the Central Government, providing for travelling and daily allowances, and medical, housing, telephone, postal, water, electricity, constituency and secretarial facilities for members of both Houses.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 115,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Composition of Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Joint Committee on Offices of Profit:<br>1. It consists of fifteen members \u2014 ten elected from the Lok Sabha and five elected from the Rajya Sabha.<br>2. It is constituted in pursuance of a motion moved in and adopted by both the Houses.<br>3. It holds office for a term not exceeding one year.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1 and 2 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract states: \"The Joint Committee on Offices of Profit consists of 15 members \u2014 10 elected from Lok Sabha and 5 elected from Rajya Sabha. It is constituted in pursuance of a motion moved in and adopted by both the Houses.\" (1 \u2713 and 2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b> \u2014 the same passage adds that \"It continues in office for the duration of a LOK SABHA.\" This is the standing exception to the general one-year term, and is therefore a favourite testing point.<br><br>\r\n<b>Functions:<\/b> to examine the composition and character of the Committees appointed by the Central and State Governments and to recommend what offices should, and should not, disqualify a person for being chosen as, and for being, a member of either House under Article 102; and to scrutinise from time to time the Schedule to the Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959 and recommend amendments to it by way of addition, omission or otherwise.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 116,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Departmentally Related Standing Committees:<br>1. There are twenty-four such Committees.<br>2. Each consists of thirty-one members, including ten members of the Rajya Sabha.<br>3. Sixteen of these Committees are under the administrative control of the Speaker and the remaining eight are under the administrative control of the Chairman, Rajya Sabha.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract lists twenty-four Departmentally Related Standing Committees covering the various Ministries\/Departments of the Government of India, each of 31 members inclusive of 10 members of the Rajya Sabha (21 Lok Sabha members nominated by the Speaker and 10 Rajya Sabha members nominated by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha).<br><br>\r\nOn administrative control it says: Committees at Sl. Nos. 1 to 16 are under the administrative control of the Speaker and are serviced by the Lok Sabha Secretariat, and the Speaker appoints their Chairpersons; the remaining 8 Committees are under the administrative control of the Chairman, Rajya Sabha, who appoints their Chairpersons.<br><br>\r\nThis is the practical face of Rules 331D(3) and 331J, and it is the reason the PYQ answer runs: \"Some of these Committees are serviced by the Lok Sabha Secretariat, while others are serviced by the Rajya Sabha Secretariat.\"`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 117,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following Departmentally Related Standing Committees is NOT under the administrative control of the Speaker, Lok Sabha?\",\r\n    options: [\"Committee on Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Food Processing\",\"Committee on Defence\",\"Committee on Home Affairs\",\"Committee on Railways\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Committee on Home Affairs<\/b><br><br>\r\nIn the Abstract's list the Committees at Sl. Nos. 1 to 16 are under the administrative control of the Speaker; the last eight \u2014 at Sl. Nos. 17 to 24 \u2014 are under the Chairman, Rajya Sabha.<br><br>\r\n<b>The eight Rajya Sabha Committees are:<\/b> Commerce; Home Affairs; Education, Women, Children, Youth and Sports; Industry; Science & Technology, Environment, Forests and Climate Change; Transport, Tourism & Culture; Health & Family Welfare; and Personnel, Public Grievances, Law & Justice.<br><br>\r\nAgriculture (Sl. No. 1), Defence (Sl. No. 3) and Railways (Sl. No. 10) all fall within the Speaker's sixteen.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 118,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"The functions of each Departmentally Related Standing Committee include all of the following EXCEPT\",\r\n    options: [\"to consider the Demands for Grants of the concerned Ministries\/Departments\",\"to examine such Bills pertaining to the concerned Ministries\/Departments as are referred to the Committee by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker\",\"to consider annual reports of Ministries\/Departments\",\"to review the day-to-day administration of the concerned Ministries\/Departments\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) \u2014 day-to-day administration is expressly excluded.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe four functions set out in the Abstract are: (a) to consider the Demands for Grants of the concerned Ministries\/Departments; (b) to examine such Bills pertaining to those Ministries\/Departments as are referred to the Committee by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker, as the case may be; (c) to consider annual reports of Ministries\/Departments; and (d) to consider national basic long term policy documents presented to the House, if referred to the Committee by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker, and make reports thereon.<br><br>\r\nRule 331E(2) puts the exclusion beyond doubt: \"The Standing Committees shall not consider the matters of day to day administration of the concerned Ministries\/Departments.\"`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 119,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Constitution of Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the manner in which members are chosen for Parliamentary Committees:<br>1. In the case of the Committees on Estimates, Public Accounts, Public Undertakings and the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, members of the Lok Sabha are elected by the House in pursuance of motions moved in and adopted by the Houses.<br>2. Twenty members of the Lok Sabha and ten members of the Rajya Sabha are nominated to the Committee on the Empowerment of Women by the Speaker and the Chairman, Rajya Sabha respectively.<br>3. No member is to be appointed, nominated or elected to a Committee if he is unwilling to serve on it.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nStatement 1 reproduces paragraph 13 of the Abstract \u2014 the four ELECTED Committees. (1 \u2713)<br>\r\nStatement 2 reproduces paragraph 9 \u2014 note the contrast with the SC\/ST Welfare Committee, which also has a 20 + 10 structure but whose Lok Sabha members are ELECTED, not nominated. (2 \u2713)<br>\r\nStatement 3 reproduces paragraph 7, which restates Rule 254(2); under that rule the duty of ascertaining willingness lies on the proposer. (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>The elected four are worth memorising as a set:<\/b> Estimates, Public Accounts, Public Undertakings, and the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Everything else in the Lok Sabha's list is nominated.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 120,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Constitution of Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Some of the Standing Committees of the Lok Sabha are Joint Committees, members of both Houses of Parliament being nominated or elected to them as per the rules or the relevant provisions of the Acts. Which of the following are such Joint Committees?<br>1. Committee on Offices of Profit<br>2. Committee on Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament<br>3. Library Committee<br>4. Committee on Government Assurances<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\"1, 2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 4 only\",\"2, 3 and 4 only\",\"1, 2, 3 and 4\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract names seven Standing Committees of the Lok Sabha that are Joint Committees, members of both Houses being nominated or elected to them as per the rules or the relevant provisions of the Acts: <b>Public Accounts, Public Undertakings, the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Offices of Profit, Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament, Empowerment of Women, and the Library Committee.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Item 4 is wrong \u2717<\/b> \u2014 the Committee on Government Assurances consists of not more than fifteen members nominated by the Speaker from the Lok Sabha alone (Rule 324(1)); there is no Rajya Sabha element.<br><br>\r\nThe membership pattern of the seven: Public Accounts 15 + 7; Public Undertakings 15 + 7; SC\/ST Welfare 20 + 10; Empowerment of Women 20 + 10; Offices of Profit 10 + 5 (elected); Salaries and Allowances 10 + 5 (nominated); Library 6 + 3 (nominated).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 121,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Constitution of Committees\",\r\n    question: \"As far as possible, different Parties and Groups are represented on a Parliamentary Committee in proportion to their respective strength in the House. On this account, a Committee is described as\",\r\n    options: [\"a microcosm of the whole House\",\"a delegated legislature\",\"an extension of the Treasury Benches\",\"a mini-Secretariat of the House\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) a microcosm of the whole House<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract puts it thus: \"As far as possible, different Parties and Groups are represented on Committees in proportion to their respective strength in the House. As such a Committee is a microcosm of the whole House.\"<br><br>\r\nThe mechanism that secures this in the elected Committees is the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (Rules 309(1), 311(1), 312B(1), 331B(1)); in the nominated Committees it is achieved by the Speaker's practice in nominating members. It is also the constitutional justification for the convention that the Public Accounts Committee is chaired by a member of the major Opposition Parties\/Groups.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 122,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Constitution of Committees\",\r\n    question: \"A Minister is not to be nominated or elected as a member of which of the following Committees?<br>1. Committee on Subordinate Legislation<br>2. Committee on Government Assurances<br>3. Committee on Petitions<br>4. Departmentally Related Standing Committees<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 4 only\",\"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\"1, 3 and 4 only\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract lists the Committees to which a Minister is not to be nominated or elected: the Committee on the Empowerment of Women, Committee on Estimates, Committee on Public Accounts, Committee on Public Undertakings, Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Committee on Subordinate Legislation, Committee on Government Assurances, Committee on Petitions and the Departmentally Related Standing Committees.<br><br>\r\nIt adds the consequence: \"In case, a member after his nomination\/election to any of these Committees is appointed a Minister, such member ceases to be a member of the Committee from the date of such appointment.\" \u2014 the provisos to Rules 306, 309(1), 311(1), 312B(1), 318(1), 324(1), 331B(1) and 331D(2), collected in one place.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 123,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Constitution of Committees\",\r\n    question: \"A member wishes to resign from a Parliamentary Committee. The resignation is to be made\",\r\n    options: [\"by writing under his own hand addressed to the Chairperson of the Committee\",\"by writing under his own hand addressed to the Speaker\",\"by writing addressed to the Secretary-General\",\"orally, at a sitting of the Committee, with the leave of the Chairperson\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) by writing under his own hand addressed to the Speaker<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract states: \"A member may resign from the Committee by writing under own hand addressed to the Speaker.\" This restates Rule 257(1), which also prescribes the form of the letter.<br><br>\r\n<b>Do not confuse the addressees:<\/b> resignation from a COMMITTEE goes to the Speaker (Rule 257(1)); resignation of a SEAT IN THE HOUSE also goes to the Speaker (Article 101(3)(b), Rule 240(1)); but a request for a sitting of the Committee, in the Chairperson's absence, is dealt with by the Secretary-General (Rule 264).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 124,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Constitution of Committees\",\r\n    question: \"A member has remained absent from two or more consecutive sittings of a Committee without the permission of the Chairperson. Such a member may be discharged from the Committee\",\r\n    options: [\"by the Chairperson of the Committee\",\"by the Secretary-General\",\"by the House or the Speaker, as the case may be\",\"only by a resolution of the Committee itself\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) by the House or the Speaker, as the case may be<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract states that where a member remains absent from two or more consecutive sittings of the Committee without the permission of the Chairperson, \"such member may be discharged from the Committee by the House or the Speaker as the case may be.\"<br><br>\r\nThis compresses Rule 260 and its proviso: ordinarily a motion is moved in the HOUSE for the discharge of such member, but where the members of the Committee are nominated by the Speaker, the SPEAKER may discharge him. The Chairperson's role is confined to granting or withholding permission for the absence in the first place.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 125,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Appointment of Chairpersons\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the appointment of Chairpersons of Parliamentary Committees serviced by the Lok Sabha Secretariat:<br>1. The Chairpersons are appointed by the Speaker from amongst the members of the Committee.<br>2. Where the Speaker is a member of the Committee, he is the ex-officio Chairperson of that Committee.<br>3. Where the Speaker is not a member of the Committee but the Deputy Speaker is, the Deputy Speaker is appointed as Chairperson of that Committee.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three are stated in the Abstract: \"The Chairpersons of all the Parliamentary Committees serviced by the Lok Sabha Secretariat are appointed by the Speaker, from amongst the members of the Committee. In case the Speaker is a member of the Committee, is ex-officio Chairperson of that Committee. In case the Speaker is not a member of the Committee but the Deputy Speaker is, then the latter is appointed as Chairperson of that Committee.\"<br><br>\r\n<b>SOURCE NOTE:<\/b> Rule 258(1) expressly provides only for the second limb of this \u2014 \"Provided that the Deputy Speaker, in case is a member of the Committee, shall be appointed as Chairperson of the Committee.\" The Speaker's ex-officio chairpersonship is provided for in the special rules of the two Committees where it arises: the Business Advisory Committee (Rule 287) and the Rules Committee (Rule 330). The Abstract states the practice in its general form.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 126,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Appointment of Chairpersons\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following Committees elects its own Chairperson, instead of the Chairperson being appointed by the Speaker?\",\r\n    options: [\"Joint Committee on Offices of Profit\",\"Library Committee\",\"Joint Committee on Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament\",\"House Committee\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Joint Committee on Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract carves out this single exception: \"However, the Joint Committee on Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament elects its own Chairperson at their first sitting.\"<br><br>\r\nThe exception is explicable \u2014 the Committee is constituted not under the Rules of Procedure but under section 9(1) of the Salary, Allowances and Pension of Members of Parliament Act, 1954, and is a Committee of both Houses making rules for the members of both. It also explains why the term of its members runs for one year from the date of that first sitting at which the Chairperson is elected, rather than from the date of nomination.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 127,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Appointment of Chairpersons\",\r\n    question: \"By an established convention, the Chairperson of the Committee on Public Accounts is\",\r\n    options: [\"a member belonging to the major Opposition Parties\/Groups\",\"the senior-most member of the ruling party on the Committee\",\"one of the Rajya Sabha members associated with the Committee\",\"the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) a member belonging to the major Opposition Parties\/Groups<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract records: \"In case of the Committee on Public Accounts, as per established convention, a member belonging to major Opposition Parties\/Groups is appointed Chairperson of the Committee.\"<br><br>\r\nTwo points follow. First, this is a CONVENTION, not a rule \u2014 the appointing power under Rule 258(1) remains the Speaker's and is unqualified in terms. Second, the convention is workable only because the fifteen Lok Sabha members are elected by proportional representation through the single transferable vote (Rule 309(1)), which guarantees the Opposition a share of the seats. The Chairperson is drawn from the Lok Sabha members elected to the Committee, not from the Rajya Sabha members associated with it.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 128,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Term of Office\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the term of office of Parliamentary Committees:<br>1. Parliamentary Committees hold office for a period of one year as prescribed in the rules, or for a period specified by the Speaker or by the motion, or until a new Committee is nominated.<br>2. The members nominated to the Joint Committee on Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament hold office for a period of one year from the date of the first sitting of the Committee at which the members elect the Chairperson.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 only\",\"2 only\",\"Both 1 and 2\",\"Neither 1 nor 2\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\nStatement 1 states the general position, which harmonises the one-year term prescribed by the special rules (Rules 293(2), 305A(2), 309(2), 311(2), 312B(2), 316A(2), 318(2), 324(2), 325, 331B(2), 331D(4)) with the residuary provision in Rule 256 \u2014 \"for the period specified by the Speaker or until a new Committee is nominated\". (1 \u2713)<br>\r\nStatement 2 reproduces the special position of the Joint Committee on Salaries and Allowances, whose year runs from the first sitting and the election of its Chairperson. (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>The two exceptions to the one-year term worth remembering:<\/b> the Joint Committee on Offices of Profit continues in office for the duration of a Lok Sabha; and the Joint Committee on Salaries and Allowances counts its year from the first sitting.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 129,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Quorum\",\r\n    question: \"The quorum to constitute a sitting of the House Committee of the Lok Sabha is\",\r\n    options: [\"one-third of its total number of members, that is, four\",\"five, against its total strength of twelve\",\"one-tenth of its total number of members\",\"six, against its total strength of twelve\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) five, against its total strength of twelve<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract states the general rule and its single exception together: \"One third of the total number of members of the Committee is required for the quorum to constitute a sitting of the Committee. The quorum to constitute a sitting of the House Committee is 5 against the total strength of 12.\"<br><br>\r\nThe House Committee is therefore the one Committee where the quorum is not worked out as one-third under Rule 259(1) \u2014 five out of twelve is a shade over two-fifths. Everything else in Rule 259 applies to it as usual: in the absence of quorum the Chairperson either suspends the sitting until there is a quorum or adjourns it to some future day, and where the Committee is adjourned for want of quorum on two successive sittings the fact is reported to the Speaker (for a Committee appointed by the Speaker) or else to the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 130,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to the sittings and proceedings of Parliamentary Committees?\",\r\n    options: [\"Sittings of Parliamentary Committees are held in private\",\"A member of the Committee may communicate information regarding its proceedings to the press once the Committee has adopted its report, but before the report is presented to the House\",\"All questions at any sitting of a Committee are determined by a majority of votes of the members present and voting\",\"In the case of an equality of votes on any matter, the Chairperson, or the person acting as such, has a second or casting vote\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract is categorical on the embargo: \"It is not permissible for a member of the Committee or any one who has access to proceedings of the Committee, to communicate, directly or indirectly, to the press any information regarding its proceedings etc., BEFORE THE REPORT HAS BEEN PRESENTED TO THE HOUSE.\" Adoption of the report by the Committee makes no difference; the trigger is presentation to the House.<br><br>\r\nThis corresponds to Rule 275(3), under which the evidence given before a Committee shall not be published by any member of the Committee, or by any other person, until it has been laid on the Table.<br><br>\r\nOptions A, C and D correctly reproduce the Abstract (and Rules 266, 261 and 262 respectively).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 131,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the powers of Parliamentary Committees:<br>1. They may appoint sub-Committees.<br>2. They may take evidence or call for documents and send for persons, papers and records.<br>3. They may make special reports to the House.<br>4. They may make detailed rules for their internal working.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"1, 2 and 3 only\",\"2, 3 and 4 only\",\"1, 2, 3 and 4\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract collects the powers in one sentence: \"The Parliamentary Committees may appoint sub-Committees, take evidence or call for documents, send for persons, papers and records and make special reports to the House. They can make suggestions on procedure. They can make detailed rules for their internal working.\"<br><br>\r\nThe corresponding rules are: sub-Committees, Rule 263; evidence and documents, Rule 269; persons, papers and records, Rule 270; special reports, Rule 276; suggestions on procedure, Rule 281; detailed rules of procedure with the approval of the Speaker, Rule 282.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 132,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General\",\r\n    question: \"With regard to freedom of speech, arrest and similar matters, the members of a Parliamentary Committee\",\r\n    options: [\"enjoy the same rights and powers as are enjoyed by the members of the House\",\"enjoy such privileges as the Speaker may from time to time confer on them\",\"enjoy privileges only during the actual sitting of the Committee\",\"enjoy no privileges beyond those available to a witness appearing before the Committee\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the same rights and powers as are enjoyed by the members of the House<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract states: \"The members of the Committee enjoy the same rights and powers in regard to the freedom of speech, arrest etc. as are enjoyed by the members of the House.\"<br><br>\r\nThis flows from Article 105, which extends freedom of speech and the other privileges to members \"in Parliament\" and in \"any committee thereof\". It is also why proceedings in a Committee are protected, and why anything said by a member in the Committee cannot be made the subject of proceedings in a court.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 133,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General\",\r\n    question: \"Where a member of a Committee has a personal, pecuniary or direct interest in a matter which is to be considered by the Committee, such member is required to state his interest\",\r\n    options: [\"to the Committee at its next sitting\",\"to the Speaker through the Chairperson of the Committee\",\"to the Secretary-General in writing\",\"to the Committee of Privileges\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) to the Speaker through the Chairperson of the Committee<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract states: \"Where a member of a Committee has a personal, pecuniary or direct interest in any matter which is to be considered by the Committee, such member is required to state one's own interest therein to the Speaker through the Chairperson of the Committee.\"<br><br>\r\n<b>Distinguish this from Rule 255<\/b>, which deals with the converse situation \u2014 an OBJECTION taken by another member to a proposed member's inclusion on the ground of interest. There the objector states the ground, the member concerned is heard, evidence may be produced, and the Speaker's decision is final; pending that decision the member may take part in the discussion but may not vote, and if the objection is upheld he ceases to be a member forthwith. The Abstract's paragraph is the self-declaration counterpart, and both routes end at the Speaker.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 134,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Constitution of Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Members are nominated by the Speaker, Lok Sabha, in pursuance of the provisions of the rules governing them, to which of the following Committees?<br>1. Business Advisory Committee<br>2. Committee on Papers Laid on the Table<br>3. House Committee<br>4. Committee on Public Undertakings<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 4 only\",\"1, 2 and 3 only\",\"2, 3 and 4 only\",\"1, 2, 3 and 4\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract lists twelve Committees to which the Speaker, Lok Sabha nominates members in pursuance of the rules governing them: the <b>Business Advisory Committee, Committee of Privileges, Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House, Committee on Government Assurances, Committee on Papers Laid on the Table, Committee on Petitions, Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions, Committee on Subordinate Legislation, General Purposes Committee, House Committee, Rules Committee and Committee on Ethics.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Item 4 is wrong \u2717<\/b> \u2014 the Lok Sabha members of the Committee on Public Undertakings are <b>ELECTED<\/b> by the House by proportional representation through the single transferable vote (Rule 312B(1)), and its Rajya Sabha members are nominated by that House, not by the Speaker.<br><br>\r\n<b>The clean divide:<\/b> ELECTED \u2014 Estimates, Public Accounts, Public Undertakings, SC\/ST Welfare (and, from the Joint Committees, Offices of Profit). NOMINATED by the Speaker \u2014 the twelve listed above, together with the Empowerment of Women, the Library Committee, the Joint Committee on Salaries and Allowances, and the Lok Sabha share of the DRSCs.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 135,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Functions of Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Apart from recommending the allotment of time for Government, legislative and other business referred to it, the Business Advisory Committee may, on its own initiative,\",\r\n    options: [\"recommend to the Government to bring forward particular subjects for discussion in the House and recommend allocation of time for such discussions\",\"direct a Minister to make a statement on any matter of urgent public importance\",\"alter the order of business set out in the List of Business for the day\",\"determine the admissibility of motions and resolutions\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract describes the function in two limbs: to recommend the time that should be allotted for the discussion of such Government, legislative and other business as the Speaker, in consultation with the Leader of the House, may direct to be referred to the Committee; and \u2014 \"The Committee, on its own initiative may also recommend to the Government to bring forward particular subjects for discussion in the House and recommend allocation of time for such discussions.\"<br><br>\r\nThe second limb is the point of the question: the BAC is not purely reactive. What it does NOT do is decide admissibility, which is the Speaker's function under Rules 43(1), 187 and 174.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 136,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Functions of Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"The functions of the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions include<br>1. allotting time to private members' Bills and Resolutions;<br>2. examining private members' Bills seeking to amend the Constitution before their introduction in the Lok Sabha;<br>3. examining such private members' Bills where the legislative competence of the House is challenged.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three are the functions summarised in the Abstract, and they correspond to Rule 294(1) \u2014 clause (c) on allotment of time, clause (a) on Constitution amendment Bills before a motion for leave to introduce is included in the list of business, and clause (d) on Bills opposed on the ground of legislative competence where the Speaker considers the objection prima facie tenable.<br><br>\r\nNote the timing in statement 2: the examination happens BEFORE introduction. That is what makes this Committee a pre-legislative filter for private members' Constitution amendment Bills, and it is also why the Explanation to Rule 288 keeps private members' business out of the Business Advisory Committee's remit \u2014 the two Committees divide the field between them.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 137,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Functions of Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Papers Laid on the Table examines all papers laid on the Table of the House by Ministers, other than\",\r\n    options: [\"papers laid in Hindi only\",\"papers relating to public undertakings\",\"those which fall within the purview of the Committee on Subordinate Legislation or any other Parliamentary Committee\",\"papers laid when the House is not in session\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract defines the Committee's field with an express exclusion: it examines all papers laid on the Table of the House by Ministers \"(other than those which fall within the purview of the Committee on Subordinate Legislation or any other Parliamentary Committee)\".<br><br>\r\nThe exclusion prevents duplication \u2014 statutory Orders required to be laid before the House are the province of the Committee on Subordinate Legislation under Rules 317 to 322. It belongs to the same family of anti-overlap provisions as Rule 331M (the DRSCs shall not generally consider matters considered by other Committees) and Rule 331Q (other Committees shall not consider matters exclusively assigned to the Committee on the Empowerment of Women).<br><br>\r\nUnder the Abstract the Committee reports on six heads, including one not spelt out in Rule 305B as commonly cited \u2014 whether a statement explaining the reasons for not laying the Hindi version has been given and whether such reasons are satisfactory.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 138,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Functions of Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Besides considering and reporting on petitions presented to the House, the Committee on Petitions also\",\r\n    options: [\"considers representations from individuals, associations etc. not covered by the rules relating to petitions and gives directions for their disposal\",\"decides whether a petition requires the recommendation of the President\",\"examines the annual reports of the Ministries to which the petitions relate\",\"reviews the working of the grievance redressal machinery of the Government\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract gives the Committee's functions as: \"To consider and report on petitions presented to the House. Also to consider representations from various individuals, associations etc. not covered by the rules relating to petitions and give directions for their disposal.\"<br><br>\r\nThe second limb is significant in practice \u2014 it lets the Committee take up grievances that fall outside the formal categories of petitions under Rule 160, so that a communication is not lost merely because it does not answer the technical description of a petition. Under Rule 307(3) the Committee, after taking such evidence as it deems fit, reports on the specific complaints and suggests remedial measures, either in a concrete form applicable to the case or to prevent such cases in future.<br><br>\r\nOption B is a different matter \u2014 under Rule 160A, a petition dealing with matters specified in Article 110(1)(a) to (f), or involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India, cannot be presented unless recommended by the President.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 139,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Functions of Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee of Privileges examines every question involving breach of privilege<br>1. of the House;<br>2. of the members;<br>3. of any Committee of the House;<br>which is referred to it by the House or by the Speaker.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract states the Committee's mandate as examining \"every question involving breach of privilege of the House or of the members or of any Committee thereof referred to it by the House or by the Speaker\", and determining with reference to the facts of each case whether a breach of privilege is involved, making suitable recommendations in its report.<br><br>\r\nThe reference may come from either source: under Rule 226 the House may itself refer the question to the Committee on a motion, and under Rule 227 \u2014 \"Notwithstanding anything contained in these rules\" \u2014 the Speaker may refer any question of privilege to the Committee for examination, investigation or report.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 140,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Functions of Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the Committee on Ethics of the Lok Sabha:<br>1. It was constituted as an ad hoc Committee from the year 2000.<br>2. The Rules Committee, in its Second Report presented to the House on 5 August 2015, recommended making it a permanent Standing Committee by incorporating the relevant rules in the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha.<br>3. It is mandated to formulate a Code of Conduct for members and to suggest amendments or additions to that Code.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three are stated in the Abstract. The Committee on Ethics began life as an ad hoc Committee in 2000; the Rules Committee's Second Report, presented on 05.08.2015, recommended that it be made a permanent Standing Committee by incorporating the relevant rules in the Rules of Procedure \u2014 which is how Rules 316A to 316F came to be inserted (by Lok Sabha Bulletin Part II dated 13.8.2015).<br><br>\r\nIts functions are to examine every complaint relating to unethical conduct of a member of the Lok Sabha referred to it by the Speaker and make such recommendations as it may deem fit, and to formulate a Code of Conduct for members and suggest amendments or additions to it from time to time (Rule 316B).<br><br>\r\nThe date is worth carrying: <b>2000 (ad hoc) \u2192 5 August 2015 (Rules Committee's Second Report) \u2192 Rules 316A\u2013316F.<\/b>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 141,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Functions of Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Subordinate Legislation scrutinises and reports to the House whether the powers to make regulations, rules, sub-rules and bye-laws conferred by the Constitution or delegated by Parliament are being properly exercised\",\r\n    options: [\"by the executive, within the scope of such delegation\",\"by the State Legislatures, within the scope of the Seventh Schedule\",\"by the courts, in the exercise of judicial review\",\"by the Committee on Papers Laid on the Table, in respect of statutory Orders\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) by the executive, within the scope of such delegation<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract states the mandate as scrutinising and reporting to the House \"whether the powers to make regulations, rules, sub-rules, bye-laws etc. conferred by the Constitution or delegated by Parliament are being properly exercised by the executive within the scope of such delegation.\" Rule 317 is in the same terms.<br><br>\r\nEverything about the Committee's work follows from those words \"within the scope of such delegation\" \u2014 hence the heads of examination in Rule 320, which ask, among other things, whether the Order is in accord with the general objects of the Constitution or the Act pursuant to which it is made, whether it contains matter which should more properly be dealt with in an Act of Parliament, whether it imposes a tax, whether it bars the jurisdiction of the courts, and whether it makes some unusual or unexpected use of the powers conferred.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 142,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Functions of Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following pairs of Committee and function is NOT correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\"General Purposes Committee \u2014 to advise the Speaker on such matters concerning the affairs of the House as may be referred to it by the Speaker from time to time\",\"House Committee \u2014 to deal with all questions relating to residential accommodation for members of the Lok Sabha and to supervise facilities in members' residences and hostels in Delhi\",\"Library Committee \u2014 to consider and advise on such matters concerning the Library as may be referred to it by the Speaker, and to assist members of both Houses in fully utilising the services provided by the Library\",\"Committee on Government Assurances \u2014 to examine whether the assurances given by Ministers are within the legislative competence of the House\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) \u2014 not correctly matched.<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Committee on Government Assurances scrutinises the assurances, promises and undertakings given by Ministers from time to time and reports on the extent to which they have been implemented and whether such implementation has taken place within the minimum time necessary for the purpose (Rule 323). Legislative competence has nothing to do with it \u2014 that question belongs to the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions under Rule 294(1)(d).<br><br>\r\nThe other three pairs reproduce the Abstract correctly. Note that the House Committee's supervision extends beyond accommodation to facilities for food, medical aid and other amenities accorded to members in members' residences and hostels in Delhi.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 143,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Functions of Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"The Joint Committee on Offices of Profit recommends what offices should and should not disqualify a person for being chosen as, and for being, a member of either House of Parliament under\",\r\n    options: [\"Article 102 of the Constitution\",\"Article 105 of the Constitution\",\"Article 110 of the Constitution\",\"Article 122 of the Constitution\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Article 102 of the Constitution<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract states that the Committee examines the composition and character of the Committees appointed by the Central and State Governments and recommends what offices should disqualify, and what offices should not disqualify, a person for being chosen as, and for being, a member of either House of Parliament \"under article 102 of the Constitution\". Its other function is to scrutinise from time to time the Schedule to the Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959 and to recommend amendments to that Schedule by way of addition, omission or otherwise.<br><br>\r\nThe Abstract's closing citation confirms the framework: \"Article 102 of the Constitution and Rules 253 to 331N of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha and Directions 48 to 108 of the Directions by the Speaker lay down the rules and practices about the Parliamentary Committees.\"`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 144,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General\",\r\n    question: \"The rules and practices relating to Parliamentary Committees are laid down in<br>1. Article 102 of the Constitution;<br>2. the rules contained in Chapter XXVI of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha;<br>3. the Directions by the Speaker.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\",\"1 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract's concluding citation reads: \"Article 102 of the Constitution and Rules 253 to 331N of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha and Directions 48 to 108 of the Directions by the Speaker lay down the rules and practices about the Parliamentary Committees.\"<br><br>\r\nThe three sources are complementary: the Constitution supplies the disqualification framework relevant to the Joint Committee on Offices of Profit; Chapter XXVI supplies the rules; and the Speaker's Directions supply the working practice. The Abstract itself is published under Rule 382, which empowers the Speaker to authorise the printing, publication, distribution or sale of any paper, document or report in connection with the business of the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>SOURCE NOTE:<\/b> the citation \"Rules 253 to 331N\" is not current \u2014 Chapter XXVI now runs to Rule 331Q, Rules 331O to 331Q (Committee on the Empowerment of Women) having been added with effect from 6.3.1997. In an examination worded on the Rules, treat the Chapter as Rules 253 to 331Q.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 145,\r\n    source: \"Lok Sabha Secretariat Abstract, T.O. No. 91 (2024)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding sources on Parliamentary Committees:<br>1. The Abstract on Parliamentary Committees issued by the Lok Sabha Secretariat is published under Rule 382 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha.<br>2. The Abstract states in terms that the information contained in it is not exhaustive and that it is prudent to refer to and rely on the original sources for full information.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 only\",\"2 only\",\"Both 1 and 2\",\"Neither 1 nor 2\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe imprint page records that the Abstract is \"Published under Rule 382 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha (Seventeenth Edition)\". <b>Rule 382(1):<\/b> \"The Speaker may authorise printing, publication, distribution or sale of any paper, document or report in connection with the business of the House or any paper, document or report laid on the table or presented to the House or a Committee thereof.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\nThe Preface states that the Abstract is based on the Rules of Procedure and the Directions issued by the Speaker and is intended to serve as a handy guide for ready reference, but that \"The information contained in this Abstract is, however, not exhaustive. It will, therefore, be prudent to refer to and rely on the original sources for full information.\" (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Practical rule for the examination:<\/b> where the Abstract and the Rules differ in wording \u2014 as with the strength of the Committee on Petitions, shown as a flat \"15\" in the Abstract but \"not less than fifteen\" in Rule 306 \u2014 answer from the RULE if the question is worded in rule language, and from the Abstract if the question reproduces its phrasing.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/* ===== SECTION 4 - rule-recital to value format - ids 146-190 ===== *\/\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 146,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 259(1)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"According to Rule 259(1) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the quorum to constitute a sitting of a Committee shall be, as near as may be :\",\r\n    options: [\"One-fourth of the total number of members of the Committee\",\"One-third of the total number of members of the Committee\",\"One-half of the total number of members of the Committee\",\"One-tenth of the total number of members of the Committee\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) One-third of the total number of members of the Committee<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 259(1):<\/b> <i>\"The quorum to constitute a sitting of a Committee shall be, as near as may be, one-third of the total number of members of the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe words \"as near as may be\" matter \u2014 for a Committee of 22 the quorum works out at 7, and for one of 31 at 10 or 11; the fraction is applied as closely as the whole number permits.<br><br>\r\n<b>Why option (d) is placed there:<\/b> one-tenth is the quorum of the HOUSE under <b>Article 100(3)<\/b>, not of a Committee. The Commission has already used this pair against candidates \u2014 the 2016-17 paper set a \"not correct\" question carrying both figures together.<br><br>\r\n<b>The one exception:<\/b> the quorum of the HOUSE COMMITTEE is 5 against its total strength of 12 (Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract on Parliamentary Committees), and not one-third.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 147,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 259(3)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"When a Committee has been adjourned for want of quorum, on how many successive dates fixed for sittings of the Committee must such adjournment occur before the Chairperson is required to report the fact to the House or, as the case may be, to the Speaker?\",\r\n    options: [\"Two successive dates\",\"Three successive dates\",\"Four successive dates\",\"Five successive dates\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Two successive dates<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 259(3):<\/b> <i>\"When the Committee has been adjourned in pursuance of sub-rule (2) on two successive dates fixed for sittings of the Committee, the Chairperson shall report the fact to the House: Provided that where the Committee has been appointed by the Speaker, the Chairperson shall report the fact of such adjournment to the Speaker.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe reporting authority follows the appointing authority \u2014 the House for a Committee constituted by the House, the Speaker for one nominated by him.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the coincidence of figures, which the examiner exploits:<\/b> \"TWO\" appears twice in quick succession in this Chapter \u2014 two successive adjournments for want of quorum under Rule 259(3), and absence from two or more consecutive sittings attracting discharge under Rule 260. They are different situations with the same numeral.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 148,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 310\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Estimates\",\r\n    question: \"Rule 310 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha enumerates the functions of the Committee on Estimates. How many functions are so enumerated?\",\r\n    options: [\"Two\",\"Three\",\"Four\",\"Six\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Four<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 310<\/i> lists four functions:<br>\r\n<b>(a)<\/b> to report what economies, improvements in organisation, efficiency or administrative reform, consistent with the policy underlying the estimates, may be effected;<br>\r\n<b>(b)<\/b> to suggest alternative policies in order to bring about efficiency and economy in administration;<br>\r\n<b>(c)<\/b> to examine whether the money is well laid out within the limits of the policy implied in the estimates;<br>\r\n<b>(d)<\/b> to suggest the form in which the estimates shall be presented to Parliament.<br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 310:<\/b> the Committee shall not exercise its functions in relation to such public undertakings as are allotted to the Committee on Public Undertakings by these rules or by the Speaker.<br><br>\r\nTwo other counts in the Chapter are set the same way: the NINE heads of examination under Rule 320 (Subordinate Legislation) and the SIX matters reported on under Rule 305B(1) (Papers Laid on the Table).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 149,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 277(1)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Where the House has not fixed any time for the presentation of a report by a Committee, within what period of the date on which reference to the Committee was made shall the report be presented?\",\r\n    options: [\"Within fifteen days\",\"Within one month\",\"Within two months\",\"Within three months\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Within one month<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 277(1):<\/b> <i>\"Where the House has not fixed any time for the presentation of a report by a Committee the report shall be presented within one month of the date on which reference to the Committee was made: Provided that the House may at any time, on a motion being made, direct that the time for the presentation of the report by the Committee be extended to a date specified in the motion.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d) is the deliberate near-miss<\/b> \u2014 three months is the period for a SELECT COMMITTEE ON A BILL under the proviso to Rule 303(1), running from the date on which the House adopted the motion for the reference of the Bill. Being a special rule, it prevails over the general one-month rule by force of Rule 286.<br><br>\r\n<b>One month = Committees generally. Three months = Select Committee on a Bill.<\/b>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 150,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 303(1) proviso\",\r\n    chapter: \"Select Committees on Bills\",\r\n    question: \"Where the House has not fixed any time for the presentation of the report by a Select Committee on a Bill, the report shall be presented before the expiry of what period from the date on which the House adopted the motion for the reference of the Bill to the Select Committee?\",\r\n    options: [\"One month\",\"Six weeks\",\"Two months\",\"Three months\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Three months<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 303(1):<\/b> <i>\"Provided that where the House has not fixed any time for the presentation of the report by a Select Committee, the report shall be presented before the expiry of three months from the date on which the House adopted the motion for the reference of the Bill to the Select Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote the point from which the three months run \u2014 not the date of introduction of the Bill, nor the date on which the Committee first met, but the date on which the HOUSE ADOPTED THE MOTION for reference.<br><br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 303(1):<\/b> the House may at any time, on a motion being made, extend the time for presentation to a date specified in the motion \u2014 the same relieving power as in Rule 277(1).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 151,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 287\",\r\n    chapter: \"Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    question: \"At the commencement of the House or from time to time, as the case may be, the Speaker may nominate a Committee called the Business Advisory Committee consisting of not more than how many members, including the Speaker who shall be the Chairperson of the Committee?\",\r\n    options: [\"Twelve members\",\"Twenty members\",\"Fifteen members\",\"Twenty-two members\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Fifteen members<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 287:<\/b> <i>\"At the commencement of the House or from time to time, as the case may be, the Speaker may nominate a Committee called the Business Advisory Committee consisting of not more than fifteen members including the Speaker who shall be the Chairperson of the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo things are packed into the same clause, and either can be the value asked for: the ceiling of FIFTEEN, and the word INCLUDING \u2014 the Speaker is counted within the fifteen, not over and above it.<br><br>\r\nFifteen is the commonest strength in this Chapter. It is the figure for the BAC (287), Private Members' Bills and Resolutions (293(1)), Papers Laid on the Table (305A(1)), Petitions (306, as a floor), Privileges (313), Ethics (316A(1)), Subordinate Legislation (318(1)), Government Assurances (324(1)), Absence of Members (325) and the Rules Committee (330).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 152,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 290 provisos\",\r\n    chapter: \"Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    question: \"On a motion that the House agrees, or agrees with amendments, or disagrees with the report of the Business Advisory Committee, not more than what time shall be allotted for the discussion of the motion?\",\r\n    options: [\"Not more than fifteen minutes\",\"Not more than half an hour\",\"Not more than one hour\",\"Not more than two hours\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Not more than half an hour<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 290:<\/b> <i>\"Provided further that not more than half an hour shall be allotted for the discussion of the motion and no member shall speak for more than five minutes on such motion.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule carries TWO values in one breath \u2014 half an hour for the whole discussion, and five minutes per member \u2014 so either may be asked. <b>Rule 295<\/b> lays down an identical scheme for the report of the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions.<br><br>\r\nHalf an hour recurs elsewhere in the Chapter: under <b>Rule 315(2)<\/b> the Speaker may permit a debate not exceeding half an hour on the motion that the report of the Committee of Privileges be taken into consideration, and <b>Rule 316E(2)<\/b> makes the same provision for the Committee on Ethics.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 153,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 290 provisos\",\r\n    chapter: \"Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    question: \"On a motion relating to the report of the Business Advisory Committee, for how long may a member speak?\",\r\n    options: [\"Not more than three minutes\",\"Not more than fifteen minutes\",\"Not more than ten minutes\",\"Not more than five minutes\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Not more than five minutes<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Second proviso to Rule 290:<\/b> <i>\"...not more than half an hour shall be allotted for the discussion of the motion and no member shall speak for more than five minutes on such motion.\"<\/i> The same limit applies under <b>Rule 295<\/b> to the report of the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions.<br><br>\r\n<b>Do not carry across the fifteen minutes of Rule 178<\/b> \u2014 that is the limit for a speech on a RESOLUTION (with thirty minutes for the mover and for the Minister speaking first), and it was the subject of Q34 of the 2025 paper. Five minutes here; fifteen there.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 154,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 292 proviso\",\r\n    chapter: \"Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    question: \"No variation in the Allocation of Time Order shall be made except on a motion made with the consent of the Speaker and accepted by the House. However, the Speaker may, after taking the sense of the House, increase the time without any motion being moved, by a period not exceeding :\",\r\n    options: [\"Half an hour\",\"Three hours\",\"Two hours\",\"One hour\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) One hour<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 292:<\/b> <i>\"No variation in the Allocation of Time Order shall be made except on a motion made, with the consent of the Speaker, and accepted by the House: Provided that the Speaker may, after taking the sense of the House, increase the time, not exceeding one hour, without any motion being moved.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe proviso is a narrow relieving power, and the question turns on its two limits: the increase must not exceed ONE HOUR, and it may be made only \"after taking the sense of the House\".<br><br>\r\n<b>Related:<\/b> <b>Rule 290A<\/b> \u2014 the allocation of time as approved by the House takes effect as if it were an order of the House and is notified in the Bulletin; <b>Rule 291<\/b> \u2014 at the appointed hour the Speaker shall forthwith put every question necessary to dispose of all outstanding matters at that stage (the guillotine).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 155,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 305B(1)(d)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Papers Laid on the Table\",\r\n    question: \"Among the matters on which the Committee on Papers Laid on the Table reports to the House is whether both the versions of the paper have been laid on the Table. Which two versions are these?\",\r\n    options: [\"The Hindi and English versions\",\"The printed and electronic versions\",\"The draft and final versions\",\"The Hindi version and the version in the language of the State concerned\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) The Hindi and English versions<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 305B(1)(d):<\/b> the Committee reports to the House on <i>\"whether both the Hindi and English versions of the paper have been laid on the Table.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe requirement flows from Article 348 and the practice of bilingual laying, and the Committee's supervision does not stop there. The Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract records a further head: whether a statement explaining the reasons for NOT laying the Hindi version has been given, and whether such reasons are satisfactory.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other heads under Rule 305B(1):<\/b> (a) whether there has been compliance with the provisions of the Constitution, Act, rule or regulation under which the paper has been laid; (b) whether there has been any unreasonable delay in laying the paper; (c) if there has been such delay, whether a statement explaining the reasons has been laid and whether those reasons are satisfactory.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 305C:<\/b> a member wishing to raise any of these matters shall refer it to the Committee and NOT raise it in the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 156,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 294(1)(b)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions examines private members' Bills after their introduction and classifies them, according to their nature, urgency and importance, into how many categories?\",\r\n    options: [\"Two categories, namely category A and category B\",\"Three categories, namely categories A, B and C\",\"Four categories, namely categories A, B, C and D\",\"No fixed number of categories, as the Speaker may direct\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Two categories, namely category A and category B<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 294(1)(b):<\/b> the Committee examines private members' Bills after introduction and before they come up for consideration in the House \"and to classify them according to their nature, urgency and importance into two categories namely, category A and category B.\"<br><br>\r\nThe classification is not academic \u2014 under <b>Rule 296<\/b> the classification of Bills and the allocation of time in respect of Bills and resolutions, as approved by the House, takes effect as if it were an order of the House; and under the provisos to <b>Rule 27(2)<\/b> the relative precedence of Bills within each category is determined by ballot.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 157,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 331G(e)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"In the procedure to be followed by the Departmentally Related Standing Committees in considering the Demands for Grants and making a report thereon to the Houses, how many reports are to be made on the Demands for Grants?\",\r\n    options: [\"A single consolidated report covering all the Ministries within the Committee's jurisdiction\",\"There shall be a separate report on the Demands for Grants of each Ministry\",\"A separate report for each Ministry, but only where the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker so directs\",\"One report for each Part of the Fifth Schedule\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) A separate report on the Demands for Grants of each Ministry<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 331G(e):<\/b> <i>\"there shall be a separate report on the Demands for Grants of each Ministry.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The rest of the procedure under Rule 331G:<\/b><br>\r\n(a) after the general discussion on the Budget in the Houses is over, the Houses shall be adjourned for a fixed period;<br>\r\n(b) the Committees shall consider the Demands for Grants during that period;<br>\r\n(c) the Committees shall make their report within the period and <b>shall not ask for more time<\/b>;<br>\r\n(d) the Demands for Grants shall be considered by the House in the light of the reports of the Committees.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 331E(1)(a)<\/b> adds the substantive limit: the report \"shall not suggest anything of the nature of cut motions.\"`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 158,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 306\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Petitions\",\r\n    question: \"At the commencement of the House, or from time to time, as the case may be, the Speaker shall nominate a Committee on Petitions consisting of :\",\r\n    options: [\"Not less than fifteen members\",\"Not more than fifteen members\",\"Exactly fifteen members\",\"Not more than twenty-two members\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Not less than fifteen members<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 306:<\/b> <i>\"At the commencement of the House, or from time to time, as the case may be, the Speaker shall nominate a Committee on Petitions consisting of not less than fifteen members.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>This is the sharpest drafting distinction in the whole Chapter.<\/b> The Committee on Petitions is the ONLY Committee expressed as a FLOOR \u2014 \"not less than\". Every other fifteen-member Committee is expressed as a CEILING \u2014 \"not more than fifteen\" (Rules 287, 293(1), 305A(1), 313, 316A(1), 318(1), 324(1)) \u2014 except the Committee on Absence of Members (Rule 325) and the Rules Committee (Rule 330), which use a flat \"fifteen\".<br><br>\r\n<b>SOURCE NOTE:<\/b> the membership table in the Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract on Parliamentary Committees shows the Committee on Petitions simply as \"15\". Where a question is worded in the language of the Rules, answer from Rule 306.<br><br>\r\n<b>Proviso to Rule 306:<\/b> a Minister shall not be nominated a member, and a member appointed a Minister after nomination ceases to be a member from the date of such appointment.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 159,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 309(1)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Accounts\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Public Accounts shall consist of not more than how many members?\",\r\n    options: [\"Fifteen members\",\"Thirty-one members\",\"Thirty members\",\"Twenty-two members\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Twenty-two members<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 309(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Committee shall consist of not more than 22 members comprising 15 members who shall be elected by the House every year from amongst its members according to the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote and not more than 7 members of Rajya Sabha to be nominated by that House for being associated with the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The four ceilings of this Chapter, which supply each other's distractors:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>15<\/b> \u2014 the nominated Committees;<br>\r\n<b>22<\/b> \u2014 Public Accounts (309(1)) and Public Undertakings (312B(1)), each 15 + 7;<br>\r\n<b>30<\/b> \u2014 Estimates (311(1), all Lok Sabha), SC\/ST Welfare (331B(1), 20 + 10) and Empowerment of Women (331O(2), 20 + 10);<br>\r\n<b>31<\/b> \u2014 each Departmentally Related Standing Committee (331D(1), 21 + 10).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 160,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 309(1)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Accounts\",\r\n    question: \"Of the members of the Committee on Public Accounts, how many are elected by the Lok Sabha and how many members of the Rajya Sabha are nominated by that House for being associated with the Committee?\",\r\n    options: [\"7 elected by the Lok Sabha and not more than 15 nominated from the Rajya Sabha\",\"15 elected by the Lok Sabha and not more than 7 nominated from the Rajya Sabha\",\"16 elected by the Lok Sabha and not more than 7 nominated from the Rajya Sabha\",\"20 elected by the Lok Sabha and not more than 10 nominated from the Rajya Sabha\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 15 elected by the Lok Sabha and not more than 7 nominated from the Rajya Sabha<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 309(1):<\/b> 22 members in all \u2014 \"15 members who shall be elected by the House every year ... according to the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote and not more than 7 members of Rajya Sabha to be nominated by that House for being associated with the Committee.\"<br><br>\r\nTwo distinctions are built into the same clause and both are examinable:<br>\r\n\u2022 the Lok Sabha members are <b>ELECTED<\/b>; the Rajya Sabha members are <b>NOMINATED<\/b>;<br>\r\n\u2022 the nomination is made by the <b>RAJYA SABHA<\/b> itself, not by the Speaker and not by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha in his personal capacity.<br><br>\r\nOption (d) is the 20 + 10 pattern of the SC\/ST Welfare and Empowerment of Women Committees \u2014 the commonest confusion.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 161,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 309(2)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Accounts\",\r\n    question: \"The term of office of members of the Committee on Public Accounts shall not exceed :\",\r\n    options: [\"One year\",\"Two years\",\"Three years\",\"Five years\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) One year<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 309(2):<\/b> <i>\"The term of office of members of the Committee shall not exceed one year.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe one-year term is the standard throughout Chapter XXVI \u2014 Rules 293(2), 305A(2), 309(2), 311(2), 312B(2), 316A(2), 318(2), 324(2), 325, 331B(2) and 331D(4) all carry it. It ties to the words \"elected by the House EVERY YEAR\" in the composition rules of the Financial Committees.<br><br>\r\n<b>The exceptions worth knowing (both from outside Chapter XXVI, per the Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract):<\/b> the Joint Committee on Offices of Profit continues in office for the DURATION OF A LOK SABHA; and the members of the Joint Committee on Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament hold office for one year from the date of the FIRST SITTING at which the Chairperson is elected.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 162,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 311(1)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Estimates\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Estimates shall consist of not more than how many members, who shall be elected by the House every year from amongst its members according to the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote?\",\r\n    options: [\"Fifteen members\",\"Twenty-two members\",\"Thirty members\",\"Thirty-one members\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Thirty members<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 311(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Committee shall consist of not more than thirty members who shall be elected by the House every year from amongst its members according to the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Two features of the Estimates Committee follow from the words of this rule and are constantly examined:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 it is the LARGEST of the three Financial Committees \u2014 30, against 22 each for Public Accounts and Public Undertakings;<br>\r\n\u2022 the rule stops at \"elected by the House\" and says nothing about the Rajya Sabha, because the Estimates Committee is composed EXCLUSIVELY of Lok Sabha members. It is the only Financial Committee with no Rajya Sabha association.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 311(2):<\/b> the term shall not exceed one year. <b>Proviso to Rule 311(1):<\/b> a Minister shall not be elected a member.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 163,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 312A\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Undertakings\",\r\n    question: \"There shall be a Committee on Public Undertakings for the examination of the working of the public undertakings specified in :\",\r\n    options: [\"The Second Schedule\",\"The Third Schedule\",\"The Fourth Schedule\",\"The Fifth Schedule\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) The Fourth Schedule<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 312A:<\/b> <i>\"There shall be a Committee on Public Undertakings for the examination of the working of the public undertakings specified in the Fourth Schedule.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The two Schedules of this Chapter \u2014 commit them as a pair:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>FOURTH Schedule<\/b> \u2192 the public undertakings within the remit of the Committee on Public Undertakings (Rule 312A);<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>FIFTH Schedule<\/b> \u2192 the Ministries\/Departments allotted to each Departmentally Related Standing Committee (Rule 331C(2)), divided into Part I (Rajya Sabha side) and Part II (Lok Sabha side) for the purposes of Rules 331D(3) and 331J.<br><br>\r\nThese are Schedules to the RULES OF PROCEDURE, and have nothing to do with the Schedules to the Constitution.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 164,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 312B(1)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Undertakings\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Public Undertakings shall consist of not more than how many members, and of these how many are members of the Rajya Sabha nominated by that House for being associated with the Committee?\",\r\n    options: [\"22 members in all, of whom not more than 7 are from the Rajya Sabha\",\"30 members in all, of whom not more than 10 are from the Rajya Sabha\",\"31 members in all, of whom not more than 10 are from the Rajya Sabha\",\"22 members in all, of whom not more than 10 are from the Rajya Sabha\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) 22 members in all, of whom not more than 7 are from the Rajya Sabha<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 312B(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Committee shall consist of not more than 22 members comprising 15 members who shall be elected by the House every year from amongst its members according to the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote and not more than 7 members of Rajya Sabha to be nominated by that House for being associated with the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe composition is word-for-word the same as the Public Accounts Committee's under Rule 309(1) \u2014 15 elected + not more than 7 associated = 22 \u2014 and the term under <b>Rule 312B(2)<\/b> is likewise not exceeding one year.<br><br>\r\n<b>Pair them in memory:<\/b> PAC and CPU are twins on composition (22 = 15 + 7); the Estimates Committee stands apart (30, all Lok Sabha).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 165,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 259(2)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"If at any time fixed for a sitting of a Committee, or at any time during such sitting, there is no quorum, the Chairperson of the Committee shall :\",\r\n    options: [\"Either suspend the sitting until there is a quorum or adjourn the sitting to some future day\",\"Proceed with the sitting, the decisions being subject to ratification at the next sitting\",\"Report the fact forthwith to the Speaker and await directions\",\"Dissolve the sitting and refer the matter to the Committee of Privileges\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Either suspend the sitting until there is a quorum or adjourn the sitting to some future day<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 259(2):<\/b> <i>\"If at any time fixed for any sitting of the Committee, or if at any time during any such sitting, there is no quorum, the Chairperson of the Committee shall either suspend the sitting until there is a quorum or adjourn the sitting to some future day.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nNote that the rule bites at TWO moments \u2014 at the hour fixed for the sitting, and at any time DURING it, so that a quorum lost mid-sitting has the same consequence as one never formed. The Chairperson has a choice between the two courses, but no third option: he cannot proceed without a quorum.<br><br>\r\nOption (c) states what happens only at a later stage: under <b>Rule 259(3)<\/b>, where the Committee has been adjourned for want of quorum on TWO SUCCESSIVE dates fixed for its sittings, the Chairperson reports the fact to the House \u2014 or, where the Committee was appointed by the Speaker, to the Speaker.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 166,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 315(2)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee of Privileges\",\r\n    question: \"Before putting to the House the question that the report of the Committee of Privileges be taken into consideration, the Speaker may permit a debate on the motion, not exceeding what duration?\",\r\n    options: [\"Not exceeding fifteen minutes\",\"Not exceeding two hours\",\"Not exceeding one hour\",\"Not exceeding half an hour\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Not exceeding half an hour<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 315(2):<\/b> <i>\"Before putting the question to the House, the Speaker may permit a debate on the motion, not exceeding half an hour in duration, and such debate shall not refer to the details of the report further than is necessary to make out a case for the consideration of the report by the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe same half-hour ceiling appears at <b>Rule 316E(2)<\/b> for the report of the Committee on Ethics, and at <b>Rules 290 and 295<\/b> for the reports of the Business Advisory Committee and the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions respectively.<br><br>\r\nNote the second half of the sub-rule, which is a limit of a different kind: the debate must not go into the details of the report beyond what is needed to make out a case for its consideration.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 167,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 316A\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Ethics\",\r\n    question: \"There shall be a Committee on Ethics consisting of not more than how many members, and it shall hold office for a term not exceeding what period?\",\r\n    options: [\"Not more than ten members; term not exceeding one year\",\"Not more than twenty-two members; term not exceeding one year\",\"Not more than fifteen members; term not exceeding two years\",\"Not more than fifteen members; term not exceeding one year\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Not more than fifteen members; term not exceeding one year<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 316A(1):<\/b> <i>\"There shall be a Committee on Ethics consisting of not more than fifteen members.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 316A(2):<\/b> <i>\"The Committee shall be nominated by the Speaker and shall hold office for a term not exceeding one year.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nRules 316A to 316F were inserted with effect from 13.8.2015. The Committee had functioned as an AD HOC Committee from 2000, and was made a permanent Standing Committee on the recommendation of the Rules Committee in its Second Report presented to the House on 5 August 2015.<br><br>\r\n<b>Its distinctive feature:<\/b> under <b>Rule 316D(2)<\/b> the report is presented to the SPEAKER, who may direct that it be laid on the Table \u2014 an exception to Rule 279(1), under which a Committee's report is presented to the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 168,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 318\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Subordinate Legislation\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Subordinate Legislation shall consist of not more than how many members, who shall be nominated by the Speaker?\",\r\n    options: [\"Ten members\",\"Twenty-two members\",\"Fifteen members\",\"Thirty members\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Fifteen members<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 318(1):<\/b> <i>\"The Committee shall consist of not more than fifteen members who shall be nominated by the Speaker: Provided that a Minister shall not be nominated a member of the Committee, and if a member, after nomination to the Committee is appointed a Minister, such member shall cease to be a member of the Committee from the date of such appointment.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 318(2):<\/b> the term of office shall not exceed one year.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the mode:<\/b> NOMINATED by the Speaker, not elected. Rule 318 is one of the four pairs in the 2015 matched-pairs PYQ on the manner of choosing members \u2014 Estimates (elected by STV), Privileges (nominated), Public Accounts (ELECTED, the wrong pair) and Subordinate Legislation (nominated).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 169,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 320\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Subordinate Legislation\",\r\n    question: \"After an Order is laid before the House, the Committee on Subordinate Legislation is required to consider, in particular, how many specified matters?\",\r\n    options: [\"Five matters\",\"Seven matters\",\"Nine matters\",\"Eleven matters\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Nine matters<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 320<\/b> enumerates NINE heads, numbered (i) to (ix):<br>\r\n(i) whether it is in accord with the general objects of the Constitution or the Act pursuant to which it is made;<br>\r\n(ii) whether it contains matter which should more properly be dealt with in an Act of Parliament;<br>\r\n(iii) whether it contains imposition of any tax;<br>\r\n(iv) whether it directly or indirectly bars the jurisdiction of the courts;<br>\r\n(v) whether it gives retrospective effect to any of the provisions in respect of which the Constitution or the Act does not expressly give any such power;<br>\r\n(vi) whether it involves expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India or the public revenues;<br>\r\n(vii) whether it appears to make some unusual or unexpected use of the powers conferred by the Constitution or the Act pursuant to which it is made;<br>\r\n(viii) whether there appears to have been unjustifiable delay in its publication or in laying it before Parliament;<br>\r\n(ix) whether for any reason its form or purport calls for any elucidation.<br><br>\r\nAn \"Order\" for this purpose is defined by <b>Rule 319<\/b> \u2014 any regulation, rule, sub-rule or bye-law framed in pursuance of the Constitution or of legislative functions delegated by Parliament to a subordinate authority, and required to be laid before the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 170,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 331D(3)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"The Chairperson of a Departmentally Related Standing Committee specified in Part I of the Fifth Schedule shall be appointed by :\",\r\n    options: [\"The Speaker, from amongst the members of the Committee\",\"The Chairman, Rajya Sabha, from amongst the members of the Committee\",\"The Speaker and the Chairman, Rajya Sabha, in consultation with each other\",\"The members of the Committee, by election from amongst themselves\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) The Chairman, Rajya Sabha, from amongst the members of the Committee<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 331D(3):<\/b> <i>\"The Chairperson of Committees as specified in Part I of Fifth Schedule shall be appointed by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha and Chairperson of Committees as specified in Part II of the said Schedule shall be appointed by the Speaker, from amongst the members of the Committees.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Part I \u2192 Chairman, Rajya Sabha. Part II \u2192 Speaker.<\/b> This is the one place in Chapter XXVI where a Chairperson is appointed by someone other than the Speaker, and it is why the settled PYQ answer runs that some of these Committees are serviced by the Lok Sabha Secretariat and others by the Rajya Sabha Secretariat.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 331J<\/b> completes the division: the general rules applicable to Parliamentary Committees in the Rajya Sabha apply mutatis mutandis to the Part I Committees, and those applicable in the Lok Sabha to the Part II Committees.<br><br>\r\n<b>In practice<\/b> (Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract): of the 24 DRSCs, 16 are under the administrative control of the Speaker and 8 under the Chairman, Rajya Sabha.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 171,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 325\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Absence of Members from the sittings of the House shall consist of how many members nominated by the Speaker, and shall hold office for a term not exceeding what period?\",\r\n    options: [\"Fifteen members; term not exceeding one year\",\"Not more than fifteen members; term not exceeding two years\",\"Not less than fifteen members; term not exceeding one year\",\"Twenty-two members; term not exceeding one year\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Fifteen members; term not exceeding one year<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 325:<\/b> <i>\"The Committee on Absence of Members from the sittings of the House shall consist of fifteen members nominated by the Speaker and shall hold office for a term not exceeding one year.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Read the drafting closely \u2014 this is the point of the question.<\/b> Rule 325 fixes a FLAT \"fifteen members\". It is neither \"not more than fifteen\" (Rules 287, 293(1), 305A(1), 313, 316A(1), 318(1), 324(1)) nor \"not less than fifteen\" (Rule 306, Committee on Petitions). Only Rule 325 and Rule 330 (Rules Committee, \"fifteen members including the Chairperson\") are drafted as flat figures.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 172,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 326(1)(ii)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Absence of Members from the sittings of the House examines every case where a member has been absent, without permission, from the sittings of the House for a period of :\",\r\n    options: [\"Thirty days or more\",\"Forty-five days or more\",\"Sixty days or more\",\"Seventy-five days or more\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Sixty days or more<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 326(1)(ii):<\/b> <i>\"to examine every case where a member has been absent for a period of sixty days or more, without permission, from the sittings of the House and to report whether the absence should be condoned or circumstances of the case justify that the House should declare the seat of the member vacant.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis tracks <b>Article 101(4):<\/b> <i>\"If for a period of sixty days a member of either House of Parliament is without permission of the House absent from all meetings thereof, the House may declare his seat vacant\"<\/i> \u2014 with the crucial proviso that in computing the sixty days, NO ACCOUNT is taken of any period during which the House is prorogued or is adjourned for more than four consecutive days.<br><br>\r\n<b>The same figure appears in a second place:<\/b> under the proviso to <b>Rule 242(2)<\/b>, leave of absence applied for at any one time shall not exceed a period of sixty days. Sixty is the ceiling both for permitted absence and for absence attracting scrutiny.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 173,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 330\",\r\n    chapter: \"Rules Committee\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Rules shall be nominated by the Speaker and shall consist of how many members?\",\r\n    options: [\"Twelve members including the Chairperson\",\"Fifteen members excluding the Chairperson\",\"Fifteen members including the Chairperson\",\"Twenty-two members including the Chairperson\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Fifteen members including the Chairperson<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 330:<\/b> <i>\"The Committee on Rules shall be nominated by the Speaker and shall consist of fifteen members including the Chairperson of the Committee. The Speaker shall be the ex-officio Chairperson of the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe word INCLUDING carries the same weight here as in Rule 287 for the Business Advisory Committee \u2014 the Chairperson is counted within the fifteen.<br><br>\r\n<b>Only two Committees in this Chapter have the Speaker as EX-OFFICIO Chairperson:<\/b> the Business Advisory Committee (Rule 287) and the Rules Committee (Rule 330). Everywhere else the Chairperson is APPOINTED by the Speaker from amongst the members under Rule 258(1), subject to the proviso in favour of the Deputy Speaker.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 329<\/b> gives the mandate: to consider matters of procedure and conduct of business in the House and to recommend any amendments or additions to the rules that may be deemed necessary.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 174,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 331(1) and (3)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Rules Committee\",\r\n    question: \"The recommendations of the Committee on Rules are laid on the Table, and within what period beginning with the day on which they are so laid may any member give notice of an amendment to such recommendations?\",\r\n    options: [\"Within three days\",\"Within fourteen days\",\"Within ten days\",\"Within seven days\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) Within seven days<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 331(1):<\/b> <i>\"The recommendations of the Committee shall be laid on the Table and within a period of seven days, beginning with the day on which they are so laid, any member may give notice of any amendment to such recommendations.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 331(3)<\/b> supplies the consequence of silence: <i>\"If notice of such amendment has not been given within seven days, the recommendations of the Committee shall be deemed to have been approved by the House and on the expiry of the said period the Speaker shall promulgate in the Bulletin the amendments to the rules as recommended by the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 331(4):<\/b> the amendments come into force on their publication in the Bulletin unless otherwise specified.<br><br>\r\nGuard against the fourteen days of <b>Rule 200(2)<\/b> \u2014 that is the notice period for a resolution for the removal of the Speaker or Deputy Speaker under Article 94(c), an entirely different matter.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 175,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 331B(1)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes shall consist of not more than how many members, and how are they drawn from the two Houses?\",\r\n    options: [\"22 members \u2014 15 elected by the Lok Sabha and not more than 7 from the Rajya Sabha\",\"31 members \u2014 21 from the Lok Sabha and 10 from the Rajya Sabha\",\"30 members \u2014 all elected by the Lok Sabha\",\"30 members \u2014 20 elected by the Lok Sabha and not more than 10 from the Rajya Sabha\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 30 members \u2014 20 elected by the Lok Sabha and not more than 10 from the Rajya Sabha<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 331B(1):<\/b> the Committee shall consist of not more than \"30 members, comprising 20 members\" who shall be elected by the House every year from amongst its members according to the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote, \"and not more than 10 members of Rajya Sabha to be nominated by that House for being associated with the Committee.\"<br>\r\n<b>Rule 331B(2):<\/b> the term of office shall not exceed one year.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the Committee on the Empowerment of Women<\/b> \u2014 also 30, also 20 + 10, but its 20 Lok Sabha Members are <b>NOMINATED BY THE SPEAKER<\/b> under Rule 331O(2), whereas these 20 are <b>ELECTED<\/b> by the House. Same arithmetic, different mode; that is where the question is usually set.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 176,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 331D(1)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Each of the Standing Committees constituted under Rule 331C shall consist of not more than how many members, and how are they nominated?\",\r\n    options: [\"22 members \u2014 15 nominated by the Speaker and 7 by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha\",\"30 members \u2014 20 nominated by the Speaker and 10 by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha\",\"31 members \u2014 21 nominated by the Speaker from the Lok Sabha and 10 by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha from the Rajya Sabha\",\"31 members \u2014 16 nominated by the Speaker and 15 by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 31 members \u2014 21 nominated by the Speaker and 10 by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 331D(1):<\/b> <i>\"Each of the Standing Committees constituted under Rule 331C shall consist of not more than 31 members, 21 members to be nominated by the Speaker from amongst the members of Lok Sabha and 10 members to be nominated by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha, from amongst the members of Rajya Sabha.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Note the mode:<\/b> the DRSCs are constituted wholly by NOMINATION \u2014 unlike the Financial Committees, whose Lok Sabha members are elected by proportional representation.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 331D(2):<\/b> a Minister shall not be nominated a member. <b>Rule 331D(4):<\/b> the term shall not exceed one year \u2014 not coterminous with membership of the House, a point set directly in the 2014 paper.<br><br>\r\n<b>31 is the unique figure in this Chapter<\/b> \u2014 no other Committee has it, which makes it easy to isolate once fixed in memory.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 177,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 331C(2)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"The Ministries and Departments covered under the jurisdiction of each of the Departmentally Related Standing Committees are specified in :\",\r\n    options: [\"The Third Schedule\",\"The Fourth Schedule\",\"The Fifth Schedule\",\"The Sixth Schedule\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) The Fifth Schedule<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 331C(2):<\/b> <i>\"The Ministries\/Departments covered under the jurisdiction of each of the Standing Committees shall be as specified in the Fifth Schedule: Provided that the Chairman, Rajya Sabha and the Speaker may alter the said Schedule from time to time in consultation with each other.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe Fifth Schedule is divided into two Parts, and that division carries real consequences:<br>\r\n<b>Rule 331D(3):<\/b> the Chairpersons of the Committees in <b>Part I<\/b> are appointed by the <b>Chairman, Rajya Sabha<\/b>; those in <b>Part II<\/b> by the <b>Speaker<\/b>.<br>\r\n<b>Rule 331J:<\/b> the general rules applicable to Parliamentary Committees in the Rajya Sabha apply mutatis mutandis to the Part I Committees, and those applicable in the Lok Sabha to the Part II Committees.<br><br>\r\n<b>In practice<\/b> (per the Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract) there are 24 DRSCs: 16 under the administrative control of the Speaker, serviced by the Lok Sabha Secretariat, and 8 under the Chairman, Rajya Sabha.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 178,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 331O(2) and (5)\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on the Empowerment of Women\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on the Empowerment of Women shall consist of not more than how many Members, and the term of office of its Members shall not exceed what period?\",\r\n    options: [\"22 Members \u2014 15 from the Lok Sabha and 7 from the Rajya Sabha; term not exceeding one year\",\"30 Members \u2014 20 from the Lok Sabha and 10 from the Rajya Sabha; term not exceeding one year\",\"30 Members \u2014 20 from the Lok Sabha and 10 from the Rajya Sabha; term not exceeding two years\",\"31 Members \u2014 21 from the Lok Sabha and 10 from the Rajya Sabha; term not exceeding one year\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) 30 Members \u2014 20 from the Lok Sabha and 10 from the Rajya Sabha; term not exceeding one year<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 331O(2):<\/b> <i>\"The Committee shall consist of not more than 30 Members, 20 Members to be nominated by the Speaker from amongst the Members of Lok Sabha and 10 Members to be nominated by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha, from amongst the Members of Rajya Sabha.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 331O(5):<\/b> <i>\"The term of office of Members of the Committee shall not exceed one year.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 331O(4):<\/b> the Chairperson is appointed by the Speaker from amongst the Members of the Committee.<br><br>\r\nRules 331O to 331Q were added with effect from 6.3.1997 \u2014 which is why the Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract, citing \"Rules 253 to 331N\", understates the extent of the Chapter.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 179,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 262\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"In the case of an equality of votes on any matter before a Committee, the Chairperson, or the person acting as such, shall have :\",\r\n    options: [\"No vote at all, the matter standing negatived\",\"The power to refer the matter to the House for decision\",\"A vote only with the previous permission of the Speaker\",\"A second or casting vote\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) A second or casting vote<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 262:<\/b> <i>\"In the case of an equality of votes on any matter, the Chairperson or the person acting as such, shall have a second or casting vote.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 261:<\/b> <i>\"All questions at any sitting of a Committee shall be determined by a majority of votes of the members present and voting.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The words \"a SECOND or casting vote\" are the point.<\/b> In a Committee the Chairperson votes as an ordinary member in the first instance AND has a casting vote in addition. Contrast <b>Article 100(1)<\/b>, under which the Speaker in the House \"shall not vote in the first instance, but shall have and exercise a casting vote in the case of an equality of votes.\"<br><br>\r\nThe words \"or the person acting as such\" extend the casting vote to whoever presides under Rule 258(2) or 258(3).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 180,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rules 309(1), 311(1), 312B(1), 331B(1)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"The members of the Committee on Public Accounts, the Committee on Estimates, the Committee on Public Undertakings and the Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes are elected by the House every year from amongst its members according to the principle of :\",\r\n    options: [\"Simple majority of the members present and voting\",\"Proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote\",\"Proportional representation by means of the list system\",\"Seniority of the members in the House\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe identical formula appears in <b>Rule 309(1)<\/b> (Public Accounts), <b>Rule 311(1)<\/b> (Estimates), <b>Rule 312B(1)<\/b> (Public Undertakings) and <b>Rule 331B(1)<\/b> (SC\/ST Welfare): the members \"shall be elected by the House every year from amongst its members according to the principle of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.\"<br><br>\r\n<b>Why the method matters:<\/b> it is proportional representation that makes a Committee, in the Lok Sabha Secretariat's phrase, \"a microcosm of the whole House\" \u2014 different Parties and Groups being represented as far as possible in proportion to their strength. It is also what makes the convention workable that the Chairperson of the Public Accounts Committee is drawn from the major Opposition Parties or Groups; without proportional representation the Opposition might win no seat on the Committee at all.<br><br>\r\n<b>These four are THE elected Committees.<\/b> Everything else in Chapter XXVI is nominated.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 181,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 258\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"If the Chairperson of a Committee is absent from any sitting, who shall act as Chairperson for that sitting?\",\r\n    options: [\"A member chosen by the Committee for that sitting\",\"A member appointed by the Speaker for that sitting\",\"The senior-most member of the Committee present at the sitting\",\"The Secretary-General shall preside until the Chairperson returns\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) A member chosen by the Committee for that sitting<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 258(3):<\/b> <i>\"If the Chairperson is absent from any sitting, the Committee shall choose another member to act as Chairperson for that sitting.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Hold the three limbs of Rule 258 apart \u2014 the examiner sets them against one another:<\/b><br>\r\n\u2022 <b>258(1)<\/b> \u2014 the Chairperson is APPOINTED BY THE SPEAKER from amongst the members, with the proviso that the Deputy Speaker, if a member, shall be appointed Chairperson.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>258(2)<\/b> \u2014 if the Chairperson is for any reason UNABLE TO ACT (a continuing incapacity), the SPEAKER may appoint another Chairperson in his place.<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>258(3)<\/b> \u2014 if the Chairperson is merely ABSENT FROM A SITTING, the COMMITTEE chooses a member to act for that sitting.<br><br>\r\nThe same technique appears in the proviso to <b>Rule 277(3)<\/b>: where the Chairperson is absent or not readily available, the COMMITTEE chooses another member to sign the report on its behalf.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 182,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 257\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"If the letter by which a member resigns his seat on a Committee does not bear any date, the resignation shall take effect from :\",\r\n    options: [\"The date on which the Speaker accepts the resignation\",\"The date on which the vacancy is notified in the Bulletin\",\"The date of the next sitting of the Committee\",\"The date of receipt of the letter in the Lok Sabha Secretariat\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) The date of receipt of the letter in the Lok Sabha Secretariat<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 257<\/b> lays down three situations in descending order of certainty, and any of the three can be the value asked for:<br>\r\n<b>257(2)<\/b> \u2014 where a date of resignation is SPECIFIED in the letter \u2192 effective from that specified date;<br>\r\n<b>257(3)<\/b> \u2014 where no such date is specified but the letter is DATED \u2192 effective from the date of the letter;<br>\r\n<b>257(4)<\/b> \u2014 where the letter bears NO DATE at all \u2192 <i>\"the resignation shall take effect from the date of receipt of the letter in the Lok Sabha Secretariat.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>257(1):<\/b> the resignation is by writing under the member's own hand addressed to the SPEAKER, in the form prescribed in the rule. Note that no acceptance by the Speaker is required for a Committee resignation \u2014 contrast Rule 240 for resignation of a SEAT IN THE HOUSE, where the Speaker may make a summary enquiry into whether the resignation is voluntary and genuine.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 183,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 254(3)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"A member appointed, elected or nominated to fill a casual vacancy in a Committee shall hold office for :\",\r\n    options: [\"A fresh term of one year from the date of appointment\",\"The unexpired portion of the term for which the member in whose place he is appointed would have normally held office\",\"The remainder of the session in which the vacancy arose\",\"Such period as the Speaker may specify in each case\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) The unexpired portion of the term<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 254(3):<\/b> <i>\"Casual vacancies in a Committee shall be filled by appointment or election by the House on a motion made, or nomination by the Speaker, as the case may be, and any member appointed, elected or nominated to fill such vacancy shall hold office for the unexpired portion of the term for which the member in whose place a member to fill the casual vacancy is appointed, elected or nominated would have normally held office.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo principles are embedded in the sub-rule:<br>\r\n\u2022 the vacancy is filled in the SAME MANNER in which the original seat was filled \u2014 by election where the Committee is elected, by nomination where it is nominated;<br>\r\n\u2022 the successor inherits only the BALANCE of his predecessor's term, so that the annual cycle of the Committee is not disturbed by a mid-term vacancy.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 184,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 312A proviso\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Undertakings\",\r\n    question: \"The proviso to the rule constituting the Committee on Public Undertakings bars it from examining and investigating certain matters. How many such matters are specified?\",\r\n    options: [\"Two\",\"Three\",\"Four\",\"Five\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Three<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe proviso to <i>Rule 312A<\/i> bars the Committee from examining and investigating:<br>\r\n<b>(i)<\/b> matters of major Government policy as distinct from business or commercial functions of the public undertakings;<br>\r\n<b>(ii)<\/b> matters of day-to-day administration;<br>\r\n<b>(iii)<\/b> matters for the consideration of which machinery is established by any special statute under which a particular public undertaking is established.<br><br>\r\nThe three bars fence the Committee's jurisdiction on three sides \u2014 policy above it, administration below it, and specialised statutory machinery beside it \u2014 leaving it the field it was created for: whether the undertaking is being managed in accordance with sound business principles and prudent commercial practices (Rule 312A(c)).<br><br>\r\nCompare the single-clause bar on the Departmentally Related Standing Committees in <i>Rule 331E(2)<\/i>: they \"shall not consider the matters of day to day administration of the concerned Ministries\/Departments.\"`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 185,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 268\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Whenever a Committee is deliberating, all persons shall withdraw except :\",\r\n    options: [\"Members of the Committee only\",\"Members of the Committee, officers of the Lok Sabha Secretariat and accredited press correspondents\",\"Members of the Committee and officers of the Lok Sabha Secretariat\",\"Members of the Committee, officers of the Lok Sabha Secretariat and any member of the House\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Members of the Committee and officers of the Lok Sabha Secretariat<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 268:<\/b> <i>\"All persons other than members of the Committee and officers of the Lok Sabha Secretariat shall withdraw whenever the Committee is deliberating.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nPress correspondents, however accredited, are \"strangers\" for this purpose and must withdraw; there is no exception in their favour. The embargo is reinforced by <b>Rule 275(3)<\/b>, under which the evidence given before a Committee shall not be published by any member of the Committee or by any other person until it has been laid on the Table.<br><br>\r\n<b>One qualification, from a special rule:<\/b> under <b>Rule 299<\/b>, members of the House who are not members of a SELECT COMMITTEE may be present during its deliberations, though they shall not address the Committee or sit in its body \u2014 and a Minister may, with the Chairperson's permission, address a Select Committee of which he is not a member.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 266:<\/b> the sittings of a Committee shall be held in private.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 186,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 277(2) and (3)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Under the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha, the report of a Committee may be of how many kinds, and by whom shall it be signed on behalf of the Committee?\",\r\n    options: [\"Two kinds \u2014 preliminary or final; signed by the Chairperson\",\"Two kinds \u2014 interim or supplementary; signed by the Secretary-General\",\"Three kinds \u2014 preliminary, interim and final; signed by the Chairperson\",\"One kind only \u2014 a final report; signed by all the members\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) Two kinds \u2014 preliminary or final; signed by the Chairperson<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 277(2):<\/b> <i>\"Reports may be either preliminary or final.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<b>Rule 277(3):<\/b> <i>\"The report of the Committee shall be signed by the Chairperson on behalf of the Committee: Provided that in case the Chairperson is absent or is not readily available the Committee shall choose another member to sign the report on behalf of the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nDistinguish the SPECIAL report under <b>Rule 276<\/b>, which is a different creature altogether: a Committee may make a special report on any matter arising or coming to light in the course of its work which it considers necessary to bring to the notice of the Speaker or the House, notwithstanding that the matter is not directly connected with, does not fall within, and is not incidental to, its terms of reference.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 279(1):<\/b> the report is presented to the House by the Chairperson or, in his absence, by any member of the Committee.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 187,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 255(e)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Where an objection has been taken to the inclusion of a member in a Committee on the ground of interest, then until the Speaker gives his decision, that member :\",\r\n    options: [\"Shall stand suspended from the Committee\",\"Shall continue to be a member and take part in the discussion, but shall not be entitled to vote\",\"Shall continue to be a member with full rights, including the right to vote\",\"Shall cease to be a member of the Committee forthwith\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) May take part in the discussion, but shall not be entitled to vote<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 255(e):<\/b> until the Speaker has given his decision under clause (d), the member against whose appointment objection has been taken <i>\"shall continue to be a member thereof if elected or nominated and take part in discussion, but shall not be entitled to vote.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>The rest of the sequence:<\/b><br>\r\n<b>255(d)<\/b> \u2014 the Speaker, after considering the evidence tendered, gives a decision \"which shall be final\";<br>\r\n<b>255(f)<\/b> \u2014 if the Speaker holds that the member has a personal, pecuniary or direct interest, that member \"shall cease to be a member thereof FORTHWITH\" (option (d) is thus the position AFTER an adverse decision, not before it);<br>\r\n<b>proviso to 255<\/b> \u2014 the proceedings of the sitting at which such member was present \"shall NOT in any way be affected by the decision of the Speaker\" \u2014 past proceedings are expressly saved.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 188,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 286\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"If and so far as any provision in the special rules relating to a particular Committee is inconsistent with the general rules of Chapter XXVI, which shall prevail?\",\r\n    options: [\"The general rules\",\"The special rules relating to that Committee\",\"Whichever the Speaker directs in the particular case\",\"Neither, the inconsistent provision being void\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) The special rules relating to that Committee<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 286:<\/b> <i>\"...the general rules in this Chapter shall apply to all Committees; and if and so far as any provision in the special rules relating to a Committee is inconsistent with the general rules, the former rules shall prevail.\"<\/i> (\"the former rules\" being the SPECIAL rules.)<br><br>\r\n<b>The classic illustration, which is itself examinable:<\/b> the general rule gives a Committee ONE MONTH to present its report where the House has fixed no time (Rule 277(1)); the special rule gives a SELECT COMMITTEE ON A BILL three months from the date on which the House adopted the motion for reference (proviso to Rule 303(1)). By force of Rule 286 the three-month rule governs a Select Committee.<br><br>\r\nThis is the interpretive key to the whole Chapter: read the general rules first, then check whether the Committee in question has a special rule that displaces them.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 189,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rules 284 and 285\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Any business pending before a Committee shall not lapse by reason only of :\",\r\n    options: [\"The dissolution of the House\",\"The prorogation of the House\",\"The expiration of the term of the Committee\",\"The adjournment of the House sine die\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) The prorogation of the House<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 284:<\/b> <i>\"Any business pending before a Committee shall not lapse by reason only of the prorogation of the House and the Committee shall continue to function notwithstanding such prorogation.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe protection is confined to PROROGATION, and the words \"by reason only of\" are deliberate.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 285<\/b> deals with the other two situations named in the options: <i>\"A Committee which is unable to complete its work before the expiration of its term or before the dissolution of the House may report to the House that the Committee has not been able to complete its work. Any preliminary report, memorandum or note that the Committee may have prepared or any evidence that the Committee may have taken shall be made available to the new Committee.\"<\/i> \u2014 continuity of MATERIAL, not of the business itself.<br><br>\r\nThis distinction was set directly in the 2016-17 paper, where the statement that business pending before Parliamentary Committees does not lapse on DISSOLUTION was marked incorrect.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 190,\r\n    source: \"Rule-recital to value format (2025 paper Q31\/34\/37 pattern)\",\r\n    format: \"RULE-RECITAL \u2192 VALUE\",\r\n    rule: \"Rule 263(1)\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"The reports of a sub-Committee appointed by a Committee shall be deemed to be the reports of the whole Committee :\",\r\n    options: [\"As soon as they are signed by the Chairperson of the sub-Committee\",\"If they are approved at a sitting of the whole Committee\",\"If they are approved by the Speaker\",\"In every case, the sub-Committee having the powers of the undivided Committee\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) If they are approved at a sitting of the whole Committee<\/b><br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 263(1):<\/b> <i>\"A Committee may appoint one or more sub-Committees, each having the powers of the undivided Committee, to examine any matters that may be referred to them and the reports of such sub-committees shall be deemed to be the reports of the whole Committee, if they are approved at a sitting of the whole Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nOption (d) states a true proposition \u2014 a sub-Committee does have the powers of the undivided Committee \u2014 but draws the wrong conclusion from it: the inheritance of POWERS does not dispense with the requirement of APPROVAL of the report by the whole Committee in sitting.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 263(2):<\/b> <i>\"The order of reference to a sub-Committee shall clearly state the point or points for investigation.\"<\/i>`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  \/* ===== SECTION 5 - clause-level, comparative and residual - ids 191-246 ===== *\/\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 191,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Where an objection is taken to the inclusion of a member in a Committee on the ground of interest, the member who has taken the objection is required to state precisely\",\r\n    options: [\"the ground of such objection and the nature of the alleged interest, whether personal, pecuniary or direct, of the proposed member in matters coming up before the Committee\",\"only the name of the member objected to and the Committee concerned\",\"the ground of objection and the names of at least two members who support it\",\"the ground of objection together with the documentary evidence, which must be filed at the same time\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 255(a): \"The member who has taken objection shall precisely state the ground of such objection and the nature of the alleged interest, whether personal, pecuniary or direct, of the proposed member in matters coming up before the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe obligation is on the OBJECTOR to particularise, and the rule requires three things of him \u2014 the ground, the nature of the interest, and its bearing on matters coming up before the Committee. A bare assertion of interest will not do.<br><br>\r\n<b>Evidence comes later, not at this stage:<\/b> under <i>Rule 255(b)<\/i> the Speaker first gives the member objected to an opportunity to state his position, and only then, under <i>Rule 255(c)<\/i>, are both permitted to produce documentary or other evidence in support of their respective cases. No seconding by other members is required.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 192,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"In the examination of a witness before a Parliamentary Committee, who examines the witness first?\",\r\n    options: [\"Any member of the Committee whom the Committee may depute\",\"The Chairperson, with reference to the subject-matter under consideration or any matter connected therewith\",\"The Secretary-General, on behalf of the Committee\",\"The member on whose request the witness has been summoned\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) The Chairperson<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 273(ii):<\/i> the Chairperson examines the witness, so far as is considered necessary, \"with reference to the subject-matter under consideration or any matter connected therewith\" and according to the mode of procedure decided under clause (i).<br>\r\n<i>Rule 273(iii): \"The Chairperson may call other members of the Committee one by one to ask any other questions.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe sequence under Rule 273 is therefore fixed: <b>(i)<\/b> the Committee decides the mode of procedure and the nature of questions BEFORE the witness is called \u2192 <b>(ii)<\/b> the Chairperson examines \u2192 <b>(iii)<\/b> other members, one by one, as called by the Chairperson \u2192 <b>(iv)<\/b> the witness may be asked to place any other relevant points not covered.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 193,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Subordinate Legislation\",\r\n    question: \"Among the matters which the Committee on Subordinate Legislation considers after an Order is laid before the House is whether the Order contains the imposition of\",\r\n    options: [\"any tax\",\"any penalty of imprisonment\",\"any restriction on trade\",\"any condition as to publication\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) any tax<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 320(iii):<\/i> the Committee considers \"whether it contains imposition of any tax.\"<br><br>\r\nThe head exists because taxation is a matter for Parliament itself. It sits alongside <i>Rule 320(vi)<\/i> \u2014 whether the Order involves expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India or the public revenues \u2014 and both express the same constitutional principle: neither the raising nor the spending of public money may be effected by an act of the executive under a delegated power.<br><br>\r\nCompare <i>Rule 160A<\/i>, which applies the same principle to petitions: a petition dealing with the matters in Article 110(1)(a) to (f), or involving expenditure from the Consolidated Fund, cannot be presented unless recommended by the President.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 194,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Subordinate Legislation\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Subordinate Legislation considers, in particular, whether an Order appears to make some\",\r\n    options: [\"unusual or unexpected use of the powers conferred by the Constitution or the Act pursuant to which it is made\",\"departure from the recommendations of the Departmentally Related Standing Committee concerned\",\"provision that has already been made by an earlier Order\",\"reference to a matter falling within the State List\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 320(vii):<\/i> \"whether it appears to make some unusual or unexpected use of the powers conferred by the Constitution or the Act pursuant to which it is made.\"<br><br>\r\nThis is the widest of the nine heads, and it is the one that gives the Committee its real reach. The other eight are specific \u2014 accord with the general objects of the parent Act (i), matter fit for an Act of Parliament (ii), imposition of tax (iii), ouster of the jurisdiction of the courts (iv), unauthorised retrospective effect (v), expenditure from the Consolidated Fund (vi), unjustifiable delay in publication or laying (viii), and form or purport calling for elucidation (ix). Clause (vii) catches what the other eight do not, and keeps the exercise of a delegated power within what Parliament would have expected of it.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 195,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Subordinate Legislation\",\r\n    question: \"One of the heads on which the Committee on Subordinate Legislation examines an Order is whether there appears to have been unjustifiable delay in\",\r\n    options: [\"its coming into force after publication\",\"its publication or in laying it before Parliament\",\"the framing of the Order after the parent Act came into force\",\"the disposal of representations received against the Order\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) its publication or in laying it before Parliament<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 320(viii):<\/i> \"whether there appears to have been unjustifiable delay in its publication or in laying it before Parliament.\"<br><br>\r\nThe head has teeth because of <i>Rule 319<\/i>, which requires every such Order, subject to such rules as the Speaker may prescribe in consultation with the Leader of the House, to \"be numbered centrally and published in the Gazette IMMEDIATELY AFTER IT IS PROMULGATED.\" Delay in publication is thus a breach of Rule 319 itself.<br><br>\r\n<b>Note the parallel jurisdiction:<\/b> unreasonable delay in laying a PAPER on the Table is examined by the Committee on Papers Laid on the Table under Rule 305B(1)(b) \u2014 but that Committee's field expressly excludes papers falling within the purview of the Committee on Subordinate Legislation.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 196,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Subordinate Legislation\",\r\n    question: \"If the Committee on Subordinate Legislation is of opinion that an Order should be annulled wholly or in part, or should be amended in any respect,\",\r\n    options: [\"it shall itself annul or amend the Order by an order published in the Gazette\",\"it shall report that opinion and the grounds thereof to the House\",\"it shall forward its opinion to the Ministry concerned for compliance\",\"it shall refer the matter to the Committee of Privileges\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) it shall report that opinion and the grounds thereof to the House<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 321(1):<\/i> where the Committee is of opinion that the Order should be annulled wholly or in part, or should be amended in any respect, \"it shall report that opinion and the grounds thereof to the House.\"<br>\r\n<i>Rule 321(2):<\/i> if the Committee is of opinion that any other matter relating to any Order should be brought to the notice of the House, it may report that opinion and matter to the House.<br><br>\r\n<b>The Committee recommends; it does not legislate.<\/b> Annulment or amendment of a statutory Order is for the House (or the Government acting on its opinion) \u2014 the Committee's function is to report, with grounds. This is the same relationship as the Committee on Absence of Members bears to the House under Rules 327 and 328: recommendation by the Committee, decision by the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 197,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Subordinate Legislation\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker may issue such directions as may be considered necessary for regulating the procedure in connection with all matters connected with the consideration of any question of Subordinate Legislation\",\r\n    options: [\"in the Committee only\",\"in the House only\",\"either in the Committee or in the House\",\"in the Committee, and in the House only with the concurrence of the Leader of the House\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) either in the Committee or in the House<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 322: \"The Speaker may issue such directions as may be considered necessary for regulating the procedure in connection with all matters connected with the consideration of any question of Subordinate Legislation either in the Committee or in the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Compare its exact counterpart on the privileges side \u2014 Rule 228:<\/b> the Speaker may issue such directions as may be necessary for regulating the procedure in connection with all matters connected with the consideration of the question of privilege \"either in the Committee of Privileges or in the House.\" Rule 228 was set at Q40 of the 2025 paper; Rule 322 is its twin and is the obvious companion question.<br><br>\r\nBoth stand alongside the general power in <i>Rule 283(1)<\/i> to issue directions to the Chairperson of a Committee for regulating its procedure and the organisation of its work.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 198,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions\",\r\n    question: \"Among the functions of the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions is to recommend the time that should be allocated for the discussion of the stage or stages of each private member's Bill, and also\",\r\n    options: [\"to indicate in the time-table so drawn up the different hours at which various stages of the Bill in a day shall be completed\",\"to determine which Bills shall be taken up in the next session\",\"to fix the number of private members who may speak on each Bill\",\"to decide whether the Bill requires the previous sanction of the President\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 294(1)(c):<\/i> \"to recommend the time that should be allocated for the discussion of the stage or stages of each private member's Bill and also to indicate in the time-table so drawn up the different hours at which various stages of the Bill in a day shall be completed.\"<br><br>\r\nThe power mirrors that of the Business Advisory Committee under <i>Rule 288(2)<\/i> almost word for word \u2014 and that is the design. The Explanation to Rule 288 excludes private members' Bills under Rule 65 and private members' resolutions under Rule 170 from the BAC's remit; this Committee is the BAC for private members' business.<br><br>\r\nThe parallel is completed by <i>Rule 296<\/i> (classification and allocation take effect as if an order of the House) and <i>Rule 297<\/i> (the guillotine at the appointed hour), which answer to Rules 290A and 291 on the Government business side.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 199,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Papers Laid on the Table\",\r\n    question: \"The first of the matters on which the Committee on Papers Laid on the Table reports to the House is whether there has been compliance with the provisions of\",\r\n    options: [\"the Constitution, Act, rule or regulation under which the paper has been laid\",\"the directions issued by the Speaker from time to time\",\"the recommendations of the Committee on Subordinate Legislation\",\"the Manual of Parliamentary Procedure in the Government of India\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the Constitution, Act, rule or regulation under which the paper has been laid<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 305B(1)(a):<\/i> \"whether there has been compliance of the provisions of the Constitution, Act, rule or regulation under which the paper has been laid.\"<br><br>\r\nThis is the foundational head: a paper is laid on the Table because some provision REQUIRES it to be laid, and the Committee's first question is whether that requirement has been met. The remaining heads then deal with the manner of compliance \u2014 delay (b), the explanation for delay (c), the Hindi and English versions (d), and the explanation for not laying the Hindi version (e).<br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 305B(2):<\/i> the Committee performs such other functions in respect of papers laid on the Table as may be assigned to it by the Speaker from time to time.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 200,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Papers Laid on the Table\",\r\n    question: \"Where there has been unreasonable delay in laying a paper on the Table, the Committee on Papers Laid on the Table reports whether\",\r\n    options: [\"the Minister concerned has tendered an apology to the House\",\"a statement explaining the reasons for the delay has been laid on the Table and whether those reasons are satisfactory\",\"the paper should be treated as not having been laid at all\",\"the delay should be referred to the Committee of Privileges\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 305B(1)(c):<\/i> \"if there has been such delay, whether a statement explaining the reasons for delay has been laid on the Table of the House and whether those reasons are satisfactory.\"<br><br>\r\nNote the two-stage enquiry, which is what the question tests: first, has the explanatory statement been laid at all; second, are the reasons it gives SATISFACTORY. Merely filing an explanation does not close the matter.<br><br>\r\nThe same two-stage structure is repeated for the Hindi version: whether a statement explaining the reasons for not laying it has been given, and whether such reasons are satisfactory.<br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 305C:<\/i> a member wishing to raise any of these matters must refer it to the Committee and NOT raise it in the House \u2014 the House floor is not the forum for a complaint about a delayed paper.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 201,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Accounts\",\r\n    question: \"In scrutinising the Appropriation Accounts and the report of the Comptroller and Auditor-General thereon, the Committee on Public Accounts satisfies itself that every re-appropriation has been made\",\r\n    options: [\"with the prior approval of the House\",\"in accordance with the provisions made in that behalf under rules framed by competent authority\",\"after consultation with the Comptroller and Auditor-General\",\"within the financial year to which the grant relates\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 308(2)(c):<\/i> it is the duty of the Committee to satisfy itself \"that every re-appropriation has been made in accordance with the provisions made in this behalf under rules framed by competent authority.\"<br><br>\r\nRe-appropriation is the transfer of funds from one head to another within a grant. The House votes the grant; the rules framed by competent authority govern how far money may be moved inside it. The Committee's concern is not the wisdom of the transfer but its REGULARITY \u2014 whether it was made in accordance with those rules.<br><br>\r\n<b>The three duties under Rule 308(2), which are commonly set together:<\/b> (a) that the moneys shown as disbursed were legally available for, and applicable to, the service or purpose to which they have been applied or charged; (b) that the expenditure conforms to the authority which governs it; (c) re-appropriation, as above.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 202,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Estimates\",\r\n    question: \"Among the functions of the Committee on Estimates is to examine whether the money is well laid out\",\r\n    options: [\"within the limits of the policy implied in the estimates\",\"within the limits of the sums granted by the House\",\"in accordance with the rules framed by competent authority\",\"in accordance with sound business principles and prudent commercial practices\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) within the limits of the policy implied in the estimates<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 310(c):<\/i> \"to examine whether the money is well laid out within the limits of the policy implied in the estimates.\"<br><br>\r\nThe qualifying words are the whole point. The Committee examines EFFICIENCY, taking the policy as given \u2014 it does not sit in judgment on the policy itself. The same restraint appears in <i>Rule 310(a)<\/i>, where the economies and reforms it may report must be \"consistent with the policy underlying the estimates\". Its one licence to look beyond is <i>Rule 310(b)<\/i>: to suggest ALTERNATIVE POLICIES in order to bring about efficiency and economy in administration.<br><br>\r\nOption (d) belongs to a different Committee \u2014 <i>Rule 312A(c)<\/i>, the Committee on Public Undertakings, which asks whether the affairs of an undertaking are managed in accordance with sound business principles and prudent commercial practices.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 203,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Public Undertakings\",\r\n    question: \"Apart from examining the working of the public undertakings specified in the Fourth Schedule, the Committee on Public Undertakings exercises, in relation to those undertakings, such of the functions vested in the Committee on Public Accounts and the Committee on Estimates as are not otherwise covered and\",\r\n    options: [\"as the House may from time to time direct by resolution\",\"as may be allotted to the Committee by the Speaker from time to time\",\"as the Comptroller and Auditor-General may recommend\",\"as the Minister of Finance may refer to it\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) as may be allotted to the Committee by the Speaker from time to time<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 312A(d):<\/i> to exercise such other functions vested in the Committee on Public Accounts and the Committee on Estimates in relation to the public undertakings specified in the Fourth Schedule as are not covered by clauses (a), (b) and (c) above \"and as may be allotted to the Committee by the Speaker from time to time.\"<br><br>\r\nThe clause completes a scheme of allocation running through three rules. The proviso to <i>Rule 308(4)<\/i> bars the Public Accounts Committee, and the proviso to <i>Rule 310<\/i> bars the Committee on Estimates, from exercising their functions in relation to such public undertakings \"as are allotted to the Committee on Public Undertakings by these rules or by the Speaker.\" Rule 312A(d) is the receiving end of that allotment \u2014 the jurisdiction the other two lose, this Committee gains.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 204,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes\",\r\n    question: \"Among the functions of the Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes is to report on the action taken by the Union Government and the Administrations of the Union Territories on\",\r\n    options: [\"the measures proposed by the Committee\",\"the recommendations of the National Commission for the Scheduled Castes alone\",\"the directions issued by the Speaker\",\"the assurances given by Ministers on the floor of the House\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) the measures proposed by the Committee<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331A(b):<\/i> \"to report on the action taken by the Union Government and the Administrations of the Union Territories on the measures proposed by the Committee.\"<br><br>\r\nThis is the Committee's own follow-up mechanism \u2014 it does not merely recommend and move on; it returns to see what was done. The Committee on the Empowerment of Women has an identical function under <i>Rule 331P(5)<\/i>.<br><br>\r\nOption (d) belongs elsewhere: reporting on the implementation of assurances given by Ministers is the exclusive province of the Committee on Government Assurances under <i>Rule 323<\/i>.<br><br>\r\n<b>The five functions under Rule 331A:<\/b> (a) reports of the two National Commissions; (b) action taken, as above; (c) representation in services and posts, having regard to Article 335; (d) working of welfare programmes in the Union Territories; (e) such other matters as may seem fit to the Committee or are specifically referred to it by the House or the Speaker.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 205,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes reports on the working of the welfare programmes for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes\",\r\n    options: [\"in the States as well as in the Union Territories\",\"in the Union Territories\",\"in the States alone\",\"only where the programmes are funded wholly by the Union Government\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) in the Union Territories<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331A(d):<\/i> \"to report on the working of the welfare programmes for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in the Union Territories.\"<br><br>\r\nThe limitation is deliberate and runs through the whole rule. Under <i>Rule 331A(a)<\/i> the Committee reports on measures to be taken by the Union Government \"in respect of matters within the purview of the Union Government including the Administrations of the Union Territories\"; under <i>Rule 331A(c)<\/i> it examines representation in services and posts \"under its control\". A Committee of Parliament does not supervise the welfare administration of the States, which answer to their own Legislatures.<br><br>\r\nThe Committee on the Empowerment of Women is drafted on exactly the same footing \u2014 see the words \"within the purview of the Union Government including the Administrations of the Union Territories\" in Rule 331P(1).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 206,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on the Empowerment of Women\",\r\n    question: \"Among the functions of the Committee on the Empowerment of Women is to examine the measures taken by the Union Government to secure for women\",\r\n    options: [\"equality, status and dignity in all matters\",\"reservation in the services of the Union\",\"representation in the Legislative bodies of the States\",\"financial assistance for self-employment\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) equality, status and dignity in all matters<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331P(2):<\/i> \"to examine the measures taken by the Union Government to secure for women equality, status and dignity in all matters.\"<br><br>\r\n<b>The six functions under Rule 331P:<\/b> (1) to consider the reports submitted by the National Commission for Women and report on measures for improving the status and conditions of women within the purview of the Union Government, including the Administrations of the Union Territories; (2) equality, status and dignity, as above; (3) comprehensive education and adequate representation of women in Legislative bodies, services and other fields; (4) the working of the welfare programmes for women; (5) action taken by the Union Government and the Administrations of the Union Territories on the measures proposed by the Committee; (6) such other matters as may seem fit or are specifically referred to it by the House or the Speaker and the Rajya Sabha or the Chairman, Rajya Sabha.<br><br>\r\nNote that clause (6) is the only referral clause in the Chapter that names the RAJYA SABHA and its Chairman alongside the House and the Speaker \u2014 a consequence of the Committee's joint composition.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 207,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Ethics\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Ethics of the Lok Sabha has how many functions under the rule that defines them, and what are they?\",\r\n    options: [\"One \u2014 to examine complaints of unethical conduct referred by the Speaker\",\"Two \u2014 to examine such complaints, and to formulate a Code of Conduct for members and suggest amendments or additions to it\",\"Three \u2014 the two above, and to advise the Speaker on the declaration of assets by members\",\"Four \u2014 the three above, and to recommend the suspension of members found guilty\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) Two<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 316B:<\/i> The Committee shall \u2014 <i>\"(a) examine every complaint relating to unethical conduct of a member of Lok Sabha referred to it by the Speaker and make such recommendations as it may deem fit; (b) formulate a Code of Conduct for members and suggest amendments or additions to the Code of Conduct from time to time.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo points on clause (a) that are examinable in their own right: the complaint must be REFERRED BY THE SPEAKER \u2014 the Committee has no suo motu jurisdiction \u2014 and the Committee only MAKES RECOMMENDATIONS.<br><br>\r\nClause (b) is what makes this a standard-setting body and not merely an adjudicating one. The Committee functioned as an AD HOC Committee from 2000 and was made a permanent Standing Committee on the recommendation of the Rules Committee in its Second Report, presented on 5 August 2015; Rules 316A to 316F followed.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 208,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Ethics\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the report of the Committee on Ethics:<br>1. The recommendations of the Committee shall be presented in the form of a report.<br>2. The report may also state the procedure to be followed by the House in giving effect to the recommendations made by the Committee.<br>3. Before putting to the House the question that the report be taken into consideration, the Speaker may permit a debate on the motion, not exceeding half an hour in duration.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 316D(1):<\/i> \"The recommendations of the Committee shall be presented in the form of a report.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 316D(3):<\/i> \"The report of the Committee may also state the procedure to be followed by the House in giving effect to the recommendations made by the Committee.\" (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 316E(2):<\/i> \"Before putting the question to the House, the Speaker may permit a debate on the motion, not exceeding half an hour in duration.\" (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\nRules 316D and 316E are modelled closely on Rules 314(2) and 315 for the Committee of Privileges. The one place where the two diverge is the addressee of the report: under <i>Rule 316D(2)<\/i> the report of the Ethics Committee is presented to the SPEAKER, who may direct that it be laid on the Table \u2014 whereas a privileges report, like every other, is presented to the HOUSE under Rule 279(1).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 209,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Ethics\",\r\n    question: \"A motion that the report of the Committee on Ethics be taken into consideration shall be put down in the list of business\",\r\n    options: [\"as the first item of the day\",\"immediately after the presentation of the report\",\"after the disposal of questions\",\"at the end of the sitting\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) after the disposal of questions<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 316F: \"A motion that the report of the Committee be taken into consideration shall be put down in the list of business after disposal of questions.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the priority accorded to a privileges report \u2014 Rule 316:<\/b> a motion that the report of the Committee of Privileges be taken into consideration \"shall be accorded the priority assigned to a matter of privilege under sub-rule (1) of rule 225, unless there has been undue delay in bringing it forward.\"<br><br>\r\nSo an ethics report is simply listed after the Question Hour, while a privileges report carries the special priority of a matter of privilege. The two rules bear consecutive-looking numbers \u2014 316 and 316F \u2014 and are a natural pair for a question.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 210,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"In this Chapter, unless the context otherwise requires, the expression \\\"Committee\\\" means and includes\",\r\n    options: [\"any Committee constituted by the House, whether Standing or Ad hoc\",\"a Parliamentary Committee as defined in rule 2\",\"a Committee whose members are nominated by the Speaker\",\"a Committee other than a Select or Joint Committee on a Bill\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) a Parliamentary Committee as defined in rule 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 253:<\/i> \"In this Chapter, unless the context otherwise requires, 'Committee' means and includes 'Parliamentary Committee' as defined in [sub-rule] of rule 2.\"<br><br>\r\nThe definition matters because it fixes the reach of every general rule that follows. Rule 2 defines a Parliamentary Committee by four attributes, which the Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract sets out: it is appointed or elected by the House or nominated by the Speaker; it works under the DIRECTION OF THE SPEAKER; it presents its report to the House or to the Speaker; and its Secretariat is provided by the LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT.<br><br>\r\nIt is the third and fourth attributes that exclude bodies which otherwise look like committees \u2014 a departmental advisory committee serviced by a Ministry is not a Parliamentary Committee at all.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 211,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Evidence given before a Parliamentary Committee and the documents submitted to it are, under the rules,\",\r\n    options: [\"treated as confidential\",\"open to inspection by any member of the House\",\"published in the Bulletin as soon as they are received\",\"made available to the Government as a matter of course\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) treated as confidential<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 269(2):<\/i> the evidence given before a Committee and the documents submitted to it are treated as confidential.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 275(2): \"No part of the evidence, oral or written, report or proceedings of the Committee which has not been laid on the Table shall be open to inspection by any one except under the authority of the Speaker.\"<\/i><br>\r\n<i>Rule 275(3):<\/i> the evidence shall not be published by any member of the Committee or by any other person until it has been laid on the Table \u2014 with a proviso allowing the Speaker to direct that it be confidentially made available to members before it is formally laid.<br><br>\r\n<b>The one door that opens earlier is Rule 278:<\/b> a Committee may, if it thinks fit, make available to GOVERNMENT any completed part of its report before presentation to the House \u2014 but even then such reports \"shall be treated as confidential until presented to the House.\" Confidentiality is relaxed, not abandoned.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 212,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"The form of the oath or affirmation which a Committee may administer to a witness examined before it requires the witness to swear or affirm that the evidence he shall give shall be true, that he will conceal nothing, and that\",\r\n    options: [\"he has no personal interest in the matter under examination\",\"no part of his evidence shall be false\",\"he will not disclose the proceedings of the Committee\",\"he will produce every document required of him\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) no part of his evidence shall be false<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 272(1):<\/i> a Committee may administer an oath or affirmation to a witness examined before it.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 272(2)<\/i> prescribes the form: <i>\"I, A.B., do swear in the name of God \/ solemnly affirm that the evidence which I shall give in this case shall be true, that I will conceal nothing, and that no part of my evidence shall be false.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe three limbs are cumulative and each covers a different failing \u2014 falsehood in what is said, suppression of what should be said, and falsity in any part of the evidence taken as a whole. The option of swearing \"in the name of God\" or \"solemnly affirming\" follows the pattern of the oath under Article 99 and the Third Schedule.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 213,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"The Speaker may order the printing, publication or circulation of a report of a Committee although it has not been presented to the House. Consider the following statements in this regard:<br>1. In such a case the report shall be presented to the House during its next session at the first convenient opportunity.<br>2. A Committee may, if it thinks fit, make available to Government any completed part of its report before presentation to the House, such report being treated as confidential until presented.<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 only\",\"2 only\",\"Both 1 and 2\",\"Neither 1 nor 2\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Both 1 and 2<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 280:<\/i> the Speaker may order the printing, publication or circulation of a report of a Committee although it has not been presented to the House; \"In that case the report shall be presented to the House during its next session at the first convenient opportunity.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 278:<\/i> \"A Committee may, if it thinks fit, make available to Government any completed part of its report before presentation to the House. Such reports shall be treated as confidential until presented to the House.\" (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\nBoth rules relax the ordinary sequence \u2014 report \u2192 presentation \u2192 publication \u2014 but for different reasons. Rule 280 stops a Committee's work being held hostage to the parliamentary calendar during a long intersession; Rule 278 lets the executive begin acting on conclusions already reached. Neither dispenses with eventual presentation to the House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 214,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"A Committee passes a resolution on a matter of procedure relating to that Committee. Such a resolution is\",\r\n    options: [\"binding on the Committee from the date it is passed\",\"for the consideration of the Speaker, who may make such variations in procedure as he may consider necessary\",\"required to be laid on the Table of the House before it takes effect\",\"required to be approved by the Rules Committee\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 281: \"A Committee shall have power to pass resolutions on matters of procedure relating to that Committee for the consideration of the Speaker who may make such variations in procedure as the Speaker may consider necessary.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nA Committee may therefore PROPOSE a change in its own procedure, but the change is effected by the Speaker, not by the Committee.<br><br>\r\n<b>The companion power is Rule 282:<\/b> \"A Committee may with the approval of the Speaker make detailed rules of procedure to supplement the provisions contained in the rules in this Chapter.\" Here too the Speaker's approval is the operative act. Together with <i>Rule 283<\/i> \u2014 directions to the Chairperson, and reference of doubtful points to the Speaker whose decision shall be final \u2014 these rules keep the whole Committee system under the Speaker's superintendence.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 215,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    question: \"Apart from recommending the allocation of time and indicating the time-table for the completion of the various stages of business, the Business Advisory Committee shall have\",\r\n    options: [\"such other functions as may be assigned to it by the Speaker from time to time\",\"such other functions as the House may confer on it by resolution\",\"the functions of the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions during a recess\",\"no other function whatever\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) such other functions as may be assigned to it by the Speaker from time to time<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 288(3): \"The Committee shall have such other functions as may be assigned to it by the Speaker from time to time.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe residuary clause is a common device in this Chapter \u2014 compare <i>Rule 305B(2)<\/i> (Papers Laid on the Table), <i>Rule 294(2)<\/i> (Private Members' Bills and Resolutions) and <i>Rule 326(2)<\/i> (Absence of Members), each of which confers \"such other functions ... as may be assigned to it by the Speaker from time to time.\"<br><br>\r\nOption (c) is expressly excluded by the <b>Explanation to Rule 288<\/b>: \"other business\" in Rules 288, 290A and 291 means business OTHER THAN private members' Bills under rule 65 and private members' resolutions under rule 170.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 216,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    question: \"The recommendations of the Business Advisory Committee shall be presented to the House\",\r\n    options: [\"in the form of a statement by the Speaker\",\"in the form of a report\",\"by way of an entry in the Bulletin\",\"by a motion moved by the Leader of the House\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B) in the form of a report<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 289: \"The recommendations of the Committee shall be presented to the House in the form of a report.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis single sentence is the basis of the settled PYQ answer that the MINUTES of the Business Advisory Committee are NOT laid on the Table of the House \u2014 what comes before the House is the report, and nothing else. The Committee works by consensus and informal discussion, and its internal record of decisions is maintained and circulated to its own members under the direction of the Chairperson (Rule 274), not published.<br><br>\r\nWhat follows the report is set out in <i>Rule 290<\/i> \u2014 a motion that the House agrees, agrees with amendments, or disagrees; an amendment to refer the report back; half an hour for the discussion; five minutes per member.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 217,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Business Advisory Committee\",\r\n    question: \"The allocation of time in respect of Bills and other business, as approved by the House on the report of the Business Advisory Committee,\",\r\n    options: [\"takes effect as if it were an order of the House and is notified in the Bulletin\",\"takes effect only after publication in the Gazette\",\"operates as a recommendation which the Speaker may vary at his discretion\",\"requires a fresh motion on each day to which it applies\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) takes effect as if it were an order of the House and is notified in the Bulletin<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 290A: \"The allocation of time in respect of Bills and other business as approved by the House shall take effect as if it were an order of the House and shall be notified in the Bulletin.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo consequences follow from its being an ORDER OF THE HOUSE. First, <i>Rule 291<\/i>: at the appointed hour the Speaker shall FORTHWITH put every question necessary to dispose of all the outstanding matters in connection with that stage \u2014 the guillotine, which operates automatically. Second, <i>Rule 292<\/i>: no variation may be made except on a motion made with the consent of the Speaker and accepted by the House, save that the Speaker may, after taking the sense of the House, increase the time by not more than one hour without any motion.<br><br>\r\nNote the vehicle of publication \u2014 the <b>BULLETIN<\/b>, not the Gazette. The Gazette is where a Select Committee's report and the Bill as reported by it are published (Rule 305), and where an Order under Rule 319 is published.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 218,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions\",\r\n    question: \"At the appointed hour fixed in accordance with the allocation of time for private members' business, the Speaker shall\",\r\n    options: [\"adjourn the House until the next Friday allotted to private members' business\",\"put every question necessary to dispose of all the outstanding matters in connection with the completion of a particular stage of the Bill or the resolution\",\"refer the unfinished business back to the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions\",\"allow the discussion to continue until it concludes naturally\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 297:<\/i> at the appointed hour the Speaker shall put every question necessary to dispose of all outstanding matters in connection with the completion of a particular stage of the Bill or the resolution.<br><br>\r\nThis is the private members' counterpart of <i>Rule 291<\/i>, which does the same work for Government business under an Allocation of Time Order. The parallel is exact and deliberate:<br>\r\n\u2022 allocation approved by the House takes effect as an order of the House \u2014 <b>Rule 290A<\/b> (Government business) \/ <b>Rule 296<\/b> (private members' business);<br>\r\n\u2022 guillotine at the appointed hour \u2014 <b>Rule 291<\/b> \/ <b>Rule 297<\/b>;<br>\r\n\u2022 motion on the Committee's report, with half an hour and five minutes per member \u2014 <b>Rule 290<\/b> \/ <b>Rule 295<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nLearning the two Committees as mirror images makes six rules out of three.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 219,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Select Committees on Bills\",\r\n    question: \"A Select Committee on a Bill may hear\",\r\n    options: [\"evidence only with the prior permission of the Speaker in each case\",\"only officers of the Ministry concerned with the Bill\",\"expert evidence and representatives of special interests affected by the measure before them\",\"no evidence at all, its function being confined to the clauses of the Bill\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 302: \"A Select Committee may hear expert evidence and representatives of special interests affected by the measure before them.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe rule is the legislative counterpart of the general evidence-taking powers in Rules 269 and 270, and it names the two classes of witness a Bill Committee will most often need \u2014 EXPERTS on the subject-matter, and those whose interests the measure will affect.<br><br>\r\nCompare <i>Rule 307A(1)<\/i>, which gives the Committee on Petitions the same facility in its own field: it may take evidence of experts or interested parties on the petitions or representations, on its own initiative or on requests made; and under <i>Rule 307A(2)<\/i> it may also avail of public opinion. The Departmentally Related Standing Committees have an equivalent power under <i>Rule 331L<\/i>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 220,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Select Committees on Bills\",\r\n    question: \"The report of a Select Committee on a Bill, together with the minutes of dissent, if any, shall be presented to the House by\",\r\n    options: [\"the Speaker\",\"the member in charge of the Bill\",\"the Chairperson or, in the absence of the Chairperson, any member of the Committee\",\"the Secretary-General\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the Chairperson or, in his absence, any member of the Committee<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 304: \"The report of the Select Committee on a Bill together with the minutes of dissent, if any, shall be presented to the House by the Chairperson or in the absence of the Chairperson, by any member of the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nTwo points to carry:<br>\r\n\u2022 the formula is the same as the general rule for Committee reports in <i>Rule 279(1)<\/i>;<br>\r\n\u2022 the minutes of dissent are presented WITH the report, not separately or afterwards. The Departmentally Related Standing Committees follow the same practice \u2014 <i>Rule 331I(3)<\/i>: \"The note of dissent shall be presented to the House along with the report.\"<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 305:<\/b> the Secretary-General causes every report of a Select Committee to be printed and made available for the use of every member of the House, and the report together with the Bill as reported by the Committee is published in the GAZETTE.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 221,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee on Petitions\",\r\n    question: \"In addition to taking evidence of experts or interested parties on petitions and representations, the Committee on Petitions may also\",\r\n    options: [\"avail of public opinion to make the report on the petitions or representations\",\"summon the Minister concerned to give evidence\",\"refer the petition to the Departmentally Related Standing Committee concerned\",\"direct the Government to grant the relief sought\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) avail of public opinion<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 307A(1):<\/i> the Committee may take evidence of experts or interested parties on the petitions or representations, on their own initiative or on requests made.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 307A(2):<\/i> the Committee may also avail of public opinion to make the report on the petitions or representations.<br><br>\r\nThe rule adds a procedural safeguard for the orderly conduct of such evidence: witnesses who express a desire to appear before the Committee must supply a sufficient number of copies of written memoranda for circulation to the members, who consider them at a sitting and then decide whether the witnesses may be called to appear.<br><br>\r\nOption (d) misstates the Committee's power altogether: under <i>Rule 307(3)<\/i> it reports to the House and SUGGESTS remedial measures \u2014 in a concrete form applicable to the case, or to prevent such cases in future. It does not direct the Government.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 222,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Committee of Privileges\",\r\n    question: \"The report of the Committee of Privileges, besides determining whether a breach of privilege is involved and the nature of the breach and the circumstances leading to it, may also state\",\r\n    options: [\"the punishment to be inflicted on the person concerned\",\"the names of the members who dissented from the finding\",\"the procedure to be followed by the House in giving effect to the recommendations made by the Committee\",\"the compensation payable to the member whose privilege was breached\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the procedure to be followed by the House in giving effect to the recommendations<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 314(1):<\/i> the Committee examines every question referred to it, determines with reference to the facts of each case whether a breach of privilege is involved and, if so, the nature of the breach and the circumstances leading to it, and makes such recommendations as it may deem fit.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 314(2): \"The report may also state the procedure to be followed by the House in giving effect to the recommendations made by the Committee.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe Committee recommends and, where necessary, maps the route \u2014 but the House acts. Under <i>Rule 315(3)<\/i>, once the motion that the report be taken into consideration is agreed to, a further motion may be moved that the House agrees, or disagrees, or agrees with amendments, with the recommendations contained in the report.<br><br>\r\nThe Committee on Ethics has an identical provision in <i>Rule 316D(3)<\/i>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 223,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Rules Committee\",\r\n    question: \"The Committee on Rules is constituted to consider matters of procedure and conduct of business in the House and to recommend\",\r\n    options: [\"the allocation of time for Government business\",\"the suspension of any rule in a particular case\",\"any amendments or additions to the rules that may be deemed necessary\",\"the reference of Bills to Select Committees\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) any amendments or additions to the rules that may be deemed necessary<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 329: \"There shall be a Committee on Rules to consider matters of procedure and conduct of business in the House and to recommend any amendments or additions to these rules that may be deemed necessary.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe Committee's practical importance is easy to underrate. It was on the recommendation of the Rules Committee, in its Second Report presented to the House on 5 August 2015, that the Committee on Ethics \u2014 an ad hoc body since 2000 \u2014 was made a permanent Standing Committee, and Rules 316A to 316F were inserted into this very Chapter.<br><br>\r\n<b>Rule 330:<\/b> the Committee is nominated by the Speaker, consists of fifteen members INCLUDING the Chairperson, and the Speaker is its ex-officio Chairperson.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 224,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Each of the functions of the Departmentally Related Standing Committees provided in clauses (a) to (d) of Rule 331E(1) shall be applicable to the Committees\",\r\n    options: [\"from the date of their constitution in every case\",\"from the commencement of the financial year following their constitution\",\"from such date as may be notified by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha and the Speaker in respect of the applicability of the particular function\",\"from such date as the House may by resolution appoint\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331F:<\/i> each of the functions of these Committees as provided in clauses (a) to (d) of sub-rule (1) of rule 331E \"shall be applicable to the Committees from such date as may be notified by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha and the Speaker in respect of applicability of particular function.\"<br><br>\r\nThe rule allows the four functions \u2014 Demands for Grants, Bills, annual reports and national basic long term policy documents \u2014 to be brought into operation SEPARATELY and at different times, rather than all at once.<br><br>\r\nIt is one of a family of provisions requiring the two Presiding Officers to act jointly in respect of the DRSCs: the proviso to <i>Rule 331C(2)<\/i> (alteration of the Fifth Schedule in consultation with each other) and <i>Rule 331K<\/i> (permission to sit outside the precincts of Parliament House) are the others.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 225,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"In examining Bills referred to them, the Departmentally Related Standing Committees shall\",\r\n    options: [\"consider the general principles and clauses of the Bills referred to them and make report thereon\",\"consider only the clauses of the Bill and not its general principles\",\"consider the Bill only after it has been passed by the House in which it was introduced\",\"suggest amendments in the form of cut motions\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A) consider the general principles and clauses of the Bills referred to them<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331H<\/i> lays down the procedure for examining Bills: (a) the Committee shall consider the general principles and clauses of the Bills referred to them and make report thereon; (b) the Committee shall consider only such Bills introduced in either of the Houses as are referred to them by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker, as the case may be; and (c) the Committee shall make report on the Bills in the given time.<br><br>\r\nClause (a) marks the difference from the House's own consideration stage, where the principle of the Bill is settled first and the clauses are then taken up \u2014 the Committee looks at both together.<br><br>\r\nOption (d) confuses two different procedures: the bar on suggesting anything of the nature of cut motions belongs to <i>Rule 331E(1)(a)<\/i> and applies to the report on the DEMANDS FOR GRANTS, not to Bills.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 226,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements regarding the reports of the Departmentally Related Standing Committees:<br>1. The reports shall be based on broad consensus.<br>2. A member of a Standing Committee may give a note of dissent on the report of the Committee.<br>3. The note of dissent shall be presented to the House along with the report.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\nAll three are the sub-rules of <i>Rule 331I:<\/i> \"(1) The Reports of the Committees shall be based on broad consensus. (2) A Member of a Standing Committee may give note of dissent on the report of the Committee. (3) The note of dissent shall be presented to the House along with the report.\"<br><br>\r\nSub-rule (1) is a genuine feature of the DRSC system and not mere exhortation \u2014 these Committees are drawn from both Houses and all parties, and they work by agreement rather than by division. Sub-rule (2) preserves the individual member's right to record disagreement notwithstanding that consensus.<br><br>\r\n<b>Compare the Select Committee<\/b>, where <i>Rule 303(5)<\/i> imposes conditions of form on a minute of dissent: it shall be couched in temperate and decorous language, shall not refer to any discussion in the Select Committee, and shall not cast aspersion on the Committee \u2014 and unparliamentary expressions may be ordered by the Speaker to be expunged from it.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 227,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"Except for matters for which special provision is made in the rules relating to the Standing Committees, the general rules applicable to other Parliamentary Committees in the Rajya Sabha shall apply mutatis mutandis to the Standing Committees specified in\",\r\n    options: [\"the Fourth Schedule\",\"Part II of the Fifth Schedule\",\"Part I of the Fifth Schedule\",\"both Parts of the Fifth Schedule\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Part I of the Fifth Schedule<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331J:<\/i> \"Except for matters for which special provision is made in the rule relating to the Standing Committees, the general rules applicable to other Parliamentary Committees in Rajya Sabha shall apply mutatis mutandis to the Standing Committees specified in Part-I of the Fifth Schedule and the general rules applicable to other Parliamentary Committees in Lok Sabha shall apply to Standing Committees as specified in Part-II of the Schedule.\"<br><br>\r\nRule 331J and <i>Rule 331D(3)<\/i> work together and produce the same division: Part I Committees are chaired by an appointee of the Chairman, Rajya Sabha and governed by Rajya Sabha rules; Part II Committees are chaired by an appointee of the Speaker and governed by Lok Sabha rules.<br><br>\r\n<b>In practice<\/b> (Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract): of the 24 DRSCs, 16 are under the administrative control of the Speaker and serviced by the Lok Sabha Secretariat, and 8 under the Chairman, Rajya Sabha. This is the basis of the PYQ answer that these Committees are serviced by two different Secretariats.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 228,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"The Departmentally Related Standing Committees shall not sit in any place except the precincts of Parliament House, unless otherwise specifically permitted by\",\r\n    options: [\"the Speaker alone\",\"the Chairman, Rajya Sabha alone\",\"the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker, as the case may be\",\"the House by a motion made for the purpose\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker, as the case may be<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331K: \"The Standing Committees shall not sit in any other place except the precincts of Parliament House, unless otherwise specifically permitted by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker, as the case may be.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe words \"as the case may be\" carry the Part I \/ Part II division of the Fifth Schedule into this rule as well \u2014 permission comes from whichever Presiding Officer has administrative control of the Committee concerned.<br><br>\r\n<b>Contrast the general rule, Rule 267:<\/b> for Committees at large, the sittings are held within the precincts of the Parliament House and, if a change of place outside becomes necessary, the matter is referred to the SPEAKER, whose decision shall be final. For the DRSCs alone the power is shared between the two Houses.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 229,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"The report of a Departmentally Related Standing Committee shall\",\r\n    options: [\"be binding on the Ministry or Department concerned\",\"require the concurrence of the Committee on Estimates before it is acted upon\",\"take effect as an order of the House once laid on the Table\",\"have persuasive value and be treated as considered advice given by the Committee\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) have persuasive value and be treated as considered advice given by the Committee<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331N: \"The report of the Standing Committees shall have persuasive value and shall be treated as considered advice given by the Committees.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThe formula is carefully chosen. These Committees examine the Demands for Grants of every Ministry and such Bills as are referred to them; if their reports bound the Government or the House, the Committee would in substance displace both. \"Persuasive value\" and \"considered advice\" keep the constitutional relationship intact \u2014 the House votes the Demands and passes the Bills.<br><br>\r\nThe same restraint appears in <i>Rule 331E(1)(a)<\/i>: in reporting on the Demands for Grants, the Committee \"shall not suggest anything of the nature of cut motions\" \u2014 the cut motion being the instrument by which the HOUSE, and not a Committee, reduces a demand.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 230,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to the powers exercisable by the Speaker under Chapter XXVI relating to Parliamentary Committees?\",\r\n    options: [\"Where an objection is taken to a member's inclusion in a Committee on the ground of interest, the decision of the Speaker shall be final\",\"Where a question arises whether the evidence of a person or the production of a document is relevant for the purposes of a Committee, the decision of the Speaker shall be final\",\"Where the Chairperson refers a doubtful point of procedure to the Speaker, the decision of the Speaker shall be final\",\"Where a Committee is equally divided on any question, the Speaker shall give a casting vote\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 262: \"In the case of an equality of votes on any matter, the CHAIRPERSON or the person acting as such, shall have a second or casting vote.\"<\/i> The casting vote in a Committee belongs to its Chairperson, never to the Speaker.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct, and are worth learning as a set \u2014 the four \"final\" decisions of the Speaker in this Chapter:<\/b><br>\r\n<i>Rule 255(d)<\/i> \u2014 on an objection to membership on the ground of interest (A \u2713);<br>\r\n<i>Proviso to Rule 270<\/i> \u2014 on the relevance of evidence or of a document (B \u2713);<br>\r\n<i>Rule 283(2)<\/i> \u2014 on a point of procedure referred by the Chairperson (C \u2713);<br>\r\n<i>Rule 267<\/i> \u2014 on a change of the place of sitting to outside the Parliament House.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 231,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following pairs of Committee and the Rule under which it is constituted:<br>1. Committee on Papers Laid on the Table \u2014 Rule 305A<br>2. Committee on Petitions \u2014 Rule 306<br>3. Committee of Privileges \u2014 Rule 313<br>4. Committee on Government Assurances \u2014 Rule 317<br>Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\"1 and 4 only\",\"2, 3 and 4 only\",\"1, 2 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 305A(1)<\/i> \u2014 Committee on Papers Laid on the Table (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 306<\/i> \u2014 Committee on Petitions (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 313<\/i> \u2014 Committee of Privileges (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Pair 4 is wrongly matched \u2717<\/b> \u2014 <i>Rule 317<\/i> constitutes the Committee on SUBORDINATE LEGISLATION. The Committee on Government Assurances is constituted by <i>Rule 323<\/i>, with its composition in Rule 324.<br><br>\r\n<b>The constituting rules, in order:<\/b> 287 Business Advisory \u00b7 293 Private Members' Bills and Resolutions \u00b7 298 Select Committee on a Bill \u00b7 305A Papers Laid on the Table \u00b7 306 Petitions \u00b7 308 Public Accounts \u00b7 310 Estimates \u00b7 312A Public Undertakings \u00b7 313 Privileges \u00b7 316A Ethics \u00b7 317 Subordinate Legislation \u00b7 323 Government Assurances \u00b7 325 Absence of Members \u00b7 329 Rules \u00b7 331A SC\/ST Welfare \u00b7 331C DRSCs \u00b7 331O Empowerment of Women.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 232,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"In which of the following Committees is the Speaker the ex-officio Chairperson?<br>1. Business Advisory Committee<br>2. Committee on Rules<br>3. Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions<br>4. Committee on Papers Laid on the Table<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3 only\",\"2 and 4 only\",\"1 and 2 only\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 287:<\/i> the Business Advisory Committee consists of not more than fifteen members \"including the Speaker who shall be the Chairperson of the Committee.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 330:<\/i> \"The Speaker shall be the ex-officio Chairperson of the Committee\" on Rules. (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Item 3 is the trap.<\/b> The Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions is chaired by the DEPUTY SPEAKER \u2014 not ex-officio under its own rule, but by the operation of the proviso to <i>Rule 258(1)<\/i>, which requires that the Deputy Speaker, if a member of a Committee, shall be appointed its Chairperson. He is invariably nominated to this Committee, so the proviso bites.<br>\r\n<b>Item 4 \u2717<\/b> \u2014 the Chairperson of the Committee on Papers Laid on the Table is appointed by the Speaker from amongst its members in the ordinary way under Rule 258(1).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 233,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"The report of which one of the following Committees is presented to the Speaker, who may direct that it be laid on the Table of the House, rather than being presented to the House?\",\r\n    options: [\"Committee of Privileges\",\"Committee on Government Assurances\",\"Committee on Ethics\",\"Committee on Subordinate Legislation\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Committee on Ethics<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 316D(2): \"The report shall be presented to the Speaker who may direct that the report be laid on the Table of the House.\"<\/i><br><br>\r\nThis is a deliberate departure from the general rule. <i>Rule 279(1):<\/i> \"The report of a Committee shall be presented to the House by the Chairperson or in the absence of the Chairperson by any member of the Committee.\" Every other Committee in this Chapter, including the three named as distractors, follows Rule 279(1).<br><br>\r\nThe reason is the subject-matter. A complaint of unethical conduct reaches the Committee only on a reference BY THE SPEAKER (Rule 316B(a)), and where a preliminary inquiry discloses no prima facie case the Committee may recommend that the matter be dropped, the Chairperson intimating the Speaker accordingly (Rule 316C(2)). It would be incongruous for such a report to be laid before the House automatically.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 234,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following pairs:<br>1. Report of a Select Committee on a Bill, and the Bill as reported by it \u2014 published in the Gazette<br>2. Allocation of time approved by the House on the report of the Business Advisory Committee \u2014 notified in the Bulletin<br>3. Amendments to the rules recommended by the Committee on Rules and approved by the House \u2014 promulgated by the Speaker in the Bulletin<br>4. An Order required to be laid before the House under Rule 319 \u2014 published in the Bulletin<br>Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 4 only\",\"2, 3 and 4 only\",\"1, 2 and 3 only\",\"1, 2, 3 and 4\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 305<\/i> \u2014 the report of a Select Committee, and the Bill as reported by it, \"shall be published in the GAZETTE.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 290A<\/i> \u2014 the allocation of time as approved by the House takes effect as an order of the House \"and shall be notified in the BULLETIN.\" (2 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331(2)-(3)<\/i> \u2014 the amendments to the rules as approved by the House \"shall be promulgated by the Speaker in the BULLETIN\", and under Rule 331(4) they come into force on their publication in the Bulletin unless otherwise specified. (3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Pair 4 is wrongly matched \u2717<\/b> \u2014 under <i>Rule 319<\/i> an Order shall \"be numbered centrally and published in the GAZETTE immediately after it is promulgated\", not in the Bulletin.<br><br>\r\n<b>The rule of thumb:<\/b> the Bulletin is the House's own internal instrument (allocations of time, amendments to the rules); the Gazette is for instruments that operate on the outside world (Bills as reported, statutory Orders).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 235,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"The bar on examining \\\"matters of day-to-day administration\\\" appears in the rules relating to which of the following Committees?<br>1. Committee on Public Undertakings<br>2. Departmentally Related Standing Committees<br>3. Committee on Public Accounts<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\"1, 2 and 3\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1 and 2 only\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Proviso to Rule 312A:<\/i> the Committee on Public Undertakings shall not examine and investigate \"(i) matters of major Government policy as distinct from business or commercial functions of the public undertakings; (ii) MATTERS OF DAY-TO-DAY ADMINISTRATION; (iii) matters for the consideration of which machinery is established by any special statute under which a particular public undertaking is established.\" (1 \u2713)<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331E(2): \"The Standing Committees shall not consider the matters of day to day administration of the concerned Ministries\/Departments.\"<\/i> (2 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Item 3 \u2717<\/b> \u2014 no such words appear in the rules relating to the Public Accounts Committee. Its restraint is of a different kind: under <i>Rule 308(2)<\/i> it examines the regularity and propriety of expenditure already incurred, and under the proviso to <i>Rule 308(4)<\/i> it may not exercise its functions in relation to public undertakings allotted to the Committee on Public Undertakings.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 236,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following provisions designed to prevent overlapping jurisdiction between Parliamentary Committees:<br>1. The Standing Committees shall not generally consider the matters which are considered by the other Parliamentary Committees.<br>2. Other Parliamentary Committees, including the Departmentally Related Standing Committees, shall not, as far as possible, consider the matters which are exclusively assigned to the Committee on the Empowerment of Women.<br>3. The Committee on Estimates shall not exercise its functions in relation to such public undertakings as are allotted to the Committee on Public Undertakings.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1 and 2 only\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1, 2 and 3\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331M<\/i> (1 \u2713) \u00b7 <i>Rule 331Q<\/i> (2 \u2713) \u00b7 <i>proviso to Rule 310<\/i> (3 \u2713).<br><br>\r\nThe Chapter contains a whole family of such anti-overlap provisions, and they are worth collecting in one place:<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>proviso to Rule 308(4)<\/b> \u2014 PAC not to exercise its functions over undertakings allotted to the CPU;<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>proviso to Rule 310<\/b> \u2014 the same bar on the Committee on Estimates;<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 312A(d)<\/b> \u2014 the CPU picks up the functions the other two lose, as allotted by the Speaker;<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 331M<\/b> \u2014 the DRSCs stand back from matters considered by other Committees;<br>\r\n\u2022 <b>Rule 331Q<\/b> \u2014 all Committees stand back from matters exclusively assigned to the Committee on the Empowerment of Women;<br>\r\n\u2022 per the Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract, the Committee on Papers Laid on the Table examines papers \"other than those which fall within the purview of the Committee on Subordinate Legislation or any other Parliamentary Committee.\"`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 237,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following pairs of Committee and the number of its members drawn from the Rajya Sabha:<br>1. Committee on Public Accounts \u2014 not more than 7<br>2. Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes \u2014 not more than 10<br>3. Each Departmentally Related Standing Committee \u2014 10<br>4. Committee on Estimates \u2014 not more than 7<br>Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?\",\r\n    options: [\"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\"1 and 4 only\",\"2, 3 and 4 only\",\"1, 2 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 309(1)<\/i> \u2014 Public Accounts: not more than 7 members of the Rajya Sabha, nominated by that House for association (1 \u2713).<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331B(1)<\/i> \u2014 SC\/ST Welfare: not more than 10, nominated by that House (2 \u2713).<br>\r\n<i>Rule 331D(1)<\/i> \u2014 each DRSC: 10, nominated by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha (3 \u2713).<br><br>\r\n<b>Pair 4 is wrongly matched \u2717<\/b> \u2014 the Committee on ESTIMATES has NO Rajya Sabha members at all. Under <i>Rule 311(1)<\/i> it consists of not more than thirty members elected by the Lok Sabha alone. This is the single most frequently examined point about the Committee, and it has been set at least twice \u2014 in 2014 and again in the reworked bank.<br><br>\r\n<b>Also note the difference in who nominates:<\/b> for the PAC, CPU and SC\/ST Welfare Committee the Rajya Sabha members are nominated BY THAT HOUSE; for the DRSCs and the Committee on the Empowerment of Women they are nominated by the CHAIRMAN, RAJYA SABHA.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 238,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Consider the following statements about the time-limits prescribed in Chapter XXVI:<br>1. Not more than half an hour is allotted for the discussion of a motion on the report of the Business Advisory Committee.<br>2. The Speaker may permit a debate not exceeding half an hour on the motion that the report of the Committee of Privileges be taken into consideration.<br>3. A member may give notice of an amendment to the recommendations of the Committee on Rules within fourteen days of their being laid on the Table.<br>Which of the statements given above are correct?\",\r\n    options: [\"1, 2 and 3\",\"2 and 3 only\",\"1 and 3 only\",\"1 and 2 only\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1 and 2 only<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Second proviso to Rule 290<\/i> \u2014 not more than half an hour for the discussion of the motion, and not more than five minutes per member (1 \u2713). <i>Rule 295<\/i> makes identical provision for the report of the Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions.<br>\r\n<i>Rule 315(2)<\/i> \u2014 the Speaker may permit a debate not exceeding half an hour on the motion that the report of the Committee of Privileges be taken into consideration (2 \u2713). <i>Rule 316E(2)<\/i> does the same for the Committee on Ethics.<br><br>\r\n<b>Statement 3: INCORRECT \u2717<\/b> \u2014 the period under <i>Rule 331(1)<\/i> is <b>SEVEN DAYS<\/b>, beginning with the day on which the recommendations are laid on the Table; and under <i>Rule 331(3)<\/i>, if no notice of amendment is given within seven days, the recommendations are deemed to have been approved by the House. Fourteen days is the notice period under Rule 200(2) for a resolution for the removal of the Speaker or Deputy Speaker \u2014 a different Chapter altogether.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 239,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Origin and Classification\",\r\n    question: \"Apart from the Committees of the Legislative Assembly, members of both Houses of the Central Legislature under the Constitutional Reforms of 1919 also served on\",\r\n    options: [\"the Select Committee on Amendments of Standing Orders\",\"the Council of State's Committee on Public Accounts\",\"the Committee on Petitions relating to Bills\",\"the Standing Advisory Committees attached to various Departments of the Government of India\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) the Standing Advisory Committees attached to various Departments<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract records that, apart from the Committees of the Legislative Assembly, members of both Houses of the Central Legislature served on the Standing Advisory Committees attached to the various Departments of the Government of India.<br><br>\r\nIt adds the characteristic that marks the whole pre-Independence system: all those Committees \"were purely advisory in character and functioned under the control of the Government with the Minister-in-charge of the Department acting as the Chairperson of the Committee.\"<br><br>\r\nThe contrast with today is total. A Parliamentary Committee now works under the direction of the SPEAKER, and a Minister is barred from membership of every principal scrutiny Committee \u2014 the Committee on Estimates, Public Accounts, Public Undertakings, SC\/ST Welfare, Subordinate Legislation, Government Assurances, Petitions, the Empowerment of Women and the DRSCs.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 240,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ad hoc Committees and JPCs\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following Joint Parliamentary Committees on special issues was constituted in the year 2003?\",\r\n    options: [\"Joint Committee to enquire into Irregularities in Securities and Banking Transactions\",\"Joint Committee on Stock Market Scam and matters relating thereto\",\"Joint Committee on Pesticide residues in and safety standards for soft drinks, fruit juice and other beverages\",\"Joint Committee to examine matters relating to allocation and pricing of Telecom Licences and Spectrum\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) Pesticide residues in soft drinks, fruit juice and other beverages \u2014 2003<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe five JPCs on special issues listed in the Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract, with their years:<br>\r\n(i) Bofors Contract \u2014 <b>1987<\/b>;<br>\r\n(ii) Irregularities in Securities and Banking Transactions \u2014 <b>1992<\/b>;<br>\r\n(iii) Stock Market Scam and matters relating thereto \u2014 <b>2001<\/b>;<br>\r\n(iv) Pesticide residues in and safety standards for soft drinks, fruit juice and other beverages \u2014 <b>2003<\/b>;<br>\r\n(v) Allocation and pricing of Telecom Licences and Spectrum \u2014 <b>2011<\/b>.<br><br>\r\nThe 2003 Committee is the one most often missed, because it is the only non-financial subject in a list otherwise made up of defence procurement, securities, stock markets and spectrum. The Abstract explains why such Committees are set up at all: they investigate serious issues which have greatly agitated the public mind and which involve fraud or corruption on a large scale, on the basis of a consensus between the Government and the Opposition, and they become <i>functus officio<\/i> on submitting their report.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 241,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Ad hoc Committees and JPCs\",\r\n    question: \"Which of the following are given in the Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract as examples of Committees appointed on an ad hoc basis for a particular purpose?<br>1. Committee to inquire into the misconduct of Members of Lok Sabha (2007)<br>2. Committee on Draft Five Year Plans<br>3. Joint Committee to suggest facilities and remuneration for Members of Parliament (1993)<br>4. Committee on Government Assurances<br>Select the correct answer using the code given below:\",\r\n    options: [\"1, 2, 3 and 4\",\"1 and 4 only\",\"2, 3 and 4 only\",\"1, 2 and 3 only\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Abstract gives, as examples of Committees appointed on an ad hoc basis as and when necessary for a particular purpose, the Select and Joint Committees on Bills, and also the Committee to inquire into the misconduct of Members of Lok Sabha (2007), the Committee on Draft Five Year Plans, and the Joint Committee to suggest facilities and remuneration for Members of Parliament (1993). (1 \u2713, 2 \u2713, 3 \u2713)<br><br>\r\n<b>Item 4 \u2717<\/b> \u2014 the Committee on Government Assurances is a STANDING Committee, constituted under Rules 323 and 324 of the Rules of Procedure, nominated by the Speaker and holding office for a term not exceeding one year.<br><br>\r\n<b>The test:<\/b> an ad hoc Committee is appointed for a particular purpose and ceases to exist when it has completed its task and reported; a Standing Committee is constituted from time to time under an Act or the Rules and is reconstituted, ordinarily every year.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 242,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Composition of Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"The Library Committee consists of nine members, drawn as follows :\",\r\n    options: [\"3 members of the Lok Sabha and 6 members of the Rajya Sabha, elected by the two Houses\",\"5 members of the Lok Sabha and 4 members of the Rajya Sabha, all nominated by the Speaker\",\"all 9 from the Lok Sabha, nominated by the Speaker\",\"6 members of the Lok Sabha and 3 members of the Rajya Sabha, nominated by the Speaker and the Chairman, Rajya Sabha respectively\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D) 6 from the Lok Sabha and 3 from the Rajya Sabha<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract states: \"Library Committee consists of 9 members \u2014 6 members of Lok Sabha and 3 members of Rajya Sabha nominated by the Speaker, Lok Sabha and Chairman, Rajya Sabha, respectively.\"<br><br>\r\nAt nine members it is the SMALLEST of the Standing Committees listed in the Abstract's table; the House Committee, at twelve, is the next smallest.<br><br>\r\n<b>Its functions:<\/b> to consider and advise on such matters concerning the Library as may be referred to it by the Speaker from time to time, to consider suggestions for the improvement of the Library, and to assist members of BOTH Houses in fully utilising the services provided by the Library \u2014 which is why it is constituted as a Joint Committee.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 243,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Composition of Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"The General Purposes Committee of the Lok Sabha consists of the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker, the members of the Panel of Chairpersons, the Chairpersons of the Standing Committees of the Lok Sabha, and\",\r\n    options: [\"the Chairpersons of the Departmentally Related Standing Committees under the control of the Chairman, Rajya Sabha\",\"fifteen other members elected by the House\",\"the Leader of the Opposition and the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs only\",\"the Leaders of recognised Parties and Groups in the Lok Sabha, and such other members as may be nominated by the Speaker\"],\r\n    correct: 3,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: D)<\/b><br><br>\r\nPer the note to the membership table in the Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract, the General Purposes Committee \"Consists of Speaker, Deputy Speaker, Panel of Chairpersons, Chairpersons of Standing Committees of Lok Sabha, Leaders of recognized Parties and Groups in Lok Sabha and such other members as may be nominated by the Speaker.\"<br><br>\r\nThis is why its strength is shown in the table as <b>\"Not fixed\"<\/b> \u2014 alone among the Standing Committees, its composition is defined by OFFICE rather than by number, and it therefore varies with the number of Standing Committees and of recognised Parties and Groups in the House at any given time.<br><br>\r\n<b>Its function<\/b> is correspondingly broad: to advise the Speaker on such matters concerning the affairs of the House as may be referred to it by him from time to time.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 244,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Composition of Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"The supervision exercised by the House Committee of the Lok Sabha extends to facilities for\",\r\n    options: [\"accommodation, food, medical aid and other amenities accorded to members in members' residences and hostels in Delhi\",\"accommodation in members' residences in Delhi alone\",\"travel and daily allowances of members\",\"the Parliament House Complex, including its heritage character\"],\r\n    correct: 0,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: A)<\/b><br><br>\r\nThe Lok Sabha Secretariat's Abstract gives the House Committee's functions as dealing with all questions relating to residential accommodation for members of the Lok Sabha \"and also exercise supervision over facilities for accommodation, food, medical aid and other amenities accorded to members in members' residences and hostels in Delhi.\"<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (c) belongs to a different body<\/b> \u2014 travelling and daily allowances, and medical, housing, telephone, postal, water, electricity, constituency and secretarial facilities, are the province of the Joint Committee on Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament, which makes rules for them after consultation with the Central Government under section 9(1) of the Salary, Allowances and Pension of Members of Parliament Act, 1954.<br><br>\r\n<b>Option (d)<\/b> belongs to the Joint Committee on Maintenance of Heritage Character and Development of Parliament House Complex \u2014 an ad hoc Committee appointed by the Presiding Officers.<br><br>\r\nThe House Committee is also the one Committee with a specially prescribed quorum: <b>5 against its total strength of 12<\/b>.`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 245,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"General Rules\",\r\n    question: \"Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with regard to the report of a Parliamentary Committee?\",\r\n    options: [\"Reports may be either preliminary or final\",\"The report shall be signed by the Chairperson on behalf of the Committee\",\"Where the Chairperson is absent or not readily available, the Speaker shall sign the report on behalf of the Committee\",\"In presenting the report, any remarks made shall be confined to a brief statement of fact, and there shall be no debate on that statement at that stage\"],\r\n    correct: 2,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: C) \u2014 this statement is NOT correct.<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Proviso to Rule 277(3): \"Provided that in case the Chairperson is absent or is not readily available the COMMITTEE shall choose another member to sign the report on behalf of the Committee.\"<\/i> The Speaker has no part in it.<br><br>\r\nThe rule follows the same principle as <i>Rule 258(3)<\/i>, under which the Committee \u2014 not the Speaker \u2014 chooses a member to act as Chairperson for a sitting from which the Chairperson is absent. Where the Speaker DOES step in is under Rule 258(2), when the Chairperson is for any reason unable to act at all.<br><br>\r\n<b>The other three are correct:<\/b> <i>Rule 277(2)<\/i> (A \u2713), <i>Rule 277(3)<\/i> main limb (B \u2713), <i>Rule 279(2)<\/i> (D \u2713).`\r\n  },\r\n\r\n  {\r\n    id: 246,\r\n    source: \"Clause-level, comparative and residual provisions\",\r\n    chapter: \"Departmentally Related Standing Committees\",\r\n    question: \"A Departmentally Related Standing Committee considers national basic long term policy documents presented to the House\",\r\n    options: [\"in every case, as soon as they are presented\",\"if they are referred to the Committee by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker, as the case may be\",\"only where they relate to a Ministry within its jurisdiction under the Fourth Schedule\",\"only after the Demands for Grants of the Ministry concerned have been reported upon\"],\r\n    correct: 1,\r\n    explanation: `<b>Correct Answer: B)<\/b><br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331E(1)(d):<\/i> \"to consider national basic long term policy documents presented to the House and referred to the Committee by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha or the Speaker, as the case may be, and make reports thereon.\"<br><br>\r\n<b>The conditionality is the point.<\/b> Two of the four functions under Rule 331E(1) operate only on a REFERENCE by a Presiding Officer \u2014 clause (b), Bills, and clause (d), policy documents. The other two operate of their own force: clause (a), the Demands for Grants of the concerned Ministries\/Departments, and clause (c), their annual reports.<br><br>\r\nOption (c) also misstates the Schedule: the Ministries and Departments within a Standing Committee's jurisdiction are specified in the <b>FIFTH<\/b> Schedule (Rule 331C(2)). The Fourth Schedule lists the public undertakings examined by the Committee on Public Undertakings (Rule 312A).<br><br>\r\n<i>Rule 331F:<\/i> each of these four functions becomes applicable from such date as may be notified by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha and the Speaker in respect of that particular function.`\r\n  }\r\n\r\n];\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   3. SANITISE + INDEX\r\n   Both banks are checked the same way; bad rows are dropped with a\r\n   console note rather than blanking the widget.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction sanitise(list, kind){\r\n  if(!Array.isArray(list)) return [];\r\n  const ok=[], bad=[];\r\n  list.forEach((q,i)=>{\r\n    const good = q && q.id!==undefined && typeof q.question==='string'\r\n      && Array.isArray(q.options) && q.options.length>=2\r\n      && Number.isInteger(q.correct) && q.correct>=0 && q.correct<q.options.length\r\n      && typeof q.chapter==='string' && q.chapter.length;\r\n    if(good){ q.bank = kind; ok.push(q); } else bad.push({row:i, id:q&&q.id});\r\n  });\r\n  if(bad.length) console.warn('['+kind+' bank] skipped '+bad.length+' malformed question(s):', bad);\r\n  return ok;\r\n}\r\nconst PYQ = sanitise(pyqQuestions,'pyq');\r\nconst CON = sanitise(conceptQuestions,'concept');\r\nconst QS  = PYQ.concat(CON);\r\n\r\nconst L = ['A','B','C','D','E','F'];\r\nconst uid = q => q.bank+'##'+q.chapter+'##'+q.id;\r\nconst BY_UID = new Map(QS.map(q=>[uid(q), q]));\r\n\r\n\/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n   Chapters are keyed on their number, so the two banks do not have to\r\n   spell the name identically. 'Ch 2', 'CH 2: Right to Information...'\r\n   and 'Chapter-2' all resolve to the same chapter; the longest spelling\r\n   found in either bank becomes the display name.\r\n   --------------------------------------------------------------------- *\/\r\nconst ROMAN = {i:1,ii:2,iii:3,iv:4,v:5,vi:6,vii:7,viii:8,ix:9,x:10,xi:11,xii:12};\r\nfunction chKey(str){\r\n  const t = String(str).toUpperCase().replace(\/[\\u2010-\\u2015]\/g,'-').trim();\r\n  let m = t.match(\/^(?:CH|CHAP|CHAPTER)\\s*[-.:]?\\s*(\\d+)\/);\r\n  if(m) return 'CH'+(+m[1]);\r\n  m = t.match(\/^(?:APPENDICES|APPENDIX|ANNEXURES?|ANNEXES?|APNDX|APPX|APDX|APP)\\s*[-.:]?\\s*(\\d+|[IVX]+)\\b\/);\r\n  if(m){ const v=m[1]; return 'APP'+(\/^\\d+$\/.test(v) ? +v : (ROMAN[v.toLowerCase()]||v)); }\r\n  m = t.match(\/^(\\d+)\\s*[-.:)]\/);\r\n  if(m) return 'CH'+(+m[1]);\r\n  return 'T:'+t.replace(\/[^A-Z0-9]+\/g,' ').trim();\r\n}\r\nconst CH_NAME = (function(){\r\n  const best={};\r\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ const k=chKey(q.chapter);\r\n    if(!best[k] || q.chapter.length>best[k].length) best[k]=q.chapter; });\r\n  return best;\r\n})();\r\nQS.forEach(q=>{ q.chKey = chKey(q.chapter); q.chapter = CH_NAME[q.chKey]; });\r\n\r\nconst CHAPTERS = (function(){\r\n  const seen=[]; QS.forEach(q=>{ if(!seen.includes(q.chapter)) seen.push(q.chapter); }); return seen;\r\n})();\r\nconst BY_CH = (()=>{ const m=new Map();\r\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ if(!m.has(q.chapter)) m.set(q.chapter,[]); m.get(q.chapter).push(q); }); return m; })();\r\nconst inCh   = c => BY_CH.get(c) || [];\r\nconst inChB  = (c,b) => inCh(c).filter(q=>q.bank===b);\r\n\r\nfunction chOrder(c){\r\n  const k = chKey(c);\r\n  if(k.startsWith('CH'))  return [0, +k.slice(2)||0, c];\r\n  if(k.startsWith('APP')) return [1, +k.slice(3)||99, c];\r\n  return [2, 0, c];\r\n}\r\nfunction byChapterOrder(a,b){\r\n  const x=chOrder(a.chapter||a), y=chOrder(b.chapter||b);\r\n  return x[0]-y[0] || x[1]-y[1] || String(x[2]).localeCompare(String(y[2]));\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* a bank that stores chapter names in block capitals is softened for display *\/\r\nfunction titleCase(str){\r\n  const t=String(str), letters=t.replace(\/[^A-Za-z]\/g,'');\r\n  if(!letters || letters !== letters.toUpperCase()) return t;\r\n  const small=new Set(['of','the','and','for','in','to','a','an','on','by','or','with','from','as','at','under']);\r\n  return t.toLowerCase().replace(\/[A-Za-z][A-Za-z'\\u2019]*\/g,(w,i)=>\r\n    (i>0 && small.has(w)) ? w : w.charAt(0).toUpperCase()+w.slice(1))\r\n    .replace(\/\\bCh\\b\/g,'Ch').replace(\/\\bC&ag\\b\/gi,'C&AG').replace(\/\\bRti\\b\/g,'RTI');\r\n}\r\nconst chShort = c => { const k=chKey(c);\r\n  return k.startsWith('CH') ? 'Ch '+k.slice(2) : k.startsWith('APP') ? 'Appx '+k.slice(3) : titleCase(c).slice(0,22); };\r\nconst chBrief = c => { const m=String(c).match(\/^\\s*(?:CH|CHAPTER)\\s*(\\d+)\\s*:\\s*(.+)$\/i);\r\n  const cap=t=>t.length>40?t.slice(0,38).trim()+'\\u2026':t;\r\n  return m ? 'Ch '+m[1]+': '+cap(titleCase(m[2])) : cap(titleCase(String(c))); };\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   4. EXAM WEIGHT \u2014 counted, not declared\r\n   A chapter's weight is its share of the PYQ bank. Nothing is set by\r\n   hand, so adding a year of papers re-weights the whole page. If there\r\n   are no PYQs at all, the page falls back to the concept bank's shape\r\n   and stops calling it exam weight.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst W = (function(){\r\n  const pyqCount={}, conCount={};\r\n  CHAPTERS.forEach(c=>{ pyqCount[c]=inChB(c,'pyq').length; conCount[c]=inChB(c,'concept').length; });\r\n  const totalPyq = PYQ.length, totalCon = CON.length;\r\n  const weights={};\r\n  if(totalPyq>0) CHAPTERS.forEach(c=>weights[c]=pyqCount[c]\/totalPyq);\r\n  else           CHAPTERS.forEach(c=>weights[c]= totalCon?conCount[c]\/totalCon:0);\r\n  \/\/ chapters the paper has never touched\r\n  const untested = CHAPTERS.filter(c=>pyqCount[c]===0 && conCount[c]>0);\r\n  return {weights, pyqCount, conCount, totalPyq, totalCon, untested, measured: totalPyq>0};\r\n})();\r\nconst weightOf = c => W.weights[c] || 0;\r\nconst pctLabel = x => { const v=(x||0)*100; if(!(v>0)) return '0%';\r\n  return (v<10 ? Math.round(v*10)\/10 : Math.round(v)) + '%'; };\r\n\r\n\/* wording \u2014 weights are counted from real papers here, so the exam\r\n   language is accurate; it softens on its own if no PYQs are loaded *\/\r\nconst WT = W.measured;\r\nconst T = {\r\n  ofPaper   : WT ? 'of the exam'          : 'of this bank',\r\n  onScreen  : WT ? 'Exam weight on screen': 'Share on screen',\r\n  colWeight : WT ? 'Exam weight'          : 'Share of bank',\r\n  covered   : WT ? 'Paper weight touched' : 'Bank covered',\r\n  projected : WT ? 'Projected paper score': 'Projected score',\r\n  leakHead  : WT ? 'Where your marks are leaking' : 'Where you are losing the most',\r\n  leakUnit  : WT ? 'marks \/100'           : 'points \/100',\r\n  leakWord  : WT ? 'marks'                : 'points',\r\n  readyDef  : WT ? 'Readiness = \\u03a3 (exam weight \\u00d7 mastery)' : 'Readiness = \\u03a3 (share of the bank \\u00d7 mastery)',\r\n  paperOut  : WT ? 'the paper would come out near' : 'you would score around'\r\n};\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   6. PROGRESS (localStorage, one record per quizId)\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst SCHEMA = 1;\r\nconst KEY = 'pe_chapterdrill_' + CFG.quizId;\r\nfunction blank(){ return { schema:SCHEMA, stats:{}, weak:[], flags:[], log:[], queue:[], queueLabel:'', queueKind:'', lastUid:null }; }\r\nlet P = (function(){\r\n  const p = blank();\r\n  try{\r\n    const s = localStorage.getItem(KEY);\r\n    if(s){ const j=JSON.parse(s);\r\n      if(j && j.schema===SCHEMA) Object.assign(p, j);\r\n      else if(j) console.warn('[storage] older schema found; starting fresh.');\r\n    }\r\n  }catch(e){ console.warn('progress load failed', e); }\r\n  ['weak','flags','log','queue'].forEach(k=>{ if(!Array.isArray(p[k])) p[k]=[]; });\r\n  if(!p.stats) p.stats={};\r\n  return p;\r\n})();\r\nlet storageWarned=false;\r\nfunction save(){\r\n  try{\r\n    if(P.log.length>400) P.log = P.log.slice(-400);\r\n    localStorage.setItem(KEY, JSON.stringify(P));\r\n  }catch(e){\r\n    try{ P.log = P.log.slice(-80); localStorage.setItem(KEY, JSON.stringify(P)); }\r\n    catch(e2){ if(!storageWarned){ storageWarned=true; toast('Your browser is blocking saved progress \u2014 this sitting will not be remembered'); } }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\nfunction stat(u){ if(!P.stats[u]) P.stats[u]={correct:0,incorrect:0,last:null,lastOk:null}; return P.stats[u]; }\r\nconst flags = new Set(P.flags);\r\nconst weak  = new Set(P.weak);\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   7. SESSION STATE\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst S = { tab:'quiz', filter:'all', chapter:null, bank:'all', i:0, pick:null, nudge:false,\r\n            query:'', unattempted:false, ans:{}, order:[] };\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   8. FORMAT + TRAIT MODEL\r\n   SHAPE  = how the question is built (one per question)\r\n   TRAIT  = what it turns on (a question may carry several)\r\n   A shape gap is a reading habit; a trait gap is recall. Same number,\r\n   opposite remedy \u2014 so they are reported separately.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst SHAPES = [\r\n  { key:'match',  label:'Match the following (List-I \/ List-II)',\r\n    test:q => \/list\\s*-?\\s*i\\b\/i.test(q.question) },\r\n  { key:'multi',  label:'Multi-statement \/ how many are correct',\r\n    test:q => q.question.split(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/).filter(x=>\/^\\s*\\d+[.)]\/.test(x)).length>=2 },\r\n  { key:'direct', label:'Explanation', test:()=>true }  \/\/ catch-all\r\n];\r\nconst TRAITS = [\r\n  { key:'cite',      label:'Para, rule, article or article-number recall',\r\n    test:q => \/\\b(para|paragraph|rule|article|section|appendix|schedule|clause)\\s*[-\u2013]?\\s*\\d\/i.test(q.question+' '+q.options.join(' ')) },\r\n  { key:'period',    label:'Time limits and periods',\r\n    test:q => \/\\b\\d+\\s*(day|week|month|year|hour)s?\\b|\\b(one|two|three|four|five|six|seven|ten|fourteen|fifteen|twenty|twenty-five|thirty|forty-five|sixty|ninety)[\\s-](day|week|month|year)s?\\b\/i.test(q.options.join(' ')) },\r\n  { key:'money',     label:'Numbers, monetary limits and percentages',\r\n    test:q => \/\u20b9|\\bRs\\.?\\s*\\d|\\blakhs?\\b|\\bcrores?\\b|per\\s*cent|%|\\bone-(third|fourth|half|tenth)\\b\/i.test(q.options.join(' ')) },\r\n  { key:'authority', label:'Competent authority \/ level \/ who does what',\r\n    test:q => \/\\bwho\\b|\\bby whom\\b|\\bauthority\\b|\\brank of\\b|\\blevel of\\b|\\bnot below\\b|addressed to|shall be (signed|issued|approved|maintained|prepared|submitted)\/i.test(q.question+' '+q.options.join(' ')) },\r\n  { key:'negative',  label:'Negatively phrased (\u201cNOT correct\u201d, \u201cexcept\u201d)',\r\n    test:q => \/\\bnot correct\\b|\\bis incorrect\\b|\\bare not correct\\b|\\bexcept\\b|\\bdoes not\\b|\\bcannot\\b|\\bnot required\\b|\\bneed not\\b|\\bis\\\/are not\\b\/i.test(q.question) }\r\n];\r\nconst _shape = {};\r\nfunction shapeOf(q){ const u=uid(q); return _shape[u] || (_shape[u] = SHAPES.find(s=>s.test(q)) || SHAPES[SHAPES.length-1]); }\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   9. MODELS\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction smoothed(c,i){ const k=CFG.priorStrength, p0=CFG.priorAccuracy; return (c + k*p0)\/(c + i + k); }\r\nfunction expectedRate(c,i,coverage){ return smoothed(c,i)*coverage + CFG.priorAccuracy*(1-coverage); }\r\nfunction recall(st){\r\n  if(!st || !st.last || st.correct<2) return null;\r\n  const R=CFG.retention, reps=Math.max(1, st.correct - st.incorrect);\r\n  const stability = R.baseDays * Math.pow(R.growth, reps-1);\r\n  return Math.exp(-((Date.now()-st.last)\/86400000)\/stability);\r\n}\r\nfunction retentionIndex(){\r\n  let s=0,n=0; QS.forEach(q=>{ const r=recall(P.stats[uid(q)]); if(r!==null){s+=r;n++;} });\r\n  return n ? Math.round(s\/n*100) : null;\r\n}\r\nfunction bankStats(c, bank){\r\n  const qs = inChB(c, bank);\r\n  let att=0, ok=0, bad=0, mastSum=0;\r\n  qs.forEach(q=>{ const st=P.stats[uid(q)];\r\n    if(st && (st.correct+st.incorrect)>0){ att++; ok+=st.correct; bad+=st.incorrect; }\r\n    mastSum += st ? Math.min(st.correct\/CFG.masteryThreshold,1) : 0; });\r\n  return { count:qs.length, att, ok, bad,\r\n           acc:(ok+bad)?ok\/(ok+bad):null,\r\n           coverage: qs.length?att\/qs.length:0,\r\n           mastery: qs.length?mastSum\/qs.length:0 };\r\n}\r\nfunction chapterRows(){\r\n  return CHAPTERS.map(c=>{\r\n    const pyq = bankStats(c,'pyq'), con = bankStats(c,'concept');\r\n    const count = pyq.count+con.count, att = pyq.att+con.att;\r\n    const ok = pyq.ok+con.ok, bad = pyq.bad+con.bad;\r\n    const acc = (ok+bad) ? ok\/(ok+bad) : null;\r\n    const weight = weightOf(c);\r\n    const coverage = count?att\/count:0;\r\n    const mastery  = count ? (pyq.mastery*pyq.count + con.mastery*con.count)\/count : 0;\r\n    const expected = expectedRate(ok,bad,coverage);\r\n    const leak = weight*(1-expected);\r\n    const difficulty = acc===null ? 1 : (1.4 - 0.6*acc);\r\n    return { chapter:c, count, weight, pyq, con, att, ok, bad,\r\n             coverage, acc, mastery, expected, leak,\r\n             priority: weight*(1-mastery)*difficulty };\r\n  }).sort((a,b)=>b.weight-a.weight);\r\n}\r\nfunction readiness(){\r\n  const rows=chapterRows();\r\n  return {\r\n    score     : Math.round(rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.weight*r.mastery,0)*100),\r\n    projected : Math.round(rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.weight*r.expected,0)*100),\r\n    covered   : Math.round(rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.weight*r.coverage,0)*100),\r\n    touched   : Object.values(P.stats).some(s=>(s.correct+s.incorrect)>0),\r\n    rows\r\n  };\r\n}\r\nfunction masteredCount(){ return QS.filter(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)]; return s && s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold; }).length; }\r\nfunction formatRows(){\r\n  const acc={};\r\n  const ensure=(k,l,kind)=> acc[k] || (acc[k]={key:k,label:l,kind:kind,ok:0,bad:0,total:0,seen:0});\r\n  SHAPES.forEach(s=>ensure(s.key,s.label,'shape'));\r\n  TRAITS.forEach(t=>ensure(t.key,t.label,'trait'));\r\n  QS.forEach(q=>{\r\n    const s=P.stats[uid(q)], buckets=[acc[shapeOf(q).key]];\r\n    TRAITS.forEach(t=>{ if(t.test(q)) buckets.push(acc[t.key]); });\r\n    buckets.forEach(r=>{ r.total++; if(s && (s.correct+s.incorrect)>0){ r.seen++; r.ok+=s.correct; r.bad+=s.incorrect; } });\r\n  });\r\n  return Object.values(acc).map(r=>{ const n=r.ok+r.bad; r.attempts=n; r.acc = n? r.ok\/n : null; return r; })\r\n    .filter(r=>r.total>0);\r\n}\r\nfunction dueForRevision(){\r\n  const risk=CFG.retention.riskBelow;\r\n  return QS.map(q=>{\r\n    const st=P.stats[uid(q)], r=recall(st);\r\n    if(r===null || r>=risk) return null;\r\n    return { q, recall:r, days:Math.floor((Date.now()-st.last)\/86400000), urgency: weightOf(q.chapter)*(1-r) };\r\n  }).filter(Boolean).sort((a,b)=>b.urgency-a.urgency);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   10. SESSION PLANNER\r\n   Focused set \u2014 chapter time in proportion to the marks leaking out.\r\n   Mock paper  \u2014 ignores your history, mirrors the shape of the bank.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction gain(q){\r\n  const u=uid(q), st=P.stats[u], c=st?st.correct:0, i=st?st.incorrect:0;\r\n  const deficit = 1 - Math.min(c\/CFG.masteryThreshold, 1);\r\n  let urgency = 1 + 0.15*deficit;\r\n  if(weak.has(u)) urgency += 0.60;\r\n  const r = recall(st);\r\n  if(r!==null && r<CFG.retention.riskBelow) urgency += (1-r);\r\n  if(c+i===0) urgency += 0.15;\r\n  return weightOf(q.chapter)*(deficit+0.12)*urgency;\r\n}\r\nfunction allocate(rows,n,shareOf){\r\n  const total = rows.reduce((a,r)=>a+Math.max(0,shareOf(r)),0);\r\n  if(!(total>0)) return rows.map(r=>({r,slots:0}));\r\n  const out = rows.map(r=>{ const exact=n*Math.max(0,shareOf(r))\/total;\r\n    return {r, exact, slots:Math.min(Math.floor(exact), r.count)}; });\r\n  let left = n - out.reduce((a,x)=>a+x.slots,0);\r\n  out.slice().sort((a,b)=>(b.exact-b.slots)-(a.exact-a.slots))\r\n     .forEach(x=>{ if(left>0 && x.slots<x.r.count){ x.slots++; left--; } });\r\n  if(left>0) out.slice().sort((a,b)=>shareOf(b.r)-shareOf(a.r))\r\n     .forEach(x=>{ while(left>0 && x.slots<x.r.count){ x.slots++; left--; } });\r\n  return out;\r\n}\r\n\/* Fisher\u2013Yates, so the order of a sitting is never the order of the bank *\/\r\nfunction shuffle(a){\r\n  for(let i=a.length-1;i>0;i--){ const j=Math.floor(Math.random()*(i+1)); [a[i],a[j]]=[a[j],a[i]]; }\r\n  return a;\r\n}\r\n\/* Weighted sampling without replacement: a high score makes a question\r\n   likely, never certain. Two sittings built back to back therefore share\r\n   only part of their content instead of being identical. *\/\r\nfunction sampleWeighted(pool, n, scoreFn){\r\n  const items = pool.map(q=>({q, w:Math.max(scoreFn(q), 1e-9)}));\r\n  const out=[];\r\n  n = Math.min(n, items.length);\r\n  for(let k=0;k<n;k++){\r\n    let total=0; items.forEach(x=>total+=x.w);\r\n    let r=Math.random()*total, hit=items.length-1;\r\n    for(let i=0;i<items.length;i++){ r-=items[i].w; if(r<=0){ hit=i; break; } }\r\n    out.push(items[hit].q);\r\n    items.splice(hit,1);\r\n  }\r\n  return out;\r\n}\r\nfunction buildSession(kind){\r\n  const only = kind==='pyq' ? 'pyq' : null;\r\n  const rows = chapterRows().filter(r=> only ? r[only].count>0 : r.count>0);\r\n  if(!rows.length) return 0;\r\n  const cap = kind==='mock' ? CFG.mockSize : kind==='pyq' ? CFG.pyqSize : CFG.sessionSize;\r\n  const n = Math.min(cap, only==='pyq' ? PYQ.length : QS.length);\r\n  const share = kind==='focus' ? (r=>r.leak) : (r=>r.weight);\r\n  const alloc = allocate(rows.map(r=>only?Object.assign({},r,{count:r[only].count}):r), n, share);\r\n\r\n  \/\/ whatever you were given last time is pushed down, not banned\r\n  const last = new Set(P.queue||[]);\r\n  const fresh = u => last.has(u) ? 0.3 : 1;\r\n\r\n  const picked=[];\r\n  alloc.forEach(({r,slots})=>{\r\n    if(!slots) return;\r\n    const pool = only ? inChB(r.chapter,only).slice() : inCh(r.chapter).slice();\r\n    if(kind==='mock' || kind==='pyq'){\r\n      \/\/ the mock ignores how well you know a question and simply spreads\r\n      \/\/ itself over the bank, favouring what you have seen least\r\n      picked.push(...sampleWeighted(pool, slots, q=>{\r\n        const st=P.stats[uid(q)], seen=st?(st.correct+st.incorrect):0;\r\n        const stale=(st&&st.last) ? Math.min((Date.now()-st.last)\/(86400000*30),1) : 1;\r\n        return (1\/(1+seen*1.6) + 0.35*stale) * fresh(uid(q));\r\n      }));\r\n    } else {\r\n      picked.push(...sampleWeighted(pool, slots, q=>gain(q)*fresh(uid(q))));\r\n    }\r\n  });\r\n  shuffle(picked);\r\n  P.queue = picked.map(uid);\r\n  P.queueLabel = kind==='mock' ? 'Mock paper' : kind==='pyq' ? 'PYQ paper' : 'Focused set';\r\n  P.queueKind = kind;\r\n  save();\r\n  return picked.length;\r\n}\r\nfunction startSession(kind){\r\n  const had = (P.queue||[]).length;\r\n  const n = buildSession(kind);\r\n  if(!n){ toast('Nothing to build a session from yet'); return; }\r\n  setTab('quiz'); setFilter('session');\r\n  S.ans = {};                                   \/\/ a new sitting starts clean\r\n  toast(P.queueLabel+' ready \u2014 '+n+' fresh questions'+(had?' (previous set replaced)':''), true);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   11. POOL \/ FILTERS\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction pool(){\r\n  let p = QS.slice();\r\n  if(S.filter==='pyq')     p = p.filter(q=>q.bank==='pyq');\r\n  if(S.filter==='concept') p = p.filter(q=>q.bank==='concept');\r\n  if(S.filter==='chapter' && S.chapter){\r\n    p = inCh(S.chapter).slice();\r\n    if(S.bank!=='all') p = p.filter(q=>q.bank===S.bank);\r\n  }\r\n  if(S.filter==='weak')    p = p.filter(q=>weak.has(uid(q)));\r\n  if(S.filter==='flagged') p = p.filter(q=>flags.has(uid(q)));\r\n  if(S.filter==='session') p = (P.queue||[]).map(u=>BY_UID.get(u)).filter(Boolean);\r\n  if(S.query){ const t=S.query.toLowerCase();\r\n    p = p.filter(q=>(q.question+' '+q.options.join(' ')+' '+q.explanation).toLowerCase().includes(t)); }\r\n  if(S.unattempted) p = p.filter(q=>S.ans[uid(q)]==null);\r\n  return p;\r\n}\r\nfunction refreshWeak(){\r\n  weak.clear();\r\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)];\r\n    if(s && s.incorrect>=CFG.weakThreshold && s.correct<CFG.masteryThreshold) weak.add(uid(q)); });\r\n  P.weak=[...weak];\r\n}\r\nrefreshWeak();\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   12. STEM RENDERING (statements + List-I \/ List-II)\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst cleanStem = t => String(t).replace(\/^\\s*(?:Q|Question)\\s*\\.?\\s*\\d+\\s*[.):\\-]\\s*\/i,'').trim();\r\nconst QN = '<span class=\"qno\">Q.<\/span>';   \/\/ the marker printed before every stem\r\nfunction buildStem(raw){\r\n  const lines = raw.split(\/<br\\s*\\\/?>|\\n\/).map(s=>s.trim()).filter(Boolean);\r\n  const plain = s => s.replace(\/<\\\/?b>\/g,'').trim();\r\n  const isMatch = lines.some(l=>\/^List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*I\\b\/i.test(plain(l)));\r\n  const numbered = lines.filter(l=>\/^\\d+[.)]\\s\/.test(plain(l)));\r\n  if(isMatch) return matchCard(lines, plain);\r\n  if(numbered.length>=2) return stmtCard(lines, plain);\r\n  return plainCard(lines);\r\n}\r\n\/* a single-statement question gets the same sheet as the other two, so\r\n   every question on the page reads the same way *\/\r\nfunction plainCard(lines){\r\n  return '<div class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><div class=\"qsheet\">'\r\n    + lines.map((l,i)=>'<p class=\"'+(i===0?'lead':'close')+'\">'+(i===0?QN:'')+l+'<\/p>').join('')\r\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\r\n}\r\nfunction stmtCard(lines, plain){\r\n  const isN = l => \/^\\d+[.)]\\s\/.test(plain(l));\r\n  const first = lines.findIndex(isN);\r\n  let last=-1; lines.forEach((l,i)=>{ if(isN(l)) last=i; });\r\n  const head = lines.slice(0,first), tail = lines.slice(last+1);\r\n  const items = lines.slice(first,last+1).filter(isN).map(l=>plain(l).replace(\/^\\d+[.)]\\s*\/,''));\r\n  return '<div class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><div class=\"qsheet\">'\r\n    + head.map((l,i)=>'<p class=\"'+(i===0?'lead':'intro')+'\">'+(i===0?QN:'')+l+'<\/p>').join('')\r\n    + '<ol class=\"stmts\">'+items.map(t=>'<li><span>'+t+'<\/span><\/li>').join('')+'<\/ol>'\r\n    + tail.map(l=>'<p class=\"close\">'+l+'<\/p>').join('')\r\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\r\n}\r\n\/* Match-the-following comes in every shape: one item per line, or the\r\n   whole list run together on a single line separated by semicolons or\r\n   commas, or nothing at all between items. All three are split here so\r\n   the two columns always come out as proper rows. *\/\r\nfunction splitItems(body, kind){\r\n  const lab = kind==='alpha' ? '[A-Fa-f]' : '\\\\d{1,2}';\r\n  const mk  = re => new RegExp(re.replace('LAB', lab), 'g');\r\n  let parts = body.split(mk('\\\\s*[;\\\\n]\\\\s*(?=LAB\\\\s*[.):]\\\\s)'));\r\n  if(parts.length < 2) parts = body.split(mk('\\\\s*,\\\\s*(?=LAB\\\\s*[.):]\\\\s)'));\r\n  if(parts.length < 2) parts = body.split(mk('(?<=\\\\S)\\\\s+(?=LAB\\\\s*[.)]\\\\s)'));\r\n  const re = new RegExp('^\\\\s*('+lab+')\\\\s*[.):]\\\\s*(.+?)\\\\s*[;,.]?\\\\s*$');\r\n  return parts.map(p=>{ const m=String(p).match(re);\r\n    return m ? {k:m[1].toUpperCase(), v:m[2]} : null; }).filter(Boolean);\r\n}\r\nfunction matchCard(lines, plain){\r\n  \/\/ keep line breaks, normalise only runs of spaces\r\n  const text = lines.map(plain).join('\\n').replace(\/[ \\t]+\/g,' ').trim();\r\n\r\n  \/* The opening line almost always names both lists \u2014 \"Match List-I with\r\n     List-II and select\u2026\" \u2014 so the first occurrence of each is the wrong\r\n     one. Take the last List-I that actually has items after it, and the\r\n     first List-II following that. *\/\r\n  const at = re => [...text.matchAll(re)].map(m=>m.index);\r\n  const posI  = at(\/List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*I\\b\/gi);\r\n  const posII = at(\/List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*II\\b\/gi);\r\n  const hasItems = (str,kind) =>\r\n    (kind==='alpha' ? \/[A-F]\\s*[.):]\\s\/ : \/\\d{1,2}\\s*[.):]\\s\/).test(str);\r\n  let iI=-1, iII=-1;\r\n  for(let k=posI.length-1;k>=0 && iI<0;k--){\r\n    const ii = posII.find(x=>x>posI[k]);\r\n    if(ii===undefined) continue;\r\n    if(hasItems(text.slice(posI[k],ii),'alpha') && hasItems(text.slice(ii),'num')){ iI=posI[k]; iII=ii; }\r\n  }\r\n  if(iI<0 || iII<0) return plainCard(lines);\r\n\r\n  const head  = text.slice(0, iI).trim();\r\n  let segI    = text.slice(iI, iII).trim();\r\n  let segII   = text.slice(iII).trim();\r\n\r\n  \/\/ anything after the lists \u2014 \"Code :\", \"Select the correct answer\u2026\"\r\n  let tail = '';\r\n  const t = segII.match(\/(?:\\n|\\s)(Code\\s*[:.]?\\s*$|(?:Select|Choose)\\b[\\s\\S]*$)\/i);\r\n  if(t){ tail = t[1].trim(); segII = segII.slice(0, t.index).trim(); }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ column captions: \"List-I (Purpose of Leave) :\"\r\n  const capRe = \/^List\\s*[-\u2013\u2014]?\\s*I{1,2}\\b\\s*(\\([^)]*\\))?\\s*[:.]?\\s*\/i;\r\n  const hI  = segI.match(capRe),  hII = segII.match(capRe);\r\n  const capI  = hI  ? hI[0].replace(\/[\\s:.]+$\/,'')  : 'List-I';\r\n  const capII = hII ? hII[0].replace(\/[\\s:.]+$\/,'') : 'List-II';\r\n  const rowsI  = splitItems(hI  ? segI.slice(hI[0].length)  : segI,  'alpha');\r\n  const rowsII = splitItems(hII ? segII.slice(hII[0].length): segII, 'num');\r\n  if(!rowsI.length || !rowsII.length) return plainCard(lines);\r\n\r\n  const cell = x => '<li><b>'+x.k+'.<\/b><span>'+x.v+'<\/span><\/li>';\r\n  const headLines = head ? head.split('\\n').filter(Boolean) : [];\r\n  return '<div class=\"stem\" id=\"qStem\"><div class=\"qsheet\">'\r\n    + (headLines.length\r\n        ? headLines.map((l,i)=>'<p class=\"'+(i===0?'lead':'intro')+'\">'+(i===0?QN:'')+l+'<\/p>').join('')\r\n        : '<p class=\"lead\">'+QN+'Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:<\/p>')\r\n    + '<div class=\"lists\">'\r\n      + '<div class=\"lcol\"><h5>'+capI+'<\/h5><ul>'+rowsI.map(cell).join('')+'<\/ul><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"lcol\"><h5>'+capII+'<\/h5><ul>'+rowsII.map(cell).join('')+'<\/ul><\/div>'\r\n    + '<\/div>'\r\n    + '<p class=\"close\">'+(tail || 'Select the correct answer using the code given below:')+'<\/p>'\r\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   13. UI HELPERS\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst $ = id => document.getElementById(id);\r\nlet toastTimer=null;\r\nfunction toast(msg, ok){\r\n  const t=$('toast'); t.innerHTML=msg; t.className='toast show'+(ok?' ok':'');\r\n  clearTimeout(toastTimer); toastTimer=setTimeout(()=>t.className='toast',3000);\r\n}\r\nconst SRC_ON = !!(CFG.sourceUrl && CFG.sourceUrl.trim());\r\nconst stripHtml = s => String(s).replace(\/<[^>]+>\/g,'').replace(\/\\s+\/g,' ').trim();\r\nconst preview = (q,n) => { const t=stripHtml(q.question); return t.length>n ? t.slice(0,n)+'\u2026' : t; };\r\nfunction stars(u){\r\n  const s=P.stats[u]; if(!s || (s.correct+s.incorrect)===0) return null;\r\n  return { filled: Math.min(s.correct, CFG.masteryThreshold), c:s.correct, i:s.incorrect };\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   14. RENDER \u2014 PRACTICE\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction renderCtx(){\r\n  const panel=$('chapPanel');\r\n  const on = S.filter==='chapter';\r\n  panel.classList.toggle('hide', !on);\r\n  if(!on) return;\r\n  document.querySelectorAll('#cdRoot .bankseg button').forEach(b=>\r\n    b.setAttribute('aria-pressed', b.dataset.bank===S.bank));\r\n  const rows = chapterRows().filter(r=>r.count>0).sort(byChapterOrder);\r\n  if(!S.chapter || !rows.some(r=>r.chapter===S.chapter)) S.chapter = rows[0] ? rows[0].chapter : null;\r\n  $('chapList').innerHTML = rows.map((r,n)=>{\r\n    const sel = r.chapter===S.chapter;\r\n    const mastered = inCh(r.chapter).filter(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)]; return s && s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold; }).length;\r\n    const title = r.chapter+(WT?' \u2014 '+pctLabel(r.weight)+' of the exam':'')\r\n                + ' \u00b7 '+r.pyq.count+' PYQs, '+r.con.count+' concept MCQs \u00b7 '\r\n                + Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'% seen'+(mastered?' \u00b7 '+mastered+' mastered':'');\r\n    return '<button class=\"chapchip\" aria-pressed=\"'+sel+'\" data-ch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.chapter)+'\" title=\"'+title+'\">'\r\n      + '<span class=\"no\">'+(n+1)+'<\/span>'\r\n      + '<span class=\"cn\">'+titleCase(r.chapter)+'<\/span>'\r\n      + (WT ? '<span class=\"cw\">'+pctLabel(r.weight)+' of exam<\/span>' : '')\r\n      + (mastered===r.count ? '<span class=\"done\">\u2713<\/span>' : '')\r\n      + '<span class=\"cc pyq\" title=\"previous year questions\">'+r.pyq.count+'<\/span>'\r\n      + '<span class=\"cc con\" title=\"concept MCQs\">'+r.con.count+'<\/span><\/button>';\r\n  }).join('');\r\n  const r = rows.find(x=>x.chapter===S.chapter);\r\n  $('ctxMeta').textContent = r\r\n    ? Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'% seen \u00b7 '+(r.acc===null?'not attempted':Math.round(r.acc*100)+'% accurate')\r\n    : '';\r\n}\r\nfunction render(){\r\n  renderCtx();\r\n  const p = pool();\r\n  const ec = $('emptyCard');\r\n  if(!p.length){\r\n    $('qCard').classList.add('hide'); ec.classList.remove('hide');\r\n    $('emptyBody').innerHTML =\r\n      S.query    ? '<b>No match for \u201c'+S.query+'\u201d<\/b>Try a rule or paragraph number, or a phrase like \u201cpart file\u201d.' :\r\n      S.filter==='weak'    ? '<b>No weak areas yet<\/b>Anything you answer wrong lands here until you have it right '+CFG.masteryThreshold+' times.' :\r\n      S.filter==='flagged' ? '<b>Nothing flagged yet<\/b>Press <b style=\"display:inline\">Flag for review<\/b> under any question and it collects here.' :\r\n      S.filter==='session' ? '<b>No session built yet<\/b>Open My Performance and build a Focused set or a Mock paper.' :\r\n      S.unattempted        ? '<b>You have attempted everything here<\/b>Turn off \u201cUnattempted only\u201d to revise what you have done.' :\r\n                             '<b>No questions in this selection<\/b>Clear the search or pick another chapter.';\r\n    renderNav(p); rail(p); return;\r\n  }\r\n  ec.classList.add('hide'); $('qCard').classList.remove('hide');\r\n  if(S.i>=p.length) S.i=0; if(S.i<0) S.i=p.length-1;\r\n\r\n  const q=p[S.i], u=uid(q), given=S.ans[u];\r\n  $('qCount').textContent = 'Question '+(S.i+1)+' of '+p.length;\r\n  $('qChap').textContent  = chBrief(q.chapter);\r\n  const src=$('qSrc');\r\n  src.className = 'badge-src '+(q.bank==='pyq'?'pyq':'con');\r\n  src.textContent = q.bank==='pyq' ? ('PYQ'+(q.year?' '+q.year:'')) : 'Concept';\r\n  const tags=[];\r\n  if(weak.has(u))  tags.push('<span class=\"qtag weak\">\u26a0\ufe0f Weak<\/span>');\r\n  if(flags.has(u)) tags.push('<span class=\"qtag flag\">\ud83d\udd16 Flagged<\/span>');\r\n  const sMast=P.stats[u];\r\n  if(sMast && sMast.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold) tags.push('<span class=\"qtag done\">\u2713 Mastered<\/span>');\r\n  $('qTags').innerHTML = tags.join('');\r\n  const st = stars(u), badge=$('qMastery');\r\n  if(!st){ badge.textContent='Not seen yet'; badge.className='badge-m'; }\r\n  else {\r\n    const done = st.c>=CFG.masteryThreshold;\r\n    badge.textContent = '\u2605'.repeat(st.filled)+'\u2606'.repeat(Math.max(0,CFG.masteryThreshold-st.filled))+'  '+st.c+'\u2713 '+st.i+'\u2717';\r\n    badge.className = 'badge-m'+(weak.has(u)&&!done?' weak':'');\r\n  }\r\n  $('qStem').outerHTML = buildStem(cleanStem(q.question));\r\n\r\n  const box=$('qOpts'); box.innerHTML='';\r\n  q.options.forEach((o,k)=>{\r\n    const b=document.createElement('button');\r\n    b.className='opt';\r\n    b.innerHTML='<span class=\"key\">('+L[k].toLowerCase()+')<\/span><span class=\"txt\">'+o+'<\/span>';\r\n    if(given!=null){\r\n      b.disabled=true;\r\n      if(k===q.correct){ b.classList.add('right'); b.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend','<span class=\"mark r\">Correct<\/span>'); }\r\n      else if(k===given){ b.classList.add('wrong'); b.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend','<span class=\"mark w\">Your answer<\/span>'); }\r\n    } else if(S.pick===k) b.classList.add('sel');\r\n    b.onclick=()=>{ if(given!=null) return; S.pick=k; S.nudge=false; render(); };\r\n    box.appendChild(b);\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  const bc=$('btnCheck');\r\n  bc.disabled = given!=null;\r\n  bc.textContent = given!=null ? 'Answered \u2713' : 'Check answer';\r\n  $('pickHint').classList.toggle('hide', !(given==null && S.pick==null && S.nudge));\r\n  const on = flags.has(u);\r\n  $('btnFlag').setAttribute('aria-pressed', on);\r\n  $('flagIco').textContent = on ? '\ud83d\udd16' : '\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f';\r\n  $('flagTxt').textContent = on ? 'Flagged' : 'Flag for review';\r\n\r\n  const res=$('result');\r\n  res.classList.toggle('hide', given==null);\r\n  if(given!=null){\r\n    const ok = given===q.correct, v=$('verdict');\r\n    v.className='verdict '+(ok?'r':'w');\r\n    v.innerHTML = ok ? '\u2713 Correct \u2014 '+L[q.correct]+' is right'\r\n                     : '\u2715 Not quite \u2014 the answer is '+L[q.correct];\r\n    $('explBody').innerHTML = q.explanation;\r\n  }\r\n  renderNav(p); rail(p);\r\n}\r\nlet navOpen=true;\r\nfunction renderNav(p){\r\n  const card=$('navCard');\r\n  if(!p.length){ card.classList.add('hide'); return; }\r\n  card.classList.remove('hide');\r\n  const done=p.filter(q=>S.ans[uid(q)]!=null).length;\r\n  $('navTitle').textContent = 'Navigator \u2014 '+done+' of '+p.length+' attempted';\r\n  const g=$('navGrid');\r\n  g.classList.toggle('hide', !navOpen);\r\n  $('navToggle').textContent = navOpen ? 'Hide' : 'Show';\r\n  if(!navOpen) return;\r\n  g.innerHTML='';\r\n  p.forEach((q,k)=>{\r\n    const u=uid(q), a=S.ans[u], s=P.stats[u];\r\n    const b=document.createElement('button');\r\n    b.className='nq'+(k===S.i?' cur':(a!=null?(a===q.correct?' r':' w'):''))\r\n              + (s && s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold ? ' mastered':'');\r\n    b.innerHTML=(k+1)+(flags.has(u)?'<span class=\"fl\">\ud83d\udd16<\/span>':'');\r\n    b.title = 'Q'+(k+1)+' \u00b7 '+chBrief(q.chapter)+(a!=null?(a===q.correct?' \u00b7 correct':' \u00b7 wrong'):'');\r\n    b.setAttribute('aria-label','Go to question '+(k+1));\r\n    b.onclick=()=>{ S.i=k; S.pick=null; render(); };\r\n    g.appendChild(b);\r\n  });\r\n}\r\nfunction rail(p){\r\n  const seen=Object.keys(S.ans).length;\r\n  const right=Object.entries(S.ans).filter(([u,a])=>BY_UID.get(u) && BY_UID.get(u).correct===a).length;\r\n  $('sPct').textContent = seen ? Math.round(right\/seen*100)+'%' : '\u2014';\r\n  $('sFrac').textContent = right+' of '+seen+' correct';\r\n  $('sBar').style.width = (seen?right\/seen*100:0)+'%';\r\n  $('sSeen').textContent = seen+' attempted';\r\n  $('sLeft').textContent = Math.max(0,p.length-S.i-1)+' left here';\r\n  const st=$('streak'); st.innerHTML='';\r\n  Object.entries(S.ans).slice(-10).forEach(([u,a])=>{\r\n    const q=BY_UID.get(u); if(!q) return;\r\n    const el=document.createElement('i'); el.className = q.correct===a?'r':'w'; st.appendChild(el);\r\n  });\r\n  const chs=[...new Set(p.map(q=>q.chapter))];\r\n  const w=chs.reduce((s,c)=>s+weightOf(c),0)*100;\r\n  $('wPct').textContent = w.toFixed(1)+'%';\r\n  $('wNote').textContent = p.length+' questions on screen, from '+chs.length+' '+(chs.length===1?'chapter':'chapters')+'. '\r\n    + (w>=35 ? 'That is a big slice in one sitting \u2014 worth clearing properly.' : 'Useful for topping up once the bigger chapters are secure.');\r\n  hdr();\r\n}\r\nfunction hdr(){\r\n  $('hQ').textContent = QS.length;\r\n  $('hCh').textContent = CHAPTERS.length;\r\n  $('hMastered').textContent = (QS.length ? Math.round(masteredCount()\/QS.length*100) : 0)+'%';\r\n  const r=readiness();\r\n  $('hReady').textContent = r.touched ? r.score+'%' : '\u2014';\r\n  $('fAll').textContent  = QS.length;\r\n  $('fPyq').textContent  = PYQ.length;\r\n  $('fCon').textContent  = CON.length;\r\n  $('fWeak').textContent = weak.size;\r\n  $('fFlag').textContent = flags.size;\r\n  $('fSess').textContent = (P.queue||[]).length;\r\n  $('pillSession').classList.toggle('hide', !(P.queue||[]).length);\r\n  $('sessLabel').textContent = P.queueLabel || 'My session';\r\n  $('perfPill').classList.toggle('hide', weak.size<5);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   15. RENDER \u2014 PERFORMANCE\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction renderPerf(){\r\n  const body=$('perfBody');\r\n  const seen=Object.values(P.stats).filter(s=>(s.correct+s.incorrect)>0).length;\r\n  $('perfCount').textContent = seen+' questions attempted';\r\n\r\n  if(!QS.length){ body.innerHTML='<div class=\"empty\"><b>No questions loaded<\/b>Paste your bank into <code>chapterQuestions<\/code> and reload.<\/div>'; return; }\r\n  const R = readiness();\r\n  if(!R.touched){\r\n    body.innerHTML = '<div class=\"empty\"><b>Your coach is waiting for data<\/b>Answer a few questions in Practice. '\r\n      + 'The coach then scores your readiness against the weightage of each chapter, works out where marks are leaking, and builds the next sitting for you.<\/div>'\r\n      + plannerHTML(true);\r\n    bindPerf(); return;\r\n  }\r\n  const rows=R.rows, byPriority=[...rows].sort((a,b)=>b.priority-a.priority);\r\n  const allC=Object.values(P.stats).reduce((a,s)=>a+s.correct,0);\r\n  const allI=Object.values(P.stats).reduce((a,s)=>a+s.incorrect,0);\r\n  const accAll = (allC+allI) ? Math.round(allC\/(allC+allI)*100) : 0;\r\n  const recent = P.log.slice(-20);\r\n  const accRec = recent.length ? Math.round(recent.filter(x=>x.ok).length\/recent.length*100) : 0;\r\n  const trend = recent.length>=5 ? (accRec>accAll?' \u2197':(accRec<accAll?' \u2198':'')) : '';\r\n  const ret = retentionIndex();\r\n  const due = dueForRevision();\r\n  const band=(v,hi,mid)=> v>=hi?'var(--ok)': v>=mid?'#8A6206':'var(--bad)';\r\n\r\n  const verdict = R.score>=80 ? '<b>In good shape.<\/b> Hold it there with the revision queue and weak-area drills.'\r\n    : R.score>=60 ? '<b>Strong base.<\/b> Close the gaps in the biggest chapters below to cross 80.'\r\n    : R.score>=35 ? '<b>Building up.<\/b> Work the plan top-down \u2014 it is ordered by what will move this number fastest.'\r\n    : '<b>Early stage.<\/b> Start at the top of the plan; the biggest chapters move this number fastest.';\r\n\r\n  body.innerHTML =\r\n  '<div class=\"hero2\">'\r\n  + '<div class=\"ring-card\"><div class=\"ring\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Readiness '+R.score+' out of 100\">'\r\n    + '<svg width=\"150\" height=\"150\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle class=\"bg\" cx=\"75\" cy=\"75\" r=\"64\"><\/circle>'\r\n    + '<circle class=\"fg\" cx=\"75\" cy=\"75\" r=\"64\" stroke-dasharray=\"402\" stroke-dashoffset=\"'+(402-402*R.score\/100)+'\"><\/circle><\/svg>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"ring-txt\"><b>'+R.score+'<\/b><span>Readiness \/ 100<\/span><\/div><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"verdict2\">'+verdict+'<br><span style=\"font-size:11.6px;opacity:.85\">'+T.readyDef+' across '+CHAPTERS.length\r\n    + ' chapters. On today\\u2019s form '+T.paperOut+' <b>'+R.projected+'%<\/b>.<\/span><\/div><\/div>'\r\n  + '<div class=\"coach\"><h4>\ud83e\udded What to do next<\/h4><div id=\"recoList\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n  + '<\/div>'\r\n\r\n  + plannerHTML(false)\r\n\r\n  + '<div class=\"kpis\">'\r\n    + kpi(R.projected+'%',T.projected, band(R.projected,65,45))\r\n    + kpi(R.covered+'%',T.covered, band(R.covered,70,40))\r\n    + kpi(ret===null?'\u2014':ret+'%','Retention now', ret===null?'var(--slate)':band(ret,75,55))\r\n    + kpi(accAll+'%','Lifetime accuracy', band(accAll,70,45))\r\n    + kpi(accRec+'%'+trend,'Last 20 attempts', band(accRec,70,45))\r\n    + kpi(masteredCount(),'Mastered ('+CFG.masteryThreshold+'\u2713)','var(--ok)')\r\n    + kpi(weak.size,'Weak questions','var(--bad)')\r\n    + kpi(flags.size,'Flagged','#8A6206')\r\n  + '<\/div>'\r\n\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">02<\/span>Chapter performance vs '+(WT?'exam weight':'bank share')+'<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p>Both banks scored separately, so you can see a chapter that is fine on practice questions and weak on the real paper.<\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">priority = high weight \\u00d7 low accuracy<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"tblwrap\" style=\"border:0;border-radius:0\"><table class=\"perf-t nested\"><thead>'\r\n    + '<tr><th rowspan=\"2\" class=\"lft\">Chapter<\/th><th rowspan=\"2\">'+T.colWeight+'<\/th>'\r\n    + '<th colspan=\"2\" class=\"grp pyq\">PYQs<\/th>'\r\n    + '<th colspan=\"2\" class=\"grp con\">Concept MCQs<\/th>'\r\n    + '<th rowspan=\"2\">Status<\/th><th rowspan=\"2\">Practice<\/th><\/tr>'\r\n    + '<tr><th class=\"sub2\">Covered<\/th><th class=\"sub2\">Accuracy<\/th>'\r\n    + '<th class=\"sub2\">Covered<\/th><th class=\"sub2\">Accuracy<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>'\r\n    + byPriority.map(r=>{\r\n        const a = r.acc===null?null:Math.round(r.acc*100);\r\n        const tag = r.count===0 ? '<span class=\"tag na\">No questions<\/span>'\r\n          : r.acc===null ? '<span class=\"tag na\">Not started<\/span>'\r\n          : a<45 ? '<span class=\"tag hot\">Critical<\/span>'\r\n          : a<65 ? '<span class=\"tag warm\">Needs work<\/span>'\r\n          : a<85 ? '<span class=\"tag ok\">On track<\/span>'\r\n                 : '<span class=\"tag good\">Strong<\/span>';\r\n        const cov = b => b.count ? b.att+'\/'+b.count : '<span class=\"nil\">\\u2014<\/span>';\r\n        const accCell = b => {\r\n          if(b.acc===null) return '<span class=\"nil\">\\u2014<\/span>';\r\n          const v=Math.round(b.acc*100);\r\n          const col = v<45?'var(--bad)':v<65?'var(--gold)':'var(--ok)';\r\n          return '<div class=\"minibar\"><i style=\"width:'+Math.max(v,4)+'%;background:'+col+'\"><\/i><\/div>'\r\n               + '<span class=\"miniv\" style=\"color:'+col+'\">'+v+'%<\/span>';\r\n        };\r\n        const wcell = '<b class=\"wt\">'+pctLabel(r.weight)+'<\/b>'\r\n          + (WT ? '<span class=\"wsub\">('+r.pyq.count+' PYQ'+(r.pyq.count===1?'':'s')+')<\/span>' : '');\r\n        return '<tr><td class=\"lft\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/td>'\r\n          + '<td>'+wcell+'<\/td>'\r\n          + '<td>'+cov(r.pyq)+'<\/td><td>'+accCell(r.pyq)+'<\/td>'\r\n          + '<td>'+cov(r.con)+'<\/td><td>'+accCell(r.con)+'<\/td>'\r\n          + '<td>'+tag+'<\/td>'\r\n          + '<td class=\"prac\">'\r\n            + (r.pyq.count?'<button class=\"mini-go pyq\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.chapter)+'\" data-bank=\"pyq\">PYQ<\/button>':'')\r\n            + (r.con.count?'<button class=\"mini-go\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.chapter)+'\" data-bank=\"concept\">Drill<\/button>':'')\r\n          + '<\/td><\/tr>';\r\n      }).join('')\r\n    + '<\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">03<\/span>'+T.leakHead+'<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p id=\"leakNote\"><\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">'+rows.filter(r=>r.count>0).length+' chapters<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"leakBars\"><\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">04<\/span>How you handle each kind of question<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p id=\"fmtNote\"><\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">format beats topic when the gap is wide<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"subhead\"><h5>How the question is built<\/h5><span>one shape per question<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"shapeBars\"><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"subhead\"><h5>What the question turns on<\/h5><span>a question can sit in more than one \u2014 a time limit asked as a multi-statement code counts on both<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"traitBars\"><\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  + '<div class=\"split\">'\r\n    + '<div class=\"panel\"><h4 class=\"ph\"><span class=\"secno\">05<\/span> Revision queue \u2014 what is fading fastest<\/h4><div id=\"revQ\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"panel\"><h4 class=\"ph\"><span class=\"secno\">06<\/span> Mastery distribution<\/h4><div id=\"mastDist\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n  + '<\/div>'\r\n\r\n  + '<div class=\"danger\"><p><b>Danger zone.<\/b> This permanently erases your lifetime performance for this subject \u2014 mastery, weak areas, flags, accuracy history and the readiness score. Reset session on the Practice tab does <b>not<\/b> touch this.<\/p>'\r\n    + '<button class=\"dbtn\" id=\"btnWipe\">\ud83d\uddd1\ufe0f Reset my performance<\/button><\/div>';\r\n\r\n  renderRecos(byPriority, rows, due);\r\n  renderLeaks(rows);\r\n  renderFormats();\r\n  renderRevision(due);\r\n  renderMastery();\r\n  bindPerf();\r\n}\r\nfunction kpi(v,l,color){ return '<div class=\"kpi\"><b style=\"color:'+color+'\">'+v+'<\/b><span>'+l+'<\/span><\/div>'; }\r\nfunction plannerHTML(empty){\r\n  const rows=chapterRows().filter(r=>r.count>0).sort((a,b)=>b.leak-a.leak).slice(0,2).map(r=>chShort(r.chapter));\r\n  return '<div class=\"planner\"><div><h4><span class=\"secno\">01<\/span>Plan the next sitting<\/h4><p id=\"plannerNote\">'\r\n    + (empty\r\n        ? 'The focused set gives each chapter time in proportion to what you are losing in it. The mock paper ignores your history and mirrors the shape of the whole bank. Neither is fixed \\u2014 build again and you get a fresh set of questions.'\r\n        : 'The focused set gives each chapter time in proportion to what is leaking out of it \\u2014 right now mostly <b>'+rows.join('<\/b> and <b>')+'<\/b>. The mock paper mirrors the exam weight across both banks, and the PYQ paper drills nothing but real papers. None of them is fixed: press again for a fresh set, and last time\\u2019s questions are pushed to the back of the queue.')\r\n    + '<\/p><\/div><div class=\"pbtns\">'\r\n    + '<button class=\"pbtn primary\" id=\"btnFocus\">\ud83e\udde9 Focused set \u2014 '+Math.min(CFG.sessionSize,QS.length)+' Q<\/button>'\r\n    + '<button class=\"pbtn\" id=\"btnMock\">\ud83d\udcc4 Mock paper \u2014 '+Math.min(CFG.mockSize,QS.length)+' Q<\/button>'\r\n    + (PYQ.length ? '<button class=\"pbtn navy\" id=\"btnPyq\">\ud83d\udcdc PYQ paper \u2014 '+Math.min(CFG.pyqSize,PYQ.length)+' Q<\/button>' : '')\r\n    + '<\/div><\/div>';\r\n}\r\nfunction renderRecos(byPriority, rows, due){\r\n  const out=[], named=new Set();\r\n  byPriority.slice(0,3).forEach(r=>{\r\n    if(!r.count) return;\r\n    named.add(r.chapter);\r\n    const imp = WT ? '<b>'+pctLabel(r.weight)+'<\/b> of the exam ('+r.pyq.count+' PYQ'+(r.pyq.count===1?'':'s')+')' : '';\r\n    if(r.acc===null)\r\n      out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83e\udded',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(imp?' is '+imp+' and':'')+' you have not touched it yet \u2014 start here.',ch:r.chapter});\r\n    else if(r.acc<0.6)\r\n      out.push({ic:'hot',icon:'\ud83d\udd25',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(imp?', '+imp+',':'')+' is running at only <b>'+Math.round(r.acc*100)+'%<\/b> \u2014 about <b>'+(r.leak*100).toFixed(1)+' '+T.leakWord+' per 100<\/b> are going here.',ch:r.chapter});\r\n    else if(r.coverage<0.6)\r\n      out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\ud83d\udd0d',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>: accuracy is fine at '+Math.round(r.acc*100)+'%, but you have seen only <b>'+Math.round(r.coverage*100)+'%<\/b> of a chapter'+(imp?' '+imp:'')+' \u2014 finish the set.',ch:r.chapter});\r\n    else\r\n      out.push({ic:'good',icon:'\u2705',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(imp?' ('+stripHtml(imp)+')':'')+' is in good shape at '+Math.round(r.acc*100)+'% \u2014 keep it warm through the revision queue.',ch:r.chapter});\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/\/ a format gap costs you in every chapter at once\r\n  const f = formatRows().filter(r=>r.acc!==null && r.attempts>=8).sort((a,b)=>a.acc-b.acc);\r\n  if(f.length>=2){\r\n    const worst=f[0], best=f[f.length-1];\r\n    if(best.acc-worst.acc >= 0.12){\r\n      const tail = worst.kind==='shape'\r\n        ? 'That is a reading habit, not a gap in the rules \u2014 and it costs you in every chapter at once.'\r\n        : 'That is recall, not comprehension \u2014 these have to be committed to memory, and they turn up everywhere.';\r\n      out.push({ic:'hot',icon:'\ud83e\udde9',txt:'<b>'+worst.label+'<\/b> questions are running at <b>'+Math.round(worst.acc*100)+'%<\/b> while you sit at '+Math.round(best.acc*100)+'% on '+best.label.toLowerCase()+'. '+tail});\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \/\/ big chapter you have exhausted\r\n  const done = rows.filter(r=>!named.has(r.chapter) && r.weight>=0.08 && r.coverage>=0.9 && r.count>0).sort((a,b)=>b.weight-a.weight)[0];\r\n  if(done) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83d\udcd8',txt:'You have worked nearly every question in <b>'+chBrief(done.chapter)+'<\/b>'+(WT?', '+pctLabel(done.weight)+' of the exam':'')+'. Practice has given what it can \u2014 go back to the source text for the rest.',ch:done.chapter});\r\n\r\n  \/\/ a chapter drilled hard that the paper has never actually asked from\r\n  if(WT && W.untested.length){\r\n    const worked = W.untested.map(c=>rows.find(r=>r.chapter===c)).filter(r=>r&&r.coverage>0.5)\r\n                    .sort((a,b)=>b.con.count-a.con.count)[0];\r\n    if(worked) out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\u2696\ufe0f',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(worked.chapter)+'<\/b> has <b>no previous year questions<\/b> at all, and you are already '+Math.round(worked.coverage*100)+'% through its concept MCQs. Worth knowing before you spend another evening on it.',ch:worked.chapter});\r\n  }\r\n  \/\/ heavy on the paper, thin on practice material\r\n  const thin = rows.filter(r=>r.weight>=0.10 && r.con.count>0 && r.con.count < r.pyq.count)\r\n                   .sort((a,b)=>b.weight-a.weight)[0];\r\n  if(WT && thin) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83d\udcda',txt:'<b>'+chBrief(thin.chapter)+'<\/b> is <b>'+pctLabel(thin.weight)+'<\/b> of the exam but has only '+thin.con.count+' concept MCQ'+(thin.con.count===1?'':'s')+' against '+thin.pyq.count+' PYQs. The bank is thin exactly where the paper is heavy.',ch:thin.chapter});\r\n  if(weak.size>=3) out.push({ic:'hot',icon:'\u26a0\ufe0f',txt:'You have <b>'+weak.size+' weak questions<\/b> flagged, biggest chapter first. One Weak-areas sitting clears the backlog.',weak:true});\r\n  if(due.length) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\ud83d\udd01',txt:'<b>'+due.length+' questions<\/b> you had mastered have decayed below <b>'+Math.round(CFG.retention.riskBelow*100)+'% recall<\/b>. Re-answering one costs seconds; re-learning it later costs an evening.'});\r\n  if(flags.size) out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\ud83d\udd16',txt:'<b>'+flags.size+'<\/b> question'+(flags.size>1?'s are':' is')+' flagged for review. Clear the flags before the next mock.',flag:true});\r\n\r\n  $('recoList').innerHTML = out.map(r=>{\r\n    let btn='';\r\n    if(r.ch)        btn='<button class=\"go\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.ch)+'\">Practice \u2192<\/button>';\r\n    else if(r.weak) btn='<button class=\"go\" data-goweak=\"1\">Start \u2192<\/button>';\r\n    else if(r.flag) btn='<button class=\"go\" data-goflag=\"1\">Open \u2192<\/button>';\r\n    return '<div class=\"reco\"><span class=\"ic '+r.ic+'\">'+r.icon+'<\/span><p>'+r.txt+'<\/p>'+btn+'<\/div>';\r\n  }).join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction renderLeaks(rows){\r\n  const list = rows.filter(r=>r.count>0).sort((a,b)=>b.leak-a.leak);\r\n  if(!list.length) return;\r\n  const max = Math.max(0.0001, ...list.map(r=>r.leak));\r\n  const total = list.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.leak,0)*100;\r\n  const top3 = list.slice(0,3);\r\n  $('leakNote').innerHTML = 'On today\\u2019s form you would expect to drop about <b>'+Math.round(total)+' '+T.leakWord+' in every 100<\/b>. <b>'\r\n    + top3.map(r=>chShort(r.chapter)).join(', ')+'<\/b> alone account for <b>'+Math.round(top3.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.leak,0)*100)\r\n    + '<\/b> of them \u2014 the shortest route to a better score.';\r\n  $('leakBars').innerHTML = list.map(r=>{\r\n    const m=r.leak*100;\r\n    const col = m>=8?'linear-gradient(90deg,#F08A92,var(--bad))' : m>=4?'linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold))' : 'linear-gradient(90deg,#9DB6EE,var(--blue-700))';\r\n    return '<div class=\"lrow\"><div><span class=\"lname\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/span>'\r\n      + '<span class=\"lsub\">'+(WT?pctLabel(r.weight)+' of the exam \u00b7 ':'')+'you would clear about '+Math.round(r.expected*100)+'% today<\/span><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"ltrack\"><div class=\"lfill\" style=\"width:'+(r.leak\/max*100)+'%;background:'+col+'\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"lval\">'+m.toFixed(1)+'<small>'+T.leakUnit+'<\/small><\/div><\/div>';\r\n  }).join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction renderFormats(){\r\n  const rows=formatRows();\r\n  const bar = r => {\r\n    const p = r.acc===null?null:Math.round(r.acc*100);\r\n    const col = p===null?'#CBD5E1' : p<50?'linear-gradient(90deg,#F08A92,var(--bad))' : p<70?'linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold-lt),var(--gold))' : 'linear-gradient(90deg,#6EE7B7,var(--ok))';\r\n    return '<div class=\"lrow\"><div><span class=\"lname\">'+r.label+'<\/span>'\r\n      + '<span class=\"lsub\">'+r.total+' in this bank \u00b7 '+r.seen+' attempted<\/span><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"ltrack\"><div class=\"lfill\" style=\"width:'+(p===null?0:p)+'%;background:'+col+'\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"lval\">'+(p===null?'\u2014':p+'%')+'<small>accuracy<\/small><\/div><\/div>';\r\n  };\r\n  const sorter=(a,b)=>(a.acc===null)-(b.acc===null)||(a.acc-b.acc);\r\n  $('shapeBars').innerHTML = rows.filter(r=>r.kind==='shape').sort(sorter).map(bar).join('');\r\n  $('traitBars').innerHTML = rows.filter(r=>r.kind==='trait').sort(sorter).map(bar).join('');\r\n  const rated = rows.filter(r=>r.acc!==null && r.attempts>=8).sort(sorter);\r\n  $('fmtNote').innerHTML = rated.length>=2\r\n    ? (()=>{ const w=rated[0], b=rated[rated.length-1], gap=Math.round((b.acc-w.acc)*100);\r\n        return gap>=12\r\n          ? 'Your weakest kind of question is <b>'+w.label+'<\/b> at <b>'+Math.round(w.acc*100)+'%<\/b>, against <b>'+Math.round(b.acc*100)+'%<\/b> on '+b.label.toLowerCase()+' \u2014 a <b>'+gap+'-point<\/b> gap. That is worth more than any single chapter, because these turn up in all of them.'\r\n          : 'You handle the different kinds of question evenly, within <b>'+gap+' points<\/b> of each other. Nothing to fix here \u2014 keep working the chapter list.'; })()\r\n    : 'Attempt a few more and this will show whether the format is costing you more than the topic.';\r\n}\r\nfunction renderRevision(due){\r\n  $('revQ').innerHTML = due.length\r\n    ? due.slice(0,8).map(d=>'<button class=\"rev\" data-gouid=\"'+encodeURIComponent(uid(d.q))+'\">'\r\n        + '<span class=\"n\">Q'+d.q.id+'<\/span><span class=\"t\">'+preview(d.q,58)+'<\/span>'\r\n        + '<span class=\"d\">'+Math.round(d.recall*100)+'% recall<\/span><\/button>').join('')\r\n    : '<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:var(--slate);line-height:1.6\">Nothing decaying right now. Mastered questions return here as their estimated recall drops below '+Math.round(CFG.retention.riskBelow*100)+'%.<\/p>';\r\n}\r\nfunction renderMastery(){\r\n  const b=[0,0,0,0];\r\n  QS.forEach(q=>{ const s=P.stats[uid(q)];\r\n    if(!s || (s.correct+s.incorrect)===0) b[0]++;\r\n    else if(s.correct>=CFG.masteryThreshold) b[3]++;\r\n    else if(s.correct>=2) b[2]++;\r\n    else b[1]++; });\r\n  const labels=['Untouched','Learning (0\u20131 \u2713)','Almost there (2 \u2713)','Mastered ('+CFG.masteryThreshold+' \u2713+)'];\r\n  const cols=['#CBD5E1','var(--gold)','var(--blue-700)','var(--ok)'];\r\n  $('mastDist').innerHTML = b.map((n,i)=>\r\n    '<div class=\"lrow\" style=\"grid-template-columns:minmax(120px,1fr) 2fr 54px\"><span class=\"lname\">'+labels[i]+'<\/span>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"ltrack\"><div class=\"lfill\" style=\"width:'+(QS.length?n\/QS.length*100:0)+'%;background:'+cols[i]+'\"><\/div><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"lval\" style=\"font-size:15px\">'+n+'<\/div><\/div>').join('');\r\n}\r\nfunction bindPerf(){\r\n  const f=$('btnFocus'), m=$('btnMock'), y=$('btnPyq'), w=$('btnWipe');\r\n  if(f) f.onclick=()=>startSession('focus');\r\n  if(m) m.onclick=()=>startSession('mock');\r\n  if(y) y.onclick=()=>startSession('pyq');\r\n  if(w) w.onclick=wipe;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   15b. EXAM ANALYTICS  \u2014  what the paper has actually asked\r\n   Everything here is counted from the PYQ bank's year field. Nothing is\r\n   estimated, so the tab hides itself when no years are recorded.\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nconst YEAR_ORDER = y => { const m=String(y).match(\/\\d{4}\/); return m ? +m[0] : 9999; };\r\nfunction examData(){\r\n  const years=[...new Set(PYQ.map(q=>q.year).filter(y=>y!==undefined && y!==null && y!==''))]\r\n              .sort((a,b)=>YEAR_ORDER(a)-YEAR_ORDER(b) || String(a).localeCompare(String(b)));\r\n  const rows = CHAPTERS.map(c=>{\r\n    const qs=inChB(c,'pyq'), byYear={};\r\n    years.forEach(y=>byYear[y]=0);\r\n    qs.forEach(q=>{ if(byYear[q.year]!==undefined) byYear[q.year]++; });\r\n    return { chapter:c, total:qs.length, byYear,\r\n             share: PYQ.length?qs.length\/PYQ.length:0 };\r\n  }).filter(r=>r.total>0).sort((a,b)=>b.total-a.total);\r\n  const perYear={}; years.forEach(y=>perYear[y]=PYQ.filter(q=>q.year===y).length);\r\n  return {years, rows, perYear, total:PYQ.length};\r\n}\r\nfunction renderExam(){\r\n  const d = examData(), body=$('examBody');\r\n  $('examCount').textContent = PYQ.length+' previous year questions';\r\n  if(!PYQ.length){ body.innerHTML='<div class=\"empty\"><b>No previous year questions loaded<\/b>Paste them into <code>pyqQuestions<\/code>, each with its year.<\/div>'; return; }\r\n\r\n  const hi = CFG.highYield, maxTot = Math.max(...d.rows.map(r=>r.total), 1);\r\n  const maxCell = Math.max(1, ...d.rows.map(r=>Math.max(...Object.values(r.byYear))));\r\n  const shade = n => { if(!n) return '';\r\n    const t=n\/maxCell;\r\n    return 'background:'+(t>0.8?'#D99B12':t>0.6?'#E8B44A':t>0.4?'#F2D28C':t>0.2?'#F9E9C4':'#FDF6E6')\r\n         + ';color:'+(t>0.6?'#3A2A02':'#8A6206')+';font-weight:800';\r\n  };\r\n  const maxYear = Math.max(...Object.values(d.perYear), 1);\r\n  const heavy = d.rows.filter(r=>r.total>=hi);\r\n  const heavyShare = heavy.reduce((a,r)=>a+r.share,0);\r\n  const spread = d.rows.filter(r=>Object.values(r.byYear).filter(Boolean).length >= Math.ceil(d.years.length*0.6));\r\n\r\n  body.innerHTML =\r\n  \/\/ ---------- 01 ranked ----------\r\n  '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">01<\/span>Ranked \u2014 previous year questions per chapter<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p>'+(heavy.length\r\n        ? '<b>'+heavy.length+' chapter'+(heavy.length===1?'':'s')+'<\/b> carry '+hi+' questions or more and together hold <b>'\r\n          + Math.round(heavyShare*100)+'%<\/b> of every paper on record. They are shown in gold.'\r\n        : 'No chapter has reached '+hi+' questions yet, so nothing is marked high-yield.')+'<\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">gold = high-yield ('+hi+'+ Qs)<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"bars\">'\r\n    + d.rows.map((r,i)=>{\r\n        const gold = r.total>=hi;\r\n        return '<div class=\"rankrow\"><span class=\"rk\">'+(i+1)+'<\/span>'\r\n          + '<span class=\"rname'+(gold?' gold':'')+'\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+titleCase(r.chapter)+'<\/span>'\r\n          + '<div class=\"rtrack\"><i style=\"width:'+(r.total\/maxTot*100)+'%;background:'\r\n            + (gold?'linear-gradient(90deg,var(--gold-lt),#D99B12)':'linear-gradient(90deg,#93B4F7,var(--blue-700))')+'\"><\/i><\/div>'\r\n          + '<span class=\"rv\">'+r.total+'<\/span><span class=\"rp\">'+(r.share*100).toFixed(1)+'%<\/span><\/div>';\r\n      }).join('')\r\n    + '<\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------- 02 heatmap ----------\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">02<\/span>Heatmap matrix \u2014 chapter \\u00d7 exam year<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p>'+(spread.length\r\n        ? '<b>'+spread.map(r=>chShort(r.chapter)).slice(0,3).join(', ')+'<\/b> appear in most papers on record \u2014 those are the standing favourites, not one-off spikes.'\r\n        : 'Read down a column to see what a single paper favoured; read across a row to see whether a chapter is a regular or a one-off.')+'<\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">darker gold = more questions<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"tblwrap\" style=\"border:0;border-radius:0\"><table class=\"perf-t hm\"><thead><tr>'\r\n    + '<th class=\"lft\">Chapter<\/th>'+d.years.map(y=>'<th>'+y+'<\/th>').join('')+'<th class=\"tot\">Total<\/th>'\r\n    + '<\/tr><\/thead><tbody>'\r\n    + d.rows.map(r=>'<tr><td class=\"lft\" title=\"'+r.chapter+'\">'+titleCase(r.chapter)+'<\/td>'\r\n        + d.years.map(y=>{ const n=r.byYear[y];\r\n            return '<td style=\"'+shade(n)+'\">'+(n||'<span class=\"nil\">\\u00b7<\/span>')+'<\/td>'; }).join('')\r\n        + '<td class=\"tot\">'+r.total+'<\/td><\/tr>').join('')\r\n    + '<\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td class=\"lft\">Total<\/td>'\r\n    + d.years.map(y=>'<td>'+d.perYear[y]+'<\/td>').join('')+'<td>'+d.total+'<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"hmlegend\"><span>Low<\/span>'\r\n    + ['#FDF6E6','#F9E9C4','#F2D28C','#E8B44A','#D99B12'].map(c=>'<i style=\"background:'+c+'\"><\/i>').join('')\r\n    + '<span>High<\/span><\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------- 03 per cycle ----------\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">03<\/span>Questions per exam cycle<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p>How many questions each paper on record contributed. A short bar usually means a partly recovered paper rather than a shorter exam \\u2014 worth knowing before you read too much into that year\\u2019s pattern.<\/p><\/div>'\r\n    + '<span class=\"sechint\">'+d.years.length+' cycles \\u00b7 '+d.total+' questions<\/span><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"cyc\">'\r\n    + d.years.map(y=>{ const n=d.perYear[y];\r\n        return '<div class=\"cycbar\"><span class=\"cn\">'+n+'<\/span>'\r\n          + '<div class=\"cbar\" style=\"height:'+Math.max(n\/maxYear*140,6)+'px\"><\/div>'\r\n          + '<span class=\"cy\">'+y+'<\/span><\/div>'; }).join('')\r\n    + '<\/div><\/section>'\r\n\r\n  \/\/ ---------- 04 what this means for you ----------\r\n  + '<section class=\"pblock\"><div class=\"pbh\"><div class=\"txt\">'\r\n    + '<h4><span class=\"secno\">04<\/span>What this means for your revision<\/h4>'\r\n    + '<p>The same counts, read against how you are actually performing.<\/p><\/div><\/div>'\r\n    + '<div class=\"bars\" id=\"examReco\"><\/div><\/section>';\r\n\r\n  \/\/ recommendations tie the counts back to the learner's own record\r\n  const perf = chapterRows();\r\n  const out=[];\r\n  d.rows.slice(0,3).forEach(r=>{\r\n    const p = perf.find(x=>x.chapter===r.chapter);\r\n    const acc = p && p.acc!==null ? Math.round(p.acc*100) : null;\r\n    out.push({ic: acc===null?'warm':acc<60?'hot':'good', icon: acc===null?'\\ud83e\\udded':acc<60?'\\ud83d\\udd25':'\\u2705',\r\n      txt:'<b>'+chBrief(r.chapter)+'<\/b> has produced <b>'+r.total+' questions<\/b> across '\r\n        + Object.values(r.byYear).filter(Boolean).length+' of '+d.years.length+' papers'\r\n        + (acc===null ? ' and you have not attempted it yet.' : ' and you are at <b>'+acc+'%<\/b> on it.'),\r\n      ch:r.chapter});\r\n  });\r\n  const recent = d.years.slice(-3);\r\n  const rising = d.rows.map(r=>{\r\n    const late = recent.reduce((a,y)=>a+(r.byYear[y]||0),0);\r\n    const early = d.years.slice(0,-3).reduce((a,y)=>a+(r.byYear[y]||0),0);\r\n    return {r, late, early, rate: late\/Math.max(recent.length,1)};\r\n  }).filter(x=>x.late>=2 && x.rate > (x.early\/Math.max(d.years.length-3,1))*1.5)\r\n    .sort((a,b)=>b.late-a.late)[0];\r\n  if(rising) out.push({ic:'warm',icon:'\\ud83d\\udcc8',\r\n    txt:'<b>'+chBrief(rising.r.chapter)+'<\/b> has been asked <b>'+rising.late+' times in the last '+recent.length\r\n      + ' papers<\/b>, well above its own earlier rate. Recent papers are the better guide to the next one.',ch:rising.r.chapter});\r\n  const silent = CHAPTERS.filter(c=>inChB(c,'pyq').length===0 && inChB(c,'concept').length>0);\r\n  if(silent.length) out.push({ic:'cool',icon:'\\ud83d\\udd07',\r\n    txt:'<b>'+silent.length+' chapter'+(silent.length===1?' has':'s have')+' never been asked<\/b> in the papers on record \\u2014 '\r\n      + silent.slice(0,3).map(chBrief).join(', ')+(silent.length>3?' and others':'')\r\n      + '. They still carry concept MCQs, so decide deliberately how much time they deserve.'});\r\n  $('examReco').innerHTML = out.map(r=>\r\n    '<div class=\"reco\"><span class=\"ic '+r.ic+'\">'+r.icon+'<\/span><p>'+r.txt+'<\/p>'\r\n    + (r.ch?'<button class=\"go\" data-goch=\"'+encodeURIComponent(r.ch)+'\" data-bank=\"pyq\">Drill PYQs \\u2192<\/button>':'')+'<\/div>').join('');\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   16. ANSWERING\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction check(){\r\n  const p=pool(), q=p[S.i]; if(!q) return;\r\n  if(S.pick==null){ S.nudge=true; render(); return; }\r\n  const u=uid(q), ok = S.pick===q.correct;\r\n  S.ans[u]=S.pick; S.pick=null; S.nudge=false;\r\n  const s=stat(u);\r\n  ok ? s.correct++ : s.incorrect++;\r\n  s.last=Date.now(); s.lastOk=ok;\r\n  P.log.push({u, ok, ts:Date.now()});\r\n  P.lastUid=u;\r\n  refreshWeak(); save(); render();\r\n  const res=$('result'); if(res && res.scrollIntoView) try{ res.scrollIntoView({block:'nearest',behavior:'smooth'}); }catch(e){}\r\n}\r\nfunction wipe(){\r\n  if(!confirm('Permanently erase ALL lifetime performance for this subject?\\n\\nMastery, weak areas, flags, accuracy history, the built session and the readiness score all go. 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EVENTS\r\n   ===================================================================== *\/\r\nfunction setTab(t){\r\n  S.tab=t;\r\n  document.querySelectorAll('#cdRoot .tab').forEach(b=>b.setAttribute('aria-selected', b.dataset.tab===t));\r\n  $('viewQuiz').classList.toggle('hide', t!=='quiz');\r\n  $('viewPerf').classList.toggle('hide', t!=='perf');\r\n  $('viewExam').classList.toggle('hide', t!=='exam');\r\n  $('cdFilters').classList.toggle('hide', t!=='quiz');\r\n  if(t==='perf') renderPerf();\r\n  if(t==='exam') renderExam();\r\n}\r\nfunction setFilter(f, ch){\r\n  S.filter=f; S.i=0; S.pick=null;\r\n  if(ch) S.chapter=ch;\r\n  document.querySelectorAll('#cdRoot .pill-f').forEach(b=>b.setAttribute('aria-pressed', b.dataset.f===f));\r\n  render();\r\n}\r\ndocument.querySelectorAll('#cdRoot .tab').forEach(b=>b.onclick=()=>setTab(b.dataset.tab));\r\ndocument.querySelectorAll('#cdRoot .pill-f').forEach(b=>b.onclick=()=>setFilter(b.dataset.f));\r\n$('chapList').addEventListener('click', e=>{\r\n  const chip=e.target.closest('.chapchip'); if(!chip) return;\r\n  S.chapter = decodeURIComponent(chip.dataset.ch);\r\n  S.i=0; S.pick=null; render();\r\n});\r\n$('btnCheck').onclick = check;\r\n$('btnNext').onclick  = ()=>{ S.i++; S.pick=null; render(); };\r\n$('btnPrev').onclick  = ()=>{ S.i--; S.pick=null; render(); };\r\n$('btnFlag').onclick  = ()=>{\r\n  const p=pool(), q=p[S.i]; if(!q) return;\r\n  const u=uid(q);\r\n  flags.has(u) ? flags.delete(u) : flags.add(u);\r\n  P.flags=[...flags]; save(); render();\r\n};\r\n$('navToggle').onclick = ()=>{ navOpen=!navOpen; renderNav(pool()); };\r\nlet tmr;\r\n$('cdSearch').addEventListener('input', e=>{\r\n  clearTimeout(tmr);\r\n  tmr=setTimeout(()=>{ S.query=e.target.value.trim(); S.i=0; S.pick=null; render(); },220);\r\n});\r\n$('tglUn').onclick = e=>{\r\n  S.unattempted=!S.unattempted;\r\n  e.currentTarget.setAttribute('aria-pressed',S.unattempted);\r\n  e.currentTarget.firstChild.textContent = S.unattempted?'\u2611 ':'\u25fb ';\r\n  S.i=0; S.pick=null; render();\r\n};\r\n$('tglReset').onclick = ()=>{\r\n  if(!Object.keys(S.ans).length) return;\r\n  if(!confirm('Reset this sitting? Only the answers on screen are cleared \u2014 your lifetime performance and mastery are kept.')) return;\r\n  S.ans={}; S.i=0; S.pick=null; render();\r\n  toast('Session reset \u2014 performance data kept', true);\r\n};\r\n\r\n\/* performance-tab jumps + AI chips, delegated *\/\r\ndocument.addEventListener('click', e=>{\r\n  if(!e.target.closest('#cdRoot')) return;\r\n  const goch=e.target.closest('[data-goch]');\r\n  if(goch){\r\n    S.bank = goch.dataset.bank || 'all';\r\n    setTab('quiz'); setFilter('chapter', decodeURIComponent(goch.dataset.goch));\r\n    toast('Filtered to '+chShort(S.chapter)+(S.bank==='pyq'?' \u2014 PYQs':S.bank==='concept'?' \u2014 concept MCQs':''), true);\r\n    return;\r\n  }\r\n  const bseg=e.target.closest('.bankseg button');\r\n  if(bseg){ S.bank=bseg.dataset.bank; S.i=0; S.pick=null; render(); return; }\r\n  if(e.target.closest('[data-goweak]')){ setTab('quiz'); setFilter('weak'); return; }\r\n  if(e.target.closest('[data-goflag]')){ setTab('quiz'); setFilter('flagged'); return; }\r\n  const gu=e.target.closest('[data-gouid]');\r\n  if(gu){\r\n    const u=decodeURIComponent(gu.dataset.gouid);\r\n    setTab('quiz'); setFilter('all');\r\n    const idx=pool().findIndex(q=>uid(q)===u);\r\n    if(idx>=0){ S.i=idx; render(); }\r\n    return;\r\n  }\r\n});\r\n\/* keyboard, scoped to the widget *\/\r\ndocument.addEventListener('keydown', e=>{\r\n  if(S.tab!=='quiz') return;\r\n  const t=e.target;\r\n  if(t && (\/^(INPUT|TEXTAREA|SELECT)$\/.test(t.tagName) || t.isContentEditable)) return;\r\n  if(e.ctrlKey||e.metaKey||e.altKey) return;\r\n  const p=pool(); if(!p.length) return;\r\n  const q=p[S.i];\r\n  if(\/^[1-9]$\/.test(e.key)){\r\n    const k=+e.key-1;\r\n    if(q && S.ans[uid(q)]==null && k<q.options.length){ e.preventDefault(); S.pick=k; S.nudge=false; render(); }\r\n    return;\r\n  }\r\n  const low=e.key.toLowerCase();\r\n  if(\/^[a-f]$\/.test(low)){\r\n    const k=low.charCodeAt(0)-97;\r\n    if(q && S.ans[uid(q)]==null && k<q.options.length){ e.preventDefault(); S.pick=k; S.nudge=false; render(); }\r\n    return;\r\n  }\r\n  if(e.key==='Enter'){ e.preventDefault();\r\n    if(q && S.ans[uid(q)]==null) check();\r\n    else if(S.i<p.length-1){ S.i++; S.pick=null; render(); }\r\n    return; }\r\n  if(e.key==='ArrowRight'){ e.preventDefault(); S.i++; S.pick=null; render(); return; }\r\n  if(e.key==='ArrowLeft'){ e.preventDefault(); S.i--; S.pick=null; render(); return; }\r\n  if(low==='f'){ e.preventDefault(); $('btnFlag').click(); }\r\n});\r\nwindow.addEventListener('beforeunload', save);\r\n\r\n\/* =====================================================================\r\n   19. 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