CPWD Works Manual 2022 \u2014 Study Notes<\/title>\r\n<style>.elementor-section.elementor-section-stretched,\r\n .elementor-section-full_width,\r\n .elementor-container,\r\n .elementor-column,\r\n .elementor-column-wrap,\r\n .elementor-widget-wrap,\r\n .elementor-element {\r\n padding: 0 !important;\r\n margin: 0 !important;\r\n gap: 0 !important;\r\n }\r\n *, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }\r\n :root {\r\n --navy: #0f2a4a;\r\n --blue: #1a5fa8;\r\n --sky: #2d8ecf;\r\n --teal: #0e8f7a;\r\n --amber: #c97c10;\r\n --red: #c0392b;\r\n --gold: #c89b0a;\r\n --purple: #7e3eb5;\r\n --text: #1c2b3a;\r\n --muted: #5a6d80;\r\n --border: #e0e8f0;\r\n }\r\n html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }\r\n body {\r\n font-family: 'DM Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;\r\n background: #ffffff;\r\n color: var(--text);\r\n font-size: 15px;\r\n line-height: 1.85;\r\n }\r\n a { text-decoration: none; color: inherit; }\r\n\r\n .hero {\r\n width: 100%;\r\n background: linear-gradient(130deg, #0f2a4a 0%, #1a5fa8 38%, #0e8f7a 78%, #c89b0a 100%);\r\n padding: 60px 48px 56px;\r\n color: #fff;\r\n position: relative;\r\n overflow: hidden;\r\n }\r\n .hero::before {\r\n content: ''; 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font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.12em; margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--blue); }\r\n .callout.amber .callout-label { color: var(--amber); }\r\n .callout.red .callout-label { color: var(--red); }\r\n .callout.teal .callout-label { color: var(--teal); }\r\n .callout.purple .callout-label { color: var(--purple); }\r\n .callout.gold .callout-label { color: #8a6a00; }\r\n .callout p { text-align: justify; }\r\n .callout p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }\r\n\r\n .def-card { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fffcf0 0%, #fff7e0 100%); border: 1.5px solid #e8c87a; border-radius: 12px; padding: 22px 26px; margin: 18px 0 26px; position: relative; }\r\n .def-card::before { content: '\\201C'; position: absolute; top: 6px; left: 14px; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 60px; color: rgba(200,155,10,0.25); line-height: 1; }\r\n .def-card .def-label { font-size: 10.5px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.14em; color: #8a6a00; margin-bottom: 8px; 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}\r\n\r\n .compare-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 16px 0 24px; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid var(--border); }\r\n .compare-table thead tr { background: var(--navy); color: #fff; }\r\n .compare-table th { padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 700; }\r\n .compare-table td { padding: 11px 16px; font-size: 14px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); color: #2c3e50; vertical-align: top; }\r\n .compare-table tr:nth-child(even) td { background: #f9fbfd; }\r\n .compare-table td.label-cell { font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); background: #f1f5f9 !important; width: 22%; }\r\n\r\n .parts-list { list-style: none; counter-reset: parts; margin: 14px 0 22px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; }\r\n .parts-list > li { background: #fff; border: 1.5px solid var(--border); border-radius: 10px; padding: 16px 18px 16px 60px; position: relative; font-size: 14.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.72; counter-increment: parts; text-align: justify; }\r\n .parts-list > li::before { content: counter(parts, lower-alpha); position: absolute; left: 16px; top: 16px; width: 32px; height: 32px; background: var(--blue); color: #fff; border-radius: 50%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; }\r\n .parts-list.roman > li::before { content: counter(parts, lower-roman); font-size: 12px; }\r\n .parts-list.decimal > li::before { content: counter(parts); font-size: 13px; }\r\n .parts-list.teal > li::before { background: var(--teal); }\r\n .parts-list.amber > li::before { background: var(--amber); }\r\n .parts-list.purple > li::before { background: var(--purple); }\r\n .parts-list.red > li::before { background: var(--red); }\r\n .parts-list.gold > li::before { background: var(--gold); }\r\n .parts-list > li strong { color: var(--navy); }\r\n\r\n .highlight-box { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f0f7ff 0%, #e8f1fc 100%); border-left: 4px solid var(--blue); border-radius: 0 10px 10px 0; padding: 16px 20px; margin: 16px 0 22px; }\r\n .highlight-box .hl-label { font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.12em; color: var(--blue); margin-bottom: 6px; }\r\n .highlight-box .hl-text { font-size: 14.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; }\r\n\r\n .stat-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); gap: 12px; margin: 18px 0 26px; }\r\n .stat-card { background: #fff; border: 1.5px solid var(--border); border-radius: 10px; padding: 16px; text-align: center; }\r\n .stat-card.b { border-color: #9dc3ec; background: #f0f7ff; }\r\n .stat-card.t { border-color: #7fd3c5; background: #f0fdf8; }\r\n .stat-card.a { border-color: #f0d58a; background: #fffbf0; }\r\n .stat-card.r { border-color: #f5a0a0; background: #fff5f5; }\r\n .stat-card .stat-num { font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 22px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 6px; }\r\n .stat-card.b .stat-num { color: var(--blue); }\r\n .stat-card.t .stat-num { color: var(--teal); }\r\n .stat-card.a .stat-num { color: var(--amber); }\r\n .stat-card.r .stat-num { color: var(--red); }\r\n .stat-card .stat-label { font-size: 11px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.06em; color: var(--muted); }\r\n\r\n .cat-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 14px; margin: 20px 0 28px; }\r\n .cat-grid.three { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }\r\n .cat-grid.four { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); }\r\n .cat-card { border-radius: 10px; padding: 18px 18px; border: 1.5px solid var(--border); }\r\n .cat-card.a { border-color: #9dc3ec; background: #f0f7ff; }\r\n .cat-card.b { border-color: #7fd3c5; background: #f0fdf8; }\r\n .cat-card.c { border-color: #f0d58a; background: #fffbf0; }\r\n .cat-card.d { border-color: #f5a0a0; background: #fff5f5; }\r\n .cat-card.e { border-color: #d1baf0; background: #f9f5ff; }\r\n .cat-label { font-size: 9.5px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.12em; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 6px; }\r\n .cat-title { font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 8px; }\r\n .cat-card.a .cat-title { color: var(--blue); }\r\n .cat-card.b .cat-title { color: var(--teal); }\r\n .cat-card.c .cat-title { color: var(--amber); }\r\n .cat-card.d .cat-title { color: var(--red); }\r\n .cat-card.e .cat-title { color: var(--purple); }\r\n .cat-card p { font-size: 13px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.7; text-align: justify; }\r\n .cat-badge { display: inline-block; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: 'Crimson Pro', Georgia, serif; line-height: 1; }\r\n .cat-card.a .cat-badge { color: var(--blue); }\r\n .cat-card.b .cat-badge { color: var(--teal); }\r\n .cat-card.c .cat-badge { color: var(--amber); }\r\n .cat-card.d .cat-badge { color: var(--red); }\r\n .cat-card.e .cat-badge { color: var(--purple); }\r\n\r\n .schedule-banner { border: 2px solid var(--amber); border-radius: 10px; padding: 22px 24px; margin: 20px 0 26px; background: #fffcf0; position: relative; }\r\n .schedule-stamp { position: absolute; top: -11px; left: 20px; background: var(--amber); color: #fff; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase; padding: 3px 14px; border-radius: 4px; }\r\n .schedule-banner h4 { font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700; color: #4a3500; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-top: 8px; }\r\n\r\n .tag-yes { background: #edfaf6; color: var(--teal); border-radius: 4px; padding: 2px 8px; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; }\r\n .tag-no { background: #fef3f2; color: var(--red); border-radius: 4px; padding: 2px 8px; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; }\r\n\r\n .chapter-pane { display: none; animation: fadeIn 0.3s ease; }\r\n .chapter-pane.active { display: block; }\r\n @keyframes fadeIn { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(4px);} to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0);} }\r\n\r\n .sidebar { position: sticky; top: 24px; max-height: calc(100vh - 48px); }\r\n .toc-card { background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 12px; padding: 16px 12px; max-height: calc(100vh - 48px); overflow-y: auto; }\r\n .toc-card-title { font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.14em; color: var(--muted); margin: 4px 0 14px; padding: 0 4px; }\r\n .toc-chapter { margin-bottom: 8px; }\r\n .toc-chapter-header { background: var(--navy); border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; list-style: none; transition: background 0.18s; }\r\n .toc-chapter-header::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }\r\n .toc-chapter-header:hover { background: #173860; }\r\n .toc-ch-badge { background: #ffd95a; color: #0f2a4a; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.06em; padding: 4px 8px; border-radius: 5px; flex-shrink: 0; min-width: 38px; text-align: center; line-height: 1; }\r\n .toc-ch-title { flex: 1; font-size: 13.5px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.25; color: #fff; }\r\n .toc-ch-chev { font-size: 10px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.8); transition: transform 0.22s ease; flex-shrink: 0; }\r\n .toc-chapter[open] > .toc-chapter-header { background: #173860; }\r\n .toc-chapter[open] > .toc-chapter-header .toc-ch-chev { transform: rotate(90deg); }\r\n .toc-sub-wrap { position: relative; margin: 6px 0 6px 18px; padding-left: 14px; }\r\n .toc-sub-wrap::before { content: ''; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 6px; bottom: 8px; width: 1px; background: repeating-linear-gradient(to bottom, #d0d8e2 0px, #d0d8e2 2px, transparent 2px, transparent 5px); }\r\n .toc-sub-list { list-style: none; }\r\n .toc-sub-list li { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 6px; padding: 5px 4px 5px 0; }\r\n .toc-sub-num { flex-shrink: 0; font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 10.5px; color: var(--muted); font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.5; min-width: 32px; padding-top: 1px; }\r\n .toc-sub-list a { flex: 1; font-size: 13px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.45; padding: 1px 4px; border-radius: 3px; transition: color 0.15s; }\r\n .toc-sub-list a:hover { color: var(--blue); }\r\n .toc-sub-list a.active { color: var(--blue); font-weight: 700; }\r\n .toc-sub-list .toc-app .toc-sub-num, .toc-sub-list .toc-app a { color: var(--purple); }\r\n .toc-sub-list .toc-app a:hover, .toc-sub-list .toc-app a.active { color: #5a2a8a; font-weight: 700; }\r\n\r\n .recap { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f2a4a 0%, #1a3d6a 100%); border-radius: 14px; padding: 28px 30px; margin: 44px 0 0; color: #fff; }\r\n .recap-title { font-family: 'Crimson Pro', Georgia, serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 18px; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; }\r\n .recap table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; }\r\n .recap th, .recap td { padding: 10px 14px; text-align: left; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.12); font-size: 13.5px; }\r\n .recap th { font-size: 11px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.1em; opacity: 0.7; font-weight: 700; }\r\n .recap td:first-child { font-weight: 700; color: #ffd700; width: 36%; }\r\n .recap td strong { color: #ffd95a; font-weight: 700; }\r\n .recap td:first-child strong { color: inherit; }\r\n\r\n @media (max-width: 860px) {\r\n .layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; padding: 28px 24px 64px; }\r\n .sidebar { position: static; }\r\n .stat-grid, .cat-grid, .cat-grid.three, .cat-grid.four { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }\r\n .hero { padding: 48px 24px 44px; }\r\n .breadcrumb-bar { padding: 10px 24px; }\r\n .hero-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; text-align: left; }\r\n .hero-illustration { width: 240px; margin: 0 auto; }\r\n }\r\n @media (max-width: 500px) {\r\n .hero h1 { font-size: 24px; }\r\n .stat-grid, .cat-grid, .cat-grid.three, .cat-grid.four { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\r\n .hero-illustration { display: none; }\r\n .compare-table td.label-cell { width: auto; }\r\n }\r\n<\/style>\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\r\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Crimson+Pro:wght@400;600;700&family=DM+Sans:wght@400;500;700&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;700&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\r\n<\/head>\r\n<body>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"hero\">\r\n <div class=\"hero-inner hero-grid\">\r\n <div class=\"hero-text\">\r\n <span class=\"hero-kicker\">Study Notes \u00b7 CPWD Works Manual 2022 \u00b7 DG CPWD<\/span>\r\n <h1>CPWD Works Manual 2022<\/h1>\r\n <p class=\"hero-sub\">The mandate book of the Central Public Works Department, launched on CPWD Day (12 July 2022) and implemented from the same date. Arranged in the sequence of execution of works, it covers four Parts \u2014 Funds & Accounts, Construction, Maintenance, and Green Buildings \u2014 incorporating all circulars from 2019 to June 2022, GFR 2017, GeM, EPC contracting, and the Make-in-India regime. The Manual sets the binding provisions; the companion SOPs 2022 carry the workflows.<\/p>\r\n <div class=\"hero-pills\">\r\n <span class=\"hero-pill\">4 Parts \u00b7 16 Chapters<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"hero-pill\">44 Salient Features<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"hero-pill\">GFR 2017 \u00b7 GeM \u00b7 EPC<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"hero-pill\">168 Years of Service<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"hero-illustration\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 320 280\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"A building under construction with a tower crane and blueprint\">\r\n <ellipse cx=\"160\" cy=\"256\" rx=\"124\" ry=\"13\" fill=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.18)\"\/>\r\n \r\n <g transform=\"translate(36,150)\">\r\n <rect x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"118\" height=\"92\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"#e3edf6\" stroke=\"#0f2a4a\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n <g stroke=\"#1a5fa8\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\" opacity=\"0.8\">\r\n <rect x=\"14\" y=\"14\" width=\"40\" height=\"64\"\/>\r\n <rect x=\"64\" y=\"14\" width=\"40\" height=\"30\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"64\" y1=\"58\" x2=\"104\" y2=\"58\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"64\" y1=\"70\" x2=\"104\" y2=\"70\"\/>\r\n <\/g>\r\n <\/g>\r\n \r\n <g transform=\"translate(168,86)\">\r\n <rect x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"86\" height=\"156\" fill=\"#f4f8fc\" stroke=\"#0f2a4a\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n <g fill=\"#9db4c9\">\r\n <rect x=\"10\" y=\"14\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\"\/><rect x=\"38\" y=\"14\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\"\/>\r\n <rect x=\"10\" y=\"46\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\"\/><rect x=\"38\" y=\"46\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\"\/>\r\n <rect x=\"10\" y=\"78\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\"\/><rect x=\"38\" y=\"78\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\"\/>\r\n <\/g>\r\n \r\n <g stroke=\"#c97c10\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" fill=\"none\">\r\n <rect x=\"66\" y=\"0\" width=\"20\" height=\"40\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"66\" y1=\"20\" x2=\"86\" y2=\"20\"\/>\r\n <\/g>\r\n <\/g>\r\n \r\n <g stroke=\"#0e8f7a\" stroke-width=\"3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke-linecap=\"round\">\r\n <line x1=\"120\" y1=\"240\" x2=\"120\" y2=\"40\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"60\" y1=\"40\" x2=\"200\" y2=\"40\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"60\" y1=\"40\" x2=\"120\" y2=\"14\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"200\" y1=\"40\" x2=\"120\" y2=\"14\"\/>\r\n <\/g>\r\n <line x1=\"180\" y1=\"40\" x2=\"180\" y2=\"74\" stroke=\"#c0392b\" stroke-width=\"2.5\"\/>\r\n <rect x=\"171\" y=\"74\" width=\"18\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#c89b0a\"\/>\r\n \r\n <g transform=\"translate(250,150)\">\r\n <path d=\"M2 22 a20 20 0 0 1 40 0 Z\" fill=\"#c89b0a\" stroke=\"#8a6a00\" stroke-width=\"1.6\"\/>\r\n <rect x=\"-2\" y=\"22\" width=\"48\" height=\"6\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#c89b0a\" stroke=\"#8a6a00\" stroke-width=\"1.6\"\/>\r\n <\/g>\r\n <g fill=\"#fff\" opacity=\"0.85\">\r\n <circle cx=\"40\" cy=\"60\" r=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"296\" cy=\"110\" r=\"1.5\"\/><circle cx=\"300\" cy=\"60\" r=\"1.5\"\/>\r\n <\/g>\r\n <\/svg>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"breadcrumb-bar\">\r\n <div class=\"breadcrumb-inner\">\r\n <a href=\"#\">Home<\/a>\r\n <span class=\"sep\">›<\/span>\r\n <a href=\"#\">Notes<\/a>\r\n <span class=\"sep\">›<\/span>\r\n <span>CPWD Works Manual 2022<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"layout\">\r\n\r\n \r\n <aside class=\"sidebar\">\r\n <div class=\"toc-card\">\r\n <div class=\"toc-card-title\">Table of Contents<\/div>\r\n\r\n <details class=\"toc-chapter\" data-chapter=\"0\" open>\r\n <summary class=\"toc-chapter-header\">\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-badge\">INTRO<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-title\">Foundations, Definitions & Glossary<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-chev\">▶<\/span>\r\n <\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrap\">\r\n <ul class=\"toc-sub-list\">\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">0.1<\/span><a href=\"#c0-what\">What This Manual Is<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">0.2<\/span><a href=\"#c0-rules\">Manual vs SOP & Reading Rules<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">0.3<\/span><a href=\"#c0-salient\">44 Salient Features<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">0.4<\/span><a href=\"#c0-glossary\">Glossary of Abbreviations<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">0.5<\/span><a href=\"#c0-defs\">Key Definitions<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li class=\"toc-app\"><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">★<\/span><a href=\"#c0-recap\">Intro \u2014 Quick Recap<\/a><\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n\r\n <details class=\"toc-chapter\" data-chapter=\"1\">\r\n <summary class=\"toc-chapter-header\">\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-badge\">CH 1<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-title\">General Provisions (Part I)<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-chev\">▶<\/span>\r\n <\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrap\">\r\n <ul class=\"toc-sub-list\">\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">1.1<\/span><a href=\"#c1-functions\">Functions of CPWD<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">1.2<\/span><a href=\"#c1-forms\">Standard Forms of Contract<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">1.3<\/span><a href=\"#c1-funding\">Funding of Works<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">1.4<\/span><a href=\"#c1-boards\">Central & Regional Works Boards<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">1.5<\/span><a href=\"#c1-inescapable\">Emergent & Urgent Works<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li class=\"toc-app\"><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">★<\/span><a href=\"#c1-recap\">Chapter 1 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/a><\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n\r\n <details class=\"toc-chapter\" data-chapter=\"2\">\r\n <summary class=\"toc-chapter-header\">\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-badge\">CH 2<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-title\">Budget & Reconciliation<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-chev\">▶<\/span>\r\n <\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrap\">\r\n <ul class=\"toc-sub-list\">\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">2.1<\/span><a href=\"#c2-docs\">Documents & Budget Basics<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">2.2<\/span><a href=\"#c2-cfi\">Consolidated Fund & New Service<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">2.3<\/span><a href=\"#c2-savings\">Savings, Excess & Supplementary<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">2.4<\/span><a href=\"#c2-approp\">Appropriation & Re-appropriation<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">2.5<\/span><a href=\"#c2-audit\">Audit, Committees & PAC<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li class=\"toc-app\"><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">★<\/span><a href=\"#c2-recap\">Chapter 2 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/a><\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n\r\n <details class=\"toc-chapter\" data-chapter=\"3\">\r\n <summary class=\"toc-chapter-header\">\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-badge\">CH 3<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-title\">Construction \u2014 Pre-construction<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-chev\">▶<\/span>\r\n <\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrap\">\r\n <ul class=\"toc-sub-list\">\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">3.1<\/span><a href=\"#c3-class\">Classification & the Estimate Chain<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">3.2<\/span><a href=\"#c3-aaes\">A\/A & E\/S and Technical Sanction<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">3.3<\/span><a href=\"#c3-sor\">Contingencies, DC, SOR<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">3.4<\/span><a href=\"#c3-deposit\">Deposit & Specialized Works<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">3.5<\/span><a href=\"#c3-excess\">Excess Over A\/A & E\/S<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li class=\"toc-app\"><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">★<\/span><a href=\"#c3-recap\">Chapter 3 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/a><\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n\r\n <details class=\"toc-chapter\" data-chapter=\"4\">\r\n <summary class=\"toc-chapter-header\">\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-badge\">CH 4<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-title\">Modes of Bidding System<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-chev\">▶<\/span>\r\n <\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrap\">\r\n <ul class=\"toc-sub-list\">\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">4.1<\/span><a href=\"#c4-without\">Award Without Call of Tenders<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">4.2<\/span><a href=\"#c4-scst\">Labour Co-ops & SC\/ST Preference<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">4.3<\/span><a href=\"#c4-etender\">E-Tendering & Types of Tenders<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">4.4<\/span><a href=\"#c4-epc\">EPC Contracts & SPV<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">4.5<\/span><a href=\"#c4-nit\">NIT, Publicity & Validity<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li class=\"toc-app\"><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">★<\/span><a href=\"#c4-recap\">Chapter 4 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/a><\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n\r\n <details class=\"toc-chapter\" data-chapter=\"5\">\r\n <summary class=\"toc-chapter-header\">\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-badge\">CH 5<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-title\">Contract Management<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-chev\">▶<\/span>\r\n <\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrap\">\r\n <ul class=\"toc-sub-list\">\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">5.1<\/span><a href=\"#c5-emd\">Earnest Money & Acceptance<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">5.2<\/span><a href=\"#c5-pg\">PG, Security Deposit, Agreement<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">5.3<\/span><a href=\"#c5-exec\">Execution, Quality & Advances<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">5.4<\/span><a href=\"#c5-ei\">Extra\/Deviation & Measurement<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">5.5<\/span><a href=\"#c5-completion\">Completion, Payment, Arbitration<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li class=\"toc-app\"><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">★<\/span><a href=\"#c5-recap\">Chapter 5 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/a><\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n\r\n <details class=\"toc-chapter\" data-chapter=\"6\">\r\n <summary class=\"toc-chapter-header\">\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-badge\">CH 6<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-title\">Stores, QA & Miscellaneous<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-chev\">▶<\/span>\r\n <\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrap\">\r\n <ul class=\"toc-sub-list\">\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">6.1<\/span><a href=\"#c6-stores\">Purchase of Stores<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">6.2<\/span><a href=\"#c6-qa\">Quality Assurance \u2014 CTE & QA Wing<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">6.3<\/span><a href=\"#c6-disposal\">Disposal of Buildings & Stores<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">6.4<\/span><a href=\"#c6-consult\">Consultants, Hiring & Valuation<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li class=\"toc-app\"><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">★<\/span><a href=\"#c6-recap\">Chapter 6 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/a><\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n\r\n <details class=\"toc-chapter\" data-chapter=\"7\">\r\n <summary class=\"toc-chapter-header\">\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-badge\">CH 7<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-title\">Maintenance Works (Part III)<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-chev\">▶<\/span>\r\n <\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrap\">\r\n <ul class=\"toc-sub-list\">\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">7.1<\/span><a href=\"#c7-class\">Classification & Modes<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">7.2<\/span><a href=\"#c7-powers\">Powers & Client Interface<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">7.3<\/span><a href=\"#c7-prelim\">Preliminaries \u2014 A\/A, T\/S, NIT<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">7.4<\/span><a href=\"#c7-deviation\">Deviation, Bidding & QA<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">7.5<\/span><a href=\"#c7-stores\">Stores & Miscellaneous<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li class=\"toc-app\"><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">★<\/span><a href=\"#c7-recap\">Chapter 7 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/a><\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n\r\n <details class=\"toc-chapter\" data-chapter=\"8\">\r\n <summary class=\"toc-chapter-header\">\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-badge\">CH 8<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-title\">Green Buildings & Sustainability<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-chev\">▶<\/span>\r\n <\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrap\">\r\n <ul class=\"toc-sub-list\">\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">8.1<\/span><a href=\"#c8-ghar\">GHAR & Green Certification<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">8.2<\/span><a href=\"#c8-tech\">Emerging Tech & C&D Waste<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">8.3<\/span><a href=\"#c8-policy\">Skill India & Make in India<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li class=\"toc-app\"><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">★<\/span><a href=\"#c8-recap\">Chapter 8 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/a><\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/aside>\r\n\r\n <main class=\"article\">\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"chapter-pane active\" id=\"pane-ch0\" data-chapter=\"0\">\r\n\r\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\" id=\"c0-what\">\r\n <span class=\"chapter-badge\">INTRO \u00b7 PART A<\/span>\r\n <h2>What This Manual Is<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"def-card\">\r\n <div class=\"def-label\">The document in one breath<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"def-text\">\r\n The <strong>CPWD Works Manual 2022<\/strong> is the guide book of the Central Public Works Department, published under the authority of the <strong>Director General, CPWD<\/strong> and launched by the Minister of Housing & Urban Affairs on <strong>CPWD Day, 12 July 2022<\/strong>, with immediate effect. It replaces the 2019 Manual, folding in every circular issued from <strong>2019 to June 2022<\/strong> plus GFR 2017, GeM, the Make-in-India regime and EPC contracting. Crucially, it <em>mandates<\/em> the provisions; the matching <strong>Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) 2022<\/strong> carry the detailed workflows.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c0-rules\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge teal\">§1<\/span>\r\n <h3>Manual vs SOP \u2014 and the Reading Rules<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>The Manual is arranged in the <strong>ordinary sequence of execution<\/strong> of construction and maintenance, including pre-construction and pre-maintenance activities. It is split into four Parts:<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cat-grid four\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-card a\"><span class=\"cat-badge\">I<\/span><div class=\"cat-title\">Part I \u2014 General<\/div><p>Functions, funds, budget and accounts \u2014 provisions common to both construction and maintenance.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card b\"><span class=\"cat-badge\">II<\/span><div class=\"cat-title\">Part II \u2014 Construction<\/div><p>Provisions related to construction works (Chapters 3\u20138).<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card c\"><span class=\"cat-badge\">III<\/span><div class=\"cat-title\">Part III \u2014 Maintenance<\/div><p>Provisions related to maintenance and repair works (Chapters 9\u201315).<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card e\"><span class=\"cat-badge\">IV<\/span><div class=\"cat-title\">Part IV \u2014 Green<\/div><p>Green Buildings and Sustainability Measures (Chapter 16).<\/p><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">The order-of-precedence rule (a classic exam trap)<\/div>\r\n <p>Where the Manual\/SOPs conflict with the <strong>General Conditions of Contract (GCC)<\/strong>, the <strong>GCC prevails in contract management<\/strong>. Above everything, <strong>Acts and laws notified by Government, GFR provisions and CVC guidelines prevail<\/strong> over the Manual and SOPs. The Manual must be read as imposing a <strong>positive duty<\/strong> on CPWD officers for timely delivery of works with quality.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Exercise & relaxation of powers<\/div>\r\n <p>A <strong>higher authority may always exercise powers delegated to a lower authority<\/strong>; if a lower authority fails to act, the higher authority may step in \u2014 but <strong>with recorded reasons<\/strong>. Relaxation of any SOP provision in the interest of the work is allowed by an officer <strong>not below ADG\/SDG with recorded reasons<\/strong>. The \"Compendium of Financial Powers Delegated to CPWD Officers\" sits in <strong>SOP Annexure-66<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c0-salient\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge amber\">§2<\/span>\r\n <h3>The 44 Salient Features \u2014 the high-yield headline changes<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>The Manual lists 44 salient features; these are the ones most worth memorising as quick-fire facts:<\/p>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:34%;\">Theme<\/th><th>What changed in 2022<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Structure<\/td><td>Mandatory provisions kept in the Manual; operating procedures moved to <strong>SOPs<\/strong>. Workflows redesigned to minimum approval levels \u2014 essentially <strong>T\/S Authority + Site Engineers<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Technical Sanction<\/td><td>Definition of T\/S simplified. <strong>No T\/S for \"Design and Build\"\/EPC contracts.<\/strong> For maintenance, T\/S only for <strong>rehabilitation works<\/strong>, not general maintenance. Revised T\/S only on deviation in scope due to <strong>structural requirements<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Excess over A\/A & E\/S<\/td><td>No expenditure over A\/A & E\/S without client approval; for MoHUA budgetary works, excess <strong>up to 10%<\/strong> allowed.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Reports & PPR<\/td><td><strong>Preliminary Project Report (PPR)<\/strong> for works > <strong>Rs 10 Cr<\/strong>; presentation to client for projects above <strong>Rs 100 Cr<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Quality<\/td><td>QA team at circle level <strong>dispensed with<\/strong>; <strong>Engineer-in-Charge responsible for overall quality<\/strong>; TPQA limit per Directorate directions.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Disputes<\/td><td>Dispute Resolution Committee (DRC) <strong>dispensed with<\/strong>; conciliation\/arbitration procedure modified.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Measurement & payment<\/td><td>All measurements via <strong>e-MB module on PFMS<\/strong>; time schedule for bill payment defined; <strong>testing charges borne by contractor<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">New provisions<\/td><td><strong>SPV<\/strong> & <strong>IEM<\/strong> for large projects; <strong>Global Tender Enquiry (GTE)<\/strong>; order of preference in EPC mode; Regional Audit Committees reconstituted.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Green<\/td><td><strong>GHAR Green-level certification mandatory for works \u2265 Rs 50 Cr.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c0-glossary\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge purple\">§3<\/span>\r\n <h3>Glossary of Abbreviations You Must Know<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th>Abbr.<\/th><th>Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">A\/A & E\/S<\/td><td>Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">T\/S<\/td><td>Technical Sanction<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">PE \/ DE \/ DPR<\/td><td>Preliminary Estimate \/ Detailed Estimate \/ Detailed Project Report<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">NIT \/ NIQ<\/td><td>Notice Inviting Tender \/ Notice Inviting Quotations<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">EMD \/ PG<\/td><td>Earnest Money Deposit \/ Performance Guarantee<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">GCC<\/td><td>General Conditions of Contract<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">EPC<\/td><td>Engineering, Procurement and Construction<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">GeM \/ GFR<\/td><td>Government e-Marketplace \/ General Financial Rule<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">PFMS<\/td><td>Public Financial Management System<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">MB \/ MAS<\/td><td>Measurement Book \/ Material at Site<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CSSA<\/td><td>Cash Settlement Suspense Account<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">DC<\/td><td>Departmental Charges (agency charges levied by CPWD)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">SOR<\/td><td>Schedule of Rates<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">TPQA<\/td><td>Third Party Quality Assurance<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CTE<\/td><td>Chief Technical Examiner (technical wing of CVC)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">IEM<\/td><td>Independent External Monitor<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">DG \/ ADG \/ SDG<\/td><td>Director General \/ Additional DG \/ Special DG<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CE \/ SE \/ EE \/ AE \/ JE<\/td><td>Chief \/ Superintending \/ Executive \/ Assistant Engineer \/ Junior Engineer<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">E-in-C<\/td><td>Engineer-in-Charge<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CCA \/ PAO \/ DDO<\/td><td>Chief Controller of Accounts \/ Pay & Accounts Officer \/ Drawing & Disbursing Officer<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">MoHUA \/ MoUD<\/td><td>Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs \/ Ministry of Urban Development<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">PAC<\/td><td>Public Accounts Committee<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">A\/R & M\/O<\/td><td>Annual Repair and Maintenance Of<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c0-defs\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge gold\">§4<\/span>\r\n <h3>Key Definitions \u2014 exact wording examiners reward<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:26%;\">Term<\/th><th>Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">A\/A & E\/S<\/td><td>Communication of formal acceptance of the proposals by the competent authority of the requisitioning Administrative Ministry\/Department.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Technical Sanction<\/td><td>A certificate that the detailed estimate has been prepared and approved on the basis of a properly detailed design.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Preliminary Estimate<\/td><td>Estimate on a <strong>plinth-area cost basis<\/strong> (CPWD Plinth Area Rates) or any other method, without detailed items, for obtaining A\/A & E\/S.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Detailed Estimate<\/td><td>Complete estimate based on SOR rates for covered items and market rates for the rest, supported by detailed drawings and specifications.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Enabling \/ Rough Cost Estimate<\/td><td>Enabling = for pre-construction activities. Rough Cost = approximate cost on client request, with or without preliminary design.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Original Works<\/td><td>All new constructions, site preparation, additions\/alterations, special repairs to newly purchased\/abandoned buildings, including re-modelling or replacement.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Minor Works<\/td><td>Works that <strong>add capital value to existing assets but do not create new assets<\/strong> (treated as Original Works under Capital Head per GFR Rule 130).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Deposit Work<\/td><td>Construction\/repair financed from Govt grants to autonomous bodies via their Ministries, or from non-Government sources \u2014 funds of public nature not in Union accounts, or public contributions.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Emergent vs Urgent Works<\/td><td><strong>Emergent<\/strong>: arises suddenly, inescapable, brooks no delay. <strong>Urgent<\/strong>: needs fast start\/completion in a compressed schedule on top priority \u2014 <em>not at par with emergency works<\/em>; funds must be ensured first.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Extra Item \/ Substitute Item<\/td><td>Extra = completely new item in addition to the schedule. Substitute = executed in place of a scheduled item.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Contingencies<\/td><td>Estimate provision for unforeseen incidental expenses of miscellaneous character, contingent to completing the work.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Engineer-in-Charge<\/td><td>The officer (or representative) entering into the agreement with the contractor on behalf of the President of India.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Earnest Money<\/td><td>Security paid by a bidder against backing out before acceptance or refusing to execute after award.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"highlight-box\">\r\n <div class=\"hl-label\">⭐ Anchor facts to lock in<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"hl-text\">CPWD works \"for and on behalf of the <strong>President of India<\/strong>\" (Article 299(1)). The Preamble pledges <strong>Customer Satisfaction through Quality, Timely Delivery and Transparency<\/strong>, with Sustainable Development. The Manual's strapline \u2014 <strong>168 years of CPWD's dedicated service to the Nation<\/strong>.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"recap\" id=\"c0-recap\">\r\n <div class=\"recap-title\">⚡ Intro \u2014 Quick Recap<\/div>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Concept<\/th><th>Key Fact<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td>Launched \/ effective<\/td><td><strong>12 July 2022<\/strong> (CPWD Day), immediate effect; replaces 2019 Manual<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Published under<\/td><td>Authority of <strong>DG, CPWD<\/strong>; covers circulars 2019\u2013June 2022<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Manual vs SOP<\/td><td>Manual = <strong>mandate\/provisions<\/strong>; SOP = workflows<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Four Parts<\/td><td>I General \u00b7 II Construction \u00b7 III Maintenance \u00b7 IV Green<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Order of precedence<\/td><td>Acts\/GFR\/CVC > GCC (in contract mgmt) > Manual\/SOP<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Relaxation of SOP<\/td><td>By officer <strong>not below ADG\/SDG<\/strong>, recorded reasons<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Compendium of Powers<\/td><td>In <strong>SOP Annexure-66<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>PPR \/ presentation<\/td><td>PPR > <strong>Rs 10 Cr<\/strong>; presentation > <strong>Rs 100 Cr<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Green certification<\/td><td>GHAR Green-level mandatory \u2265 <strong>Rs 50 Cr<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"chapter-pane\" id=\"pane-ch1\" data-chapter=\"1\">\r\n\r\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\" id=\"c1-functions\">\r\n <span class=\"chapter-badge\">CH 1 \u00b7 PART I<\/span>\r\n <h2>General Provisions \u2014 Functions of CPWD<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"def-card\">\r\n <div class=\"def-label\">What this chapter does<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"def-text\">\r\n Chapter 1 opens <strong>Part I<\/strong> and sets the institutional frame: what CPWD does, the standard contract forms it uses, how works are funded, the <strong>Works Boards<\/strong> that approve tenders, and the special category of <strong>works of inescapable nature<\/strong> (emergent and urgent).\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>CPWD is the Central Government agency operating throughout the country for four functions:<\/p>\r\n <ol class=\"parts-list decimal\">\r\n <li><strong>Planning, construction, maintenance and repairs<\/strong> of all buildings and other works assigned by Central Government Ministries, Departments, PSUs, autonomous bodies and other organizations.<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>Valuation of properties\/assets<\/strong> when requested by statutory authorities such as Income Tax, ED, CBI.<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>Assessment of rent<\/strong> for hiring private properties and valuation for purchase by Ministries\/Departments.<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>Advising the Government of India<\/strong> on technical matters relating to public works.<\/li>\r\n <\/ol>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c1-forms\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge teal\">§1<\/span>\r\n <h3>Standard Forms of Contract (memorise the CPWD form numbers)<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:30%;\">Form<\/th><th>Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CPWD Form 7<\/td><td><strong>Percentage Rate Tender<\/strong> \u2014 rates quoted as % above\/below the estimated cost.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CPWD Form 8<\/td><td><strong>Item Rate Tender<\/strong> \u2014 rates against each item; used where most items are non-scheduled\/specialized.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CPWD Form 9<\/td><td><strong>Supply of materials<\/strong> \u2014 rates for supply of materials, raw or finished.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CPWD Form 10<\/td><td><strong>Piece Work<\/strong> \u2014 to start work in anticipation of formal acceptance; cancelled once regular contract is signed.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CPWD Form 11A<\/td><td><strong>Work Order<\/strong> \u2014 works awarded without call of tender; binds quantity and time.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CPWD Form 12<\/td><td><strong>Lump sum Contract<\/strong> \u2014 lump sum amount for given designs\/specifications\/functional requirements.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CPWD Form 47<\/td><td><strong>Demolition of Buildings<\/strong> \u2014 demolition and removal of debris.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Annual Rate Contract<\/td><td>For <strong>repetitive minor \/ A&A works<\/strong> needing immediate start and uniform rates; agencies fixed before the financial year.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">World Bank Documents<\/td><td>Standard WB bidding documents for WB-aided works; only work-specific changes acceptable to the Bank; \"Employer\"\/\"Engineer\" substituted with CPWD\/EE.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">EPC form<\/td><td>For EPC works \u2014 rates\/percentage on estimated cost per NIT conditions.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c1-funding\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge amber\">§2<\/span>\r\n <h3>Five Modes of Funding Works<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cat-grid\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-card a\"><div class=\"cat-label\">Mode 1<\/div><div class=\"cat-title\">Letter of Authorization<\/div><p>PAO of client department authorizes PAO of CPWD\/MoHUA to charge expenditure to the client's Heads of Account \u2014 used for inter-departmental fund transfer within GoI.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card b\"><div class=\"cat-label\">Mode 2<\/div><div class=\"cat-title\">Budgeted Works<\/div><p>Outlay from Union financial estimates, voted by both Houses, through MoHUA.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card c\"><div class=\"cat-label\">Mode 3<\/div><div class=\"cat-title\">Deposit<\/div><p>For works of State governments, local bodies, PSUs, autonomous organizations.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card d\"><div class=\"cat-label\">Mode 4<\/div><div class=\"cat-title\">CSSA<\/div><p>Cash Settlement Suspense Account \u2014 for Cabinet Secretariat and Ministry of Defence works; expenditure first booked in suspense, then billed to client; LOC given by CCA against client assurances.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card e\"><div class=\"cat-label\">Mode 5<\/div><div class=\"cat-title\">Foreign Funding<\/div><p>Project executed in India but completely funded by foreign countries.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c1-boards\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge purple\">§3<\/span>\r\n <h3>Central & Regional Works Boards<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cat-grid\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-card a\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-label\">For approval of tenders & misc. matters<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-title\">Central Works Board<\/div>\r\n <p>Chairman + four Members. <strong>DG, CPWD = Chairman<\/strong>; Members are Director (Works) MoHUA, CCA MoHUA, and CE CSQ (Civil). <strong>Director (Finance), CPWD = Secretary<\/strong>. May co-opt experts\/Department reps for specialized projects (aviation, factory works).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card b\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-label\">Within territorial jurisdiction of SDG<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-title\">Regional Works Board (RWB)<\/div>\r\n <p>Chairman + three Members. <strong>Special DG concerned = Chairman<\/strong>; ADG of region and Director(Finance)\/CCA representative as Members; concerned CE\/SE presents the case. <strong>CE(W&TLQA) = Member Secretary.<\/strong> May co-opt the client representative.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c1-inescapable\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge red\">§4<\/span>\r\n <h3>Works of Inescapable Nature \u2014 Emergent & Urgent<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout red\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Emergent Works<\/div>\r\n <p>Works arising <strong>all of a sudden<\/strong>, of inescapable nature, brooking no delay \u2014 natural calamities (earthquake, flood, etc.), explosions\/fire\/war\/terror attack, restoration of essential services, ceremonial functions on death of President\/VP\/PM (and ex-holders), restoration in buildings of national importance, critical hospital services, and any work declared emergent by the CE (or next authority). The competent authority (<strong>CE\/ADG\/SDG<\/strong>) must record a certificate that the work (a) arose suddenly and (b) is inescapable, brooking no delay. Executed <strong>without call of tenders<\/strong> via work order or hand receipt after <strong>spot quotations collected by officers not below AE\/AEE<\/strong>. <em>Normal works needing a compressed schedule are NOT emergent.<\/em><\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Urgent Works<\/div>\r\n <p><strong>Not at par with emergency works.<\/strong> Need early start\/completion in a compressed schedule on top priority; <strong>availability of funds must be ensured first<\/strong>. E-in-C assesses urgency. Work orders normally placed after open call of quotations (web publicity) for works <strong>up to Rs 5 lakh<\/strong>; works <strong>above Rs 5 lakh<\/strong> go through e-tendering. In exigencies, spot quotations with recorded reasons. Details of both emergent and urgent works are compiled <strong>quarterly<\/strong> by each circle\/zone (SE\/CE) and submitted to ADG\/SDG.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>For any clarification or amendment, technical\/engineering matters go to <strong>DG, CPWD<\/strong> (Technical Adviser to GoI); financial-policy or delegation matters go to <strong>MoHUA<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"recap\" id=\"c1-recap\">\r\n <div class=\"recap-title\">⚡ Chapter 1 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/div>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Concept<\/th><th>Key Fact<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td>CPWD functions<\/td><td>Construction\/maintenance \u00b7 valuation \u00b7 rent assessment \u00b7 technical advice<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Form 7 \/ 8<\/td><td>Percentage Rate \/ Item Rate Tender<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Form 11A \/ 12 \/ 47<\/td><td>Work Order \/ Lump sum \/ Demolition<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Funding modes<\/td><td>Letter of Authorization \u00b7 Budgeted \u00b7 Deposit \u00b7 <strong>CSSA<\/strong> \u00b7 Foreign<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Central Works Board chair<\/td><td><strong>DG, CPWD<\/strong>; Secretary = Director(Finance)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>RWB chair \/ Member Secy<\/td><td>Special DG \/ CE(W&TLQA)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Emergent certificate by<\/td><td>CE\/ADG\/SDG (sudden + inescapable)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Spot quotations by<\/td><td>Officers <strong>not below AE\/AEE<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Urgent works web threshold<\/td><td>Up to <strong>Rs 5 lakh<\/strong> quotations; above \u2192 e-tender<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Clarifications<\/td><td>Technical \u2192 DG CPWD \u00b7 Financial \u2192 MoHUA<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"chapter-pane\" id=\"pane-ch2\" data-chapter=\"2\">\r\n\r\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\" id=\"c2-docs\">\r\n <span class=\"chapter-badge\">CH 2 \u00b7 PART I<\/span>\r\n <h2>Budget & Reconciliation of Accounts<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"def-card\">\r\n <div class=\"def-label\">What this chapter does<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"def-text\">\r\n Chapter 2 is the accounts-and-budget heart of Part I: the mandatory documents of accounts, the budget machinery (Consolidated Fund, demands for grants, New Service), surrender of savings, supplementary demands, appropriation\/re-appropriation, reconciliation, and the audit framework with the <strong>Public Accounts Committee (PAC)<\/strong>.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h4>The five mandatory documents of accounts (per CPWD Accounts Code & O\/o CCA, MoHUA)<\/h4>\r\n <div class=\"cat-grid\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-card a\"><div class=\"cat-title\">Bills Register<\/div><p>Record of bills.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card b\"><div class=\"cat-title\">Contractor's Ledger<\/div><p>Account of each contractor.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card c\"><div class=\"cat-title\">Register of Works<\/div><p>Work-wise expenditure record.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card d\"><div class=\"cat-title\">Materials Account<\/div><p>Account of materials.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card e\"><div class=\"cat-title\">Cash Book<\/div><p>Record of cash transactions.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Budget basics<\/div>\r\n <p>The Budget is the <strong>Annual Financial Statement<\/strong> of all Central Government transactions (in and outside India) for the current and ensuing year; instructions come from the <strong>Budget Division, Ministry of Finance<\/strong>. The <strong>Director General is the budget authority<\/strong> for all CPWD budget proposals to MoHUA. Losses of Government assets follow <strong>GFR 2017<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c2-cfi\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge amber\">§1<\/span>\r\n <h3>Consolidated Fund, New Service & Charged Expenditure<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"def-card\">\r\n <div class=\"def-label\">Consolidated Fund of India<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"def-text\">\r\n Formed by all revenues received, loans raised, and recoveries of loans. All expenditure is met from it, as authorised by the legislature. All Parliamentary appropriations <strong>expire at the end of the financial year<\/strong> \u2014 unutilized funds <strong>\"lapse\"<\/strong> and cannot be carried over.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">New Service vs New Instrument of Service<\/div>\r\n <p><strong>\"New Service\"<\/strong> = expenditure from a new policy decision not earlier brought to Parliament. <strong>\"New Instrument of Service\"<\/strong> = relatively large expenditure from important expansion of an existing activity. <strong>Neither can be incurred from the Consolidated Fund without prior Parliamentary approval through a Supplementary Grant.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Charged expenditure \u2014 the key carve-outs<\/div>\r\n <p>Court-decree satisfaction on budgeted works is generally <strong>Charged<\/strong>. But payments are <strong>NOT<\/strong> treated as Charged when they are: awards under the <strong>Land Acquisition Act<\/strong>, compensation under the <strong>Workmen's Compensation Act 1923<\/strong>, arbitrator awards under the <strong>Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996<\/strong>, awards under the <strong>Industrial Disputes Act 1947<\/strong> (all paid from the <strong>Voted<\/strong> portion), and refunds of revenue\/security deposits in Public Accounts. A forfeited deposit refund <em>is<\/em> Charged. For deposit works, awards are charged to the work in all cases.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">📅 Budget calendar dates to lock<\/div>\r\n <p>New construction proposals (projects other than MoHUA) sent by CE\/Budgetary Head to Director(Fin), CPWD by <strong>31 August<\/strong>; Director(Finance) forwards findings to MoHUA by <strong>30 September<\/strong>. Revenue estimates submitted to CCA, MoHUA by <strong>30 November<\/strong>. Form-8 statement of excesses\/savings submitted to the Ministry by <strong>end December<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c2-savings\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge red\">§2<\/span>\r\n <h3>Savings, Excesses & Supplementary Demands<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Surrender of savings (Rule 62, GFR 2017)<\/div>\r\n <p>Anticipated savings must be surrendered <strong>sufficiently in advance<\/strong> of year-end, as soon as foreseen \u2014 <strong>not held in reserve for future excesses<\/strong>. Savings arise from postponement of expenditure, economy, or original over-estimating.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>Where authorized appropriation is insufficient or a new service arises mid-year, a <strong>Supplementary Demands for Grants<\/strong> proposal goes to Parliament. If money is spent in excess of the granted amount, the demand for that excess is laid before both Houses for authorization (subject to the PAC report). Under <strong>Rule 66, GFR<\/strong>, if savings aren't available within the grant or the expenditure is on New Service, a Supplementary Grant\/Appropriation under <strong>Article 115(1)<\/strong> of the Constitution is needed before payment.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"highlight-box\">\r\n <div class=\"hl-label\">📊 The expenditure-pace rule (high-yield)<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"hl-text\">Per MoF guidelines, <strong>last-quarter expenditure should not exceed 33% of BE<\/strong>, and <strong>March expenditure should not exceed 15%<\/strong>. Rush of expenditure in any month must be avoided. A quarterly expenditure review runs until end-September, then monthly until February.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c2-approp\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge teal\">§3<\/span>\r\n <h3>Appropriation Account & Re-appropriation<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>The <strong>Appropriation Account<\/strong> compares total grants (original + supplementary) with actual expenditure, explaining variations (excess or saving) under each sub-head. Reasons for variation are required when, broadly, the <strong>excess exceeds 10%<\/strong> of the total sanctioned provision or the <strong>saving exceeds 10%<\/strong> of the original\/supplementary provision (or as prescribed, whichever is higher).<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Re-appropriation<\/div>\r\n <p>A transfer of funds from one primary unit of appropriation to another, sanctioned only by the competent authority under <strong>DFPR<\/strong> (and <strong>Rule 65, GFR 2017<\/strong>). Transfer <em>within<\/em> one primary unit across two or more Zones is <strong>not<\/strong> re-appropriation (Appropriation Accounts are prepared on total grant per primary unit across all Zones). Re-appropriation orders increasing a sub-head beyond the prescribed limit are reported to Parliament with the final Supplementary Demands batch.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p><strong>Reconciliation:<\/strong> Budget controlling authorities and the concerned DDO\/Divisional Officer\/AAO are jointly responsible for reconciling departmental figures with PAO books \u2014 done <strong>monthly<\/strong>, initial responsibility with the Accounts Officer. CEs\/DG maintain consolidated Zone-wise, grant-wise records in <strong>Form GFR 12<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c2-audit\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge purple\">§4<\/span>\r\n <h3>Audit, Audit Committees & the PAC<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>Under <strong>Departmentalization of Accounts<\/strong>, the Chief Accounting Authority (<strong>Secretary<\/strong>) is responsible for monthly\/annual accounts; CCA, MoHUA prepares the audited Appropriation Accounts and submits them to the <strong>CGA, Ministry of Finance<\/strong>. <strong>Internal Audit<\/strong> of Divisions\/Offices is done by the <strong>CCA office<\/strong>; <strong>External Audit<\/strong> by the <strong>CAG office<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th>Audit Committee<\/th><th>Chairman<\/th><th>Meets<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Central Audit Committee<\/td><td>DG, CPWD<\/td><td><strong>Half-yearly<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Regional Audit Committee<\/td><td>SDG\/ADG of Project Region\/Region<\/td><td><strong>Quarterly<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Zonal\/Circle Audit Committee<\/td><td>CE\/SE of the Zone\/Circle<\/td><td><strong>Monthly<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Public Accounts Committee (PAC)<\/div>\r\n <p>A \"miniature Parliament\" with Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha representatives. The <strong>Secretary<\/strong> represents the Government in PAC meetings; <strong>DG (CPWD)<\/strong> and SDG\/ADG\/CE assist with information. The PAC satisfies itself that disbursed amounts were legally available, expenditure conformed to authority, and every re-appropriation followed the rules.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"recap\" id=\"c2-recap\">\r\n <div class=\"recap-title\">⚡ Chapter 2 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/div>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Concept<\/th><th>Key Fact<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td>5 accounts documents<\/td><td>Bills Register \u00b7 Contractor's Ledger \u00b7 Register of Works \u00b7 Materials Account \u00b7 Cash Book<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Budget authority<\/td><td><strong>Director General, CPWD<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Unspent funds<\/td><td><strong>Lapse<\/strong> at year-end (Consolidated Fund)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>New Service\/Instrument<\/td><td>Needs prior Parliament approval (Supplementary Grant)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Supplementary Grant article<\/td><td><strong>Article 115(1)<\/strong>; GFR Rule 66<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Surrender of savings<\/td><td>GFR <strong>Rule 62<\/strong>; not held in reserve<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Expenditure pace<\/td><td>Last quarter \u2264 <strong>33% BE<\/strong>; March \u2264 <strong>15%<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Re-appropriation<\/td><td>GFR <strong>Rule 65<\/strong> \/ DFPR; reconciliation monthly (Form GFR 12)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Internal \/ External audit<\/td><td><strong>CCA<\/strong> office \/ <strong>CAG<\/strong> office<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Audit Committees meet<\/td><td>Central half-yearly \u00b7 Regional quarterly \u00b7 Zonal\/Circle monthly<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>PAC represented by<\/td><td><strong>Secretary<\/strong>; DG & SDG\/ADG\/CE assist<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"chapter-pane\" id=\"pane-ch3\" data-chapter=\"3\">\r\n\r\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\" id=\"c3-class\">\r\n <span class=\"chapter-badge\">CH 3 \u00b7 PART II<\/span>\r\n <h2>Construction \u2014 General Provisions & Pre-construction<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"def-card\">\r\n <div class=\"def-label\">What this chapter does<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"def-text\">\r\n Chapter 3 opens <strong>Part II (Construction)<\/strong> and walks the pre-construction chain: classifying construction works, preparing the estimate ladder (PE \u2192 DPR\/DE), according <strong>A\/A & E\/S<\/strong> and <strong>Technical Sanction<\/strong>, contingencies, Departmental Charges, the Schedule of Rates, plus the special rules for <strong>Deposit<\/strong> and <strong>Specialized<\/strong> works.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p><strong>Construction works<\/strong> are all new constructions, rehabilitation and seismic retrofitting works, charged to capital heads. All pre-construction activities are coordinated by the <strong>T\/S Authority<\/strong> (the officer under whose T\/S powers the A\/A & E\/S amount is expected to fall).<\/p>\r\n\r\n <h4>The estimate & sanction chain<\/h4>\r\n <div class=\"flow\">\r\n <div class=\"flow-step\"><div class=\"flow-num\">1<\/div><div class=\"flow-content\"><h5>Client requisition \u2192 PE \/ Enabling \/ Rough Cost Estimate<\/h5><p>Prepared and submitted to the client for A\/A & E\/S. An MoU may be signed (magnitude notified by Directorate); if no MoU, its provisions are written into the PE.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"flow-step\"><div class=\"flow-num\">2<\/div><div class=\"flow-content\"><h5>DPR \/ Detailed Estimate<\/h5><p>DPR if the client needs it for A\/A & E\/S. On receipt of A\/A & E\/S, the DE is prepared after ensuring an encumbrance-free site.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"flow-step\"><div class=\"flow-num\">3<\/div><div class=\"flow-content\"><h5>A\/A & E\/S accorded<\/h5><p>By the competent authority of the Administrative Ministry\/Department\/Client, on the basis of PE\/DPR.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"flow-step\"><div class=\"flow-num\">4<\/div><div class=\"flow-content\"><h5>Technical Sanction accorded<\/h5><p>Before inviting tenders (for percentage\/item rate tenders), then NIT and award.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c3-aaes\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge teal\">§1<\/span>\r\n <h3>A\/A & E\/S and Technical Sanction<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">What a Technical Sanction comprises<\/div>\r\n <p>For percentage\/item rate tenders, the T\/S (issued <strong>before inviting tenders<\/strong>) consists of: T\/S Memo; A\/A & E\/S Memo\/Order; Detailed Estimate, detailed architectural drawings & specifications; Geotechnical Investigation Report; structural drawings for the foundation and preliminary structural drawings of the superstructure; and preliminary drawings for internal\/external services.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">The \"Design and Construct\"\/EPC exception<\/div>\r\n <p>For \"Design and Construct\"\/EPC contracts, <strong>Technical Sanction per the CPW Departmental Code is NOT applicable<\/strong> \u2014 the contractor takes full responsibility for design and execution. Scope, specifications, approved conceptual drawings and schedule of quantities are kept on record. <strong>Revised T\/S is required only on deviation in scope of work due to structural requirements.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>A T\/S Authority may <strong>combine<\/strong> sanctions for the same work into a single T\/S (provided the total falls within his competence), or <strong>split<\/strong> a sanction within his competence with recorded reasons. Government buildings are exempt from municipal bye-laws under <strong>Section 3, Government Buildings Act 1899<\/strong> \u2014 no approval of architectural drawings from local bodies, though the E-in-C must give notice before erection.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c3-sor\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge amber\">§2<\/span>\r\n <h3>Contingencies, Departmental Charges & SOR<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cat-grid\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-card a\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-label\">Provision in estimate<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-title\">Contingencies<\/div>\r\n <p>The T\/S Authority (after client approval) has full powers, up to tender acceptance limits, to execute smaller works cropping up during execution. Usable for site office, watch & ward, surveying, material testing, estimating, structural designing, architectural drawings, models, and hiring an inspection vehicle.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card c\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-label\">Agency charges by CPWD<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-title\">Departmental Charges (DC)<\/div>\r\n <p><strong>No DC for Government works.<\/strong> Levied for Private Organizations, Local bodies and PSUs (rates in SOP Annexure-5). No DC if a GoI organization's regularly-entrusted project doesn't take off even after plans\/estimates. For deposit works, E-in-C takes a funding certificate from the client.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Schedule of Rates (SOR) & Cost Index<\/div>\r\n <p>SOR for Delhi issued by <strong>DG, CPWD<\/strong>; SDGs issue SOR for their project regions. SORs are <strong>ordinarily revised once in two years<\/strong>. Cost index for Delhi issued by <strong>CE(CSQ) Civil<\/strong>; for other places by ADG \u2014 issued as on <strong>1 April and 1 October<\/strong> every year.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c3-deposit\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge purple\">§3<\/span>\r\n <h3>Deposit Works & Specialized Works<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Deposit Works<\/div>\r\n <p>CPWD officers have full powers to undertake deposit works up to their delegated T\/S powers (for works fully funded by Central\/State Govt., including PSUs and Govt-funded institutions). Before accepting any deposit, the competent officer sends the PE to the client. Scope must not be altered without the client's <strong>written permission<\/strong>. An <strong>MoU (SOP Annexure-4)<\/strong> is drawn before taking up the work; a combined MoU can cover multiple small works under one client.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Specialized Works<\/div>\r\n <p>Tenders for <strong>all<\/strong> specialized works are invited in <strong>Two\/Three Bid system<\/strong> from specialized agencies, CPWD and Non-CPWD contractors meeting eligibility. ADG\/SDG can declare any work specialized for their region (uploaded on CPWD website). Specialized E&M systems (Lifts, HVAC, DG sets, fire alarm, sub-station, wet riser & sprinkler) for MoHUA budgeted works should carry a <strong>5-year maintenance\/operation provision<\/strong>. On completion, the main agreement is closed and a <strong>supplementary agreement<\/strong> drawn for maintenance\/operation.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c3-excess\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge red\">§4<\/span>\r\n <h3>Excess Over A\/A & E\/S<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:42%;\">Situation<\/th><th>Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Deposit works & works on letter of authorization<\/td><td>Revised estimate submitted for expenditure in excess of <strong>10% of A\/A & E\/S<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Any work \u2014 general rule<\/td><td><strong>No excess over A\/A & E\/S without client approval<\/strong>; client informed and approval taken before incurring; revised PE submitted in time.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">MoHUA budgetary works<\/td><td>Excess <strong>up to 10%<\/strong> of A\/A & E\/S may be authorized by CPWD officers, provided the total (incl. excess) is within the officer's power to accord T\/S.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"recap\" id=\"c3-recap\">\r\n <div class=\"recap-title\">⚡ Chapter 3 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/div>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Concept<\/th><th>Key Fact<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td>Estimate ladder<\/td><td>PE\/Enabling\/Rough Cost \u2192 DPR\/DE \u2192 A\/A&E\/S \u2192 T\/S \u2192 NIT<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Pre-construction coordinated by<\/td><td><strong>T\/S Authority<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>T\/S issued<\/td><td><strong>Before inviting tenders<\/strong> (percentage\/item rate)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>EPC \/ Design & Construct<\/td><td><strong>No T\/S<\/strong>; revised T\/S only on structural scope deviation<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Govt buildings & bye-laws<\/td><td>Exempt \u2014 <strong>Section 3, Government Buildings Act 1899<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Departmental Charges<\/td><td><strong>None for Govt works<\/strong>; levied on Private\/Local body\/PSU<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>SOR revision<\/td><td>Once in <strong>two years<\/strong>; cost index on 1 Apr & 1 Oct<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Specialized works tendering<\/td><td>Always <strong>Two\/Three Bid<\/strong>; 5-yr maint. for E&M systems<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Excess (MoHUA budgetary)<\/td><td>Up to <strong>10%<\/strong> of A\/A & E\/S, within T\/S power<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"chapter-pane\" id=\"pane-ch4\" data-chapter=\"4\">\r\n\r\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\" id=\"c4-without\">\r\n <span class=\"chapter-badge\">CH 4 \u00b7 PART II<\/span>\r\n <h2>Modes of Bidding System<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"def-card\">\r\n <div class=\"def-label\">What this chapter does<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"def-text\">\r\n Chapter 4 covers how work is awarded: without call of tenders, the price-preference schemes for labour co-ops and SC\/ST contractors, mandatory <strong>e-tendering<\/strong>, the types of tenders (restricted, composite, two\/three-bid, GTE), <strong>EPC contracts<\/strong> and the SPV, and the rules for the NIT, its publicity and validity.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>Work awarded <strong>after call of quotations<\/strong> is construed as awarded without call of tenders. Normally tenders are called for all works; precise reasons must be recorded by the E-in-C before dispensing with the call.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c4-scst\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge teal\">§1<\/span>\r\n <h3>Labour Co-operatives & SC\/ST Price Preference<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Registered Labour Co-operative Societies<\/div>\r\n <p>Works up to the fixed limit awarded at current market rates without call of tenders. <strong>EMD exempted up to Rs 3 lakh<\/strong> (Security Deposit still deducted from bills). Monthly running payments if work executed > <strong>Rs 50,000<\/strong>. Such works don't count toward the annual ceiling for work orders.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:34%;\">SC\/ST contractor band<\/th><th>Concession<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Up to Rs 2.50 lakh<\/td><td>Price preference up to <strong>5%<\/strong> (vs lowest valid bid); tenders even from non-registered contractors; <strong>no earnest money<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">> Rs 2.50 lakh and up to Rs 5.75 lakh<\/td><td>Price preference up to <strong>5%<\/strong>; only registered contractors; earnest money at a reduced rate of <strong>\u00bd%<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <p>The 5% preference is computed on the lowest valid tenderer's quoted amount, and is subject to justification of rates (Para 5.1.6). These concessions were admissible up to <strong>31.12.2023<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c4-etender\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge amber\">§2<\/span>\r\n <h3>E-Tendering & Types of Tenders<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">E-Tendering (Rules 159 & 160, GFR 2017)<\/div>\r\n <p>Mandatory to e-publish all tender enquiries, RFPs, EOIs, pre-qualification notices and bid awards on the <strong>Central Public Procurement Portal (CPPP)<\/strong> and the Department's website, and to receive all bids through e-procurement portals. The CPWD platform is <strong>https:\/\/etender.cpwd.gov.in<\/strong> (linked to eprocure.gov.in). Cases requiring confidentiality for national security are exempted, approved by the <strong>Secretary with the Financial Adviser's concurrence<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:28%;\">Type<\/th><th>Essence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Restricted Tenders<\/td><td>Any value, with prior competent-authority approval and recorded reasons. Tenders from CPWD-registered contractors or via two\/three-bid are <strong>not<\/strong> restricted tenders.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Composite Tenders<\/td><td>Followed for <strong>all building and road works (irrespective of cost)<\/strong> \u2014 civil + horticulture + internal\/external electrical and services. T\/S Authority may dispense with recorded reasons.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Two Bid System<\/td><td>Bid-1 = Technical-cum-eligibility; Bid-2 = Financial.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Three Bid System<\/td><td>Bid-1 Eligibility; Bid-2 Technical specifications; Bid-3 Financial \u2014 where specs are finalized from bidder details.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Global Tender Enquiry (GTE)<\/td><td><strong>No GTE for tenders up to Rs 200 Cr<\/strong> (per MoF amendment to GFR Rule 161(iv)). Below this, exceptional GTE needs prior approval of Secretary (Coordination), Cabinet Secretariat.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Pre-bid conference & manual tendering<\/div>\r\n <p>A <strong>pre-bid conference<\/strong> clarifies doubts before submission; corrigenda go on the e-portal; it may be held more than once for complex works. <strong>Manual tendering<\/strong> is only an exceptional, recorded-reasons fallback.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c4-epc\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge purple\">§3<\/span>\r\n <h3>EPC Contracts & the Special Purpose Vehicle<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>Following the CCEA decision (NITI Aayog OM, 5 Sept 2016) to substitute item-rate contracts with EPC (Turnkey) where appropriate, the cut-off above which contracts are taken up on EPC methodology is <strong>Rs 100 Cr<\/strong>. Three modes exist, ranked by preference:<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cat-grid three\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-card a\"><span class=\"cat-badge\">I<\/span><div class=\"cat-title\">Mode I \u2014 Preferred<\/div><p>Engineering, Procurement & Construction fully contracted; <strong>conceptual drawings by CPWD Architects<\/strong>. Technology Neutral.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card b\"><span class=\"cat-badge\">II<\/span><div class=\"cat-title\">Mode II \u2014 Second<\/div><p>Architectural planning by CPWD\/Client architects; EPC contractor does E, P & C on that planning. Technology Neutral.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card c\"><span class=\"cat-badge\">III<\/span><div class=\"cat-title\">Mode III \u2014 Third<\/div><p>Architectural designs & engineering done in-house by CPWD\/consultant; EPC contractor executes. <strong>Technology Pre-Selected.<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">When Mode III may be used<\/div>\r\n <p>Only if: (a) client resolves for a particular technology, (b) client has finalized all drawings, or (c) functional\/site requirement demands. Pre-selection needs <strong>prior ADG\/SDG approval<\/strong> with justification. Estimated cost worked out on <strong>CPWD plinth-area rates<\/strong> with cost index; reasonableness of the L1 bid checked by CE\/NIT approving authority. Responsibility for investigation, design, planning, procurement, construction, safety, quality and risk lies with the <strong>contractor<\/strong>; soil report appended for indicative purpose only.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)<\/div>\r\n <p>On MoHUA\/Ministry requirement, DG CPWD may take up works on \"Alternate Mode\" funding via an <strong>SPV under the Company Act<\/strong> (after MoHUA approval), staffed by CPWD officers and <strong>governed by CVC and CAG rules<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c4-nit\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge red\">§4<\/span>\r\n <h3>NIT, Publicity & Validity<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>All tenders are invited <strong>\"For & on behalf of the President of India\"<\/strong>. The estimated cost put to tender is based on the rates in the T\/S. Before NIT approval, the checklist includes A\/A & E\/S (except emergent works), site availability, statutory clearances, T\/S (except Design-and-Build\/EPC & emergent works) and funds availability. <strong>Testing charges (incl. packaging, transport, testing) are borne by the contractor.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:46%;\">Bidding limit<\/th><th>System<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Up to max tendering limit of CPWD Class-I (B&R) contractors<\/td><td><strong>Single Bid<\/strong> (T\/S Authority may opt for Two\/Three Bid with recorded reasons + CE approval).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Above that limit<\/td><td><strong>Two\/Three Bid System.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">📅 Publicity & validity timelines<\/div>\r\n <p>Publicity period: <strong>7 days<\/strong> for works up to Rs 5 Cr; <strong>14 days<\/strong> for works > Rs 5 Cr (variable with recorded reasons, but never below <strong>3 days<\/strong>; corrigendum needs min 3 days). <strong>Validity:<\/strong> <strong>30 days<\/strong> from last date of receipt where only financial bids are invited; <strong>75 days<\/strong> from last date of technical bid in all other cases. The <strong>Executive Engineer<\/strong> is responsible for keeping validity alive.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>If no response or unreasonably high rates: open to next lower class (incl. Railways\/MES\/State PWD contractors) and\/or modify eligibility, after ADG\/SDG approval. If the lowest bidder backs out, re-tender transparently \u2014 and the backed-out contractor <strong>cannot participate<\/strong> in re-tendering.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"recap\" id=\"c4-recap\">\r\n <div class=\"recap-title\">⚡ Chapter 4 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/div>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Concept<\/th><th>Key Fact<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td>Labour co-op EMD exemption<\/td><td>Up to <strong>Rs 3 lakh<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>SC\/ST price preference<\/td><td><strong>5%<\/strong>; no EMD \u2264 Rs 2.5 L, \u00bd% EMD up to Rs 5.75 L<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>E-tendering rules<\/td><td>GFR <strong>159 & 160<\/strong>; CPPP + etender.cpwd.gov.in<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Composite tenders<\/td><td>All building & road works (any cost)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>GTE threshold<\/td><td>No GTE up to <strong>Rs 200 Cr<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>EPC cut-off<\/td><td><strong>Rs 100 Cr<\/strong>; Mode I preferred \u2192 II \u2192 III<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>SPV governed by<\/td><td>Company Act; <strong>CVC & CAG<\/strong> rules<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Tenders invited on behalf of<\/td><td><strong>President of India<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Publicity<\/td><td>7 days \u2264 Rs 5 Cr \u00b7 14 days > Rs 5 Cr \u00b7 min 3 days<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Validity<\/td><td><strong>30 days<\/strong> (financial only) \/ <strong>75 days<\/strong> (others)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Testing charges<\/td><td>Borne by <strong>contractor<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"chapter-pane\" id=\"pane-ch5\" data-chapter=\"5\">\r\n\r\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\" id=\"c5-emd\">\r\n <span class=\"chapter-badge\">CH 5 \u00b7 PART II<\/span>\r\n <h2>Contract Management<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"def-card\">\r\n <div class=\"def-label\">What this chapter does<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"def-text\">\r\n Chapter 5 is the longest and most number-heavy chapter: earnest money and its forfeiture, performance guarantee, security deposit, execution and quality of work, advances, extra\/deviation items, measurement, completion certificates, the payment schedule, and arbitration\/litigation. All contracts are executed by the E-in-C <strong>\"for and on behalf of the President of India\" (Article 299(1))<\/strong>.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Essential contract rules<\/div>\r\n <p>Standard forms adopted as far as possible; no work commenced without prior execution of contract (Indian Contract Act); terms once entered <strong>not materially varied<\/strong>; no uncertain\/indefinite liability without prior MoF consent. <strong>Integrity Pact<\/strong> provision in GCC, with <strong>IEM<\/strong> oversight (CVC Circular 05\/01\/22 dated 25.01.2022). Once a contract is determined, <strong>no revocation<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c5-emd2\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge teal\">§1<\/span>\r\n <h3>Earnest Money & Acceptance of Tenders<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:46%;\">Estimated cost band<\/th><th>Earnest Money<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Up to Rs 10 crore<\/td><td><strong>2%<\/strong> of the estimated cost.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">More than Rs 10 crore<\/td><td><strong>Rs 20 lakh + 1%<\/strong> of estimated cost put to tender in excess of Rs 10 crore.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Petty works \u2264 Rs 25,000<\/td><td>EE may, at discretion, dispense with EMD.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">EMD validity, refund & forfeiture<\/div>\r\n <p>BG as EMD valid <strong>90 days<\/strong> (financial bids only) \/ <strong>180 days<\/strong> (two\/three-bid) from submission. EMD of all but the lowest bidder refunded after bid validity or on acceptance of the successful bidder (whichever earlier); for two\/three-bid, technically-failed bidders refunded within <strong>30 days<\/strong> of technical result. Forfeiture: withdrawal\/modification <strong>within 7 days<\/strong> of last submission \u2192 forfeit <strong>50%<\/strong>; <strong>after 7 days<\/strong> \u2192 forfeit <strong>100%<\/strong>; failure to furnish PG \u2192 EMD <strong>fully forfeited automatically<\/strong> without notice. In all forfeiture cases the bidder is barred from re-tendering.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Justification & negotiation<\/div>\r\n <p>Justification of tenders is prepared by the E-in-C <strong>before opening Financial Bids<\/strong>, on market rates of material\/labour at site on the last day of receipt. Negotiations are <strong>not normally conducted<\/strong>; if necessary, restricted to the <strong>lowest bidder only<\/strong> in exceptional circumstances with the next higher authority's approval and recorded convincing reasons.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c5-pg\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge amber\">§2<\/span>\r\n <h3>Performance Guarantee, Security Deposit & Agreement<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Performance Guarantee (PG)<\/div>\r\n <p><strong>5% of the contract amount<\/strong>, valid for a minimum of <strong>60 days beyond completion<\/strong> of all contractual obligations. Submitted within (max) <strong>7 days of the Letter of Intent<\/strong>; extendable by another 7 days with per-day interest. For supplementary agreements, fresh PG @ 5% of that amount. <strong>EMD refunded on receipt of PG.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p><strong>Date of start:<\/strong> 3\u201310 days from issue of Letter of Intent (decided by NIT approving authority); commencement letter issued <strong>only after PG submitted<\/strong>. <strong>Security Deposit<\/strong> is deducted from running and final bills per GCC; agreement pages signed by E-in-C and contractor; the agreement record kept in <strong>Form CPWD 42<\/strong>; E-in-C is responsible for safe custody. Bank guarantees (EMD\/PG\/SD\/mobilization\/milestone) must be effectively monitored.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c5-exec\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge purple\">§3<\/span>\r\n <h3>Execution, Quality & Advances<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Responsibility for quality<\/div>\r\n <p>The officer who records\/test-checks measurements is responsible for the quality, quantity and dimensional accuracy of that item. <strong>The Engineer-in-Charge is responsible for the overall quality of work.<\/strong> Where TPQA is deployed, SE\/CE monitor compliance with TPQA observations. A <strong>QR-code<\/strong> with work details is displayed on site for public access.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:30%;\">Advance<\/th><th>Essence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Mobilization Advance<\/td><td>For specialized\/capital-intensive works; provision kept in tender per GCC; applicability indicated in Schedule 'F'.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Plant, Machinery & Shuttering Advance<\/td><td>For capital-intensive works, per GCC; applicability in Schedule 'F'.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Secured Advance<\/td><td>On materials brought to site, for a completed-item contract. Stage payments (E&M\/specialized) are <strong>not<\/strong> secured advance.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c5-ei\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge red\">§4<\/span>\r\n <h3>Extra\/Deviation Items & Measurement<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p><strong>Extra items<\/strong> are not in the agreement but needed to complete the work; <strong>deviation<\/strong> is increase\/decrease in agreement quantities. Rates worked out per <strong>Clause 12 of GCC<\/strong>. Deviation\/extra items are used <strong>exclusively for that work<\/strong>; total expenditure must not exceed A\/A & E\/S (except MoHUA budgetary works, where \u2264 10% over A\/A & E\/S). Casual reasons like \"required at site\" are not acceptable.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">⏱️ Time limits for sanction of extra\/deviation items<\/div>\r\n <p><strong>E-in-C within own competency:<\/strong> 30 days. <strong>Higher authority:<\/strong> submission by E-in-C 15 days \u2192 processing by planning unit next 15 days \u2192 decision next 15 days (7 days each where more than one higher authority). If the contractor submits no claim in the GCC period, the E-in-C initiates the item, intimating that no later claim will be entertained.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>All measurements are done per GCC and entered through the <strong>PFMS e-MB module<\/strong>. Inadmissible items claimed are recorded \"without prejudice\" for record only. Advance payments can be made on a running-account bill (Form CPWA 26) for work done\/measured-or-not-measured on the contractor's application. Sub-standard work is accepted (at reduced rates) only where conforming materials are unavailable, re-doing is structurally impossible, or CE\/SE finds it expedient.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Documentation of hindrances (online module)<\/div>\r\n <p>The physical Hindrance Register is <strong>dispensed with for works whose NIQ\/NIT was uploaded on\/after 19.02.2019<\/strong>. Contractor registers a hindrance online; JEs\/AEs comment within <strong>2 days<\/strong>, then EE acts within the next <strong>2 days<\/strong>. On a Clause-5.2 notice, the E-in-C replies <strong>within 10 days<\/strong>. All correspondence is considered for EOT\/rescheduling of milestones.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c5-completion\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge teal\">§5<\/span>\r\n <h3>Completion, Payment & Arbitration<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:46%;\">Completion certificate authority<\/th><th>Recorded by<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Building\/infrastructure \u2264 Rs 10 Cr<\/td><td>EE<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Building\/infrastructure > Rs 10 Cr<\/td><td>EE and SE or CE<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Horticulture \u2264 Rs 1 Cr<\/td><td>DDH<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Horticulture > Rs 1 Cr<\/td><td>DDH and SE or CE<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <p>A <strong>provisional completion certificate<\/strong> (with a list of balance items) is recorded on substantial completion. The <strong>Occupancy Certificate<\/strong> (where required) is obtained from local bodies <strong>within 3 months<\/strong> of physical completion, monitored monthly. \"Completion\/As-Built\" drawings of all services are handed to the client and maintenance unit.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"highlight-box\">\r\n <div class=\"hl-label\">💵 The bill-payment schedule (high-yield)<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"hl-text\"><strong>Ad-hoc payment of 75%<\/strong> of the eligible running-account bill within <strong>10 working days<\/strong> of submission (5 days prima-facie scrutiny by AE+JE, 3 days accounts, 2 days EE). Remaining payment after final checking, within a maximum of <strong>28 working days<\/strong>. Delay beyond 10 days requires a written explanation to the next higher authority within 3 working days. All payments through <strong>PFMS<\/strong>, \"just-in-time\". Income tax deducted at source under <strong>Section 194C, Income Tax Act 1961<\/strong>; GST deducted per the GST Act.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Supplementary agreements & residual work<\/div>\r\n <p>A supplementary agreement is drawn for minor items not immediately executable (pre-requisite not contractor's responsibility, or maintenance\/operation post-completion). Residual work up to <strong>10% of the EE's\/SE's T\/S power<\/strong> may be decided by them; CE\/SE have full powers for residual parts within the sanctioned amount.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Arbitration & litigation<\/div>\r\n <p>Pre-arbitral and arbitration process per the contract's arbitration clause and the <strong>Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996<\/strong>; the arbitration clause comes into existence on issuance of <strong>LOI<\/strong>. For foreign-open tenders, an alternative <strong>international commercial arbitration<\/strong> provision is added after advice from the Ministry of Law and Justice. (Note: the <strong>Dispute Resolution Committee was dispensed with<\/strong> in the 2022 Manual.)<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"recap\" id=\"c5-recap\">\r\n <div class=\"recap-title\">⚡ Chapter 5 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/div>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Concept<\/th><th>Key Fact<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td>EMD rate<\/td><td><strong>2%<\/strong> (\u2264 Rs 10 Cr); Rs 20 L + 1% (> Rs 10 Cr)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>EMD forfeiture<\/td><td>50% within 7 days \u00b7 <strong>100% after 7 days<\/strong> \u00b7 100% if no PG<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Performance Guarantee<\/td><td><strong>5%<\/strong>; valid 60 days beyond completion; within 7 days of LOI<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Date of start<\/td><td>3\u201310 days from LOI<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Agreement record<\/td><td>Form <strong>CPWD 42<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Overall quality<\/td><td>Responsibility of the <strong>Engineer-in-Charge<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>EI\/deviation time limit (E-in-C)<\/td><td><strong>30 days<\/strong> within competency<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Measurements via<\/td><td><strong>PFMS e-MB module<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Ad-hoc payment<\/td><td><strong>75% within 10 working days<\/strong>; balance \u2264 28 working days<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>TDS \/ GST<\/td><td>Section <strong>194C<\/strong> IT Act 1961 \/ GST Act<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Occupancy certificate<\/td><td>Within <strong>3 months<\/strong> of physical completion<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Arbitration<\/td><td>Act of <strong>1996<\/strong>; clause on LOI; DRC dispensed with<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"chapter-pane\" id=\"pane-ch6\" data-chapter=\"6\">\r\n\r\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\" id=\"c6-stores\">\r\n <span class=\"chapter-badge\">CH 6 \u00b7 PART II<\/span>\r\n <h2>Stores, Quality Assurance & Miscellaneous<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"def-card\">\r\n <div class=\"def-label\">What this chapter does<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"def-text\">\r\n This pane gathers the closing chapters of Part II \u2014 Stores (Ch 6), Quality Assurance (Ch 7), and the broad Miscellaneous chapter (Ch 8) covering disposal of buildings and stores, consultants, hiring of accommodation, and property valuation.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Purchase of Stores (Chapter 6)<\/div>\r\n <p>Stipulation of material in contracts has been <strong>stopped<\/strong> in CPWD works, so purchase of stores normally does not arise. In exceptional circumstances, the <strong>\"Manual for Procurement of Goods and Services\"<\/strong> (Ministry of Finance, Department of Expenditure) is referred; the T\/S Authority decides eligibility and terms.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c6-qa\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge teal\">§1<\/span>\r\n <h3>Quality Assurance \u2014 CTE Organization & QA Wing (Chapter 7)<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cat-grid\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-card a\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-label\">Technical wing of the CVC<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-title\">Chief Technical Examiner's (CTE) Organization<\/div>\r\n <p>Conducts inspections of CPWD works from the <strong>vigilance angle<\/strong>, on its own or on a complaint, for works of <strong>any magnitude<\/strong> (original and repair). Quarterly returns of works-in-progress submitted to CTE. The E-in-C <strong>must not quote\/reference CTE inspections<\/strong> in correspondence with the contractor \u2014 CTE paras are issued as the E-in-C's own observations.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card b\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-label\">Total Quality Management<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-title\">Quality Assurance & Technical Audit Wing<\/div>\r\n <p>QA ensures progressively improved, uniform quality. For budgeted works, <strong>TPQA engaged for works above Rs 20 crore<\/strong> (or per Directorate). Where no TPQA, the QA units of Project Regions\/Regions do random checks. (Recall: the circle-level QA team was dispensed with, and the E-in-C carries overall quality responsibility.)<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c6-disposal\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge amber\">§2<\/span>\r\n <h3>Disposal of Buildings & Stores (Chapter 8)<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Disposal of Government buildings<\/div>\r\n <p>No building is disposed by sale\/demolition unless ascertained that it is not required by any Department, and\/or is dangerous\/beyond economic repair, or a vacant site is needed for a replacement. A <strong>survey report<\/strong> is prepared and sanctioned; then the <strong>reserve price<\/strong> is fixed on the assessed <strong>salvage value<\/strong> of dismantled materials. <em>Salvage value = cost of dismantled materials less the cost of dismantling.<\/em> For buildings not owned by CPWD\/DoE, the owner\/client's approval is needed.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Surplus \/ unserviceable stores & temporary structures<\/div>\r\n <p>Disposal by <strong>e-auction, sealed quotations or any suitable method<\/strong>. If unsellable even at scrap value, any other mode \u2014 including eco-friendly destruction \u2014 may be adopted. The E-in-C has full powers to fix the reserve price of purely temporary structures erected during construction.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c6-consult\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge purple\">§3<\/span>\r\n <h3>Consultants, Hiring & Valuation<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Engagement of private consultants<\/div>\r\n <p>ADG\/SDG appoints and prepares a panel of Private Architects\/Consultants per the <strong>\"Manual for Procurement of Consultancy and Other Services 2017\"<\/strong> (MoF). Engagement is by the <strong>T\/S Authority with recorded reasons<\/strong>, by calling bids from empanelled consultants. Consultant-prepared structural\/E&M designs are authenticated <strong>\"Good for Construction\" by CE\/SE\/EE\/AE<\/strong> before issue to the contractor (except EPC). Consultancy work may be assigned to <strong>IITs, NITs, Govt Engineering Colleges, CBRI<\/strong> and other Govt institutes <strong>without call of tenders<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Hiring of accommodation & valuation<\/div>\r\n <p>For hiring private accommodation for Central Govt departments at Delhi, the <strong>EE (License Fee), CPWD is Chairman<\/strong> of the Hiring Committee (with the Asst Director of Estates and Asst Director (Finance), MoHUA). EEs\/SEs\/CEs can hire private accommodation for <strong>storage<\/strong> within the sanctioned estimate. CPWD has <strong>encadred officers in the Income Tax Valuation cell<\/strong> for valuation of properties referred by Income Tax, Customs & Excise, CBI, ED \u2014 per the <strong>Guidelines for Valuation of Immovable Properties 2009 (CBDT)<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"recap\" id=\"c6-recap\">\r\n <div class=\"recap-title\">⚡ Chapter 6 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/div>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Concept<\/th><th>Key Fact<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td>Material stipulation<\/td><td><strong>Stopped<\/strong>; refer MoF Manual for Procurement of Goods<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>CTE Organization<\/td><td>Technical wing of <strong>CVC<\/strong>; vigilance-angle inspections, any magnitude<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>CTE in correspondence<\/td><td>E-in-C issues paras as <strong>own observations<\/strong>, no CTE reference<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>TPQA (budgeted works)<\/td><td>Engaged for works <strong>above Rs 20 crore<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Salvage value<\/td><td>Cost of dismantled materials <strong>less<\/strong> cost of dismantling<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Stores disposal<\/td><td>e-auction \/ sealed quotations; scrap value; eco-friendly destruction<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Consultants engaged by<\/td><td><strong>T\/S Authority<\/strong>, recorded reasons; panel by ADG\/SDG<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>\"Good for Construction\"<\/td><td>Authenticated by <strong>CE\/SE\/EE\/AE<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Hiring Committee chair (Delhi)<\/td><td><strong>EE (License Fee), CPWD<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Valuation guidelines<\/td><td><strong>CBDT 2009<\/strong> Guidelines for Valuation of Immovable Properties<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"chapter-pane\" id=\"pane-ch7\" data-chapter=\"7\">\r\n\r\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\" id=\"c7-class\">\r\n <span class=\"chapter-badge\">CH 7 \u00b7 PART III<\/span>\r\n <h2>Maintenance Works<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"def-card\">\r\n <div class=\"def-label\">What this chapter does<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"def-text\">\r\n This pane covers <strong>Part III (Maintenance Works, Chapters 9\u201315)<\/strong>. The governing principle: maintenance preliminaries, bidding, contract management, QA and stores are <strong>\"in consonance and analogous\"<\/strong> to construction works, with specific exceptions \u2014 chiefly that <strong>T\/S is needed only for rehabilitation<\/strong>, and the deviation ceiling differs.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h4>Seven categories of maintenance works<\/h4>\r\n <ol class=\"parts-list decimal teal\">\r\n <li><strong>Annual repair and maintenance<\/strong> works (A\/R & M\/O).<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>Special repair<\/strong> works \u2014 major repair\/replacement\/remodelling of a portion due to major breakdowns or deterioration.<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>Additions\/Alterations<\/strong> works.<\/li>\r\n <li>Maintenance of <strong>residences of VIPs<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>Day-to-day<\/strong> repairs.<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>Petty repair<\/strong> works.<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>Up-gradation<\/strong> work and aesthetic improvements in existing buildings.<\/li>\r\n <\/ol>\r\n\r\n <p>Per <strong>GFR 2017 Rule 130<\/strong>, minor works that add capital value but do not create new assets are treated as <strong>Original Works under Capital Head<\/strong>. The E-in-C pre-decides the classification for estimating, booking and exercise of financial powers.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c7-modes\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge teal\">§1<\/span>\r\n <h3>Modes of Execution & Client Interface<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Comprehensive maintenance is the default<\/div>\r\n <p>Maintenance should usually be in <strong>comprehensive maintenance mode<\/strong> \u2014 Civil, Electrical (excluding standalone operational and specialized works) and horticulture done through a <strong>single agency<\/strong> via composite tenders, with up-gradation\/special repairs\/A&A clubbed in. Other modes where comprehensive isn't feasible:<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cat-grid\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-card a\"><div class=\"cat-title\">Departmental Labour<\/div><p>Day-to-day maintenance with materials issued from the maintenance store.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card b\"><div class=\"cat-title\">Individual Contracts<\/div><p>By call of tenders, where comprehensive isn't resorted to.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card c\"><div class=\"cat-title\">Work Orders<\/div><p>Emergent\/urgent cases \u2014 spot quotations (emergency) or call of quotations (urgency).<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card d\"><div class=\"cat-title\">Petty Repairs<\/div><p>Up to <strong>Rs 25,000<\/strong> through hand receipts at reasonable rates, at E-in-C discretion.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card e\"><div class=\"cat-title\">Annual Rate Contract<\/div><p>For repetitive minor works needing immediate start & uniform rates; agencies fixed before the financial year.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Client satisfaction & responsiveness<\/div>\r\n <p>Complaints are registered online through the <strong>\"CPWD Sewa\"<\/strong> web portal and mobile app, managed by CPWD service centres; toll-free numbers <strong>1800114499 \/ 18002664499<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c7-powers\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge amber\">§2<\/span>\r\n <h3>Powers to Undertake Maintenance<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>Officers have full powers to undertake works within their T\/S powers. But for <strong>buildings not originally constructed by CPWD<\/strong>, and <strong>mechanical\/electrical equipment not originally procured\/installed by CPWD<\/strong>, maintenance may be undertaken only with <strong>prior approval of CE or SDG\/ADG<\/strong>. Officers have full powers (within T\/S competence) to augment electric supply for VIP residences up to the load sanctioned for Ministers, Supreme Court\/High Court Judges, MPs, and Secretaries\/Additional Secretaries.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c7-prelim\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge purple\">§3<\/span>\r\n <h3>Preliminaries \u2014 A\/A & E\/S, T\/S, NIT<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">The maintenance exceptions to remember<\/div>\r\n <p>A separate <strong>Annual Works Plan<\/strong> is prepared per discipline (Civil, Electrical, Horticulture) and approved by CE\/SE. For <strong>MoHUA budgetary works, no A\/A & E\/S is required<\/strong> for maintenance from budgeted works \u2014 except <strong>Additions & Alterations<\/strong>, where excess up to <strong>10%<\/strong> of A\/A may be authorized within T\/S power. <strong>Technical Sanction is NOT required for general maintenance<\/strong>; it is issued only for works involving <strong>structural rehabilitation<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>The estimated cost in the NIT is based on <strong>DSR\/market rates<\/strong> for general maintenance; for structural rehabilitation it follows the T\/S rates. The period of comprehensive maintenance is <strong>not more than three years for GPRA\/GPOA works<\/strong>. Composite comprehensive-maintenance-cum-development tenders predominantly horticultural (> 50% horticulture, not exceeding Rs 1.80 crore) are called only from eligible enlisted horticulture contractors.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c7-deviation\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge red\">§4<\/span>\r\n <h3>Deviation on Tendered Amount, Bidding & QA<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout red\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Deviation ceiling \u2014 high-yield<\/div>\r\n <p>Completion cost of any maintenance work shall <strong>not exceed 2.0 times the tendered amount<\/strong> (and 10% of sanctioned cost for budgeted works). Deviation approval ladder: <strong>up to 1.25\u00d7<\/strong> by the E-in-C; <strong>1.25\u00d7\u20131.50\u00d7<\/strong> by SE\/CE; <strong>1.50\u00d7\u20132.0\u00d7<\/strong> by ADG\/SDG \u2014 all with recorded reasons. For deposit\/letter-of-authorization\/CSSA works, completion cost shall not exceed A\/A & E\/S without prior client approval and funds.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>Modes of bidding, contract management (apart from the deviation ceiling) and quality assurance for maintenance are <strong>analogous to construction works<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c7-stores\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge gold\">§5<\/span>\r\n <h3>Maintenance Stores & Miscellaneous<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Stores, GeM & advance payments<\/div>\r\n <p>Procurement of goods\/services available on <strong>GeM is mandatory<\/strong> (Rule 149, GFR 2017); purchases up to <strong>Rs 5,000<\/strong> via hand receipt\/imprest\/cash. Advance payments (GFR Rule 172) capped at <strong>30% of contract value (private firm)<\/strong>, <strong>40% (State\/Central Govt agency or PSU)<\/strong>, or six months' amount for a maintenance contract \u2014 with bank-guarantee safeguards. CPWD officers may make advance payment <strong>up to 90%<\/strong> for supply of stores within their tender-acceptance powers.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Custody, write-off & physical verification<\/div>\r\n <p>The <strong>AE (or JE where no AE)<\/strong> ensures safe custody of stores. Government property (movable\/immovable) is <strong>not normally insured<\/strong> \u2014 no liability without prior MoF consent (immovable) or DG, CPWD (movable). Materials accounted in the <strong>MAS (Material at Site) register<\/strong>. Physical verification of MAS\/dismantled-material\/T&P accounts is done by the <strong>next-higher authority at least once a year<\/strong>. Losses written off to head <strong>MH 2059 PW Minor Works\u2013Losses on Stock<\/strong>. Every Division maintains a <strong>Register of Buildings<\/strong>, kept up to date; unsafe buildings are survey-reported and disposed of without land by auction (GPRA\/GPOA need DoE, MoHUA approval).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"recap\" id=\"c7-recap\">\r\n <div class=\"recap-title\">⚡ Chapter 7 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/div>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Concept<\/th><th>Key Fact<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td>Maintenance categories<\/td><td><strong>7<\/strong> (A\/R&M\/O, special repair, A&A, VIP, day-to-day, petty, up-gradation)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Minor works treated as<\/td><td>Original Works, Capital Head (GFR <strong>Rule 130<\/strong>)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Default mode<\/td><td><strong>Comprehensive maintenance<\/strong> (single agency, composite)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Petty repairs limit<\/td><td><strong>Rs 25,000<\/strong> via hand receipts<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Complaint app<\/td><td><strong>CPWD Sewa<\/strong>; toll-free 1800114499 \/ 18002664499<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Non-CPWD building maint.<\/td><td>Prior approval of <strong>CE or SDG\/ADG<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>T\/S for maintenance<\/td><td>Only for <strong>structural rehabilitation<\/strong>; none for general<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Comprehensive maint. period<\/td><td><strong>\u2264 3 years<\/strong> for GPRA\/GPOA<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Deviation ceiling<\/td><td><strong>2.0\u00d7 tendered amount<\/strong> (1.25\u00d7 EE \/ 1.50\u00d7 SE-CE \/ 2.0\u00d7 ADG-SDG)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>GeM<\/td><td>Mandatory (Rule 149); advance up to <strong>90%<\/strong> for stores<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Physical verification<\/td><td>By next-higher authority, <strong>at least once a year<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"chapter-pane\" id=\"pane-ch8\" data-chapter=\"8\">\r\n\r\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\" id=\"c8-ghar\">\r\n <span class=\"chapter-badge\">CH 8 \u00b7 PART IV<\/span>\r\n <h2>Green Buildings & Sustainability Measures<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"def-card\">\r\n <div class=\"def-label\">What this chapter does<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"def-text\">\r\n <strong>Part IV (Chapter 16)<\/strong> embeds sustainability into every new work \u2014 green-building certification, energy efficiency, barrier-free accessibility, emerging technologies, recycled C&D waste, pollution control, and the Skill-India and Make-in-India policies.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"schedule-banner\">\r\n <span class=\"schedule-stamp\">Mandatory threshold<\/span>\r\n <h4>GHAR Green-Level Certification<\/h4>\r\n <p>All new works carry provisions of Green Buildings, Energy Efficiency, Sustainability Measures and <strong>Barrier-Free Accessible<\/strong> construction. It is <strong>mandatory that new CPWD projects costing Rs 50 crore and above achieve at least Green-Level Certification of GHAR<\/strong>, based on the <strong>CPWD Green Rating Manual 2021<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c8-tech\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge teal\">§1<\/span>\r\n <h3>Emerging Technologies, C&D Waste & Pollution Control<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cat-grid\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-card a\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-label\">All works, any cost\/location<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-title\">New & Emerging Technologies<\/div>\r\n <p>To be used for all CPWD works irrespective of cost and location; any one such technology may be adopted. If not implemented, <strong>exemption from DG, CPWD<\/strong> is required.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card b\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-label\">Green & sustainable development<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-title\">Recycled C&D Waste<\/div>\r\n <p>Recycled C&D waste material used subject to quality control and standards; suitable clauses\/items incorporated in the contract by the NIT approving authority per Directorate directions.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Fly ash bricks\/blocks & AAC blocks<\/div>\r\n <p>Fly ash bricks\/blocks from recycled C&D waste \/ <strong>AAC blocks<\/strong> are <strong>mandatory in masonry for non-structural members<\/strong> (in place of burnt clay bricks) in <strong>Delhi NCR, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Surat<\/strong>. Used in order of preference for buildings <strong>under 15 m<\/strong>; for buildings <strong>over 15 m, AAC blocks<\/strong> are used.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Control of pollution<\/div>\r\n <p>All works carry provisions for control of pollution from construction\/demolition activities, concrete batch-mixing plants and dust, per MoEF\/MoHUA\/CPWD Directorate guidelines.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c8-policy\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge purple\">§2<\/span>\r\n <h3>Skill India & Make in India<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:42%;\">Work value<\/th><th>Skill India on-site training (NSDC norms)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">> Rs 50 Cr and up to Rs 100 Cr<\/td><td>Train at least <strong>10%<\/strong> of the unskilled workers engaged.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">> Rs 100 Cr<\/td><td>Train <strong>20%<\/strong> of the unskilled labour.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Public Procurement (Preference to Make in India)<\/div>\r\n <p>Pursuant to <strong>Rule 153(iii) of GFR 2017<\/strong>, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (Ministry of Commerce & Industry) issued orders for procurement through local suppliers \u2014 <strong>purchase preference to local suppliers<\/strong> in all procurements. Related guidelines from MoF (Dept. of Expenditure), MeitY and CVC are uploaded on the CPWD website and must be followed.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"recap\" id=\"c8-recap\">\r\n <div class=\"recap-title\">⚡ Chapter 8 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/div>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Concept<\/th><th>Key Fact<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td>GHAR certification<\/td><td>Green-Level mandatory for works <strong>\u2265 Rs 50 Cr<\/strong> (Green Rating Manual 2021)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Emerging technologies<\/td><td>All works; exemption needs <strong>DG, CPWD<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Fly ash \/ AAC blocks<\/td><td>Mandatory non-structural in 8 cities; <strong>AAC for buildings > 15 m<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Skill India training<\/td><td><strong>10%<\/strong> (>50\u2013100 Cr) \u00b7 <strong>20%<\/strong> (>100 Cr) of unskilled labour<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Make in India rule<\/td><td>GFR <strong>Rule 153(iii)<\/strong>; purchase preference to local suppliers<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n <\/main>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n document.addEventListener('click', function (e) {\r\n const header = e.target.closest('.toc-chapter-header');\r\n if (header) {\r\n const chapterEl = header.parentElement;\r\n const chNum = chapterEl.getAttribute('data-chapter');\r\n switchChapter(chNum);\r\n setTimeout(function () {\r\n document.querySelectorAll('.toc-chapter').forEach(function (other) {\r\n if (other !== chapterEl) other.removeAttribute('open');\r\n });\r\n }, 0);\r\n return;\r\n }\r\n\r\n const subLink = e.target.closest('.toc-sub-list a');\r\n if (subLink) {\r\n const chapterEl = subLink.closest('.toc-chapter');\r\n const chNum = chapterEl.getAttribute('data-chapter');\r\n switchChapter(chNum);\r\n document.querySelectorAll('.toc-chapter').forEach(function (other) {\r\n if (other !== chapterEl) other.removeAttribute('open');\r\n });\r\n document.querySelectorAll('.toc-sub-list 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\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCPWD Works Manual 2022 \u2014 Study Notes<\/title>\r\n<style>.elementor-section.elementor-section-stretched,\r\n .elementor-section-full_width,\r\n .elementor-container,\r\n .elementor-column,\r\n .elementor-column-wrap,\r\n .elementor-widget-wrap,\r\n .elementor-element {\r\n padding: 0 !important;\r\n margin: 0 !important;\r\n gap: 0 !important;\r\n }\r\n *, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }\r\n :root {\r\n --navy: #0f2a4a;\r\n --blue: #1a5fa8;\r\n --sky: #2d8ecf;\r\n --teal: #0e8f7a;\r\n --amber: #c97c10;\r\n --red: #c0392b;\r\n --gold: #c89b0a;\r\n --purple: #7e3eb5;\r\n --text: #1c2b3a;\r\n --muted: #5a6d80;\r\n --border: #e0e8f0;\r\n }\r\n html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }\r\n body {\r\n font-family: 'DM Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;\r\n background: #ffffff;\r\n color: var(--text);\r\n font-size: 15px;\r\n line-height: 1.85;\r\n }\r\n a { text-decoration: none; color: inherit; 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position: relative; z-index: 1; }\r\n .hero-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 320px; gap: 36px; align-items: center; }\r\n .hero-text { min-width: 0; }\r\n .hero-illustration {\r\n width: 320px; max-width: 100%;\r\n filter: drop-shadow(0 10px 22px rgba(0,0,0,0.22));\r\n animation: heroFloat 6s ease-in-out infinite;\r\n }\r\n .hero-illustration svg { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }\r\n @keyframes heroFloat { 0%,100% { transform: translateY(0);} 50% { transform: translateY(-6px);} }\r\n .hero-kicker {\r\n display: inline-block;\r\n background: rgba(255,255,255,0.18); color: #fff;\r\n font-size: 11px; font-weight: 700;\r\n padding: 6px 14px; border-radius: 20px;\r\n letter-spacing: 0.14em; text-transform: uppercase;\r\n margin-bottom: 18px; backdrop-filter: blur(4px);\r\n }\r\n .hero h1 {\r\n font-family: 'Crimson Pro', Georgia, serif;\r\n font-size: clamp(28px, 4.2vw, 44px);\r\n font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.2;\r\n margin-bottom: 14px; color: #fff;\r\n text-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);\r\n }\r\n .hero-sub { font-size: 15px; 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margin: 52px 0 22px; padding-bottom: 14px; border-bottom: 2.5px solid var(--navy); }\r\n .chapter-heading-block:first-child { margin-top: 0; }\r\n .chapter-badge { background: var(--navy); color: #fff; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; padding: 5px 16px; border-radius: 4px; letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: nowrap; flex-shrink: 0; }\r\n .chapter-heading-block h2 { font-family: 'Crimson Pro', Georgia, serif; font-size: 23px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin: 0; }\r\n\r\n .section-heading-block { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 38px 0 14px; }\r\n .section-badge { background: var(--blue); color: #fff; font-size: 9.5px; font-weight: 700; padding: 4px 12px; border-radius: 3px; letter-spacing: 0.08em; white-space: nowrap; flex-shrink: 0; }\r\n .section-badge.amber { background: var(--amber); }\r\n .section-badge.teal { background: var(--teal); }\r\n .section-badge.purple { background: var(--purple); }\r\n .section-badge.red { background: var(--red); 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background: #fff8f7; }\r\n .callout.teal { border-left-color: var(--teal); background: #f4fdf9; }\r\n .callout.purple { border-left-color: var(--purple); background: #faf6ff; }\r\n .callout.gold { border-left-color: var(--gold); background: #fffcf0; }\r\n .callout-label { font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.12em; margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--blue); }\r\n .callout.amber .callout-label { color: var(--amber); }\r\n .callout.red .callout-label { color: var(--red); }\r\n .callout.teal .callout-label { color: var(--teal); }\r\n .callout.purple .callout-label { color: var(--purple); }\r\n .callout.gold .callout-label { color: #8a6a00; }\r\n .callout p { text-align: justify; }\r\n .callout p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }\r\n\r\n .def-card { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fffcf0 0%, #fff7e0 100%); border: 1.5px solid #e8c87a; border-radius: 12px; padding: 22px 26px; margin: 18px 0 26px; position: relative; }\r\n .def-card::before { content: '\\201C'; position: absolute; top: 6px; left: 14px; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 60px; color: rgba(200,155,10,0.25); line-height: 1; }\r\n .def-card .def-label { font-size: 10.5px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.14em; color: #8a6a00; margin-bottom: 8px; position: relative; z-index: 1; }\r\n .def-card .def-text { font-size: 15px; color: #4a3500; line-height: 1.78; position: relative; z-index: 1; text-align: justify; }\r\n\r\n .flow { display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin: 18px 0 24px; }\r\n .flow-step { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 18px; position: relative; }\r\n .flow-step:not(:last-child)::after { content: ''; position: absolute; left: 19px; top: 42px; width: 2px; height: calc(100% - 6px); background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--blue) 0%, #d0dce6 100%); }\r\n .flow-num { width: 40px; height: 40px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--blue); color: #fff; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; flex-shrink: 0; }\r\n .flow-content { flex: 1; padding: 8px 0 26px; }\r\n .flow-content h5 { font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 4px; }\r\n .flow-content p { font-size: 14px; color: var(--muted); margin: 0; text-align: justify; }\r\n\r\n .compare-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 16px 0 24px; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid var(--border); }\r\n .compare-table thead tr { background: var(--navy); color: #fff; }\r\n .compare-table th { padding: 12px 16px; text-align: left; font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 700; }\r\n .compare-table td { padding: 11px 16px; font-size: 14px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); color: #2c3e50; vertical-align: top; }\r\n .compare-table tr:nth-child(even) td { background: #f9fbfd; }\r\n .compare-table td.label-cell { font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); background: #f1f5f9 !important; width: 22%; }\r\n\r\n .parts-list { list-style: none; counter-reset: parts; margin: 14px 0 22px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; }\r\n .parts-list > li { background: #fff; border: 1.5px solid var(--border); border-radius: 10px; padding: 16px 18px 16px 60px; position: relative; font-size: 14.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.72; counter-increment: parts; text-align: justify; }\r\n .parts-list > li::before { content: counter(parts, lower-alpha); position: absolute; left: 16px; top: 16px; width: 32px; height: 32px; background: var(--blue); color: #fff; border-radius: 50%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; }\r\n .parts-list.roman > li::before { content: counter(parts, lower-roman); font-size: 12px; }\r\n .parts-list.decimal > li::before { content: counter(parts); font-size: 13px; }\r\n .parts-list.teal > li::before { background: var(--teal); }\r\n .parts-list.amber > li::before { background: var(--amber); }\r\n .parts-list.purple > li::before { background: var(--purple); }\r\n .parts-list.red > li::before { background: var(--red); }\r\n .parts-list.gold > li::before { background: var(--gold); }\r\n .parts-list > li strong { color: var(--navy); }\r\n\r\n .highlight-box { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f0f7ff 0%, #e8f1fc 100%); border-left: 4px solid var(--blue); border-radius: 0 10px 10px 0; padding: 16px 20px; margin: 16px 0 22px; }\r\n .highlight-box .hl-label { font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.12em; color: var(--blue); margin-bottom: 6px; }\r\n .highlight-box .hl-text { font-size: 14.5px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; }\r\n\r\n .stat-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); gap: 12px; margin: 18px 0 26px; }\r\n .stat-card { background: #fff; border: 1.5px solid var(--border); border-radius: 10px; padding: 16px; text-align: center; }\r\n .stat-card.b { border-color: #9dc3ec; background: #f0f7ff; }\r\n .stat-card.t { border-color: #7fd3c5; background: #f0fdf8; }\r\n .stat-card.a { border-color: #f0d58a; background: #fffbf0; }\r\n .stat-card.r { border-color: #f5a0a0; background: #fff5f5; }\r\n .stat-card .stat-num { font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 22px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 6px; }\r\n .stat-card.b .stat-num { color: var(--blue); }\r\n .stat-card.t .stat-num { color: var(--teal); }\r\n .stat-card.a .stat-num { color: var(--amber); }\r\n .stat-card.r .stat-num { color: var(--red); }\r\n .stat-card .stat-label { font-size: 11px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.06em; color: var(--muted); }\r\n\r\n .cat-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 14px; margin: 20px 0 28px; }\r\n .cat-grid.three { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }\r\n .cat-grid.four { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); }\r\n .cat-card { border-radius: 10px; padding: 18px 18px; border: 1.5px solid var(--border); }\r\n .cat-card.a { border-color: #9dc3ec; background: #f0f7ff; }\r\n .cat-card.b { border-color: #7fd3c5; background: #f0fdf8; }\r\n .cat-card.c { border-color: #f0d58a; background: #fffbf0; }\r\n .cat-card.d { border-color: #f5a0a0; background: #fff5f5; }\r\n .cat-card.e { border-color: #d1baf0; background: #f9f5ff; }\r\n .cat-label { font-size: 9.5px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.12em; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 6px; }\r\n .cat-title { font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 8px; }\r\n .cat-card.a .cat-title { color: var(--blue); }\r\n .cat-card.b .cat-title { color: var(--teal); }\r\n .cat-card.c .cat-title { color: var(--amber); }\r\n .cat-card.d .cat-title { color: var(--red); }\r\n .cat-card.e .cat-title { color: var(--purple); }\r\n .cat-card p { font-size: 13px; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.7; text-align: justify; }\r\n .cat-badge { display: inline-block; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; margin-bottom: 6px; font-family: 'Crimson Pro', Georgia, serif; line-height: 1; }\r\n .cat-card.a .cat-badge { color: var(--blue); }\r\n .cat-card.b .cat-badge { color: var(--teal); }\r\n .cat-card.c .cat-badge { color: var(--amber); }\r\n .cat-card.d .cat-badge { color: var(--red); }\r\n .cat-card.e .cat-badge { color: var(--purple); }\r\n\r\n .schedule-banner { border: 2px solid var(--amber); border-radius: 10px; padding: 22px 24px; margin: 20px 0 26px; background: #fffcf0; position: relative; }\r\n .schedule-stamp { position: absolute; top: -11px; left: 20px; background: var(--amber); color: #fff; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase; padding: 3px 14px; border-radius: 4px; }\r\n .schedule-banner h4 { font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700; color: #4a3500; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-top: 8px; }\r\n\r\n .tag-yes { background: #edfaf6; color: var(--teal); border-radius: 4px; padding: 2px 8px; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; }\r\n .tag-no { background: #fef3f2; color: var(--red); border-radius: 4px; padding: 2px 8px; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; }\r\n\r\n .chapter-pane { display: none; animation: fadeIn 0.3s ease; }\r\n .chapter-pane.active { display: block; }\r\n @keyframes fadeIn { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(4px);} to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0);} }\r\n\r\n .sidebar { position: sticky; top: 24px; max-height: calc(100vh - 48px); }\r\n .toc-card { background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 12px; padding: 16px 12px; max-height: calc(100vh - 48px); overflow-y: auto; }\r\n .toc-card-title { font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.14em; color: var(--muted); margin: 4px 0 14px; padding: 0 4px; }\r\n .toc-chapter { margin-bottom: 8px; }\r\n .toc-chapter-header { background: var(--navy); border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; list-style: none; transition: background 0.18s; }\r\n .toc-chapter-header::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }\r\n .toc-chapter-header:hover { background: #173860; }\r\n .toc-ch-badge { background: #ffd95a; color: #0f2a4a; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.06em; padding: 4px 8px; border-radius: 5px; flex-shrink: 0; min-width: 38px; text-align: center; line-height: 1; }\r\n .toc-ch-title { flex: 1; font-size: 13.5px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.25; color: #fff; }\r\n .toc-ch-chev { font-size: 10px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.8); transition: transform 0.22s ease; flex-shrink: 0; }\r\n .toc-chapter[open] > .toc-chapter-header { background: #173860; }\r\n .toc-chapter[open] > .toc-chapter-header .toc-ch-chev { transform: rotate(90deg); }\r\n .toc-sub-wrap { position: relative; margin: 6px 0 6px 18px; padding-left: 14px; }\r\n .toc-sub-wrap::before { content: ''; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 6px; bottom: 8px; width: 1px; background: repeating-linear-gradient(to bottom, #d0d8e2 0px, #d0d8e2 2px, transparent 2px, transparent 5px); }\r\n .toc-sub-list { list-style: none; }\r\n .toc-sub-list li { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; 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gap: 10px; }\r\n .recap table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; }\r\n .recap th, .recap td { padding: 10px 14px; text-align: left; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.12); font-size: 13.5px; }\r\n .recap th { font-size: 11px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.1em; opacity: 0.7; font-weight: 700; }\r\n .recap td:first-child { font-weight: 700; color: #ffd700; width: 36%; }\r\n .recap td strong { color: #ffd95a; font-weight: 700; }\r\n .recap td:first-child strong { color: inherit; }\r\n\r\n @media (max-width: 860px) {\r\n .layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; padding: 28px 24px 64px; }\r\n .sidebar { position: static; }\r\n .stat-grid, .cat-grid, .cat-grid.three, .cat-grid.four { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }\r\n .hero { padding: 48px 24px 44px; }\r\n .breadcrumb-bar { padding: 10px 24px; }\r\n .hero-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; text-align: left; }\r\n .hero-illustration { width: 240px; margin: 0 auto; }\r\n }\r\n @media (max-width: 500px) {\r\n .hero h1 { font-size: 24px; }\r\n .stat-grid, .cat-grid, .cat-grid.three, .cat-grid.four { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\r\n .hero-illustration { display: none; }\r\n .compare-table td.label-cell { width: auto; }\r\n }\r\n<\/style>\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\r\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Crimson+Pro:wght@400;600;700&family=DM+Sans:wght@400;500;700&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;700&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\r\n<\/head>\r\n<body>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"hero\">\r\n <div class=\"hero-inner hero-grid\">\r\n <div class=\"hero-text\">\r\n <span class=\"hero-kicker\">Study Notes \u00b7 CPWD Works Manual 2022 \u00b7 DG CPWD<\/span>\r\n <h1>CPWD Works Manual 2022<\/h1>\r\n <p class=\"hero-sub\">The mandate book of the Central Public Works Department, launched on CPWD Day (12 July 2022) and implemented from the same date. Arranged in the sequence of execution of works, it covers four Parts \u2014 Funds & Accounts, Construction, Maintenance, and Green Buildings \u2014 incorporating all circulars from 2019 to June 2022, GFR 2017, GeM, EPC contracting, and the Make-in-India regime. The Manual sets the binding provisions; the companion SOPs 2022 carry the workflows.<\/p>\r\n <div class=\"hero-pills\">\r\n <span class=\"hero-pill\">4 Parts \u00b7 16 Chapters<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"hero-pill\">44 Salient Features<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"hero-pill\">GFR 2017 \u00b7 GeM \u00b7 EPC<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"hero-pill\">168 Years of Service<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"hero-illustration\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 320 280\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"A building under construction with a tower crane and blueprint\">\r\n <ellipse cx=\"160\" cy=\"256\" rx=\"124\" ry=\"13\" fill=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.18)\"\/>\r\n \r\n <g transform=\"translate(36,150)\">\r\n <rect x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"118\" height=\"92\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"#e3edf6\" stroke=\"#0f2a4a\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n <g stroke=\"#1a5fa8\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\" opacity=\"0.8\">\r\n <rect x=\"14\" y=\"14\" width=\"40\" height=\"64\"\/>\r\n <rect x=\"64\" y=\"14\" width=\"40\" height=\"30\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"64\" y1=\"58\" x2=\"104\" y2=\"58\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"64\" y1=\"70\" x2=\"104\" y2=\"70\"\/>\r\n <\/g>\r\n <\/g>\r\n \r\n <g transform=\"translate(168,86)\">\r\n <rect x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"86\" height=\"156\" fill=\"#f4f8fc\" stroke=\"#0f2a4a\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n <g fill=\"#9db4c9\">\r\n <rect x=\"10\" y=\"14\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\"\/><rect x=\"38\" y=\"14\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\"\/>\r\n <rect x=\"10\" y=\"46\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\"\/><rect x=\"38\" y=\"46\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\"\/>\r\n <rect x=\"10\" y=\"78\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\"\/><rect x=\"38\" y=\"78\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\"\/>\r\n <\/g>\r\n \r\n <g stroke=\"#c97c10\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" fill=\"none\">\r\n <rect x=\"66\" y=\"0\" width=\"20\" height=\"40\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"66\" y1=\"20\" x2=\"86\" y2=\"20\"\/>\r\n <\/g>\r\n <\/g>\r\n \r\n <g stroke=\"#0e8f7a\" stroke-width=\"3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke-linecap=\"round\">\r\n <line x1=\"120\" y1=\"240\" x2=\"120\" y2=\"40\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"60\" y1=\"40\" x2=\"200\" y2=\"40\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"60\" y1=\"40\" x2=\"120\" y2=\"14\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"200\" y1=\"40\" x2=\"120\" y2=\"14\"\/>\r\n <\/g>\r\n <line x1=\"180\" y1=\"40\" x2=\"180\" y2=\"74\" stroke=\"#c0392b\" stroke-width=\"2.5\"\/>\r\n <rect x=\"171\" y=\"74\" width=\"18\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#c89b0a\"\/>\r\n \r\n <g transform=\"translate(250,150)\">\r\n <path d=\"M2 22 a20 20 0 0 1 40 0 Z\" fill=\"#c89b0a\" stroke=\"#8a6a00\" stroke-width=\"1.6\"\/>\r\n <rect x=\"-2\" y=\"22\" width=\"48\" height=\"6\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#c89b0a\" stroke=\"#8a6a00\" stroke-width=\"1.6\"\/>\r\n <\/g>\r\n <g fill=\"#fff\" opacity=\"0.85\">\r\n <circle cx=\"40\" cy=\"60\" r=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"296\" cy=\"110\" r=\"1.5\"\/><circle cx=\"300\" cy=\"60\" r=\"1.5\"\/>\r\n <\/g>\r\n <\/svg>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"breadcrumb-bar\">\r\n <div class=\"breadcrumb-inner\">\r\n <a href=\"#\">Home<\/a>\r\n <span class=\"sep\">›<\/span>\r\n <a href=\"#\">Notes<\/a>\r\n <span class=\"sep\">›<\/span>\r\n <span>CPWD Works Manual 2022<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"layout\">\r\n\r\n \r\n <aside class=\"sidebar\">\r\n <div class=\"toc-card\">\r\n <div class=\"toc-card-title\">Table of Contents<\/div>\r\n\r\n <details class=\"toc-chapter\" data-chapter=\"0\" open>\r\n <summary class=\"toc-chapter-header\">\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-badge\">INTRO<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-title\">Foundations, Definitions & Glossary<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-chev\">▶<\/span>\r\n <\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrap\">\r\n <ul class=\"toc-sub-list\">\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">0.1<\/span><a href=\"#c0-what\">What This Manual Is<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">0.2<\/span><a href=\"#c0-rules\">Manual vs SOP & Reading Rules<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">0.3<\/span><a href=\"#c0-salient\">44 Salient Features<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">0.4<\/span><a href=\"#c0-glossary\">Glossary of Abbreviations<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">0.5<\/span><a href=\"#c0-defs\">Key Definitions<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li class=\"toc-app\"><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">★<\/span><a href=\"#c0-recap\">Intro \u2014 Quick Recap<\/a><\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n\r\n <details class=\"toc-chapter\" data-chapter=\"1\">\r\n <summary class=\"toc-chapter-header\">\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-badge\">CH 1<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-title\">General Provisions (Part I)<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-chev\">▶<\/span>\r\n <\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrap\">\r\n <ul class=\"toc-sub-list\">\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">1.1<\/span><a href=\"#c1-functions\">Functions of CPWD<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">1.2<\/span><a href=\"#c1-forms\">Standard Forms of Contract<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">1.3<\/span><a href=\"#c1-funding\">Funding of Works<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">1.4<\/span><a href=\"#c1-boards\">Central & Regional Works Boards<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">1.5<\/span><a href=\"#c1-inescapable\">Emergent & Urgent Works<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li class=\"toc-app\"><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">★<\/span><a href=\"#c1-recap\">Chapter 1 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/a><\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n\r\n <details class=\"toc-chapter\" data-chapter=\"2\">\r\n <summary class=\"toc-chapter-header\">\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-badge\">CH 2<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-title\">Budget & Reconciliation<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-chev\">▶<\/span>\r\n <\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrap\">\r\n <ul class=\"toc-sub-list\">\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">2.1<\/span><a href=\"#c2-docs\">Documents & Budget Basics<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">2.2<\/span><a href=\"#c2-cfi\">Consolidated Fund & New Service<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">2.3<\/span><a href=\"#c2-savings\">Savings, Excess & Supplementary<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">2.4<\/span><a href=\"#c2-approp\">Appropriation & Re-appropriation<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">2.5<\/span><a href=\"#c2-audit\">Audit, Committees & PAC<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li class=\"toc-app\"><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">★<\/span><a href=\"#c2-recap\">Chapter 2 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/a><\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n\r\n <details class=\"toc-chapter\" data-chapter=\"3\">\r\n <summary class=\"toc-chapter-header\">\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-badge\">CH 3<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-title\">Construction \u2014 Pre-construction<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-chev\">▶<\/span>\r\n <\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrap\">\r\n <ul class=\"toc-sub-list\">\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">3.1<\/span><a href=\"#c3-class\">Classification & the Estimate Chain<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">3.2<\/span><a href=\"#c3-aaes\">A\/A & E\/S and Technical Sanction<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">3.3<\/span><a href=\"#c3-sor\">Contingencies, DC, SOR<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">3.4<\/span><a href=\"#c3-deposit\">Deposit & Specialized Works<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">3.5<\/span><a href=\"#c3-excess\">Excess Over A\/A & E\/S<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li class=\"toc-app\"><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">★<\/span><a href=\"#c3-recap\">Chapter 3 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/a><\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n\r\n <details class=\"toc-chapter\" data-chapter=\"4\">\r\n <summary class=\"toc-chapter-header\">\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-badge\">CH 4<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-title\">Modes of Bidding System<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-chev\">▶<\/span>\r\n <\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrap\">\r\n <ul class=\"toc-sub-list\">\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">4.1<\/span><a href=\"#c4-without\">Award Without Call of Tenders<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">4.2<\/span><a href=\"#c4-scst\">Labour Co-ops & SC\/ST Preference<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">4.3<\/span><a href=\"#c4-etender\">E-Tendering & Types of Tenders<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">4.4<\/span><a href=\"#c4-epc\">EPC Contracts & SPV<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">4.5<\/span><a href=\"#c4-nit\">NIT, Publicity & Validity<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li class=\"toc-app\"><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">★<\/span><a href=\"#c4-recap\">Chapter 4 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/a><\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n\r\n <details class=\"toc-chapter\" data-chapter=\"5\">\r\n <summary class=\"toc-chapter-header\">\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-badge\">CH 5<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-title\">Contract Management<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-chev\">▶<\/span>\r\n <\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrap\">\r\n <ul class=\"toc-sub-list\">\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">5.1<\/span><a href=\"#c5-emd\">Earnest Money & Acceptance<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">5.2<\/span><a href=\"#c5-pg\">PG, Security Deposit, Agreement<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">5.3<\/span><a href=\"#c5-exec\">Execution, Quality & Advances<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">5.4<\/span><a href=\"#c5-ei\">Extra\/Deviation & Measurement<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">5.5<\/span><a href=\"#c5-completion\">Completion, Payment, Arbitration<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li class=\"toc-app\"><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">★<\/span><a href=\"#c5-recap\">Chapter 5 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/a><\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n\r\n <details class=\"toc-chapter\" data-chapter=\"6\">\r\n <summary class=\"toc-chapter-header\">\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-badge\">CH 6<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-title\">Stores, QA & Miscellaneous<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-chev\">▶<\/span>\r\n <\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrap\">\r\n <ul class=\"toc-sub-list\">\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">6.1<\/span><a href=\"#c6-stores\">Purchase of Stores<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">6.2<\/span><a href=\"#c6-qa\">Quality Assurance \u2014 CTE & QA Wing<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">6.3<\/span><a href=\"#c6-disposal\">Disposal of Buildings & Stores<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">6.4<\/span><a href=\"#c6-consult\">Consultants, Hiring & Valuation<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li class=\"toc-app\"><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">★<\/span><a href=\"#c6-recap\">Chapter 6 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/a><\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n\r\n <details class=\"toc-chapter\" data-chapter=\"7\">\r\n <summary class=\"toc-chapter-header\">\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-badge\">CH 7<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-title\">Maintenance Works (Part III)<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-chev\">▶<\/span>\r\n <\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrap\">\r\n <ul class=\"toc-sub-list\">\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">7.1<\/span><a href=\"#c7-class\">Classification & Modes<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">7.2<\/span><a href=\"#c7-powers\">Powers & Client Interface<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">7.3<\/span><a href=\"#c7-prelim\">Preliminaries \u2014 A\/A, T\/S, NIT<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">7.4<\/span><a href=\"#c7-deviation\">Deviation, Bidding & QA<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">7.5<\/span><a href=\"#c7-stores\">Stores & Miscellaneous<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li class=\"toc-app\"><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">★<\/span><a href=\"#c7-recap\">Chapter 7 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/a><\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n\r\n <details class=\"toc-chapter\" data-chapter=\"8\">\r\n <summary class=\"toc-chapter-header\">\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-badge\">CH 8<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-title\">Green Buildings & Sustainability<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"toc-ch-chev\">▶<\/span>\r\n <\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"toc-sub-wrap\">\r\n <ul class=\"toc-sub-list\">\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">8.1<\/span><a href=\"#c8-ghar\">GHAR & Green Certification<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">8.2<\/span><a href=\"#c8-tech\">Emerging Tech & C&D Waste<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">8.3<\/span><a href=\"#c8-policy\">Skill India & Make in India<\/a><\/li>\r\n <li class=\"toc-app\"><span class=\"toc-sub-num\">★<\/span><a href=\"#c8-recap\">Chapter 8 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/a><\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/aside>\r\n\r\n <main class=\"article\">\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"chapter-pane active\" id=\"pane-ch0\" data-chapter=\"0\">\r\n\r\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\" id=\"c0-what\">\r\n <span class=\"chapter-badge\">INTRO \u00b7 PART A<\/span>\r\n <h2>What This Manual Is<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"def-card\">\r\n <div class=\"def-label\">The document in one breath<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"def-text\">\r\n The <strong>CPWD Works Manual 2022<\/strong> is the guide book of the Central Public Works Department, published under the authority of the <strong>Director General, CPWD<\/strong> and launched by the Minister of Housing & Urban Affairs on <strong>CPWD Day, 12 July 2022<\/strong>, with immediate effect. It replaces the 2019 Manual, folding in every circular issued from <strong>2019 to June 2022<\/strong> plus GFR 2017, GeM, the Make-in-India regime and EPC contracting. Crucially, it <em>mandates<\/em> the provisions; the matching <strong>Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) 2022<\/strong> carry the detailed workflows.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c0-rules\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge teal\">§1<\/span>\r\n <h3>Manual vs SOP \u2014 and the Reading Rules<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>The Manual is arranged in the <strong>ordinary sequence of execution<\/strong> of construction and maintenance, including pre-construction and pre-maintenance activities. It is split into four Parts:<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cat-grid four\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-card a\"><span class=\"cat-badge\">I<\/span><div class=\"cat-title\">Part I \u2014 General<\/div><p>Functions, funds, budget and accounts \u2014 provisions common to both construction and maintenance.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card b\"><span class=\"cat-badge\">II<\/span><div class=\"cat-title\">Part II \u2014 Construction<\/div><p>Provisions related to construction works (Chapters 3\u20138).<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card c\"><span class=\"cat-badge\">III<\/span><div class=\"cat-title\">Part III \u2014 Maintenance<\/div><p>Provisions related to maintenance and repair works (Chapters 9\u201315).<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card e\"><span class=\"cat-badge\">IV<\/span><div class=\"cat-title\">Part IV \u2014 Green<\/div><p>Green Buildings and Sustainability Measures (Chapter 16).<\/p><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">The order-of-precedence rule (a classic exam trap)<\/div>\r\n <p>Where the Manual\/SOPs conflict with the <strong>General Conditions of Contract (GCC)<\/strong>, the <strong>GCC prevails in contract management<\/strong>. Above everything, <strong>Acts and laws notified by Government, GFR provisions and CVC guidelines prevail<\/strong> over the Manual and SOPs. The Manual must be read as imposing a <strong>positive duty<\/strong> on CPWD officers for timely delivery of works with quality.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Exercise & relaxation of powers<\/div>\r\n <p>A <strong>higher authority may always exercise powers delegated to a lower authority<\/strong>; if a lower authority fails to act, the higher authority may step in \u2014 but <strong>with recorded reasons<\/strong>. Relaxation of any SOP provision in the interest of the work is allowed by an officer <strong>not below ADG\/SDG with recorded reasons<\/strong>. The \"Compendium of Financial Powers Delegated to CPWD Officers\" sits in <strong>SOP Annexure-66<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c0-salient\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge amber\">§2<\/span>\r\n <h3>The 44 Salient Features \u2014 the high-yield headline changes<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>The Manual lists 44 salient features; these are the ones most worth memorising as quick-fire facts:<\/p>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:34%;\">Theme<\/th><th>What changed in 2022<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Structure<\/td><td>Mandatory provisions kept in the Manual; operating procedures moved to <strong>SOPs<\/strong>. Workflows redesigned to minimum approval levels \u2014 essentially <strong>T\/S Authority + Site Engineers<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Technical Sanction<\/td><td>Definition of T\/S simplified. <strong>No T\/S for \"Design and Build\"\/EPC contracts.<\/strong> For maintenance, T\/S only for <strong>rehabilitation works<\/strong>, not general maintenance. Revised T\/S only on deviation in scope due to <strong>structural requirements<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Excess over A\/A & E\/S<\/td><td>No expenditure over A\/A & E\/S without client approval; for MoHUA budgetary works, excess <strong>up to 10%<\/strong> allowed.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Reports & PPR<\/td><td><strong>Preliminary Project Report (PPR)<\/strong> for works > <strong>Rs 10 Cr<\/strong>; presentation to client for projects above <strong>Rs 100 Cr<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Quality<\/td><td>QA team at circle level <strong>dispensed with<\/strong>; <strong>Engineer-in-Charge responsible for overall quality<\/strong>; TPQA limit per Directorate directions.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Disputes<\/td><td>Dispute Resolution Committee (DRC) <strong>dispensed with<\/strong>; conciliation\/arbitration procedure modified.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Measurement & payment<\/td><td>All measurements via <strong>e-MB module on PFMS<\/strong>; time schedule for bill payment defined; <strong>testing charges borne by contractor<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">New provisions<\/td><td><strong>SPV<\/strong> & <strong>IEM<\/strong> for large projects; <strong>Global Tender Enquiry (GTE)<\/strong>; order of preference in EPC mode; Regional Audit Committees reconstituted.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Green<\/td><td><strong>GHAR Green-level certification mandatory for works \u2265 Rs 50 Cr.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c0-glossary\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge purple\">§3<\/span>\r\n <h3>Glossary of Abbreviations You Must Know<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th>Abbr.<\/th><th>Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">A\/A & E\/S<\/td><td>Administrative Approval & Expenditure Sanction<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">T\/S<\/td><td>Technical Sanction<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">PE \/ DE \/ DPR<\/td><td>Preliminary Estimate \/ Detailed Estimate \/ Detailed Project Report<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">NIT \/ NIQ<\/td><td>Notice Inviting Tender \/ Notice Inviting Quotations<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">EMD \/ PG<\/td><td>Earnest Money Deposit \/ Performance Guarantee<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">GCC<\/td><td>General Conditions of Contract<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">EPC<\/td><td>Engineering, Procurement and Construction<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">GeM \/ GFR<\/td><td>Government e-Marketplace \/ General Financial Rule<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">PFMS<\/td><td>Public Financial Management System<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">MB \/ MAS<\/td><td>Measurement Book \/ Material at Site<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CSSA<\/td><td>Cash Settlement Suspense Account<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">DC<\/td><td>Departmental Charges (agency charges levied by CPWD)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">SOR<\/td><td>Schedule of Rates<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">TPQA<\/td><td>Third Party Quality Assurance<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CTE<\/td><td>Chief Technical Examiner (technical wing of CVC)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">IEM<\/td><td>Independent External Monitor<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">DG \/ ADG \/ SDG<\/td><td>Director General \/ Additional DG \/ Special DG<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CE \/ SE \/ EE \/ AE \/ JE<\/td><td>Chief \/ Superintending \/ Executive \/ Assistant Engineer \/ Junior Engineer<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">E-in-C<\/td><td>Engineer-in-Charge<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CCA \/ PAO \/ DDO<\/td><td>Chief Controller of Accounts \/ Pay & Accounts Officer \/ Drawing & Disbursing Officer<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">MoHUA \/ MoUD<\/td><td>Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs \/ Ministry of Urban Development<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">PAC<\/td><td>Public Accounts Committee<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">A\/R & M\/O<\/td><td>Annual Repair and Maintenance Of<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c0-defs\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge gold\">§4<\/span>\r\n <h3>Key Definitions \u2014 exact wording examiners reward<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:26%;\">Term<\/th><th>Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">A\/A & E\/S<\/td><td>Communication of formal acceptance of the proposals by the competent authority of the requisitioning Administrative Ministry\/Department.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Technical Sanction<\/td><td>A certificate that the detailed estimate has been prepared and approved on the basis of a properly detailed design.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Preliminary Estimate<\/td><td>Estimate on a <strong>plinth-area cost basis<\/strong> (CPWD Plinth Area Rates) or any other method, without detailed items, for obtaining A\/A & E\/S.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Detailed Estimate<\/td><td>Complete estimate based on SOR rates for covered items and market rates for the rest, supported by detailed drawings and specifications.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Enabling \/ Rough Cost Estimate<\/td><td>Enabling = for pre-construction activities. Rough Cost = approximate cost on client request, with or without preliminary design.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Original Works<\/td><td>All new constructions, site preparation, additions\/alterations, special repairs to newly purchased\/abandoned buildings, including re-modelling or replacement.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Minor Works<\/td><td>Works that <strong>add capital value to existing assets but do not create new assets<\/strong> (treated as Original Works under Capital Head per GFR Rule 130).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Deposit Work<\/td><td>Construction\/repair financed from Govt grants to autonomous bodies via their Ministries, or from non-Government sources \u2014 funds of public nature not in Union accounts, or public contributions.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Emergent vs Urgent Works<\/td><td><strong>Emergent<\/strong>: arises suddenly, inescapable, brooks no delay. <strong>Urgent<\/strong>: needs fast start\/completion in a compressed schedule on top priority \u2014 <em>not at par with emergency works<\/em>; funds must be ensured first.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Extra Item \/ Substitute Item<\/td><td>Extra = completely new item in addition to the schedule. Substitute = executed in place of a scheduled item.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Contingencies<\/td><td>Estimate provision for unforeseen incidental expenses of miscellaneous character, contingent to completing the work.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Engineer-in-Charge<\/td><td>The officer (or representative) entering into the agreement with the contractor on behalf of the President of India.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Earnest Money<\/td><td>Security paid by a bidder against backing out before acceptance or refusing to execute after award.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"highlight-box\">\r\n <div class=\"hl-label\">⭐ Anchor facts to lock in<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"hl-text\">CPWD works \"for and on behalf of the <strong>President of India<\/strong>\" (Article 299(1)). The Preamble pledges <strong>Customer Satisfaction through Quality, Timely Delivery and Transparency<\/strong>, with Sustainable Development. The Manual's strapline \u2014 <strong>168 years of CPWD's dedicated service to the Nation<\/strong>.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"recap\" id=\"c0-recap\">\r\n <div class=\"recap-title\">⚡ Intro \u2014 Quick Recap<\/div>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Concept<\/th><th>Key Fact<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td>Launched \/ effective<\/td><td><strong>12 July 2022<\/strong> (CPWD Day), immediate effect; replaces 2019 Manual<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Published under<\/td><td>Authority of <strong>DG, CPWD<\/strong>; covers circulars 2019\u2013June 2022<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Manual vs SOP<\/td><td>Manual = <strong>mandate\/provisions<\/strong>; SOP = workflows<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Four Parts<\/td><td>I General \u00b7 II Construction \u00b7 III Maintenance \u00b7 IV Green<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Order of precedence<\/td><td>Acts\/GFR\/CVC > GCC (in contract mgmt) > Manual\/SOP<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Relaxation of SOP<\/td><td>By officer <strong>not below ADG\/SDG<\/strong>, recorded reasons<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Compendium of Powers<\/td><td>In <strong>SOP Annexure-66<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>PPR \/ presentation<\/td><td>PPR > <strong>Rs 10 Cr<\/strong>; presentation > <strong>Rs 100 Cr<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Green certification<\/td><td>GHAR Green-level mandatory \u2265 <strong>Rs 50 Cr<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"chapter-pane\" id=\"pane-ch1\" data-chapter=\"1\">\r\n\r\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\" id=\"c1-functions\">\r\n <span class=\"chapter-badge\">CH 1 \u00b7 PART I<\/span>\r\n <h2>General Provisions \u2014 Functions of CPWD<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"def-card\">\r\n <div class=\"def-label\">What this chapter does<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"def-text\">\r\n Chapter 1 opens <strong>Part I<\/strong> and sets the institutional frame: what CPWD does, the standard contract forms it uses, how works are funded, the <strong>Works Boards<\/strong> that approve tenders, and the special category of <strong>works of inescapable nature<\/strong> (emergent and urgent).\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>CPWD is the Central Government agency operating throughout the country for four functions:<\/p>\r\n <ol class=\"parts-list decimal\">\r\n <li><strong>Planning, construction, maintenance and repairs<\/strong> of all buildings and other works assigned by Central Government Ministries, Departments, PSUs, autonomous bodies and other organizations.<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>Valuation of properties\/assets<\/strong> when requested by statutory authorities such as Income Tax, ED, CBI.<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>Assessment of rent<\/strong> for hiring private properties and valuation for purchase by Ministries\/Departments.<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>Advising the Government of India<\/strong> on technical matters relating to public works.<\/li>\r\n <\/ol>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c1-forms\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge teal\">§1<\/span>\r\n <h3>Standard Forms of Contract (memorise the CPWD form numbers)<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:30%;\">Form<\/th><th>Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CPWD Form 7<\/td><td><strong>Percentage Rate Tender<\/strong> \u2014 rates quoted as % above\/below the estimated cost.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CPWD Form 8<\/td><td><strong>Item Rate Tender<\/strong> \u2014 rates against each item; used where most items are non-scheduled\/specialized.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CPWD Form 9<\/td><td><strong>Supply of materials<\/strong> \u2014 rates for supply of materials, raw or finished.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CPWD Form 10<\/td><td><strong>Piece Work<\/strong> \u2014 to start work in anticipation of formal acceptance; cancelled once regular contract is signed.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CPWD Form 11A<\/td><td><strong>Work Order<\/strong> \u2014 works awarded without call of tender; binds quantity and time.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CPWD Form 12<\/td><td><strong>Lump sum Contract<\/strong> \u2014 lump sum amount for given designs\/specifications\/functional requirements.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">CPWD Form 47<\/td><td><strong>Demolition of Buildings<\/strong> \u2014 demolition and removal of debris.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Annual Rate Contract<\/td><td>For <strong>repetitive minor \/ A&A works<\/strong> needing immediate start and uniform rates; agencies fixed before the financial year.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">World Bank Documents<\/td><td>Standard WB bidding documents for WB-aided works; only work-specific changes acceptable to the Bank; \"Employer\"\/\"Engineer\" substituted with CPWD\/EE.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">EPC form<\/td><td>For EPC works \u2014 rates\/percentage on estimated cost per NIT conditions.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c1-funding\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge amber\">§2<\/span>\r\n <h3>Five Modes of Funding Works<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cat-grid\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-card a\"><div class=\"cat-label\">Mode 1<\/div><div class=\"cat-title\">Letter of Authorization<\/div><p>PAO of client department authorizes PAO of CPWD\/MoHUA to charge expenditure to the client's Heads of Account \u2014 used for inter-departmental fund transfer within GoI.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card b\"><div class=\"cat-label\">Mode 2<\/div><div class=\"cat-title\">Budgeted Works<\/div><p>Outlay from Union financial estimates, voted by both Houses, through MoHUA.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card c\"><div class=\"cat-label\">Mode 3<\/div><div class=\"cat-title\">Deposit<\/div><p>For works of State governments, local bodies, PSUs, autonomous organizations.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card d\"><div class=\"cat-label\">Mode 4<\/div><div class=\"cat-title\">CSSA<\/div><p>Cash Settlement Suspense Account \u2014 for Cabinet Secretariat and Ministry of Defence works; expenditure first booked in suspense, then billed to client; LOC given by CCA against client assurances.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card e\"><div class=\"cat-label\">Mode 5<\/div><div class=\"cat-title\">Foreign Funding<\/div><p>Project executed in India but completely funded by foreign countries.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c1-boards\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge purple\">§3<\/span>\r\n <h3>Central & Regional Works Boards<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cat-grid\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-card a\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-label\">For approval of tenders & misc. matters<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-title\">Central Works Board<\/div>\r\n <p>Chairman + four Members. <strong>DG, CPWD = Chairman<\/strong>; Members are Director (Works) MoHUA, CCA MoHUA, and CE CSQ (Civil). <strong>Director (Finance), CPWD = Secretary<\/strong>. May co-opt experts\/Department reps for specialized projects (aviation, factory works).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card b\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-label\">Within territorial jurisdiction of SDG<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-title\">Regional Works Board (RWB)<\/div>\r\n <p>Chairman + three Members. <strong>Special DG concerned = Chairman<\/strong>; ADG of region and Director(Finance)\/CCA representative as Members; concerned CE\/SE presents the case. <strong>CE(W&TLQA) = Member Secretary.<\/strong> May co-opt the client representative.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c1-inescapable\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge red\">§4<\/span>\r\n <h3>Works of Inescapable Nature \u2014 Emergent & Urgent<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout red\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Emergent Works<\/div>\r\n <p>Works arising <strong>all of a sudden<\/strong>, of inescapable nature, brooking no delay \u2014 natural calamities (earthquake, flood, etc.), explosions\/fire\/war\/terror attack, restoration of essential services, ceremonial functions on death of President\/VP\/PM (and ex-holders), restoration in buildings of national importance, critical hospital services, and any work declared emergent by the CE (or next authority). The competent authority (<strong>CE\/ADG\/SDG<\/strong>) must record a certificate that the work (a) arose suddenly and (b) is inescapable, brooking no delay. Executed <strong>without call of tenders<\/strong> via work order or hand receipt after <strong>spot quotations collected by officers not below AE\/AEE<\/strong>. <em>Normal works needing a compressed schedule are NOT emergent.<\/em><\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Urgent Works<\/div>\r\n <p><strong>Not at par with emergency works.<\/strong> Need early start\/completion in a compressed schedule on top priority; <strong>availability of funds must be ensured first<\/strong>. E-in-C assesses urgency. Work orders normally placed after open call of quotations (web publicity) for works <strong>up to Rs 5 lakh<\/strong>; works <strong>above Rs 5 lakh<\/strong> go through e-tendering. In exigencies, spot quotations with recorded reasons. Details of both emergent and urgent works are compiled <strong>quarterly<\/strong> by each circle\/zone (SE\/CE) and submitted to ADG\/SDG.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>For any clarification or amendment, technical\/engineering matters go to <strong>DG, CPWD<\/strong> (Technical Adviser to GoI); financial-policy or delegation matters go to <strong>MoHUA<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"recap\" id=\"c1-recap\">\r\n <div class=\"recap-title\">⚡ Chapter 1 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/div>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Concept<\/th><th>Key Fact<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td>CPWD functions<\/td><td>Construction\/maintenance \u00b7 valuation \u00b7 rent assessment \u00b7 technical advice<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Form 7 \/ 8<\/td><td>Percentage Rate \/ Item Rate Tender<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Form 11A \/ 12 \/ 47<\/td><td>Work Order \/ Lump sum \/ Demolition<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Funding modes<\/td><td>Letter of Authorization \u00b7 Budgeted \u00b7 Deposit \u00b7 <strong>CSSA<\/strong> \u00b7 Foreign<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Central Works Board chair<\/td><td><strong>DG, CPWD<\/strong>; Secretary = Director(Finance)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>RWB chair \/ Member Secy<\/td><td>Special DG \/ CE(W&TLQA)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Emergent certificate by<\/td><td>CE\/ADG\/SDG (sudden + inescapable)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Spot quotations by<\/td><td>Officers <strong>not below AE\/AEE<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Urgent works web threshold<\/td><td>Up to <strong>Rs 5 lakh<\/strong> quotations; above \u2192 e-tender<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Clarifications<\/td><td>Technical \u2192 DG CPWD \u00b7 Financial \u2192 MoHUA<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"chapter-pane\" id=\"pane-ch2\" data-chapter=\"2\">\r\n\r\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\" id=\"c2-docs\">\r\n <span class=\"chapter-badge\">CH 2 \u00b7 PART I<\/span>\r\n <h2>Budget & Reconciliation of Accounts<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"def-card\">\r\n <div class=\"def-label\">What this chapter does<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"def-text\">\r\n Chapter 2 is the accounts-and-budget heart of Part I: the mandatory documents of accounts, the budget machinery (Consolidated Fund, demands for grants, New Service), surrender of savings, supplementary demands, appropriation\/re-appropriation, reconciliation, and the audit framework with the <strong>Public Accounts Committee (PAC)<\/strong>.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h4>The five mandatory documents of accounts (per CPWD Accounts Code & O\/o CCA, MoHUA)<\/h4>\r\n <div class=\"cat-grid\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-card a\"><div class=\"cat-title\">Bills Register<\/div><p>Record of bills.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card b\"><div class=\"cat-title\">Contractor's Ledger<\/div><p>Account of each contractor.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card c\"><div class=\"cat-title\">Register of Works<\/div><p>Work-wise expenditure record.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card d\"><div class=\"cat-title\">Materials Account<\/div><p>Account of materials.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card e\"><div class=\"cat-title\">Cash Book<\/div><p>Record of cash transactions.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Budget basics<\/div>\r\n <p>The Budget is the <strong>Annual Financial Statement<\/strong> of all Central Government transactions (in and outside India) for the current and ensuing year; instructions come from the <strong>Budget Division, Ministry of Finance<\/strong>. The <strong>Director General is the budget authority<\/strong> for all CPWD budget proposals to MoHUA. Losses of Government assets follow <strong>GFR 2017<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c2-cfi\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge amber\">§1<\/span>\r\n <h3>Consolidated Fund, New Service & Charged Expenditure<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"def-card\">\r\n <div class=\"def-label\">Consolidated Fund of India<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"def-text\">\r\n Formed by all revenues received, loans raised, and recoveries of loans. All expenditure is met from it, as authorised by the legislature. All Parliamentary appropriations <strong>expire at the end of the financial year<\/strong> \u2014 unutilized funds <strong>\"lapse\"<\/strong> and cannot be carried over.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">New Service vs New Instrument of Service<\/div>\r\n <p><strong>\"New Service\"<\/strong> = expenditure from a new policy decision not earlier brought to Parliament. <strong>\"New Instrument of Service\"<\/strong> = relatively large expenditure from important expansion of an existing activity. <strong>Neither can be incurred from the Consolidated Fund without prior Parliamentary approval through a Supplementary Grant.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Charged expenditure \u2014 the key carve-outs<\/div>\r\n <p>Court-decree satisfaction on budgeted works is generally <strong>Charged<\/strong>. But payments are <strong>NOT<\/strong> treated as Charged when they are: awards under the <strong>Land Acquisition Act<\/strong>, compensation under the <strong>Workmen's Compensation Act 1923<\/strong>, arbitrator awards under the <strong>Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996<\/strong>, awards under the <strong>Industrial Disputes Act 1947<\/strong> (all paid from the <strong>Voted<\/strong> portion), and refunds of revenue\/security deposits in Public Accounts. A forfeited deposit refund <em>is<\/em> Charged. For deposit works, awards are charged to the work in all cases.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">📅 Budget calendar dates to lock<\/div>\r\n <p>New construction proposals (projects other than MoHUA) sent by CE\/Budgetary Head to Director(Fin), CPWD by <strong>31 August<\/strong>; Director(Finance) forwards findings to MoHUA by <strong>30 September<\/strong>. Revenue estimates submitted to CCA, MoHUA by <strong>30 November<\/strong>. Form-8 statement of excesses\/savings submitted to the Ministry by <strong>end December<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c2-savings\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge red\">§2<\/span>\r\n <h3>Savings, Excesses & Supplementary Demands<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Surrender of savings (Rule 62, GFR 2017)<\/div>\r\n <p>Anticipated savings must be surrendered <strong>sufficiently in advance<\/strong> of year-end, as soon as foreseen \u2014 <strong>not held in reserve for future excesses<\/strong>. Savings arise from postponement of expenditure, economy, or original over-estimating.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>Where authorized appropriation is insufficient or a new service arises mid-year, a <strong>Supplementary Demands for Grants<\/strong> proposal goes to Parliament. If money is spent in excess of the granted amount, the demand for that excess is laid before both Houses for authorization (subject to the PAC report). Under <strong>Rule 66, GFR<\/strong>, if savings aren't available within the grant or the expenditure is on New Service, a Supplementary Grant\/Appropriation under <strong>Article 115(1)<\/strong> of the Constitution is needed before payment.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"highlight-box\">\r\n <div class=\"hl-label\">📊 The expenditure-pace rule (high-yield)<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"hl-text\">Per MoF guidelines, <strong>last-quarter expenditure should not exceed 33% of BE<\/strong>, and <strong>March expenditure should not exceed 15%<\/strong>. Rush of expenditure in any month must be avoided. A quarterly expenditure review runs until end-September, then monthly until February.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c2-approp\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge teal\">§3<\/span>\r\n <h3>Appropriation Account & Re-appropriation<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>The <strong>Appropriation Account<\/strong> compares total grants (original + supplementary) with actual expenditure, explaining variations (excess or saving) under each sub-head. Reasons for variation are required when, broadly, the <strong>excess exceeds 10%<\/strong> of the total sanctioned provision or the <strong>saving exceeds 10%<\/strong> of the original\/supplementary provision (or as prescribed, whichever is higher).<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Re-appropriation<\/div>\r\n <p>A transfer of funds from one primary unit of appropriation to another, sanctioned only by the competent authority under <strong>DFPR<\/strong> (and <strong>Rule 65, GFR 2017<\/strong>). Transfer <em>within<\/em> one primary unit across two or more Zones is <strong>not<\/strong> re-appropriation (Appropriation Accounts are prepared on total grant per primary unit across all Zones). Re-appropriation orders increasing a sub-head beyond the prescribed limit are reported to Parliament with the final Supplementary Demands batch.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p><strong>Reconciliation:<\/strong> Budget controlling authorities and the concerned DDO\/Divisional Officer\/AAO are jointly responsible for reconciling departmental figures with PAO books \u2014 done <strong>monthly<\/strong>, initial responsibility with the Accounts Officer. CEs\/DG maintain consolidated Zone-wise, grant-wise records in <strong>Form GFR 12<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c2-audit\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge purple\">§4<\/span>\r\n <h3>Audit, Audit Committees & the PAC<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>Under <strong>Departmentalization of Accounts<\/strong>, the Chief Accounting Authority (<strong>Secretary<\/strong>) is responsible for monthly\/annual accounts; CCA, MoHUA prepares the audited Appropriation Accounts and submits them to the <strong>CGA, Ministry of Finance<\/strong>. <strong>Internal Audit<\/strong> of Divisions\/Offices is done by the <strong>CCA office<\/strong>; <strong>External Audit<\/strong> by the <strong>CAG office<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th>Audit Committee<\/th><th>Chairman<\/th><th>Meets<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Central Audit Committee<\/td><td>DG, CPWD<\/td><td><strong>Half-yearly<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Regional Audit Committee<\/td><td>SDG\/ADG of Project Region\/Region<\/td><td><strong>Quarterly<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Zonal\/Circle Audit Committee<\/td><td>CE\/SE of the Zone\/Circle<\/td><td><strong>Monthly<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Public Accounts Committee (PAC)<\/div>\r\n <p>A \"miniature Parliament\" with Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha representatives. The <strong>Secretary<\/strong> represents the Government in PAC meetings; <strong>DG (CPWD)<\/strong> and SDG\/ADG\/CE assist with information. The PAC satisfies itself that disbursed amounts were legally available, expenditure conformed to authority, and every re-appropriation followed the rules.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"recap\" id=\"c2-recap\">\r\n <div class=\"recap-title\">⚡ Chapter 2 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/div>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Concept<\/th><th>Key Fact<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td>5 accounts documents<\/td><td>Bills Register \u00b7 Contractor's Ledger \u00b7 Register of Works \u00b7 Materials Account \u00b7 Cash Book<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Budget authority<\/td><td><strong>Director General, CPWD<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Unspent funds<\/td><td><strong>Lapse<\/strong> at year-end (Consolidated Fund)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>New Service\/Instrument<\/td><td>Needs prior Parliament approval (Supplementary Grant)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Supplementary Grant article<\/td><td><strong>Article 115(1)<\/strong>; GFR Rule 66<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Surrender of savings<\/td><td>GFR <strong>Rule 62<\/strong>; not held in reserve<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Expenditure pace<\/td><td>Last quarter \u2264 <strong>33% BE<\/strong>; March \u2264 <strong>15%<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Re-appropriation<\/td><td>GFR <strong>Rule 65<\/strong> \/ DFPR; reconciliation monthly (Form GFR 12)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Internal \/ External audit<\/td><td><strong>CCA<\/strong> office \/ <strong>CAG<\/strong> office<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Audit Committees meet<\/td><td>Central half-yearly \u00b7 Regional quarterly \u00b7 Zonal\/Circle monthly<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>PAC represented by<\/td><td><strong>Secretary<\/strong>; DG & SDG\/ADG\/CE assist<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"chapter-pane\" id=\"pane-ch3\" data-chapter=\"3\">\r\n\r\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\" id=\"c3-class\">\r\n <span class=\"chapter-badge\">CH 3 \u00b7 PART II<\/span>\r\n <h2>Construction \u2014 General Provisions & Pre-construction<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"def-card\">\r\n <div class=\"def-label\">What this chapter does<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"def-text\">\r\n Chapter 3 opens <strong>Part II (Construction)<\/strong> and walks the pre-construction chain: classifying construction works, preparing the estimate ladder (PE \u2192 DPR\/DE), according <strong>A\/A & E\/S<\/strong> and <strong>Technical Sanction<\/strong>, contingencies, Departmental Charges, the Schedule of Rates, plus the special rules for <strong>Deposit<\/strong> and <strong>Specialized<\/strong> works.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p><strong>Construction works<\/strong> are all new constructions, rehabilitation and seismic retrofitting works, charged to capital heads. All pre-construction activities are coordinated by the <strong>T\/S Authority<\/strong> (the officer under whose T\/S powers the A\/A & E\/S amount is expected to fall).<\/p>\r\n\r\n <h4>The estimate & sanction chain<\/h4>\r\n <div class=\"flow\">\r\n <div class=\"flow-step\"><div class=\"flow-num\">1<\/div><div class=\"flow-content\"><h5>Client requisition \u2192 PE \/ Enabling \/ Rough Cost Estimate<\/h5><p>Prepared and submitted to the client for A\/A & E\/S. An MoU may be signed (magnitude notified by Directorate); if no MoU, its provisions are written into the PE.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"flow-step\"><div class=\"flow-num\">2<\/div><div class=\"flow-content\"><h5>DPR \/ Detailed Estimate<\/h5><p>DPR if the client needs it for A\/A & E\/S. On receipt of A\/A & E\/S, the DE is prepared after ensuring an encumbrance-free site.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"flow-step\"><div class=\"flow-num\">3<\/div><div class=\"flow-content\"><h5>A\/A & E\/S accorded<\/h5><p>By the competent authority of the Administrative Ministry\/Department\/Client, on the basis of PE\/DPR.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"flow-step\"><div class=\"flow-num\">4<\/div><div class=\"flow-content\"><h5>Technical Sanction accorded<\/h5><p>Before inviting tenders (for percentage\/item rate tenders), then NIT and award.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c3-aaes\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge teal\">§1<\/span>\r\n <h3>A\/A & E\/S and Technical Sanction<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">What a Technical Sanction comprises<\/div>\r\n <p>For percentage\/item rate tenders, the T\/S (issued <strong>before inviting tenders<\/strong>) consists of: T\/S Memo; A\/A & E\/S Memo\/Order; Detailed Estimate, detailed architectural drawings & specifications; Geotechnical Investigation Report; structural drawings for the foundation and preliminary structural drawings of the superstructure; and preliminary drawings for internal\/external services.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">The \"Design and Construct\"\/EPC exception<\/div>\r\n <p>For \"Design and Construct\"\/EPC contracts, <strong>Technical Sanction per the CPW Departmental Code is NOT applicable<\/strong> \u2014 the contractor takes full responsibility for design and execution. Scope, specifications, approved conceptual drawings and schedule of quantities are kept on record. <strong>Revised T\/S is required only on deviation in scope of work due to structural requirements.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>A T\/S Authority may <strong>combine<\/strong> sanctions for the same work into a single T\/S (provided the total falls within his competence), or <strong>split<\/strong> a sanction within his competence with recorded reasons. Government buildings are exempt from municipal bye-laws under <strong>Section 3, Government Buildings Act 1899<\/strong> \u2014 no approval of architectural drawings from local bodies, though the E-in-C must give notice before erection.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c3-sor\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge amber\">§2<\/span>\r\n <h3>Contingencies, Departmental Charges & SOR<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cat-grid\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-card a\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-label\">Provision in estimate<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-title\">Contingencies<\/div>\r\n <p>The T\/S Authority (after client approval) has full powers, up to tender acceptance limits, to execute smaller works cropping up during execution. Usable for site office, watch & ward, surveying, material testing, estimating, structural designing, architectural drawings, models, and hiring an inspection vehicle.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card c\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-label\">Agency charges by CPWD<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-title\">Departmental Charges (DC)<\/div>\r\n <p><strong>No DC for Government works.<\/strong> Levied for Private Organizations, Local bodies and PSUs (rates in SOP Annexure-5). No DC if a GoI organization's regularly-entrusted project doesn't take off even after plans\/estimates. For deposit works, E-in-C takes a funding certificate from the client.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Schedule of Rates (SOR) & Cost Index<\/div>\r\n <p>SOR for Delhi issued by <strong>DG, CPWD<\/strong>; SDGs issue SOR for their project regions. SORs are <strong>ordinarily revised once in two years<\/strong>. Cost index for Delhi issued by <strong>CE(CSQ) Civil<\/strong>; for other places by ADG \u2014 issued as on <strong>1 April and 1 October<\/strong> every year.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c3-deposit\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge purple\">§3<\/span>\r\n <h3>Deposit Works & Specialized Works<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Deposit Works<\/div>\r\n <p>CPWD officers have full powers to undertake deposit works up to their delegated T\/S powers (for works fully funded by Central\/State Govt., including PSUs and Govt-funded institutions). Before accepting any deposit, the competent officer sends the PE to the client. Scope must not be altered without the client's <strong>written permission<\/strong>. An <strong>MoU (SOP Annexure-4)<\/strong> is drawn before taking up the work; a combined MoU can cover multiple small works under one client.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Specialized Works<\/div>\r\n <p>Tenders for <strong>all<\/strong> specialized works are invited in <strong>Two\/Three Bid system<\/strong> from specialized agencies, CPWD and Non-CPWD contractors meeting eligibility. ADG\/SDG can declare any work specialized for their region (uploaded on CPWD website). Specialized E&M systems (Lifts, HVAC, DG sets, fire alarm, sub-station, wet riser & sprinkler) for MoHUA budgeted works should carry a <strong>5-year maintenance\/operation provision<\/strong>. On completion, the main agreement is closed and a <strong>supplementary agreement<\/strong> drawn for maintenance\/operation.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c3-excess\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge red\">§4<\/span>\r\n <h3>Excess Over A\/A & E\/S<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:42%;\">Situation<\/th><th>Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Deposit works & works on letter of authorization<\/td><td>Revised estimate submitted for expenditure in excess of <strong>10% of A\/A & E\/S<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Any work \u2014 general rule<\/td><td><strong>No excess over A\/A & E\/S without client approval<\/strong>; client informed and approval taken before incurring; revised PE submitted in time.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">MoHUA budgetary works<\/td><td>Excess <strong>up to 10%<\/strong> of A\/A & E\/S may be authorized by CPWD officers, provided the total (incl. excess) is within the officer's power to accord T\/S.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"recap\" id=\"c3-recap\">\r\n <div class=\"recap-title\">⚡ Chapter 3 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/div>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Concept<\/th><th>Key Fact<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td>Estimate ladder<\/td><td>PE\/Enabling\/Rough Cost \u2192 DPR\/DE \u2192 A\/A&E\/S \u2192 T\/S \u2192 NIT<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Pre-construction coordinated by<\/td><td><strong>T\/S Authority<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>T\/S issued<\/td><td><strong>Before inviting tenders<\/strong> (percentage\/item rate)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>EPC \/ Design & Construct<\/td><td><strong>No T\/S<\/strong>; revised T\/S only on structural scope deviation<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Govt buildings & bye-laws<\/td><td>Exempt \u2014 <strong>Section 3, Government Buildings Act 1899<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Departmental Charges<\/td><td><strong>None for Govt works<\/strong>; levied on Private\/Local body\/PSU<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>SOR revision<\/td><td>Once in <strong>two years<\/strong>; cost index on 1 Apr & 1 Oct<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Specialized works tendering<\/td><td>Always <strong>Two\/Three Bid<\/strong>; 5-yr maint. for E&M systems<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Excess (MoHUA budgetary)<\/td><td>Up to <strong>10%<\/strong> of A\/A & E\/S, within T\/S power<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"chapter-pane\" id=\"pane-ch4\" data-chapter=\"4\">\r\n\r\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\" id=\"c4-without\">\r\n <span class=\"chapter-badge\">CH 4 \u00b7 PART II<\/span>\r\n <h2>Modes of Bidding System<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"def-card\">\r\n <div class=\"def-label\">What this chapter does<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"def-text\">\r\n Chapter 4 covers how work is awarded: without call of tenders, the price-preference schemes for labour co-ops and SC\/ST contractors, mandatory <strong>e-tendering<\/strong>, the types of tenders (restricted, composite, two\/three-bid, GTE), <strong>EPC contracts<\/strong> and the SPV, and the rules for the NIT, its publicity and validity.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>Work awarded <strong>after call of quotations<\/strong> is construed as awarded without call of tenders. Normally tenders are called for all works; precise reasons must be recorded by the E-in-C before dispensing with the call.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c4-scst\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge teal\">§1<\/span>\r\n <h3>Labour Co-operatives & SC\/ST Price Preference<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Registered Labour Co-operative Societies<\/div>\r\n <p>Works up to the fixed limit awarded at current market rates without call of tenders. <strong>EMD exempted up to Rs 3 lakh<\/strong> (Security Deposit still deducted from bills). Monthly running payments if work executed > <strong>Rs 50,000<\/strong>. Such works don't count toward the annual ceiling for work orders.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:34%;\">SC\/ST contractor band<\/th><th>Concession<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Up to Rs 2.50 lakh<\/td><td>Price preference up to <strong>5%<\/strong> (vs lowest valid bid); tenders even from non-registered contractors; <strong>no earnest money<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">> Rs 2.50 lakh and up to Rs 5.75 lakh<\/td><td>Price preference up to <strong>5%<\/strong>; only registered contractors; earnest money at a reduced rate of <strong>\u00bd%<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <p>The 5% preference is computed on the lowest valid tenderer's quoted amount, and is subject to justification of rates (Para 5.1.6). These concessions were admissible up to <strong>31.12.2023<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c4-etender\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge amber\">§2<\/span>\r\n <h3>E-Tendering & Types of Tenders<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">E-Tendering (Rules 159 & 160, GFR 2017)<\/div>\r\n <p>Mandatory to e-publish all tender enquiries, RFPs, EOIs, pre-qualification notices and bid awards on the <strong>Central Public Procurement Portal (CPPP)<\/strong> and the Department's website, and to receive all bids through e-procurement portals. The CPWD platform is <strong>https:\/\/etender.cpwd.gov.in<\/strong> (linked to eprocure.gov.in). Cases requiring confidentiality for national security are exempted, approved by the <strong>Secretary with the Financial Adviser's concurrence<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:28%;\">Type<\/th><th>Essence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Restricted Tenders<\/td><td>Any value, with prior competent-authority approval and recorded reasons. Tenders from CPWD-registered contractors or via two\/three-bid are <strong>not<\/strong> restricted tenders.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Composite Tenders<\/td><td>Followed for <strong>all building and road works (irrespective of cost)<\/strong> \u2014 civil + horticulture + internal\/external electrical and services. T\/S Authority may dispense with recorded reasons.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Two Bid System<\/td><td>Bid-1 = Technical-cum-eligibility; Bid-2 = Financial.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Three Bid System<\/td><td>Bid-1 Eligibility; Bid-2 Technical specifications; Bid-3 Financial \u2014 where specs are finalized from bidder details.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Global Tender Enquiry (GTE)<\/td><td><strong>No GTE for tenders up to Rs 200 Cr<\/strong> (per MoF amendment to GFR Rule 161(iv)). Below this, exceptional GTE needs prior approval of Secretary (Coordination), Cabinet Secretariat.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Pre-bid conference & manual tendering<\/div>\r\n <p>A <strong>pre-bid conference<\/strong> clarifies doubts before submission; corrigenda go on the e-portal; it may be held more than once for complex works. <strong>Manual tendering<\/strong> is only an exceptional, recorded-reasons fallback.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c4-epc\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge purple\">§3<\/span>\r\n <h3>EPC Contracts & the Special Purpose Vehicle<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>Following the CCEA decision (NITI Aayog OM, 5 Sept 2016) to substitute item-rate contracts with EPC (Turnkey) where appropriate, the cut-off above which contracts are taken up on EPC methodology is <strong>Rs 100 Cr<\/strong>. Three modes exist, ranked by preference:<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cat-grid three\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-card a\"><span class=\"cat-badge\">I<\/span><div class=\"cat-title\">Mode I \u2014 Preferred<\/div><p>Engineering, Procurement & Construction fully contracted; <strong>conceptual drawings by CPWD Architects<\/strong>. Technology Neutral.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card b\"><span class=\"cat-badge\">II<\/span><div class=\"cat-title\">Mode II \u2014 Second<\/div><p>Architectural planning by CPWD\/Client architects; EPC contractor does E, P & C on that planning. Technology Neutral.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card c\"><span class=\"cat-badge\">III<\/span><div class=\"cat-title\">Mode III \u2014 Third<\/div><p>Architectural designs & engineering done in-house by CPWD\/consultant; EPC contractor executes. <strong>Technology Pre-Selected.<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">When Mode III may be used<\/div>\r\n <p>Only if: (a) client resolves for a particular technology, (b) client has finalized all drawings, or (c) functional\/site requirement demands. Pre-selection needs <strong>prior ADG\/SDG approval<\/strong> with justification. Estimated cost worked out on <strong>CPWD plinth-area rates<\/strong> with cost index; reasonableness of the L1 bid checked by CE\/NIT approving authority. Responsibility for investigation, design, planning, procurement, construction, safety, quality and risk lies with the <strong>contractor<\/strong>; soil report appended for indicative purpose only.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)<\/div>\r\n <p>On MoHUA\/Ministry requirement, DG CPWD may take up works on \"Alternate Mode\" funding via an <strong>SPV under the Company Act<\/strong> (after MoHUA approval), staffed by CPWD officers and <strong>governed by CVC and CAG rules<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c4-nit\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge red\">§4<\/span>\r\n <h3>NIT, Publicity & Validity<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>All tenders are invited <strong>\"For & on behalf of the President of India\"<\/strong>. The estimated cost put to tender is based on the rates in the T\/S. Before NIT approval, the checklist includes A\/A & E\/S (except emergent works), site availability, statutory clearances, T\/S (except Design-and-Build\/EPC & emergent works) and funds availability. <strong>Testing charges (incl. packaging, transport, testing) are borne by the contractor.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:46%;\">Bidding limit<\/th><th>System<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Up to max tendering limit of CPWD Class-I (B&R) contractors<\/td><td><strong>Single Bid<\/strong> (T\/S Authority may opt for Two\/Three Bid with recorded reasons + CE approval).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Above that limit<\/td><td><strong>Two\/Three Bid System.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">📅 Publicity & validity timelines<\/div>\r\n <p>Publicity period: <strong>7 days<\/strong> for works up to Rs 5 Cr; <strong>14 days<\/strong> for works > Rs 5 Cr (variable with recorded reasons, but never below <strong>3 days<\/strong>; corrigendum needs min 3 days). <strong>Validity:<\/strong> <strong>30 days<\/strong> from last date of receipt where only financial bids are invited; <strong>75 days<\/strong> from last date of technical bid in all other cases. The <strong>Executive Engineer<\/strong> is responsible for keeping validity alive.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>If no response or unreasonably high rates: open to next lower class (incl. Railways\/MES\/State PWD contractors) and\/or modify eligibility, after ADG\/SDG approval. If the lowest bidder backs out, re-tender transparently \u2014 and the backed-out contractor <strong>cannot participate<\/strong> in re-tendering.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"recap\" id=\"c4-recap\">\r\n <div class=\"recap-title\">⚡ Chapter 4 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/div>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Concept<\/th><th>Key Fact<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td>Labour co-op EMD exemption<\/td><td>Up to <strong>Rs 3 lakh<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>SC\/ST price preference<\/td><td><strong>5%<\/strong>; no EMD \u2264 Rs 2.5 L, \u00bd% EMD up to Rs 5.75 L<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>E-tendering rules<\/td><td>GFR <strong>159 & 160<\/strong>; CPPP + etender.cpwd.gov.in<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Composite tenders<\/td><td>All building & road works (any cost)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>GTE threshold<\/td><td>No GTE up to <strong>Rs 200 Cr<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>EPC cut-off<\/td><td><strong>Rs 100 Cr<\/strong>; Mode I preferred \u2192 II \u2192 III<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>SPV governed by<\/td><td>Company Act; <strong>CVC & CAG<\/strong> rules<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Tenders invited on behalf of<\/td><td><strong>President of India<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Publicity<\/td><td>7 days \u2264 Rs 5 Cr \u00b7 14 days > Rs 5 Cr \u00b7 min 3 days<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Validity<\/td><td><strong>30 days<\/strong> (financial only) \/ <strong>75 days<\/strong> (others)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Testing charges<\/td><td>Borne by <strong>contractor<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"chapter-pane\" id=\"pane-ch5\" data-chapter=\"5\">\r\n\r\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\" id=\"c5-emd\">\r\n <span class=\"chapter-badge\">CH 5 \u00b7 PART II<\/span>\r\n <h2>Contract Management<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"def-card\">\r\n <div class=\"def-label\">What this chapter does<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"def-text\">\r\n Chapter 5 is the longest and most number-heavy chapter: earnest money and its forfeiture, performance guarantee, security deposit, execution and quality of work, advances, extra\/deviation items, measurement, completion certificates, the payment schedule, and arbitration\/litigation. All contracts are executed by the E-in-C <strong>\"for and on behalf of the President of India\" (Article 299(1))<\/strong>.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Essential contract rules<\/div>\r\n <p>Standard forms adopted as far as possible; no work commenced without prior execution of contract (Indian Contract Act); terms once entered <strong>not materially varied<\/strong>; no uncertain\/indefinite liability without prior MoF consent. <strong>Integrity Pact<\/strong> provision in GCC, with <strong>IEM<\/strong> oversight (CVC Circular 05\/01\/22 dated 25.01.2022). Once a contract is determined, <strong>no revocation<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c5-emd2\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge teal\">§1<\/span>\r\n <h3>Earnest Money & Acceptance of Tenders<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:46%;\">Estimated cost band<\/th><th>Earnest Money<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Up to Rs 10 crore<\/td><td><strong>2%<\/strong> of the estimated cost.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">More than Rs 10 crore<\/td><td><strong>Rs 20 lakh + 1%<\/strong> of estimated cost put to tender in excess of Rs 10 crore.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Petty works \u2264 Rs 25,000<\/td><td>EE may, at discretion, dispense with EMD.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">EMD validity, refund & forfeiture<\/div>\r\n <p>BG as EMD valid <strong>90 days<\/strong> (financial bids only) \/ <strong>180 days<\/strong> (two\/three-bid) from submission. EMD of all but the lowest bidder refunded after bid validity or on acceptance of the successful bidder (whichever earlier); for two\/three-bid, technically-failed bidders refunded within <strong>30 days<\/strong> of technical result. Forfeiture: withdrawal\/modification <strong>within 7 days<\/strong> of last submission \u2192 forfeit <strong>50%<\/strong>; <strong>after 7 days<\/strong> \u2192 forfeit <strong>100%<\/strong>; failure to furnish PG \u2192 EMD <strong>fully forfeited automatically<\/strong> without notice. In all forfeiture cases the bidder is barred from re-tendering.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Justification & negotiation<\/div>\r\n <p>Justification of tenders is prepared by the E-in-C <strong>before opening Financial Bids<\/strong>, on market rates of material\/labour at site on the last day of receipt. Negotiations are <strong>not normally conducted<\/strong>; if necessary, restricted to the <strong>lowest bidder only<\/strong> in exceptional circumstances with the next higher authority's approval and recorded convincing reasons.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c5-pg\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge amber\">§2<\/span>\r\n <h3>Performance Guarantee, Security Deposit & Agreement<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Performance Guarantee (PG)<\/div>\r\n <p><strong>5% of the contract amount<\/strong>, valid for a minimum of <strong>60 days beyond completion<\/strong> of all contractual obligations. Submitted within (max) <strong>7 days of the Letter of Intent<\/strong>; extendable by another 7 days with per-day interest. For supplementary agreements, fresh PG @ 5% of that amount. <strong>EMD refunded on receipt of PG.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p><strong>Date of start:<\/strong> 3\u201310 days from issue of Letter of Intent (decided by NIT approving authority); commencement letter issued <strong>only after PG submitted<\/strong>. <strong>Security Deposit<\/strong> is deducted from running and final bills per GCC; agreement pages signed by E-in-C and contractor; the agreement record kept in <strong>Form CPWD 42<\/strong>; E-in-C is responsible for safe custody. Bank guarantees (EMD\/PG\/SD\/mobilization\/milestone) must be effectively monitored.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c5-exec\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge purple\">§3<\/span>\r\n <h3>Execution, Quality & Advances<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Responsibility for quality<\/div>\r\n <p>The officer who records\/test-checks measurements is responsible for the quality, quantity and dimensional accuracy of that item. <strong>The Engineer-in-Charge is responsible for the overall quality of work.<\/strong> Where TPQA is deployed, SE\/CE monitor compliance with TPQA observations. A <strong>QR-code<\/strong> with work details is displayed on site for public access.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:30%;\">Advance<\/th><th>Essence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Mobilization Advance<\/td><td>For specialized\/capital-intensive works; provision kept in tender per GCC; applicability indicated in Schedule 'F'.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Plant, Machinery & Shuttering Advance<\/td><td>For capital-intensive works, per GCC; applicability in Schedule 'F'.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Secured Advance<\/td><td>On materials brought to site, for a completed-item contract. Stage payments (E&M\/specialized) are <strong>not<\/strong> secured advance.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c5-ei\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge red\">§4<\/span>\r\n <h3>Extra\/Deviation Items & Measurement<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p><strong>Extra items<\/strong> are not in the agreement but needed to complete the work; <strong>deviation<\/strong> is increase\/decrease in agreement quantities. Rates worked out per <strong>Clause 12 of GCC<\/strong>. Deviation\/extra items are used <strong>exclusively for that work<\/strong>; total expenditure must not exceed A\/A & E\/S (except MoHUA budgetary works, where \u2264 10% over A\/A & E\/S). Casual reasons like \"required at site\" are not acceptable.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">⏱️ Time limits for sanction of extra\/deviation items<\/div>\r\n <p><strong>E-in-C within own competency:<\/strong> 30 days. <strong>Higher authority:<\/strong> submission by E-in-C 15 days \u2192 processing by planning unit next 15 days \u2192 decision next 15 days (7 days each where more than one higher authority). If the contractor submits no claim in the GCC period, the E-in-C initiates the item, intimating that no later claim will be entertained.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>All measurements are done per GCC and entered through the <strong>PFMS e-MB module<\/strong>. Inadmissible items claimed are recorded \"without prejudice\" for record only. Advance payments can be made on a running-account bill (Form CPWA 26) for work done\/measured-or-not-measured on the contractor's application. Sub-standard work is accepted (at reduced rates) only where conforming materials are unavailable, re-doing is structurally impossible, or CE\/SE finds it expedient.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Documentation of hindrances (online module)<\/div>\r\n <p>The physical Hindrance Register is <strong>dispensed with for works whose NIQ\/NIT was uploaded on\/after 19.02.2019<\/strong>. Contractor registers a hindrance online; JEs\/AEs comment within <strong>2 days<\/strong>, then EE acts within the next <strong>2 days<\/strong>. On a Clause-5.2 notice, the E-in-C replies <strong>within 10 days<\/strong>. All correspondence is considered for EOT\/rescheduling of milestones.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c5-completion\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge teal\">§5<\/span>\r\n <h3>Completion, Payment & Arbitration<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:46%;\">Completion certificate authority<\/th><th>Recorded by<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Building\/infrastructure \u2264 Rs 10 Cr<\/td><td>EE<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Building\/infrastructure > Rs 10 Cr<\/td><td>EE and SE or CE<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Horticulture \u2264 Rs 1 Cr<\/td><td>DDH<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">Horticulture > Rs 1 Cr<\/td><td>DDH and SE or CE<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <p>A <strong>provisional completion certificate<\/strong> (with a list of balance items) is recorded on substantial completion. The <strong>Occupancy Certificate<\/strong> (where required) is obtained from local bodies <strong>within 3 months<\/strong> of physical completion, monitored monthly. \"Completion\/As-Built\" drawings of all services are handed to the client and maintenance unit.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"highlight-box\">\r\n <div class=\"hl-label\">💵 The bill-payment schedule (high-yield)<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"hl-text\"><strong>Ad-hoc payment of 75%<\/strong> of the eligible running-account bill within <strong>10 working days<\/strong> of submission (5 days prima-facie scrutiny by AE+JE, 3 days accounts, 2 days EE). Remaining payment after final checking, within a maximum of <strong>28 working days<\/strong>. Delay beyond 10 days requires a written explanation to the next higher authority within 3 working days. All payments through <strong>PFMS<\/strong>, \"just-in-time\". Income tax deducted at source under <strong>Section 194C, Income Tax Act 1961<\/strong>; GST deducted per the GST Act.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Supplementary agreements & residual work<\/div>\r\n <p>A supplementary agreement is drawn for minor items not immediately executable (pre-requisite not contractor's responsibility, or maintenance\/operation post-completion). Residual work up to <strong>10% of the EE's\/SE's T\/S power<\/strong> may be decided by them; CE\/SE have full powers for residual parts within the sanctioned amount.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Arbitration & litigation<\/div>\r\n <p>Pre-arbitral and arbitration process per the contract's arbitration clause and the <strong>Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996<\/strong>; the arbitration clause comes into existence on issuance of <strong>LOI<\/strong>. For foreign-open tenders, an alternative <strong>international commercial arbitration<\/strong> provision is added after advice from the Ministry of Law and Justice. (Note: the <strong>Dispute Resolution Committee was dispensed with<\/strong> in the 2022 Manual.)<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"recap\" id=\"c5-recap\">\r\n <div class=\"recap-title\">⚡ Chapter 5 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/div>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Concept<\/th><th>Key Fact<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td>EMD rate<\/td><td><strong>2%<\/strong> (\u2264 Rs 10 Cr); Rs 20 L + 1% (> Rs 10 Cr)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>EMD forfeiture<\/td><td>50% within 7 days \u00b7 <strong>100% after 7 days<\/strong> \u00b7 100% if no PG<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Performance Guarantee<\/td><td><strong>5%<\/strong>; valid 60 days beyond completion; within 7 days of LOI<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Date of start<\/td><td>3\u201310 days from LOI<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Agreement record<\/td><td>Form <strong>CPWD 42<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Overall quality<\/td><td>Responsibility of the <strong>Engineer-in-Charge<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>EI\/deviation time limit (E-in-C)<\/td><td><strong>30 days<\/strong> within competency<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Measurements via<\/td><td><strong>PFMS e-MB module<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Ad-hoc payment<\/td><td><strong>75% within 10 working days<\/strong>; balance \u2264 28 working days<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>TDS \/ GST<\/td><td>Section <strong>194C<\/strong> IT Act 1961 \/ GST Act<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Occupancy certificate<\/td><td>Within <strong>3 months<\/strong> of physical completion<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Arbitration<\/td><td>Act of <strong>1996<\/strong>; clause on LOI; DRC dispensed with<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"chapter-pane\" id=\"pane-ch6\" data-chapter=\"6\">\r\n\r\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\" id=\"c6-stores\">\r\n <span class=\"chapter-badge\">CH 6 \u00b7 PART II<\/span>\r\n <h2>Stores, Quality Assurance & Miscellaneous<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"def-card\">\r\n <div class=\"def-label\">What this chapter does<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"def-text\">\r\n This pane gathers the closing chapters of Part II \u2014 Stores (Ch 6), Quality Assurance (Ch 7), and the broad Miscellaneous chapter (Ch 8) covering disposal of buildings and stores, consultants, hiring of accommodation, and property valuation.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Purchase of Stores (Chapter 6)<\/div>\r\n <p>Stipulation of material in contracts has been <strong>stopped<\/strong> in CPWD works, so purchase of stores normally does not arise. In exceptional circumstances, the <strong>\"Manual for Procurement of Goods and Services\"<\/strong> (Ministry of Finance, Department of Expenditure) is referred; the T\/S Authority decides eligibility and terms.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c6-qa\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge teal\">§1<\/span>\r\n <h3>Quality Assurance \u2014 CTE Organization & QA Wing (Chapter 7)<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cat-grid\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-card a\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-label\">Technical wing of the CVC<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-title\">Chief Technical Examiner's (CTE) Organization<\/div>\r\n <p>Conducts inspections of CPWD works from the <strong>vigilance angle<\/strong>, on its own or on a complaint, for works of <strong>any magnitude<\/strong> (original and repair). Quarterly returns of works-in-progress submitted to CTE. The E-in-C <strong>must not quote\/reference CTE inspections<\/strong> in correspondence with the contractor \u2014 CTE paras are issued as the E-in-C's own observations.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card b\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-label\">Total Quality Management<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-title\">Quality Assurance & Technical Audit Wing<\/div>\r\n <p>QA ensures progressively improved, uniform quality. For budgeted works, <strong>TPQA engaged for works above Rs 20 crore<\/strong> (or per Directorate). Where no TPQA, the QA units of Project Regions\/Regions do random checks. (Recall: the circle-level QA team was dispensed with, and the E-in-C carries overall quality responsibility.)<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c6-disposal\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge amber\">§2<\/span>\r\n <h3>Disposal of Buildings & Stores (Chapter 8)<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Disposal of Government buildings<\/div>\r\n <p>No building is disposed by sale\/demolition unless ascertained that it is not required by any Department, and\/or is dangerous\/beyond economic repair, or a vacant site is needed for a replacement. A <strong>survey report<\/strong> is prepared and sanctioned; then the <strong>reserve price<\/strong> is fixed on the assessed <strong>salvage value<\/strong> of dismantled materials. <em>Salvage value = cost of dismantled materials less the cost of dismantling.<\/em> For buildings not owned by CPWD\/DoE, the owner\/client's approval is needed.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Surplus \/ unserviceable stores & temporary structures<\/div>\r\n <p>Disposal by <strong>e-auction, sealed quotations or any suitable method<\/strong>. If unsellable even at scrap value, any other mode \u2014 including eco-friendly destruction \u2014 may be adopted. The E-in-C has full powers to fix the reserve price of purely temporary structures erected during construction.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c6-consult\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge purple\">§3<\/span>\r\n <h3>Consultants, Hiring & Valuation<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Engagement of private consultants<\/div>\r\n <p>ADG\/SDG appoints and prepares a panel of Private Architects\/Consultants per the <strong>\"Manual for Procurement of Consultancy and Other Services 2017\"<\/strong> (MoF). Engagement is by the <strong>T\/S Authority with recorded reasons<\/strong>, by calling bids from empanelled consultants. Consultant-prepared structural\/E&M designs are authenticated <strong>\"Good for Construction\" by CE\/SE\/EE\/AE<\/strong> before issue to the contractor (except EPC). Consultancy work may be assigned to <strong>IITs, NITs, Govt Engineering Colleges, CBRI<\/strong> and other Govt institutes <strong>without call of tenders<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Hiring of accommodation & valuation<\/div>\r\n <p>For hiring private accommodation for Central Govt departments at Delhi, the <strong>EE (License Fee), CPWD is Chairman<\/strong> of the Hiring Committee (with the Asst Director of Estates and Asst Director (Finance), MoHUA). EEs\/SEs\/CEs can hire private accommodation for <strong>storage<\/strong> within the sanctioned estimate. CPWD has <strong>encadred officers in the Income Tax Valuation cell<\/strong> for valuation of properties referred by Income Tax, Customs & Excise, CBI, ED \u2014 per the <strong>Guidelines for Valuation of Immovable Properties 2009 (CBDT)<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"recap\" id=\"c6-recap\">\r\n <div class=\"recap-title\">⚡ Chapter 6 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/div>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Concept<\/th><th>Key Fact<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td>Material stipulation<\/td><td><strong>Stopped<\/strong>; refer MoF Manual for Procurement of Goods<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>CTE Organization<\/td><td>Technical wing of <strong>CVC<\/strong>; vigilance-angle inspections, any magnitude<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>CTE in correspondence<\/td><td>E-in-C issues paras as <strong>own observations<\/strong>, no CTE reference<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>TPQA (budgeted works)<\/td><td>Engaged for works <strong>above Rs 20 crore<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Salvage value<\/td><td>Cost of dismantled materials <strong>less<\/strong> cost of dismantling<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Stores disposal<\/td><td>e-auction \/ sealed quotations; scrap value; eco-friendly destruction<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Consultants engaged by<\/td><td><strong>T\/S Authority<\/strong>, recorded reasons; panel by ADG\/SDG<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>\"Good for Construction\"<\/td><td>Authenticated by <strong>CE\/SE\/EE\/AE<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Hiring Committee chair (Delhi)<\/td><td><strong>EE (License Fee), CPWD<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Valuation guidelines<\/td><td><strong>CBDT 2009<\/strong> Guidelines for Valuation of Immovable Properties<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"chapter-pane\" id=\"pane-ch7\" data-chapter=\"7\">\r\n\r\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\" id=\"c7-class\">\r\n <span class=\"chapter-badge\">CH 7 \u00b7 PART III<\/span>\r\n <h2>Maintenance Works<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"def-card\">\r\n <div class=\"def-label\">What this chapter does<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"def-text\">\r\n This pane covers <strong>Part III (Maintenance Works, Chapters 9\u201315)<\/strong>. The governing principle: maintenance preliminaries, bidding, contract management, QA and stores are <strong>\"in consonance and analogous\"<\/strong> to construction works, with specific exceptions \u2014 chiefly that <strong>T\/S is needed only for rehabilitation<\/strong>, and the deviation ceiling differs.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h4>Seven categories of maintenance works<\/h4>\r\n <ol class=\"parts-list decimal teal\">\r\n <li><strong>Annual repair and maintenance<\/strong> works (A\/R & M\/O).<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>Special repair<\/strong> works \u2014 major repair\/replacement\/remodelling of a portion due to major breakdowns or deterioration.<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>Additions\/Alterations<\/strong> works.<\/li>\r\n <li>Maintenance of <strong>residences of VIPs<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>Day-to-day<\/strong> repairs.<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>Petty repair<\/strong> works.<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>Up-gradation<\/strong> work and aesthetic improvements in existing buildings.<\/li>\r\n <\/ol>\r\n\r\n <p>Per <strong>GFR 2017 Rule 130<\/strong>, minor works that add capital value but do not create new assets are treated as <strong>Original Works under Capital Head<\/strong>. The E-in-C pre-decides the classification for estimating, booking and exercise of financial powers.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c7-modes\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge teal\">§1<\/span>\r\n <h3>Modes of Execution & Client Interface<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Comprehensive maintenance is the default<\/div>\r\n <p>Maintenance should usually be in <strong>comprehensive maintenance mode<\/strong> \u2014 Civil, Electrical (excluding standalone operational and specialized works) and horticulture done through a <strong>single agency<\/strong> via composite tenders, with up-gradation\/special repairs\/A&A clubbed in. Other modes where comprehensive isn't feasible:<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cat-grid\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-card a\"><div class=\"cat-title\">Departmental Labour<\/div><p>Day-to-day maintenance with materials issued from the maintenance store.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card b\"><div class=\"cat-title\">Individual Contracts<\/div><p>By call of tenders, where comprehensive isn't resorted to.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card c\"><div class=\"cat-title\">Work Orders<\/div><p>Emergent\/urgent cases \u2014 spot quotations (emergency) or call of quotations (urgency).<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card d\"><div class=\"cat-title\">Petty Repairs<\/div><p>Up to <strong>Rs 25,000<\/strong> through hand receipts at reasonable rates, at E-in-C discretion.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card e\"><div class=\"cat-title\">Annual Rate Contract<\/div><p>For repetitive minor works needing immediate start & uniform rates; agencies fixed before the financial year.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Client satisfaction & responsiveness<\/div>\r\n <p>Complaints are registered online through the <strong>\"CPWD Sewa\"<\/strong> web portal and mobile app, managed by CPWD service centres; toll-free numbers <strong>1800114499 \/ 18002664499<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c7-powers\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge amber\">§2<\/span>\r\n <h3>Powers to Undertake Maintenance<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>Officers have full powers to undertake works within their T\/S powers. But for <strong>buildings not originally constructed by CPWD<\/strong>, and <strong>mechanical\/electrical equipment not originally procured\/installed by CPWD<\/strong>, maintenance may be undertaken only with <strong>prior approval of CE or SDG\/ADG<\/strong>. Officers have full powers (within T\/S competence) to augment electric supply for VIP residences up to the load sanctioned for Ministers, Supreme Court\/High Court Judges, MPs, and Secretaries\/Additional Secretaries.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c7-prelim\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge purple\">§3<\/span>\r\n <h3>Preliminaries \u2014 A\/A & E\/S, T\/S, NIT<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">The maintenance exceptions to remember<\/div>\r\n <p>A separate <strong>Annual Works Plan<\/strong> is prepared per discipline (Civil, Electrical, Horticulture) and approved by CE\/SE. For <strong>MoHUA budgetary works, no A\/A & E\/S is required<\/strong> for maintenance from budgeted works \u2014 except <strong>Additions & Alterations<\/strong>, where excess up to <strong>10%<\/strong> of A\/A may be authorized within T\/S power. <strong>Technical Sanction is NOT required for general maintenance<\/strong>; it is issued only for works involving <strong>structural rehabilitation<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>The estimated cost in the NIT is based on <strong>DSR\/market rates<\/strong> for general maintenance; for structural rehabilitation it follows the T\/S rates. The period of comprehensive maintenance is <strong>not more than three years for GPRA\/GPOA works<\/strong>. Composite comprehensive-maintenance-cum-development tenders predominantly horticultural (> 50% horticulture, not exceeding Rs 1.80 crore) are called only from eligible enlisted horticulture contractors.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c7-deviation\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge red\">§4<\/span>\r\n <h3>Deviation on Tendered Amount, Bidding & QA<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout red\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Deviation ceiling \u2014 high-yield<\/div>\r\n <p>Completion cost of any maintenance work shall <strong>not exceed 2.0 times the tendered amount<\/strong> (and 10% of sanctioned cost for budgeted works). Deviation approval ladder: <strong>up to 1.25\u00d7<\/strong> by the E-in-C; <strong>1.25\u00d7\u20131.50\u00d7<\/strong> by SE\/CE; <strong>1.50\u00d7\u20132.0\u00d7<\/strong> by ADG\/SDG \u2014 all with recorded reasons. For deposit\/letter-of-authorization\/CSSA works, completion cost shall not exceed A\/A & E\/S without prior client approval and funds.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <p>Modes of bidding, contract management (apart from the deviation ceiling) and quality assurance for maintenance are <strong>analogous to construction works<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c7-stores\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge gold\">§5<\/span>\r\n <h3>Maintenance Stores & Miscellaneous<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Stores, GeM & advance payments<\/div>\r\n <p>Procurement of goods\/services available on <strong>GeM is mandatory<\/strong> (Rule 149, GFR 2017); purchases up to <strong>Rs 5,000<\/strong> via hand receipt\/imprest\/cash. Advance payments (GFR Rule 172) capped at <strong>30% of contract value (private firm)<\/strong>, <strong>40% (State\/Central Govt agency or PSU)<\/strong>, or six months' amount for a maintenance contract \u2014 with bank-guarantee safeguards. CPWD officers may make advance payment <strong>up to 90%<\/strong> for supply of stores within their tender-acceptance powers.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout teal\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Custody, write-off & physical verification<\/div>\r\n <p>The <strong>AE (or JE where no AE)<\/strong> ensures safe custody of stores. Government property (movable\/immovable) is <strong>not normally insured<\/strong> \u2014 no liability without prior MoF consent (immovable) or DG, CPWD (movable). Materials accounted in the <strong>MAS (Material at Site) register<\/strong>. Physical verification of MAS\/dismantled-material\/T&P accounts is done by the <strong>next-higher authority at least once a year<\/strong>. Losses written off to head <strong>MH 2059 PW Minor Works\u2013Losses on Stock<\/strong>. Every Division maintains a <strong>Register of Buildings<\/strong>, kept up to date; unsafe buildings are survey-reported and disposed of without land by auction (GPRA\/GPOA need DoE, MoHUA approval).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"recap\" id=\"c7-recap\">\r\n <div class=\"recap-title\">⚡ Chapter 7 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/div>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Concept<\/th><th>Key Fact<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td>Maintenance categories<\/td><td><strong>7<\/strong> (A\/R&M\/O, special repair, A&A, VIP, day-to-day, petty, up-gradation)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Minor works treated as<\/td><td>Original Works, Capital Head (GFR <strong>Rule 130<\/strong>)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Default mode<\/td><td><strong>Comprehensive maintenance<\/strong> (single agency, composite)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Petty repairs limit<\/td><td><strong>Rs 25,000<\/strong> via hand receipts<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Complaint app<\/td><td><strong>CPWD Sewa<\/strong>; toll-free 1800114499 \/ 18002664499<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Non-CPWD building maint.<\/td><td>Prior approval of <strong>CE or SDG\/ADG<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>T\/S for maintenance<\/td><td>Only for <strong>structural rehabilitation<\/strong>; none for general<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Comprehensive maint. period<\/td><td><strong>\u2264 3 years<\/strong> for GPRA\/GPOA<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Deviation ceiling<\/td><td><strong>2.0\u00d7 tendered amount<\/strong> (1.25\u00d7 EE \/ 1.50\u00d7 SE-CE \/ 2.0\u00d7 ADG-SDG)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>GeM<\/td><td>Mandatory (Rule 149); advance up to <strong>90%<\/strong> for stores<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Physical verification<\/td><td>By next-higher authority, <strong>at least once a year<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"chapter-pane\" id=\"pane-ch8\" data-chapter=\"8\">\r\n\r\n <div class=\"chapter-heading-block\" id=\"c8-ghar\">\r\n <span class=\"chapter-badge\">CH 8 \u00b7 PART IV<\/span>\r\n <h2>Green Buildings & Sustainability Measures<\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"def-card\">\r\n <div class=\"def-label\">What this chapter does<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"def-text\">\r\n <strong>Part IV (Chapter 16)<\/strong> embeds sustainability into every new work \u2014 green-building certification, energy efficiency, barrier-free accessibility, emerging technologies, recycled C&D waste, pollution control, and the Skill-India and Make-in-India policies.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"schedule-banner\">\r\n <span class=\"schedule-stamp\">Mandatory threshold<\/span>\r\n <h4>GHAR Green-Level Certification<\/h4>\r\n <p>All new works carry provisions of Green Buildings, Energy Efficiency, Sustainability Measures and <strong>Barrier-Free Accessible<\/strong> construction. It is <strong>mandatory that new CPWD projects costing Rs 50 crore and above achieve at least Green-Level Certification of GHAR<\/strong>, based on the <strong>CPWD Green Rating Manual 2021<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c8-tech\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge teal\">§1<\/span>\r\n <h3>Emerging Technologies, C&D Waste & Pollution Control<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cat-grid\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-card a\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-label\">All works, any cost\/location<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-title\">New & Emerging Technologies<\/div>\r\n <p>To be used for all CPWD works irrespective of cost and location; any one such technology may be adopted. If not implemented, <strong>exemption from DG, CPWD<\/strong> is required.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-card b\">\r\n <div class=\"cat-label\">Green & sustainable development<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"cat-title\">Recycled C&D Waste<\/div>\r\n <p>Recycled C&D waste material used subject to quality control and standards; suitable clauses\/items incorporated in the contract by the NIT approving authority per Directorate directions.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout amber\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Fly ash bricks\/blocks & AAC blocks<\/div>\r\n <p>Fly ash bricks\/blocks from recycled C&D waste \/ <strong>AAC blocks<\/strong> are <strong>mandatory in masonry for non-structural members<\/strong> (in place of burnt clay bricks) in <strong>Delhi NCR, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Surat<\/strong>. Used in order of preference for buildings <strong>under 15 m<\/strong>; for buildings <strong>over 15 m, AAC blocks<\/strong> are used.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Control of pollution<\/div>\r\n <p>All works carry provisions for control of pollution from construction\/demolition activities, concrete batch-mixing plants and dust, per MoEF\/MoHUA\/CPWD Directorate guidelines.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"section-heading-block\" id=\"c8-policy\">\r\n <span class=\"section-badge purple\">§2<\/span>\r\n <h3>Skill India & Make in India<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <table class=\"compare-table\">\r\n <thead><tr><th style=\"width:42%;\">Work value<\/th><th>Skill India on-site training (NSDC norms)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">> Rs 50 Cr and up to Rs 100 Cr<\/td><td>Train at least <strong>10%<\/strong> of the unskilled workers engaged.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td class=\"label-cell\">> Rs 100 Cr<\/td><td>Train <strong>20%<\/strong> of the unskilled labour.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"callout purple\">\r\n <div class=\"callout-label\">Public Procurement (Preference to Make in India)<\/div>\r\n <p>Pursuant to <strong>Rule 153(iii) of GFR 2017<\/strong>, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (Ministry of Commerce & Industry) issued orders for procurement through local suppliers \u2014 <strong>purchase preference to local suppliers<\/strong> in all procurements. Related guidelines from MoF (Dept. of Expenditure), MeitY and CVC are uploaded on the CPWD website and must be followed.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"recap\" id=\"c8-recap\">\r\n <div class=\"recap-title\">⚡ Chapter 8 \u2014 Quick Recap<\/div>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Concept<\/th><th>Key Fact<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td>GHAR certification<\/td><td>Green-Level mandatory for works <strong>\u2265 Rs 50 Cr<\/strong> (Green Rating Manual 2021)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Emerging technologies<\/td><td>All works; exemption needs <strong>DG, CPWD<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Fly ash \/ AAC blocks<\/td><td>Mandatory non-structural in 8 cities; <strong>AAC for buildings > 15 m<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Skill India training<\/td><td><strong>10%<\/strong> (>50\u2013100 Cr) \u00b7 <strong>20%<\/strong> (>100 Cr) of unskilled labour<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Make in India rule<\/td><td>GFR <strong>Rule 153(iii)<\/strong>; purchase preference to local suppliers<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n <\/main>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n document.addEventListener('click', function (e) {\r\n const header = e.target.closest('.toc-chapter-header');\r\n if (header) {\r\n const chapterEl = header.parentElement;\r\n const chNum = chapterEl.getAttribute('data-chapter');\r\n switchChapter(chNum);\r\n setTimeout(function () {\r\n document.querySelectorAll('.toc-chapter').forEach(function (other) {\r\n if (other !== chapterEl) other.removeAttribute('open');\r\n });\r\n }, 0);\r\n return;\r\n }\r\n\r\n const subLink = e.target.closest('.toc-sub-list a');\r\n if (subLink) {\r\n const chapterEl = subLink.closest('.toc-chapter');\r\n const chNum = chapterEl.getAttribute('data-chapter');\r\n switchChapter(chNum);\r\n document.querySelectorAll('.toc-chapter').forEach(function (other) {\r\n if (other !== chapterEl) other.removeAttribute('open');\r\n });\r\n document.querySelectorAll('.toc-sub-list 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